a_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n common_a wealth_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n wherein_o the_o author_n imitate_v the_o rule_n of_o good_a physician_n first_o declare_v the_o disease_n secondary_o show_v the_o efficient_a cause_n thereof_o last_o a_o remedy_n for_o the_o same_o by_o gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n merchant_n sublata_fw-la causa_fw-la tollitur_fw-la effectus_fw-la imprint_v at_o london_n by_o richard_n field_n for_o william_n johnes_n printer_n dwell_v in_o red-crosse-streete_n in_o ship_n ally_n 1601._o the_o first_o part_n concern_v the_o disease_n of_o the_o english_a common_n wealth_n plato_n the_o philosopher_n perceive_v that_o equality_n will_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v have_v enough_o be_v of_o opinion_n and_o will_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o common_a wealth_n to_o be_v common_a who_o sir_n thomas_n moor_n in_o his_o utopian_a common_a weal_n seem_v to_o imitate_v to_o the_o end_n that_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o law_n 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note_v that_o the_o right_a course_n of_o exchange_n be_v abuse_v do_v over-rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n and_o cause_v a_o overballance_a offorrain_a commodity_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o not_o in_o the_o quantity_n or_o quality_n of_o they_o to_o the_o discourse_n whereof_o we_o be_v now_o to_o proceed_v the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a of_o england_n commonweal_n we_o have_v already_o say_v the_o abuse_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n to_o be_v the_o very_a efficient_a cause_n of_o this_o disease_n wherewith_o as_o with_o a_o canker_n the_o politic_a body_n of_o our_o weal_n public_a be_v overtake_v the_o cause_n thereof_o be_v predominant_a &_o overrule_a the_o course_n both_o of_o commodity_n &_o money_n now_o we_o must_v proceed_v to_o the_o application_n thereof_o first_o for_o the_o money_n &_o then_o for_o 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the_o name_n banker_n be_v derive_v a_o bank_n be_v proper_o a_o collection_n of_o all_o the_o ready_a money_n of_o some_o province_n city_n or_o commonwealth_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o some_o person_n licence_v and_o establish_v thereunto_o by_o public_a authority_n of_o some_o prince_n erect_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o inhabitant_n and_o with_o a_o ostentation_n in_o the_o open_a market_n place_n upon_o a_o scaffold_n of_o great_a store_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o belong_v unto_o the_o person_n so_o establish_v which_o be_v unto_o they_o a_o attractive_a matter_n to_o persuade_v &_o allure_v the_o common_a people_n to_o bring_v their_o money_n into_o these_o banker_n hand_n where_o at_o all_o time_n they_o may_v command_v it_o and_o have_v it_o again_o at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n with_o allow_v they_o only_o a_o small_a matter_n of_o five_o upon_o every_o thousand_o ducat_n or_o crown_n when_o any_o man_n will_v retire_v or_o draw_v his_o money_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n again_o which_o although_o it_o be_v once_o but_o in_o twenty_o year_n yet_o during_o all_o that_o time_n they_o be_v to_o have_v no_o more_o so_o that_o these_o person_n or_o banker_n do_v become_v as_o it_o be_v the_o general_a servant_n or_o cassyers_n of_o that_o province_n city_n or_o commonwealth_n these_o banker_n as_o they_o have_v their_o company_n factor_n or_o correspondency_n in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o trade_n in_o christendom_n so_o must_v they_o also_o keep_v account_n with_o every_o man_n of_o who_o they_o have_v receive_v any_o money_n into_o their_o bank_n out_o of_o which_o number_n no_o man_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v almost_o exempt_v but_o general_o all_o man_n be_v desirous_a to_o please_v they_o and_o to_o bring_v their_o ready_a money_n into_o their_o bank_n as_o also_o such_o money_n as_o they_o have_v in_o foreign_a part_n in_o regard_n whereof_o these_o banker_n do_v give_v they_o great_a credit_n for_o if_o any_o man_n have_v occasion_n to_o bestow_v in_o merchandise_n or_o to_o pay_v in_o money_n three_o or_o four_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o have_v but_o one_o thousand_o ducat_n in_o the_o bank_n the_o banker_n will_v pay_v it_o for_o he_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o party_n be_v well_o know_v or_o credit_v without_o take_v any_o gain_n for_o it_o although_o it_o be_v for_o three_o four_o six_o or_o more_o month_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a commodity_n as_o no_o doubt_n it_o be_v to_o man_n in_o particular_a but_o be_v well_o consider_v of_o it_o will_v be_v find_v a_o small_a friendship_n and_o no_o more_o in_o effect_n then_o if_o a_o man_n do_v participate_v the_o light_n of_o his_o candle_n unto_o a_o other_o man_n candle_n for_o what_o be_v this_o credit_n or_o what_o be_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o bank_n but_o almost_o or_o rather_o altogether_o imaginative_a or_o figurative_a as_o for_o example_n peter_n have_v two_o thousand_o ducat_n in_o the_o 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money_n be_v touch_v but_o remain_v still_o in_o the_o banker_n hand_n which_o within_o a_o short_a time_n after_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o bank_n come_v to_o amount_v unto_o many_o million_o and_o by_o their_o industry_n they_o do_v incorporate_v the_o same_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v if_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v what_o the_o ready_a money_n and_o wealth_n of_o london_n will_v come_v unto_o if_o it_o be_v gather_v in_o some_o one_o man_n hand_n much_o more_o if_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o riches_n of_o other_o country_n be_v add_v thereunto_o as_o these_o banker_n can_v cunning_o compass_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v whereof_o be_v cause_v by_o their_o motion_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v but_o some_o will_v say_v or_o demand_v can_v not_o a_o man_n have_v any_o ready_a money_n out_o of_o the_o banker_n hand_n if_o he_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o yes_o that_o he_o can_v but_o before_o he_o have_v the_o same_o they_o will_v be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o know_v for_o what_o purpose_n he_o demand_v the_o same_o or_o what_o he_o will_v do_v with_o it_o if_o it_o be_v to_o pay_v any_o man_n withal_o they_o will_v always_o do_v that_o for_o he_o as_o have_v account_n almost_o with_o all_o man_n for_o he_o be_v account_v to_o be_v of_o no_o credit_n that_o have_v not_o any_o money_n in_o bank_n if_o he_o do_v demand_v it_o for_o to_o make_v over_o by_o exchange_n in_o some_o other_o country_n they_o will_v also_o serve_v his_o turn_n in_o give_v he_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o any_o place_n wheresoever_o because_o they_o have_v their_o company_n or_o correspondency_n in_o every_o place_n if_o he_o do_v demand_v it_o for_o his_o charge_n and_o expense_n it_o will_v be_v pay_v he_o forthwith_o because_o
england_n run_v as_o a_o river_n or_o branch_n must_v needs_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o former_a currant_n which_o be_v not_o perceive_v of_o our_o merchant_n that_o common_o follow_v this_o rule_n if_o the_o exchange_n do_v come_v high_a from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n present_o they_o will_v make_v it_o high_o here_o in_o regard_n of_o discrepance_n and_o distance_n of_o time_n and_o place_n before_o mention_v i_o say_v and_o entreat_v still_o of_o the_o general_a exchange_n for_o those_o place_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o head_n and_o thereby_o may_v command_v if_o the_o course_n thereof_o be_v not_o abuse_v by_o the_o banker_n and_o those_o that_o have_v make_v it_o become_v as_o a_o trade_n to_o england_n great_a prejudice_n as_o by_o the_o application_n thereof_o either_o here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n may_v be_v manifest_v both_o concern_v money_n and_o commodity_n if_o the_o exchange_n with_o we_o here_o be_v low_a so_o that_o more_o will_v be_v give_v for_o our_o money_n be_v carry_v in_o specie_fw-la then_o by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n can_v be_v have_v than_o our_o money_n be_v transport_v whereas_o otherwise_o no_o man_n will_v adventure_v the_o money_n and_o stand_v in_o danger_n of_o the_o law_n to_o loose_v treble_a the_o value_n if_o by_o a_o simple_a bill_n of_o exchange_n he_o may_v have_v as_o much_o pay_v he_o beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o in_o truth_n gain_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n which_o gain_n do_v not_o consist_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o money_n for_o as_o the_o right_a exchange_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n of_o each_o other_o country_n and_o thereupon_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o money_n make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n it_o follow_v that_o neither_o difference_n of_o weight_n fineness_n of_o standard_n or_o valuation_n of_o money_n can_v be_v any_o true_a cause_n of_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n so_o long_o as_o a_o due_a course_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o exchange_n but_o this_o due_a course_n be_v abuse_v cause_v as_o before_o our_o money_n to_o be_v transport_v and_o make_v scarcity_n thereof_o which_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_n advance_v the_o price_n of_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o our_o money_n concur_v with_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n cause_v plenty_n whereby_o the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v advance_v &_o so_o may_v it_o fare_v with_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n be_v transport_v to_o those_o place_n be_v we_o not_o hinder_v by_o the_o toleration_n of_o their_o money_n to_o go_v currant_n far_o above_o their_o value_n with_o they_o and_o to_o the_o great_a transportation_n of_o we_o and_o hindrance_n of_o importation_n of_o any_o unto_o us._n this_o tolleratión_n of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n must_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o valuation_n which_o be_v do_v by_o public_a authority_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o every_o country_n whereas_o the_o toleration_n be_v bring_v in_o by_o particular_a man_n as_o the_o merchant_n be_v that_o contrary_a to_o the_o commandment_n of_o prince_n or_o state_n do_v receive_v and_o pay_v the_o money_n at_o a_o high_a rate_n advance_v the_o price_n of_o their_o commodity_n but_o if_o we_o will_v look_v unto_o the_o proportionable_a course_n of_o this_o toleration_n we_o shall_v easy_o perceive_v that_o man_n of_o understanding_n have_v the_o handle_n thereof_o and_o that_o superior_n will_v wink_v at_o private_a man_n fault_n for_o their_o own_o benefit_n first_o those_o that_o hold_v with_o we_o in_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n &_o silver_n 11._o to_o 1._o by_o valuation_n suffer_v all_o the_o gold_n to_o go_v currant_n after_o 12._o to_o 1._o whereby_o our_o angel_n be_v worth_a above_o 18._o sh._n flemish_a with_o they_o not_o be_v otherwise_o worth_a 17._o shilling_n so_o the_o 2._o angel_n make_v our_o pound_n sterling_a will_v make_v by_o exchange_n at_o the_o most_o but_o 34._o shil_n and_o be_v carry_v in_o specie_fw-la do_v make_v above_o 36._o shilling_n our_o exchange_n still_o hold_v his_o course_n according_a to_o the_o silver_n which_o by_o the_o par_fw-fr be_v esteem_v at_o 33._o shilling_n 4._o penny_n albeit_o therein_o be_v also_o a_o error_n and_o so_o for_o hamborough_n at_o 24._o shilling_n eight_o penny_n or_o twenty_o five_o shilling_n either_o or_o for_o france_n at_o six_o shilling_n the_o crown_n all_o which_o calculation_n be_v uncertain_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o realm_n and_o yet_o my_o meaning_n be_v not_o to_o enter_v into_o these_o particular_n as_o not_o be_v the_o efficeint_a cause_n but_o only_o accidental_o may_v be_v mean_a cause_n the_o due_a course_n of_o the_o exchange_n not_o be_v observe_v second_o for_o the_o silver_n money_n we_o shall_v also_o find_v a_o great_a difference_n if_o we_o compare_v our_o money_n of_o 11._o ounce_n two_o penny_n weight_n fine_a to_o their_o ricx_n dolour_n esteem_v at_o 10._o ounce_n 12._o penny_n weight_n or_o the_o philip_n dolour_n of_o 10._o ounce_n fine_a or_o rather_o 9_o ounce_n 18._o penny_n weight_n as_o we_o find_v the_o same_o much_o more_o if_o we_o do_v consider_v that_o our_o silver_n money_n yield_v the_o great_a profit_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o mint_n beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o of_o late_a since_o the_o east_n indies_n trade_n it_o have_v be_v make_v equal_a with_o the_o valuation_n of_o gold_n and_o rather_o more_o whereby_o in_o effect_n they_o hold_v the_o proportion_n of_o 11._o to_o 1._o with_o us._n but_o then_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n ought_v to_o be_v above_o 36._o shilling_n with_o the_o low-countries_n or_o above_o 25._o shilling_n with_o the_o east_n country_n or_o else_o the_o realm_n &_o every_o subject_n thereof_o lose_v a_o great_a matter_n &_o our_o money_n both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v continual_o export_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o a_o low_a exchange_n if_o the_o exchange_n with_o we_o here_o be_v high_a so_o that_o more_o money_n will_v be_v receive_v beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n for_o our_o money_n than_o the_o same_o will_v yield_v if_o it_o be_v carry_v in_o specie_fw-la then_o every_o man_n be_v desirous_a to_o make_v over_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o that_o money_n which_o shall_v be_v employ_v upon_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o the_o vent_n and_o advancement_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o yet_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n not_o any_o way_n therefore_o sell_v the_o better_a cheap_a and_o herein_o we_o must_v consider_v two_o especial_a point_n first_o that_o both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n all_o commodity_n general_o be_v sell_v payable_a at_o some_o short_a time_n unless_o it_o be_v some_o small_a part_n for_o ready_a money_n second_o that_o general_o our_o merchant_n be_v here_o the_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n be_v the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n and_o the_o contrary_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n beyond_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n have_v a_o easy_a command_n still_o to_o england_n great_a prejudice_n for_o the_o scope_n of_o our_o merchant_n to_o make_v return_n homeward_o imply_v at_o all_o time_n a_o necessity_n and_o so_o it_o do_v not_o with_o the_o other_o for_o they_o do_v take_v their_o advantage_n either_o by_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n or_o by_o make_v of_o it_o over_o at_o a_o high_a exchange_n and_o albeit_o that_o the_o transportation_n of_o money_n be_v prohibit_v very_o strait_o yet_o there_o be_v always_o 3._o way_n of_o exportation_n namely_o by_o commodity_n money_n &_o exchange_n but_o there_o be_v but_o two_o way_n of_o importation_n namely_o commodity_n and_o exchange_n whereby_o come_v a_o notable_a overballance_v of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o those_o money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n at_o a_o high_a price_n shall_v be_v employ_v by_o english_a merchant_n upon_o our_o home_n commodity_n or_o that_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v sell_v according_o it_o be_v altogether_o contrary_a for_o he_o that_o take_v up_o money_n at_o a_o high_a exchange_n do_v it_o upon_o necessity_n &_o must_v pay_v the_o same_o again_o of_o the_o provenue_n of_o his_o cloth_n or_o commodity_n already_o sell_v or_o to_o be_v sell_v or_o must_v maintain_v that_o money_n run_v upon_o exchange_n wherein_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o notable_a loser_n &_o pay_v treble_a interest_n if_o it_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o provenue_n of_o commodity_n sell_v before_o and_o which_o be_v owe_v in_o debt_n then_o
authority_n the_o coin_n be_v advance_v by_o proclamation_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o pay_v out_o money_n when_o money_n be_v proclaim_v down_o and_o then_o also_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v according_o whereby_o the_o realm_n still_o lose_v and_o every_o man_n in_o particular_a not_o know_v the_o weight_n and_o fineness_n of_o the_o money_n but_o follow_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n as_o be_v carry_v away_o with_o the_o stream_n another_o will_v say_v that_o when_o the_o exchange_n be_v low_a beyond_o the_o sea_n where_o our_o merchant_n be_v general_o the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n that_o then_o the_o less_o of_o that_o money_n they_o give_v the_o great_a be_v their_o gain_n enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o exchange_n but_o he_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o at_o a_o low_a exchange_n there_o be_v few_o or_o no_o taker_n at_o all_o unless_o it_o be_v english_a merchant_n that_o have_v money_n to_o pay_v by_o exchange_n which_o be_v here_o take_v up_o &_o so_o still_o some_o of_o they_o &_o the_o realm_n lose_v whereas_o other_o nation_n will_v rather_o transport_v our_o money_n then_o to_o cause_v their_o friend_n to_o take_v up_o money_n at_o a_o low_a exchange_n or_o to_o make_v over_o money_n at_o a_o low_a exchange_n which_o otherwise_o may_v turn_v to_o our_o good_a our_o merchant_n be_v here_o the_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n as_o they_o be_v general_o the_o deliverer_n beyond_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_n as_o i_o say_v before_o here_o be_v always_o a_o necessity_n which_o enforce_v our_o merchant_n to_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n to_o make_v return_n into_o the_o realm_n either_o when_o the_o exchange_n be_v high_a when_o they_o see_v a_o loss_n evident_o which_o be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o commodity_n whereof_o they_o may_v expect_v some_o gain_n or_o else_o when_o the_o exchange_n be_v low_a &_o when_o there_o be_v no_o taker_n up_o of_o the_o money_n &_o when_o they_o can_v bring_v it_o over_o neither_o at_o a_o high_a exchange_n or_o low_a exchange_n which_o of_o course_n enforce_v a_o wonderful_a overballance_v of_o commodity_n in_o nature_n before_o allege_v &_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o many_o superfluous_a commodity_n which_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n some_o that_o be_v continual_a taker_n up_o of_o money_n with_o we_o do_v seem_v to_o point_v at_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n as_o though_o the_o same_o be_v most_o common_o indifferent_a neither_o too_o high_a or_o too_o low_a and_o herein_o be_v they_o mighty_o deceive_v see_v the_o very_a ground_n of_o the_o exchange_n call_v par_n be_v false_a both_o according_a to_o the_o valuation_n and_o toleration_n of_o money_n in_o all_o country_n and_o if_o they_o think_v that_o money_n at_o interest_n be_v hard_o to_o come_v by_o and_o that_o the_o due_a course_n of_o exchange_n will_v be_v a_o interruption_n to_o the_o traffiique_fw-la they_o be_v therein_o also_o in_o a_o error_n for_o money_n will_v not_o only_o be_v keep_v within_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o general_a good_a but_o also_o more_o plentiful_o deliver_v at_o interest_n &_o albeit_o this_o be_v not_o it_o be_v better_a one_o shall_v sit_v still_o without_o trade_n then_o to_o become_v a_o loose_a some_o other_o have_v observe_v that_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n do_v alter_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n do_v think_v that_o our_o merchant_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o plenty_n of_o money_n which_o general_o make_v thing_n dear_a but_o first_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o our_o merchant_n most_o common_o do_v sell_v their_o commodity_n payable_a at_o some_o short_a time_n next_o that_o the_o banker_n keep_v their_o commodity_n upon_o a_o certain_a price_n at_o their_o pleasure_n &_o that_o although_o money_n by_o their_o mean_n do_v abound_v one_o way_n for_o one_o place_n it_o will_v be_v scarce_o again_o for_o another_o place_n and_o he_o that_o take_v up_o the_o same_o shall_v pay_v dear_o for_o it_o whereby_o the_o commodity_n he_o buy_v become_v charge_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la into_o his_o hand_n and_o must_v sell_v they_o according_o &_o for_o the_o commodity_n which_o our_o merchant_n upon_o such_o a_o occasion_n of_o plenty_n of_o money_n do_v sell_v their_o benefit_n can_v countervail_v the_o loss_n which_o they_o receive_v in_o make_v their_o return_n either_o by_o a_o high_a exchange_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o plenty_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n or_o by_o foreign_a commodity_n which_o be_v rise_v according_o and_o much_o more_o so_o that_o in_o conclusion_n our_o home_n commodity_n be_v abate_v by_o the_o abuse_n of_o the_o exchange_n four_o manner_n of_o way_n 1._o by_o scarcity_n of_o money_n which_o make_v thing_n good_a cheap_a cause_v by_o the_o exchange_n 2._o by_o the_o gain_n seek_v upon_o money_n which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v seek_v upon_o the_o commodity_n 3._o by_o a_o high_a exchange_n with_o we_o which_o cause_v man_n to_o deliver_v that_o money_n by_o exchange_n in_o nature_n of_o trade_n which_o otherwise_o by_o some_o may_v be_v employ_v upon_o the_o commodity_n likewise_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n which_o cause_v exportation_n of_o our_o money_n 4._o by_o the_o rash_a sale_n of_o our_o commodity_n by_o young_a merchant_n and_o other_o that_o be_v drive_v to_o pay_v money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n here_o in_o england_n thereby_o spoil_v the_o market_n of_o other_o foreign_a commodity_n on_o the_o contrary_n be_v advance_v 4._o manner_n of_o way_n 1._o through_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o other_o country_n which_o make_v general_o thing_n dear_a which_o plenty_n be_v increase_v by_o our_o own_o money_n transport_v to_o our_o own_o hurt_n every_o way_n 2._o by_o a_o high_a exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n whereby_o man_n be_v incline_v to_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n &_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n when_o there_o be_v no_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n &_o herein_o our_o excessive_a use_n of_o the_o say_a commodity_n do_v encourage_v they_o 3._o by_o the_o toleration_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o go_v currant_n far_o above_o their_o value_n for_o by_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n do_v alter_v also_o &_o this_o toleration_n be_v a_o hindrance_n for_o the_o importation_n of_o money_n cause_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o be_v buy_v and_o bring_v over_o at_o a_o dear_a rate_n 4._o for_o that_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o silk_n velvet_n fustian_n &_o such_o like_a be_v engross_v by_o the_o banker_n that_o sell_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n our_o immoderate_a use_n give_v they_o the_o great_a cause_n hereby_o come_v a_o overballance_a of_o foreign_a commodity_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n which_o to_o supply_v or_o countervail_v draw_v away_o our_o treasure_n &_o ready_a money_n to_o the_o great_a loss_n of_o the_o commonweal_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v with_o the_o least_o of_o 10._o in_o the_o 100_o loss_n upon_o all_o our_o commodity_n go_v out_o &_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n come_v into_o the_o realm_n &_o we_o shall_v find_v it_o to_o be_v above_o 500000._o pound_n every_o year_n so_o that_o in_o sum_n we_o do_v give_v daily_o both_o treasure_n &_o our_o home_n commodity_n to_o have_v foreign_a commodity_n at_o a_o dear_a rate_n thus_o we_o may_v consider_v how_o these_o banker_n &_o every_o one_o of_o we_o do_v use_n or_o rather_o abuse_v the_o exchange_n &_o make_v of_o it_o a_o trade_n for_o money_n &_o therefore_o may_v apt_o be_v call_v a_o merchandize_v exchange_n whereas_o otherwise_o the_o right_a use_n of_o exchange_n be_v very_o needful_a and_o convenient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n &_o traffic_n of_o intercourse_n betwixt_o merchant_n and_o merchant_n or_o country_n &_o country_n but_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n which_o thus_o over-ruleth_a the_o course_n of_o commodity_n &_o money_n be_v intolerable_a for_o we_o shall_v find_v in_o effect_n that_o one_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o one_o sort_n and_o kind_n of_o coin_n have_v two_o price_n &_o two_o valuation_n at_o one_o time_n exchange_v for_o one_o distance_n of_o time_n differ_v only_o by_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n &_o country_n whereby_o private_a man_n alter_v as_o it_o be_v the_o valuation_n of_o coin_n which_o be_v rate_v &_o value_v in_o all_o country_n by_o the_o prince_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o same_o as_o a_o matter_n concern_v their_o dignity_n and_o sovereignty_n &_o so_o consequent_o of_o too_o high_a presumption_n for_o subject_n to_o step_v into_o '_o and_o it_o be_v also_o against_o reason_n to_o change_v the_o course_n of_o nature_n in_o the_o coin_n as_o though_o a_o pound_n weight_n shall_v be_v more_o weighty_a they_o a_o pound_n or_o a_o pound_n tale_n more_o than_o a_o
continual_o to_o rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n cause_v the_o angel_n noble_a be_v the_o six_o part_n of_o a_o ounce_n and_o take_v for_o two_o ounce_n of_o silver_n to_o be_v value_v from_o six_o shilling_n eight_o penny_n unto_o seven_o shilling_n four_o penny_n and_o present_o after_o unto_o seven_o shilling_n six_o penny_n whereby_o every_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v worth_a forty_o five_o penny_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v nothing_o effect_v thereby_o the_o money_n still_o alter_v beyond_o the_o sea_n whereupon_o cardinal_n wolsey_n have_v a_o patent_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o king_n to_o alter_v the_o valuation_n of_o money_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n afterward_o the_o say_a king_n in_o the_o two_o &_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n perceive_v that_o diverse_a nation_n bring_v abundance_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n into_o his_o realm_n and_o receive_v therefore_o ready_a money_n which_o money_n they_o ever_o deliver_v to_o other_o merchant_n by_o exchange_n and_o never_o employ_v the_o same_o on_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n whereby_o his_o majesty_n be_v hinder_v in_o his_o custom_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v not_o utter_v to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o it_o be_v there_o allege_v his_o majesty_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o same_o act_n and_o statute_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v forfeit_v which_o take_v effect_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n and_o no_o other_o be_v to_o be_v expect_v it_o not_o be_v of_o that_o moment_n nor_o the_o principal_a cause_n as_o hereafter_o shall_v be_v declare_v after_o all_o this_o follow_v the_o embase_v of_o money_n and_o what_o happen_v then_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v so_o much_o as_o be_v think_v convenient_a all_o which_o notwithstanding_o and_o as_o it_o be_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o credit_n of_o experience_n yet_o some_o man_n will_v attribute_v the_o cause_n of_o transportation_n to_o the_o fineness_n or_o under_o valuation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o will_v have_v our_o money_n enhance_v in_o price_n or_o embace_v by_o allay_n without_o that_o they_o have_v any_o consideration_n that_o in_o some_o sort_n our_o exchange_n shall_v be_v make_v according_o and_o that_o the_o matter_n will_v remain_v still_o in_o substance_n although_o it_o be_v alter_v in_o name_n whereof_o the_o base_a money_n daily_o export_v out_o of_o france_n and_o the_o inhance_a of_o money_n in_o turkey_n and_o barbary_n do_v give_v we_o a_o instance_n and_o it_o follow_v that_o neither_o difference_n of_o weight_n fineness_n of_o standard_n proportion_n between_o the_o money_n or_o valuation_n thereof_o can_v be_v any_o true_a cause_n of_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n so_o long_o as_o a_o due_a course_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o exchange_n which_o be_v found_v thereupon_o as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v have_v find_v out_o the_o efficient_a cause_n the_o remedy_n be_v easy_a and_o most_o common_o great_a matter_n be_v cure_v by_o easy_a remedy_n and_o by_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v every_o man_n of_o judgement_n may_v easy_o gather_v that_o the_o exchange_n for_o all_o place_n ought_v to_o be_v keep_v at_o a_o certainty_n in_o price_n according_a to_o value_v for_o value_n and_o that_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o toleration_n of_o the_o price_n of_o the_o money_n in_o each_o country_n where_o we_o find_v that_o a_o certain_a proportion_n be_v observe_v from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o which_o end_n there_o must_v be_v a_o vigilant_a eye_n for_o the_o observation_n thereof_o upon_o all_o alteration_n and_o to_o make_v our_o price_n of_o exchange_n according_o both_o for_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n either_o in_o advance_v our_o gold_n and_o make_v the_o porportion_n to_o be_v between_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n 12._o to_o 1._o or_o else_o make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o gold_n if_o we_o do_v make_v our_o gold_n to_o be_v worth_a twelve_o of_o silver_n as_o be_v use_v in_o most_o place_n then_o must_v our_o angel_n and_o other_o gold_n be_v call_v in_o if_o so_o be_v that_o we_o will_v not_o think_v convenient_a that_o the_o weight_n and_o price_n shall_v be_v alter_v and_o new_a angel_n may_v be_v coin_a of_o crown_n gold_n hold_v still_o their_o price_n and_o weight_n or_o else_o if_o we_o will_v alter_v the_o valuation_n than_o our_o angel_n shall_v be_v at_o ten_o shilling_n ten_o penny_n and_o the_o french_a crown_n six_o shilling_n six_o penny_n for_o there_o be_v as_o much_o difference_n between_o the_o proportion_n of_o eleven_o to_o one_o and_o twelve_o to_o one_o as_o there_o be_v difference_n in_o the_o price_n of_o angel_n gold_n and_o crown_n gold_n but_o alter_v neither_o of_o these_o the_o exchange_n may_v qualify_v the_o same_o the_o rather_o because_o that_o for_o place_n where_o we_o have_v no_o ordinary_a exchange_n our_o gold_n and_o silver_n money_n be_v transport_v in_o nature_n of_o bullion_n especial_o the_o silver_n be_v more_o worth_a in_o some_o mint_n beyond_o the_o sea_n then_o by_o valuation_n as_o we_o have_v note_v before_o for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n at_o a_o certainty_n according_a to_o value_v for_o value_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n whereas_o these_o exchange_n be_v most_o common_o make_v by_o certain_a person_n swear_v to_o deal_v honest_o between_o party_n and_o party_n common_o call_v broker_n that_o every_o merchant_n exchange_v shall_v be_v bind_v upon_o a_o penalty_n not_o to_o make_v any_o exchange_n without_o they_o and_o according_a to_o their_o direction_n to_o which_o end_n they_o shall_v have_v a_o certain_a prescription_n specify_v in_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n how_o to_o make_v these_o exchange_n and_o shall_v become_v bind_v with_o surety_n to_o make_v they_o according_o in_o the_o course_n whereof_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o other_o difference_n between_o the_o deliverer_n and_o taker_n up_o of_o money_n but_o after_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n and_o to_o make_v they_o payable_a at_o some_o short_a time_n to_o cut_v off_o the_o merchandize_v of_o the_o same_o both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n other_o that_o do_v not_o like_a to_o enter_v into_o bond_n do_v allow_v of_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o do_v affirm_v the_o same_o will_v be_v more_o exact_o do_v by_o certain_a skilful_a and_o substantial_a man_n thereunto_o authorise_v by_o her_o most_o excellent_a majesty_n to_o be_v the_o general_a exchanger_n with_o who_o all_o man_n shall_v be_v command_v to_o make_v their_o exchange_n here_o in_o england_n and_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n our_o merchant_n only_o in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o traffic_n beyond_o the_o sea_n with_o these_o exchanger_n deputy_n also_o in_o manner_n aforesaid_a wherein_o will_v be_v little_a restraint_n for_o he_o that_o will_v not_o deliver_v his_o money_n here_o by_o exchange_n may_v if_o he_o will_v employ_v the_o same_o upon_o our_o commodity_n and_o rather_o than_o to_o transport_v any_o in_o specie_fw-la he_o will_v deliver_v it_o by_o exchange_n when_o upon_o a_o simple_a bill_n he_o may_v have_v as_o much_o give_v he_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o exchange_n as_o the_o same_o will_v yield_v he_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v in_o specie_fw-la with_o great_a adventure_n and_o in_o danger_n of_o the_o loss_n with_o treble_a the_o value_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n on_o the_o contrary_a he_o that_o will_v not_o deliver_v his_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n by_o exchange_n he_o may_v bring_v over_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v at_o a_o reasonable_a rate_n or_o else_o the_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la provide_v always_o that_o in_o bring_v money_n there_o be_v no_o permission_n any_o other_o to_o be_v currant_n but_o such_o as_o be_v already_o proclaim_v and_o all_o other_o to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o mint_n or_o to_o these_o exchanger_n deputy_n which_o shall_v give_v present_o other_o ready_a money_n for_o it_o according_a to_o the_o statute_n 20._o e._n 3._o whereby_o of_o course_n also_o that_o may_v be_v effect_v which_o heretofore_o be_v command_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 8._o h._n 5._o 2._o whereby_o the_o stapler_n be_v to_o bring_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o return_n of_o their_o woolle_n in_o bullion_n the_o most_o noble_a king_n of_o this_o realm_n edward_n the_o three_o richard_n the_o second_o henry_n the_o four_o henry_n the_o five_o henry_n the_o six_o and_o especial_o henry_n the_o seven_o make_v most_o noble_a statute_n against_o the_o abuse_n
of_o exchange_n and_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o custom_n and_o then_o the_o right_a exchange_n as_o doctor_n wilson_n say_v be_v only_o use_v by_o the_o king_n or_o his_o exchanger_n albeit_o there_o be_v not_o any_o such_o urgent_a cause_n so_o that_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n bring_v his_o ware_n into_o the_o realm_n do_v first_o pay_v his_o custom_n and_o have_v make_v sale_n of_o his_o commodity_n and_o employ_v the_o money_n that_o he_o receive_v here_o upon_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o realm_n according_a to_o the_o statute_n 14._o r._n 2._o and_o so_o pay_v custom_n again_o depart_v home_o to_o his_o country_n without_o carry_v any_o money_n at_o all_o by_o exchange_n for_o if_o there_o be_v not_o sufficient_a commodity_n here_o in_o ware_n he_o make_v his_o exchange_n then_o with_o the_o king_n exchanger_n and_o none_o other_o so_o that_o it_o be_v know_v unto_o the_o exchanger_n what_o exchange_n he_o make_v and_o upon_o what_o cause_n but_o if_o this_o matter_n be_v now_o a_o day_n due_o consider_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v find_v of_o such_o importance_n as_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v neither_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o advancement_n of_o the_o sale_n and_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n the_o trade_n whereof_o will_v best_o become_v our_o english_a merchant_n as_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v fit_a for_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n leave_v the_o due_a course_n of_o exchange_n in_o manner_n aforesaid_a free_a for_o both_o party_n to_o make_v their_o return_n by_o upon_o all_o occasion_n which_o will_v prove_v very_o profitable_a to_o the_o realm_n and_o her_o majesty_n custom_n consider_v the_o say_a statute_n do_v only_o command_v the_o mere_a merchant_n stranger_n and_o not_o the_o denizen_n which_o be_v the_o principal_a dealer_n our_o home_n commodity_n be_v also_o so_o needful_a and_o of_o continual_a request_n that_o at_o all_o time_n they_o be_v most_o vendible_a notwithstanding_o some_o small_a interruption_n which_o now_o and_o then_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n and_o other_o controversy_n do_v happen_v if_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n import_v by_o merchant_n stranger_n which_o pay_v more_o custom_n than_o the_o native_a subject_n do_v her_o majesty_n custom_n will_v very_o much_o increase_v again_o if_o they_o be_v buy_v better_o cheap_a more_o will_v be_v vent_v with_o we_o and_o likewise_o great_a quantity_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n transport_v especial_o when_o money_n do_v abound_v last_o the_o trade_n of_o our_o commodity_n will_v increase_v if_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o marchandize_v exchange_n do_v cease_v and_o be_v it_o not_o that_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n be_v consume_v within_o the_o realm_n it_o be_v great_a reason_n that_o as_o the_o price_n thereof_o be_v rise_v so_o likewise_o the_o custom_n shall_v be_v pay_v somewhat_o according_o the_o portugal_n which_o do_v engross_v the_o spice_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n cause_n a_o great_a custom_n to_o be_v take_v of_o twenty_o upon_o the_o hundred_o upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o carrack_n at_o lisbon_n for_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o cause_v other_o nation_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o make_v the_o price_n according_o please_v they_o again_o in_o the_o custom_n outward_o in_o take_v but_o one_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o same_o make_v in_o this_o manner_n their_o country_n as_o it_o be_v a_o store-house_n for_o spice_n as_o the_o hollander_n do_v they_o for_o corn_n come_v from_o the_o east_n country_n and_o the_o like_a plenty_n be_v use_v by_o other_o nation_n which_o will_v require_v a_o large_a description_n as_o also_o how_o they_o enrich_v themselves_o by_o their_o industry_n and_o handiwork_n of_o the_o stuff_n of_o other_o country_n and_o again_o what_o commodity_n may_v be_v make_v within_o the_o realm_n we_o have_v fit_a matter_n or_o stuff_n thereunto_o and_o how_o artificer_n and_o other_o workman_n wage_n shall_v be_v consider_v and_o yet_o to_o this_o purpose_n we_o can_v omit_v to_o commend_v the_o singular_a good_a statute_n make_v by_o king_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o can_v wish_v that_o the_o wage_n give_v in_o those_o day_n with_o so_o great_a advisement_n be_v now_o treble_v according_a to_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n than_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v at_o twenty_o penny_n which_o be_v now_o rate_v at_o 5._o shilling_n this_o be_v due_o observe_v in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n for_o the_o allowance_n of_o the_o bake_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o corn_n the_o baker_n have_v now_o six_o shilling_n for_o the_o same_o whereas_o he_o have_v in_o those_o day_n two_o shilling_n but_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n we_o say_v that_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n before_o mention_v will_v be_v effect_v by_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o when_o our_o merchant_n shall_v have_v ability_n give_v they_o to_o import_v money_n then_o will_v they_o bring_v the_o lesser_a quantity_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n and_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v bring_v the_o more_o and_o again_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o more_o ready_a money_n either_o in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n that_o our_o merchant_n shall_v make_v their_o return_n by_o the_o more_o employment_n will_v they_o make_v upon_o our_o home_n commodity_n advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o which_o price_n will_v augment_v the_o quantity_n by_o set_v more_o people_n on_o work_n and_o will_v also_o increase_v her_o majesty_n custom_n outward_a all_o which_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o general_a good_a of_o her_o majesty_n the_o whole_a realm_n and_o every_o inhabitant_n thereof_o and_o this_o reformation_n be_v in_o effect_n no_o more_o but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o keep_n of_o our_o own_o weight_n and_o measure_n namely_o our_o money_n and_o exchange_n to_o sell_v our_o commodity_n by_o see_v that_o trust_v other_o nation_n therewith_o we_o have_v be_v hitherto_o deceive_v neither_o can_v any_o nation_n take_v hereby_o any_o offence_n at_o all_o we_o receive_v value_n for_o value_n as_o they_o with_o reason_n do_v also_o one_o of_o another_o the_o remedy_n be_v easy_a and_o yet_o of_o such_o moment_n that_o as_o the_o course_n of_o thing_n do_v carry_v always_o a_o great_a command_n so_o shall_v we_o find_v that_o of_o course_n diverse_a statute_n shall_v be_v observe_v or_o execute_v viz._n the_o statute_n of_o 9_o e._n 3._o 25._o e._n 3._o 5._o r._n 2._o 2._o h._n 4._o 2._o h._n 6._o 4._o h._n 7._o 5._o e._n 6._o prohibit_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n and_o bullion_n etc._n etc._n the_o statute_n of_o 9_o e._n 3._o 15._o e._n 3._o 14._o r._n 2._o 3._o h._n 7._o and_o other_o concern_v exchange_n to_o have_v their_o due_a course_n both_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o for_o foreign_a part_n have_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n thereof_o exchanger_n for_o the_o money_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n and_o for_o the_o money_n or_o bullion_n bring_v over_o in_o buy_v the_o same_o and_o deliver_v it_o into_o her_o majesty_n mint_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o 8._o h._n 5._o and_o 20._o e._n 3._o before_o mention_v whereby_o her_o majesty_n shall_v have_v the_o due_a gain_n of_o her_o mint_n and_o poor_a monier_n shall_v continual_o work_v for_o the_o execution_n whereof_o money_n be_v coin_a in_o those_o day_n in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o realm_n howbeit_o all_o by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o king_n mint_n at_o london_n namely_o at_o canterbury_n at_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n newcastle_n upon_o tine_n at_o bristol_n and_o excester_n and_o the_o exchanger_n for_o the_o king_n at_o london_n do_v also_o depute_v exchanger_n in_o the_o most_o place_n save_v that_o certain_a merchant_n of_o florence_n call_v friscobaldi_n be_v the_o king_n exchanger_n at_o kingston_n newcastle_n and_o excester_n whereby_o appear_v the_o great_a care_n have_v thereof_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o remember_v such_o benefit_n as_o will_v redound_v to_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n by_o the_o reformation_n hereof_o when_o at_o all_o time_n they_o may_v make_v a_o sure_a calculation_n of_o their_o gain_n and_o account_n according_a to_o the_o know_a price_n of_o the_o exchange_n or_o in_o set_v over_o the_o bill_n obligatorie_n which_o they_o receive_v of_o their_o commodity_n for_o foreign_a commodity_n or_o in_o make_v over_o their_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o all_o time_n whereby_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v drive_v to_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n or_o stand_v in_o danger_n to_o become_v loser_n by_o the_o exchange_n upon_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o price_n thereof_o after_o the_o sale_n make_v of_o their_o commodity_n and_o before_o they_o do_v receive_v their_o
money_n to_o be_v make_v over_o by_o exchange_n and_o they_o may_v then_o altogether_o seek_v the_o gain_n upon_o their_o home_n commodity_n sell_v they_o with_o more_o reputation_n when_o young_a merchant_n have_v small_a stock_n and_o run_v for_o money_n upon_o the_o exchange_n shall_v not_o through_o their_o rash_a sale_n abate_v the_o price_n of_o commodity_n especial_o when_o more_o money_n shall_v be_v have_v at_o interest_n the_o merchandize_v exchange_n cease_v whereby_o young_a merchant_n may_v be_v supply_v in_o their_o need_n or_o occasion_n and_o with_o small_a stock_n and_o less_o adventure_n have_v great_a gain_n for_o the_o canker_n of_o this_o exchange_n shall_v not_o consume_v they_o as_o it_o have_v do_v many_o of_o they_o and_o other_o and_o that_o unaware_o for_o the_o same_o be_v like_a unto_o the_o serpent_n aspis_n which_o sting_v man_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o they_o fall_v into_o a_o pleasant_a sleep_n until_o they_o die_v if_o any_o man_n shall_v make_v doubt_n of_o the_o execution_n hereof_o let_v he_o but_o have_v a_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o right_a exchange_n both_o here_o and_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o he_o will_v wonder_v that_o so_o great_a matter_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v by_o so_o easy_a mean_n especial_o whereas_o it_o may_v be_v think_v difficult_a in_o regard_n of_o other_o nation_n first_o the_o gain_n have_v upon_o the_o money_n deliver_v by_o exchange_n here_o in_o england_n either_o real_o or_o imaginative_o be_v take_v away_o will_v cause_v the_o merchandize_v thereof_o to_o cease_v we_o call_v that_o real_o when_o in_o specie_fw-la the_o money_n be_v pay_v and_o imaginative_o when_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o general_a want_n of_o money_n it_o be_v in_o effect_n but_o pay_v as_o it_o be_v by_o assignation_n and_o then_o all_o such_o merchant_n either_o stranger_n or_o native_a subject_n which_o deliver_v their_o money_n by_o exchange_n for_o gain_n shall_z all_o deliver_v the_o same_o at_o interest_n cause_v plenty_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n for_o the_o general_a good_a second_o for_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n every_o man_n can_v easy_o understand_v that_o as_o the_o gain_n of_o the_o exchange_n appear_v only_o by_o the_o return_n thereof_o that_o no_o merchant_n stranger_n will_v deliver_v any_o money_n unto_o our_o merchant_n when_o he_o shall_v know_v the_o certainty_n of_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n which_o do_v exclude_v the_o gain_n consider_v that_o all_o man_n within_o the_o realm_n shall_v make_v their_o exchange_n at_o a_o certainty_n either_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o broker_n or_o the_o general_a exchanger_n especial_o our_o merchant_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v general_o the_o deliverer_n of_o money_n and_o few_o of_o they_o taker_n up_o so_o that_o this_o course_n of_o exchange_n shall_v command_v other_o nation_n we_o have_v moreover_o the_o head_n of_o this_o principal_a exchange_n of_o our_o 20._o shilling_n sterling_a whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o head_n will_v command_v and_o direct_v the_o other_o member_n of_o the_o body_n neither_o will_v merchant_n stranger_n take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n at_o a_o low_a price_n to_o their_o loss_n of_o any_o of_o our_o merchant_n than_o our_o exchanger_n deputy_n will_v give_v but_o will_v rather_o cause_v their_o money_n to_o be_v make_v over_o from_o hence_o for_o gain_n bear_v still_o the_o sway_n in_o the_o course_n oftrade_fw-mi three_o the_o general_a course_n of_o this_o exchange_n in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o trade_n will_v govern_v the_o particular_a as_o it_o be_v in_o all_o traffic_n so_o that_o any_o exchange_n make_v in_o any_o place_n of_o small_a traffic_n where_o the_o exchanger_n shall_v have_v no_o deputy_n will_v be_v of_o small_a moment_n for_o if_o our_o merchant_n that_o do_v deliver_v the_o money_n must_v give_v much_o to_o have_v their_o money_n pay_v here_o in_o england_n it_o will_v be_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o realm_n for_o they_o will_v sell_v their_o commodity_n according_o upon_o this_o occasion_n and_o if_o they_o do_v deliver_v it_o at_o a_o low_a rate_n under_o our_o exchanger_n price_n the_o matter_n can_v be_v great_a for_o those_o also_o which_o be_v the_o taker_n thereof_o will_v rather_o take_v it_o of_o our_o exchanger_n deputy_n at_o a_o better_a rate_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o their_o friend_n or_o factor_n dwell_v in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o traffic_n where_o our_o merchant_n shall_v deliver_v their_o money_n to_o the_o exchanger_n deputy_n even_o as_o merchant_n stranger_n shall_v do_v here_o in_o england_n and_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n which_o cause_v one_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v exchange_v for_o the_o most_o place_n 6._o time_n in_o a_o year_n be_v take_v away_o the_o ordinary_a exchange_n be_v not_o of_o any_o such_o moment_n that_o we_o shall_v doubt_v of_o the_o sufficiency_n of_o such_o substantial_a man_n as_o may_v execute_v the_o same_o consider_v also_o that_o they_o shall_v serve_v every_o man_n turn_n that_o will_v take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n here_o of_o they_o and_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o constraint_n for_o any_o man_n to_o deliver_v his_o money_n here_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o may_v employ_v the_o same_o upon_o commodity_n at_o his_o pleasure_n last_o let_v we_o answer_v to_o some_o objection_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o due_a consideration_n of_o the_o premise_n and_o the_o weightiness_n of_o the_o matter_n may_v satisfy_v us._n to_o the_o general_a objection_n that_o sell_v our_o commodity_n dear_a will_v be_v a_o interruption_n to_o the_o traffic_n we_o have_v already_o show_v how_o necessary_a our_o commodity_n be_v &_o what_o request_n thereof_o be_v in_o all_o place_n so_o that_o such_o controversy_n as_o sometime_o arise_v be_v always_o qualify_v or_o end_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n themselves_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 7._o upon_o a_o contention_n betwixt_o the_o say_a king_n and_o the_o king_n of_o roman_n and_o a_o displeasure_n take_v against_o the_o fleming_n and_o especial_o against_o the_o lady_n margaret_n duchess_n of_o burgundy_n and_o sister_n to_o king_n edward_n the_o four_o in_o cause_v to_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o his_o dominion_n all_o flemish_a ware_n and_o merchandize_n and_o restrain_v all_o english_a merchant_n from_o repair_v &_o traffic_v into_o any_o of_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o king_n of_o roman_n or_o the_o archduke_n his_o son_n &_o the_o mart_n to_o be_v keep_v at_o calis_n for_o wool_n and_o cloth_n whereupon_o the_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o archduke_n banish_v all_o english_a commodity_n out_o of_o their_o dominion_n which_o continue_v almost_o three_o year_n until_o the_o archduke_n send_v ambassador_n unto_o the_o king_n to_o conclude_v a_o peace_n and_o therewithal_o be_v the_o contract_n of_o intercourse_n also_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o say_a king_n and_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n and_o burgundy_n the_o like_a example_n we_o have_v more_o again_o that_o young_a merchant_n or_o other_o shall_v not_o have_v so_o much_o credit_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o exchanger_n as_o they_o have_v now_o at_o diverse_a man_n hand_n and_o that_o therefore_o it_o be_v better_a to_o enter_v into_o bond_n as_o aforesaid_a which_o will_v be_v due_o observe_v because_o the_o bill_n of_o exchange_n shall_v bear_v witness_n against_a they_o let_v we_o consider_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o have_v such_o great_a occasion_n to_o take_v up_o money_n when_o money_n shall_v be_v plentiful_o here_o deliver_v at_o interest_n which_o be_v now_o deliver_v by_o exchange_n whereas_o also_o they_o may_v bring_v over_o money_n for_o their_o return_n when_o they_o see_v cause_n and_o the_o exchanger_n receive_v here_o much_o money_n at_o the_o merchant_n stranger_a hand_n by_o exchange_n will_v be_v glad_a to_o give_v a_o great_a credit_n to_o have_v the_o better_a mean_n to_o repay_v the_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o those_o that_o deliver_v their_o money_n at_o interest_n or_o by_o exchange_n in_o regard_n of_o usury_n consist_v only_o in_o the_o name_n for_o they_o have_v both_o a_o intention_n of_o gain_n upon_o money_n and_o do_v bear_v a_o adventure_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o money_n whereas_o the_o one_o be_v certain_a to_o have_v no_o more_o but_o ten_o upon_o the_o hundred_o at_o the_o most_o and_o the_o other_o do_v expect_v at_o the_o least_o 15._o or_o 20._o upon_o the_o hundred_o in_o regard_n whereof_o he_o be_v content_v to_o stand_v in_o adventure_n to_o lose_v sometime_o and_o that_o seldom_o by_o exchange_n but_o still_o the_o intention_n remain_v which_o shall_v be_v the_o sure_a guide_n of_o conscience_n to_o take_v away_o false_a