Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	body_n	disease_n	nature_n	2,926	5	5.6433	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A87472	The touchstone, or, Trial of tobacco whether it be good for all constitutions : with a word of advice against immoderate drinking and smoaking : likewise examples of some that have drunk their lives away, and died suddenly : with King Jame's [sic] opinion of tobacco, and how it came first into England : also the first original of coffee : to which is added, witty poems about tobacco and coffe [sic] : something about tobacco, written by George Withers, the late famous poet ...; Two broad-sides against tobacco.	Hancock, John, fl. 1638-1675.; Hancock, John, fl. 1669-1705.; James I, King of England, 1566-1625. Counterblaste to tobacco. 1676.; Maynwaringe, Everard, 1628-1699?; Thomson, George, fl. 1648-1679. Aimatiasis. Selections. 1676.; Ward, Samuel, 1577-1640. Woe to drunkards. 1676.; Sylvester, Josuah, 1563-1618. Tobacco battered, and the pipes shattered. 1676.; Everard, Giles. De herba panacea. English. Selections. 1676.; Wither, George, 1588-1667.	1676 (1676)	Wing J144A; ESTC R42598	56,406	78

appetitions and idiosyncratical properties of several bodies one thing will not agree with all Therefore he that cannot drink warm let him take it cold and it is well to him but he that drinks it warm does better And this is to be understood in Winter when the extremity of cold hath congelated and fixed the spirits of the Liquor in a torpid inactivity which by a gentle warmth are unfettered volatile and brisk whereby the drink is more agreeable and grateful to the Stomachs fermenting heat being so prepared then to be made so by it There are three sorts of Drinkers one drinks to satisfie Nature and to support his body without which he cannot well subsist and requires it as recessary to his Being Another drinks a degree beyond this man and takes a larger dose with this intention to exhilarate and chear his mind to banish cares and trouble and help him to sleep the better and these two are lawful Drinkers A third drinks neither for the good of the body or the mind but to stupifie and drown both by exceeding the former bounds and running into excess frustrating those ends for which drink was appointed by Nature converting this support of life and health making it a procurer of sickness and untimely death Many such there are who drink not to satifie Nature but force it down many times contrary to natural inclination and when there is a reluctancy against it as Drunkards that pour in Liquor not for love of the drink or that Nature requires it by thirst but onely to maintain the mad frollick and keep the Company from breaking up Some to excuse this intemperance hold it as good Physick to be drunk once a moneth and plead for that liberty as a wholsome custome and quote the authority of a famous Physician for it Whether this Opinion be allowable and to be admitted in the due Regiment for preservation of Health is fit to be examined It is a Canon established upon good reason That every thing exceeding its just bounds and golden mediocrity is hurtful to Nature The best of things are not excepted in this general rule but are restrained and limited here to a due proportion The supports of life may prove the procurers of death if not qualified and made wholsome by this corrective Meat and drink is no longer sustenance but a load and overcharge if they exceed the quantum due to each particular person and then they are not what they are properly in themselves and by the appointment of Nature the preservatives of life and health but the causes of sickness and consequently of death Drink was not appointed man to discompose and disorder him in all his faculties but to supply nourish and strengthen them Drink exceeding its measure is no longer a refreshment to irrigate and water the thirsty body but makes an inundation to drown and suffocate the vital powers It puts a man out of the state of health and represents him in such a degenerate condition both in respect of body and mind that we may look upon the man as going out of the World because he is already gone out of himself and strangely metamorphosed from what he was I never knew sickness or a Disease to be good preventing Physick and to be drunk is no other then an unsound state and the whole body out of frame by this great change What difference is there between sickness and drunkenness Truly I cannot distinguish them otherwise then as genus and species Drunkenness being a raging Disease denominated and distinguished from other sicknesses by its procatarctick or procuring cause Drink That Drunkenness is a Disease or sickness will appear in that it hath all the requisites to constitute a Disease and is far distant from a state of health for as health is the free and regular discharge of all the functions of the body and mind and sickness when the functions are not performed or weakly and depravedly then Ebriety may properly be said to be a Disease or sickness because it hath the symptoms and diagnostick signs of an acute and great Disease for during the time of drunkenness and some time after few of the faculties perform rightly but very depravedly and preternatually if we examine the intellectual faculties we shall find the reason gone the memory lost or much abated and the will strangely perverted if we look into the sensitive faculties they are disordered and their functions impedited or performed very deficiently the eyes do not see well nor the ears hear well nor the palate reMifh c. The speech faulters and is imperfect the stomach perhaps vomits or nauseates his legs fail Indeed if we look through the whole man we shall see all the faculties depraved and their functions either not executed or very disorderly and with much deficiency Now according to these symptoms in other sicknesses we judge a man not likely to live long and that it is very hard he should recover the danger is so great from the many threatning symptoms that attend this sickness and prognosticate a bad event here is nothing appears salutary but from head to foot the Disease is prevalent in every part which being collated the syndrom is lethal and judgment to be given so Surely then Drunkenness is a very great Disease for the time but because it is not usually mortal nor lasts long therefore it it slighted and look't upon as a trivial matter that will cure it self But now the question may be asked Why is not Drunkenness usually mortal since the same signs in other Diseases are accounted mortal and the event proves if so To which I answer All the hopes we have that a man drunk should live is first From common experience that it is not deadly Secondly From the nature of the primitive or procuring Cause strong Drink or Wine which although it rage and strangely discompose the man for a time yet it lasts not long nor is mortal The inebriating spirits of the liquor flowing in so fast and joyning with the spirits of mans body make so high a tide that overflows all the banks and bounds of order For the spirits of mans body those agents in each faculty act smoothly regularly and constantly with a moderate supply but being overcharged and forced out of their natural course and exercise of their duty by the large addition of furious spirits spurs the functions into strange disorders as if nature were conflicting with death and dissolution but yet it proves not mortal And this first because these adventitious spirits are amicable and friendly to our bodies in their own nature and therefore not so deadly injurious as that which is not so familiar or noxious Secondly Because they are very volatile light and active Nature therefore does much sooner recover her self transpires and sends forth the overplus received then if the morbifick matter were more ponderous and fixed the gravamen from thence would be much worse and longer in removing as an

over-charge of Meat Bread Fruit or such like substances not spirituous but dull and heavy comparativè is of more difficult digestion and layes a greater and more dangerous load upon the faculties having not such volatile brisk spirits to assist Nature nor of so liquid a fine substance of quicker and easier digestion So that the symptoms from thence are much more dangerous then those peracute distempers arising from Liquors So likewise those bad symptoms in other Diseases are more to be feared and accounted mortal then the like arising from drunkenness because those perhaps depend upon malignant causes or such as by time are radicated in the body or from the defection of some principal part but the storm and discomposure arising from drunkenness as it is suddenly raised so commonly it soon falls depending upon benign causes and a spiritucus matter that layes not so great an oppression but inebriates the spirits that they act very disorderly and unwontedly or by the soporiferous vertue stupefies them for a time untill they recover their agility again But all this while I do not see that to be drunk once a moneth should prove good Physick all I think that can be said in this behalf is that by overcharging the Stomach vomiting is procured and so carries off something that was lodged there which might breed Diseases This is a bad excuse for good Fellows and a poor plea for drunkenness for the gaining of one supposed benefit which might be obtained otherwise you introduce twenty inconveniences by it I do not like the preventing of one Disease that may be by procuring of one at the present certainly and many hereafter most probably and if the Disease feared or may be could be prevented no otherwise but by this drunken means then that might tollerate and allow it but there are other wayes better and safer to cleanse the body either upwards or downwards then by overcharging with strong drink and making the man to unman himself the evil consequents of which are many the benefit hoped for but pretended or if any but very small and inconsiderable And although as I said before the drunken fit is not mortal and the danger perhaps not great for the present yet those drunken bouts being repeated the relicts do accumulate debilitate Nature and lay the foundation of many chronick Diseases Nor can it be expected otherwise but you may justly conclude from the manifest irregular actions which appear to us externally that the functions within also and their motions are strangely disordered for the outward madness and unwonted actions proceed from the internal impulses and disordered motions of the faculties which general disturbance and discomposure being frequent must needs subvert the oeconomy and government of humance Nature and consequently ruine the Fabrick of mans body The ill effects and more eminent products of ebriety are first A changing of the natural tone of the Stomach and alienating the digestive faculty That instead of a good transmutation of food a degenerate Chyle is produced Common experience tells that after a drunken debauch the stomach loseth its appetite and acuteness of digestion as belching thirst disrelish nauseating do certainly testifie yet to support nature and continue the custom of eating some-food is received but we cannot expect from such a Stomach that a good digestion should follow and it is some dayes before the Stomach recover its eucrasy and perform its office well and if these miscarriages happen but seldom the injury is the less and sooner recompenced but by the frequent repetition of these ruinous practices the Stomach is overthrown and alienated from its integrity Secondly An unwholsome corpulency and cachectick plenitude of body does follow or a degenerate macilency and a decayed consumptive constitution Great Drinkers that continue it long few of them escape but fall into one of these conditions and habit of body for if the Stomach discharge not its office aright the subsequent digestions will also be defective So great a consent and dependance is there upon the Stomach that other parts cannot perform their duty if this leading principal Part be perverted and debauched nor can it be expected otherwise for from this Laboratory and prime office of digestion all the parts must receive their supply which being not suteable but depraved are drawn into debauchery also and a degenerate state and the whole Body fed with a vitious alimentary succus Now that different products or habits of body should arise from the same kind of debauchery happens upon this score As there are different properties and conditions of bodies so the result from the same procuring causes shall be much different and various one puffs up fills and grows hydropical another pines away and falls Consumptive from excess in drinking and this proceeds from the different disposition of parts for in some persons although the stomach be vitiated yet the strength of the subsequent digestions is so great from the integrity and vigor of those parts destinated to such offices that they act strenuously though their object matter be transmitted to them imperfect and degenerate and therefore do keep the body plump and full although the juyces be foul and of a depraved nature Others è contra whose parts are not so firm and vigorous that will not act upon any score but with their proper object does not endeavour a transmutation of such aliene matter but receiving it with a nice reluctance transmits it to be evacuated and sent forth by the next convenient ducture or emunctory and from hence the body is frustrated of nutrition and falls away So that the pouring in of much liquor although it be good in sua natura does not beget much aliment but washeth through the body and is not assimilated But here some may object and think That washing of the body through with good Liquor should cleanse the body and make it fit for nourishment and be like good Physick for a foul body But the effect proves the contrary and it is but reason it should be so for suppose the Liquor whether Wine or other be pure and good yet when the spirit is drawn off from it the remainder is but dead flat thick and a muddy flegm As we find in the destillation of Wine or other Liquors so it is in mans body the spirit is drawn off first and all the parts of mans body are ready Receivers and do imbibe that limpid congenerous enlivener freely and readily but the remainder of greatest proportion that heavy dull phlegmy part and of a narcotick quality lies long fluctuating upon the digestions and passeth but slowly turns sowr and vitiates the Crases of the parts So that this great inundation and supposed washing of the body does but drown the Faculties stupefie or choak the Spirits and defile all the Parts not purifie and cleanse And although the more subtile and thinner portion passeth away in some persons pretty freely by Vrine yet the grosser and worse part stayes behind

and clogs in the percolation A third injury and common manifest prejudice from intemperate drinking is An imbecillity of the Nerves which is procured from the disorderly motions of the Animal Spirits being impulsed and agitated preternaturally by the inebriating spirits of strong Liquors which vibration being frequent begets a habit and causeth a trepidation of Members Transcribed verbatim out of Doctor Maynwaring's Treatise Of long Life That it may not be said to be onely one Doctors Opinion here is added another Collection against Tobacco-smoking written by the learned Doctor George Thompson in his Book Of Preservation of the Bloud A Bove all I much condemn the common abuse of Tobacco out of which no other symptomes than a scorbutical Venome is accidentally sucked Agreeable to which Judgment of mine is that of the Legitimate Artist Doctor Maynwaring who marks where Tobacco is much taken the Scurvy doth most abound I wish those who are too forward to condemn Chymical Preparations ordered by true Philosophers would reflect upon themselves and others as yet ignorant of Pyrotomy how that they are too forward in rushing into this Science Indirectly making use of a Retort with a receiver I mean a Pipe and the mouth for the reduction of this Plant into Salt and Sulphur proving not a little injurious to them If they were conscious how subtil an enemy it is how hardly to be dealt withall in a moderate sense how insinuating tempting deluding how disagreeing to nature as is manifest at first taking it pretending an evacuation onely of a superfluous moisture when it also generates the same how it wrongs the Ventricle by reason of a continuity of its membrane with that of the mouth how it taints the nutricious Juyce how it dozes the Brain impairing its Faculties especially the memory They would quickly commit this Herb to the hand of those that know what belongs to the right management and improvement thereof I confess it hath a Dowry bestowed upon it which may make it very acceptable to all ingenious Artists for inward and outward uses yet as the matter is handled indiscreetly I know nothing introduced into this Nation hath discovered it self more apparently hurtful in aggravating and graduating this scorbutical evil among us then Tobacco I am not ignorant what some Object That there are those who taking an extraordinary quantity of Tobacco have lived a to great age as Sixty or Seventy Years 2. That multitudes not taking this fume are yet notwithstanding over run with the Scurvy 3. That some have protested they have received certain benefit by this Plant when other Remedies prescribed by able Physitians have been invalid to relieve them 4. That there are places where Man Woman and Child take in this Smoke none of these sad effects appearing As to the first I answer One Swallow makes no Summer I reckon this among raro contingentia I have known one very intemperate in Dier live to the fore-mentioned age but doubtless had he Regulated himself according to the Rules of Mediocrity he might have doubled that age Innate Strength of Body doth carry a man sometimes through that without any great damage which destroys another 2. I do not affirm that this Vegetable is the sole Co-adjuvant cause of the Scurvy it being certain there are many Promoters thereof Besides yet granted that your great Compotators Ventricolae Gormandizers who have as the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lazy panches little else to do but to take Tobacco to pass away the time filling Pipe after Pipe as fast as possible they can exhaust it are commonly incident to this feral Malady Hereupon this very same specifick Disease may be diffused and communicated to others by expiration or ffluvium sent out of a Body infected therewith so that it seems rare to me that the Wife should be exempted from this Cacoettick Sickness if the Husband be afflicted therewith or the Husband be free if the Wife be vexed Doubtless some Peoples Breath doth exceedingly taint the Air to the great annoyance of others 3. I condemn not medicinal appropriation and application of this Drug for I knòw it to be of excellent Vertue There is great difference Inter dictum secundum quid dictum simpliciter between the censure of any thing as absolutely evil and the indirect practise of it Moreover what is one man's Meat may be anothers Poyson 4. The generality of smoking it in some places without those ill effects we find doth not at all frustrate my assertion For I have observed a more moderate course of life in Diet the goodness of the Air with an hereditary Custome hath in great measure ballanced the nocument or inconveniences which otherwise they would have contracted by excess thereof neither are these numerous Tobacconists acquitted from this evil as it appears by those frequent eruptions in the skin whereby a greater mischief is prevented within they being only efflorescences of a scorbutical pravity There are as I apprehend two principal Reasons to be given why this Weed hath captivated so many Thousands in such sort that they become meer Slaves to it One is the seeming delight it affords in the present taking thereof inducing a pleasing bewitching melancholy exceedingly affecting their Fancies so that they could wish with him in the Poet Hic furor ô superi sit mihi perpetuus O that I might alwayes thus melancholize not considering though the Prologue be chearful the Epilogue is often sad though the Spirits are as it were titillated and charmed into a sweet complacency for a short space yet afterward a dulness gloominess seizes upon them indeed how can it be otherwise seeing they are but forcibly lulled into this secure placid Condition by that which is as far remote from the Vitals as the Beams of the Sun are from a black Cloud I find in this Smoke a stinking retunding condensing Opiatelike Sulphur and an acrid Salt profligating extimulating so that by the bridling much of the one and the excessive spurring of the other the spirits like a free metalsome Horse are quite tired out at last It is impossible that the frequent insinuations of this subtil fume making shew of affinity but quite of another tribe with the animals should not at length let a body be never so strong and custom how ever prevalent either pervert or subvert his well constituted frame Another Reason observable only by those that are true Gnosticks of themselves why Tobacco is so highly set by and hath so many Followers is its meretricious kisses given to those that embrace it oftentimes secretly wounding them mortally yet are they not throughly sensible who gave them the stroke I have taken notice of very temperate Persons in other things who for diversion have indulged their genious ad Hilaritatem continuing for urbanitysake in Company they liked longer then ordinary have so closely pursued this pernicious Art of sucking in the smoke of this Herb that never any Chymist was more solicitous in greater hast to fetch

Repentance It is to be feared that after all that hath or can be said to reclaim men from their evil Courses and excesses in Drinking that they will be swayed by Custome which is a second Nature and it will be found as difficult for them to be temperate in Smoking and Drinking and Feasting as it is for the Blackmore to change his Skin or the Leopard his Spots So that they will rather say as he that being advised by his Physician to leave of his evil Courses or else he would loose his Sight answered Tum valeat lumen amicum Then farewel sweet Light To such it may be said as Solomon saith Rejoyce O young man in thy Youth walk in the sight of thine Eyes and let thy Heart chear thee but remember that for all these things God will bring thee to Judgment We all know That Sin is the fore-runner of all Plagues and Calamities that ever came upon any People or Nation under Heaven it is the Plague of Plagues What provoked God to drown the old World but Sin What caused God to rain down Fire and Brimstone on Sodom and Gomorrah but their Sins of Pride Idleness and fulness of Bread And whilst Abraham interceded for Sodom had there been but Ten righteous persons found amongst them God would have spared them for their sakes Thus I have spoken against Sin in general as that which draws down Judgments upon our Heads I will only lay a few Scriptures before you touching the Lord's anger against Sin which he cannot indure to behold without great indignation For it is only Sin that makes a separation between God and our Souls and I desire the Reader to turn to them at his leisure and to make the best use and application of them Hosea 4.1 2 3. Isaiah 22.12 13 14. Isaiah 24.7 8 9. Genesis 12.10 Chap 26.1.42.5.43.1 Chap. 41.30.36.50.56 57. Prov. 15.26.29 That Sea-man that being ingaged in a Ship and sees it in danger to sink or to be cast away is but an ill and unworthy Sea-man that will not put to his helping hand to save her And are not all English-men engaged in the Ship of the Kingdom or Common-wealth of England and is it not in a Storm compassed with Enemies without and within molested and assaulted with the most dangerous Enemies of all over-laden with our grand Enemies Sins of all sorts Is it not the part of an honest true English-man to help to save this Ship by lightening its burden and casting these bad Commodities over-board I mean its Sins that by so doing we may engage God the Lord of Hosts on our side and then si Deus nobiscum cuis contranos Did but England's Sins weigh lighter then her Enemies Sins then we were more likely to be Victorious and Conquerors over all our Forreign Enemies Doth not England match any of her Enemies in Sins and Provocations namely Drunkenness Doth it come behind the Dutch Dane or Swede which are counted the highest Drinkers in the World of the highest form and so for swearing most horrible Oaths and scoffing at Religion and Piety Within ten days since I began this Collection or Postscript I was an Eye and Ear-witness That a swaggering Blade rapt out this Oath God damn me about a trifle in a scoffing Frolick saying He had got a Presbyterian Band on he thought Another man on Whitson-Eve I saw so sadly drunk he could neither go nor stand but sate down on a Door-stone I asked him Where he had been He would give no other Answer but this That he was troubled with the Megromes So I and others about him left him and know not what became of him These two were in the heart of the City near the Exchange After I had seen King James his Counterblast against Tobacco and taken a liking to it I did at the first intend only to get that printed alone but afterwards meeting with these pertinent sutable and profitable Directions for the preservation of long Life both against Tobacco and intemperate drinking Published in the Works of that learned Physician Doctor Maynwaring now living I thought it not amiss to joyn them together and likewise to add a good old Sermon at the latter end Preached in or near the time of King James by a famous Learned Divine Mr. Samuel Ward then Preacher of Ipswich printed 1627. It is but brief and the best I know of in print against the Sin of Drunkenness and Health-drinking wherein are discovered divers sad Examples of many that have been notorious Drinkers or Drunkards called Woe to Drunkards that have kill'd themselves by drinking immoderately In the last place I shall but commend to the Reader a few good useful Books viz. Mr Thomas Brook's Londons Lamentations also his Book called Precious Remedies against Satan's Devices and his Twenty two Sermons on Ephes 3.8 Of the unsearchable Riches of Christ His Cabinet of Jewels His Closet Prayer and a profitable and very delightsome Book of good Counsel for all young Persons called His Apples of Gold for young Men and Women c. Mr. Thomas Watson's new Treatise Entituled The mischief of Sin it brings a person low on Psal 106.43 Mr. Ralph Venning's Book called Sin the Plague of Plagues or sinful Sin the worst of Evils on Rom. 7.13 These Books do set forth Sin in its own proper colours it is compared in Scripture to filthy Rags and to a menstruous Cloth and I think it cannot be called by so bad a name as it is Also lately Published Mr. Robert Perrot's new Book called Englands Sole and Soveraign way of being saved Mr. Calamie's Godly mans Ark which I think is a useful and seasonable Book these stormy Times Now we are pursued by Enemies on all sides outward and inward it 's good to get into an Ark or City of Refuge These are sold at the Three Bibles in Popes head Alley where the best and newest short-hand Books and Books of Divinity are to be had Also History Husbandry Astronomy Mathematicks Arithmetick Law Sea Physick the best Poetry School Books c. Five Books of the learned Doctor Maynwarings 1. His Preservation of Health and Prolongation of Life 2. His Treatise Of the Sourvy shewing That Tobacco is a procuring Cause 3. The rise and progress of Physick Historically Chromologically and Philosophically illustrated shewing The abuse of Medicines c. 4. His Treatise Of Consumptions demonstrating their Nature and Cure 5. The ancient and modern Practice of Physick examined stated and compared The true Elixir Proprietatis of Van Helmont Paracelsus Crollius with a Book of its use and vertue highly commended by Mr. Lilly As for other Books of vain idle Romances Lascivious and Vitious Poetry and Drollery which are worse then the Smoke of Tobacco and more fit for the Fire to make Smoke of then for the Study I wish the Lovers of them to take notice of this one Passage about such in Mr. Philip Goodwin's Mystery of Drunkenness printed for Francis Tyton it is in Page 50. Satan sends out his Books as Baits by which many are cunningly caught with the Venome of which so many are poysoned FINIS Aphorism Tutela sanitatis Amurath His Counter blast to Tobacco ' Primum crater ad sitim pertinere secundum ad hilaritatem tertium ad voluptatem quartum ad insaniam dixit Apuleius Omne nimiun naturae est inimicum A Cacotrophy or Atrophy Quicquid recipitur recipitur per modum recipientis Ax. Esay 2. Esay 5.11 22. Esay 28.1 Joel 1.5 Hab 2. James 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Basil 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A charito tanquam chena hash veche Siphgnoni iaphresh novissimo tanquam Serpens mordebis regulas punget Montinur Mercerus tanquam haemorihois vel dissas Tremelius 1 Cor. 6.10 Esay 5.14 Deut. 32.32