motion and emanation lye down in a profound and inextricable sleep but they are hindred either by the proper vice of themselves because having taken or being distemper'd by some Narcotick they are as it were coagulated and become immoveable or because their exterior tracts or paths in the Brain are obstructed and possessed by some strange guest so that there is no fit space granted them for their expansion The symptoms of this Disease which now come in order to be explained the chief are Sleep and forgetfulness or a cessation of every other knowing or spontaneous function unequal and slow breathing a Feavour and oftentimes the distemper growing worse Convulsions a leaping of the Tendons and at length universal and deadly Cramps or Convulsions As to the too former of these we mentioned before that Memory is deficient altogether for the same reason as Sleep exceeds to wit forasmuch as the Spirits inhabiting the outward part of the Brain being either bound up or expulsed from their tracts do not irradiate or beam forth from the Callous Body into the Cortex or shelly part of the Brain by which imagination or waking is made nor do they being carried inwards and repeating their former footsteps represent the Ideas or Images of things before acted Indeed Sleep Watching and Memory are affections of the same parts and places of which it is no light sign and which vulgarly appears by experience that Opiate Medicines by which Sleep is provoked being often given hurt the Memory Yea I my self knew one having taken a strong Hypnotick or Medicine to cause sleep after being sick with a Feavour lived many nights and days without sleep and almost wholely lost his Memory especially as to any thing long past As to what respects the other faculties of the Corporeal Soul to wit the Imagination Appetite or desire Sense and Motion although no Narcortick or sleepy chains are cast upon the Spirits destinated to these offices and that the Pores and passages of the interior Brain within which they are wont to expatiate are seen to be open enough yet these Spirits because during the fit they are denied their commerce with the others bound up of themselves lye down and are overcome by Sleep For as a continual sleepiness beginning about the root of the sensitive Soul to wit the Cortex or shelly part of the Brain immediately its whole province is obscured as it were with a veil to wit the knowing desiring and self-moving part of the Soul and also the intellect it self its windows being every where shut up hardly speculates or beholds any thing Further the power or force of this Disease is seen to be extended to the other part of the sensitive Soul presiding o're the Cerebel and its Regiment wherefore during the fit of the Lethargy the respiration and Pulse are altered for that becomes unequal and slow sometimes drawing the breath deep and long sometimes short repeated and as it were double and this being great and swift diffuseth a feavourish heat thorow the whole body The reason of the former if I am not deceived is this to wit that the same Morbific Cause which infects the outward part of the Brain and its inhabitants infects also in part the Cerebel and the Spirits there serving for the motions of the Precordia which being by that means disturbed and hindred though they omit not thir tasks yet they perform them difficultly and with interruption hence the Diaphragma and Muscles of the Thorax do not so easily and swiftly as before perform their Systoles but laboriously and with a longer straining or endeavour and sometimes with repeated tryals or forces This kind of unequal long and difficult breathing frequently happens also in a Phrensie wherefore some judge the cause both of this and that to be from the inflammation of the Midriff or Diaphragma but amiss because the symptom in both these Cephalick Diseases depends on the Cerebel participating the hurt of the Brain grievously distemper'd As to the Feavour of one troubled with a Lethargy to be known by the great and quick Pulse hot breathing with a burning of the Tongue and Mouth without any heat in the extream parts some deduce this from the same cause as the Lethargy to wit either from Phlegm putrefying in the Brain or from a cold inflammation of the Brain Others on the contrary affirm the Feavour to be the primary effect and thence the Morbific Matter to be carried into the Head from the burning Blood Concerning these we grant that a Lethargy comes often after a Feavour but we can say nothing of the Phlegm putrefying in the Brain or of its frigid Inflammation which is as much as to say icy fire for if this be malignant or of evil custom happening also to Children old Men and other Phlegmatick Scorbutick or very Caecochymical persons or such as are full of ill humors about the height of a Disease not well Cured oftentimes in the place of a Crisis the feavourish matter being snatch'd into the Head induces a cruel and oftentimes a deadly Torpor or sleepiness which notwithstanding ought not to be esteemed the symptom of the Disease but of that Feavour After this manner I have often observed and elsewhere have particularly described that Soporiferous Feavours and as it were marked with a certain sleepiness have raged and become Epidemical at sometimes by reason of the evil constitution of the year But it is no less usual when a Lethargy is the principal distemper for a Feavour to follow and to owe to it as much its original as its Cure for a Feavour beginning after a continual sleepiness that being shaken off or discussed ceases soon of it self such a Feavour we think to arise not from the Blood growing hot by reason of the strife of intestine particles but because of the impulse of the containing and neighbouring bodies variously altering and disturbing its course For indeed the right temper of the Blood very much depends not only on its particles being truly mixt and overcome but also upon the motion impressed on the Heart and the Vessels or the Organical Circulation to wit that its Liquor may every where flow with an equal and alike flowing and ebbing which if finding any where a stop or Remora it be retarded its motion is made more impetuous and with a Feavourish tumult in the whole channel besides This manifestly appears in violent passions acute pains a breaking of the unity in all which the Blood being obstructed in one place or straitned it is snatched more vehemently in others and conceives a Feavourish heat for this cause to wit lest the thread of its circulation should be broken on which life necessarily depends wherefore as the Proverb says None dyes without a Feavour For how poor or deficient soever the Blood is and that the strength of all the moveing parts are weak yet in the instant agony of Death by the mere impulse of
what meaâ—â— in the Brain The History of one presently kill'd by taking too large a Dose of Opium Sometimes a Lethargy arises from Narcotick Particles begotten in the Body Even as Convulsions from a nitro-sulphureous or explosive matter What things belong to the Theory of the Lethargy Its symptoms The chief of which are a sleepiness and oblivion By what means the other faculties of the Soul to wit the knowing desiring and locomotive are affected The evil of the Disease reaches also to the Cerebel Hence breathing is often hurt or altered This proceeds not from the Inflammation of the Midriff From whence the Lethargick Feaver Not from Phlegm putrifying in the Brain Nor is the former always the cause of it in the Lethargy Lib. de Morb. Convuls Cap. viij p. 96. More often the effect of this Disease proceeds from the Organical Circulation of the Blood being hindred or altered How none dyes without a Feaver The Prognostick of the Lethargy When the Disease is desperate When it is only so When some hope may be conceived From whence more hope may be had Whence more of hope than of fear A red Swelling coming upon a Lethargy sometimes cures it Lib. 9. of Convulsive Diseases The Cure of the Lethargy Phlebotomy almost always necessary Outward Administrations Internal Rememedies Iulep Spirits A Powder A Vomit or Purge How they are indicated When to be avoided Starification Catharticks Erthines Sneezing Powders and Apophlegmatisms c. A Blistering applyed to the Forepart of the Head very much helps The first History The reason of this A second History The third History The Cure described Sleepy Diseases do not arise by reason of the Ventricles of the Brain being filled with water The ends or limits of the Lithargy as to the places distempered are constituted Some sleepy Distempers lesser than that viz. Sleepiness and the Coma The Caros is greater than it Continual Sleepiness described It s Seat assigned In what respect it differs both from the Lethargy and the Coma. The conjunct cause of Sleepiness What the deluge or Anasarca of the Cortical part of the Brain is To which happen an heaping up or as it were a stagnation of the Blood about the compass of the Brain Also a Torpor or Sleepiness of the Spirits The Cure of Somnolency An History The 〈…〉 Sick 〈◊〉 The sleepy Coma. The reason of it The Coma is either a primary Disease or it comes after other Distempers The Cure of it when it is a Disease of it self The Cure of the Coma as it is the symptom of another Disease In Lib. Of Convulsive Diseases Chap. viij 3 Of the Caros How it differs from the Lethargy and the Apoplexy The Seat of the Caros is a little deeper in the Brain than that of the Lethargy It s Conjunct Cause The Caros is either a primary Disease or it cometh upon other Distempers The Prognostick of the Carus The event of this Disease is various sometimes it passes into an Apoplexy Sometimes into the Palsie It s Care is the same with the Lethargy and the Apoplexy The first History Another History Long Waking is either the symptom of other Diseases or else is a Disease of it self The cause of natural Waking consists in the restlessness of the Spirits and the openness of the Cortical part of the Brain In like manner also preternatural Watching depends upon one or both The former means described by shewing how many ways the unquiet or elastick Spirits stir up long waking First Because being recalled for Sleep into the middle part of the Brain they grow tumultuous Secondly Because being called back into the nervous Stock they impetuously leap forth And so either into the interior Nerves serving the Praecordia and Viscera Or into the Spinal Marrow and the exterior Nerves The causes of the aforesaid Distempers assigned The Cure of them declared The second sort of thorow or long waking arising both from the too much openness of the Brain and from the unquietness of the Spirits its foreleading Cause Which also causes waking in Melancholick People For the same reason Coffee causes waking An History shewing an example of this Disease A description of the waking Coma The cause of this Distemper shewn It is more often a symptom of other Distempers than a Disease of it self The Seat of the Incubus is in the Cerebel A Description of it It most often proceeds from natural causes The Seat of this is falsly placed in the Brain The Praecordia truly labour The cause doth not stick partly in the Brain and partly in the Breast The next cause of this is the hindrance of the inflowing of the Spirits to the Praecordia This not in the Parts affected Nor in the Nerves themselves But happens in the Cerebel where the first Spring of the Spirits is From whence the sense of the Weight proceeds Whence loss of motion proceeds Wherefore the fit being so grievous is so soon ended without leaving any evil Whence after the Fit the tremblings of the Heart and the Praecordia The Incubus of it self rarely dangerous The Prognostick of the Incubus The Event of it is shewn It s Cure Infants and Boys obnoxious to this Disease how they ought to be handled The Stat of the Vertigo A Description of it The Causes and the Manner of the non-natural Vertigo The Reasons of them shewn Why looking down from on high and passing over Bridges cause a turning round in the Head How Drunkenness A perturbation of the Spirits in the Brain and a revocation of them from their flowing into the Nerves depend mutually on one another From what causes the preternatural Vertigo is wont to be excited Sometimes the Vertigo is a symptom of other Cephalick Diseases Sometimes it is excited by reason of the Distemper of other distant parts viz. from the stomach spleen c. and so by two means 1. Either by reason of the Flood of the Blood being kept back 2 Or by reason of an inordinate recourse or flowing back of the Spirits towards the Brain Not by reason of vapours elevated from these parts is it excited The immediate Subject of the Vertigo is the Animal Spirits The mediate the Callous Body It s formal reason It s Conjunct Cause 1 From the perturbation of the Spirits 2 From their ways or passages being obstructed This is seen by things helpful and hurtful The more remote foregoing cause of the Vertigo consists both in the vice of the Bloud and of the Brain The Reason of the former explained The vices of the Brain noted The differences of this Disease It s Prognostick The Cure of the Vertigo There are three chief intentions of healing 1 To take away the root or feeding of the Disease 2 To remove the procatartick causes 3 To take away the Conjunct Cause The Curatory Method as shewn Why vomiting Medicines are so much noted in this and other Diseases of the Head What is to be done out of the Fit for prevention sake Electuary A
Brain may be prevented and also that what is already impacted may be discussed or taken away Further the Animal Spirits ought to be rouzed up or excited and all sleepiness or stupidity shaken from them For this end ought to be applied Purging Blood-letting Cupping-glasses Blistering Plasters repelling and discussing Topicks and Cephalick Medicines to be given and chiefly such as are impregnated with a Volatile Salt and many other means of administrations already recited But if this Disease coming upon other Distempers happens to a person whose Body is already much worn out the Blood vitiated or greatly depauperated you must seriously deliberate before taking away of Blood or Purging yea also abstain very much from them Yet sometimes that the Conjunct Cause or matter of the Disease impacted in the Brain may be put into motion it may be expedient to take away Blood moderately either from the Forehead or Temples by Leeches or from between the Shoulders by Cupping-glasses and Scarification Here Blistering Plasters are in chief esteem to be applied not only to the hinder part of the Neck or Head but to the Legs and Arms and other parts of the body by turns Further let there be given frequently the Spirits of Harts-horn of Sut of Sal Armoniack Amber or a Mans Scull Coral and others impregnated with other Cephalicks with a Iulep or any other proper Liquor The forms or Receipts of these and of other Remedies used in these cases together with the Histories of the sick and examples of Cures are extant in the description of the aforesaid soporiferous Feavor so that there is no need to inculcate here again the same or such like There yet remains an other sleepy Distemper or kind of Lethargy or continual sleeping commonly called Carus which is greater than the Lethargy and somewhat lesser than the Apoplexy and is so near akin to this that it often passes into it but yet it is wont to be differenced from either For those sick with the Carus breath well for the most part and when they are strongly pulled they move their Members sometimes lift themselves up open their Eyes and often speak which Apoplectical persons do not yet the same though excited or moved do scarcely understand any thing or plainly discern in which respect they are distinguished from such as have the Lethargy From these it appears that the Conjunct Cause of the Carus doth penetrate deeper towards the middle part of the Brain and hath its seat in the outmost border at least of the Callous Body wherefore the Animal Spirits being restrained from their wonted expansion within this Emporium the acts of the Imagination and Memory cease and although the Species being impressed from a more strong sensible is directed inwards and oftentimes the local motion is retorted to it yet because this impression reaches not to the Callous Body by reason the Spirits are there amazed or stupefied the sick know nothing what they feel or do The Conjunct Cause of this Disease therefore is very often the same but somewhat more strong than that of the Somnolency Coma and Lethargy The Morbific Matter is seen to possess both the Cortex of the Brain and the Marrow lying under and being carried forward some greater bosoms of the middle part and the upper borders of the Callous body yea sometimes as this matter is partly carried forward by degrees these Diseases arise and every next is but the augmentation of the former But sometimes the Morbific Cause without any gradual progress thorow these parts affects the middle part of the Brain at the first assault and there as it is more lightly or more deeply placed causes the Carus or the Apoplexy In which case it is not to be thought that the whole compass of the Callous Body like the Cortical part of the Brain should be possessed by the soporiferous matter because it is sufficient this matter rushing into any one place and invading some part of the middle Marrow that presently for that reason an Eclipse or at least a beating down of the Spirits follows in all that region After this manner it is wont to be when the Carus comes upon a malignant or ill handled Feavour or upon the Headach or some Convulsive Distempers or when it is excited by a blow on the Head or by a fall or by reason of an Imposthum broken in the Meninges for by reason of these accidents the interior Marrow of the Brain is wont to be so pressed together shaken or otherways altered that presently the tracts or paths of the Spirits are obliterated or blotted out The prognostick of the Carus for the most part is but evil especially if this Disease comes upon a malignant or a long continued a gentle and not Cured Feavour or on a Woman in Childbed no less danger is also threatned if it follows after other Cephalick Diseases or is excited by reason of a Wound in the Head but yet in these cases all hope of Cure is not presently to be cast off for I my self have observed some sick after this manner and esteemed desperate or past all hope to have recovered The event of this Disease is wont to be various either in Death or in health The Carus passes not rarely into a soon killing Apoplexy that after first the animadvertive faculty being lost with a short breathing and without motion then by reason of the evil being transmitted to the Cerebel there follow alterations of breathing and the Pulse and quickly death it self But sometimes the Morbific Matter setling more deeply and falling from the Callous Body into the streaked Body one or both together the Brain clears up a little so that the sick look about them talk and know things yet in the whole body besides a Palsie or Dead-Palsie on one side follows but so that life is not out of danger for oftentimes when the Brain begins to be restored the Cerebel grows worse that for that cause the Spirits there being evilly disposed or affected which perform the offices of the vital function and merely natural either Convulsions are stirred up in the Bowels and Precordia or deadly impediments of the Pulse and respiration yet sometimes when the Morbific matter is not so plentiful nor very malignant it is partly supped up into the Blood and partly shook off so that the sick grow perfectly well again The Curatory Method suggests the same intentions of Healing and requires wholly the same Remedies as those which are wont to be administred in the Lethargy and the Apoplexy Wherefore there will be no need to add here a company of Indications nor to heap together a great pile of Medicines But what seems more to the purpose that I give you one or two Histories of sick people of which I have many by me A known person of about forty years of Age who having through Intempernace lost his health took I know not what Medicines
finds to be greatly disturbed and wandring up and down but the mediate subject are those parts of the Brain in which the Imagination and common sense reside and whence the next way lies into the nervous Stock These are the Callous and streaked bodies For indeed the Animal Spirits love to expatiate themselves and to he expanded or stretched forth on every side within these medullary places as in a most ample Field and pleasant Garden wherefore like beams of light with a full and streight ray they pass thorow all the Pores and most thick passages of the marrow hence it is that whilst they gently flow in one line from the outmost border of the Callous body to wit from the streaked bodies and turnings and windings of the Brain towards its middle part they represent pleasant imaginations and phantasies and whilst in another line they flow forth perhaps thorow other passages from the middle of the Callous body into the infoldings or windings about of the Brain they transferr thither signets or marks of notions for the Memory and then whilst they tend into the streaked bodies and the beginnings of the Nerves they actuate all the moving parts and carry to them as often as there is occasion the instincts of the motions they are to perform But in the Vertigo these equal emanations of the Spirits as it were rays of light seem to be intercepted and diversly perverted in various places because some bands or handfuls of the Spirits are obscured others are bended another way and moved hither and thither into turnings round and whirling about and oftentimes snatched transverse or cross one another Wherefore confused phantasms wandring and inconstant images or actions of sensible things are represented in the Brain by reason of the Spirits so disturbed Then forasmuch as the irradiation into the nervous stock is lessened or hindred a dizziness and failing of the motive function follows If that we should yet further inquire into what hinders or obstructs the ways whereby the Spirits are compelled thus to go aside or tumultuate within the Brain it seems probable that these inordinations of theirs do depend upon a two sold cause viz. first that certain fierce and extraneous Particles being entred deeply into the Brain together with the nervous Juice stick close to the spirits and move them into enormous motions but this as appears from common experience happens to every one on the immoderate drinking of Wine or Strong-waters or the unaccustomed taking of Tobacco by the eating of some Vegetables or being anointed with Mercury for that some Heterogeneous bodies and infestous to the Spirits follow them and are snatched with them even to the middle part of the Brain why may not such kind of Morbific particles and Vertiginous be supplied from the Blood and other humors very much vitiated and insinuated into the inmost conclave of the Brain Then secondly we may suspect that when the serous foulness doth by degrees creep forward with the nervous Juice and at length penetrated deeply that it doth contaminate these pure marrows and greatly stuff up its Pores so that the Animal Spirits do not shine or beam forth with a clear and full light but with a weak broken and as it were with many shadows mingled or interspersed with it In an habitual Vertigo and inveterate it seems to be plain that the Conjunct Cause doth contain both these from the proof and that not light taken from things that are hurtful and helpful For I have observed in many that this affection or Distemper hath been altered much for the worse or for the better upon two occasions for whatsoever things being inwardly taken that beget turgid particles and apt to grow too hot and rageing as Wine Strong-waters spiced pepper'd and flatulous or windy food always hurt those troubled with the Vertigo and for the same occasions no less hurtful are those things by which the brain is filled and more stuffed as Surfeits sleeping at Noon or overlong in the Morning the Southern wind a cloudy thick and moist air a low and watry habitation on the contrary the same persons are much helped as they easily perceive by a slender and light dyet also by a clear air and an open soil where the wind has a thorow passage Thus much concerning the subject the formal reason and the conjunct cause of the Vertigo now in the next place let us inquire into its Procatartick or more remote leading cause by reason of whose morbid provision or predisposition these two evils are wont to be induced on the spirits inhabiting the middle part of the Brain But here we apprehend both the Brain it self with the watering Liquor and also the Blood with its infected humors to be in fault The vice of this is most often that it turns from its right temper into a sour acid and otherways vicious disposition and being degenerate perverts the nourishing Juice and also gathers in its bosom a Serum and filthiness of diverse kinds which it is ready to pour forth into the Head But there are many evident causes to wit an evil dyet and errors in the non-naturals also the Scurvy a long or malignant Feavour and other Diseases going before by reason of which the Blood becomes so full of ill humors and so hurtful to the Head In the mean time the crime of the Brain is for that its temper is humid and weak its frame loose and infirm with its Pores too much open and gapeing more than they ought so that all the heterogeneous strange and elastick Particles together with the serous or otherways diseased recrements being poured forth from the Blood into the Head are easily admitted into the Brain together with the nervous Juice and because of its more open Pores fall down without any let or stop into the middle part viz. the Callous and streaked Bodies This kind of too dissolute or loose habit of the brain is in some innate and originally further those who are of a tender constitution to wit delicate soft and luxurious Men and Women whose spirits are not able to suffer any thing strongly easily contract a Vertiginons Distemper or rather increase it to wit because when the spirits of the Brain cannot resist the incursions of strangers they give way to every matter that is drove to them but in others though strong inordinate feeding a sedentary life frequent surfeiting also intemperate sleep and study an inveterate Scurvey evil gross humors a long â—eavour and other diseases of the Head do very often cause this kind of evil disposition of the Brain From what hath been said the differences of this Disease are easily gathered for that I may pass by what we but now mentioned that it was either a primary Distemper of it self or secondary arising or depending upon others further we noted that the primary Vertigo so it were light and not deeply rooted was only troublesome with fits excited from an
swelled up with too much heat or being pregnant with an invenomed matter is the parent of the Delirium forasmuch as it insinuates into the Pores and passages of the Brain either fierce and untameable particles or such as are malignant and deadly to the Animal regiment First As to the first in the fits of intermitting and in the height of continual Feavours the blood growing hot by an immoderate burning sometimes stirs up the Delirium by the mere force of its Ebullition or boiling up to wit for that it swelling up very much whilst it passes thorow the small shoots of the Arteries every where diffused thorow the outward compass of the Brain it very much blows them up and distends them and so pressing together the substance of the Brain variously drives in the Spirits and as it were compells them into very confused troops Moreover from the blood so swelling up with a frothy rarefaction the Effluvia's of heat and with them heterogeneous particles entring into the Pores and passages of the Brain agitate the Spirits and tumultuously snatch them hither and thither Secondly Almost for the like reason Drunkenness a deep Sleep or a Delirium is brought in to wit forasmuch as the bloody mass doth insinuate the spirituous particles of the Wine by which it grows hot into the Pores and passages of the Brain by which the Spirits dwelling in them are either plainly overturned or are moved into inordinate and confused motions For that the untameable little Bodies of Wine or Beer plentifully drunk open the shut places of any Brain how sound and firm soever it be and penetrating deeply into the Marrowy passages disturb and plainly overturn the Acts both of reason and of the imagination Thirdly The blood suggesting not only feavourish and turgid or vinous and untameable particles but sometimes malignant and as it were venomous to the Animal regiment stirs up a Delirium either with or without a Feavour As to the former in the Plague Small Pox malignant Feavours although the heat be but moderate the malignant matter being translated to the Brain because it dissipates a great company of Spirits rather than that it drives them into tumults brings forth abrupt incoherent and at length distracted notions For the like reason also some intoxicating and venomous things taken inwardly and as some affirm outwardly applied quickly cause a Delirium This is commonly reported of the furious night-shade Mandrakes and some other plants as for the roots of wild Parsnips the thing is very well known A certain intimate friend of mine told me and he was a Man that might be credited and also very learned That he entring into the House of a certain Gentleman found the Mistress of the Family her Daughters and all her Maids excepting one become all at once Delirious and speaking absurd and incongruous speeches run up and down and leaped about the House and for that he plainly thought them all mad he learnt of the sober Maid who had her reason and was her self that all that had happened from their eating of Parsnips which she had not tasted Which indeed the event shewed to be true for after they had tired themselves and fallen to sleep they all at length awakned sober We have not here leasure to examine whether this or other kinds of intoxicating things infestous rather to the animal government than the vital do communicate to the Brain their evil by the passage only of the Blood or also in some measure by a contact of the spirits residing in the Ventricle But moreover we advertise you that sometimes a Delirium is excited from a want and great dissipation of the Animal Spirits because their series or orders being kroken off and drawn one from another like as if they were tumultuarily heaped together cause confused and incongruous notions Hence it is observed that some have become Delirious by great Haemorrhagies or long watchings and excessive want of Food for this reason many are wont to die delirious and talking idly There remains the other kind of Delirium in which the Blood being faultless the Animal Spirits flowing some where in the nervous flock first enter into disorder then the same affection creeping thorow the nervous passages to the Brain stirs up the Spirits inhabiting its middle part into a Delirium This is sufficiently obvious in the passions that are called Hysterical to wit after a swelling up of the Belly and an oppression of the Heart doth succeed sometimes a lying speechless sometimes a talking idly with weeping and laughing In like manner I have observed in a most cruel Colick that sometimes after great torments about the Bowels and the Loins they have fallen into a Delirium then a little after this ceasing the torments have returned I knew a young Maid as we have somewhere else mentioned from the taking of an Emerick Potion whilst it worked was wont constantly to fall into a Delirium I have also often noted that a Gangrene beginning in some external member has caused a Delirium And this in a Wound or Ulcer is ordinarily noted for a mortal sign because it denotes the Animal Spirits in the distemper'd part to be slain Nor doth this symptom coming upon those who are long sick and almost worn out give any better prognostick in the fits of intermitting Feavours it is almost ever safe but in continual Feavours dubious and of something a suspected event in malignant it more often fore-speaks evil in Convulsive Diseases the first assaults of a Delirium for the most part are free from danger but yet its frequent coming frequently turns that disposition into a Carus Apoplexy or Palsie This Distemper as often as it is seen to be safe enough requires not a Cure for the fit quickly and easily passes over yet because some who have a loose and weak Brain and the Animal Spirits too easily dissipable and apt to flight and confusion being disturbed by any light occasion are wont presently to grow Delirious and to talk idly therefore there is need of Medicine for these not only of Hellebore but also Cephalick Remedies which may strengthen the Brain and fortifie it against the incursions of the Morbific matter also which may fortifie the Animal Spirits and render them more fixt and strong for resisting We have above described the forms of these kind of Medicines and their manner of administration which are profitable for the taking away the foregoing cause of any other Cephalick Disease A Delirium coming upon continual and malignant Feavours requires a peculiar was of healing for in the first place it shews the morbific matter dangerously translated towards the Head and therefore ought to he called back from thence by any means for which end may be laid Plasters that draw blisters to the hinder part of the Neck other Plasters or Pultisses or the flesh of living Creatures or their warm bowels to the feet inwardly may be taken temperate Cephalicks
as Powder of Coral and Pearl black Cherry Water or Water of Cowslip Flowers or Poppy Water and others sweetning and cherishing the spirits These being thus premised concerning the first and most light manner of foolishness or talking idly we will proceed to its higher degree viz. the Phrensie which is far longer and more durable than the former Distemper In the Delirium a perturbation of the Spirits inhabiting of the Brain being excited is like a waving of waters from a stone flung into a River but in a Phrensie their commotion seems as it were the storm of waters raging in a tempest The Phrensie is defined to be a continual dotage or deprivation of the principal faculties of the Brain arising from an Inflammation of the Meninges with a continual Feavour To this Disease there is another of kin viz. the Paraphrensie commonly called or additional Phrensie whose cause is not an inflammation of the Membranes which cover the Head but as they affirm of the Diaphragma Further in either Distemper as also in the Pleurisie but falsly it is affirmed that the Feavour doth arise as it were only symptomatical from the same conjunct cause viz. from the Inflammation of some part But indeed that the Phrensie doth rather succeed the Feavour and is produced because the boiling blood doth transfer its adust or burnt recrements to the Head Hippocrates long since and now every common body observes to wit for that the Urine of one sick of a Feavour being changed from a troubled and thick into a thin and waterish Urine shews a Phrensie at hand Wherefore from hence the cause of this Distemper is concluded to be a translation of the Feavourish matter into the Brain But as to the conjunct causes of the Phrensie and Paraphrenesis we may easily shew that the former doth not always proceed from the Inflammation of the Meninges nor this latter from the Inflammation of the Midriff I have often seen in Anatomical Dissections the Meninges yea sometimes also the exterior compass of the Brain beset with an inflamed tumor and the sick not distemper'd with a Phrensie but on the contrary with a stupidity and have dyed with a Carus or some other sleepy Diseases And truly that it is so reason plainly declares for the Meninges being inflamed and by that made more tumid press together the Brain very much and about its compass shut up the ways and passages of the Spirits so that the functions of waking and memory being hindred the Lethargy as it appears de facto necessarily follows Nothwithstanding far otherways in the Phrensie all the passages and Pores of the Brain for the excursions of the Spirits seem to be too largely open because the Images hidden or laid up are raised all at once out of the utmost and all the places of the memory which together with others suggested from the Phantasie to the common sensory tumultuously bring forth such manifold and highly confused notions There is only wanting to the sensitive soul for its expansion to be straitned or loosened within the Head which certainly the inflammation of the Meninges would effect rather than that it should be dilated above measure and that all the Pores of the Brain should be unlocked and carried beyond its wonted compass Perhaps it may happen from a long continuance of this Disease that the Blood being greatly heaped up within the Vessels of the Meninges and there stagnating that it may at length bring forth an Inflammation in them and then for that reason we may suspect because it often so falls out that the Phrensie doth pass into the Carus or Lethargy of which phrensical persons often dye No less do we reject the Inflammation of the Diaphragma which cause of the Paraphrenesis Galen in times past and moved by this authority most Physicians in every age since asserted Anatomical observations plainly prove the contrary Some time since dissecting the dead Carcase of a Maid dying of a sudden Leipothymy or swooning away we found in the fleshy part of the Diaphragma a great Imposthume with a bag full of filthy matter and watery little bladders yet she was not troubled ever with a Delirium or Phrensie Some time since also when we had made an Anatomical Inspection of a Gentleman of the University of whom we have made mention in a late Tract who dyed of a long spurious Pleurisie it manifestly appeared that a great Imposthume being ripened in the Pleura and the intercostal Muscles and broke inwardly that a vast plenty of matter had flowed forth into the cavity of the Thorax which gnawing the Diaphragma lying under had made a great hole in it nor was this man however in all his sickness Delirious or Frantick Wherefore I think this Distemper scarce ever to be produced from such a cause but that opinion seems to arise from hence because oftentimes in a true Phrensie together with a continual raving the motion of the Diaphragma is wont to be hindred or perverted as is gathered from the unequal and difficult breathing to wit sometimes anhelous or breathing short and as it were suspended sometimes short and swiftly repeated with sometimes a double breathing which kind of symptoms and also at the same time the alienation of the mind are said to proceed from the Midriff being inflamed and for that reason convulsed wherefore the Ancients called the Diphragma Phrenes But there was no need for this if they had consider'd that the whole action of the Diaphragma doth depend upon the flowing forth of the Animal Spirits from the Cerebel and therefore there is a necessity if the Phrenetick matter invading the Brain some part of it should with it rush into the Cerebel that besides the raving the motion also of the Midriff though of it self innocent should be altered as we have shewed elsewhere more largely Therefore the formal reason of the Phrensie seems to consist in this that the Animal Spirits being at first very much irritated in the whole Brain are driven into inordinate very confused and also impetuous motions so that the acts of every Animal Function are depraved and variously perverted and at the same time very many Ideas of things being raised up out of the memory the old are confounded with the new and some evilly joined or wonderfully divided are confounded with others the imagination suggests manifold Phantasms and almost innumerable and all of them only incongruous and the common sensory represents the images of sensible things distorted double or incoherent that hence the mind and the will choose or pick out nothing but ridiculous and impertinent conceptions and passions and cause the actions of the body to become almost only irregular Moreover the spirits being struck as it were with madness tumultuate not only in the Brain but also in the Cerebel and every where in the nervous Stock wherefore Frantick people not only talk idly but breath unequally speak aloud strike with their fists fling about their hands
and too much inflamed afterwards burning forth get to themselves Saline Particles and so in like matter get a most sharp and as it were a Stygian nature wherefore the Feavour then ceasing the Fury becomes fixed and continual 2. The disposition of Madness hath no less frequently its roots in the bloody Mass and is at length produced into act to wit when as the Blood being depraved and becomes Nitro-sulphureous it either perverts the nervous Liquor as also the Animal Spirits or supplies them but evilly Which kind of taint of the Blood is either hereditary or acquired First It is a common observation that men born of Parents that use sometimes to be mad are obnoxious to the same disease and though they have lived above thirty or forty years prudent and sober yet afterwards without any occasion or evident cause they have fallen into Madness The reason of which is for that the Blood at that time bending from its due temper by degrees into a Nitro sulphureous affords to the Head Animal Spirits and also the nervous juice participating as hath been said of a most sharp nature We have formerly shewn that in our Complexion Elementary Particles do persist during life apart from the secondary afforded by nutrition and have their times of crudity maturity and defection wherefore we suppose the morbid seeds do ripen into fruit according to the periods of Ages Further we take notice that oftentimes the fruits of Diseases of this kind do remain ripening for a long time or perpetually as long as life yet sometimes falling off as it were of their own accord do wither away then sometimes in another tract of time from the infection being left new fruits do spring up and by little and little rise up to their height Wherefore Hereditary Madness is sometimes continual and sometimes intermitting Its fits are wont sometimes to come again after a shorter time and sometimes after a longer interval Secondly As the foregoing Cause of Madness sticking in the Blood is oftentimes innate or original so sometimes the same is by degrees begotten either by an evil manner of diet or by the suppression of usual evacuations or by reason of a Feavour going before or for some other causes and at length being brought to maturity breaks forth into Madness It is an usual thing in great want of sustenance that some poor people being constrained to feed only on very disagreeing meats and of ill digestion become at first sad with an horrid aspect louring and dark and a little after Mad. The Haemorrhoids and the after flowings of Women in Child-bed being restrained in their flux or some evil and foul running Ulcers being suppressed dispose some towards this Disease Further those who originally or by acquisition are indued with a more sharp temper and with fierce manners and threatning countenance by reason of the dispositition of their Blood being nigh to a Nitro-sulphur are in danger to fall into Madness from some strong evident cause Thirdly Venomous Ferments being insinuated to the Blood and nervous juice as first of all from the biting of mad Animals or by the taking of some poisons are wont to stir up Madness Concerning the reasons of the former we have proposed our conjectures in another place Of late a very Noble Lady and to be credited told me from her own knowledge that a certain Gentleman having eaten at dinner time the tender leaves of Wolfs-bane in a Sallad with other herbs in the Evening found himself ill and complaining of a great unquietness and agitation of his Blood and Spirits he desired his Friends to send for a Chirurgeon to let him blood or that otherwise he should grow Mad which indeed as he said came to pass for before he could be let blood he fell into Madness and dyed in a nights space This kind of deadly Distemper so suddenly happened for that this poison had not only perverted the Blood and Animal Spirits as to their temper but had slain or beat them down immediately with its malignant Ferment Thus much for the formal Reason and Causes of Madness The primary Symptoms of it we have mentioned to be a Delirium and a Fiâ—ry the reasons of which appear clear enough from what has been already said To these we may moreover add Boldness Strength and that they are still unwearied with any labours and suffer pains unhurt of which we will speak briefly Mad-men are not as Melancholicks sad and fearful but audacious and very confident so that they shun almost no dangers and attempt all the most difficult things that are The reason of which is because the Animal Spirits being very fierce and provoked both fortifie the Imagination that no object may seem greater or bigger than it is wont to be and actuate also the Praecordia with vigor so that they cast forth the Blood strongly and swiftly and drive it forwards lively to the utmost borders of the Body In this Distemper the Soul endeavours to be carried forth and to lâ—ap beyond the compass or sphere of the Body and so striving on every side against the incursions of any exterior things bears it self without fear Secondly Mad-men are still strong and robust to a prodigy so that they can break cords and chains break down doors or walls one easily overthrows many endeavouring to hold him The certain cause of which is because in the Blood and nervous juice of Mad people are contained Particles as it were Nitro sulphureous or otherways most sharp and as it were Stygian from whence the Animal Spirits are indued or are strong with an Elastick or Explosive force stupendous great and far beyond what 's natural Thirdly it is observed that Mad men are almost never tired for although by playing mad pranks and striving many days and nights they strongly exercise their members and live in the mean time without sleep or eating yet they scarce languish at all nor desist from their agonies for want of strength Which without doubt comes to pass for that the Animal Spirits though very moveable and Elastick are not however volatile and easily dissipable but by reason of the Saline Particles being depressed from their volatileness into a flux being joined with the Sulphureous become firm and more fixed and therefore continue longer in their activity In like manner as we have observed in Aqua fortis which though it be contained in a vessel that 's open perpetually sends forth very many Effluvia's and yet still retains its substance unwasted and its corrosive force otherwise than the spirit of Wine or Blood the virtue of which soon evaporates In the fourth place almost for the same reason Mad-men what ever they bear or suffer are not hurt but they bear cold heat watching fasting strokes and wounds without any sensible hurt to wit because the spirits being strong and fixed are neither daunted nor fly away Further the blood having gotten a Nitro sulphureous
Dyscrasie is incapable of any other sudden mutation wherefore although insensible transpiration be hindred and other usual evacuations suppressed or the supplies of the nourishing juice degenerated yet neither a Catarrh nor Feavour nor Atrophy or evil digestion easily comes upon Madness For in this Distemper although the Particles of the Blood do greatly swell up yet by reason of the abundance of Salt they do not conceive a Feavourish burning Even as also Aqua fortis though it grows very hot and burns other subjects yet it self is not at all inflamed but rather resists burning The differences of this Disease are easily gathered from what hath been before said for first as to its beginning it is either occasional which sometimes quickly ceases the evident cause being taken away presently or habitual depending upon a foregoing cause lying in the Blood and that either hereditary or acquired Secondly by reason of the magnitude Madness is either highly furious that the distemper'd ought to be bound or lock'd up lest they should attempt any mischief to themselves or others or else it is more gentle in which the sick being conversant with others abstain from any malice or hurt Thirdly In respect of time Madness is wont to be long or short continual or intermitting Fourthly As to the various kinds of Deliriums the shapes or types of this Disease are almost innumerable all which to run thorow is neither possible nor worth the while but most commonly the distemper'd are mad alike in all things or else chiefly as to one particular thing having their judgment concerning other matters for the most part right As to the Prognostick of Madness if the distemper'd be not obnoxious to a Feavour nor any other Diseases besides nor easily hurt by external accidents the Disease is not mortal of it self yet the Cure is very difficult because there is made a great alteration in the Blood and Spirits and the sick resist every method of healing and are enemies to Physicians and to themselves If Madness be inveterate or hereditary or is caused by the biting of a Mad-Dog it is hardly or not at all to be cured What is excited upon some occasion or from a solitary evident cause or succeeds a Feavour also upon which comes a Manginess Whelks the Haemorrhoids or spots in the skin is easily cured Those who are obnoxious to this Disease at intervals about Midsummer or when the Dog Star arises are in greatest danger also those who are altered according to the changes of the Air or when long cold and foul weather are opposite in the constitution of the Heaven As there are two kinds of Madness to wit Continual and Intermitting so the means of healing ought to be twofold 1. The Curatory method to be administer'd as to continual Madness suggests the commonly noted three primary Indications viz. The first Curatory which respecting the Disease it self endeavours to correct or allay the furies and exorbitances of the Animal Spirits Secondly Preservatory which being levelled against the causes of the Disease endeavours to take away or amend the sharp and Nitro-sulphureous Dyscrasies of the nervous Juice and the Blood as also the Stygian disposition of the Spirits Thirdly Vital which directs such a means of dyet and restraint which is only fit in this Disease for the nutritive and vital function to have and be sustained with The first Indication viz. Curatory requires threatnings bonds or strokes as well as Physick For the Mad-man being placed in a House convenient for the business must be so handled both by the Physician and also by the Servants that are prudent that he may be in some manner kept in either by warnings chiding or punishments inflicted on him to his duty or his behaviour or manners And indeed for the curing of Mad people there is nothing more effectual or necessary than their reverence or standing in awe of such as they think their Tormentors For by this means the Corporeal Soul being in some measure depressed and restrained is compell'd to remit its pride and fierceness and so afterwards by degrees grows more mild and returns in order Wherefore Furious Mad-men are sooner and more certainly cured by punishments and hard usage in a strait room than by Physick or Medicines But yet a course of Physick ought to be instituted besides which may suppress or cast down the Elation of the Corporeal Soul Wherefore in this Disease Blood-letting Vomits or very strong Purges and boldly and rashly given are most often convenient which indeed appears manifest because Empericks only with this kind of Physick together with a more severe government and discipline do not seldom most happily cure Mad folks But indeed this more sharp handling is not convenient for all Mad people but to the most furious Others more remissly Mad are healed often with Flatteries and with more gentle Physick In most Mad folks the taking away of Blood copiously ought to be in the beginning of the Disease as it is the common practice and vogue of the people And indeed while there is strength the opening a vein ought to be repeated sometimes in the Arm sometimes in the Neck Vein Forehead or Foot and sometimes it is expedient for the Hemorrhoidal Vessels to be opened by Leeches for these evacuations being timely made both the raging of the Spirits and the lifting up of the Soul are best of all suppressed then besides the Dyscrasies or evil habits of the Blood for that what was sharp and Corrosive in it being drawn forth a new and gentler comes in its place are amended That Vomiting Medicines are highly profitable for the curing of Mad people it is almost a Proverb so that the most part of Hellebore yea almost all Anticyra is allotted to them By what means Emeticks do often help in Cephalick Diseases we have shown already Quack-salvers in this case give with success many times though rashly and with danger a large Dose of Stibium But Chymical things are here more convenient both because they move more strongly and because also the sick may be more easily deceived by them Take of the Sulphur of Antimony eight grains to ten of the Cream of Tartar half a scruples mix them together by pounding them make a Powder let it be given in a spoonful of grewel or if it be to be given deceitfully to one not knowing of it let it be put into a bit of white Bread and so let it be taken in Milk or Broth. Let this Vomiting Medicine be often repeated to wit once in four days Take six or seven grains of Mercurius Vitae let a Powder be made and given after the same manner The Emetick Tartar of Mynsicht and of Hercules Bovius and other various preparations of Mercury may be given after the same manner Aurum vitae or the Solar Precipitate also the Lunar Precipitate are esteemed by Chymists for specifick Remedies against madness and indeed
the Loins yet as often as they are repeated in the same sick person they mostly observe the same nest For the unfolding the Aetiology of this Disease it is not enough to affirm that the Intestines are pulled either by their sharp contents or irritated by the Blood and other humors poured into them and breaking the continuity For as to the former it is extreamly improbable that the Bile or Choler or Phlegm or the Pancreatick Juice or any other simple humor or growing hot or fermenting with others should be able to excite such fixed cruel and long continuing pains Besides because the Intestines being besmeared with their own dung cannot be easily pricked by the Contents though sharp nor are they wont to be exasperated by them insomuch that the sharpest stools which oftentimes fetch off the skin at the Fundament very little trouble or not at all the passages of the Guts further these being grievously provoked whatever is troublesome contained in their cavity is easily shaken forth and either by driving it forward upwards or downwards is quickly thrust forth as is plainly perceived in the Disease of the Choler and other Dysentrick Distempers nor indeed is there almost any loading of these provoking the Membranes and stirring up pains which may not be exterminated or carried forth of doors by one purge or other Then secondly as to what respects the suffusions of the Blood or Serum within the coats of the Intestines by which an Inflammation or painful Tumors are excited Indeed we grant that sometimes it may so come to pass yea I have known it by ocular inspection but from thence we have observed not the Colick but the Iliack passion to have been excited For when I have opened several dying of the Iliack passion I found almost in all that the cause of the Disease and of their Death was an Inflammation or Ulcer of some Intestine neither is this any wonder because a Solution of the continuity in a very tender and highly sensible Membrance doth stir up Convulsions and painful Corrugations or wrinklings together and so continual and cruel that therefore the Peristaltick motion of the distempered Intestine whereby the dung or dregs of the Belly are carried forward toward the Anum or Arse-Gut should be hindred and wholly inverted Therefore that we may thorowly inquire out both the Matter and Mine as also the seats and the ways of flowing to them of this Disease of the Colick by some other means it may deservedly be suspected that it is the nervous Juice and its Recrements and that the rather because this passion hath so intimate an agreement or consent with the other Distempers of the Brain and the nervous Stock as we have already shewed Charles Piso hath affirmed That as most distempers of the whole Body so also the pains of the Colick are excited by a Serous heap or deluge gathered together in the head and he contends that the seat of this Disease is neither in the coats nor cavities of the Intestines but in the Peritonaum or inner rim of the Belly and that the cause sticks wholly in the Brain near the original of the Nerves To wit he supposes which he saith he hath found by Anatomical observation The serosities laid up in the hinder region of the Brain to beset the little heads of the Nerves of the wandring pair and so some of the utmost branches and shoots of them inserted into the Peritonaeum or inner rim of the Belly by the Caul to move into Convulsions and from the contraction or drawing together of this most cruel pains both in it and in the underlying Viscera as it were breaking them to pieces to be excited For the proof of this opinion he brings an example of a certain man dissected being dead of a most grievous fit of the Colick in whom the hinder region of the head near the Cerebel was so much drowned with a clear water as also the nervous original of the wandring pair that the marrowy substance appeared very much moistened like wet Paper Sect. 4. Chap. 2. But indeed though we should grant that the Colick should arise from the humor of the Brain and from the default of that watering the nervous parts yet we think that this painful passion is excited not after that manner as this Author has laid down Because we think neither the seat of this Disease to subsist in the Peritonaeum nor its primary cause to be within the head For as to this although the Morbifick matter being heaped up in the head near the origine of the Nerves doth sometimes produce in the parts at a great distance Numnesses Cramps and Convulsive motions as we have elsewhere shewn by many instances with the reasons of the Distemper yet it is much otherwise in a very cruel pain such as the Colick is wont to be For as to this being excited which always proceeds from a breach of the continuity it is required that the dolorifick cause or improportionate object should be fixed in the distemper'd member itself or at least a certain part or portion of it Neither is it sufficient to say that the Convulsion proceeds from a remote cause and so the pain from the Convulsions For although pain oftentimes doth produce Convulsive motions yet these do not produce pain of themselves at least great and continuing long Wherefore in the pain of the Colick the matter drawing asunder the sensitive Fibres and pulling them one from another and so provoking them into painful Corrugations or wrinklings doth not still stay in the Brain but descending from thence thorow the nervous passages towards the Intestines seems to be heaped up somewhere in their neighbourhood nigh to the pained parts and there either growing turgid or swelling up by reason of their fulness or growing hot with some other humor do bring in the fits of this Disease We indeed reject the Mine of the Colick from the Peritonaeum because this Membrane being very thin and gifted but with very few and only small Vessels is neither capable of any great affluxions of Humors neither can it self though pulled together be able to urge the Viscera lying under it into pains by compressing or drawing them together But the Morbific matter being slid down from the Head by the Nerves into the Belly finds very convenient nests in the Mesentery in which very many and great Nerves have there their noted infoldings and distributions Wherefore as this part is very sensible and very much obnoxious to the flowings in of the humors of the nervous Stock it may be deservedly affirmed to be the seat of this Disease of the Colick We have shewn formerly the causes of some Convulsive motions in the Abdomen which are commonly called Hysterical to lye hid in the Mesenterick Infoldings moreover in the same places we did then assert That the Colick pains had sometimes their nests and confirmed it sufficiently by Anatomical observation But
whence the trembling of the Heart and Praecordia after the fit ibid. the Incubus of it self rarely dangerous ibid. its prognosticks 144. its Cure ibid. how infants and boys obnoxious to this Disease ought to be handled ibid. Insects appear to have fiery Souls because they want sulphurous and nitrous food 8 Instances of passion merely Physical 46 Instinct natural what it is 34. what it brings to Brutes ibid. examples of it ibid. it dictates to them what 's wholesome what not 35. leads not only to simple actions but to very complicate ones ibid. yet those always and in all of one kind only ibid. how 't is wont to be compared with acquired notions 37. and with the impressions of sensible things ibid. with habits learned from example or institution ibid. with notions learned from experience and imitation ibid. Intellect in man presides o're the imagination c. 38. and discerns its errors sublimates its notions and divests them from matter and contemplates immaterial substances judges and directs its propositions deduces from these others more sublime thoughts beholds it self by a reflected action and contemplates other things remote from sense as God c. 39. it depends upon the Phantasy 41. by reason of the various constitution of this and the Brain Souls seems unequal 42 Issues made upon or near the distemper'd place help little 119 K. ALL Knowledge from sense 57 L. LEthargy its seat the same with that of Sleep and Memory 125. its Fits are call'd by this name ibid. and the soporiferous disposition also 126. of which are various kinds ibid. its causes ibid. to 128. what things belong to its theory 129. the chiefest of its symptoms ibid. by what means the other faculties of the Soul as the knowing desiring and locomotive are affected ibid. it s evil reaches also to the cerebel ibid. hence breathing often hurt or altered ibid. which proceeds â—ot from the inflammation of the midriff ibid. its Fever from whence ibid. and 130. none dyes without one ibid. its prognosticks ibid. its cure 131 to 133. Histories ibid. its ends or limits as to the places distempered are constituted ibid. some sleepy distempers lesser than it the Caros greater ibid. Light Colours and Images the same substance 75. Light and Flame their differences 76. wherefore Light either reflected or refracted goes forward only in streight lines ib. it can pass through a Chamber in the mean time not to be perceiv'd ibid. 't is primary or secundary ibid. the differences of these 77 Lobster its Anatomy 11 12 Local motion stir'd up by the appetite 36 Love how excited 50. it and hatred transitory passions 51. its object set up like an Idol in the Phantasy and worshipped 50 Love-madness 199. reasons of its symptoms ibid. Lucid part of the Soul 22. shines diversly 31. alteration of the flamy part impressed by it 32 Lungs how differ in Birds and four footed Beasts 17. for what end perforated in Birds ibid. M. MAdness and Melancholy are a-kin 201. the subject of Madness are the Animal Spirits the disposition of which are like to Stygian Water ibid. three chief accidents in Madness which are also to be found in Stygian Water 201 202. the conjunct cause of Madness what it is ibid. the original of Madness either from the Spirits themselves or from the Blood 203. it begins from the Spirits from two occasions ibid. by what means it comes upon Melancholy 204. how upon a Phrensy ibid the original of Madness sometimes from the Blood ibid. it is either hereditary the reason of which is shown 204. or acquired and so either by reason of errors in the six non-naturals or by reason of Poysons ibid. History of a mortal Madness from eating the leaves of Wolfs-bane ibid. the reasons of the symptoms of Madness explained 205. wherefore mad-men are audacious ibid. from whence their immense strength ibid. wherefore they are never tired ibid. wherefore they are not easily hurt ibid. the differences in respect of the original magnitude and time ibid. the prognosticks ibid. the cure from the indications of continual Madness 206. the curatory indication as to discipline ibid. as to Medicines ibid. the preservatory indication consists in altering Medicines as whey c. specificks c. ibid. the vital and curatory indications 208 Melancholy its definition 188. 't is a distemper of the Brain and Heart ibid. its Examples or Types various and almost in finite ibid. 't is either universal or particular ibid. the primary Phaenomena of a melancholick Delirium and from what disposition of the Spirits they proceed ibid. as they are compared to light they are call'd opacous or full of darkness 189. these kind of Spirits in Melancholy compared to those in Chymical Liquors ibid. they are not like the Spirit of Blood as they should be nor like the Spirit of Wine for such is rather in the Phrensy ibid. but these are like acid Spirits distill'd out of Salt Vinegar Box and such like ibid. the formal reason of Melancholy aptly represented by acetous Chymical Liquors ibid. there are three chief affections of these which agree with the Animal Spirits in Melancholy 190 191. in Melancholy after the Spirits being for some time vitiated the conformation of the Brain becomes also hurt 191. in this Disease the affection of the Praecordia as to fear and sadness is delivered ibid. after what manner the corporeal Soul is affected in Melancholy and Madness ibid. the cause of either depends partly on the Blood and partly on the Animal action of the Heart ibid. the Procatartick causes of Melancholy are partly the acetous nature of the Spirits and partly the Melancholy discrasie of the Blood and the distemper begins sometimes from this sometimes from that 191 192. how it begins from the Spirits and the Animal Government 192. by what means it arises from the Blood ibid. Melancholy doth not arise from any atrabiliary humour heaped up in some pâ—ace or mine ibid. by what means according to the Ancients 't is said to arise from the Head ibid. how from the Womb ibid how from the Spleen ibid. how from the whole Body 193. the differences of this Disease in respect of its first subject and by reason of the temperament of the Sick and in respect of its next cause as it is singular or conjunct and in respect of the imagination being diversly hurt ibid. its prognosticks ibid. in the Cure the evident cause is first to be removed ibid. and herein are three primary indications first Curatory c. 193 194. secondly Preservatory c. 149 altering Medicines are here of greatest moment and not purging as the Ancients thought 196. Histories of this Disease 197. particular Melancholy is excited by reason of two sorts of affections concerning good or evil 199 Melancholick persons their imaginary Metamorphosis 200 Metamorphosis imaginary of melancholick Persons 200 Millepedes notably help in the cure of the head ach 118 N. NEmesius attributes sense and perception to corporeal Souls and farther the
well as the other Animal Functions Who are said to be Foolish or to talk idly This is either shorter as the Delirium or longer and with a Feavour called Phrensie or without a Feavour as melancholy madness stupidity What the Delirium is It s formal Reason The Causes of the Delirium 1 Either from the Blood Or 2 From exterior Spirits planted in the nervous Stock By what and how many ways the Delirium is caused by the Blood 1 By reason of its too great heat 2 By reason of untameable Particles carried from it into the Brain 3 By reason of malignant Particles suffused from it 4 By reason of Effluvias or venomous Particles obtruded also on the Brain 5 By reason of its afflux being denied to the Brain How a Delirium proceeds from the irregularities of the exterior Spirits The Prognostick of a Delirium It s Cure Of the Phrensie what it is The Paraphrenesis Their Conjunct Causes The Phrensie not from the Inflammation of the Meninges The Paraphrenesis not from the Inflammation of the Diaphragma Wherefore breathing is hurt in this Disease The formal Reason of the Phrensie This Disease proceeds from the burning of the Animal Spirits The Inflammation of the Meninges stirs up rather the inveterate Head-ach or the Lethargy than the Phrensie Prosper Martianus also asserts this Chymical Spirits in their distilling are sometimes inflamed So the Animal Spirits What the Indisposition of the Brain is to the Phrensy The Procatartick Causes of the Phrensy which are partly in the Blood and Partly in the Brain The evident causes of the Phrensie The differences of it The Prognostick The Cure of the Phrensie Phlebotomy Clysterâ— A Iulep An Apozem A Drink Hypnoticks External Medicines causing Sleep Epithems The means for the preserving of strength Cordials The Histories of sick persons in Hippocrates Lib. Epidem A notable History The Distemper of the Animal Spirits being after a 〈◊〉 manner as it is the cause of the Phrensie so it is of Melancholy Madness and Stupidity The definition of Melancholy That it is a Distemper of the Brain and Heart Its Examples or Types various and almost infinite Melancholy is â—ither 1. Vniversal or 2 Particular The primary Phaenomena of a Melancholick Dâ—â—â—rium From what disposition of the Spirits they proceed As they are compared to Light they are called opacous or full of darkness These kind of Spirits in Melancholy compared to those in Chymical Liquors 1 They are not like the Spirit of Blood as they should be 2 Nor like the Spirit of Wine Such rather in the Phrensie 3 But these are like acid Spirits distilled out of Salt Vinegar Box and such like 4 Stygian Waters are like the Nature of the Animal Spirits in Madness The formal Reason of Melancholy aptly represented by acetous Chymical Liquors There are three chief affections of these which agree with the Animal Spirits in Melancholy 1 Effluvias falling away from these Liquors are perpetually in motion In like manner also the Spirits in the Phantasie of a Melancholick person 2 Effluvias from acetous Chymical Liquors do not proceed far In like manner the imagination of a Melancholick Person though always employ'd comprehends only a few things And therefore every thing is conceived with a greater Image than it should be 3 Effluvias from acetous Liquors do not evaporate so much from open Pores as they make new And in like manner the Animal Spirits whilst they form in the Brain new Tracts produce unwonted and incongruous Notions In Melancholy after the Animal Spirits being for some time vitiated the Conformation of the Brain is also hurt The Affection of the Praecordia in this Disease as to fear and sadness is delivered After what manner the Corporeal Soul is affected in these two passions The cause of either depends partly on the blood and partly on the Animal Action of the Heart The procatartick Causes of Melancholy are Partly the acetous Nature of the Spirits and partly the Melancholy Dyscrasie of the Blood The Distemper begins sometimes from this sometimes from that How it begins from the Spirits and the Animal Government By what means this Disease arises from the Blood Melancholy doth not arise from an atrabilary humour heaped up in some place or mine By what means according to the Antients it is said to arise from the Head How from the Womb. How from the Spleen How from the whole Body The Differences of the Disease 1 In respect of its first Subject 2 By reason of Temperament of the Sick In respect of the next Cause as it is singular or conjunct In respect of the Imagination diversly hurt The Prognostick of this Disease The Cure of the Disease The evident Cause first to be removed Three primary Indications 1 Curatory The healing of the Spirits is best performed by admonitions and artificial inventions concerning the business of Life Yet oftentimes there is need of Medicine besides The Preservatory indication concerning the Procatartick Causes of the Disease Phlebotomy Purging Vomiting Vomitories Purgers Pills Powders Syrups Altering Medicines are of the greatest moment and not pargiâ—g Medicines as the Antients thought An Electuary A Iulep A Distilled Water Lozengâ—s An Apozem Spaw-Waters Chalybâ—ates Steeled Medicines Whey Broths Iuices of Herbs A Bath Hypnoticks The first History An Example of Melancholy beginning from the Spirits The Cure The second History An Example of Melancholy arising from the Blood The Curatory Method proposed Vniversal Melancholy De Morbis Convulsivis Cap. 2. Particular Melancholy is excited by reason of two sorts of Affections concerning Good or Evil. Love-Madness The Reasons of Symptoms in mad Love Iealousie Superstition and Desperation The reason of the Symptoms The imaginary Metamorphosis of Melancholick Persons Madness and Melancholy are akin The Subject of Madness are the Animal Spirits The dispositionâ— of which are like to Stygian Water Three chief Accidents in Madness Which are also to be found in Stygian Water 1 The Particles of this are always in motion And in like manner the Animal Spirits in Mad-men 2 The Effluvia's of Stygian Water every where make new Pores and Passages In like manner also the Animal Spirits in Mad men 3 The Effluvia's of Stygian Water are diffused far In like manner as the Animal Spirits in Mad-men What the Conjunct Cause of Madness is How the Animal Spirits acquire a disposition like to Stygian Water It is shewed in the first place that corrosive and as it were Stygian Particles are begot in the humane Body Wherefore the Nervous Liquor oftentimes becomes corrosive Because the volatile Salt most easily degenerates into an acid and most sharp with the acquired Sulphur Hence the Reasons of Tumours and Vlcers in the Kings Evil and the Cancer are given Hence also the Madness of the distempered Spirits The Original of Madness either from the Spirits themselves or from the Blood It begins for two occasions from the Spirits 1 By Reason of a violent Passion by which They
the Heart or at least to the Skin and other parts of the Body Truly by observation after what manner these parts which supply the place of the Liver and Messentery in some Fishes and Insects are made something may be thence gathered concerning the uses of the Liver and of the Vessels both Miseraick and Milky in bloody Brutes In the Male Lobster above the beginnings of the aforesaid parts on either side from the sides of the Oesophagus the spermatick Bodies begin which being sent down towards the bottom of the Trunk and there being more compacted and made smoother after the likeness of the Epididimis or thin covering of the Testicles are terminated in two Yards the Tops of which have their going out thorow holes forged in the last little feet but one In like manner in the Female Lobster two nests of Eggs on either side of the sides of the Oesophagus and Ventricle are placed and pass into two Wombs planted in the lowest Trunk of the Body and into those thorow the holes forged in the last little Feet but one there lyes a passage to the genital Members also a passage from the Womb for the laying of Eggs so that it appears how these living Creatures are most fruitful with a multiplyed Issue when as nature seems to be careful and industrious about their genital parts being double and greater than in many other Brutes to wit that as they being both at once double they might produce both by the works of Generation Conception and bringing forth not only always Twynns but almost Miriads of Twynns Below the Ventricle yea and lower also then the beginnings of the other Viscera the Pericardium in which the beating heart is included is placed in the bottom of the Back the Systole and Diastole of the heart are strong and swift as in Creatures of Blood this appearing of a whitish Colour is indeed a Conick Muscle whose Cavity being sufficiently large is framed with Fibres or Columns also with many strong and various little Furrows The Aorta going forth from its top is cleft presently into two Branches which go towards the Gills The venae cavae one ascending the other descending meet together from the bottom of the Heart and there enter into its little ear The Heart whilst it is relaxed receives the vital humour from the vein and by and by when it is contracted drives it forward into the Aorta The crusty Fishes even as the shelly altho without Blood are indued with numerous and large Gills which are instead of Lungs to which that all the Vital humour may be frequently carried therefore not as in earthy Insects are they dispersed thorow the whole Body but on either side under the brim of the armed coat and being gathered together in one place are made into certain little bundles The inferiour and utmost part of the Gills which are broad and obtuse is fixed to the Sternon or meeting of the Breast with hanging little feet the upper part ascending under the Coat is loose and free and by degrees grows sharp otherwise than in Fishes with Blood whose Gills are tyed together being solid at either end In all the Gills of the Lobster Three Bosoms are found of which two seem to be made for the carrying in and out of the vital humour because a black Liquor being injected into the heart passes to the Gills and there passing first thorow one Bosom returns by and by thorow the other We will speak by and by of the third from these Bosoms appear productions of small Vessels as if it were feathery arising on every side thick set and short like jagged welts or fringes which being spongy sup up the Waters continually flowing to them at every turn of the Diastole and press them forth by Systole to wit for the end that whilst it is there unfolded within the small passages the food for the vital humour may be inspired The Third Bosom being carried from the top of every Gill to its Basis ends in the common Channel in all the Gills of the same side which nigh to the insertion of the highest Gill which beats perpetually gapes with a large gap Any one may easily perceive this in a live Lobster whilst it breathes out of the water for in every Systole or pulse of this supream Gill one may see a bubble of water break forth out of that hole Further if into that hole a black Liquor be injected by and by entring under that Common passage it passes thorow from thence both into all the Gills and the small and feathery Bosoms of them and also into the Arms and all the little feet the Cavities of which the Muscles do not fully stuff yea and into the Cavity of the Body In like manner wind being blown into that hole all the aforesaid parts will be inflated or blown up From hence we may guess that hole with the common channel and the three bosomes of Gills to be a certain Trachea or Wind-pipe into which plenty of water entring at every Diastole is returned back at the next Systole In the mean time these waters in this passage do not only Communicate with the Vital Humour abounding between the Gills but besides are laid up between the Cavities of the Members and the Trunk that they may supply these Fishes whilst they are kept dry with matter for respiration and therefore they not only longer subsist in the open air but also live for some time in a place void of all air In Crusty Fishes for that for the agitating the Gills as it were with Lungs the Ribs belonging to the Sides the Muscles of the Breast and other things are either wanting or by reason of the stiffness of the neighbouring parts are made unable it is performed by an admirable artifice as whilst the Gills for the most part being loose and are left easily moveable the several little bundles of them about the basis of the bony little Foot being included with the Muscles within their Cavities as it were so many hanging Ribs are fixed being drawn forth far beyond the Trunk of the Body which as so many distinct Pendulums by the help of the Muscles which they include being almost continually shaken cause also continual Systoles and Diastoles for the inspiring and exspiring of the Gills But it may well be doubted whether we ought to assign Souls of the nature of fire to these bloodless Creatures inhabiting the waters because they rejoyce in an Element that is deadly to fire it self and to the Lives of more perfect Brutes But this Problem shall be satisfied by and by when we have first discours'd of the Use of the Gills in Bloody Fishes as also concerning the Praecordia of these and others of a more frigid blood In the mean time the Third Table shews the Figures representing to the Life the parts of the Lobster Secondly After the bloodless Brutes their
of the whole Body in which the animal spirits like Soldiers sent abroad perpetually running up and down on this side and on that perform the offices of Sense and Motion Further those who dwell within the Head it self the superior Legion of the sensitive Soul altho more freely ranging yet lye not disorderly or loosely but its numerous Company being limited with certain Bounds and Cloysters as it were within the narrow space of One Chamber perform infinite Variety of Actions and Passions Concerning these discoursing formerly more fully in our description of the Brain and Nerves we did distinguish the Seats of all the Faculties yea we did shew the Commands of the Animal Function voluntary and involuntary to be divers in themselves also to belong to divers Governments of the Brain and Cerebel with their respective appendixes of the Nerves Further we shewed that those Spirits the Authors of either function not only within the narrow Channels of the Nerves but also in the large meeting places or Emporiums of the Head have peculiar paths to wit the medullary tracts as it were intrinsick Nerves most curiously stretch'd forth here and there But indeed because it is objected that I have not described all and perhaps not exactly enough therefore that those medullary Passages may be the better beheld we have lately instituted another more accurate anatomy of the Brain to wit by gently scraping with the point of a Pen-knife its parts we removed every where the softer and brownish substance a-Kin to the Cortex of the Brain the whiter and more hard being left by which means in several places of the Brain and the Oblong Marrow many Medullary Chords or Strings as it were distinct Nerves wonderfully Communicating among themselves and with other white or medullary Bodies were brought into sight For as much as this Anatomical Administration render'd the more secret passages of the Spirits and the motions belonging to the Arcana's of the animal Government very Conspicuous we shall here shew a new Figure or two of the Brain rolled forth and the flesh when taken off in the chief places in which are plainly beheld both the Common Passages and the Private paths of the Spirits and which carry them backward and forward immediately thorow the beaten way of the medullary tail and which lead thorow the by-paths of the Prominences into the streaked Bodies Therefore in the Brain taken out and rolled abroad according to our Method let there be a dissection so made between the Orbicular Prominences to wit between the Testes or Testicles Nates or Buttocks that when they being whole and divided in the middle of the Pinal Glandula the parts are layed by themselves the streaked Cavity of either may be lay'd open As in the 6 th Table Fig. 1. A. b E. A. b. c. c. D. Then it it will easily appear that the said Prominencies called the Testes are marrowy Epiphyses or additions of the oblong marrow which sticking to the tails of the Cerebel from thence look towards the Brain and a Commerce is seen to be maintained between this and that This last Ephiphysis passes from the parts of the Brain into the next natiform or of the form of a Buttock B. which is an adjunct or some Augmentation of that To this Medullar a.a. in a Sheep Ox and many four-footed Beasts grows a Cortical substance B.B. But otherways in a Man Dog Fox and other more sagacious Creatures it is marrowy thorow the whole the reason of the difference I have shewed in another place This medullary Epiphysis reaching above the Testes and Nates and going under the Pineal Kernel tends towards the Chambers of the Optick Nerves approaching which F. by and by it is cleft into two Branches as it were Nervous one of which G is carryed to the Cone of the streaked Body and the other H. towards its Basis and in its oblique passage sends a shoot into the midst of the Border of the streaked Body this Branch going to the basis of the streaked Body behind the root of the Fornix is inserted into an Angle of the streaked Body As to the Use of these Parts we have proposed our Conjectures in our Tract of the Brain and truly nothing seems more probable than that by this side-path of the Prominences and by the Passage of the Medullary Passages there are Commerces held between the Brain and the Cerebel for as often as it happens that Impressions or Instincts meerly natural follow spontaneous Affections and Motions or are joyned to them all that within those private Tracts is occupied See our Anat. of the Brain p. 176. Further whereby every such Impression from the Viscera or Precordia by the mediation of the Cerebel are carried from them in the same way forward and backward into the streaked Bodies and on the contrary every force and perturbation The Medullary passage which is for their commerce enters in three places viz. In the middle and at either end into the streaked Bodyes To the Prominences which are called Nates and Testes succeed the Chambers of the Optick Nerves E. E. as also above the Medullary Trunk certain Epiphyses or Additions serve for a private office viz. only for the visive Function For as the sight is a most noble faculty and as the Organ of the eye is highly curious so it obtains a very spacious Furniture or Porch and also a very strait to the common Sensory viz. the streaked Bodies Because the Optive Nerves coming together under the Trunk of the oblony Marrow and being by and by disjoyned they climb up his sides where going under the appropriate Protuberances they go into a numerous company of hairy threads which are every where interwoven with the cortical Substance Fig. 2. Tab. 6. These Medullary or Nervous structures or bindings which without doubt the visible Species pass thorow are all parallels which being stretched forth Strait are brought to the streaked Bodies every where through their whole Compass Fig. 2. Hence it is probable the causes of the Sandy drops or Spots yea and of the sight otherways depraved or lost do lie hid not only in the Eye and Optick Nerve but sometimes in these parts for as much as those Filaments or Nervous threads being obstructed or bound together the visible Species are not able to beam themselves to the streaked Bodies I knew one being affected by his Imagination and Memory being grievously hurt that those diseases vanishing fell into blindness The reason of which accident seems to be that the morbifick matter occupying at first the superior frame of the Brain being slid thence lower by the Cortix at length enter'd into the Optick Chambers There remains yet a private passage of another sence to wit of the smelling to the common Sensory viz. the streaked Bodies The mamillary Processes being entered into the Prominences of the Inferiour Brain go under its Basis till they come to the border of the
diffused within the Brain and stock of Nerves is Co-extended or equally stretched forth with the Organical Body and almost with all its Parts is affected with every Contact or with the meeting of other Bodies she perceives all Impressions either outwardly objected or raised up within and as she is moved by these every where diversly inflicted she indues according to the various impulse of the Objects various Gestures and Species in her self and also draws the Members and Parts of the Body it self with her wholly into the same Figures and Motions For indeed it is the Energie or the Act of the Soul it self from which every Function of the animated Body primarily and chiefly arises If at any time any Stroke or Impression be inflicted any where to the animated Body presently a certain Fluctuation or waving is stirred up in the Hypostasis of the whole Soul or of the struck Member by which some Animal Spirits or subtil Particles shut up in the Organical Parts as a blast of Wind in a Machine being struck run hither and thither and so produce the Exercises of Sense and Motion in the whole Body or respective Parts Truly among the various Gestures of the Corporeal Soul by which she altering her Species or Hypostasis brings a change to the containing Body the Sensitive and Locomotive Powers obtain the chief place for as much as they are Common almost to all living Creatures at least to the more perfect to which also all the rest of the Faculties may easily be reduced These are the chief Advancers of the animated Body upon which all the other Wheels of this Self-moving Divine Machine depend But the Internal and next efficient Cause both of Sense and Motion are the Hypostasis of the Sensitive Soul or the Animal Spirits instilled from the inkindled Blood into the Brain and from thence diffused into the Nervous Stock which being distributed from the Brain as the Fountain thorow the Nerves to the whole Body imbue irradiate and blow up all the Parts and bring a certain Tensity or stretching forth to each so that the passages of the Nervous Bodies like Cords stretched forth straitly on every side from the Brain and its dependencies reach forth into all the Exterior Parts by which so stretch'd forth and actuated by a certain Continuity of the Soul if one end be struck presently the stroke is perceived through the whole so that every Intention conceived within the Brain presently performs the designed work in every Member or Part and on the other side every impulse or stroke which is inflicted from without to any Member or to the Sensitive Body is communicated instantly to all Parts within the Head If that an Impression or force tends from the Brain outwards thorow the Nerves into the moving Parts Motion is produced but if they being made outwardly are directed inwards towards the Brain Sense arises But whil'st either of these are performed it is not so to be understood as is commonly asserted as if the same Spirits make hast and leap back presently as it were from one end of the Course or Circuit to the other but as the Soul is stretched forth thorow the whole with a certain Continuity its Particles viz. the Spirits contiguous one with another are set like an Army in Array for they after a Military fashion whil'st they move not from their station and keep Order perform their Offices and whether they be set in Battel Array or on the Watch they perform the Commands carried outward from the Brain themselves being almost immoveable and effect Motion and deliver presently to the Brain the news of any sensible thing impressed whereby Sensation is made So indeed the same Animal Spirits thô with an opposite and inverse tendency and aspect of them cause Motion and Sense But both Faculties as to the Exercises of their Acts require something divers Organs yea the Animal Spirits planted within the same for the performing the divers Offices of their Faculties are ordered with a various Affection and with a different manner of Orders That each of these may be the more clearly illustrated we shall first of all speak of the Sense and of whatsoever belongs to it both in General and in Special and then afterwards concerning Motion The Sense as it is taken in a more strict acceptation viz. for the proper Function in animated Bodies and by which they are distinguished from inanimates is wont to be described after this manner That it is the faculty of perceiving Sensible objects Because the Sensitive soul as hath been said being apt to be affected or moved by every Contact or Impulse of an exterior Body forces its constitution to vary in the whole or in part according as it is struck But exterior Bodies because they consist of Particles of a various Kind and diversly figured therefore when some are applied to others their approaches one among another are not always made after one and the same manner but after a manifold manner and with notable variety to wit either by Corporeal Contacts or by Effluvia's falling from them or by Particles of Air Breath or Light reflected from them issuing from them on every side like Darts Further and to every one of these Kinds many Species are attributed Because not only Concretes but also various little Bodies of the same Subject shew and impress manifold Types of their Contacts several of which as they are received and so known distinctly by living Creatures the Sensitive Soul using Corporeal Organs hath many Sensories fitted for such variety of Objects and divers representations of things in which several both the Conformation of the Pores as also the disposition of the Animal Spirits are proportionated to the little Bodies sent in from the Object which are only of one Kind fitly to be received By this means sensible Impressions at least that may be of use to any Animal are perceived and from this manifold way of Sension proceeds the Knowledge of all things according to that of the Philosopher All Knowledge is made by the Sense when on the contrary if Bodies and their Particles should strike the Systasis of the naked Soul or part of it always after one and the same manner nothing at all would be known because one thing or parts from another or these from those Members would not be distinguished Wherefore that all the chief Objects and their Accidents might be distinctly noted it is so provided that some Particles strike this Organ and not that so that they affect their several respective Sensories only the rest being untouched From hence it is clear that 't is necessary that there should be many Sensories in perfect Animals which may perform divers Actions both for the preserving of Life and propagating the Kind and also for the knowing many things and chiefly for the embracing of what things are Congruous to themselves and for the shunning all incongruous things for this things 't
melted which two are biting sharp and corrosive of themselves apart if they be put together lose all acritude to wit these Salts being of a divers Kind viz. Fluid and Alchalisat being put together work mutually one upon another by which means the little Spears and Pricks of both are broken even as if the edge of one Knife should be rubbed against the edge of another Plants and Herbs which are naturally biting sharp if they be macerated in White-wine or perhaps in any other Liquor put away all their sharpness and yet the Liquor becomes not at all sharp In these sort of Concretes all the acritude depends upon the volatile Salt which being loosned by the mixture presently flyes away For the same Reason these sort of Herbs being subjected to distillation exhale almost an insipid water and the dreggs of the Herbs remaining after distillation is also insipid Hence also some Herbs which being green abound with a sharp biting juice being dryed lose very much of their acritude as Scurvy-grass Water-cresses and Brooklime c. Secondly The bitter Savour or Taste such as is principally in Gall and Wormwood seems to be made for as much as the Particles of its Body are planted with forked Pricks which digging into the Sensory not deeply but only on the Superficies cause a sad or sorrowful Sense just as if the sharp-pointed fruit of the Teasle should be sharply handled with ones hands In Subjects indued with a bitter Savour Salt associated with Sulphur and suffering an Adustion with it Predominates First Subjects which exhibit this kind of Savour naturally among Vegetables are Wormwood Southernwood Centaury Colocynthida Agaric Fumitary and almost all Herbs which grow in dry and mountany places then Gâ—mms and Concrete juices as Myrrh Aloes Opium Ammoniac c. Among Minerals they are not easily met with The Excrements of living Creatures as the Gall and Dung the Liquor contained in the Bladder of the Gall and so the Skins of some Birds are bitter Secondly As to the second Things which draw bitterness anew they are Compounded Liquors if in Cooking they are burnt or are made too thick by Evaporation hence Soot is bitter and whatever things suffer adustion or burning Sugared Aliments and sweet things are most easily Corrupted in the Stomach and degenerate into a most highly bitter Humor Thirdly As to the Third a bitter Savour is most difficulty taken away without the Destruction of the Subject in which it is as appears in Aloes and Colocynthida and Medicines prepared out of them Yet New Beer being something bitterish by the boyling of Hops in it grows sweet by clearing and a long fermentation the reason of this we have shewed elsewhere Further Liquors which grow bitter by reason of their Contracting an Empyreuma or burning to if they be exposed for a long while in a moist Air or distilled over again mixed with Calcined Salt they will partly lose their Empyreuma or smatch of Fire and bitterness 3. Because Experience shews that Salts for the most part do grow together into many pointed and diversly corner'd Figures it is most likely that the Salt savour is produced when Particles of any Body pointed with many Angles and Edges on all sides do as it were cut into the Sensory like as if little bits of broken Glass be strictly pressed in ones hand In these Kind of Subjects the Saline Principle excells the other Elements First Bodies naturally Salt are scarce met with in the family of Vegetables althô Plants and Herbs almost all owe their rise and growth to Salt It is seen however that Sea Scurvigrass and Capers have something of a salt Savour Salt obtains the chief place among Minerals and salsitude or saltness is chiefly eminent in Sea-Salt in Salt that is dug up Nitre and Sal Gemmae The Excrements of Animals to wit the Dung the Sweet the Serum are Salt Blood also participates something of the Nature of Saltishness Secondly Those Salts which are made by an artificial means are the fixed Salts of Herbs made by incineration or burning to Ashes Compounded Salts to wit Borax Sal Ammoniac A volatile Salt is drawn forth of Amber Bones Horns and also out of the Blood of Animals by Sublimation Thirdly As to the Third all natural Salts if they be distilled often over again pass into acetous or tart Liquors The reason of which is because these kind of Concretes suffer a divorce of the other Principles by the fire and so come more near to the Simple and Elementary Nature of Salt Volatile Salts at first white if exposed to the Moisture of the Air do melt into a reddish Liquor not very Salt and besides smelling like the stink of smoak or soot because the mixture being loosned by the moist Air the Saline Particles for that they are volatile many of them fly away but in the mean time the Sulphureous Particles before subjugated get the Dominion Fourthly The Acid or sour or tart Savour or Taste seems to be made when the Particles of any Body are four pointed or corner'd to wit which appear with a smooth and acute point and with a sharp Body like a wedge made into a bigger bulk so that which way soever applyed to the Sensory they prick it and by pressing it something bind it up and therefore they leave in it larger Incisions than any other Savour This Kind of Savour for the most part depends upon a fixed Salt carried forth into a Flux First Bodies naturally acid or sower are among Vegetables Pomecitrons Oringes Lemons Berberries Sorrel Tamarinds c. Among Minerals scarce any to be met with as I remember nor is it easily to be found among Animals unless perhaps the Melancholly Juice the ferments of the Stomach and Spleen the Pancratic Juice and also the fasting spittle of a Man may be said to be something Acid. Secondly Made Acids are Vinegar and the Spirit of it or the Liquor distilled The Melanchollic Humor preternaturally begotten in the Body which often like the Spirit of Vitriol becomes Acid and almost Corrosive Vitriol Salt and Sulphur being whole and tasted in their solid substance shew no kind of acidity if they be made subject to Chymical Operation send forth a Liquor highly acid the reason of which was shewed but now Thirdly As to the Third Chymists say that acetous Spirits to wit of Sulphur Salt Vitriol c. by a long Digestion and Circulation do grow sweet All acetous Mineral Spirits also distilled Vinegar and the juice of Vegetables if they dissolve any Body by knawing or corroding it as Corals Pearls or any Precious Stones put away their acidness because the Particles of the fluid Salt in the acid Stagma or Menstruum are fixed to the Alchali Salt in the mixture Moreover these Kinds of Spirits and acetous Liquors if they are mixed either with Oil of Tartar or with the fixed Salts of Herbs loosed by Deliquium loose their acidity
burning Water like the Lees of Wine distilled after the same fashion In both these and in the following Instance the additional sweetnesses are bruised by the saline little darts Sugar of Lead being fused by the fire melts into meer Lead if it be distilled in a Retort if we may believe Beguinus it will produce a burning and sweet smelling Spirit 8. The unctuous or oyly savour seems to be produced when the Particles of any Body are very Spherical and round which neither hawl prick nor tickle the Sensory but only stroke it with a gentle and soft coming to it In these the Sulphureous Principle predominates First Bodies naturally Unctuous or oyly among Vegetables are ripe Olives the Turpentine-Tree The Larix and some sweet smelling Gums naturally sweating forth Among Minerals Asphaltum Bitumen Amber Sperma Ceti and some fat Earths and Ochers Of Animals and their Parts the Sewet Marrow and Fat. Secondly Unctuous things prepared by Art are Butter Cream Oyls press'd out of Fruits and Seeds as Oyl of Nuts of sweet Almonds also Oyls drawn out of Seeds Woods Gums and Refines by distillation Thirdly Althô unctuosity is most difficulty taken away from the Subjects yet it is wont to be lessen'd for so Unctuous Bodies if they grow stale or are too much boiled or otherways grow hot by shaking losing their smoothness become rank and prick and dig the Sensory Further Sewet and Fat if they be long exposed to a moist Air contract a settlement and become hoary and then are resolved into Water or a corrupt Earth In this and in the former instance whil'st the mixture of the Body is resolved some Sulphureous Particles fly away in the mean time the remaining lose their Dominion 9. An insipid Savour or Taste seems to be made when the Particles of any Body are indued with superficial little Darts not at all sharp but smooth and discharged which enter not into the Pores of the Sensory and no ways dig or hawl it In these the Principle either of Water or Earth predominate over the rest First Bodies naturally insipid or tastless are Common Water especially Rain Water some cold Herbs the raw white of an Egg c. Althô in the whole world there is nothing insipid simply yet Speech is wont to apply it to them things in which some one of those Savours are not eminently which we have before recounted Secondly That Savory things may become Unsavory the more acute Particles ought wholly to fly away or be very much broken Herbs long kept also many more things if they be distilled by a moderate heat yield almost an insipid Liquor Thirdly Insipidness it self sometimes is taken away for insipid Water if it stand long that it putrifie acquires a stink and mouldy Savour The white of an Egg boiled hard has something a sharp taste In these kind of Instances some active Elements being before subjugated get strength Besides these Kinds of simple Savours which are as it were the Elements of the rest there remain yet many Complications of these simple ones as the Savours rehearsed are conjoyned one among another And for as much as by the Wisdom of Nature to satisfie all Palates and by the Luxury of Art that she might please the Throats of some manifold mixtures of Savours have been produced that almost nothing to be eaten is found simple and without Sawce or Condiment The several Compositions of these is a thing almost impossible to enumerate it shall suffice for the present that we note some of the more noted Conjugations and their Affections as they are grateful or ingrateful to the Palate The first Conjugation and that most grateful to the Palate is of acid and sweet of which sort are generous Wine Confections prepared out of Citron Wood-Sorrel Berberries c. Sugar'd things and sharp things pickl'd with Sugar Secondly Sweet and Astringent as also sweet and sower are well Consociated as in Marmalade of Quinces Candied Bulloes Cyder drunk with Sugar c. Thirdly Sweet and oyly yield a grateful Savour to the Palate but that brings a nauseousness to the Stomach as in Milk-meats Sugar'd-meats and Pasty-crust c. Fourthly Sweet agrees not with biting bitter or salt Savour Fifthly nor doth a bitter Savour of it self agree with any other it is grateful to the Palate well-tempered with the sweet Sixthly Salt-savour best agrees with the biting sharp as in flesh seasoned with Salt and Pepper it is an ingrateful Sawce with the oyly Seventhly The Acid Astringent and Sower are well associated with the sweet not with the rest There are more Kinds of some other Compounded Savours which we have no time now to recount But there are in respect of the Taste as the Compounded Tunes of Harmony in respect of Hearing in both sensible not simple Species of one Kind but are carried manifold and variously Complicated to the Sensory It now remains for us to pass from the Taste the Object of which we have largely handled to the other Species of the Senses CHAP. XIII Of the Sense of Smelling IT seems that the Smell is a more Excellent and a little more Sublime Faculty than either Tasting or Touching to wit because its Object is more subtle and comes to the Sensory with a thinner Consistency for there is no need to put upon the Organ the more thick substance of the mixture but it suffices that the Effluvia's or Breath sent from odorous Bodies thô at something a remote distance be inspired into the Nostrils together with the Air. Living Creatures are furnished with the Sense of Smelling for this end to wit that agreeable and wholesom Aliments may be known and discerned from disagreeable and hurtful for because it were an incongruous and dangerous thing to take in presently into the Mouth all things offered to be eaten and to be examined by the Taste lest perchance Venomous and Stinking things carelesly taken in by the Palate should bring loathing or hurt to it the Smell examines first the thing at a distance and refuses those rotten things or guilty of any other very infestous quality without receiving any hurt by the Contagion This Kind of Primary use is seen more excellently in brute Animals than in Man for they by this Index only most certainly know the Virtues of Herbs and of other Bodies before unknown yea hunt out and easily find their absent Food thô hidden from them by the Smell But that the Noses of Men are less quick or sagacious it ought not as some would have it to be ascribed to the abuse of the Faculty but the Cause lyes in the defect of the Organ it self for this is not so accurately required for the distinction of Humane Food where Reason and the Intellect are present For that Reason the inferior Powers in Man exist less perfect by Nature that there might be a place left for the exercise and dressing of the more superior As to what
and down hither and thither by the moved Air. Hence it follows that some Sonorifick Particles or Causing sounds are diffused thorow the Air and as they are more subtil than the little Bodies of the Air and are indued with a more rapid Motion the Transmission or Propagation of the sound depends upon the peculiar motion and waving of these made apart from the inclination of the whole Air. We have elsewhere shewn in the texture of the Atoms of the Air that there are contained Luminous or Nitrous Particles by the inkindling and by the most swift trajection and reflection of these Light the appearances of Colours and the Images of all things are produced And besides these most thin and moveable Bodies which seem to be of a certain fiery Nature and interwoven with the Air and by the private waving of which the visible Objects are carried to the Organ it is likely that certain other Particles of another Kind and those perhaps Saline are diffused thorow the rare and most fluid Constitution of the Air by which whil'st they are strucken and swiftly moved and apt to be figured according to the Idea's of Sounds the Organ of the Hearing is also affected and by this means receives the Impressions of sensible things For it seems that the Sound-causing little Bodies swimming in the Air and interwoven with a certain Continuity in its Pores and thickly set in its passages are placed after that manner that when a Motion is impressed in any Portion of them by the striking against a solid Body they being agitated according to the Character of the Impressed Motion move or shake others planted round about and they again others which are next to them and so when the same Motion is propagated round on every side by a successive affection of the same Particles as when a Stone being cast into a smooth water many little Circles begining after one another and unfolding themselves create an Impression of the first stroke in every part lesser types of the sound and almost innumerable take the place one of another or fill up the room of the first Prototype sound excited according to the solid Body and from thence on every side waved according to the Symbolical Particles successively moved even after the same manner as when the rayes of Light are reflected from an Opacous or shaddowy Body for as much as they being sent at hand from every part of the Object do meet together in a most thick Series of Cones in every place and so create infinite Images of the same thing visible in all places In like manner also whil'st the Sonorific Particles leap back from a solid Body they cause the audible Species to be every where represented according to the stroke there made upon them in the whole Sphear of Vibration whether by a like Contortion or Gyration or any other ways of Conformation in Motion of the symbolar Particles But althô there are found Sonorific little Bodies something like the luminous they are differenced notwithstanding in many things for first of all their Motion is much more slow than the luminous which clearly appears from a Gun being discharged at a distance for it is sometime after the flash reaches the Sight that the report comes to the Ears But the luminous Particles thô they easily pass thorow the more solid Diaphanous Bodies yet not thorow thick shaddowy or Opacous Bodies thô they are made of a more thin or rare texture or stick in the chinks On the contrary the waving of a sound does not so easily pass thorow Glass but the same is often heard within a Chamber that is impervious of Light or where Light cannot enter Hence it may be conjectur'd that the rayes or beams of Light how subtil and thin soever they be are carried only in strait Lines for whether they at first stream forth or are broken in the altered Medium or are reflected from an objected Body they every where pass forward and observe the Line or direction and pass thorow the oblique and winding passages not with a turning passage or going thorow but the sounding Particles being excited into Motion insinuate themselves within the bending pores and blind holes like the flowing of Waters but these Kind of little Bodies which are the Vehicles of sounds I suspect to be of a Saline Nature for this reason because the Particles of this Element are most of all Moveable and Active next to the fiery and Nitrous Sulphureous for it is seen that Glass and Metallick Bodies which abound with very much Salt being struck yield a sound excelling all others Also it makes for it for as much as in a great Winter Frost when the Atmosphear of the Air abounds with Saline Particles a sound becomes more clear and is carried farther So much concerning the Sonorifick Particles as much as we are able to get by Conjecture concerning their Nature Subsistence and wayes of carrying forth or of waving As to these what at first was propounded concerning the Sense of Hearing it self there remains yet to be unfolded by what means and for what occasions these Particles interwoven with the aerial Body are stirred up by a sounding Body into Act then how the same being moved affect the Sensory As to the former there are infinite ways whereby the aforesaid Particles are stirred up into Act or by which sounds are wont to be produced whatsoever percussion of a solid Body yea and almost every vehement Compulsion of the Air when resisted yields a sound There are very many Varieties of these but the Universal or at least the chief Causes of sounds may be not improperly reduced to two ways of being uâ—deâ— to wit either that a solid Body being struck and so affected with a Vibration or shaking drives together the Air and with it the Sonorific Particles and the â—â—râ—ke being most swiftly repeated causes them to shake or to wave Or secondly the Air and with it the Sonorific Particles being driven into a more narrow space whil'st they go forth by Compression are struck against the solid Body and are driven by it into a vibration or shaking By reason of the former way all solid Bodies struck by solids yea and hollow Metallick Bodies a Drum the strings of an Harp and other Musical Instruments furnished with strings when they are stroke yield a sound in all which a vibration being excited from the stroke and shaking Body and impressed on the Sonorific Particles is the whole Cause of every produced sound or of long Continuance and also thô but of a minutes durance or sounding For both Metals also Stones and Wood and other solids being struck make the Air to tremble and yield vibrations or shakings in some measure like Bells and the strings of an Harp Wherefore when by the Finger or any soft Body being lay'd upon them that shaking is stopt presently the sound is intercepted In the latter Rank to wit where the Air is compelled
among themselves and differ little or nothing one from another as to their Essence for indeed the same Effluvia's or little Bodies for as much as they proceed from a lucid Body are called Light for that they are reflected from an opacous or shaddowy Body under a certain placing and meeting together cause the Image of the Object and for as much as it happens the same rays of Light in their reflection are broken or turned in from a dark or opacous Body after this or that manner they cause the Appearance of this or that Colour to be represented As to the Rays themselves or the passing thorow of little Bodies the irradiation or beaming forth of which shews the Representations either of Light Colour or Images it is much disputed whether they are only Effluvia's darted from a lucid Body and repercussed in their going forth and reflected variously here and there as is asserted by Gassendus and some others or whether Particles being sent forth from a lucid Body move other the like Particles implanted in the Air and as it were by inkindling them render them luminous and these at length others and so a diffusion on every side of Light or Images is propagated as it were by a certain waving Against the former Opinion 't is objected that it seems impossible that the Effluvia's of flame or fire should be able to be unfolded so suddenly and dilated or spread abroad to an immensity for when a Candle being lighted immediately the whole Chamber is illuminated it can scarce be conceived that the fiery little Bodies of that flame should break forth so suddenly and so thick that they should fill in the twink of an Eye so vast a space For indeed the new Motions and Increase of an inkindled flame are more slow and perceivable to the Sight it self how therefore can we imagine the motion or dilatation of Light for that this is but only a thinner flame to be so incredibly swift Besides when in the same instant in which a Light placed in an eminent place is inkindled it is beheld at many Miles distance none can think that these Particles sent forth from it can be able to be carried so long a space at least in so short a time but truly how should it be supposed that these Effluvia's streaming from a small Light should presently possess the whole Hemisphear Because the light enkindled in the whole Region round about meets with the Eye where-ever placed Besides when from a Glow-worm a certain kind of Light or fire shines in the dark and is perceived at a distance if this apparition should be made by reason of the fiery little Bodies streaming from this little Creature whence I pray is so much fiery Tinder supplied From these and some other Reasons we are led to believe that when the Medium is so soon inlightned besides the Effluvia darted from the lucid Body others also interwoven with and implanted in the Air being moved by those Effluvia's and as it were inkindled contribute to illumination For the Explanation of this hither ought to be referred what hath formerly been said concerning the Nature of fire and flame to wit we have shewed that with the Sulphureous Particles breaking forth from an inflameable Body others Nitrous do come from the Air and are inkindled with them and so do not constitute fire or flame unless both are joyntly inkindled The like reason may be given of Light and consequently of Images and Colours most swiftly produced from Flame and Light to wit some Sulphureous Particles being carried beyond the compass of the Flame joyn together with others Nitrous and easily inkindled and so produce a most thin Flame viz. Light For indeed from an inkindled fire many sulphureous Particles presently streaming forth thickly lay hold on more or at least the like Nitrous and so constitute a more thick and almost dark Flame this for that it is fat and thick passes not thorow the Pores of Glass and thô it is apt of its own Nature to be carried in direct lines yet it is wont to be bent hither and thither and to be made crooked by the blasts of Wind yea to be carried within Tubes or hollow Pipes very crooked But Light is made of fewer and more subtil sulphureous Particles which passing beyond the first inkindling fly away round about far and wide and so meeting every where with many Nitrous constitute a most thin white Flame and without heat this easily passes thorow Glass and all clear Bodies Its beams for as much as they consist of more Nitrous than Sulphureous little Bodies are carried only in strait lines so that thô they are wont ordinarily to be broken or reflected yet they cannot be made crooked Subjects emitting fiery and luciferous Particles among the Coelestials are the Sun and Stars but among the Sublunaries whatsoever are filled with Sulphur are apt to flame forth Concerning the Sun we note that wherever it may be seen in the Earth it diffuses a clear Light so do not the fixed Stars because they are at too great a distance from the Globe of the Earth As to the Subluminary Lights we shall observe as it were three Stadia or measures in which they have their Beams after a diverse way to wit in the first place the Flame consists within the compass of a lucid Body which is both hot and disperses heat every where round about to what is near not only by the open Air but also by all Bodies to wit both diaphanous and dark solid or rare Secondly In the extream Border of the Flame succeeds the Sphear of Light which being more illustrious near the Flame is by degrees attenuated till it ends in plain darkness Beyond the bound of the Light the lucid Body propagates its Image or likeness a great way for a Candle being inkindled is beheld for many Miles in the dark The trajection of which seems to be made by reason of the Impression made on the Nitrous Particles diffused thorow the Air wherefore when the accension ends about the border of Light yet from thence it at a long distance transmits every way an Idea of the Flame or Light by a most swift undulation or waving of them being moved The trajection or the passing thorow of the Rays of Light whether the same be direct or reflected or broken goes forward as we hinted but now only in strait lines and not in oblique or turning about the reason of which is because the fiery or light-carrying Particles how subtil or active soever they be most easily pass thorow and without any impediment the Pores and Passages of the Air and follow not its Course or Torrent Further as the fiery Particles as it seems are only of a Spherical Figure and of a very small bulk their irradiation or beaming forth is made only in direct or strait lines to wit because when the little Globes breaking forth from any fire stream thickly
thô the Chrystalline Humor be of the form of a Lentil it doth not bear out enough so as it might receive the Beams of the whole Hemisphear therefore the watery Humor is lay'd to it as an addition which thrusting forth the Cornea or horny Coat and rendring it more bunching out encreases outwardly the Convexity or bending forth of the Eye which is indeed that the visible Species might be from this place and from that and on every side more plentifully admitted into it as into a Window made forth or butting out beyond the plane of the Wall Further the watery Humor swelling forth with the horny Coat breaks a little the oblique Beams falling towards the Perpendicular and so compelling them nearer together directs more together into the Convexity of the Chrystalline swelling There is yet another use of this watery Humor to wit to temperate the Beams passing thorow it being sometimes somewhat fiery and so to render them more proportionate to the Sensory On the other side of the Chrystalline Humor to wit on the back of it the glassy Humor stands like to fused Glass this much more plentiful than both the other possesses the greatest part of the Optic Chamber also being less Compact in it self is apt somewhat to flow out and is included with a most thin little Membrane this lyes upon the Retine Coat and contains the Chrystalline within its Bosom It s Primary use is to separate the Retine Coat in a just space from the Chrystalline Humor that after the Beams have past thorow this as it were thorow the Burning-Glass with a due Refraction they may have in that placed at a just distance their habitation Hence in those who have the Chrystalline Humor in the form of a Lentil and so the Beams passing thorow can't come together but at a greater distance have great plenty of this glassy Humor and its plenitude causes the Spherical Figure of the Eye But in those who have the Chrystalline swelling round that the Beams passing thorow are more crooked and have a dwelling or nest at a less distance the quantity of the glassy Humor is found less and its defect causes the depressed Figure of the Eye or of the form of a Cheese Further the glassy Humor according to Scheinerus being somewhat a more thin Medium than the Chrystalline Humor breaks a little the Beams passing thorow from the Perpendicular and therefore somewhat enlarges or draws forth the Picture of the visible thing otherwise more contracted and shews the same more conspicuous in the Retina Thus much concerning Seeing and of all the Senses in the next Chapter we should speak of the other Power to wit the Locomotive but being we have formerly largely discoursed concerning that we shall handle in the following certain Affections belonging to the Corporeal Soul as to the Exercise of the Motions and the Senses to wit Sleep and Waking CHAP. XVI Of Sleeping and Waking SUch is the weak and instable Nature of all living Creatures that they are not able neither to Live perpetually nor to Act and Labour continually but that there is a Necessity for them even as once and at last to dye so daily to repeat frequent turns of Sleep as it were so many previous Monitors of Death Though we have not experienced it we easily know what it is to dye to wit when the vital Flame like a Lamp is either by degrees consumed or violently extinguished presently Heat and Light and what flow from them both all the Vital and Animal faculties are abolished But what is the formal Reason Essence and Causes of Sleep which we suffer and daily experience is almost wholly unknown Concerning this there are various Opinions both of Ancients and Moderns but they rather seem Dreams than satisfactory Reason To wit whil'st some affirm Sleep to be mere Privation others a Bond of all the Functions these place for its Cause a retraction or introcession of Heat those an assent of Vapours from the Stomach to the Head Some assign for the subject the Brain others the Heart others the Stomach and Spleen and some again the Soul others the Body by it self and lastly others both together to wit the whole Animal Body Among the latter Writers Conradus Schneiderus hath of late been Eminent who rejecting the Opinions almost of all others and asserting Sleep not to be produced from Vapours nor from any material Cause nor to depend either upon any affection of the Brain or of any other part affirms it to be and Waking also mere faculties of the Soul to wit innate or born in it and wholly inorganical Also he saith that the formal Reasons of either are that the Soul or its animadversive Faculty sometimes withdraws and as it were hides it self and sometimes puts forth and expunds it self This Opinion thô in some part it seems likely does not easily deserve our assent because notwithstanding he asserts Sleep and Waking to be proper Faculties of the Soul and these inorganical and independing of the Body he further supposes other chief Powers of the Soul to wit common Sense Memory and Appetite not to be performed from the divers Organs within the Brain nor to be distinguished by their Seats but to be diffused thorow the whole Body Therefore that we may the more rightly Philosophize concerning Sleep we ought to consider what are its Subject formal Reason Causes Differences and Effects First As to the first it clearly appears that Sleep is not extended neither to the whole Soul nor to the whole Body for the Praecurdia and Organs of respiration are exercised with a perpetual Systole and Diastole the Viscera dedicated for Concoction perform their Offices more and better in Sleep than in Waking Further when as the aforesaid Parts are wont to alter their actions according to the urgencies of evident Causes as may be argued by the Pulse and respiration variously changed also from Vomiting and sometimes a sudden loosning of the Belly the exercises of the sensitive Power as well as the Motive ought to be granted to them in Sleep But the Blood is circulated and flames forth in quiet the nourishing and Nervous Humors are dispensed yea and the superfluous and what is excrementitious are best separated or put forth Hence as it appears perpetual watches are kept about the midst or inmost part of the Animal Body In the mean time it is observed that Sleep urging all the External Senses are shut up also that all Spontaneous Motions whatsoever cease so that the Bodies being wholly subjected to ease lye as they were dead Further the Internal Powers related to these such as are the Common Sense Phantasie Memory Appetite conspire together with these External Powers and either wholly omit their Acts or exercise them but obscurely and confusedly From these it may be plainly gathered that the Animal Spirits which are the next or efficient Instrument of Sense and Motion are also the immediate
pain of the Head is wont to be accounted the chiefest of the Diseases of the Head and as it were to lead the troops of the other Affections of that part for that it is the most common and most frequent symptom to which indeed there is none but is sometimes obnoxious so that it is become a Proverb as a sign of a more rare and admirable thing That his Head did never ake The Headach though it be a most frequent Distemper hath so various uncertain and often a contrary original that it seems most difficult to deliver an exact Theorie of its appearance containing the solutions of so manifold and often opposite things This Disease being constant to no temperament constitution or manner of living nor to no kind of evident or adjoyning causes ordinarily falls upon cold and hot sober and intemperate the empty and the full bellied the fat and the lean the young and old yea upon Men and Women of every age state or condition Hence because they cannot satisfie any one sick with this Distemper with the causes of it most commonly they say they all proceed from Vapours Further the Cure of this Disease is more happily instituted not so much by certain Indications as by trying various things and at length by collecting an Extempory method of Healing from things helping and hurting Wherefore if I should go about to untye this hard knot by drawing forth the matter more deeply and more accurately I must ask for pardon if I am carried by a long compass thorow the various Series and Complication of Causes and if at length by any means the Aeriology or the Reason of this Disease may be fully detected a more certain way to its Cure may be opened Therefore that we may go on more fully to institute this Pathology or shewing the Causes or symptoms of this Disease we ought first of all to unfold the Subject and the formal reason of this Disease together with the Causes and differences then to subjoyn the Curatory method and to illustrate it with some more rare Cases and Observations As to the former as all pain is a hurt or violated Action or a troublesome sension or feeling depending on a Convulsion or a Corrugation of the Nerves the Subject of the Headach are the most nervous parts of the Head that is the Nerves themselves as also the Fibres and Membranes and such as are more and most sensible seated both without and within the skull But the parts of this kind which are affected with pain are first the two Meninges and their various processes the Coats of the Nerves the Pericranium or skin compassing the skull and other thin skinny Membranes the fleshy Panicle of the Muscle and lastly the skin it self As to the Brain and Cerebel and their Medullary dependences we affirm That these Bodies are free from pains because they want sensible Fibres apt to be wrinkled and distended the same for the like reason may be said of the Skull 2. But whensoever pain is excited any where about the nervous parts of the Head its formal reason consists in this That the Animal Spirits being drawn one from another and put to flight cause the containing Bodies to be pulled together and wrinkled and so stir up a troublesome sension or feeling But that which so distracts the Spirits that from thence a troublesome feeling arises is some improportionate thing rushing upon the Spirits themselves or on the Bodies containing them which entring the Pores of and spaces between the Fibres pulls them one from another and so drives the spirits dwelling there into disorder 3. As to the differences of the Headach the common distinction is That the pain of the Head is either without the Skull or within its cavity The former is a more rare and a more gentle disease because the parts above the Skull are not so sensible as the interior Meninges nor are they watered with so plentiful a flood of Blood that by its sudden and vehement incursion they may be easily distended or inflamed above measure Secondly The other kind of Headach to wit within the Skull is more frequent and much more cruel because the Membranes cloathing the Brain are very sensible and the Blood is poured upon them by a manifold passage and by many and greater Arteries Further because the Blood or its Serum sometimes passing thorow all the Arteries at once both the Carotides and the Vertebrals and sometimes apart thorow these or those on the one side or the opposite bring hurt to the Meninges hence the pain is caused that is interior which is either universal infesting the whole Head or its greatest part or particular which is limited to some private region and sometimes produces a Meagrim on the side sometimes in the forepart and sometimes in the hinder part of the Head There are many other differences of this Disease to wit That the Pain is either light or vehement sharp or dull short or of continuance continual or intermitting its approaches sometimes periodical and exact sometimes wandring and uncertain Also by reason of the Conjunct Cause which as shall be declared by and by sometimes is the Blood sometimes certain excrements of it as either the Serum or nourishing juice or vapours or wind sometimes it is the nervous liquor sometimes a congression or striving of it with the bloody liquor The Headach may be called either bloody and that either simple or else serous vaporous or otherways excrementitious or else Convulsive from the humor watering the nervous Fibres and irritating them into painful Corrugations Concerning these that we may proceed methodically we shall rehearse in a certain order the various kinds of this Disease with their Causes and it seems good that we distinguish the Pain of the Head to be either accidental or occasional and habitual The former is wont to be excited without any foregoing cause or previous disposition by the solitary evident cause as when an Headach happens almost to all men after the drinking of Wine Surfetting lying in the Sun or vehement exercise also in the fitts of Feavours to wit forasmuch as the Blood being incited more than it was wont and boiling up immoderately very much blows up and distends the Membranes it passes thorow yea the Serum and Vapors copiously sent forth from it then growing hot and rushing on the Membranes pull and provoke the nervous Fibres Secondly The habitual pain of the Head hath some procatartick or more remote Cause fixed somewhere by reason of which it is troubled either constantly or often so that though it sometimes intermits yet it often returns of its own accord and is excited also upon every light occasion but this whether it be continual or intermitting hath neither always nor only the Suffusions or too great Evaporations of the Blood or Serum for the Conjunct Cause although these are often present where notwithstanding they are rather
the Head-ach and there induces painful Corrugations and Inflations Further the Serum carries with it infestous Recrements as sulphureous saline sharp acid bilous or melancholic or of some other kind and fixes them to the nervous Fibres which cause an acute or dull a shorter or a longer pain The Headaches arising by reason of this kind of remote cause infest more grievously in the Winter time in a moist Air and in a Southern Wind Moreover Catarrhs of the Face Mouth Larynx and of other parts oftentimes accompany this Disease 3. The nourishing Juice or fresh Chyme being carried from the Blood to the solid parts and laid upon them by reason it becomes improportionate to some parts of the Head evilly disposed is wont to excite periodical fits of the Headach For this provision being laid up near some nervous Fibres because it cannot be assimilated begins to trouble them or burthen them after some stay and at length provokes them into wrinklings to expulse that which troubles them An Headach proceeding from such a cause as I have observed in many doth dayly come at so many hours after eating and continues a like space of time yea the times alter according to the manner of taking their repast both as to the quality and quantity and so also the fits of the pains are wont to vary 4. The nervous Liquor is a cause of pains by its inordination as oftentimes in other parts so also not seldom in the Head for this either degenerating from its temper or being imbued with dregs or filthiness does not pass thorow so freely the nervous Fibers but is apt to stagnate and to be heaped up in them to an irritative fulness and that chiefly within the Fibres made weak beforehand or of an evil conformation such as are sometimes the Membranes of the Head because in these predisposed the watering Liquor being hindred in Motion easily arises to an aggravating or provoking fulness so that the Fibres being so filled like the stomach too much crammed enter into Convulsions and painful wrinklings for the putting away their contents nor do they cease from them till they are freed of their burthen which notwithstanding afterwards being heaped up again sometimes sooner and sometimes later cause from thence others and so again other fits of pains The Headach arising from such a cause springs oftentimes without any notable turgescency of the Blood and gently and as it were of its own accord without any errors in dyet or living yet sometimes it may sooner arise by reason of disorders in the non-naturals and other accidents This is wont to come more often in the Morning and after long sleeping when the nervous Fibres have drunk in this humor more largely In the aforesaid Headaches the Morbifick matter is made up for the most part of one singular humor and so the fits of the pains are something more gentle and oftentimes sooner pass over But there is another Cause of this Disease when two humors like divers kinds of Salts meet together and grow mutually hot and so from the strife of dissimilar particles the Fibres are very much pulled and moved into very acute and cutting pains and are most commonly longer infested with them In this case one of the champions is always the nervous liquor but the other either the serous water or the nourishing juice We exempt the Blood because it only washes the passages of the Nerves and does not enter them deeply but the nervous humor by reason of the vices but now recited sometimes of it self pulls the containing Fibres and provokes them into painful Convulsions If that another humor either the Nutritious or Serous for both of them are wont to be guilty being little of kin be plentifully poured upon this so predisposed and copiously heaped up within the Fibres presently all the particles being raised up strive among themselves and so by a mutual effervency notably distend and haule the Fibres that from hence from their being long and greatly wrinkled most sharp and long remaining pains are induced Whether it be this or that humor meeting with the nervous juice that causes the Headach may be easily known from the proper irregularities above described of either peccant humor by it self By what means and for what more remote causes the humors either Nutritious or Serous offend as often as meeting with the Nervous humour contained within the Fibres move the fits of pains shall be declared anon in the mean time I think it sufficiently appears that the more frequent and habitual Headaches are produced chiefly by the fault of the nervous liquor because this is most intimate both with the Fibres themselves which are wrinkled and the Spirits which are moved into painful distractions also because the pains of the Head sometimes arise without any disorder or tumult of the Blood Serum or nourishing Juice and these being emptied or allayed after what manner soever oftentimes the Headach most pertinaciously continues But concerning the nervous Liquor when it is the cause of the Headach we observe that its fault is sometimes universal and sometimes private for sometimes it doth acquire its evil from the distempered part to wit forasmuch as being constrained to subsist or stagnate within the Fibres hurt by their conformation it is so perverted that at length being infested fermenting either by it self or with some other humor it irritates them into painful Corrugations Yet sometimes and especially in the more grievous Headaches we may suppose that the whole Mass of the nervous Liquor is in fault but the nervous parts of the Head partake of its evil before any others in the whole Body because these are the chief and nearest springs of the nervous Liquor and are also highly sensible wherefore the nervous Liquor when ever it is vicious either swelling up of its own accord or growing hot by another humour being poured unto it within the Meninges and other Membranes of the Head more than in the other parts of the Body becomes painful The thing appears to be so because a long and grievous Headach is wont to be Cured not so much by Remedies applyed or proper for the Head as by those which restore the Crasis or Constitution of the nervous Juice and the bloody Mass and such are Chalybeats or Steel Medicines and Antiscorbuticks or Medicines against the Scurvy Which certainly argues that the nervous Liquor where-ever it is in fault thorow the whole Body chiefly punishes the parts of the Head Thus much for the causes of the Headach both the procatartick or foregoing and the Conjunct there yet remain others more remote called Evident which raise up the former and provoke them into act or the painful means of affecting But they are of a various kind and of a divers operation to wit Whatever things are apt first to transfer the Morbific matter from another place into the part affected or secondly to move it before lodging in it
in the fault more often other humors being carried by its passage to the Head and there disposed cause the hurt Therefore when ever the Serous Colluvies or heap goes out from the Blood as was shown but now it causes Headaches frequently the signs of which are Catarrhs about other parts viz. the Nose Mouth or Throat being infested with them then abstinency and rest is to be ordered and that the belly be emptied by a Clyster for the allaying the flux of the Serum and that the matter be suffered to evaporate from the Membranes of the Head if these do not succeed and that the Headach ceases not quickly and of its own accord oftentimes in a more hot Constitution Phlebotomy is convenient to wit because the Vessels being emptied of Blood sup up the extravasated Serum But in frigid tempers Vesicatories or Blisters are of notable use applied to the hinder-part of the Head or nigh the Ears Then after the Belly is emptied by a Clyster the Flux may be allayed by the use of Anodynes or more gentle opiats that being allayed it may be convenient to exhibit a gentle Purge then Medicines which either move by Urine or Sweat or by both together that so they may gently evacuate the superfluous Serosities Medicines fit for this purpose may be every where found in Books which notwithstanding are not to be made use of by Empericks rashly and without distinction but ought to be designed according to the judgment and skill of a prudent Physician always having a respect to the Constitution the temperament and proper disposition of the Patient and to other accidents and circumstances and to be compounded or altered according as the matter requires yea sometimes to be prescribed extempore Wherefore since it will be altogether needless here to heap up many Receipts and a great pile of Medicines it shall be sufficient to propose in this place one or two forms only of every sort of Medicines respecting the chief intentions Take Pills of Amber half a dram Resine of Ialap four grains of Peruvian Balsam what will suffice to make four Pills let three be taken when the Patient goes to sleep and the other in the morning if they work not enough Or Take of sulphurated Scammony half a scruple of the Ceruse of Antimony fifteen grains of the Cream of Tartar eight grains make a Powder to be taken in a spoonful of Grewel early in the morning Take of the Sulphur of Antimony four grains of the Refine of Ialap five grains of the Cream of Tartar six grains bruise them together and with what will suffice of the Conserve of Violets make a Bolus to be taken early in the morning with care or by government Take of the Roots of Butchers-Broom Burdocks Cherefoil Avens each one ounce of preserv'd Eryngo an ounce and an half of the Florentine Iris three drams of the lesser Galangal a dram and an half of the Seeds of Burdock three drams of the dryed leaves of Betony Sage Vervine female Betony each half an handful of Raisins of the Sun stoned two ounces boil these in four pints of fair water till a third part be consumed then add to it of white Wine half a pound strain it and sweeten it if need be with syrup of the Five Roots two ounces take of this six ounces warm twice or thrice in a day a good while after meals For such as are indued with a more Cold and Phlegmatick Constitution the like Decoction of the Wood of Guaicum Sasafrass Sarsaparilla with the addition of the aforesaid Ingredients make an Apozem of which take six or eight Ounces twice or thrice in a day warm For the poor and oftentimes with good success for the rich I was wont to prescribe a Decoction of the dry'd leaves sometimes of Sage or Betony Vervine or Rosemary made of Spring-water and impregnated with the tincture of the Powder of the Berries of Coffee taken warm twice a day about six or eight Ounces 3. If that with the running out Serum Saline Acid Bilous or otherways Infestous particles received either wholely from the Mass of Blood or by its means from the Viscera are carried into the Membranes of the Head and being there fixed bring forth great acute and continual pains then it will be convenient to iterate spareingly the taking away of Blood yea and sometime a gentle Purge to apply cooling Medicines Anodynes and sweetners to the distemper'd places so oftentimes also to exhibite more gentle Hypnoticks or Medicines causing sleep at every turn also Apozems and the Juices of Herbs pressed forth which allay the fervour of Choler carry it forth gently by Stool or Urine and are of known use but in the mean time more sharp Medicines or the more strong whether they be purgative working by Sweat or Urine helping it for that they too much fuse and shake the Blood and Humors are carefully to be shunned I have frequently observed in those labouring with an acute and pertinacious pain in the Head the Serum swimming in the Blood being let forth to be dyed with a yellowness or Bilous Recrements being boiled in it also in this case let Phlebotomy be sparingly but often celebrated and the drinking Whey or Spaw-waters plentifully have helped before any thing else 4. Further by the fault of any Inward as the Stomach Liver Spleen or Womb or of any other by reason of the transmission of an evil Ferment the parts of the Head suffer then in the Cure of the Disease Remedies for the Spleen are to be given with Cephalicks or such as are proper to the Head Hence the Stomach being also in the fault these often times are helpful to such as are troubled with Headaches Elixir Proprietatis the Elixir of Vitriol of Mynsich the sacred Tincture Vitriol of Steel the Powder of Aron Compound and others ordinarily had for the Stomach for others whose heads partake of the evils of the Spleen Chalybeats or Medicines made of Steel often yield help Some Women troubled with Headaches have felt ease from Hysterical Remedies In like manner when the vices of other parts contribute to the Head-ach let there be joyned with the former shown you things to be taken for those parts 5. Sometimes the nourishing Juice as we showed already is the cause of the periodical Headach viz. forasmuch as this being poured on the Blood and not rightly assimilated by reason of disagreeing particles causes a swelling up in it so that the Blood boiling up into the Head carries its leavings or superfluities into the Meninges or into some of their predisposed parts and by this means stir up the Fibres into painful Convulsions I have known many for this cause to have been obnoxious to dayly Headaches whose Mass of Blood hath been vitiated after the Small Pox Measels and other Feavours and sicknesses viz. so many hours after eating sometimes sooner and sometimes later first a flushing of redness in the
the experience of the sick declare it to arise from Vapors yet from the Histories of them and their appearances rightly weighed 't is most clear that this proceeds from another reason than from Vapors carried to the Head from the distempered inward And in the first place as to the pains of the Head that seem to arise from the Womb there is nothing more frequent than that upon the suppression of the Monthly Flowers or the Lochia after being brought to bed or as they call it the flooding for cruel Headaches to succeed Further although the Terms do rightly flow yet some at the instant of its flowing others at the stopping of the same are wont to be troubled with a cruel pain of the Head But indeed though at the same time as the Head the Womb also is distemper'd however it doth not follow that the evil is transferred from hence thither immediately but the Blood it self which fixes the Morbific Matter to the Head carries it sometimes begotten in its proper bosom and destinated to the Womb wrongfully into the Meminges of the Brain and sometimes snatching it from the parts of the Womb delivers it with greater malice to the Head This same reason may also serve for the Headach commonly attributed to the Stomach Spleen and other parts A beautiful and young Woman indued with a slender habit of body and an hot Blood being obnoxious to an hereditary Headach was wont to be afflicted with frequent and wandring fits of it to wit some upon every light occasion and some of their own accord that is arising without any evident cause On the day before the coming of the spontaneous fit of this Disease growing very hungry in the Evening she eat a most plentiful Supper with an hungry I may say greedy appetite presaging by this sign that the pain of the Head would most certainly follow the next Morning and the event never failed this Augury For as soon as she awaked being afflicted by a most sharp torment thorow the whole forepart of her Head she was troubled also with Vomiting sometimes of an Acid and as it were a Vitriolick Humor and sometimes of a Cholerick and highly bitterish hence according to this sign this Headach is thought to arise from the vice of the Stomach That I may render a reason of this first it appears that a Vomiting will succeed a hurt upon the Head to wit after a blow or wound or a fall yet a pain of the Head rarely or never follows upon Vomiting the pain of the Heart or the Stomach any otherways labouring unless the Blood comes between Wherefore in the aforesaid case of the sick person as it appears plainly that the Meninges of the Brain were before disposed to Headaches its fits were stirred up by every agitation of the Blood hence it is obvious to be conceived when the heterogeneous particles are heaped up together to a fulness in the bloody Mass by reason of the vice of the Chyle presently a flux of it arising for the expulsion of the trouble those being but evilly match'd being separated by the Blood and partly poured forth out of the Arteries into the Ventricle do raise up its Ferment and so produce hunger and partly rushing into the predisposed Meninges of the Head do there dispose the tinder or rather incentive of the Headach about to follow This sick Gentlewoman averse to all Physick when she would undergo no method of Medicine at length became obnoxious also to Paralytick and Convulsive distempers Out of these it will be easie to design the reason of every other Headach viz. of the Hypochondriac Hepatic or otherways Sympathetical so that there need not here to be added any more Histories or Observations CHAP. III. Of the Lethargy THUS far we have described by what Disease chiefly and after what sort the out-skirts of the Head or the coverings of that enclosed within the Skull are wont to be affected and now descending to its more internal part and which lyes next to the Cortical or shelly substance we shall see to what distempers this part is found to be chiefly obnoxious We have shew'd at large in another place that the Cortex or shelly part of the Brain is the seat of the Memory and the porch of sleep wherefore we rightly referr the Disease which is wont to cause an excess of sleep and an eclipse or defect of memory to wit the Lethargy to that Cortical part of the Brain The word Lethargy is wont to signifie two sorts of Distempers which are as it were the act and the disposition of this Disease for those who are said to labour with this Disease or are sick of its great assaults are overwhelmed with so great sleepiness that they can scarce be excited by any impression of a sensible object yea if by chance being prick't or pinch't they open their Eyes or move their members presently they let them fall again and become insensible and oftentimes when left to themselves indulging a perpetual sleep by an easie transition they pass into death it self whose type this Disease is which kind of fits have often a Feavour joyned with them which when the sick awake and return perfectly to themselves for the most part ceases of its own accord Or secondly they are accounted Lethargical who being oppressed with an immoderate torpor or numness of the senses are found to be almost ever prone to sleep so that in the midst of a journey yea at dinner or though busied about any thing they presently fall into a drousieness But as there are diverse degrees and various manners of this sleepy distemper so also they constitute the various kinds of this Lethargick disposition We shall for the present speak first of the former Lethargy and properly so called and afterwards of continual Sleepiness also of the Coma Caro and other soporiferous Diseases akin to it and likewise of Continual Waking In the mean time it is to be noted that almost in every kind of Lethargy there is always as its Pathognomick sign a Torpor or Sleepiness and oblivion or forgetfulness Those who suffer the more grievous fits of this Disease if they are awakened by any force in their declination forget all things nor are they able to remember their own nor the names of their Friends also those who have drunk more sparingly of this forgetful cup as much as they are proclive to Sleep so much are they deficient in Memory so that they forget late actions and oftentimes repeat things done and very often ask the same questions As to the other faculties as Reason Phantasie the sensitive and loco-motive powers the failings or defects of them are proportionate according to the enormities of Sleep and Memory Wherefore that the formal reason and the causes of the Lethargy may be the beter known we should here first of all discourse concerning sleep and oblivion and for what causes they are excited But having already
Nature they either pursue their functions or the nervous Fibres every where erect themselves and put forth their utmost endeavours that they might drive forward the Blood flowing in them and Circulate it with a rapid motion I once visited an illustrious Lady who for some time had been miserably afflicted with Colick and Convulsive distempers and quite worn out and at length fell suddenly into a deadly Lethargy When I perceived her Pulse to beat strongly I prescribed that four ounces of Blood should be taken out of the jugular Vein which immediately leap'd from the opened Vessel with such force that I believe if it had been suffered the whole Mass of Blood would have flowed thence for the next day after her dead body being opened I found scarce four ounces more of Blood in her whole Body and yet she dyed thus in a Feavour The reason of the Lethargick Feavour is wholely the same which is seen to arise only from the Vital Organs being very much incited by labouring Nature and therefore vehemently driving about the Blood The prognostick of the Lethargy is shut within a strait limit for the fit of the Disease being for the most part acute is soon terminated either in Death or health and for the most part it is wont to give more of fear than of hope If it comes upon a malignant Feavour or hard to be cured or if it comes upon other Cephalick or Convulsive Diseases as the Headach Phrensie Madness Epilepsie or also upon a long and grievous Colick or Gout the Physician can predict nothing but evil nor is it less to be feared if it happen in a Body full of evil Humors or one long sick or in an old Man In like manner it is an evil omen if the sick being presently overwhelmed with a great Torpor or stupidness and almost Apoplectick cannot be awakened and if he breaths unequally and slowly or with a great snorting then the Disease increasing and the sick troubled with tremblings Cramps leapings of the Tendons and at length with Convulsive Motions it is to be esteemed desperate or without hope But if the Distemper be excited without any great foregoing Cause with an only Evident Cause as a Surfeit Drunkenness or by the use of Narcoticks a blow on the Head or some not deadly stroke we may expect the event to be less deadly or mortal Then if the Distemper arising from such occasions happens to a Body before whole and strong if it does not wholly take away the Sense and Memory at the first assault and after a short time the symptoms begin to remit a little of such a sick person you ought not to despair In every Lethargy if any Cause of the Disease is seen to be cut off and removed so that if by the help of Medicines or the instinct of Nature copious and helpful evacuations by Sweat Urine or by Stool do follow with ease or help or if by applying of Blistering Plasters a great deal of water flows forth if a swelling or great whelks or pustles break out behind the Ears or in the Neck if frequent sneezing happens or water flow from the Eyes or Nose thence a certain hope of health may be expected Hippocrates l. Coac c. 145. mentions a Cure of the Lethargy to be often made by the distemper of the Thorax saying That many Lethargicks that are stuffed with Phlegm have recovered Which words are wonderfully wrested by Interpreters Mercurialis understands by suppuration the putrified matter of the Disease to be evacuated by the Ears and Nostrils Prosper Martianus will have Hippocrates to be understood in the word Lethargy not the disease of the Head but of the Breast But wherefore are all these subterfuges when it often happens that the Morbific matter at first fixed in the Head and stirring up a continual sleepiness or Lethargy the same being thence supped up by the Blood and deposited in the breast doth produce an Empyema or a spitting like those whose Lungs are wasted In the description of a Soporiferous Epidemical Feavour which raged in the year 1661. we noted the same to have happened to many Concerning the Cure of this Disease for that it has no respite or truces it is not to be deliberated on after a sharp Clyster being given let a Vein be opened presently for the Vessels being emptied of Blood they are more apt to sup up the Serum or other Humors deposited in the Brain Further in this case I advise rather to open the Vein in the Neck than that in the Arm. Because by this means the Blood being very much heaped up within the bosoms of the Head and perhaps standing still is more easily reduced to an equal Circulation Letting blood being performed immediately other remedies of every kind are to be made use of Let Vesicatories or blistering Plasters be applied largely to the Neck and Legs anoint the Temples and Face with Oyl of Amber or Cephalick Balsoms lay over all the Feet a Cataplasm or Poultis made of Rue Crowfoot and Pepperwort with black Sope and Bay-salt use hard frictions or rubbings to the Members frequently apply to the Nostrils Salt of Urine or Spirits of Sal Armoniac Then let there be administred Cephalick Remedies Take of the Water of Poeony Flowers of black Cherries Rue and of Walnuts simple each three ounces of the Water of Poeony Compound two ounces of Castor tyed up in a rag and hung in the glass two drams of Sugar three drams mix them and make a Iulep let it be given about four or five sponfuls every three or four hours also with every Dose of this give twelve or fifteen drops of the Spirits of Amber or of Sal Armoniac or a paper of the following Powder Take of the Powder of the Root of Poeony the male of a Mans Skull of the Root of Virginian Serpentworth or Snakeweed of Contrayerva each one dram Bezoar and of Pearl each half a dram of Coral prepared one dram make a Powder and divide it into twelve parts Further here it is to be considered whether an evacuation either by Vomit or Stool should not be made I know that this is variously controverted among Authors and I have also known it performed with various success which being weighed and laid together I shall briefly propose my opinion If the Lethargy should arise upon a Surfeit or a late Drinking or if from taking some disagreeable things or Narcoticks presently let a Vomit be given wherefore you may give Salt of Vitriol with Wine and Oxymel of Squills or in strong bodies an Infusion of Crocus Metallorum or of Mercurius Vitae with black Cherry water Let it be given and if it doth not work of it self provoke Vomiting with a Feather thrust down the Throat But if the fit of the Disease comes upon a Feavour or any other Cephalick Distempers or if it be raised up primarily or of
when the Sun is in the Equinox the light on the Horizon and have neither perfect night nor perfect day so these only enjoy a kind of twilight betwixt sleep and waking The Waking Coma is rarely a Disease of it self but for the most part it is a symptom coming upon other Diseases as the Feavour Phrensie Lethargy and the like wherefore it requires not a Curatory Method peculiarly but there is only need that to the Remedies prescribed for the first or primary Disease there should be added other Cephalicks which may dispel these clouds and meteors of the Brain or if both will not be expelled together the same Medicine which cherishes the parts of the one getting the better will immediately overcome the other so in the Waking Somnolency it is convenient to procure either perfect sleep or perfect waking and in this case I have often given Narcoticks with good success CHAP. VI. Of the Incubus or Night-Mare THUS much concerning the morbid exorbitancies of irregular sleep and waking which are almost proper and as it were of the region of the Brain and affect not the Cerebel but rarely and that secondarily and collaterally as hath been shown But there remains a distemper commonly called the Night-Mare in Latine the Incubus which is both peculiar to this Region and also seems in some measure analogical to the sleepy diseases forasmuch as its fits arise for the most part from sleep by reason of the Animal Spirits being bound in the Cerebel or suppressed their eclipse or interruption though short about the exercise of the vital function is induced That the subject nature and causes of this Disease may be the better known we shall first consider its Phaenomena or the appearance of it The fits of the Incubus or Night-Mare for the most part and indeed only falling on one in sleep are used to be excited mostly after the stomach is loaded with undigested meats and lying on the back in Bed They who labour with it seem to feel the hurt chiefly in the Breast and about the Praecordia for respiration being suppressed and very much hindred they think that a certain weight lying heavily upon their Breast doth oppress them which weight mocks their imaginations with the Image of some spectre or other and this whilst they think to shake off or put away by the moving of their Body or members they are not able to stir themselves any way But after a long space and sometimes till they are almost dead they at last awake with a strugling about their heart and being more fully rouzed from sleep the imaginary weight suddenly vanishes and the motive force of the body is restored but for the most part a trembling of the heart remains and frequently a swift and violent beating of the Diaphragma Then the fit being over the deception of the phantasie conceiving the horrid image of the Incubus or spectre is perceived The common people superstitiously believe that this passion is indeed caused by the Devil and that the evil spirits lying on them procures that weight and oppression upon their heart Though indeed we do grant such a thing may be but we suppose that this symptom proceeds oftenest from mere natural causes though what they are and in what place the Morbific matter doth subsist is not agreed on among Authors nor indeed is it easily to be assigned Because the imagination is deceived and the error being propagated further into the senses themselves so imposes on the sight and feeling that they believe they plainly see and feel a monster of this or that shape or figure lying upon them and for that the loco-motive faculty of the whole body is hindred in the mean time some have placed the seat of this Disease wholly in the Brain and would have the oppression of the breast to be merely phantastical But although we grant the monstrous shape of the Incubus which is conceived to be a mere dream the Precordia to be truly affected is apparent and the motion of the Pulse and breathing is suppressed or hindred for that the heavy weight of the breast is plainly felt by most in their waking yea and when thorowly fresh awaked and when that is removed the tremblings of the Heart and Diaphragma and inordinate motions follow whence it follows that these parts labour and suffer a real hurt Wherefore others that they might the more easily unloose this knot dividing the Morbific Cause assign a portion of it to the Brain and another to the Breast for they say that the motion of the Lungs are hindred by a viscous and very gross humor impacted about them and that doth excite as it were the oppression of a bulk lying on them with want of breathing then Vapors being raised to the Head do fill the principal Nerves and so hinder the loco-motive force which opinion no more likely than the conceptions of those troubled with the Night-Mare deserves not to be assented to because there are not any signs of this humor heaped up about the Praecordia which appear before or after the fit yea when this region is very much burthened as in the Phthisis Asthma or Dropsie of the Breast the Incubus does not therefore infest more frequently or more grievously Further it appears not how the matter heaped up in the Praecordia should be only troublesome in sleep or by what passage or way the Vapours from thence so suddenly inducing want of motion should be elevated to the Head Wherefore the Reason or Aetiology of this Distemper I think to be taken or judged of far otherwise Therefore this heavy weight or load lying on the breast seems indeed to be left because the motion of the Heart and the organs serving for breathing is hindred for from the motion of the heart ceasing or being hardly performed the Blood in its bosoms and in the breathing or Pneumonick Vessels statgnating and being there very much streightned a sense of as it were a weight opresses the region of the breast which also seems therefore the more grievous because the Lungs Diaphragma and Muscles of the Thorax being hindred in their motions and as it were bound together at the same time with the heart do labour with a great endeavour to exercise or to put forth themselves But the most hard question yet is concerning the Cause by reason of which the motion or action of the Praecordia is suppressed or hindred This seems impossible to be done by matter impacted in the organs themselves of which indeed there must be a very great deal to suffice for the hindrance of so many parts and some signs of it at least would appear somewhat out of the fit wherefore it seems that we may rather say that the action of those parts are hindred because the influx of the animal spirits are hindred or suppressed This is frequently done in Convulsive Distempers as we have elsewhere declared and have clearly shewed by
good dyet let her take also Morning and Evening a Dose of Cephalick Powder or Electuary drinking after it a draught of Posset drink with the leaves of Sage or Betony or the Roots or Seeds of Poeony boiled in it Let the Infant take twice a day a spoonful of proper Distilled Water Let him have an Issue made in the nape of the Neck and let it lye sometimes on one side and sometimes on the other and rarely or never on its back If a Neck-lace of Coral or little balls of the Seeds or Roots of the male Poeony be worn about the Neck or at the pit of the Stomach it is not altogether useless if that in sleep being often and grievously shaken they are seen to be more dangerously troubled with this Distemper let Blisters be raised in the hinder part of the Neck or behind the Ears also Evening and Morning let there be daily given a Dose of the Powder of Ammoniacum or other proper Dose in a spoonful of Distilled Water or Iulep CHAP. VII Of the Vertigo or a turning round in the Head HAving viewed the exterior compass of either part of the Head and detected the Diseases which beset the sensitive soul about the first beginnings and last springs of the Animal Spirits we shall next descend to the middle part of the Brain where the phantasie and common sense reside and behold what kind of passions these parts are obnoxious to Concerning this in the first place we shall note that sometimes troops or rather mighty armies of Spirits inhabiting these places are affected and sometimes also small handfuls or bands then again many of them are affected together or else only a few at a time or they become Elastick from an heterogeneous Copula and so are compelled into inordinate motions or as it were explosive or shooting off as in the Epileptick fit or suffering an eclipse as in the Apoplexy are deprived of all motion Concerning the former disposition of the Spirits we have formerly treated largely enough and the astonishing Disease we shall handle afterwards But in this place we shall speak of a certain Passion or distemper belonging to these parts viz. the Vertigo in which a certain band or handful of the Spirits are affected and their motions are seen to be partly perverted and partly suppressed Being but little solicitous about the names by which the Vertigo is wont to be known we shall describe the nature or formal reason of it after this manner viz. The Vertigo is an Affection or Distemper in which the visible objects seem to turn round and the sick feel a perturbation or confusion of the Animal Spirits in the Brain that they do not rightly flow into the Nerves Wherefore the visive and the loco-motive faculties do often in some measure fail that those labouring with it fall and oftentimes are covered with darkness In this fit it is observed that the imagination and the common sense are in a manner deceived whilst they believe the quiet objects to be moved but the rational judgment remains for we understand our error and we presently ascribe this fallacy to the inordination of the Animal Spirits for that we plainly know that the spirits flowing within the Brain do decline from their wonted irradiation or beaming forth and do not rightly perform the offices of motion and sensation during the fit That we may find out the Morbific Cause and the preternatural manner of the Vertigo we shall inquire after what manner this same affection or Distemper how extempory or sudden soever it be is wont to be excited from non-natural things for men ordinarily become Vertiginous or have a turning in their head with a long turning round of the body looking down from an high place passing over Bridges Sailing and by Drunkenness and many other ways It will be worth our while to consider a little further the means of affecting by which these exterior actions stir up this turning or rolling about from whence it will the better appear what kind of intrinsick causes â—ay be able to excite this passion In the first place therefore when men are foâ—â—ome time turned about both in that motion all things seem to be turned about and also they ceasing from turning about that still continues in the phantasie so that the affected oftentimes fall to the ground further though they shut their eyes they still perceive as it were a turning round like the turning about of a Mill in the Brain The reason of these is not that the deception of the sight is first brought to the eyes and afterwards continued for some time because this affection is caused by the turning round of the body whether they look with or shut their eyes But indeed the cause of this apparition wholly depends upon the fluid substance of the animal spirits For that the spirits flowing within the Brain are even like to water or a thick heap of Vapors included in a Phial which being shaken round about together with the Vessel and made so to turn about continues for a time that motion though the Vessel stands still in like manner also when the body of a man is turned round about the spirits inhabiting the Brain from that turning about of the Head like the containing Vessel are agitated into spiral or round motions and when therefore they cannot irradiate the Nerves with their wonted influx and direct beams from hence oftentimes a Scotomy or dizzness and a failing of the feet together with a rotation or whirling about of visible objects are induced The visible Hemisphere seems to turn round because as the sensible impression is received by the means of the recipient so the objects as the spirits seem to be moved round about Secondly looking from on high and passing over Bridges stir up a Vertigo or giddiness in the Head for that there is a terror cast on the imagination from unaccustomed objects as also from the site of the body or going in danger whence that being very solicitous how it should rightly order and more firmly direct the spirits into the bodies of the Nerves calls them back into the middle part of the Brain and so perverts them from their wonted afflux and irradiation and whilst it indeavours to set their battel in better array and to direct them more surely by too great a care drives them into a certain confusion and irregular motion Wherefore 't is observed that drunken men and very bold because they are not careful or solicitous concerning the guiding of the animal spirits suffer no such thing Sailing or riding in a Coach causes a turning in the Head by the like reason as the turning round of the Body because the very fluid spirits being too much agitated like water shaken in a Glass leap hither and thither disorderly Further it is wholly for the same reason why many going by Ship or by Coach are subject also to cruel Vomiting to wit because the spirits being snatched
into disorder by too great a motion and confused fluctuation run inordinately into the heads of the Nerves of the wandring pair and for that reason stir up Convulsions and Convulsive motions in the Bowels Thirdly 'T is observed that the Vertigo comes upon Drunkenness as a known symptom and that to those unaccustomed the drinking though moderately of Wine or strong Ale also the taking of Tabaco easily induces the same affection the reason of which is because from the Liquor or vapour so taken certain fierce particles and untameable are carried into the Brain by the passages of the Blood and nervous Juice which being improportionate and incongruous to the Animal Spirits drive them hither and thither from their wonted tracks of flowing and reflowing or ebbing and so move them into whirlings and turnings about These are the chief occasions or solitary evident causes which do use to bring the Vertigo or turning round in the Head to some men how sound of constitution soever they be which kind of effect these occasions produce forasmuch as the Animal Spirits being disturbed beyond their set courses and orders are moved inordinately fluctuating here and there both within the passages of the Brain and also some of them like a thred broken off from their wonted irradiation into the nervous Stock For these being always reciprocal depend mutually one of another to wit a perturbation of the Spirits within the middle part of the Brain and their flowing forth into the nervous Stock being hindered for from what ever cause either effect is induced the other immediately follows A turning round of the body going in a Coach or in a Boat or Ship also Drunkenness and the unaccustomed fume of Tabaco compel the spirits in the Brain to fluctuate and shake disorderly which for that cause are presently inhibited from their wonted flowing into the Nerves that those so affected can hardly go or stand in like manner on the contrary looking from on high passing over Bridges a languishment or syncope falling on them recal the spirits from their wonted emanation who for that cause tumultuating within the Brain or being moved inordinately cause a Scotomy or dizziness or a turning round of the objects These things being thus premised concerning the Vertigo raised up by reason of an outward accident or from a solitary evident and non-natural cause we shall next inquire how and by what means it is wont to be induced from an intrinsick and preternatural cause Concerning these take notice that the Vertigo is sometimes a symptom depending upon some other Distemper placed sometimes within the Brain and sometimes without it but sometimes this is a Disease of it self which being raised up within the middle part of the Brain becomes very troublesome and often terrible and very hard to be Cured As to the former many Cephalick Diseases or such as belong to the Head viz. Acute pain the Lethargy Epilepsie Carus Apoplexy with many others do often accompany the Vertigo to wit because the equal expansion of the Spirits in the Brain and therefore their irradiation into the nervous Stock from such like various Morbific causes are easily hindred or disturbed as shall hereafter appear when we deliver the Aetiology or reason of the Vertigo as it is a Disease of the Brain But sometimes this symptom is wont to be produced by reason of other Distempers placed a long way from the Brain and that chiefly by two ways or means For first it is usual for a dizziness to arise by reason of the flowing of the Blood being suddenly called away from the Brain as in a Syncope or Swooning great want coming near it wicked hard labour great Haemorrhagies or expence of blood long fasting in passions of violent sadness and fear yea by reason of other occasions when the motion of the blood is deficient or fails in the heart so that the affected are proclive to faintings and swooning away presently because the tribute of the vital liquor is withdrawn the animal Spirits growing deficient in the Brain withdraw their radiation from the nervous Stock for when their spring is cut off those that remain leaping back from their emanation wander about confusedly in the Brain and very often stir up the Vertiginous Distemper Secondly an inordinate recourse or flowing back of the Animal Spirits from some inward or from some outward member often causes the Vertigo forasmuch as the Spirits being disturbed from the affected part by a long series thorow the passages of the Nerves at length disturb others inhabiting the middle part of the Brain and drive them into the like disorders for this cause it is that sharp humors gnawing or pulling the Fibres of the Ventricle because the infestous and irritative matter being moved in the Spleen Pancreas or Intestines causes light dizzinesses in the Brain I have known from an accute pain an Ulcer or a mortified Inflammation in the Foot or Arm frequent tremblings and failings though short in the Brain to have been induced Whilst that the conceived inordination of the spirits is transferred from the distemper'd part thorow the Nerves into the Brain a certain Formication or tingling or as it were the ascent of a cold air is seen and perceived wherefore the cause of this Distemper is commonly ascribed to Vapours arising up to the Head which error we have elsewhere sufficiently confuted Further many are wont when they have fasted or stayed long beyond their hour of dineing to have a dimness before their eyes and their heads to have a turning and then afterwards those clouds vanish having eaten a little this does not so happen according to the vogue of the people for that wind or vapours ascend to the Head from the empty Stomach which the aliments being taken in do immediately suppress but because the Fibres of the Ventricle and the nervous Filaments or little strings being destitute of the nervous Juice with which they desire to be watered are wont to enter into corrugations or wrinklings and light Convulsions which kind of Convulsions and disorders of Spirits for that they are continued thorow the passages of the Nerves into the Brain produce the Vertiginous Distemper which as soon as the Fibres of the Stomach remit their wrinklings ceases of its own accord For this reason I have known some by a Vomit being given tearing the coats of the Ventricle to have been taken with a cruel Vertigo yea I do suspect that this Distemper does sometimes arise from meats of ill digestion and ungrateful to the stomach But the Vertigo is not only a symptom but sometimes a primary Disease of it self whose nature that we may the better search into we ought to inquire into its subject the formal reasons and causes of it and then these being found out and truly unfolded we will proceed to its prognostick and Cure Without doubt the immediate subject of the Vertigo are the Animal Spirits which every one labouring with this Disease
in so much that in walking he sometimes would fall flat on the ground Being sent for to Cure him I prescribed Phlebotomy with a gentle Purge and after a little respite to be repeated again further I took care to have the Electuary and mixtures given him such as we noted above with Blistering Plasters and other administrations not to be neglected A fortnight after no ease following from these I gave him a Vomit of the Salt of Vitriol and the infusion of Crocus Metallorum by which when he had easily vomited ten times he began to find himself better and by using further altering Cephalicks for about a fortnight more he became perfectly well and from that time for six years he took yearly spring and fall a Vomit with some other Medicines though he continued in perfect health A certain Gentleman about sixty six years of Age when he had lived for a long time obnoxious to a light Vertigo and that was wont to be excited only occasionally about the end of the last Autumn labouring more grievously with this Distemper he also became forgetful Being sent for to visit this Man after he had been sick about three weeks I found him very much changed in his looks and countenance the vigor of both being diminished Seeing that he was daily distemper'd towards evening with a small Feavour his Pulse beating high and vehemently I first caused blood to be taken out of his Arm and after six or seven days out of the Hemorrhoidal Veins and then I took care for Blisters to be made behind the Ears and hind part of the Neck and two large Issues between the shoulders Inwardly at physical hours he took daily Cephalick Medicines almost of every kind Within a months space he seem'd to recover and began to walk abroad and to take care of his houshold affairs and other businesses but in the beginning of the Winter taking cold by going daily abroad he fell into a little Feavour with a greater perturbation of the spirits within his Head for becoming every evening delirous he hardly knew what he said or did But within seven or eight days blood being taken away and a slender dyet used the Feavour vanished but the distemper of the Brain was changed from its former state For the Vertigo wholly ceasing he became very forgetful and Paralytick in all his right side As to his Head being asked whether it was clear and free from the dizziness and confused Phantasms he answered that as to those things he never was better in his life For he well understood his infirmity knew his Friends and Relations and others who came to visit him but could hardly remember the names of any of them and when he began to talk of any thing he wanted words to express his mind Then as to his Distemper in his side in his right Arm and Leg there was not only a â—oosning wholly and a want of motion but in either there grew a great white waterish Tumor in so much that not only the Cure but his life was despaired of to be long prolonged yea the Magistracy and Offices which he held were sought for by others However I did not desist from my curatory work the most skilful Physician Doctor Wharton being called to my assistance Carefully administring to the sick by our joint counsels we prescribed solutive Pills to be taken at times and in Medicinal hours on other days Cephalick Antiscorbutick and Antiparalytick Remedies His head being shaven we ordered a Plaster of Gumms and Balsoms to be laid upon it and the loosened parts to be anointed with Oyls and Balsoms and to be strongly rubbed Whilst these things were doing with some success as to the greater clearness of his intellect I know not from what cause he fell into a Feavour in the midst of the Winter so that for several days and nights he grew extreamly hot with burning great thirst and interrupted sleep his tongue being scorch'd and having a white scurf his Pulse was high his Urine red and full of contents We abstained from Phlebotomy by reason of his Age and Palsie and especially because of the Dropsie begun in the distemper'd side but with a slender dyet prepared of Barly Broths and Grewel we order'd him day by day Iuleps Apozems and other Remedies moving Sweat and Urine and when about this time the Issues between his shoulders flowed very much the sick man began to grow better as to his Memory and Palsie and from thence profiting daily and by degrees growing well of both his distempers together with his Feavour he was restored to perfect health within a fortnight and is still living in health In this sick man there was a notable motion and a various change or translation of the Morbifick matter for what was at first in the middle part of the Brain viz. sitting on the Callous Body stirred up the cruel Vertigo the same afterwards increased and as it is probable being further diffused into the infoldings of the Brain brought forgetfulness or oblivion to the former Distemper Then forasmuch as the same matter being moved by the Feavour and a little discussed falling partly on one of the streaked bodies brought the Palsie of one side and being partly expulsed into the compass of the Brain almost took away the Memory the Callous Body in the mean time obtaining a clearness and lastly it was not without the help of the other Feavour that the Morbifick matter being discussed from these two last nests was wholly carried away the sick being restored to health Lately being tired out with the continual complaints of a certain man troubled with the Vertigo after many other Remedies tried in vain I prescribed at length that for the space of a month he should take daily twice a day about a spoonful of the following Powder drinking after it a draught of the Decoction of Sage or Rosemary impregnated with the Tincture of Coffee Take of the Powder of the Roots of the male Poeony two ounces of the Flowers of the same bruised and dryed in the Sun one ounce of the whitest dung of the Peacock half a pound of white Sugar two ounces make a Powder It is scarce credible how much help he received from this Remedy visiting me after a month he seem'd a new and another man being freed of the Vertigo he not only confidently walked about but was able to take care of his houshold affairs and to meddle with any hard business which he was not able to do before CHAP. VIII Of the Apoplexy As the seat of the Vertigo so also of the Apoplexy seems to be within the same more inward cloyster of the Brain viz. the Callous Body to wit because in either Distemper although in a far different degree the imagination and the common sense are affected viz. in the first the irradiation of the Spirits is wont to be obscured in some places and as it were broken with interspersed shades but in the latter the
therefore here pass over purposely in this part of the Diseases belonging to the Head and according to our wonted method descend yet lower to the other regions of the Brain and its dependences and now we shall endeavour next to describe the Distempers which belong to the Streaked Bodies Oblong Marrow and also to the Nerves and nervous Fibres We have formerly shewed that these parts do perform all the functions belonging to motion and sense wherefore the failing or the enormities of these are the affections of those Bodies or of the Spirits inhabiting them But indeed sense and motion are hurt chiefly after two manner of ways to wit either is wont to be perverted or hindred when Motion is perverted Cramps and Convulsions when Sense pain arises when either function or both together is hindred or abolished the Distemper is thence stirred up called the Palsie which we are at present about to handle Concerning Convulsion and Pain we have already treated The Palsie is described after this manner to wit That it is a resolution loosening or relaxation of the nervous parts from their due tensity or stiffness by which means Motion and Sense to wit either one only or both together in the whole Body or in some parts cannot be exercised after their due manner The nervous pats are loosened because the Animal Spirits do not sufficiently irradiate them nor blow them up nor actuate them with vigor The cause of which defect is either an obstruction of the ways by which their trajection or passage is hindred or the impotency of the Animal Spirits for that they are distemper'd with a numness or that being but few in number they do not lively enough unfold themselves By reason of these various means of being affected there arise diverse kinds of Palsies For in the first place as to motion by it self this spontaneous faculty which is chiefly and almost only lyable to the Palsie is sometimes taken away in the whole or altogether in some parts but sometimes this being only hindred is lessened or depraved Secondly In like manner also one sense only by it self or more together is sometimes wholly taken away and sometimes only much diminished or vitiated Thirdly Sometimes it happens that both powers are hurt at once We shall speak of each of these in their order and first of the Palsie in which spontaneous motion is abolished which we say is excited from two causes chiefly to wit the ways being obstructed and the Animal Spirits being touched with a numness or as it were with a certain malignant blast As to the former an interception of the Spirits from the loosned parts by reason of their passages being obstructed that always existing above them is wont to be caused in various places and for divers causes but chiefly it happens in the first sensory viz. in the Streaked Bodies or some where about the Medullar Trunks or lastly in the Nerves themselves and so either in their beginnings or middle processes or in their extreme ends i. e. the nervous Fibres When the evil or hurt is brought to the Streaked Bodies or the oblong or spinal Marrow it either obstructs the whole Medullar thread or rope from whence arises an universal Palsie below the distemper'd part or one moiety of it whence comes the Hemiplegia or Palsie of one side or it affects in one side or in both at once the little heads of some Nerves whence loosnings or resolutions are caused in this or that member apart from the others There are many means whereby the ways or passages of the Animal Spirits are obstructed in the aforesaid bodies First Either their passages are filled by an extraneous matter impacted in them Or Secondly They are pressed together by Blood flowing out of the Vessels a Serous deluge or some Tumor lying upon them Or Thirdly and lastly the unity or continuity is broken as by a stroke or wound or bruise also by excess of cold or heat According as these several places are distemper'd and the several means of their being affected we shall run thorow the chief cases of the Palsie together with the Aetiology or reason thereof with the manifold appearances of Symptoms in them and in the first place we will speak of the Palsie arising from an hurt brought to the common Sensory to wit the Streaked Bodies And indeed that it so comes to pass I have proved by ocular inspection and shall be plainly demonstrated anon by Anatomical observation Further as often as an universal or an half Palsie follows as it is often wont to do upon a Lethargy the Carus or Apoplexy any one may conceive that such a change of the Disease happens from a translation of the Morbific matter for that this at length going out of the Pores and passages of the Callous Body which it at first possest and sinking down a little lower runs into the Medullary tracks of one of the Streaked Bodies or perhaps both of them And so when the Animal Spirits are hindred from their wonted out-flowing or irradiation into the nervous Stock the motive faculty only or if the obstruction be very great both this together with the sensitive is hindred I have sometimes observed in a Palsie coming after a grievous fit of some other Disease that all the moving parts of either side have been loosened after a more light manner For though they were not able to perform the more strong motive endeavours yet for the most part they could extend bend yea and move their members hither and thither to wit because the Morbific matter being diffused abroad thorow both the Streaked Bodies had not so closely filled every where all the passages Moreover on the contrary I have known in a Palsie of one side so suddenly excited that there has been a far greater resolution so that they so struck were not able to move any way hand or foot nor any other member on the distemper'd side Further sometimes it happens from the Morbific matter being copiously fallen down and obstructing closely all the Medullary tracts of one of the Streaked Bodies that all the respective parts have not only been destitute of motion but some of them also of sense so that some members felt not any painful impression how vehement so ever it was Such a Distemper happening in a lesser degree is wont to excite a sense of numness or pricking or tingling such as in members lean'd or lain upon If it be demanded why sense is not always hindred as well as motion in every Palsie since as it seems either is performed by the same Nerves and Fibres within the same Medullary tracts so that one faculty is only the inversion of the other as to this we may say that as light beams thorow glass when wind is excluded so also sense being safe oftentimes motion is lost Besides sense is only a passion and a sensible impression which is propagated from the organ by a continuity of
the nervous process to the common sensory without any endeavour or labour of the Spirits which may be done though the common sensory be in some measure obstructed and the Spirits inhabiting it benummed But motion is a difficult and laborious action to which is required that the Spirits expand or stretch out themselves lively and not only put forth as it were explosive endeavours in the moving organs but chiefly about the parts where the beginning of the motion and its first force is and from thence in the whole passage thorow the nervous parts Wherefore as but a few Spirits and bound suffice for sense many free and expeditious as to their expansions are required for motion But that the Morbific matter being slid down into the Streaked Body the Muscles of the Eyes Mouth and Face do still retain their motions it is because that some of them about the beginning of the Spinal Marrow below all the Nerves arising from the oblong Marrow have their place of obstruction I say that it is so because the Nerves destinated to the aforesaid Muscles the motions of which are stirred up by natural instincts and brought from the fifth and sixth pair even as the Nerves serving the Praecordia and Viscera derive chiefly the influences of the Animal Spirits from the Cerebel whose regiment though the Streaked Body be distemper'd remains often unhurt Not only an obstruction of the Streaked Body but also a compression sometimes causes the Palsie as shall be shewed by and by from Anatomical observation to wit when the blood is extravasated and growing cloddery within the inferior cavity of the Brain and perhaps a Serous deluge is there heaped up and doth lie heavily upon the Streaked Body and press it together so that for that reason the Medullary tracts being bound together are hindred from the Spirits flowing into them Next after the Streaked Bodies the seat of the Morbific Cause is in the oblong and spinal Marrow also sometimes in these though rarely an obstruction but more often a compression or a solution of the unity excite the Palsie As to the former it is not probable that great plenty of Morbific matter should be sent from the Brain into this or that part together and in heaps for such a great and sudden flux hardly happens beyond the streaked Bodies But it may be suspected that Narcotick or otherways deadly Particles being forthwith poured forth into the Brain and from thence thrust forth into its appendix doth at first stick within the more narrow spaces of the Medullary Trunk and then by degrees being heaped up causes the Paralytick obstruction whilst these Particles are carried in the Brain here and there in the Callous or Streaked Bodies they stir up frequent Vertigoes and mists before the eyes and sometimes in the motive parts short numnesses but these being by degrees heaped up together within the Trunk of the oblong Marrow or the spinal forasmuch as they possess all or part of its passage and by that means either obstruct all the Pores of the Spirits at once or some ranks or orders of them they bring forth either an half Palsie or a loosening of some members sometimes the superior sometimes the inferior I have observed in many that when the Brain being first indisposed they have been distemper'd with a dullness of mind and forgetfulness and afterwards with a stupidity and foolishness after that have fallen into a Palsie which I often did predict to wit the Morbific matter being by degrees fallen down and at length being heaped up some where within the Medullar Trunk where the Marrowy Tracts are more straitned than in the Streaked Body to a stopping fulness For according as the places obstructed are more or less large so either an universal Palsie or an half Palsie of one side or else some partial resolutions of members happen But in either Marrow and especially the Spinal an interception or inhibition of the Spirits creating a Palsie most often happens from a compression or a breaking of the unity The extravasated Blood or the Corruption flowing from the broken Imposthum and perhaps a Serous deluge being deposited within the hollowness of the Back-bone yea also an hard Tumor being risen somewhere in it by pressing together the marrowy rope shuts up the ways of the Spirits Further either a stroke wound or bruise of the Head or spine yea and a distortion of this latter do often pervert or break off the Marrowy Tracts yea an excess of cold taken in Frost and Snow straitens and stops up the passages of the Spirits Those kind of cases and instances being obvious enough to common observation there will not be any need here to speak of them particularly or to unfold them more largely Thirdly The Morbific cause being sometimes planted lower possesses either the greater Trunks or the lesser shoots of the Nerves themselves and that likewise is either an obstruction or a compression or a breaking of the unity by reason of any of these ways and according to the like means of affecting within the nervous passages as in the marrowy it is wont to be excited The oppilative or stopping Particles being fallen down from the Brain and carried forward into the oblong Marrow enter into the Nerves destinated to the Muscles of some parts of the Face and by obstructing the ways of the Spirits in them bring forth the Palsie in the Tongue and sometimes a loosening in these or those Muscles of the Eyes Eye-lids Lips and of other parts and then by reason of the contrary Muscles being contracted beyond measure they stir up a Cramp or Convulsion in the opposite part Nor is it less usual for the same Particles for that they are fewer to be carried yet further without any great hurt into the Spinal Marrow and lastly going forth from it to run sometimes into the several Trunks of the Nerves and sometimes into some handfuls of them and for that reason to induce the Palsie to the several Muscles or members or in some of them only As often as for this cause the Muscles of one side of the Neck are resolved or loosened the other opposite being too much contracted render the Neck twisted or awry It ordinarily happens by reason of some private Nerves being so obstructed for some Fingers of the Hand or Toes of the Feet to be loosened But if many handfuls of Nerves together happen to be stopped a Palsie follows oftentimes in the whole Arm or Thigh It would be too tedious to mention every case here by which the Nerves are wont to be stopped about their beginnings middle processes or utmost ends to wit the Membranaceous or Musculous Fibres by reason of compression or breaking of the continuity and so deny the exercise of the moving faculty to the respective parts The reasons of these kind of Distempers are so clear and manifest and so commonly known that it would be superfluous to insist on the
have known many Epileptical persons and others troubled with Convulsions by reason of the motive function being abolished or inhibited in this or that part to become at first lame and then Bed-rid the reason of which seems to be because the Morbific matter being continually admitted within the tracts of the Brain and its appendix both medullar and nervous and often thrust forth doth at length so debilitate and dilate them so that it gives an open passage besides to other kind of Particles either Narcotick or Vitriolick by reason of which the Palsie comes after the Convulsion Further I have often observed by reason of the diverse mingling of the Morbific matter like as when Rain and Snow happen together that the sick have at once been infested both with Convulsive motions and the Palsie A notable example of this with the reason of it we have fully described in our Tract of Convulsive Diseases Chap. IX p. 115. 2. They who are frequently and grievously obnoxious to the Colick at length become also Paralytick The case is so frequent here that the succession of this Disease is accounted among its prognosticks for those who are wont to suffer cruel fits of torments in the Belly returning by intervals or are troubled with pains about the Viscera of the Abdomen cruel and almost continual at length have wandring pains in their Body and Members and then afterwards stupors or numness and lastly resolutions or want of motion The cause of these effects proceeds both from the seat of the Disease and the Morbific matter being changed to wit this which being very small but sharp and irritative runs only into the Sphlanchnick Nerves and so by reason of the Fibres of the Viscera being pulled did stir up in them Cramps and pains afterwards becoming more copious and also duller and Narcotick pours down thorow the Spinal Marrow and entering into the Nerves destinated to these or those Members or Muscles brings forth resolutions in the respective parts We shall more largely shew the reason of this when we treat of the Colick It is a very ordinary observation that the Palsie comes upon the Gout frequently in the Members obnoxious to it the reason of it is easily known forasmuch as in this sickness the Morbific matter is twofold and doth depose salt and as it were lixivial Particles thorow the Arteries and as we suppose others sourish or acetosous to come to them by the Nerves as shall be more largely shown hereafter it is no wonder if that at length other sorts of Particles become companions to them by other beaten ways and at length either by filling or by compressing obstruct the very small passages of the Spirits As to what belongs to the evident causes of the Palsie to wit for what fore-causes or occasions those disposed to this Disease contract it the sooner or that having been taken with it already are yet wont to be more grievously tormented I say whatsoever doth more vitiate the Blood also those things that stop up the Brain and its nervous appendix or stir up suffusions of the Morbific matter in it also what do inflict a Narcosis or stupefaction to the Spirits or lessen their numbers may be brought hither In this rank first occur the disorders in the six non-naturals an evil manner of living drinking thin clear Wine or strong hot liquors too much sleep or too untimely an idle and sedentary life immoderate Venus too much loss of blood a moist Air or Marshie dwelling an House new Plastered Metalick fumes and vapors frequent use of Narcoticks or stupefying Medicines or too much taking Tobacco excess of cold heat or moisture vehement and long passions of sadness or fear with many others all which we have not here leasure to recite Thus much concerning the Palsie in which the loco-motive faculty is abolished or lost or very much hindered by reason of the ways of the Spirits being obstructed and themselves affected with a certain stupefaction in the whole or in the respective parts There follows another kind of this Disease depending upon the want and fewness of Spirits in which although motion be not deficient in any part or member wholly yet it is not performed by any but weakly and depravedly only For though the distemper'd are free from want of motion they are not able however to move their members strongly or to bear any weight moreover in every motive indeavour they labour with a trembling of their limbs which is only a defect of debility and of a broken strength in the motive power For when strength is wanting for the lifting up of any member firmly and at one essay or endeavour Nature flagging acts with a more often repeated tryal or endeavour and so the part being in motion is compelled as it were to shake and tremble To which happens that when the nervous Fibres flagging or growing weak they are not able to sustain the Tonick endeavour or the stiffness in the Animal regiment and these endeavouring or striving to exert or put forth their utmost power enter into motions as it were Convulsive and reiterate them perpetually Wherefore in some Paralyticks there is always a trembling and shaking in all the limbs Those who thus become Paralytick by the paucity or want of Spirits and so from their small or diminished dispensation into the nervous System are made obnoxious to such a Distemper by reason of various causes and occasions First Extream or unhealthy old age or immoderate loss of blood or the genital humor induce this kind of Paralytick disposition in many men to wit because from the wasted blood and almost liveless there is stilled forth into the Brain but a very small stock or provision of Animal Spirits Secondly Almost for the same reason the loco-motive faculty grows weak or fails in persons greatly Scorbutick and such as are full of indigested juice for such not being fit for any strong exercise go infirmly and weakly and are very much tired by any long or swift walking further by any more heavy endeavour they suffer often times a numness in their limbs with an impotency of moving them For indeed the bloody Mass is in these very watry and stuft with impurities and for that the Brain being weak and loose as to its Pores admits easily all sorts of filthinesses into it self wherefore fewer Animal Spirits being only created and those not clear and subtil but dull and hindred by the adhesion of a more thick matter although there is not always an obstruction of the ways or a Narcotick disposition they are not able to unfold themselves into motive endeavours Thirdly Not only Scorbutical persons but also many others hardly and long growing well from some Chronical Disease are distemper'd with Members very much loosened from their due vigor and strength and with a languishing of their Limbs that though they are well in their stomach and have a good and laudable Pulse and Urine yet they are
his belly swell'd his breathing was yet more hard and troublesome that he could now scarely draw breath His Pulse was very weak and upon any motion of his Body he had frequent swoonings away and loss of Spirits Hence as there 〈…〉 rce any place left for purging Cordials and Antiparalytick Remedies were only to be insisted on but notwithstanding the use of which this sick man within a fortnights time labouring for many hours under a Dyspnoe or want of breath at length expired The immediate cause of whose Death I suspect to have been the manifold concretions of the blood in the Heart for when the motion of the Praecordia for a long time was very much hindred there seems nothing more probable than that these kind of gobbets as it were fleshy should increase within the Ventricles of the Heart For the illustrating of the Theory of the Palsie a little more and also of the Lethargy and Carus I shall add this other example with Anatomical observations which happened whilst the former were in the Press A little one a little above three years old of a moist or humid Brain as appeared by most grievous sore Eyes and the watry whelks or pustles of the face to which it was sometimes obnoxious falling ill about the beginning of Autumn with a slow Feavour and lost Appetite it became very torpid and sleepy so that it would sleep almost continually day and night but being awake he knew those standing about him and answered very aptly to their Questions To this Child fit Remedies being presently and diligently given viz. Clysters Blistering Plasters Purges also Juleps Spirits of Harts-horn Powders with many others used in these cases they prevailed so much that within six or seven days the sick Child being free from its Feavour waking enough and desiring Food seemed to grow well and to have scarce any more need of a Physician But in a short time after by what occasion uncertain falling into a relapse and again sleepy was presently seised with a most grievous stupefaction so that it was hardly to be awakened and scarce knew any one or what it did it self the next day being plainly stupid though being strongly pulled it did open its Eyes it would roll them about hither and thither and saw nothing but within a day or two a Palsie follow'd in its whole right side The former Remedies were repeated and besides sneezing Medicines chawing Medicines to draw down Rheum by the mouth a taking away of Blood with Poultisses applied to the Feet and all its Head being shaven drawing Plasters were put all over its Head with other Medicines and ways of administrations prescribed in order nothing profited but that this sick Child after its lying so insensible for four or five days at length its breath and Pulse failing dyed It s dead Body being opened we found almost all things sound enough in the lower and middle bellies i. e. in the Belly and Breast unless that in the right Kidney a whitish mattery Humor or as it were a thin Corruption had begun to be heaped together which plentifully flowed forth out of some parts of the Kidney being disfected and squeezed together This did seem to have been the beginning or a certain rudiment of a future Imposthum and perhaps by reason of the Serum not sufficiently separated here it s greater plenty had slowed to the Brain For the top of the Skull being taken away the anterior region of the Head almost to the insertion of the fourth bosom swelled up being covered with clear water shining thorow the Membranes which presently flowed forth when the Meninges were dissected Further in this place portions of the Brain being by pieces cut off appeared too wet and without any red or bloody pricks but in the hinder border of the Brain the Vessels were red with blood and the Cortical substance appeared without tumor or deluge of water more close and firm From these as we have affirmed before it manifestly appeared that the cause of the Lethargy did depend upon the watry flood or as it were Anasarca or Dropsie of the outward part of the Brain The Brain being cut piece-meal and an hole made in the anterior cavity distended by the water the clear water being before as it were penned up within a more narrow space leaped forth a great plenty of which had filled all the Ventricles to the top and as it seems by compressing the Optick chambers as in the other case above described brought in blindness and by entring or pressing together one of the Streaked Bodies or its Pores caused the Palsie The Choroeidal Infoldings appeared as it were half boiled whitish and almost without blood It is probable that the water did flow forth of these Vessels by which the Ventricles of the Brain were overflown all or at least the greatest part of it although in this case if as some think the watry Latex or Humor sliding down lower from the shelly part of the Brain the Brain being at length thorowly passed thorow did rain down into these bosoms we may from thence aptly fetch a reason wherefore the Lethargy at first thought to be cured returned afterwards more cruel accompanied with blindness and the Palsie to wit because at first the stock of the sleepy matter falling down from the shelly part of the Brain into its cavity the animal function was a little cleared but afterwards when new matter sprung up in the Cortex of the Brain and this sliding forward into its bosom was heaped up to a fulness for that reason happened the relapse of the former Disease with those companions of blindness and the Palsie But although the Dropsie of the interior Brain or the inundation of its Ventricles by compressing either the Streaked Bodies or the optick chambers raised up the Palsie or blindness or by pulling the beginnings of the Nerves the Convulsive Distempers yet it appears most evidently by our late Anatomical observation that the Lethargy did not arise from any such cause but only from the exterior part of the Brain being overflowed or pressed together A certain Gentleman a long time unhealthy after he had laboured almost for five months with the Colick or rather with a wandring Scorbutical Gout in which not only the Viscera and Loins were troubled with great torments but moreover the Membranes and Muscles of the whole Body were almost continually tormented and at length he suffered sometimes most horrid Convulsions in his Members sometimes resolutions and sometimes a Phrensie in his Head and sometimes as it were Apoplectical fits or a darkness in his Eyes so that being worn out his strength and spirits wholly exhausted he dyed Almost seven days except the last but one before he dyed being more strong as to his Sense and Intellect he lived almost perpetually without sleep though gentle or the more strong Opiates were given him yet he could not sleep at all A little before this waking from a Vesicatory applied to the hinder
part of his Neck an immense quantity of water flowed and from that time even till he dyed it still flowed forth hence as I suspect he became so waking by reason of the watry humor being so greatly drawn away from the Brain The head of this dead Man being opened the interior cavities of the Brain or all the Ventricles being filled to the top with clear water appeared as if they were distended yea the medullary cord it self about the top of the Back-bone seemed to be drowned and compassed about with water laid up there Without doubt for this reason the Pains and Convulsions so cruelly tormented him in his Loins Members and all over his Body and by reason of the deluge in the Ventricles he became obnoxious to blindness of his sight and to frequent loosenings of his limbs Nevertheless hence no Lethargy but a waking was induced by reason of the waters being so much derived from the compass of the Brain by the Blistering Plasters He had also a Dropsie in his Breast by reason of his Lungs being much vitiated His Liver appeared of a mighty bulk besprinkled every where with white spots and almost without blood so that to these faults of the Viscera the vices of the Blood and nervous juice ought in some measure to be ascribed CHAP. X. Of the Delirium and Phrensie THUS much concerning Cephalick Diseases by which the Animal Functions by themselves and as they are Corporeal without any respect to the Animal Soul are wont to be hindred or perverted In some of which viz. the Vertigo and Palsie the Intellect for the most part remains clear and lively and in the rest like the eye placed in an obscure place it beholds the species either not at all or a few objects only of a more rude appearance but is not easily snatched into any great error or fury which kind of symptoms are ordinarily induced by reason of other Distempers of the Head and of the Spirits inhabiting it of which we are now about to treat For if at any time the Imagination is so disturbed or perverted that it falsly conceives or evilly composes or divides the species and notions brought from the Sense or Memory presently for that reason the intellect beholds or forms conceptions and thoughts only deformed distracted one from another and very confused Which indeed are represented to it from the Brain evilly affected and as it were monsters from a multiplying or distorted Glass As there are many ways by which the Imagination and by consequence the mind and will and the other powers of the superior soul are wont to be perverted or depraved all of them are noted by the common word Foolishness or talking idly But this Distemper is distinguished into shorter which is called a Delirium and into a longer or continual which is either conjoined with a Feavour and termed Phrensie or it happens without a Feavour and then their is joyned with it either raving sadness or stupidity and so it is divided into madness melancholy and morosity or foolishness we shall speak of each of these in order and first of the Delirium and Phrensie Although the Delirium is not a Disease of it self but only a symptom proceeding from other Distempers yet because it happens in some of them that for the most part it is cured by Remedies appropriate to it therefore it will not be amiss for us to inquire a little more strictly into the causes and nature of it This word taken after an especial manner is the same with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or a going crooked or out of the right or straight way and denotes an hurt of the same Animal Function such as ariseth in fits of the Feavour Drunkenness and sometimes in the passions called Hysterical and induces men for a short time to think speak or do absurd things either some of these or all of them together The Delirium is excited forasmuch as the Animal Spirits being either too much irritated or acted into confusion are carried tumultuously into disorders hither and thither within the globous compass of the Brain where the Phantasie and Memory have their seats and so whilst the various images of the imagination and the memory being excited at once are confounded together they object only incongruous and absurd phantasies to the rational Soul and so both the acts of the intellect and the will are only inordinately chosen or drawn forth In like manner it happens by reason that the Animal Spirits being moved within the middle of the Brain or the Callous Body that incongruous conceptions and confused thoughts are objected to the rational Soul as in a long circumgyration or turning about of the body the images of visible things are carried to the common sense whence all things seem to be turned about and sometimes to be lifted up and sometimes to be depressed to the ground that nothing is beheld stable or standing in its due place and position In a Brain rightly disposed the motion of the Animal Spirits are performed as it were in certain numbers ways and measures whilst some Spirits are raised up in these tracts others lye still in those and so they succeed one another in their motions and the several acts of every faculty are made distinct like so many wavings of water in a River but in the Delirium all the Spirits leap forth at once and meeting one another tumultuously or variously laying hold on one another are agitated like mad Bacchanals Further even as these being struck with such a fury within the compass of the Brain do stir up manifold and very much disturbed cogitations so whilst they are carried without its confines into the nervous original they produce incongruous speeches absurd gestures of the body and members and not rarely Convulsive motions But for that such a rage of the spirits otherways than in the Phrensie or Madness presently grows cool and their tumult being over none of their wandring tracts are imprinted in the Brain the Delirium soon passes over and the distemper'd come immediately to themselves again without any marks left of their foolishness or idle raving If it be demanded from whence this short fury is impressed on the spirits inhabiting the Brain that the Reins of the mind being shaken off they turn thus all things upside down in their government we say that they conceive this kind of inordination from a twofold reason to wit this rage or madness is brought immediately to them from the blood washing the frame of the Brain or some Animal Spirits outwardly dwelling in the nervous Stock enter first of all into some disorder then the same being communicated by the nervous passages affecting in like manner the spirits there inhabiting stirs them into a Delirium There are various causes and kinds of either of these the chief of which we shall here touch upon and first shall be shewed how and for what occasions the Blood being either
into passions of sadness fear anger or hatred so that they resist not the incursions of the extraneous matter and more readily conceive a burning themselves The evident causes of the Phrensie are either more remote viz. whatever things are wont to excite a Feavourish intemperance as Surfeits Drunkenness a very vehement disturbance of either body or mind usual evacuations being suppressed with many others or more near as a Feavour and its dependences and adjuncts to wit if it be pestilential malignant or after an evil manner if it arises by reason of a Surfeit taken from very incongruous Meats or Drink or if it succeeds violent passions as of Love hatred envie indignation or sadness or immoderate studies for these kind of occasions render the Blood and Animal Spirits growing Feavourishly hot very propense to the frantick Distemper Since that this Disease depends rather and more immediately upon the Soul than upon the Humors or solid parts being distemper'd its kinds and differences are neither various nor manifold In respect of magnitude the Phrensie is either great or moderate also continual or intermitting to wit according as the Animal Spirits are more or less inflamed and as they receive the food of their burning continually from the Blood or by turns Secondly As the burning begins only in the Brain or together with it in the Cerebel it is commonly distinguished into the Phrensie or the Paraphrenesis which is as much as to say that either the spontaneous Animal Functions are only or chiefly hurt or else together with them the vital also But this Disease as to the Feavour on which it depends hath its nature and manner malignant or free from malignity also according to the temper of the sick the Phrensie is distinguished into Sanguineous Cholerick Phlegmatick or Melancholick and this not improperly for the Animal Spirits are wont to grow hot and burning after a diverse manner in this Disease according to their various dispositions The Prognostick in this Disease is always doubtful and the event is to be instituted with an evil suspicion For the Phrensie of it self as Trallianus says is a most acute and most dangerous Disease then if it comes upon a Pestilential or malignant Feavour or of some other evil kind we cannot but expect the end of it to be mortal If a Phrensie happens in a sound body well habited of a Sanguine temperament and young there is greater hopes of health than if it were sickly aged lean or Cholerick and obnoxious to violent Passions If the Phrensie remitting by frequent turns have lucid intervals it is better than if the fury should be undiscontinued But if the sick sometimes seem to be better yet after moderate sleep to awake always furious it is a sign that the Disease is pertinacious and for that reason dangerous for that a new stock of incentive matter is from thence carried to the Brain which indeed we have elsewhere shewn to be made far more plentifully in sleep than waking A Phrensie is in a short time terminated with the Feavour either in health or death or else it is protracted and remains after the Feavour or at length it is healed or passes into other Diseases to wit the Lethargy or Madness or Melancholy If the Feavour having a laudable Crisis either by Sweat or great quantity of Urine is fully cured for the most part the Phrensie also ceases but if the Feavour be not cured and carries still the Morbific matter to the Head so that besides the Animal Functions being depraved the vital begin to fail which appears by the Pulse and breathing being altered for the worse if the Urine be pale if that frequent bleeding at the Nose if Vomiting and Convulsion happen the Physician concludes death to be at hand Sometimes a Feavour though it be not at once or fully Cured yet passing away afterwards slowly and by degrees leaves a Phrensie or a talking idly behind it which if it doth not by its stay obliterate the former tracts of the Spirits in the Brain either will end by little and little of its own accord or is to be healed by the help of Remedies If that by reason of the Phrensie being long protracted the Meninges or the Cortex of the Brain be possessed from the Blood or Serum there heaped up and stagnating with an inflamed tumor or a serous deluge the Lethargy or sleepy Diseases follow the Cure of which is often very difficult or not at all But if from a long Phrensie either the Animal Spirits though their burning should cease contract a vicious nature or that the passages and Pores of the Brain are perverted a perpetual raving oftentimes succeeds the former Disease passing into Madness or Melancholy or foolishness or stupidity Wherefore it is vulgarly said of those that are Frantick and not soon Cured that their Brains are crack'd or broken so that after that they are always Mad or raving In the Cure of the Phrensie we ought to respect at once the Feavour and the Fury The Feavourish burning of the Blood or its immoderate growing hot which for the most part is the antecedent cause of the other effect ought in the first place to be appeased and allayed and the Animal Spirits to be cherished and freed from any great burning If the Phrensie happens about the beginning of the Feavour or the middle of it the same Remedies in a manner and the same method or curing conduce to either end But if this Distemper comes upon this whilst it is at a stand or at its height the means of Curing are oftentimes repugnant to either and there is need of great caution lest whilst we endeavour to help one Disease we do not increase the other in this case the vital indication concerning the preserving of strength obtains the first place and the taking away of blood or purging is not to be rashly and copiously celebrated In the former case when the Feavour and the Phrensie are almost both of an age Phlebotomy rarely or never is to be omitted but is presently to be performed and if strength will bear it let it be afterwards repeated For nothing depresses and diminishes the immoderate flame of the blood like to this Remedy and nothing more averts or recals its burning from the Animal regiment Wherefore if the matter requires it let a vein be opened sometimes in the Arm or Hand sometimes in the Leg or Foot and sometimes in the Neck or forehead perhaps sometimes it may be expedient to open the temporal Artery yea also to take away blood in other places by Leeches and sometimes by Cupping-Glasses For this gives the chiefest help and according to Galen is the most powerful and principal Remedy and is wont to fulfil very many indications in a Phrensie But for the prevention of the Feavourish matter being carried from the Bowels into the Head Clyters are of chief use with which if need be let the Belly be continually kept slippery Vomiting
in a proper Broth. Take of the Syrup of Steel four ounces take of it one spoonful twice in a day in a proper Vehicle Take of the Extract of Steel of our Steel prepared with a proper Decoction three drams of the Powder of Ivory of yellow Saunders of Lignum Aloes each half a dram of the Salt of Tartar two scruples of Ammoniacum dissolved in the Water of Worms what will suffice to make a mass let it be made into small Pills let three or four be taken every Evening drinking after it three ounces of the water of Apples or of Cowslip flowers Whey if it agrees with the stomach being drunk very plentifully for many days for the same reason as Spaw-waters viz. by washing out the Salt and Sulphureous particles of the Melancholick blood is often given with success Whey with Epithimum infused in it or boiled in it is highly praised by some Let Broths be made of a boiled Pullet with the roots of Polypodium Chervil Fenil Butchers Broom and the leaves of Ceterach Harts Tongue Scolopendria c. take a draught of it in the Morning and at five of the Clock in the Afternoon in which dissolve of the Vitriol of Steel six grains to ten of the Salt of Wormwood and of the Cream of Tartar each a scruple The Iuices of Herbs and their expressions bring sometimes notable help to the taking away the Discrasâ—e of the Blood Take of the leaves of Borage of Water-Cresses each six handfuls two Apples pared the Pulp of two Oranges and of white Sugar one ounce let them be all bruised together and pour to them of the best Cyder a pint and an half make an expression very strongly and let it be kept in a glass The Dose is four ounces twice or thrice in a day In the summer time a Bath of sweet water for that it wipes away the filth impacted in the Pores of the skin and moves transpiration insensibly is very profitable to some Because Melancholick persons sleep but badly and from long and frequent waking become worse therefore Anodynes and sometimes the more gentle Hypnoticks when there is need may be prescribed to be taken late at night for this end are convenient a Decoction of Cowslip flowers or of the leaves of Lettice or the water of red Poppies or the Syrup of the same Further Emulsions of the Seeds of the white Poppy of the Syrup de Meconio and others that are only agreeable and cherishing of the Spirits As there is an infinite Company of Melancholicks as well as of Fools therefore we shall illustrate our Hypothesis with two Examples only in one of which the Disease begins from the sensitive part of the Soul or the Animal Spirits and the other from its Vital part to wit from the Blood Sometime since a noted person about forty years of Age of a florid countenance chearful and nimble about any business being afflicted in his mind by reason of a certain affair and very much dejected he became thereupon very sad Melancholick and with a dark and cast down countenance When I went first to visit him he complained of a manifold hurry and distraction of thoughts which were so many that he was busâ—ed in his Phantasie almost night and day continually he lived without any sleep Nor were these cares concerning the commonweal or the proper business of his Family nor about the health of his Soul or of his Body was he at all solicitous but was rather troubled perpetually about small matters and of no moment He was so fearful of all things that he presaged loss or death immediately to happen to him upon every small accident And lastly he was so sad as if he would contend in weeâ—â—â—â— with Heraclitus Further he laboured with such a straitness of Heart and so gâ—â—â—â— a constriction that he seemed to feel all his Praecordia to be drawn together like a Purse and he thought that there still lay there an immense burthen and mighty weight under which he imagined he could not go unless stopping towards the Earth Whilst he talked and discoursed with his Friends this constriction of the Praecordia and the weight did somewhat remit but then again they were wont to be repeated more vehemently shaking for fear at any unaccustomed object Nor did he labour only in his Praecordia but with a certain constriction in his whole Body besides and as if a certain burthen lay on the region of his Loins and also on his shoulders and arms The reasons of these Symptoms are clear enough from our Hyphothesis As to the Cure after various Medicines being given without any success I at last perswaded because it was then Summer time that she should drink of our Artificial Spaw Waters for a fortnight Therefore first two quarts of Spring-water being poured upon half a dram of our prepared Steel for a night and afterwards as much in four quarts of water the sick man every morning drunk the clear liquor and within four or five hours he rendered the greatest part of it by Urine He took besides going to sleep and early in the morning a Dose of an appropriate Electuary such as is above described with a Cephalick Iulep within two months he became much better and afterwards by degrees returned to himself Whilst I was writing these a young Noble man being lately returned from his Travels beyond Sea and becoming unhealthy put himself upon our care This person being formerly indued with a Sanguine and chearful temperament splendid in his appearance as also with an acute wit and of a ready ingenuity whilst he travelled in the Countries abroad but one Summer living in Spain he felt a great alteration in himself from the great heats in that place for first of all from the frequent heatings of his Blood he became obnoxious to an heat arising in the palms of his hands and in the bottoms of his feet with prickings over all his body which in a short time vanished Then he found him self very bad as to his Appetite and Sleep moreover being dull and sad he began not to mind yea sometimes to avoid any pleasant business or the converse of his Friends At length his indisposition daily increasing without any evident cause or real trouble of mind he became Melancholick so that being ever thoughtful fearful and sad nothing could delight him for his studies exercises travelling conversation with learned men or any other thing which he before delighted in now became to him a trouble and a terror After this manner being distemper'd for two years he was so changed from himself as if he were another Man For his Cure he had consulted the most skilful Physicians in Spain France and Holland and lastly in England and had tryed several methods of healing almost without any benefit The Melancholick distemper of his blood at first contracted by the intemperature of the Air still remaining and afforded to the Animal regiment Spirits
every where by equal angles of reflections But those who have a flat head or too sharp or otherways improportionate are affected for the most part with some noted fault of the Animal Function for these kind of Brains like distorted Looking-Glasses do not rightly collect the Images of things nor truly object them to the Rational Soul Thirdly The substance of the Brain should be well temper'd and of a laudable frame not only as to the qualities of heat and cold of driness and moisture but its Systasis or Constitution consisting of plenty of a volatile Salt and Spirit with a moderate proportion of the rest should be thin and airy that the Spirits may pass thorow the whole and cut out to themselves paths also it should be moderately firm and compacted that the tracts and passages being made may remain and not be presently blotted out again by the sinking of the too soâ—t parts But in Stupidity it is to be suspected that there is in the Brain an excess of some manifest quality as of moisture or coldness for which reason Children and old people are wont to be affected with a dulness of their senses or sometimes the Texture is too thick and Earthy so that the spirits do not easily irradiate it or cut tracts for themselves to wit they cannot penetrate an opacous or thick body no more than rays of light To this kind of deadish Texture of the Brain those that are born of Plowmen and Rusticks as if they were formed of a worser clay are obnoxious hence in some Families reckoning many descents backward there is scarce one witty or wise man found In some places the influences of the Heaven and Air incline as it is thought the Inhabitants to Stupidity so to be born in Batavia is proverbially as much as to say a Fool. Fourthly Besides these vices of the Brain which are for the most part original and born with it sometimes its evil conformation as to its Pores and Passages by reason of some acquired inordinations is a cause that the Animal Function is not rightly performed For first of all as to what appertains to the smaller Passages and Pores of the Brain which the spirits themselves frame every where thorow its whole substance and perpetual flow into them for the exercise of the Animal Functions it sometimes happens that these are either defective or perverted and so bring on a dulness of mind or Foolishness These little spaces are defective because the consistency of the Brain being either too obdurate or too fluid it will not indure to be cut thorow after a due manner or to remain or continue so bored thorow But we suspect those Passages to be perverted either because they are too loose or too strait or else for that their making is unequal Too strait Pores do not sufficiently admit store of matter for a good plenty of Spirits Those loose above measure receive together with that matter Heterogeneous Particles and infesting the Animal Regiment They seem to be unequally formed where they are more open in one part of the Brain and more strait in another For this cause we think it to be that some understand or know things well enough but still judge evilly for that their notions and conceptions like the visible Images passing thorow a diverse Medium become distorted Further perhaps for this reason it comes to pass that some excel or are strong in Imagination and Phantasie yet are very deficient in Memory and others on the contrary 3. It sometimes happens that both these conjunct causes do concur together to Foolishness to wit because both the Animal Spirits are dull and toâ—pid and also the Brain evilly conformed And in truth which part soever is first in fault it quickly will make the other in like manner guilty Because when the Spirits being blunt and sluggish do not freely pass thorow the Brain the Pores and Passages in it are not either sufficiently cut thorow or else they close again and the Spirits if they cannot expand themselves by reason of the evil texture of the Brain as they should do they at length becoming slothful and idle grow heavy and acquirâ— a vicious disposition Thus much concerning the Conjunct Causes of Foolishness as to its Procatartick and Evident there belong more occasions by reason of which the aforesaid evils are wont to be brought to the Brain or the Spirits or to both together For in the first place Stupidity as we but now observed is sometimes original or born with one and so it is either hereditary as when Fools beget Fools the reason of which is clear enough to wit the same weak Particles flowing for the constituting the Animal Organs in the Son which were in the Fatherâ— or Stupidity being born with one is as it were accidental to wit it frequently happens that wise men and highly ingenious do beget Fools and Changelings or heavy witted which we suppose so to come to pass sometimes for this cause for that the Parents being too much given to study reading and meditation the Animal Spirits that inhabit the Brain are so much wasted that for the supply of them the most generous Particles of the Blood are still carried to the Head and but few only and small are permitted to descend to the Spermatick Bodies When the rational Soul becomes greatly solicitous in bringing forth its child which are the works of the Intellect then the Corporeal Soul the Spirits being called away to wait on the other becomes not at all or very weakly prolifick Besides this reason there is another frequently to be met with wherefore the first implanted sagacity of men as well as of Brutes is not often propagated from the Parents to the Children For when as we presume certainly the Colt of a generous Horse or of a delicate strain or the Chickens of a Game-Cock that they will patrissare or be like their Sires so that they are sold at a great rate and the virtues of these if not broken by inordinate and preternatural feeding or bringing up descend by a long series to their young from age to age This often happens otherwise to men to wit because the Parents do so enervate and weaken their bodies by intemperance luxury and evil manners that they beget only languishing and unhealthy Children Hence it is that for the most part those who are born of Parents broken with old age or of such as are not yet ripe or too young or of drunkards soft and effeminate men want a great and liberal ingenuity or wit Nor does there happen a less detriment to them of the Animal Faculty whose sires are obnoxious to evil affections of the Brain as the Palsie Epilepsie Carus Convulsions and the like so that to be born of Parents who have a sound mind in a sound body is far beyond a large patrimony Secondly There are more evident causes by which Stupidity is wont to be induced
moreover this plainly convinces from the cure of the Gout by torture or cutting of the part For Authors worthy to be believed have told us in their writings that the Member being cut off in which the sickness uses to be or greatly wounded that the Disease has ceased without any relapse in like manner as a most grievous Tooth-ack and continual is most often cured by pulling out the distemper'd Tooth If that the Goutish humor were as it is commonly said a Cholerick or a Phlegmatick humour or any other merely Excrementitious it flowing afterwards to some other member after the former distemper'd were cut off would there excite a new Morbific Mine but this happens only in some accustomed joints for that this or that part is become more weak and so admits into it self the more easily all other filthy portions and neither assimilating nor sending them away suffers them to increase into a Morbific Mine Further the Recrements also of the nervous juice that are sharp and acetous fall down more readily into the same part by reason of its debility But to the Saline Procatarxis or foregoing cause of this Disease lying in the Joints not only the weakness of the distemper'd member but much more and first of all the evil disposition of the Blood doth help We shall weigh a little the reasons and the manner how it is done of either 1. And in the first place the fault of the Blood is that its elementary Particles and chiefly the Saline are not in a fit state or condition For they ought to be within the mass of the Blood in the middle betwixt a fixed and a volatile constitution they are called fixed so long as the Sulphur and Earth being combined do pertinaciously adhere to them as it is observed in fresh and raw Urine from which you shall not easily draw by distillation either Salt or Spirit But the saline Particles are votatilised when leaving the Sulphur and Earth they adhere to the spirituous and with them fly away as it is seen in the spirit of Urine being distilled after a long digestion Then there is a middle constitution between these when the Saline Particles are so loosned and dislocated from the Sulphureous and Earthy Particles that upon occasion they may be easily laid hold on by the Spirituous and ascend together with them as it is in Urine putrefied by digestion from which with a very little heat you may force out Spirit and Salt In like manner the Saline Particles in a living body seem first of all to be in a degree of fixity within the Chyle from which notwithstanding through Concoction in the Bowels being rightly made they begin to come forth a little Secondly these are made volatile in the nervous juice And Thirdly they are of a middle constitution in the bloody mass to wit which are exalted by a continual circulation or digestion so that they are in some manner volatile that being associated partly with spirituous particles and distilled forth with them into the Brain they go into Animal Spirits and partly going into the nutritious juice together with the sulphureous and others they increase in their nourishing the solid parts But sometimes it happens that the saline Particles at least not all are not rightly exalted within the bloody mass but remaining in a state of fixity give a beginning or cherishing to many Diseases That we may say nothing of the Scurvy Dropsie and many others we only say for the present it may be suspected that the first seeds of the Goutish distemper depend upon this cause for when the nervous juice being destinated to the heads of the bones where it is chiefly received ought to consist of very much Salt there is a necessity that its Particles because they are too fixed and thick cannot be admitted presently into the Pores and passages should increase into a Morbific Mine Besides that more easily and more often happens if the weak or broken Fibres of the bodies planted near cannot by wrinkling themselves shake off what is troublesome or superfluous As to the secret leading or evident causes from which the nutritious liquor being brought from the blood to the joints is imbued too much with a fixed Salt and by reason of which these parts become too prompt and easie for the receiving what is improportionate to them the chief of these for that they are various and manifold we will briefly touch upon 1. And first of all an hereditary disposition is wont to produce either evil For those troubled with the Gout for the most part beget Gouty Children and this Disease descending from the Parents to the Children is wont not only to have the like fruits in both and also to ripen about the periods of the same age but for the most part it hath its first roots in the same members and observes every where the like progresses concerning the reason of which I think we have already said enough being the same as other Diseases propagated ex traduce or from the Parent 2. But indeed the Gouty disposition is brought in oftentimes without any original fault by reason of an evil manner of living and errors in the six non-naturals For those who are given to Surfeiting and drinking much and indulge their appetites by an inordinate eating and drinking and especially if they feed on salt and spiced meats and guzle down great plenty of Wine easily contract this Disease For by this means the Chyle is indigested and indued with very unfit and untameable Particles and so ill prepared in the Bowels and then from a more liberal drinking of Wine saltish settlements and heterogeneous feculences or dregs which subsist somewhere in the first passages being too much exalted are carried into the Blood to which enormities of living if a sedentary life idleness or sleeping at noon be added so that the superfluities neither exhale nor the Saline impurities are dissipated by exercise but left to settle about the jonts certainly too much of this Alchalisate seed is sowed for a plentiful harvest of this Disease of the Gout 3. The debility of the little Joints and Goutish disposition is not only hereditary but excited frequently by reason of various occasions The falling down of the Morbific matter often induces this for if by chance it happens that at first the fit of the Gout comes in this or that part afterwards the peccant humor more easily falls down into the same member and quickly constitutes as it were a nest where the Eggs may be continually laid up Besides a solution or breach of continuity also or some hurt inflicted on any joint by wet or cold by a blow or putting out of joint oftentimes stirrs up the Goutish disposition Secondly But indeed as the Blood brings a Saline Mine for the Morbid seed and the Joints receive and hide it readily yet this provision without the coming of the other seeds is like an addle Egg
Recrements of the nervous humor subsiding here as it were upon its bottom neither can be drawn back by any of the Vessels nor pass into the cavities of the Intestines there is a necessity that it must erect in this part it s morbid nests The evident causes are of a double kind to wit first those that do injury to the Brain and nervous stock by causing a greater provision of the Morbific matter or secondly those which by agitating or shaking the Blood and humors stir up the Mines gathered together and before quiet and provoke them into painful heats or fermentings It would be tedious here to examine the manifold and diverse occasions by which the Colick pains are brought upon those predisposed for these often are caused by great inordinations in the six non naturals and the mutations of the Air and the Year and moreover by what help should be expected by the untimely administring Medicines themselves From what has been said the differences of this Disease may be easily known For first by means of the causes we have shewn the Colick to be either accidental which is caused by reason of the Intestines being provoked by sharp contents such as we but now described it Secondly By reason of the place affected the Colick is sometimes superior sometimes inferior sometimes lateral or of the side as the Morbific matter is fixed either sometimes in this part sometimes in that part of the Mesentery or in other infoldings of the Abdomen Thirdly By reason of the sickly condition and temperament of the sick it is called a Bilous or Cholerick a Phlegmatick or a Melancholick Colick also either simple or Scorbutick not that these imaginary humors excite of themselves the Colick but according to the dispositions of the Body distemper'd various Symptoms are made or caused to vary As to its Prognostick it is commonly known that the accidental Colick to wit excited from a solitary evident cause is most often safe and with an easie matter cured but the habitual as to its disposition it is very difficult to be rooted out so that the fits may no more return and its fits sometimes are pertinacious notwithstanding Remedies and sometimes continue many days yea weeks and months 2. The Colick disposition frequently succeeds long intermitting Feavours and continual being evilly handled for that the nervous Liquor being highly vitiated gathers together many Recrements which are deeply deposed into the Infoldings of the Abdomen as it were the more open receptacles Further for this reason an Epidemical Feavour rages some years to which the Colick is joined as its Pathognomonick or peculiar Symptom hence in like manner a long and grievous Scurvy causes also the Colick because it perverts the nervous liquor 3. After the Colick pains have raged for sometime in the Belly they fall oftentimes into the Loins and then the Disease increasing or growng worse they enter upon the members and the muscles almost all in the whole Body and at length oftentimes end in the Palsie which certainly is a manifest sign that the Morbific matter is not carried by the Arteries but by the Nerves and that its subject or seat is not the cavities or the coats of the Intestines but the nervous Infoldings of the Mesentery For because the Lumbary pains or those of the side do come upon the torments of the Belly besides that the Nerves of either place communicate the cause is further for that the Morbific matter being much increased in the Head slides down not only into the wandring pair but also into the spinal Marrow and entring into it and setling in its bottom causes pains to arise in the Loins and afterwards in many other Nerves which proceed from the Spine or Back-bone and in other Members and Muscles distemper'd lastly it brings in the Palsie by the passages of the Nerves being stuffed by the Morbific Matter heaped up to a plentitude in them 4. The more cruel Colick and very much raging whose cause is an Inflammation or an Imposthum of some Intestine for the most part induces the mortal Iliack Passion The Curatory method in the Colick as in most intermitting Diseases suggests three primary Indications The first of which Curatory to be administer'd in the fit respects the allaying of the pains and for the sooner and more easie taking away the coming of the Disease Secondly Preservatory which shews the taking away the cause of the Disease without the fit that the fits may not be often repeated or more grievously infest Thirdly Vital which supplies Remedies for the preserving of strength in the torments and most cruel Cruciations and for the cherishing of the Spirits Concerning these we shall speak a little more sully in order 1. We almost only respect the Curatory Indication in the accidental Colick for the evident cause which is an irritation of the Intestines by sharp contents being removed the pains for the most part cease of their own accord nor do they return without the like occasion Wherefore for the quick curing of this Disease the practice is well enough known to every common person among the vulgar to wit presently to administer softning Clysters Topick Anodynes and Narcoticks to which if a Feavour be joined or feared letting of blood is often used with success We shall set down forms of these and the order of using them in the Cure of the habitual Colick Therefore for the healing of this Distemper in the fit there are two chief Intentions to wit both to take away the painful breach or solution of the unity and to allay the burning or growing hot of the Fibres and the Spirits in them For the former you must endeavour both that the matter impacted in one or more Mines may be shaken off or subdued and also that a flowing in of new matter may be hindred The second Intention which ought chiefly and continually to be insisted upon is performed by Anodynes chiefly and Narcoticks After what manner and by what Remedies every one of these are methodically to be done we shall now shew you Most often the Cure of the pain of the Colick and that rightly is begun with a Clyster Let this at first be gentle and only emollient by which the Corrugations or the wrinklings of the Fibres may be allayed and the burning Spirits flattered or pleased For this end warm Milk with Sugar or Molossus or Syrup of Violets is convenient as also Emollient Decoctions of Mallows Marsh-mallows Mercury with the Flowers of Melilot and Elder with the Oyl of Almonds or of Olives also a Decoction of a Sheeps-head or Calves-feet sometimes a Clyster of mere Oyl of Olives or of Linseed Oyl is wont to help before any others But if the more gentle Clysters do not loosen the Belly nor are easily ejected there must be given such as will more provoke and press or as it were stroke forth the humors by the little mouths of the Arteries For which end
character 54. 't is of kin to boldness ibid. Animals reduced into classes 7. as Fire and Light are chiefly energetical in mechanical things so in Animals In perfect ones there ought to be many senses 56 Animal spirits what they are 23. to what compared ibid. they abound in an objective and an active virtue 24. they are the efficient cause of sense and motion 56. a most swift communication of them implanted within all the parts ibid. an opposite tendency of them effect both sense and motion ibid. they pass through the sensible species and not the effluvia of the object penetrate even to the head 59. they actuate the Rainbow of the Eye very much 85. they are the immediate subject of sleep 87. and the immediate subject of the Vertigo 147. their distemper being after a diverse manner as it is the cause of the phrensy so it is of Melancholy Madness and Stupidity 188. from what disposition of them the primary Phaenomena of a melancholick Delirium proceed ibid. as they are compared to light they are call'd opacous or full of darkness 189. these kind of spirits in melancholy compar'd to those in Chymical Liquors ibid. they are not like the spirit of Blood as they should be nor like the spirit of Wine for such is rather in the Phrensy ibid. they are like acid spirits distill'd out of Salt Vinegar Box and such like ibid. Stygian Waters are like the nature of the Animal Spirits in madness ibid. three chief affections of acetous Chymical Liquors which agree with them in Melancholy first the effluvias falling away from these Liquors are perpetually in motion in like manner also the Spirits in the Phantasy of a Melancholick Person thence the effluvias from acetous Chymical Liquors do not proceed far in like manner the imagination of a Melancholick Person though always imployed comprehends only a few things and therefore every thing is conceived with a greater Image than it should be Lastly effluvias from acetous Liquors do not evaporate so much from open Pores as they make new and in like manner whilst the Animal Spirits form new tracts in the Brain produce unwonted and incongruous notions 190 191. after they have for some time been vitiated in melancholy the conformation of the Brain is also hurt 191. how they acquire a disposition like to Stygian Water 202. they are the subject of Madness 201 Antiscorbutick Medicines good for pains in the head 116 Apoplexy its seat 153. a description of the disease ibid. its subject ibid. the spontaneous functions only deficient in it ibid. the opinions of others concerning this disease ibid. the theory of this disease is best shown by Webser 154. a reason added by the Author ibid. a twofold Apoplexy 155. The Theory of the former delivered ibid. this disease either accidental or habitual ibid. the cause of the former 156. an extinction of the Spirits comes from opiates or immoderate drinking of hot Waters ibid. the formal reason of the habitual Apoplexy ibid. what its conjunct cause is 157. it consists in the Pores of the Callous Body being suddenly stopp'd and the spirits being driven away by the contact of malignant matter ibid. what the nature or disposition of the morbifick matter ibid. the procatartick cause of the habitual Apoplexy ibid. the differences of this disease 158. its prognosticks ibid. the curatory method ibid. what is to be done in the fit and in what position the sick ought to be kept ibid. Phlebotomy and other administrations noted as Vomiting-medicines Comforters Cupping-glasses hot or glowing Iron 159. the preservatory method ibid. purging and bleeding Spring and Fall ibid. Cephalick remedies ibid. Spirits and Tinctures Lozenges Tea Coffee and Chocalet prepared how to be made and taken 160 a medical Ale ibid. Examples and Histories of Apoplectical Persons ibid. an Anatomical observation 161 Appetite it stirs up local motion 36. the Appetite Imagination and Phantasy in the callous Body of the Brain 25 Approach of the sensible object is made either by contact or effluvias sent forth or by reflected or repercussed particles of the Air Breath or Light 56 Arguments and Reasons of very many Authors perswade that the Soul of Brutes is not only Corporeal but Fiery 5 Artery cutting what it may profit in the head-ach 120 121 Authors for two distinct Souls in man 40 B. BAths when their use is hurtful to the Palsy 173 Bewailing wherefore oftentimes joined with weeping 80 Blasting or withering of Trees like the Palsy 164 Blood animated but hardly sensible 55. its disorders allayed by sleep 92. it performs its offices which are the generation of the Animal Spirits and nourishing the parts better in sleep ibid. how it excites the head-ach 108. the Blood and its contents are sometimes the means of the conjunct sometimes of the evident cause in head-achs 109. for what causes it is wont to be moved and bring hurt to the distempered head ibid. it delivers to the head the morbifick matter received from any other part 110. its inordinations how they may be taken away and prevented 114. its exclusion from the Brain does not easily happen because all the Arteries communicate one with another and some of them supply the defects of others 154. its total exclusion from the Brain sometimes happening causes a terrible Syncope 155. which depends oftnest on the motion of the heart being hindred and so either by reason of the Cardiak Nerves being bound together or by reason of the Spirits in the Cerebel being hindred from their flowing into the Nerves ibid. the original of madness either from the Blood or the Spirits themselves 203 Bloody Brutes why some more hot some more cold 13 Bloodless Creatures whether they have Fiery Souls ibid. Brain and Cerebel 2. Roots of the sensitive Soul 23. a twofold action in the Brain and its Appendix of begetting and dispensation and of Exercise and Government 24. the reason and manner of the former ibid. an exact anatomy of the Brain through its corticated or shelly part 25. the Brain and Praecordia the two Roots of the Soul 48. vices of the Brain noted 148. its distempers wherein the reason is hurt as wel as the other Animal functions 179. what its indisposition is to the Phrensy 183. the Procatartick cause of the Phrensy partly in the Brain 184. Melancholy a distemper of it and the Heart 188. its conformation is hurt after the Animal Spirits being for some time vitiated in melancholy Diseases 191. the Brain labours in stupidity as to its magnitude and figure 209. as to its substance or texture 210. and in its evil conformation as to its pores and passages ibid. Bridges passing over them looking down from on high places and drunkenness how they cause a turning round of the head 146 Brutes their various kinds with their Souls described 7. all their Souls after the manner of Fire want a twofold Food viz. a Sulphurous and Nitrous 6. the more perfect Brutes are indued with knowledge either inbred or
use of an inferiour reason 3 Nervous Liquor how a cause of the head-ach 108. the habitual head-ach depends chiefly upon its fault c. 109 wherefore it oft-times becomes corrosive c. 202 Nutritious juice how it excites the head-ach 108.110 111 O. OPâ—ats how they cause sleep 128. how they operate in the Ventricle or Brain how as assigned by Webfer 156 P. PAlace or seat of the humane mind in the Phantasy 41 Palsie what it is 161. its seat ibid. it s conjunct causes 162. in the Palsie either motion or sense only or both together is hurt ibid. spontaneous motion is abolished by reason of the ways being obstructed either in the beginnings or middle passages or about the ends ibid. the ways are obstructed by impletion or compression or by a breaking of the unity ibid. an obstruction in the streaked Bodies causes the universal Palsie or the Palsie of one side ibid. why sense is not hindered as well as motion in every Palsie 163. why all Muscles of the Eyes and Face are not loosened in an universal Palsie ibid. a compression of the streaked Body sometimes stirs up the Palsie ibid. a paralytick obstruction doth sometimes happen in the oblong and spinal Marrow ibid. a Palsie often succeeds Stupidity ibid. a Palsie sometimes from the pressing together of the Marrowy chord ibid. sometimes from the unity being broke 164. the seat of the Palsie sometimes in the Nerves themselves which are either obstructed or compressed or the unity broken ibid. an obstruction sometime in the beginning of the Nerves sometimes in the middle or in their utmost processes ibid. the other conjunct cause of the Palsie ibid. in every Palsie the matter is not so thick or cold as it is vitriolick and other ways infestous to the Spirits ibid. the blasting or withering of Trees like the Palsie ibid. the more remote foregoing causes of the Palsie ibid. the Palsie is either a primary Distemper and a Disease of it self or secondary coming upon or succeeding other Diseases ibid. why the Palsie often succeeds convulsive Diseases ibid. why the distemper of the Colick 166. why the Gout ibid. the evident causes of the habitual Palsie ibid. want or paucity of Spirits oftentimes the cause of the spurious Palsie ibid. for which reason old men are obnoxious to this Disease 167. also scorbutical Persons and such as are full of ill humours ibid. also others long sick ibid. hence some dare not venture on local motion others endeavouring cannot bear it long ibid. the second kind of Palsie in which motion and sense are hurt at once ibid. the third kind in which sense only is affected 168. why feeling is sometimes lost and motion safe ibid. the Prognostick ibid. the Cure 171. Histories and Examples of Paralyticks 174 Paraphrenesis what it is 181. its conjunct causes 181 182. wherefore breathing is hurt in this Disease ibid. its Prognosticks 184. Cure 185 Parts of the corporeal Soul 22. parts serving for hearing how they differ in man and some four-footed Beasts 74 Passions their History from 45 to 55 Phantasy or imagination the power thereof in Brutes 38. 't is often deceived ibid. in man 't is the intellect presiding over the imagination V. Intellect the seat or palace of the humane mind in it 41. the pleasing of it and the senses cause sleep 90 Phantastick desires are immense 52 Phrensy V. Delirium Platonists and Pythagoreans affirm'd the Soul of Brutes to be an incorporeal substance 2 Pleasure and Grief the two primary affections of the Soul 48. they affect the two roots of the Soul viz. the Brain and Praecordia ibid. and 49 Praecordia wherefore and how esteemed the seat of holy affections 47. why call'd the seat of Prudence and Wisdom ibid. they and the Brain the two roots of the Soul 48. they truly labour in the Incubus 142 Prototype of a sound by and by stirs up innumerable Ectypes 70 Pupil of the Eye in some round in others longish the reason inquired into 83. its colour in some black in others grey reddish or otherwise colour'd the reason shewn ibid. R. REasons of very many Authors perswade that the Soul of Brutes is not only corporeal but fiery 5. the reason of good and evil either concerns the corporeal Soul by it self or united to the Body or subjected to the rational 45. reasons of Colours and Images unfolded 77. reasons of the symptoms in Love-madness explained 199. of Tumors and Vlcers in the Kings Evil c. 202 203. of symptoms in Madness 205. why wise and strong men are not always begot of strong and wise men 210 S. SAlivation in inveterate head-achs without suspicion of the Venereal Disease whether it ought to be administred 119. the means and manner of salivating by Mercury unfolded 119 120 Sense what it is 56 57 to 60 Serum how it excites the head-ach 108. its evacuation through its right way being suppressed brings its Flux to the head 110 Sight the most noble Sense 75 77 78 Sleep unknown or greatly controverted what it is 86. Schneiderus's opinion that it is an inorganical faculty of the Soul ibid. its subject not the whole Body 87. the Animal Spirits its immediate subject ibid. all the Spirits injoy rest but not in sleep c. ibid. it s immediate subject is the knowing part of the sensitive Soul ibid. the mediate are the Bodies contemning it 88. its formal reason and beginning ibid. and causes 89. 't is either natural not natural or preternatural ibid. by what and how many ways it begins from the Brain first affected 90. not from fumes ibid. its matter conveyed only by the Arteries 91. why raw and indigested meats induce sleepiness ibid. how it seems to begin in the Eyes ibid. the effects thereof 92. why those that sleep are apt to be cold outwardly ibid. the Blood performs its offices better in sleep ibid. what it affords to the lucid part of the Soul ibid. benefits of sleep noted ibid. Soul the contemplation thereof whereto it conduces 1. divers opinions of the Soul 2 3. three things to be considered in the Soul of Brutes 6. various kinds of Brutes Souls described c. 7. Insects have fiery Souls c. 8. whether fiery Souls in Bloodless Creatures 13. the corporeal Soul in man subject to the rational 18. a double subject of the Brutal Soul 22. whence two parts thereof c. ibid. the sensible part divisible 23. the Animal Spirits constitute its Hypostasis ibid. its beginning 29. frames it self before the Body and increases with it ibid. the Bodies duration depends upon it ibid. like flame it has its trepidations c. 31. as strong in sense and motion as a machine 32. if immaterial also rational ibid. the common sensory not the whole Soul 33. 't is like a self-moving musical Organ 34. the rational far exceeds the Brutal how both joyn'd in man and how they frequently disagree 38. the rational Souls priority ibid. the first act of either is simple apprehension ibid.
a twofold Knowing Power and a twofold Appetite The Rational Soul of it self without Affections how it gâ—verns and orders the Phantasie and Affections In things to be Known the Corporeal Soul obeys the Rational but not in things to be done The Corporeal Soul inclining her self to the Flesh Fights against the Rational How it is reduced to Obedience It often seduces the Mind Wars are moved between them Affections of Conscience nigh to Man A Twofold state of the Corporeal Soul Tranquil or Quiet And Disturbed In which either part of the Soul is moved And is either too much inlarged Or Contracted The Trouble of the Soul impressed on the Sensitive Part by and by is Communicated to the Blood The quiet of the Soul happens not only in sleep but often waking when pleasing or unhurtful things are met with On the Contrary when from the Objects Good or Evil is promised Then first the Imagination afterwards the Appetite is mâ—â—ed The Reason of Good and of Evil either concerns The Corporeal Soul by it self Or her united to the Body Or her subjected to the Rational Soul Hence Passions are called either Physical Metaphysical or Corporeal Passions merely Physical are Sympathies and Antipathies Some Instances of Passions merely Physical Passions Metaphysical By these first the Rational Soul Then the Sensitive and Sanguineous part of the other are affected Wherefore and how the Praecordia are esteemed the seat of Holy Affections What it is to have the Heart hardened Wherefore the Praecordia are called also the seat of Prudence and Wisdom Three Corporeal or Moral Passions The two Primary Gestures or Affections of the Soul are Pleasure and Grief They affect the two Roots of the Soul to wit the the Brain and the Praecordia Grief and Pleasure first of all arise from the Sense Afterwards both from this and also from the Phantasie and Memory Some are more Pathetical or moved than others How the Affections are wont to be iterated also how allayed or obliterated The Number of the Passions uncertain Pleasure and what Affections are subordinate to it Love Hope Boldness c. Grief with the Affections subordinate to it Hatred Aversion Fear c. Next to Pleasure and Grief are Love and Hatred The Objects of these are Sensible or Imaginary things By what means desirable things affect the Spirits and the Blood A Pleasant Sensation is described Love is excited by Opinion The Object of this is set up like an Idol in the Phantasie And Worshipped Hatred excited by the Sensible or Imaginary Species How the first of these Affects the Spirits and Blood The Imaginary Evil affects both the Blood and Spirits Love and Hate are transitory Passions Quickly changed into Desire and Aversion The Soul is chiefly employed by these Both proceed either from the Sense or Opinion The desire of a sensible thing is excited either from Natural Instinct or from Custom The former is moderate and easily satisfied Desire got through Custom despising moderate things aspires to new things The reason declared Because the Agent and Patient ought to be unlike The Desires of sensible things tend chiefly to Luxury or Lust. Phantastic Desires are immense But are chiefly carried to Riches or Honors Aversion is excited either from the Sense or from Opinion This Passion being frail is soon changed into Desire Sensible Desire affects both the Spirits and the Blood What Alterations Imaginarâ— Desire brings upon them The Fluctuation of the Mind Plaâ—t Hope and Fear Succeed to Desire and Aversion The Provision of Hope It s Obâ—ect both the Sense and the Imagination Affects both the Spirits and the Blood A Character of Fear How it Affects the Spirits and all the Faculties How the Blood It often passes into Desperation In like manner Hope into Audaciousness To which Anger is of Kin. The Character of Anger There are more than Eleven Affections Pity Envy Boasting Shame c. A Character of Shame Innate Affections Viz. An Inlargement of the Individual A begetting of its Kind Venus an Enemy to the Brain and Nerves The madness or fiery of Lust. Reason suppresses its flowing The Blood is animated but hardly sensible The lucid part of the Soul feels or perceives the impulse of all Objects and is moved by them Sense and Motion are the chief Advancers of the animated Body The efficient Cause of either are the Animal Spirits A most swift Communication of them implanted within all the Parts An opposite tendency of them effect both Sense and Motion What the Sense is The approach of the sensible Object is made either by Contact or by Effluvia's sent forth or by reflected and repeâ—â—â—ssed Particles of the Air Breath or Light As these several are made manifâ—ld they requiâ—e divers Sensories All Knowledge from Sense In Perfect Animals there ought to be many Senses That one of the Touch or Feeling suffices not How the same Spirits receive sensible Species so very divers Than this may be done are required First a Structure of the Organ after a diverse manner Secondly a Various Constitution of the Animal Spirits After what manner Sension is made All sensible Impressions do beam forth from all the Organs into the streaked Bodies In every Sension is required First That the Species be impressed on the Sensory Secondly That it be carried thence by the passage of the Spirits to the Common Sensory How the divers sensible Species are distinctly represented in the same Common Sensory It is shown by an example of the Air whose divers Particles have divers carryings forth Also by the example of Water in which many wavings being at once made are all distinct The like is in the Airy Hyposiasis of the Corporeal Soul For the divers Perceptions of which together in the Common Sensory there are many and distinct Tracts produced Sensible Impressions as they are stronger weak stir up other Powers either more or fewer All the other Powers of the Soul proceed at first from Sension The Animal Spirits pass thorow the sensible Species and not the Effluvia of the Object penetrate even to the head The bounds and passages by 〈◊〉 and into which the Species pass thorow The Number of the Senses is well affirmed to be Five So many and not more are requisite The Sense of Feeling is more thick but the most ample or large Exhibits Signs of Iudgment to the rest of the Senses It hath a mighty diffusive Sensory or Organ Which are the Nervous Fibres In all the Parts both External and Internal Which Fibres thô every where of the same Conformation Yet Exhibit various Species according to the various approaches of tangible things Tangible Species immediately carried either to the Cerebel or to the streaked Bodies And from thence goes forward sometimes to the other Faculties Viz. the Imagination Memory and Appetite The Kinds and Differences of Feeling are either In respect of the Object In respect of the Sensory And so it is either manifest or private Pleasant or Sad. The Taste a
divers Conformation inquired into The Pupil of the Eye in some round in other longish The reason of this inquired into The Colour of the Pupil in some black in others gray reddish or otherways Coloured The reason of this shown The Parts of the Eye are the Coats and Humors The Coats greater or lesser The greater are three The Sclerotick The Albugine grows to this The Sclerotic Coat is in some round and in others depressed The Vessels of this Coat The Coat Chorocoeides Is black in most Animals but not in all A Portion of this in most Brutes is of a diversified Colour otherwise than in Man The reason of this is shown The Rainbow of the Eye is described and its use declared The strength and irradiation of the Eye from the Rainbow The Animal Spirits actuate it very much The Retine Coat It s description and use The Humors of the Eye Three Chrystalline It s description and uses The watery Humor and its uses described The glassy Humor Its uses The plenty of the glassy Humor varies according to the Figure of the Chrystalline Humor Sleep Necessary for all Animals What it is unknown or greatly Controverted The Opinion of Schneiderus He affirms Sleep to be an inorganical faculty of the Soul The Subject of Sleep not the whole Body The Animal Spirits are the immediate Subject of Sleep All the Spirits enjoy rest but not in Sleep The Spirits only arising from the Brain and who are the Authors of voluntary Functions enjoy Sleep Not those Procreated in the Cerebel Tâ—e immediate Subject of Sleep is the Knowing Part of the sensitive Soul The Mediate are the Bodies containing it The formal reason of Sleep The beginning of Sleep is in the Cortical part of the Brain which is also the seat of the Memory The Causes of Sleep First what the final is To wit a refection and quieting of the Spirits The formal Cause of Sleep consists in the Rest of the Spirits and in the watering of the containing Parts The evident Causes Sleep either Natural or not Natural or Preâ—ernatural Sleep not Natural sometimes begins from the Spirits being brought low Sometimes from the Cortex of the Brain being too much watered For what Causes the Spirits lye down of their own accord The force of Custom A notable Example of Natural Custom or Assâ—duity 2 The Spirits being weary lye down on their own accord The pleasing of the Senses and the Phantasie cause Sleep The Spirits are Compelled into Sleep by Narcoticks Their Penury or want perswades to Sleep By what and how many ways Sleep begins from the Brain first affected When its Compass it overflow'd by the Serum coming to it To which may be added the iâ—â—â—cilliâ—y of the Brain and loosness of the Pores Sleep not from fuâ—â—s or vapoâ—â—s The Matter of Sleep conveyed only by the Arteries Why raw and indigested meats induce Sleepiness That happens by reason of the Consent which is between the Stomach and the Brain and which it has with the whole Soul besides How Opiats Cause Sleep whilst they operate in the Ventricle How Sleep seems to begin in the Eyes Of the Effects of Sleep 1 Towards the Vital or Flamey part of the Soul The Blood is more inkindled and inflamed in Sleep than in Waking Wherefore those that Sleep are apt to be Cold outwardly 2 Sleep allays the disorders of the Blood Whither they are induced by the conteining Bodies The Internal boyling up of the Blood is also allayed by Sleep The Blood performs its Offices which are the generation of the Animal Spirits and the nourishing of the Parts better in Sleep Sleep is not to be yielded to presently after Eating Such Sleep burts the Lungs and Brain Makes the Spirits more dull and gives evil nourishments What Sleep affords to the lucid part of the Soul It refreshes the wearied Spirits inhabiting the Brain And allays them being out of order The Spirits inhabiting the Cerebel are disturbed in Waking with the Spirits of the other Regiment Why those being disturbed do perform their Offices better whil'st these lye quiet in Sleep Other benefits of Sleep are noted Hence Chyâ—ification and other functions merely Natural are performed best of all in Sleep Of Dreams What they are They are sometimes excited by the Spirits inhabiting the Brain Sometimes by Spirits inhabiting other Parts to wit the Stomach Spleen Genitals Dreams sometimes stir up local Mocions Of Waking A double Consideration of it 1. As it follows upon Sleep Waking is either Natural or Violent The Essence or formal Reason of Waking The Pain of the Head the chiefest and most common affection among Diseases The Causes of it manifold and very diverse that they 〈…〉 be methodically recited Hence it is that its Cure is often instituted Eâ—pirically What things belong to its Pathology The Subject of this Disease The formal Reason of it The differences and kinds Pain is either without or within the Skull Or universal or particular This either before behind or on the side Many other differences of it noted Of which the chiefest is that it is either occasional or habitual The reason of the former unfolded The habitual Pain of the Head hath always a more remote Cause besides the evident Cause The evils or the weak Constitution of the affected part and the easie flowing in of the morbific matter concur to this more remote cause The Parts of the Head predisposed and their vices viz. an evil or weak conformation are noted The former often times is innate and hereditary But more often is contracted anew And chiefly from Cold Also by reason of the inordinations in the six non naturals By accident From internal Corrections 2 The debility of the distemper'd part is also a more remote cause of the Headach which outward accidents and errors in feeding and other Distempers are wont to produce The other part of the more remote Cause secondary and moveable consiâ—ting in the flowing iâ— of the morcific matter This matter is either the Blood or its 〈◊〉 or the nutritioâ—s or nervous 〈◊〉 Which sometimes alone sometimes â—â—â—ing together 〈◊〉 the 〈…〉 How the Blood excites the Headach 2 How the Serum 3 How the nutritious Iuice 4 How the nervous Liquor is a cause of this Disease The Headach arising from the fault of the nervous Liquor infests chiefly in the Morning 5 How many humors meeting together and mutually growing hot stir up Headaches The habitual Headach depends chiefly upon the fault of the nervous hamor The fault of the nervous liquor is either universal or particular proper to the place distempered The more remote or evident Causes of the Head-ach are noted Of which sort are first those which move the morbific matter flowing from another place to wit either the Blood or Serum or nourishing juice and stir it up within the places affected of the Head The Blood and its contents in Headaches are sometimes the means of the Conjunct sometimes of the Evident Cause For
distilled Water Tablets Chalybeats or Steel-Medicines Spirits Powders Cases and Examples of the Sick The first History The second History The Reason of the Case described The third History The Seat of the Apoplexy A Description of the Disease It s Subject The spontaneous Functions only deficient in the Apoplexy The opinions of others concerning this Disease The Theory of this Disease is best shewn by the famous Dr. Webfer Another Reason given by the Author The Exclusion of the Blood from the Brain does not easily happen Because all the Arteries communicate one with another and some of them supply the defects of the others A total Exclusion of the blood from the Brain sometimes hapning causes a terrible Syncopy This depends oftenest on the motion of the heart being hindred and so either because of the Cardiack Nerves being bound together Or By reason of the Spirits in the Cerebel being hindred from their flowing into the Nerves Hence there is a twofold Apoplexy one in the Brain the other proper to the Cerebel The Theory of the former delivered This Disease either accidental or habitual The cause of the former is either a great breach of the unity in or near the middle of the Brain Or a sudden stupefaction or extinction of the Spirits 1 A Solution of the unity either from blood let forth of the Vessels Or 2 From an Imposthume or the breaking of an Vlcer Or 3 From a Deluge of the Serum An extinction of the Spirits from Opiates or from immoderate Drinking of hot Waters The operation of Opiates as it is assigned by the famous Webfer The formal reason of the habitual Apoplexy 1 What its Conjunct Cause is It consists in the Pores of the callous Body being suddenly stop'd and the Spirits being driven away by the contact of malignant matter What the nature or disposition of the morbifick matter is The procatarctic Cause of the habitual Apoplexy The differences of this Disease Its Prognosticks The Curatory Method What is to be done in the Fit In what position the Sick ought to be kept Phlebotomy Other ways of Administration noted Vomiting Medicines Comforters Cupping-glasses Hot or glowing Iron The preservatory Method Purging and Bleeding Spring and Fall Cephalick Remedies An Electuary A distilled Water Lozenges Spirits and Tinctures Tea Coffee and Chocolate prepared how to be made and taken A Powder Medical Aâ— Examples A very rare History An Anatomical Observation The middle of the Brain which is the Seat of the Apoplexy is also the Seat of the Epilepsy The streaked Bodies the Medullar Trunks and the Nerves are the Seat of the Palsy what the Palsie is It s Conjunct Causes are Obstruction of the passages and the Impotency of the Spirits In the Palsie either motion or sense only or both together is hurt Spontaneous motion is abolished by reason of the ways being obstructed either in their beginnings or the middle passages or about the ends The ways are obstructed by Impletion or Compression or by a breaking of the Vnity An obstruction in the streaked Bodies causes the Vniversal Palsie or the Palsie of one side Why sense is not hindred as well as motion in every Palsie In an universal Palsie why all the Muscles of the Eyes and Face are not loosâ—ed A Compression of the streaked Body sometimes stirs up the Palsie A Paralytick obstruction doth sometimes happen in the Oblong and Spinal Marrow A Palsie often succeeds stupidity or becoming foolish A Palsie sometimes from the pressing together of the Marrowy Cord. Sometimes from the unity being broke The Seat of the Palsie sometimes in the Nerves themselves which are either obstructed or compressed or the unity broken 1 An Obstruction Sometimes in the beginning of the Nerves 2 Sometimes in the middle 3 Or in their utmost processes The other conjunct cause of the Palsie to wit the impotency of the Spirits Often arises from narcotick or vitriolick Particles by which the Spirits are put to flight In every Palsie the matter is not so thick or cold as it is vitriolick or other ways infestous to the Spirits The blasting or withering in Trees like the Palsie The more remote foregoing causes of the Palsy which are two 1 More remote to wit a vicious Blood and for that reason pouring forth a deadly matter upon the head 2 Nearer to wit a weak and loose Brain admiting the evil Particles The Palsy is either a primary Distemper and a Disease of it self Or secondarily viz. Coming upon or succeeding other Diseases Wherefore the Palsie often succeeds Convulsive Diseases Wherefore the Distemper of the Colick 3 Wherefore the Gout The evident Causes of the habitual Palsie Want or paâ—city of Spirits oftentimes the Cause of the Spurious or Bastard Palsy For this Reason Old Men are obnoxious to this Disease 2 Also Scorbutical Persons and such as are full of ill humours 3 Also others long sick Hence some dare not venture on local motion Others endeavouring cannot bear them long The Impotency of the Spirits proceeds in some measure from the default of the explosive Copula 2 The kind of Palsy in which Motion and Sense are hurt at ones 3 Kind in which sense only is affected Wherefore feeling is sometimes lost and motion safe What is the proper Organ of feeling The Prognostick of the Palsy It s Cure Three means of healing according to which this Disease is 1. Either accidental 2. The off-spring of another Disease 3. Habitual 1 The Cure of the former A Powder for a Fall Topicks to be applyed to the Distempered part 2 How the Palsie coming upon another Disease is to be cured The Cure of the habitual Palsie Whilst it is In fieri or doing The Intentions of healing respect the Blood and the Brain Bloodletting A Purge Cephalick Remedies 2 How the Disease in habit is to be cured Bloodletting and Purging cautiously and rarely to be admitted Altering Medicines ought to be given with choice How the Palsy is to be healed in a cold temperament Electuary Coffee A Decoction Spirits A Distilled Water Tinctures and Elixirs Powders Lozenges Pills How the Cholerick or hot Palsie is to be cured An Electuary A Distilled Water Chalybeats or Steeled Medicines A Decoction The juice and expressions of Herbs Pills Topick and particular Remedies Vniversal Remedies 1 Diaphoreticks They are not to be administred indifferently to all They often hurt the Cholerick Sweating Medicines Stoves Baths Natural Baths When the use of Baths is hurtful in the Palsie Salivation Vomitories Histories and Examples of Paralyticks The Example of the Palsie habitual excited of it self The first History The Reason of it The second History more rare and notable An Anatomicâ— Observation â— which the Caâ— is explained â— The third History The Reason of this The fourth History The Câ—rt expoposed The Reason of it The fifth History shâ—wing when the Baths are hurtful An example of the Palsie from a Lethargy The Distempers of the Brain follow in which Reason is hurt as