wet the Brain that it becomes weak and faint in its functions and performances Therfore Drunkards sleep profoundly from the vapor of the Wine and the abundance of crudities sent up into the Brain So Children that are troubled with the worms are often taken with sleepy diseases from the abundance of gross and thick vapors which arise from crude and waterish humors Soin intermitting Feavers or Agues sometimes in the beginning of the Disease there is irresistable sleep by reason of the crude and stinking humors which are contained in the veins especially in the Meseraick veins which humors being made thin by the heat of the fit of the Ague send many vapors to the head and produce such a sleep as ends with his cold fit somtimes and at other times continues to the end of the fit according as the vapors are more gross or thin or as they are more or less in quantity and so are longer and sooner discussed and dispersed Fiftly Many times so great a sleeping Disease is begot by the too frequent use of Medicines called Narcoticks that do produce sleep that many unawares by the unskilful use of Opium have slept their last There is also the same stupifying force in some living Creatures as in the Torpedo or Cramp-fish So Plutarch reports in the death of Cleopatra That the sting of a Viper causeth deadly sleep But in mans Body this stupid sleeping condition comes from the putrefaction of humors which is seen in malignant and pestilential Feavers hence it is that in those diseases they are very sleepy oftentimes which is a certain sign of venenosity and malignity and somtimes of death The Diagnosticks or Signs which shew the differences of these sleeping Diseases were set down in the beginning of this Chapter But the Signs of the Causes that produce these Diseases are these When sleepy Diseases come from watery humors putrifying in the Brain these are the signs A Flegmatick Constitution Old Age Infancy a cold and moist dwelling and season a stopping of an accustomed spitting and blowing of the Nose and when the sick man before the coming of the disease was troubled with heaviness of the Head dimness of sight and dulness of the whol Body and when in the Disease there is a defluxion of Rhewm from the Nose or Mouth or when the sick party feeleth it trickle down his Throat That sleeping Diseases are bred of blood appears by a plethorick or full Body red Face pain of the Head going before the Disease A Tumor or swelling in the Brain is scarce by any signs to be known but is only manifest after death by opening of the Skull as was before mentioned That the Disease comes from vapors flying into the Brain appears from those signs which shew the particular Diseases of those parts from whence the vapors are sent up to the Brain A surfet going before with crude and sharp belchings and other signs of crude humors in the Stomach and other parts of the lower Belly shew that the Disease comes from vapors which are sent from the Stomach But if the Vapors come from Worms you shal know that in the Chapter of them As for the Prognosis or foreknowledg of things in these Diseases Every sleeping Disease is dangerous but by how much the deeper the sleep is and the sick man harder to be awaked by so much greater is the danger and thereâ—ore a Carus is more dangerous than a Coma or a Lethargie but an Aâ—oplexy is worse than a Carus for if it be violent it is altogether incurable as Hippocrates observeth in his 42. Aporism of the Second Section which is thus It is impossible to cure a strong Apoplexy and not very easie to cure a weak one a strong Apoplexy is when the breathing is uneven and disorderly and sometimes intermitting and if such a breathing is very violent the disease is stronger if the breath be stopt it is most strong but when there is some order in the breathing the Disease is weaker which is declared by Galen in his Comment upon the said Aphorisms A sleeping Disease is very dangerous which comes upon an acute Diâ—ease for it either signifies the extinction of the Natural heat or a poysonous malignant quality which hath seized on the Brain That Disease which comes by consent of the lower parts and from vapors which arise from them is less dangerous Men sick of a Lethargy die within seven daies if they live longer they recover Hippocrates in his Book of Diseases Sleeping Diseases in old men are for the most part deadly for in regard of their want of Natural heat they having a weak concoction and weak expulsion it comes to pass that they cannot overcome and expel that humor which causeth the Disease much less can they expel that humor which aboundeth in the Brain for since the Brain is the coldest part of the Body it must needs in old people have its heat diminished and extinguished sooner than any other parts In a Lethargy if a Tumor happen under the Ears or if matter or filth come forth of the Ears and the symptomes abate it is a sign of health for it sheweth the strength Nature hath got over the cause of the Disease which it expels before perfect concoction out of the Emunctuaries under the Ears or purgeth it out being turned into matter by the Natural passages They who are preserved and cured of the Lethargy do use after to spit matter and blood Hippocrates in Coac and Third Book of Diseases This Opinion say some agrees not with Experience for few have seen a true Empyema or corrupt matter between the Breast and the Lungs follow a Lethargy But the Interpretation of Mercurialis upon the Aphorism is very right for he saith That Hippocrates meaneth by Empyema and Empyicus not the disease of the Breast but when filth is discharged by the Ears and Nostrils And Galen hath taught us in his Commentary upon Aphorism 8. Sect. 5. and Aphorism 44. Sect. 7. That Hippocrates by Empyema understands there not only that â—uppuration and breeding of matter which is in the Breast but also that which is in al other parts It is good sign when a Phrensie followeth a sleepy Disease coming of a cold cause because by that violent heat which causeth a Phrensie the watery matter which begets a sleepy Disease is concocted Men in Apoplexies die in seven daies except a Feaver take them Hippocâ—ates 2. of Diseases and Aphor. 51. Sect. 6. but that Feaver must be a violent one and essentially springâ—ng from the inflamation of the Humors and Spirits otherwise it will not discuss the matter which causeth the Apoplexy for if it be gentle and only symptomatical or happening to the Disease as an accident as in an Apoplexy coming from the burning disposition of the head through too much blood contained in the veins thereof then the Feaver doth not diminish the Disease but rather cause some symptomes of madness which weaken the Animal Faculties and in this
Spacelus a compleat corruption of the Brain because that is uncurable but such as is at hand by reason of the great Inflamation In those which recover who are very few there is no remembrance of things past they can neither remember their Disease nor any thing concerning it We must make great hast for the Cure of this Disease for if we do not apply Remedies in the beginning there is no time for Cure Therefore in the first beginning of this Disease we must let blood in great plenty and very often twice or thrice or four times in the same day as strength will permit for al the hope of the Cure lyeth in this only Remedy for when a great quantity of blood possesseth the substance of the Brain which is large soft and moist we cannot make so great a revulsion from thence except we draw almost all the blood in the veins and here that common saying of Celsus is to be observed Many things are done well in time of sudden danger which at other times may be omitted You must also give sharp Clysters every day that the humors which tend upwards may be brought down At the same time apply those Medicines of Rose Vinegar preâ—cribed in the Chapter of Phrenzy For the greater revulsion and derivation apply Cupping-glasses to the Shoulders and Back with deep scarification use Frictions and Ligatures to the extream parts first open the Ankle Veins then the Forehead and the Arteries in the Temples apply Hors-leeches behind the Ears and to the Hemorrhoids Vesicatories to the Neck and Arms and other Medicines which we prescribed in the cure of the Phrenzy At last if the Disease decline you must apply to the head things that gently resolve among which the best is the hot Lungs of a Sheep newly slain CHAP. XIII Of Mania or Madness MAnia is Delirium without a Feaver with raging and fury It is distinguished from a Phrenzy in that there is in a Phrenzy an acute Feaver coming from the inflamation of the Brain and its Membranes But a Mania hath no Feaver in respect of its Being but a Feaver may be joyned with a Mania coming from some other cause but not from that which produceth a Mania And therefore in a Phrenzy a Feaver is syâ—ptomatical but in a Mania it is essential and original coming from some other cause And â—â— is Galen to be understood Book 3. de loc affect chap. 7. where he saâ—th The 〈…〉 which is made of Choller burnt begets beastial madness somtimes without somtimes 〈◊〉 a Fâ—aver It is distinguished from Melancholly by the symptomes which declare the disease for Mania is with fury and boldness but Melancholly is with fear and sorrow The immediate causes of a Mania according to Galen is a cold and dry distemper coming oâ— black Choller which is urged with many difficulties For if there were such a distemper in the Brain that it would disturb the Mind it should produâ—â— a Feaver when a less heat than will produce a Delirium can produce a Feaver as appears in thâ—â— that are inflamed by the Sun To this Doubt divers Authors answer diversly the Answer of the most solid is That the 〈◊〉 which produceth a Feaver must be â—moaky that the vapors sent to the heart may cause it and this vaporing heat ought to be in a moist matter such as is in putrid Feavers but in a madness the Humors are adust and burnt so that no Vapors can arâ—â—e from them In one word they â—ay That the heat in a Madness or Mania is as â—eat in a live coal but heat in a Feaver is as heat in the flame 〈◊〉 â—nd this answer is urged with a strong instance namely in a Hectick Feaver there is more consumption of moisture than in a Mania yet the Feaver continueth to the absolute consumption of all moisture even Radical also and the death of the Patient Plaâ—erus being perswaded by this and other Reasons supposeth that besides the hot and dry distemper there is a malignant and venemous quality which is the chief cause of a Delirium A great probability for this Opinion is That a raging from the Mother comes from Seed corrupted and poysoned in that part Because Hydrophobia or fear of water which is a kind or Mania coming from the biting of a mad dog is caused in any constitution without the mixture of Melancholly And the disease which comes from the bite of a Tarantula is called a kind of Madness And lastly certain poysons do cause madness as is reported of the Brain of a Weesil and Nightshade Therefore it is probable that some certain poyson bred in the Body may be the chief cause of madness since malignant Feavers which are very mild and so somtimes that the pulse and Urine is like to those that are in health use to produce Deliriums more than burning Feavers without malignity And Experience teacheth us that Madness happens often not only in Melancholly men but also in all Natures and Ages especially if it be haereditary or come from Parents and it is often cured by hot Medicines which have special vertue against it But we must conâ—ess that this disease is oftenest in Melancholly people because that humor is more fit to receive such poyson And Galen seems to acknowledg that malignity to come upon Melancholly in his Comment upon Aphor. 56. Sect. 6. where he saith That the cause of a Mania is a Melancholly humor not alwaies but when it is burnt above measure or when it is putrified and hath received a malignant sharpness There remains yet one dimculty That mad men can endure the coldest weather naked without hurt and to be hot externally which shews an extraordinary heat But we answer That this is not proper to all mad folks for some cannot endure cold but go as warm as they can And the other are not disturbed with the external air by reason of Custom because from custom there is no passion so we see tender women in Winter go with naked Breasts which are hot to the touch albeit according to Hippocrates cold is a great enemy to the Breast The matter producing this Disease is contained in the veins and arteries either of the whol body or those neerest to the Brain or in the vessels of the Brain and in respect of the difference of the place containing greater or lighter symptomes do arise Somtimes the matter causing this disease is in the Vessels of the Matrix as Blood and Seed corrupted hence cometh the raging called Furor Vterinus If the matter offending be in all the Veins or those neer the Brain there is a continual madness but if it be shut up only in one part the disease hath intermission and comes by fits The signs by which it is known sometimes shews the disease to be present sometimes that it is growing For the knowledg of Madness to come first consider the Natural disposition of the Patient which is chollerick or melancholly So in Hippocrates 2. epid 5.
neither doth the example of a Spunge prove any thing which will not empty its self in the Air. But this Opinion delivered by Hippocrates in lib. de loc in homine seems to be true Fluxions saith he come of cold when the flesh and veins of the head are extended for those when the head is cold and contracted bound together and excluding do strain forth moisture And also the flesh doth assist them and the hairs are on end as being every where strongly pressed and therefore whatsoever is strained from thence falls where it is occasioned From whence is manifest That a Coarctation and compression of the Parts may be made by cold and from thence a humor may be expressed Neither doth it hinder that densation or thickening of humors which is made by cold as was said for it may be so when the whol body is equally cold But when the external parts are offended by sudden cold they are presently straitened and strain the humor contained Of less force is that Argument against the Spunge that it is not expressed by the cold Air for there is another Reason to be given of living parts whose heat and spirits fly from the sence of cold and cause the parts wherin they are to be contracted which cannot be in a Spunge ful of Water Yet we must confess that this is not the only way by which a Defluxion comes through cold for cold of the feet will produce a Catarrh by communicating a cold distemper to the brain by the chiefest Nerves that come through the marrow of the back bone and this coolness goes into the innermost parts of the brain not the external as cold air which affects the head immediately therefore we may rather think in this case that the retentive faculty of the brain is weakened by cold of the head so that it cannot contain the superfluous humors which are many but lets them flow forth There is also another way very usual by which a Catarrh of a cold cause cometh namely The stoppage of the external pores especially in the time wherein the body requireth most sweat Hence it comes that men very much inflamed running suddenly into the cold air are troubled with Catarrhs So Catarrhs comes to be most frequent in Autumn because the Body being made thin and the ports opened in the Summer casting forth many excrements by insensible transpiration if they be presentsently stopped by contraction of the body with cold do cause humors and vapors to fly into the head and center of the brain So about the beginning of Autumn there are not only Catarrhs but also abundance of watery humors are sent forth by most men in their urine and by stool which cause fluxes of the Belly at that time But if any ask why defluxions do not last al Winter when by reason of cold the pores are alwaies stopped We answer That Nature doth in Winter discharge her self by other waies rather than by sweat namely by stool urine and spittle How great that Evacuation is which is usually by insensible transpiration or sweat is pleasantly taught by Sanctorius in his Book de Statica Medicina where he saith That it is larger than all the sensible Evacuations put together so that if the meat and drink of one day be eight pound in weight the insensible transpiration will be five pound he is very curious in this matter What light he hath left to the finding out of Causes and Curing Diseases I leave to be judged by the Learned In the part receiving you must consider the imbecillity or other disposition to receive and attract defluxion In regard of weakness it is an usual saying among Physitians That the stronger parts do alwaies lay their superfluous burden upon the weaker as in Common-wealths the Great Ones lay the chiefest burden upon the poor Commons Now the weakness of the parts is either Natural or Adventitious A Natural weakness comes from the softness and loosness of the parts from the Glandles and Lungs do easily entertain defluxions But an Adventitious weakness is from a distemper or from solution of continuity A cold distemper by weakening the Native heat causeth the part to have less power to resist the humor flowing unto it And also a Solution of continuity or wound makes the part more fit to receive defluxions by its weakness hence arose the use of Cauteries or Issues because the part being thereby weakened the humors do flow from other parts unto it And so the Lungs being ulcerated receive the humors from the head and from al other parts Among other dispositions for the attracting of a defluxion heat is chiefly to be reckoned for we may observe that parts inflamed do plentifully attract humors So in a Consumption many humors are drawn from the head to the lungs not only by reason of the ulcer but also by reason of the inflamation Whence Hippocrates speaking of a Phthiâ—is or Consumption in his first Book of Diseases saith thus The Lungs beâ—ng inflamed draw humors from the whole Body and especially from the Head and the Head being made hot from the Body spits forth that thick matter There are two waies by which the humors are carried from the head into the inferior parts either internal or external The internal way is when the humor flows from the parts under the Skull chiefly from the Ventricles of the Brain and makes divers diseases and symptomes according to the diversity of the parts receiving of which some have peculiar names according to those vulgar Verses in Schola Salerni That Rhewm is call'd Catarrhus which doth fall Vpon the Breast upon the Jaws we call It Branchus Coryza through the Nose doth fall When the Humor flows upon the Breast the Disease keeps the general name of a Catarrh or Defluxion when it falls upon the Jaws and Aspera Arteria or rough Arteries it is called Branchus Raucedo or Hoarsness when it flows into the Nostrils it causeth not only a Coryza or Murrh but Ozaena and Polypus But in other parts it produceth various effects if it fall upon the Nerves it produceth a Torpor or Numbness a Palsey Convulsion Trembling if in the Ears Deafness Swelling if in the Eyes Ophalmy or Inflamation Tears Blindness if upon the Uvula or Pallat Swelling Loosness or Laxity or Ulcer if in the Throat the Squinzy if on the Lungs the Pleuresie Inflamation or Imposthumation Cough shortness of Breath spitting of Blood Consumption if into the Stomach Vomiting want of Appetite if into the Bowels it causeth Diarrhaea and Dysentery therefore it is rightly conceived that the greatest part of Diseases that trouble mans Body have their original from the Head Moreover Somtimes the humor flows from the Brain with the blood into the veins whence comes the Disease called Febris Catarrhalis when Nature is strongly moved to expel the superfluous humor and the Spirits being thereby much disturbed are inflamed and cause a Quotidian Feaver hence it is that a defluxion is reckoned
or from some peculiar part as the Stomach Liver Spleen or Mother But we may know what part is affected when a pain is communicated to the head by its proper signs A pricking pain comes from a sharp chollerick humor or vapor which toucheth the Membranes of the Brain A heavy pain comes from much thick and cold matter namely flegm or melancholly compressing the sensible parts An extending pain comes from wind or mild humors which work themselves into the Membranes and distend them A beating or pulsative pain comes of thin chollerick blood or spirits abounding by which the Arteries being stretched and swoln do beat more vehehemently and shake the Membranes and so striking the adjoyning parts cause in them a sence of Pulsation as Galen teacheth more at large 2. de loc aff c. 3. From what is said the chief causes of a Headach are sufficiently declared which in general are referred to the solution of continuity as to the immediate cause For whatsoever doth bring a manifest or hidden solution of continuity is like to bring a headach The signs of the kinds of Head-ach and of the causes that produce them may be learned from what is said and therefore we come to the Prognosticks An external headach is alwaies less dangerous and easier cured than an internal A Headach in a sharp Feaver with thin and white urine is dangerous for it signifies the chollerick matter is sent into the Brain whence there is fear of a Phrenzy A strong pain of the Head suddenly seizing without evacuation following or mitigation of the disease is deadly for it signifies the destruction of the animal faculty which no more feeleth that object which caused the grief In a great Headach it is evil to have the outward parts cold for by the vehemency of the pain there is a strong attraction of heat to the part affected which wil cause inflamation They that recover of a disease in the inferior parts and have after a vehement Headach if a manifest evacuation went not before will have an imposthume in their Brain for it signifies a translation of the matter which caused the disease into the Brain They who vomit green in a headach and are deaf being awake are suddenly very mad 1. Porrh for it signifieth a collection of choller into the Brain which maketh the Stomach consent therewith and suffer Headach and noise in the Ears without a Feaver or a giddiness or deafness or numbness of the hands signifieth an Apoplexy or Epilepsie to be at hand Hipp. in Coacis For those symptomes come from abundance of thick flegm in the Brain To women with child sleepy and heavy headaches are evil 1. Porrh for they signifie the flux of humors to the head which when they are many in women with child by reason they have not their courses do threaten danger A Headach which was not from the beginning of the Disease but rose from the disturbance of the body shews that there will be a crisis by bleeding at the nose or by vomit Since then the pain of the head cometh either of a cold or hot cause we must direct the Cure for the taking away of both For the Cure of a cold Head-ach the flegmy matter is first to be evacuated being prepared as is shewed in the â—hapter afore going Then we must correct the cold distemper of the Brain and the reliques of the humor are to be discussed with Bags mentioned in the former Chapter or in the Chapter of the cold distemper of the Brain With which being warmed let the head being shaven be rubbed for an hour and an half every morning till the cause of the pain be spent and exhausted After the head is well rubbed sprinkle upon it this following Pouder having upon it Cotton or Wool Take of Nutmegs Cloves Pepper Pellitory of each half an ounce the Leaves of Sage Bay-berries of each two drams Mustard seed and Water-cress seeds bruised of each six drams Make a pouder of these sprinkle it upon the Head as aforesaid and comb it in the morning before the use of the little Bags that the pouder laid on the day before may be taken off Errhinâ—s are also proâ—itable Neesings and Apophlegmatisms or things to chew which were described formerly A Magistral Syrup also made as followeth is very profitable Take of Guajacum wood and Roots of China sliced of each one ounce and an half Infuse them twelve hours in four pints of spring Water Boyl them till half be consumed adding in the end the Leaves of Vervain one handful the flowers of French Lavender and Marjoram of each a smal handful dissolve in it being strained half a pound of white Sugar Boyl it up to a Syrup but before it be perfectly boyled cast in two ounces of Senna tyed in a clout the best Agrick two ounces Rhubarb three ounces let him take two or three ounces once a week These Pills also following are very good which in times past were of great esteem in Italy in the daies of Eustachius Rudius chief Professor in the University of Padua who was reported to be the Inventor of them and accounted them a great Secret and therefore gave them to one Apothecary only to be made by him lest others should know the Receipt which indeed he borrowed out of Wickerus who propoundeth it from Andernacus and it is thus Take of Coloquintida six drams Agarick trochiscated Diagridium black Hellebore and Turbith of each half an ounce Aloes one ounce Diarrhodon Abbatis half an ounce Let the purging things be bruised and beaten together and put in a glass with the spirit of Wine so much as is sufficient and let them be digested for eight daies in a warm place and then ad the pouder of Diarrhodon and infuse them four daies longer then strain them and press them and let the Liquor so pressed forth be distilled in Balneo so long till the extract in the bottom of the Alembick grow so thick that it may make Pills the dose whereof is one scruple But the following Pills are ascribed to Fernelius of which he affirmed he found by experience such excellency that he never met with a Cephalalgia or Hemicrania that is half Headach but he cured it Take of the best Aloes half an ounce the Pouder of the Electuary of Pearls the three Sanders and red Roses of each three grains With Syrup of Wormwood and Violets make a Mass Give a dram thereof twice in a week one hour or two before Supper And finally in a stubborn pain that is old all those Medicines are convenient which were before mentioned in the Cure of the cold distemper of the Brain among which Epispasticks or blisterdrawing Plaisters are not the meanest Which also not prevailing some are so bold as to apply Vigo's Emplaister with Mercury which they say hath cured old headaches somtimes by causing them to spit much Baths of Brimstone and Bitumen are very efficacious in this case used both to the Head and the
these the cold Distemper of the Brain is amended and the superfluous moisture consumed Chap. 6. Of Sternutation or Neezing ALthough Neezing come often to sound men and useth to be so light an Affect that it deserveth not the name of a Symptom yet somtimes it is troublesom that it requireth a Physitian As we may reade in Forestus Obs 127. Lib. 10. in his History of a certain Maid which had so grievous a fit of Neezing from a sharp salt Catarrh that she had the advice of many Physitians This is confirmed by the Old Custom of saying God bless you to him that Neezeth which some say came from hence In the time of Gregory the Great there was an ordinary Disease of Neezing by which the Patients died albeit some say that Custom is more antient Sternutation is a swift motion of the Brain with which the breath is forced out of the Nose for the throwing forth of things that offend By the Brain we understand not only the substance thereof but the whole Body with its Membranes especially the fore-membranes which are especially contracted in this Disease which we may gather from hence because when we hold up the head we Neez more easily for then the matter provoking which for the most part is windy and tends naturally upwards is more easily carried to that part But the motion which happens in Neezing belongs to the natural Expulsive Faculty of the Brain and its Membranes according to Galen 2. de symp caus cap. 1. where distinguishing Neezing from Trembling and Palpitation saith That Palpitation comes only from a Disease Trembling from Nature and a Disease but Neezing from Nature only But Galen at the first sight seems to contradict himself who in Cap. 4. of the same Book saith That a Cough and Neezing are Symptoms of the Voluntary Faculty but it is no contradiction and Galen cleers himself wisely saying That in Neezing the Animal Faculty doth concur only secondarily because in Neezing breath is sent from the Head and from the Lungs yet the Head gives the original of the motion to the â—reast for when it hastneth to send forth those things that offend in the Nose it useth both wayes at once to send forth breath One way which it maketh by it self Another way which it maketh by the Nerves descending like long arms into the breast whence Galen Com. Aph. 51. Sect. 7. teacheth That Neezing comes with antecedent inspiration or taking in of breath when Nature gathers it together to make Sternutation then the air which goes forth of the breast joyned with that which is drawn by the Nose into the Brain doth expel with Noise and violence whatsoever offendeth the Membranes of the Nostrils which have most Exquisite Sense From this place of Galen we may gather That the irritation which causeth Sternutation is made chiefly in the Nose which is confirmed Aph. 51. lib. 7. where he saith They only Neez of those thus Affected which have a sharp moisture flowing from the head as when you put sharp things into the Nose For as a Cough is a certain natural motion to purge the Arteries which are in the Lungs so doth Neezing the passages of the Nose But it may be objected That many standing bare-headed or otherwise in the cold Air do presently Neez that one would think the Brain was provoked immediatly at that time We Answer That cold Air is the Cause of Sternutation not while it doth immediately act upon the brain but because through compression of the brain and its Membranes it causeth a sharp Matter to descend to the Nostrils although therefore in this Symptom the Membranes of the brain may be provoked yet Neezing is not produced before a sharpness or tickling come to the Membranes of the Nose which are exquisitely sensible The Causes of Neezings are known by what hath been said namely What things soever can provoke the internal coat of the Nostrils such as are sharp humors or vapors either coming from the Brain or sent from the inferior parts hence men neez in feavers saith Avicen because sharp vapors are sent from the whol body into the head or it is caused when sharp things are externally put into the Nose as sharp Medicines called Ptarmica Neesings These are the external Causes which provoke neezing immediately There are many other mediate Causes which make internal Causes or move them as all alterations of the Air as above said of cold Air. Galen in his Book de instrum odoratus cap. 6. saith That neezing is provoked by beholding the Sun because the Spirits of the Brain like to a vapor are discussed by the Sun The knowledg of this Disease is manifest The outward Causes appear by the relation of the Patient but the internal from the signs of the parts affected by which the matter provoking is sent to the Nostrils and fore part of the Brain As to the Prognostick This Disease is of it self without danger But in the beginning of a Catarrh or Coryza it is very hurtful because it keeps the humor from concoction by its motion Somtimes in Feavers it is so strong that it takes away all strength and causeth bleeding at the Nose somtimes it is no waies hurtful and in sound men it expelleth the superfluities of the Brain In sick men it is held a good sign It promiseth help in Feavers especially in malignant Feavers when all things are desperate If neezing happen to a woman in fits of the Mother or that hath hard travel it is good Aph. 35. Sect. 5. Neezing provoked with Medicines is good against Apoplexies and other great Diseases of the Brain And if being provoked they do not neez it is a sign of death for it signifieth that Nature leaves to act In Diseases of the Lungs especially in a Pleurisie and Peripneumonia or inflamation of the Lungs neezing is evil Hipp. 2. Progn because from the shaking of the Brain in neezing the parts of the Breast are violently pulled and torn from whence the inflamation is encreased and there is no other evacuation of the matter causing the disease but for the expelling of flegm contained in the Gristles of the Lungs which could not be cast out by a Cough Galen sheweth that neezing is good Gal. 2. de symp caus cap. 5 6. The Cure when it is necessary or when neezing bringeth inconveniencies is made first by removing of the External Causes if it come from them If it come of an internal Cause you must remove that also by Evacuations Revellers Derivers and Discussers If a hot distemper of the Brain or any other part send sharp vapors to the Nostrils and inward Meninges Then you must open a Vein and then purge then revel the vapors with Frictions and Ligatures with Cupping Glasses to the Shoulders also use other Revelling Deriving and Discussing Medicines comb the Head pull the Ears rub the Eyes blow the Nose and hold the Breath Lastly To take away sharpness and hinder the Nostrils from being provoked it
is good to take the vapor of hot water into the Nose or to anoint the Nostrils with Oyl of Roses sweet Almonds Violets or with fresh Butter or to snuff up warm Milk into the Nose by which only Remedy Forestus presently cured the Maid mentioned formerly Chap. 7. Of Bleeding at the Nose called Haemorrhagia THe word Haemorrhagia vulgarly signifieth any flux of blood coming from any part But peculiarly when it is named simply of Hippocrates it signifieth only that flux which cometh from the Nose as the first and most evident kind as Galen observed Com. 1. in 1. Epid. An Haemorrhagia of the Nose is a Symptome in the excrements of those things which are wholly against Nature For Blood coming through the Nose either comes from the Veins and Arteries in the Brain or from the Vessels coming from the Pallat to the Nostrils which ate like the Hemorrhoid Veins in the Womb and Fundament But since every Symptome depends upon a Disease as its immediate Cause the cause of this will be either an Organical or a Common Disease The Organical is two-fold The opening of the Vessels which is called in Greek Anastomosis and the thinning or rarefaction of them called Diapedesis The Common Disease is two-fold The breaking of the Vessels called Rexis and the Erosion called Diabrosis The Causes immediately producing those Diseases are either exceeding in quantity or quality of Blood Blood offending in quantity can either break the Veins or open the Orifices of them In quality if it be too hot or too thin it will flow out by Anastomosis because heat doth dilate the Orifice and thinness maketh it flow more easily Also the same qualities make a Diapedesis for heat maketh the coats of the Vessels thin and the thinness of the blood makes it easie to pass through the pores of those coats Lastly The sharpness of the Blood gnaweth the Tunicles of the Veins and ulcerateth them from whence cometh a Diabrosis The external Causes also do concur to produce this Disease either mediately or immediately Immediately as falls stroaks wounds and the like which break and divide the Veins They work mediately which do encrease warm and make thin the blood as plentiful Diet Drunkenness Idleness too much Exercise great Noise Heat long staying in the Sun and the like The Differences of Hemorrhagia are these Some are Critical some Symptomatical Critical Hemorrhagia's are in acute Feavers by the force of Nature endeavor to expel the cause of the Disease this way as especially in those Diseases which are joyned with the Inflamation of some Entral especially of the Liver or the Spleen which are many times discharged by these waies somtimes it comes without a Feaver when Nature dischargeth her self of the superfluous blood whence we see many in their youth have an Hemorrhagy by fits and others blâ—ed other waies A Symptomatical Haemorrhagy happeneth chiefly in Chronical Diseases in which filthy blood is produced by reason of the debility of the Liver or some other great Distemper which either flows through those Veins by the weakness of the retentive faculty or is sent forth by the expulsive as an unprofitable burden because impure blood is not fit to nourish the Body Haemorrhagia is known of its self But its Causes are thus distinguished That which cometh by Anastomosis hath this common with that which comes by Rexin or rupture in that in both the blood floweth plentifully but in this they are distinguished If a blow or a fall went before we should suppose it to be Rexin But when Ruption cometh from Plethora or much Blood as also apertion of the Veins thus they may be distinguished When the Vessel is broken the Blood sloweth constantly when it is opened at a distance and by fits only because the Orifices of the Vessels use to be knit and closed when there is less plenty of the Humor which dilateth flowing thereto but broken Vessels stand alwaies open and therefore blood continually sloweth till the solution of continuity be united Moreover the opening of a Vein is distinguished from the breaking by the substance of the blood For if it be thin it comes from a Vessel opened if thick it comes from a broken Hence it is that Hemorrhagy comes in yong men for the most part by the opening of the Vessels because their blood is thin but in old men from Ruption because theirs is thick If it comes from Eroâ—â—on of the Veins there will be signs of Cacochymia or ill juyce in the body of an Ulcer and matter somtimes comes forth or at least a salt Catarrh hath gone before If it comes by Diapedesis or Rarefaction the blood is thin and little The Causes autecedent and external are easily distinguished For if it come from plenty of blood there is a red face and large veins as also the Diet hath been large and hot or there hath been some external cause which hath melted and made thin the blood and these especially befal them who have very hot Livers If it come from evil Juyce it is known by its proper signs which declare whether Choller or Melancholly doth abound Moreover the Blood will appear corrupt either from the Nose or taken from the Arm. If it come from the weakness of the retentive faculty the face wil be pale and the whol body weak as also some Disease hath gone before by which the Liver was first weakened and then very little bloâ—â— comes forth and by degrees If the blood comes immediately from the Veins of the Nostrils it is easily stopt with astringent Medicines applied thereto and there will be no pain in the Head Contrary wise if it come from the Brain there is some pain in some part of the Head the flux is hardly stopped and things put up into the Nose do no good Somtimes blood comes from other parts as the Liver Spleen Womb whose signs are the pains and extensions in those parts If the blood flows from an Artery it comes with force it is hot pure fresh and clear but when it comes from a Vein it is dark red thick somtimes foul and comes forth with smal force The Prognostick of Hemorrhagy coming especially if it be Critical is taken from the hurt actions when the Excrements and qualities are changed as watchings and dreams of red things a great pain of the Head and Neck heaviness in the Temples and great beating of those Arteries ringing and noise in the Ears dulness of the Eyes with redness thereof and of the whol face hating of light involuntary tears itching of the Nose a drop of Blood upon the day that declares the Crisis difficulty of breathing an extension of the Hypochondria without pain The Reason of which signs is When the Blood begins to be carried to the Head it begets in the Head Phantasms of red things both waking and sleeping as it happened to a yong Roman which Galen mentioneth lib. de praesag ad Posthumum cap. 13. he had an acute Disease and thought he saw a
Throat are for the most part inflamed as aforesaid but also the parts adjacent and the outward part of the Neck as shall be said in the Diagnostick and Prognostick of this Disease In all these kinds of Angina's when there is great danger by the difficulty of swallowing then those things which are given use to fly out at the Nose especially if they be liquid things which are more hard to be swallowed at that time because they spread themselves abroad and therefore cannot so easily be comprehended of the Muscles to be sent into the Oesophagus which Muscles cannot sufficiently contract themselves by reason of the inflamation but solid nourishment being more corpulent need only the superficial action of the Muscles and are swallowed down by a smal contraction of them But it somtimes falls out that solid things are harder and liquid things easier to be swallowed which dependeth upon the diversity of the parts affected For the Muscles of the Larynx are ordained for to swallow meat as well as for the voyce and when the meat is thrown into the Oesophagus the Larynx is lifted up with the Tongue But for to swallow drink we use the Tongue most which while it is drawn inwards it brings the drink from the Lips to the Jaws If therefore the Muscles that move the Tongue are more affected it is harder to swallow drink But if the Muscles of the Larynx are more hurt it is harder to swallow meat Here by the way we must mark that Hippocrates somtimes by the word Angina doth understand only the inflamation of the Larynx and so it is taken more strictly of which there is an Example 6. Epid. Sect. 8. Text. 1. where he saith thus Some had inflamations of their Jaws some had Angina's where by the name Angina he understands the inflamation of the Muscles of the Larynx and distinguisheth it from the inflamation of the Jaws A Bastard Angina is without a Feaver and is two-fold The first and most ordinary comes of Rhewin falling upon the Jaws and parts neer unto the Larynx The other comes from the Luxation of the Vertebra's of the Neck by which the passage of the Gullet and Throat is pressed and made narrow The Cause of a true Angina as of other inflamations is either pure blood or mixed with Choller Flegm or Melancholly which falls upon the parts aforesaid out of the Branches of the Jugular Veins and this is either attracted by the heat or pain of those parts or sent from other parts because these parts are weak loose and fit to receivea defluxion especially if the whol Body abound with humors or the Head or the parts neer the Jaws For when evil blood aboundeth in the whol Body and is carried unto the Head if the Brain be strong it will not receive it but sends it down by the same Veins into the lower parts hence come divers inflamations as Parotides or tumors under the Ears Ophthalmies Angina's and the like Yong men are more subject to the Angina than old because they have much Chollerick blood and because they are full bodied and have much blood especially in the Head Some Authors say that men are more subject to Angina's than women which it seems Hippocrates observed 6. Epid. Sect. 7. where describing an Epidemical Constitution in which Angina's Coughs and Peripneumonia's or Inflamations of the Lungs were frequent he affirmeth that few women were sick and he gives no other reason but because they went less abroad than men and therefore were not so subject to injuries from the Air. Which Reason doth not agree with the universal Proposition That women are less subject to Angina's than men but this may be a true Reason because women have colder Blood a less Larynx or Wind-pipe and narrower Veins of the Throat For which Reason those parts do not so easily receive defluxions The precedent Diseases may be reduced to their internal Causes as continual putrid burning and especially Epidemical Feavers such as were mentioned by Forestus Obs 2. Lib. 6. which happened in the yeer 1517. at which time all that were infected had an inflamation of the Jaws and died within sixteen or twenty hours except they were let blood within six hours But in this Angina the Feaver is not Symptomatical but Essential and the Angina is symptome to it because part of the matter causing the Disease is sent to this place for in Epidemical Feavers Angina's Pleuresies Inflamation of the Lungs Disenteries and the like do happen from some secret force and influence of the Stars by which somtimes one part of the Body and somtimes another is more affected Whatsoever can cause a flux of humors to these parts may be reckoned among the external Causes of this Disease As Southernly winds according to Hippocrates Aph. 16. Sect. 3. in time of much rain many diseases happen as long Feavers Fluxes of the Belly Putrifactions Falling-sicknesses Apoplexies and Angina's Also for the producing of this last the inequality of weather doth much when the parts are made loose by heat and by cold suddenly coming thereupon the humors are sent thither A sudden cooling after heat and drinking of cold water doth the same or if the Head be kept too hot or too cold The first Cause of a Bastard Angina is propounded by Hippocrates 4. de vict rat in morb acut text 39. where he saith an Angina comes when in Winter and Spring time much slimy flegm falls from the Head to the Jugular Veins which obstructeth the passages of the Spirits with its cold glewiness There is another Cause of a Bastard Angina given by Hippocrates 2. Epidem Sect. 2. namely a Tumor rising in the Vertebra's of the Neck and especially in that which is called Dens or the shape of a Tooth by Hippocrates by which the Vertebrae are drawn inward and therefore a Cavity appears in the external part Now this Tumor either comes from flegm removing by its encrease the Vertebra from its seat or from blood falling upon the Muscles from whence comes an inflamation by which the Muscles being contracted draw the Vertebra's inward and then it is a true Angina coming from the inflamation of the said Muscles There may also be a Luxation of the Vertebrae by a flegmatick humor loosing their Nerves and making them slippery between the Joynts And lastly it may come from an external Cause as a fall or stroak as in other parts An Angina is generally known first by its proper signs namely difficulty of breathing and swallowing when there is no fault in the Breast and Lungs and when pain is felt about the Jaws and Throat and in a true Angina redness heat and a feaver are signs The Differences may be distinguished by their proper signs In Synanche there is less difficulty of breathing but great difficulty in swallowing so that moist things can scarce be swallowed but come out at the Nostrils In Parasynanche there is less difficulty of breathing nay very little because the inflamation of
Blood is when Nutrition is hindered there is a corruption of both when their qualities are changed So when the Air is infected in time of Pestilence it begets Leipothymia and Syncope as also stinking vapors and sweet also do the same with some Women and the blood is corrupted from evil meats Too great Evacuations whether sensible or insensible do disperse the Spirits The sensible are chiefly of Blood from the Mouth Nose Womb Belly Hemorrhoids Phlebotomy and great Wounds and next of other Humors which though they are Excrementitious yet because of their great Evacuation the Spirits are much dispersed and cause a Syncope These Humors are discharged by Vomit Stool Urine Sweat the opening of a great Imposthume especially if it be inward as an Empyema or outward as in a Dropsie when the Navil is tapped The insensible Evacuations are by the Rarifaction of the Skin and by the acrimony and thinness of the Humors immoderate heat hot Baths or Houses great Labors Also long watchings and fasting Lechery great anger and joy long and violent sickness do dissipate the Spirits as also great pain of the Heart Stomach Guts Reins Ears Teeth and of all Nervous parts An evil disposition of the Bowels doth alter and corrupt the Spirits and whatsoever doth procure a malignant quality which is adverse to the Heart as Air Stinks venemous and pestilential taken in by the Breath or bred in the Body from putrifaction of Humors as also poyson taken in or applied outward or sent to the Heart by biting of venemous Creatures Lastly The vehement returning of blood and Spirits to the Heart and an abundance of evil vapors gathered about the Heart and the parts adjacent and too much cold and thick blood gathered about the Heart and its Veins Arteries and parts adjacent do suffocate and destroy the Spirits We lately saw a Noble Lady a Virgin which from her Infancy was subject to this Disease that with every light passion of the mind she was taken therwith taken with a violent Syncope which ushered death in by a sudden return of blood and Spirits to her heart for when she should have been married to a fine yong man which loved her deerly and her Parents Friends and Kindred were solemnly met about it they gave her a Pen to write her hand to the Contract but she having not fully written her name fel down dead upon the ground Hence we easily conjecture that there was a great and sudden retraction of the Blood and Spirits to the Heart by a vehement passion of the mind which choaked the Natural heat and the Spirits therein of which she died suddenly Petrus Salius Diversus saw as he reporteth Lib. de aff part cap. 4. a Girle of fourteen years old fal into a Syncope from abundance of cold and thick blood garhered about her heart and the great vessels for having for a whol day a heaviness of head with giddiness and disturbance she died the next day after suddenly After being opened the blood appeared so congealed in the great Artay and Vena Cava or hollow Vein that taking it by the end you might draw it out like a Sword from a Scabbard Wherefore we judged That the sudden death came from the interception and stopping of the Veins by congealed blood This happeneth seldom for you shal seldom see blood in dead bodies so congealed for the veins have such a property to retain blood that even after death they keep it thin though without them it growth alwayes thick But Salius gives the Reason of this Congealation by comparing it with blood without the Vessels which as soon as it is cold is congealed and the sooner from the coldness thickness and slyminess of the Melanchollick or Phlegmatick humor therein contained Somthing like to this may be-sal blood constrained in the veins which abounding with vicious juyce thick and cold doth â—o sill the greater Veins that it stops the spirits and so extinguisheth them and then the blood grows cold and thick from those humors which otherwise would have been thin The Spagiricks refer this to a congealing Spirit made of a peculiar and extraordinary mixture of Humors which since it seldom happeneth the Disease is very rare And truly a simple Refrigeration cannot cause that concretion for then in dead bodies especially in winter the blood would alwayes be thick in the Veins but we find it alwaies thin but we may suppose that this Congealing Spirit is like that which causeth a Catalepsis or Congealation which makes the parts inflexible The Chymists do acknowledge such kind of Congealing Spirits to be in many Creatures Vegetables and Minerals such as are reported to be raised out of the Earth in some Histories of Men and Beasts who have been Congealed by filthy vapors coming from Earth-quakes or Dens so that their bodies became presently stiffe And Cardanus saith That such spirits are in Thunder-bolts in his History of the Eight Mowers who Supping under an Oak were struck stiffe and remained as at first the one seeming to Eat the other to reach the Pot and the other to Drink The Signs to this Disease by either are from the Subject which is more capable to receive it or from the Fit either coming or present or from the Causes that produce it The Subjects which are most fit to receive a Syncope are men who by some Natural Debility or Weakness from some Disease become faint-hearted Women rather than Men especially in their Terms or with Child As also they who have fine Constitutions subject to the Jaundice Spleen or Melancholly These things signifie that a Syncope is coming to them who are subject to it Anxiety and sudden disturbance of mind heaviness in the head giddiness an apprehension of divers colours green and yellow a sudden and often change of the colour in the face and of the beating of the Pulse When Leipothymy is present the same signs are but greater and there is often a cold sweat as also the sick complain of their faintness But these signs shew a Syncope A sudden failing of al strength a slow pulse low and at length stopping a pale and blewish face coldness of al the body especially externally a cold sweat especially in the temples neck and breast from whence the Disease is named The signs of the Causes are commonly manifest for Feavers malignant acute syncopal or fainting cause a proper Syncope or Swoonding are easily known As also those external Causes which make a sudden Syncope may be plainly seen As Anger extraordinary and Joy a sudden Fright stinking smels great bleeding and other large evacuations long watchings and fasting much lechery and grievous pain These things do signifie that the Humors and the Body are thin a sharp nose hollow eyes temples fallen and the gnawing of the mouth of the stomach trouble of mind pricking heat and great pain do shew abundance of Choller When there is abundance of crude Humors you may know by the enlarging of the body swelling about
Diseases But the Heart hath a Natural Faculty to contract and dilate it self therefoâ—e a Palpitation cannot be without its motion And they do in vain muster up Galens Reasons so thought by them to prove that the Palpitation of the Heart comes not by Nature but by a Diâ—ease or cause of a Disease For Galen in all those places speaks of no other Palpitation than that which is in the Skin and other external parts and not of the palpitation of the Heart which is of another Nature and Galen 2. de sympt caus cap. 2. saith that the Palpitation of the Heart and Arteries is different from that of the other parts Therefore the Palpitation of the Heart is an immoderate and preternatural shaking of the part with a great Diastole or Dilatation and a vehement Systole or contraction which somtimes is so great that as Fernelius observes it hath often broken the Ribs adjoyning somtimes displaced them which are over the Paps and somtimes it hath so dilated an Artery forth into an Aneurism as big as ones fist in which you might both see and feel the pulsation This immoderate shaking of the Heart comes from the Pulsative Faculty provoked But here may be objected That in Feavers all these things are found for this is an immoderatâ— Systole and Diastole by the provocation of the Faculty through some troublesom matter or by encrease of heat in the Heart To this we answer That the motion of the Heart in Feavers is distinguished from Palpitation only by its degrees and the depraved motion of the Heart when it is vehement is called Palpitation but if it be not vehement it is called a quick great and swift Pulse and is referred to the differenceâ— of Pulses Now the Efficient Causes of this Palpitation may be referred to Three Heads Either it is somwhat which troubleth and pricketh or necessity of Refrigeration or defect of Spirits which two latter may be referred to the encrease of Custom The Molesting Cause is most usual so that many Authors knew no other the other are rare and that is either a vapor or wind which troubleth the Heart either in quantity or quality or both The quality is either manifest or occult A vapor troublesom in a manifest quality is either in the Heart and its parts adjoyning or it is sent from other parts and this suddenly getting to the inmost parts of the Heart doth stir up the Expulâ—ive Faculty which being Naturally very strong ariseth powerfully with all its force to expel the enemy In the Heart and thereabout especially in the Pericardium are gathered somtimes cold and thick Humors which send up vapors to the Ventricles of the Heart which cause Palpitation But from more remote parts vapors and wind are sent to the Ventricles of the Heart as from the Stomach Spleen Mother and the other parts of the lower Belly Many times a Vapor that troubles the Heart by an occult quality ariseth in malignant Feavers Plague and after Poyson and somtimes from Worms putrified and the terms stopped from corrupt feed or other putrid matter which do much stir up the Expulsive Faculty thereof Divers Humors do molest the Heart either with their quantity or quality so too much Blood oppresâ—ing the Veins Arteries and Ventricles of the Heart so that they cannot move freely makes a Palpitation by hindering motion which that the Faculty may oppose it moveth more violently So Water in the Pericardium being in great quantity doth compreâ—s the substance of the Heart and its Ventricle so that they cannot freely dilate themselves The same do Humors flowing in abundance to the Heart as it happens somtimes in Wounds Fear and Terror Humors offending in quality hurt the Heart if they be venemous putrid corrupt sharp or too hot especially burnt Choller coming to the Heart and provoking its Expulsion Also Tumors though seldom cause this Disease as Inflamation of the Heart Imposthumes or Swelling in the Arteries of the Lungs neer the Heart which Galen saith befel Antipater the Physitian 4. de loc aff by which after an unequal Pulse he fell into a Palpitation and an Asthma and so died so Dodonaeus reports that he found a Callus in the great Artery next to the Heart which caused a Palpitation for many yeers Also Tumors in the Pericardium whether they be without humors and scirrhus or with humors in them as the Hydatides or watery Pustles and little stones bones and pieces of flesh are somtimes growing in the Heart which cause Palpitation So Platerus reports that in one who had a long Palpitation and died thereof there was found a bone in his Heart But Schenkius reports that in a Priest who was from his youth to the age of forty two troubled with a Palpitation there was found in the bottom of his Heart an Excrescens of flesh which weighed eight drams and resembled another Heart The Second Cause of Palpitation is necessity of refrigeration which is when there is a pretâ—â—natural heart in the Heart by which the Spirits are inflamed within and therefore the motion of the Heart and Arteries is encreased that what is spent may be restored and the heat cooled and this comes somtimes from an internal cause which is rare but oftener of an external as anger vehement exercise and the like As Platerus observed in a yong man who being hot and angry at Tennis fell into a Palpitation of the Heart and so died The third Cause is the defect of Spirits which comes by hunger watching anger Joy fear shame and great Diâ—eases and other causes which do suddenly dissipate the Spirits which defect the Heart laboring to repair that it may beget more quick and plentiful and send them into the whol Body sooner it doth enlarge its motion and make it quicker You must observe for conclusion that it is more ordinary to see a Palpitation which comes by consent from other parts than from the Heart it self For it hath a consent with all parts by the Veins and Artâ—ries by which Vapors Wind and Humors are sent Which all shall be shewed in the Diagnosis following The Diagnosis or knowledg of this Disease is directed either to the Disease or the Causes which produce it The Disease is subject to sence it may be felt with the hands somtimes seen and heard for the Artery may be seen to leap especially in the Jugular And Forestus saith it may be heard by an Example of a yong man that they who passed by might hear it by laying their Ear to the Window Also the Causes are distinguished by their Signs A hot distemper is known by the greatness of the Pulse and swiftness by a Feaver and heat of the Breast by great and often breathing and desire of cold things If the Palpitation come of wind it quickly comes and goes and is presently raised by little motion and the Breath is difficult with trembling somtimes at the knees mists in the Eyes noise in the Ears and somtimes pain of some
the native heat is spent which Galen cals Naâ—cosis or Stupefaction as by long bleeding feavers and the like by which the strength of the stomach and other Parts is consumed Evil also and corrupt Humors whether hot or cold do cause want of Appetite The hot are chollerick adust putrid or virulent whether they are bred in the stomach for want of Concoction or brought from other infirm Parts The Cold Humors are Flegmy and Slimy gathered in the stomach by evil Concoction or coming from the whol body as in them who by often Vomitings bring the corruption of other Parts into the stomach Or from the Brain by Catarrhs in which the stomalch useth to be troubled with Flegm The suppression of the Terms and Haemorrhoids also by choaking and smoothering the natural heat do also diminish the Appetite Moreover The distemper of the Brain and Nerves Cause that the Sucking is not flet in the stomach in them who have lost or depraved the Animal Faculty therefore they are â—ick in mind as in an Apoplexy Lethargy Phrenzy Madness and the like as also in a Palsie by reason of the Obstruction of the Nerve of the sixth Conjugation which comes to the Stomach or by reason of the stupefaction thereof by the use of cold and narcotick things The knowledg of this Disease is manifest for the Patient will complain of his want of appetite and loathing of Meat But the signs of the Causes are partly manifest and partly to be discovered by art And first they which cause the want of emptiness are known by former high feeding repletion want of exercise or evacuation long sleep and other Causes of crude Juyces as also if the body be full and the Veins swoln Also the thickness of the Skin signifieth the same for that hinders the dispersing of the nourishment as also some great disease in some particular part by which there is 〈◊〉 dispersing of the Natural heat in the whol Body so that it is so weak that it cannot concoct the nourishment brought to the parts and supply its wants The signs of the second Cause are manifest namely acute malignant pestilential and syntectickâ— Feavers strong evacuations and other Causes by which there is a great decay of Natural heat in the parts so that they cannot attract necessary nourishment The signs of the third Cause are obstructions whose signs are known in the diseases of the Liver Spleen and Mesentery The signs of the fourth and fifth Cause need a more curious search and first heat in the Praecordia especially in the Stomach thirst dryness and bitterness of the Tongue and Jaws and a Feaver do signifie a hot distemper of the stomach and abundance of Choller And if this hot humor do flow from other parts the disease of that part will shew it as inflamation of the Liver or other part But if no other part seem to suffer you must conjecture that the fault is in the Stomach or that evil meats have been received To these are joyned Cardialgia Heart-scalding Nausea or loathing Vomiting and Purging the Nature of which humors are known by what is sent forth A cold distemper and much flegm is known by cooling Causes afore going or such as disperse the Natural heat and extinguish it as also from the sence of weight in the Stomach from sharp belching or from a slimy thick humor sent out of the mouth or by stool The same is signified by a long Catarrh and a disease in some part which may send flegm or melancholly to the Stomach as of the Spleen Womb or the like Also the distempers of the Brain and Nerves are to be known by their proper signs As to the Prognostick As a good Appetite is good in all Diseases as Hipp. Aph. 33. Sect. 2. saies To be right in mind and to be willing to take that which is brought is good so want of Appetite useth to be an evil sign For it sgnifieth a great digression from the Natural state and it comes as Galen teacheth Com. in 3. Epid. either from evil Humors in the Mouth of the Stomach oâ— from the loss of the Faculty whose duty it was to be sensible of the want of nourishment and consequently to desire it So Hipp. in 1 Epid. saith concerning men in Consumptions that died in the time of an Epidemical disease they alwaies abhorred meat and drink And so Galen Comment in 3. Epid. saith that he hath seen many in a Plague time which could take no sustenance and died But some who were stronger and took courage and did eat recovered So in Hipp. 3. Epid. Sect. 1. Aegr 2. Hermocrates who died the twenty seventh day abhorred meat all the time and in the last daies could not tast And Sect. 2. of the same Book Aegr 6. Euryanactis her daughter abhorred meat all the while and drank nothing worth speaking of died about twelve daies after But we must observe that loathing of meat is sad if it come from the destruction of the Natural heat but it is not so dangerous if it come from abundance of evil humors and Cacochymia as you may see in Hipp. 7. Epid. by the Son of Cleomenis who without a Feaver abhorred meat for two months through abundance of crude and viscid flegm which he at last vomited up So in the beginning of Diseases and especially of Feavers want of Appetite is not so dangerous because then Nature being busie about the concocting of filthy humors is called from her usual desire of meat But after when the Feaver is appeased and the humors that caused the Disease being spent she returns to her old custom In Children want of Appetite is worse than in others because their substance is moist and easily dissipated and requires more use of nourishment to restore them In men recovered of a Disease loathing threateneth a relapse by reason the reliques of the Disease cause it In a continual Disease loathing and sincere dejections are evil Hipp. Aph. 6. Sect. 7. loathing is an evil sign in long diseases but they who are like to escape have the contrary that is a good appetite But sincere dejections coming do cause a worse Prognostick because Hippocrates understands by sincere dejections such as have no humidity mixed with them when the humor alone without any Water is cast forth whether Choller or Melancholly for these stools do shew that all the Natural humidity is burnt up by the heat of the Feaver In long Diseases of the Guts loathing of meat is evil and with a Feaver worse Hipp. Aph. 3 Sect. 6. when there are deep and putrid Ulcers in a dysentery the Stomach suffering with the Guts â—oth not well concoct which offence arising higher affects the mouth of the Stomach with loathing There are some in Dysenteries who abhor meat from the beginning of the Disease by reason of the wil humors which come from the Liver for the superfluous part of them comes to the mouth of the Stomach which is not alwaies dangerous But in
disease about the fourth month because then the Child is grown greater and so consumeth more of the humors and the mother hath sent it forth by often vomitings but if it last longer 't is dangerous for it signifies that the evil disposition of the Stomach hath taken deep root which will hardly be pluckt up It is better for people in this disease to desire sharp and sowr things it is worse if they desire things contrary to Nature as Avicen teacheth fen 13. lib. 2. tract 2. cap. 20. for it signifies a greater distance from the Natural state which is harder to be cured The Cure of this disease is divers according to the variety of the Bodies affected In Women with Child few Medicines are to be used by reason of the unfitness of the subject and danger of Misearriage but you may give them gentle things and such as were prescribed in the Cure of want of Appetite to clense and strengthen the Stomach Nor must you omit blood-letting which done sparingly and often is of great consequence But in Virgins of the Clorosis or green sickness this disease is cured with the same Remedies which shall be prescribed for the Cure of Clorosis in its proper place But the Pica which is in men is very seldom because it comes from obstructions of the Liver and Spleen you may use those things which shall be prescribed for the Cure of them Chap. 4. Of the Thirsty Disease called Sitis Morbosa THe Appetite of Drink or Thirst may be three waies hurt as that of Meat by diminishing abolishing and depraving it is diminished many times by a sweet insipid humor which moisteneth the Tunicle of the Stomach or from too much moisture in the whol Body from whence it is that the parts do not draw the drink from the Stomach It is abolished by acute Diseases through interception of the sence when the mind is sick or because the Natural Faculty is decayed by the extinction of the Natural heat from whence Hipp. saith It is evil not to thirst when a cause of thirst is taken and since thirst diminished doth depend upon the same cause from which want of Appetite is produced and thirst abolished is only in acute Diseases we shall not speak here of them particularly But we will only speak of thirst depraved as being most usual and this is to be divided two waies and Hunger The one requiring divers kinds of Drinks the other great quantities and often That which desireth filthy drink is to be referred to Pica as when they desire Vinegar Lemmons and salt Water It remains that we speak of thirst encreased which is an usual Symptome when the Appetite offends in the quantity of Liquor and much drink is desired The immediate Cause is a want of moist nourishment and driness of the Stomach and of other parts which make the Stomach sensible of their wants This driness and want of moisture useth to come from all such things which can consume the dewy moisture of the Stomach and the whol Body and dry it up and they are hot and dry The dry do principally suck up the Humor and the hot things secondarily Also this disease is either by Propriety or by Sympathy It is by Propriety when the innate moisture of the Stomach is altered and drawn forth by an unequal distemper dry or hot or both somtimes by a simple distemper but often by that distemper which is joyned with matter as a salt sharp or filthy humor fixed in the mouth of the Stomach or contained in its Cavity But that which is by Sympathy comes by consent from the whol Body or some part whose Veins having lost their moisture do suck from the Stomach as it is in Feavers Inflamations of the Liver Lungs and other parts as also in hot and dry distempers especially of the Reins as you may see in a Diabetes or invoiuntary pissing which is called by the name of Dipsacus by reason of the great thirst which accompanieth it The outward Causes are all such as extraordinarily heat or dry as very hot and dry Air long continuance in the Sun or at the fire use of Salt meats sharp and spiced much use of old rich Wine great watchings too much evacuation especially by purging The Hermetical Physitians say that immoderate preternatural thirst comes from some thirsty spirits which are bred of Sulphureous excrements which will not be satisfied with simple cooling and moistening but with other Spirits like unto themselves as we see in Feavers that a strong thirst is little allayed with much Water which with sharp Spirits of Vitriol Sulphur Salt and the like wil be satisfied with a less quantity of Water The knowledg is easie for the Patients will complain But the Causes are known by their proper signs as a hot and dry distemper cleaving to the Stomach and other parts as also sharp salt and bitter humors some whereof are somtimes cast forth or they have their tasts in their mouths if the humors are in the Stomach but if thirst come by consent from other parts the signs of those Diseases will be manifest As to the Prognostick That thirst which comes from Primary Causes is safest for that is quenched presently with drink But that which comes from internal Causes is more or less dangerous according to their differences That thirst which comes with Feavers and other easie cures endeth with them But if it come from great and dangerous Diseases it is very dangerous as in a Dropsie in which thirst is not slacked but rather encreased with drink The Cure of this Disease is often in Feavers and Inflamations of some parts which is described sufficiently in our Method of the Cure of Feavers Sect. 2. Cap. 2. But if Thirst be contracted by immoderate Evacuations causing a dry distemper of the Stomach and other Causes the Cure is by suppressing those Evacuations and by restoring the empty parts with moist Medicines Therefore first having ordered a restoring Diet as in a Hectick Feaver Consumption and Marasmus Two Remedies prescribed by Galen are the best 7. meth namely Milk and Baths Although Hippocrates Aph. 64. Sect. 5. forbids milk to thirsty people that is to be understood of those who thirst from abundance of Choller and putrid Humors in whom Milk is easily putrified not of those who thirst from driness and Consumption We shewed the use of Milk in the Cure of a Consumption Let the Bath be made of the Decoction of Althaea Roots and Lilly Roots with Mallows and Violet Leaves and of a Decoction of the Heads Feet and Guts of Sheep or melt fresh Butter or Oyl in warm Water to be changed often Going out of the Bath let the Loyns Back and Stomach be anointed with Oyl of Violets the Marrow of a Veal Bone and the like with which let as much Breast or Goats Milk be mingled as they will receive Let the Patient in the mean while use restoring Syrups and Lozenges and other Remedies which shall
Sparrow with the tip of his Tongue he sound it exceeding sharp The dissolving Spirit inherent in the Gizzards of Birds is proved from Physical Practice in which the Gizzards of Hens for to help Concoction are usually prescribed in digestive pouders and it is credible that they produce that effect by helping the dissolution of the meat and the same are prescribed in the Stone and they do much dissolve them and that is more manifestly declared in that from the Gizzards of Birds there is a salt taken which is excellent to dissolve the Stone out of which salt being in grea plenty in their gizzards Nature being wiâ—e and provident knows how to draw a spirit in a living Creature by help whereof with the natural heat she may dissolve solid nourishment and it is ordinarily seen that there is a spirit made of dissolving salt as of Vitriol Niter Armoniack and common salt which is more powerful to dissolve Therefore the Spirit or sharp Liquor which is sent from the Spleen into the Stomach while it is in its natural state makes a laudable Concoction but if it be changed it overthrows he actions of the Stomach as aforesaid from these Positions That a Dog Appetite was stirred up when that spirit or acid Liquor is too active and powerful to dissolve So on the otherside if the dissolving power be too weak or be detective there followeth a diminished or abolished concoction Hence Helmont saiâ—h That the 1. Aph. of Hipp. Sect. 6. which is this In long raging of the Guts if sowr belchings arise which were not formerly it is a good sign is thus to be interpreted because that sowr belching signifie that that fermentation which was lost by the disease begins to return Let us hold up this new Doctrine by our own Experiment for in the yeer past 1648. we had a great Flegnatick and Melanchollick Flux for four months and were brought thereby to extream leanness by reason al our nourishment turned into a Flegmatick and slimy substance from the debility of the Stomach which could not wel concoct the same after many Medicines used al along that time the chief part wherof prosited little or nothing at length by the often use of very sharp Vinegar in a few dayes we were perfectly cured of that violent disease by the force of which Vinegar we may conjecture that the natural sowrness which was almost lost was much restored We used this Vinegar at our meat with hard Egs which being cut in pieces we dipped therein and for some dayes we continued the use thereof in all our meates And we manifestly perceived that if the Vinegar was not very sharp it did our Stomach little good The Knowledg or Diagno is of this Disease according to the differences of hurt Concoction is divers And 〈◊〉 Apepsia and Brady pepsia are known by the same signs only differing in degrees and these signs are sowr belonings vomiting or purging forth of food either not or but half concocted some causes of refrigeration went before there is a weight extention and inflamation in the stomach inconvenience by taking cold things thin urine waterish and pale somtimes thick and red from that impure and silthy juyce which by reason of the imperfection of the first concoction could not be separated from the Chylus but being sent to the Reins with the serous humor makes the urin soul such as meth to be voided by Melanchollick and Scorbutick persons See the Explication of this Urine more at large in Sennertus lib. 3. practimed part 8. sect 2 cap. 7. but the shew Concoction depraved or Dyspepsia Nidorous stinking belchings the like taste or stink in the mouth sense of thirst and heat inconvience by hot things If the Stomach is affected principall there wil be the proper signs of its Disease but if by consent this sympathy is to be sound out from the proper signs of the part affected but if the symprome depends upon the fault of external causes or of the object it wil appear by the relation of the Patient and those that stand by from the present or foregoing Constitution of the same The Pregnostick is thus made the fault of Concoction which comes from external causes is easily helped by taking away those causes is easily helped by taking away those causes and by ordering a good diet Concoction hurt is more easily cured when it comes of humors which are brought from other parts into the stomach then when it is only from the stomach for as if those humors are purged before they fasten any disease in the stomach concoction is restored The Abâ—â—â—shed Concoction of the Stomach is worst of al because the whol nourishment of the body is frustrated from whence comes most deadly diseases as Lientery Dropsie Atrophy and 〈◊〉 The Concoction Diminished brings its inconveniencies as Chollick Cachexy or evil Habit and soâ—â—ume divers sorcs of Dropâ—es The Concoction Deptaved is the Cause of many Evils of Obstructions Scabs Feavers and the lâ—ke 〈◊〉 â—ure is wrought by taking away Causes external antecedent and conjunct which do cause 〈◊〉 and preserve this disease And first observe if the humors be brought from other parts into the stomach and in this cafe they must first be Evacuated and Revelled the disease of the part sending those humors is to be amended and the stomach strengthned the cures of the diseases of other parts must be taken from their proper Chapters But the strengtnening of the stomach may be taken from the cure or the Want of Appetite But the Hurt which comes to the Concoction from the proper fault of the stomach that chiefly takes its begâ—nning from cold or hot humors and therfore requires the same cure which was propounded for Want of Appetite coming of the same Causes which we wil not repeat Lastly If the proper Cause of the Hermeticks afore-mentioned be worth observing you must look to it first correcting the Evil state of the Lwer and then restoring the Spirits dissolving with some acid substance of whith kind is Spirit of Sulphur Vitriol Salt juyce of Lemons Pomegranats Orenges and Vinegar Chap. 6. Of Singultus or Hiccough SIngultus or Hiccough is a depraved Motion of the Stomach by which it desires to expel somthing that is hurtful It is distinguished from vomiting because that which is so sent forth is contained in the Cavity of the Stomach and it is wholly turned to throw it out But in Singultus the matter offending is fixed in the Tunicles of the Stomach therefore it doth contract it self and shakes its fibres to exclude it And that we may comprehend loathing also in this Definition we say that the expulsive motion of the Stomach is three waies For either Nature would somtimes rise to expel and cannot or it is not sufficiently raised to this motion and then it is Nausea or loathing somtimes it riseth and expelleth and then it is Vomiting or lastly it riseth to expel and cannot and that is Singultus This is a
Convulsive Motion not a Convulsion which is only in the Muscles and parts given to voluntary Motion The immediate Causes of Singultus are propounded by Hipp. Aph. 39. Sect. 6. that is Emptiness and Repletion as of a Convulsion But Galen and Avicen ad a third Cause namely a provocation by a sharp matter Some labor to bring the matter provoking to a kind of repletion that they may excuse Hippocrates But when the matter is plain we need not confound and darken the evidences of things for Authors words For what is more cleer than that Singultus comes from the expulsive faculty provoked Therefore whatsoever can provoke is the immediate cause of Singultus or Hiccough But Humors and Vapors offending either in quantity or quality may provâ—ke the Stomach to expulsion and so repletion and acrimony are two distinct causes But it is not eaâ—e to shew how emptiness makes a Singultus For since its Essence is in defect none will say that Nature riseth to expel a defect but rather will be moved to refresh and repair it and so it doth rather move the Attractive than the Expulsive Faculty But if Singultus follow great Evacuations as in sharp Feavers and malignant and purging with Hellebore it is not simply to be attributed to the Evacuation but rather to a malignant quality in the Stomach coming from the Disease or some Medicine taken The Matter causing Singultus is either gathered in the Stomach or sent from the Liver Spleen Guts or other parts or from the whol Body So sharp Nourishment or sharp Medicines or sharp Humors or gnawing Worms contained in the Stomach cause a Singultus by propriety but inflamation of the parts adjacent by water or vapors sent to the Stomach make it by consent as also because the Tumor especially when the Liver is inflamed doth compress the Stomach by which the expulsive faculty is continually provoked Finally Humors may be brought from the whol Body or sharp humors to the Stomach in diseases of the whol Body as appears in sharp and malignant Feavers The Diagnosis or knowledg of this Disease is manifest of it self But the signs of the Cause are thus to be distinguished so that if it be by propriety the disease is more lasting and there will appear signs of the Humors contained in the Stomach and the disease is aâ—â—waged by Vomit The Humor contained in the Stomach is known by vomit belching taste in the mouth and by other signs And finally if it come from a disease in any other part you may take the signs thereof from their proper Chapters As to the Prognostick Singultus that comes from any principal Cause as Meat Drink or Cold is not dangerous as also that which goes before a Crisis by Vomit and then other signs must be healthful If any have the Hiccough in a great Feaver the Disease is very dangerous Hipp. in Coacis For it comes from sharp Humors and malignant which pull the Tunicle of the Stomach in wardly and force its expulsive faculty And Vallesius saith that he never knew any extenuated persons taken with a hot and malignant Feaver who had a Singultus to escape So it is in Hipp. 3. Epid. Sect. 2. Aegr 12. A woman living in the Market had many Hiccoughs upon the twelfth day and died the fourteenth day of her sickness Also Platerus observed that a Singultus coming upon burning Feavers and continuing is for the most part a forerunner of death and the same is deadly in a Dysentery or bloody flux After Vomiting Singultus and redness of the Eyes is evil Hipp. Aph. 3. Sect. 7. These two signs coming after Vomiting in acute Diseases and continuing any time therefore are said to be deadly because they declare an inflamation of the Brain or Stomach which inflamation is not only the cause of Hiccoughs and redness of Eyes but also of Vomiting For if Vomiting come from sharp Humors that gnaw the mouth of the Stomach and its Tunicles when those Humors are thrown out by Vomit the Singultus and vomiting would cease nor would any sharp vapor be sent to the Eyes which should make them red But when Vomiting doth not only not profit but also brings after it Hiccoughs and redness of the Eyes it is most certain that these three namely Vomiting Hiccoughs and Redness of the Eyes do come from the Inflamation of the Brain or Stomach for the Brain being inflamed doth through abundance of blood send it to the Eyes and into their extream Tunicles whence comes redness to which also the Stomach consenting by the Nerves of the sixth Conjugation is easily from the Inflamation of the Brain brought to Vomit and Hiccough Also the Stomach inflamed by a concourse of hot blood to the Eyes by reason of the great consent between those parts brings Vomit Hiccoughs and redness of the Eyes which the beginning of suffocations do demonstrate and the appearance of things before the Eyes which are in the Stomach disordered whence Hippocrates in his Book del ocis in homine affirms that the Eyes are chiefly hurt by Vomiting Singultus from Inflamation of the Liver is hurtful Hipp. Aph. 17. Sect. 7. which comes then as Galen shews in his comment upon that Aphorism when the inflamation is greater and worse for then it is so great in the Liver that it lieth upon the Stomach and brings the Singultus nay somtimes by conflux of matter there is somtimes an inflamation or Erysipelas in the Stomach or else there comes gnawing from the same being sucked into the Tunicles of the Stomach The Cure of this disease is directed to the Causes which as I said do either produce it by way of Sympathy or Propriety The Causes which produce it by sympathy are the diseases of other parts which being cured this is cured although these Medicines are to be administred then which are good to allay the Symptome which shall be afterwards declared This Disease by Propriety comes of Flegm Wind Choller or some sharp or malignant Humor That which comes from Flegm in the Tunicles of the Stomach is cured by Medicines which cut the Humor clense and purge it and by strengtheners of the part such as were prescribed for the Cure of want of Appetite coming of a cold Cause To which we may ad these following as more proper to this disease Take of Castor one dram the juyce of Mints four ounces Mix them let the Patient take one spoonful or two every fit and you may anoint the Stomach with the same Medicine warm twice or thrice in a day He may take Vinegar of Squils often to cut and dissolve the matter contained in the Tunicles of the Stomach or instead thereof Oxymel of Squils Cloves held often in the mouth do not a little profit Also the Elixir Proprietatis of Crollius is very profitable Take of Dill seeds two or three drams boyl them a little in eight ounces of the best Wine of which let the Patient take one ounce first and last Let
by Salivation whatsoever troubles the Stomach either in quantity or quality useth to stir that up when it cannot be voided by reason of the weakness of the Stomach or the strength of the upper Orifice or thickness of the Matter or sliminess But Vomiting which is called in Greek Emetos or Emesia is a Depraved motion of the Stomach which shaketh it by which the Expulsive Faculty is stirred up by Contraction of the Fibres of the lower part and loosening those in the superior doth sensibly with a violent Motion throw upward the Matter contained therein which is troublesom unto it it is called a Depraved Motion both in respect of the Object troubling it as also in respect of the Motion it self which is from the bottom of the Stomach to the Mouth of it turning it when the natural Motion of the Stomach is Compulsive towards the Guts and the Pylorus The Differences of Vomitings are taken from their Causes which are either External or Internal therefore it is Divided first into Natural and Artificial the Natural again is either without a Disease or in the Disease from whence ariseth a Three-fold Difference one is called Periodical another Critical and another Symptomatical Periodical is that which without a Disease is used for preservation often from whence we reade in Hippocrates That the Ancients did Vomit Twice every Month either at distance or together And there are many in our times who use either every Month or Week or Day to Vomit Choller or Flegm by which they are Preserved from many Diseases And this is not properly a Symptome because there is no Disease present but it is rather to be termed a Motion of Nature Critical Vomiting often happens in Diseases and by that the Matter of the Disease if preparation be first made is wholsomly Evacuated either al by which it is Cured or in part by which it is Diminished Symptomatical Vomiting comes from Nature provoked and weakned and without ease to the Patient because it is not enough or it is nourished continually with the Matter that maketh the Disease Other Differences of Vomitings are taken from the things vomited for they are either Nourishable or Excrementitious the first is of Meat Chylus or pure or mixed blood the latter is of Flegm Choller Melancholly Water Matter Worms and the like Artificial Vomiting generally is whatsoever is from an External Cause The External Causes are chiefly Stroaks Falls Compression of the lower Belly Southernly weather or infectious Air Poysonous Breath Stinking Smels Violent Exercise Riding Sayling at Sea especially in a Southernly wind beholding or conceiving of some filthy thing And the like External Causes which provoke Nature or move the Humors but especially things taken in have great force not only vomits called Emetica and Poysons which we distaste but also Nourishment either hurtful in their Nature or hated peculiarly of some as in Hippocrates who speaks of one who with eating of Mushromes or Toad-stooles died Vomiting The same happened to a Courtier of Antoninus the Emperor who by eating much mouldy Cheese died Vomiting The quality of Food wil do the same if it be Fat or Oyly as also a proposterous order in eating when moistning and loosning things are eat after astringents and also too much food taken though never so good as appears in Gluttons for then Nature being over charged desires to throw out what she cannot concoct to which she is also stirred up by the evil quality which is brought to those meats by corruption or evil concoction The internal Causes are either Antecedent or Conjunct The Antedent Causes either come from the whol Body or from some proper peculiar part into the Stomach They come from the whol Body in a Plethory evil habit or Cathexy Feavers and other diseases of the whol Body The Humors are often derived from some peculiar part into the Stomach in the Inflamation of the Liver Spleen or other Obstruction of the Mesentery from the Terms stopped or Hemorrhoids from a Catarrh or the like To this you may ad the evil Conformation of the Porus Cholidochus when it is not placed into the Duodenum but into the Stomach whence they are called Pichrocholi Ana who are often troubled with Chollerick Vomits by reason of this evil Conformation Alâ—o this vomiting cometh by the Peristaltick motion of the Guts when they are stopped in the Chollick and the humors cannot well get forth but come upwards also Worms coming up into the Stomach from the Guts and pulling the inward Tunicle thereof do cause vomiting And lastly An Imposthume broken in the Spleeâ— Mesentery and other parts of the Abdomen useth to cause a vomiting of Matter The Conjunct Causes of Vomiting are them before mentioned when they come to the Stomach for while they were in other they were antecedent Causes These are especially divers Humors some bred in the Stomach especially Flegm of which there is often much in the Stomach by Crudities and want of Concoction when the Stomach is weak and turns it into flegm So also is there somtimes green Choller in the Stomach bred of corrupt Humors as Galen teacheth Com. in 2. Progn and this cleerly appears in sucking Insants who through corruption of Milk in their Stomach use to avoid green stools like Leeches or Verdegreese This green Choller which comes from corrupt nourishment in the Stomach is not the same with that which cometh from yellow Choller by adustion and torrefaction The Signs of Vomiting are manifest But the Causes as they are divers so they have divers signs First then if Vomiting come from a fault in the Stomach there are signs of that part being affected as loathing of meat heaviness extension swelling in the Region of the Stomach slow and hand Concoction sowr and stinking belchings and other signs that shew the distemper of that part So if it come from a Common and Organical Disease in the Stomach as a Tumor or Ulcer the signs of these Diseases will discover themselves But if Vomiting come by sympathy from the whol body or other parts there will appear some Disease of the whol body or some part The whol Body is affected in Feavers evil Habit Jaundice Atrophy or want of nourishment But the Principal parts from which the Humors are sent more frequently to the Stomach are the Brain Liver Guts and Womb. If the Humors flow from the Brain to the Stomach there will appear signs of distillations frothy and flegmy vomitings and a great loathing at meat time If the Humor come from the Liver it is commonly Choller and Vomiting before meat is worse than after and there appears some disease in the Liver as pain or tumor If the Matter come from the Guts either there will be Chollick or Illiack passion or the signs of Worms Lastly If it come from the Womb there is Conception suppression of Terms or other Symptomes We may also know by some signs whether the Humor be contained in the Cavity of the Stomach or stick to the
capable of the same Or rather from Eilesthai which signifieth to be rowled and girt about therefore the Latins call it Volvulus or Convolvulus because the Guts in this Disease seem manifestly to be rowled about and to be moved upwards it is also called Rordapsos because the Guts if you lay your hand on them seem to be like a stretched or twisted cord The Barbarians cal it Miserere mei because it is a miserable Disease and commonly deadly and therefore needs divine Commiseration This Iliack Passion is a preposterous motion of the Intestines in which the Belly is alwayes bound and the Excrements which should be carried downwards are brought to the Stomach and cast out by vomiting It is known that the Intestines have a natural motion by which the Chylus and Faeces are by degrees carried downwards which is called Peristalticus this motion is by the Orbicular and Transverse Fibres which contract the Intestines and is compared to the motion of Earth-worms which move the parts of their bodies successively And this motion is somtimes inverted by preternatural Causes as when the Fibres of the Intestines which ought to be contracted from above down-wards are contracted upwards and whatsoever is in the Guts is not sent towards the Belly but towards the Stomach and then is this Iliack Passion We observe somthing like this in Vomiting for when the Fibres of the Oesophagus contract themselves from the upper part towards the Stomach the meat is swallowed down but when by an inverted order they contract themselves from the part beneath up wards there is vomiting This Peristaltick inverted motion comes from the vehement stirring up of the Expulsive Faculty of the Guts which when it cannot throw down-wards the superfluous Excrementitious matter doth by a violent motion cast it upwards This motion is somtimes so violent that not only Chyle and Wind and Excrementitious Humors but the Faeces also and Excrements which should be sent out by the Anus are thrown forth by vomiting So that Clysters and Suppositories also are snatcht up and vomited out So Matthew de Gradi reports of a Girle of twelve yeers old who in this Disease for three dayes together did not only vomit up Dung and Clysters but also along Suppository a short time after it was administred unto her and when another Suppository was tyed to her Thigh that was presently broken off and vomited up with a piece of the Thred at it And when Thirdly a Suppository was tyed with four strong Threds as before that also was broken off and Vomited up with part of the Threds And at length when the Mother as desired by the Physitian to administer another it was drawn upward with so much violence that she was constrained suddenly to draw it out least it should be again Vomited up There are the like stories in Authors which for brevity sake we omit This stirring up of the Expulsive Faculty of the Guts comes from divers Causes The chief is Obstruction therefore whatsoever doth so violently obstruct the Guts that nothing can descend doth beget this Disease for after the Faculty hath long labored to throw out superfluities the ordinary way and is frustrate of her intention desiring to satisfie the necessity of exclusion she takes another Course and by a preposterous motion drives them upwards and vomiteth them out The Causes obstructing are hard Dung long retained gross vapors gathered in abundance into the Guts and violently distending them Inflamation and other great Tumors which wholly shut up the internal Cavities of the Gut and the circumvolution of it so that it is as it were tied in a knot which often happeneth in a Hernia or rupture and also in the Chollick after which often follows this Ileos because the Intestines being stretched with wind do rowl together and somtimes knit a knot The more unusual causes which do so provoke the expulsive faculty that are constrained to alter their motion are great Ulcers or sharp Humors which twitch the Guts for when the faeces or other Humors going downwards do touch the ulcerated part they so prick it that the faculty is provoked not to suffer so noxious a thing to pass but driveth it upwards with violence which motion the other Intestines stirred up by sympathy do follow till the noxious Matter goes to the Stomach which following the same Motion by the help of the aforesaid faculty drives it forth by vomit The Signs of the Iliack Passion are partly Common to those of the Chollick and partly proper The Common Signs are pain in the Abdomen swelling and pussing up of the Belly a bound Belly loathing of Meat Nausea Vomiting want of Rest difficulty of Breathing and Pissing Those which are Proper and peculiar to this Disease are a sharp pain and most violent pussing up and very violent distension an eminent hard tumor in the Hypogastrium a total suppression of seege so that nothing is voided that way In progress of the Disease there is irregular vomiting first of Choller then of Flegm and Chylous Matter and at length of dung or rather of a Matter like it of corrupt and stinking Meat for the faeces are seldom sent upwards when they are neer death there is abundance of cold sweat refrigeration of the extream parts trembling of the Heart disturbance and fainting Galen in Comment Aph. 10. Sect. 7. affirms that the proper and inseparable sign of this Disease is not to go to stool at all But Hippocrates seems to affirm the contrary 3. Epid. Sect. 2. Text. 7. in an History of a Woman thus affected which dwelt at Tisamen saying there were thin few and crude dejections To which difficulty we answer That in the beginning of the disease some stools may be from the faeces contained beneath the Gut affected which by Nature or Art may be excluded before all the Intestines consent and lose their proper and Natural faculty But when the Disease is confirmed and the motion of all the Guts is peristal like and inverted wholly there is nothing more sent downward The signs of the Causes are these If Ileos come from Inflamation which often happeneth the Disease is most acute and comes quickly to the heighth there is an intense feaver a most vehement pain Chollerick Vomitings and flegmatick do soon appear and faeces and dung do presently and other deadly signs before mentioned If it come from the faeces endurable there went before it a constriction of the Belly for many daies and in the beginning there is no pain but afterwards there is the Disease is of longer continuance nor is it so acute as that which comes from Inflamation neither is the pain so great nor the Feaver so strong and somtimes there is none If it come from wind or flegm it followeth for the most part the Chollick and signs of the Chollick of flegm and wind went before which are laid down in the Chapter afore going As for the Prognostick Every Ileos is dangerous but one more than another
the Liver which also destroyeth the Natural heat This evil disposition and occult distemper may come by burning and swooning Feavers by a hot distemper of the Bowels which melteth the Oyly substance by occult corruption and corruption of Humors by a great coldness from flegm and Melancholly abounding which doth oppress and corrupt the Natural heat and it may come by outward Causes as great draughts of cold Water Snow or Ice extraordinary eating of raw Sallets Poyson and Medicines that purge too vehemently By drinking of too much new Wine salt sharp and peppered Meats and strong things which parch the substance of the Liver To these you may add al other Causes which by too much cooling or heating do dissolve the strength and tone or order of the Liver Hitherto is declared a true and proper flux of the Liver which hath this sign there are Liquid and ferous stools like washings of flesh from the weakness of the Liver which cannot sanguifie or make blood well or from a malignant distemper which spoileth the Natural heat and moisture There is also a bastard flux of the Liver which comes of a simple distemper without any fault of the radical moisture by which distemper the faculty is not hurt but the work hindered so that instead of pure blood there comes impure and corrupt or the good turns into evil when in a true of the Liver there is never any good blood in the Liver The Blood is corrupted either by the mixture of Choller or Melancholly or some other impure Matter or from its too long staying in the Liver and the parts adjacent by which it is made thicker or burnt or rotteth or from the fault of the Spleen which doth not suck away the drossie blood and in this bastard flux somtimes thick somtimes black and somtimes blood is voided mixed with Humors of divers colors The signs of this Disease may be gathered from what hath been said For in a true flux there appear moist stools like washings of flesh which is not in other bloody fluxes if in a Dysentery at any time it is seldom and then there is choller flegm and excrements of divers colors voided and in a Dysentery there is pain and torment of the belly but in this none The Signs of the Causes are known by their proper Characters For if the weakness of the Liver come from a hot distemper there went a burning and consuming Feaver before or there is green vomits or stools thirst and a Feaver foulness of Body and want of appetite and stinking Evacuations but if it come from a cold cause the stools are less stinking neither is there thirst or consumption the whol Body is colder and blewish Somtimes there comes a Feaver from the putrefaction of Humors which changeth the said symptomes but you must examine the Causes afore going which will declare both distempers Also in this cold distemper the Patients desire much strong Wine A moist and dry distemper are known by the contrary effects A moist causeth more and oftener stools very thin but a dry little and thicker stools but there is also great thirst Lastly The external Causes are known by the relation of the Patient and those that are with him A bastard flux of the Liver hath almost all signs of a Dysentery only there is no pain of the belly nor pieces of flesh in the stools as in a Dysentery The Prognostick of this Disease useth to be evil and deadly for when a principal part is very ill by consumption of the radical moisture whose reparation is scarce to be hoped for we can expect for the most part nothing but destruction especially when the Disease comes of heat When this disease comes in Feavers there presently follows a melting of the Body and great putrefaction which presently kils the party For in malignant and pestilent Feavers the danger is encreased according to the evil condition of the Cause But when this Disease comes of a cold distemper it useth to last longer and turn into an incurable Dropsie Lastly A bastard flux of the Liver although it be dangerous yet is it less than a true because it comes only from a simple distemper and evil disposition of the Humors the tone and strength of the Liver remaining sound and may be cured by taking away the Causes that defile the Blood The Cure of this Disease is wrought by Medicines that strengthen the Liver correct its distemper and stay the flux And because it comes oftenest of a hot distemper therefore we wil first speak of the Cure of that distemper because it comes seldom of a cold Cause and is to be cured as a Dropsie First therefore although Evacuations seem to be needless by reason of the greatnâ—ss of the flux you may give Rhubarb either alone or with Myrobalans as in the Cure of Dysentery because it doth strengthen the Liver and the rather if you sind any filth in the stools for many Patients have been cured by only one scruple of Rhubarb given many daies together in Conserve of Roses Clysters are here of little worth because the Liver is affected yet somtimes you may give one of chaly beat or steeled Milk or of a gentle astringent Decoction lest the Guts should be too much relaxed But you may make Juleps to strengthen the Liver and correct its distemper thus Take of Succory Graminis or Dogs Teeth and Sorrel Roots of each one ounce Endive Succory Plantane and Dodder of each one handful Sea-wormwood half a handful red Sanders one dram and an half the shavings of Ivory and Spodium of each two scruples Corâ—ander seeds prepared one dram red Roses one pugil boyl them to â—â—e pint and an half dissolve in the straining Syrup of Quinces and simple Syrup of Vinegar of each two ounces Make a Julep for four Doses to be taken morning and evening Or Take of Plantane Water four ounces Syrup of dried Roses one ounce Spirit of Vitriol aâ— much as will make it moderately sharp make a Julep to be repeated often He may also take of these Syrups following often in a spoon Take of Syrup of Myrtles Quinces and dried Roses of each one ounce the Syrup of Succâ—â—â— simple or compound with Rhubarb one ounce and an half mix them There is an excellent Syrup made of the Tincture of Roses made in Rose Water and with Sugar of Roses brought into a Syrup Also this following Pouder given to the quantity of half a dram or a dram once or twice in a day in a rear Egg Broth or other fit Liquor may be used with profit Take of Plantane and Soâ—rel seeds of each one dram Endive Purslane Dodder and Coriander seeds of each one scruple red Roses and Troches of Spodium Gum Tragacanth torrefied of each half a dram the inward skins of Hens Gizzards dried half a scruple make a very fine Pouder Or the Lozenges made of the three Sanders with a double quantity of Rhubarb given to two drams at a time are good
Symptomes appear besides these which are not found in that nor mentioned by Authors nor belong to another Disease you may conjecture that it is the Scurvy The Chief are these which are not al sound in one Patient but one of them is sufficient to shew that the Disease is such The First most remarkable Sign is in the Gums Mouth and Teeth in the Gums redness itching and putrefaction and somtimes bleeding and stink which are somtimes in the Palate Jaws and Teeth which are loose and black The Second which is an evident Sign also is Spots in the Legs which at first are Red and after Purple blue and black Somtimes there are in the Legs broad spots black or blue or both these come from the serous filthy part of the blood which is unfit to nourish the body and therefore is sent by nature out of the Veins to the Skin by the Nausiosis of the Veins as Hippocrates saies of Fractures and this happens often in the Shins and Legs because nature useth to send the worst Humors to the most ignoble and remotest parts somtimes when there is more plenty of matter you shal find them in the back arms neck and face The third sign is shortness of Breath and straightness of the Breast which comes commonly from thick vapors arising from the Hypochondria that get to the Midriff as also from Tumors and swellings by wind of those parts that press upon the Midriff especially from the Twelling of the Sweet-bread which commonly in this Disease is fulled with gross Melancholly Hence the Patients complain not of their Breast but of the part affected whereby they feel the weight and by reason whereof the Breath is short as Eugalenus noted well who was much acquainted with this Disease and many Observations therein yet he knew not the cause of this weight namely the swelling of the Sweet-bread nor doth any that write hereof make mention of it Yet we observed it in My Lord Audeyer President of the Senate of Gratianopolis whom we thought had the Scurvy as you may reade in his History at length in our Observations Cent. 3. Obs 85. For being very lean we did easily perceive with our fingers a hardness in the Sweet-bread and by handling of the part he confessed that all his shortness of Breath and straightness came from thence The fourth sign is Laziness and heavineâ—s of Body especially in the Legs which comes from watery and foul Humors which come through the Veins to the Muscles and the whol Body The fifth sign is in the Urine which is divers as in Hypochondriack Melancholly but in this they somtimes differ because they are cleer and red like a Lye from the plenty of salt Humors The redness is higher and inclining to black by how much the more salt humor there is As in a Lixivium somtimes the Urine is very thick with a red thick sediment like the Pouder of Bricks and somtimes this Humor is so much that it causeth burning and pissing by drops especially in them who have this Disease from stoppage of the Hemorrhoids and after it is setled the third or fourth part of the Urinal is filled with thick and black filth which makes some think it to be the Stone or Ulcer of the Bladder Somtimes the Urine varieth without manifest cause to day thick to morrow thin now pale then yellow or red The sixth sign is from the Pulse which is now weak and unequal leaping or formicans that you would wonder he should live with it anon it is great and hard without Inflamation And this is to be observed That in time of fainting and swooning with which he is often troubled his Pulse is greatest and strongest Which comes from the Heart contending to cast out those vapors with which it is oppressed The seventh sign is pain in divers parts in the Thighs heavy and somtimes stretching somtimes Ostokopos or at the bone somtimes in the Shins Ankles Soals of the Feet in the taps of the Fingers in the Hips Knees and other Joynts or parts to which the Salt Humors flow somtimes in the Belly like the Chollerick Chollick and it comes from these Humors flowing upon the Caul these in the Arms Thighs and Legs are like those of the Pox and may wel deceive a Physitian in France where the Scurvy is rare and the Pox common But they may be thus distinguished The pains in the Pox are between the Joynts and if they stay long make knots and there are or have been then also other Symptomes of it as running of the Reins Ulcer of the Yard Bubo and the like or Uncleanness with Women But the Scurvy pains seize upon al parts indifferently and then there are other signs of it or at least a Melanchollick Constitution and the Matter is certainly known if the Patient wil truly say that he hath not been with unclean Women Which caused our suspicion in a Magistrate who had a long time great pain in his Feet Shins and Thighs and was brought very lean â—o that you would have thought that he had the Marasmus or Consumption And when no Medicines for a long time would do him good we from his Melanchollick Complexion and other signs especially because he leâ— a â—ost chast life and because for many yeers his Gums did bleed at certain times conjectured that it was the Scurvy and by using of things against that Disease for some time he was cured Somtimes those pains remain in the Hypochondria somtimes in the Loyns so that they are weak and can scarcego Hence this Disease is called Lumbago Somtimes the pains are like the Stone and the Urine is very red or black and if you do not diligently observe you will think they are bloody and that it comes from the Reins wounded by the Stone when it is from a scurvy salt Matter in the Spleen and parts adjacent sent into the Urine Some have Head-ach and heat at nights if they caught this Disease from stoppage of the Hemorrhoids by reason of the vapors which ascend and all the night after they are as in a Feaver all over their Bodies which the next morning vanisheth by sweating They have often the Tooth-ach without any evident reason or cause and it is not in one place but movable from one Tooth to another making them loose and they again fix of their own accord the pain and tumor being discussed Somtimes the pain of the Scurvy is in the sides imitating the Pleurisie from which it is easily distinguished because it is without a Feaver at least a strong one the breath is not hindered there is no Cough no spitting nor is the pain constant but coming by fits Also it will be in the Joynts and we must declare how it is distinguished from a true Arthritis or Joynt-gout The pain of the Joynts in the Scurvy is not fixed and constant in the same place but runs from one Joynt to another either on the same or on the contrary side somtimes
full by which means they make thin and fluid that thick earthy and salt humor and at length discuss it Moreover they have a certain preservative and opposing Vertue against the poyson of the Scurvy which is in the Melanchollick Humor Among these the chief is Dutch Scurvy-grass which is not in France Another is Cresses of both sorts but the Water-cress is best Brooklime Hors-Rhadish the lesser Celandine Woâ—mwood and Fumitory To which may be added many others but of less vertue and all they are such which can prepare correct and tame the Melanchollick Humor Hence it is that we directed the Cure against Hypochondriack Melancholly to be used here Those are Carduus Ceterach all the Capillar Herbs Hysop Germander Bettony Agrimony Borrage Bugloss Elicampane Asarum Ditch Dock Polypody of the Oak Capar Ash and Tamarisk barks Flowers of Elder Tamarisk and Dodder of Time In the choyce of these Plants you must alwaies observe this That you give the least quantity of hot things and that you alwaies mix with them cold or moderate things and in a greater quantity especially in hot Countries in which Melancholly is burnt And besides the Capillar Herbs with Borrage Bugloss and Agrimony before mentioned when there is a Feaver or we fear heat you may ad Endive Succory Sorrel Juyce of Citrons Lemmons Orrenges and also Spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol or whey Of these former Plants you may make many sorts of Medicines which are all gathered by Sennertus out of all Authors which every man may imitate as he pleaseth Yet this we must mark which all Authors mention That the aforesaid Plants work more powerfully if you â—ake their Juyce or make them into Conserves because the flying salt wherein all their vertue remaineth is gone by decoction as also if the Plant be dried We have used these following forms with good success Take of câ—eer Juyces of Water-cresses and Brook-lime of each one ounce the Juyce of Fumitory two ounces white Sugar two drams Make a Potion Or Take of the Juyce of Fumitory and Water-cresses of each two ounces mix them Or Take of the Juyces of Sorrel Fumitory and Water-cresses of each two ounces Miâ— them You may give more Juyce of Sorrel if you desire to cool more or Juyce of Lemmons oâ— thâ— like The power of the Medicines will be more to dissolve that sticking clammy Tartar if you add one dram of Salt of Tartar with Spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol one scruple or half a dram and because in the use of these Medicines we purge often it is good to infuse one dram or two of Senna all night in the said Juyces and give it every other day or every third day It is worth your while to give somtimes also some steeled Medicines such as we prescribed in Hypochondriack Melancholly as also the strengthening and opening Opiates and others as in wisdom you shall think fit And last Mineral Waters that are sharp and of Vitriol used in due season are very beneficial for the Cure of this Disease The End of the Twelfth Book THE THIRTEENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Mesentery Sweet-bread and Caule The PREFACE MAny Authors are very short in the explaining of the Diseases of the Mesentery Sweet-bread and Caul and the most of them have left them out because they are hard to be known and for the most part only from Dissection of dead Bodies as appears by stories in Schenkius Sennertus and others Yet they are very ordinary and usual from whence Fernelius saith That oftentimes there are causes of many Diseases in the Mesentery as of Choller Melancholly Diarrhoea Dysentery evil Habit Consumption Faintness of lingering Feavers Vomitings Chollicks Tumors and Imposthumes And Sylvius called the Mesentery the Mother of many Diseases by others she is called the Physitians Nurse We may say the same of the Sweet-bread and Caul for they are ignoble parts and as it were sinks of the Body to which the noble Members do send their Excrements And although these parts as all other are subject to all kinds of Diseases Similary Organical and Common and many Symptomes arise from them yet we will only speak of those which are most in practice and comprehend this Book in five Chapters The first shall be of the Obstruction of the Mesentery The second of the Inflamation of the Mesentery The third of the Imposthume Scirrhus and Vlcer of the Mesentery The fourth of the Diseases of the Sweet-bread The fifth of the Diseases of the Caul Chap. 1. Of the Obstruction of the Mesentery THese Obstructions in the Mesentery come of the same Causes which are mentioned in the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen but they happen more easily and more often by reason of the straitness of the Meseraick Veins and especially of the Milky Veins which carry the Chylous Matter to the place of the second Concoction and when that Chylous Matter is filled with crude and thick juyce it comes to pass that not having a free passage it sticks in those little Veins and makes Obstructions Also the Meseraick Veins are stopped by thick Humors sent from the Liver Spleen and other parts and there continuing till they grow thicker so that somtimes they cause a Scirrhus With these Humors somtimes gross Vapors are mixed which use to be the cause of great Symptomes To the Obstruction or rather making narrow of these Veins we refer compression which comes from the Glandles which are spread through the whol substance of the Mesentery for when these grow beyond measure as in those who have the Kings Evil or Struma they compress the Meseraick Veins and hinder both the passage of the Chylus and of the Blood The Signs of these Obstructions are to be divided into three kinds as we did in the Obstructions of the Liver namely into such as shew the Disease the Part affected or the Cause The Signs of the Disease that is of the Obstructions lying in the Hypochondria and also the Signs of the Causes are the same with the Obstruction of the Liver and Spleen and are from that Chapter to be taken But those Signs which properly shew the peculiar Disease of the Mesentery are stretching and resistance in the middle of the Belly and under the Stomach and about the Navel a weight in the same parts and somtimes a dull pain and somtimes a most sharp when wind is contained in those parts somtimes there is pain in the back because the Mesentery is tied to that part there is rumbling in the Belly belching and vapors flying to the Head from whence come divers Symptomes and lastly all those which use to happen in Hypochondriack Melancholly signifie Obstruction of the Mesentery because that also proceeds and is maintained by the same Obstructions As for the Prognostick This Disease of its self is not dangerous because an ignoble part can endure great evils without danger of death moreover you may apply strong Medicines for the Cure which being well administred
of pain altogether for in an Imposthume there is alwaies some pain especially if it be pressed hard Moreover this Tumor is distinguished from the Tumor of other parts by the Scituation thereof as we said before of the Inflamation of the Mesentery But if the Imposthume lie in the Mesentery without any visible Tumor there can be no certain sign but by an artificial conjecture we may suspect namely if there be loathing of Meat or vomiting without manifest fault of the Stomach and a great fulness after little Meat weariness of the whol Body and fainting without manifest cause if the Belly be unaccustomarily bound or loose and void stinking Excrements and somtimes bloody without suspicion of a Dysentery To these you may add great watchings and if they sleep they faint and have great Sweats And though somtimes there appear neither Feaver nor pain yet there is commonly an obscure one of which if there appear no manifest cause we must conjecture that it comes from this Disease especially if any of the aforesaid signs be joyned there with as also if the Abdomen be violently pressed the Patient will perceive some inward pain it is true that by violent compression you may cause pain in sound places but if you perceive more pain in one part than in another after all parts have been pressed and when that part is alwaies most pained and the more by pressing you may strongly conjecture that the imposthume is there If at length there come forth Matter then the Imposthume will be manifest Commonly it is voided by stool of divers sorts according to the disposition of the part affected and of those adjacent Hence one while the Matter is pure and white in great plenty without sence of pain when it is sent by the Meseraick Veins into the Guts somtimes when the Imposthume is in the thick and lowest Guts the Matter is mixed with the Excreâ—ents somtimes it is sent to the Reins and cast forth by Urine somtimes being sent in great quantities between the Peritonaeum and the Muscles of the Abdomen it falls into the Cavity of the Belly by breaking of the Peritonaeum or breaks outwardly by an Imposthume so that a great quantity of Matter flows from the Navel and somtimes Worms therewith through the corruption of the Mesentery And that which sent forth by stool which is the usual is somtimes white and laudable as was said somtimes mixed with blood or water somtimes black blood and stinking somtimes other black Matter or of divers colors But whether this purulent Matter come from the Mesentery Liver Spleen or other part it is known by the proper signs of every part affected When the Imposthume is broken and the Matter floweth it is certain that there is an Ulcer in the Mesentery which somtimes is quickly cured and somtimes it is of long continuance and brings rottenness upon the whol part and a Gangrene As for the Prognostick The Imposthume of the Mesentery is dangerous for if it continue long in the part as it often happens it breeds filthy rottenness or a Gangrene or brings the Patient into a Consumption or Dropsie If it break and the Ulcer be not quickly cured but gets an evil condition it hath the like event a Gangrene Consumption or Dropsie Somtimes when the Imposthume is broken and very stinking Matter is sent into the Cavity of the Belly the Patient dies suddenly The Scirrhus or hard Tumor of the Mesentery is lest dangerous and if it be new will admit of a Cure but if it be old it brings the Patient to a Dropsie The Cure of these Diseases is to be varied according to the diversity of them And first an Imposthume bred requires opening and evacuation and it must be softened with opening and purging Medicines such as are laid down in the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen not omitting outward Softeners and Looseners Fomentations Cataplasms and Liniments which do make the Matter of the Imposthume thin and open the passages that the Matter may better be voided After the Imposthume is opened you must clense the Ulcer and heal it for which purpose the Remedies mentioned in the Cure of the Ulcers of the Stomach Liver Reins and Womb are very good of which a wise Physitian may take his choyce according to the divers dispositions both of the Bodies and the Diseases And a Scirrhus of the Mesentery is cured with the same Medicines which are set down for the Cure of the Scirrhus or hard Swelling of the Liver and Spleen Chap. 4. Of the Diseases of the Pancreas or Sweet-bread THe Ancient Anatomists knew no action of the Pancreas or Sweet-bread but the use only namely to prop the Vessels least they should be in danger of breaking and to be instead of a Pillow to the Stomach least when it is full it should be hurt by the hardness of the Vertebrae or Back-bone But the Modern Anatomists have ascribed very great action unto it namely the first preparation of the Chyle and clensing of it so that it may be brought to the Liver more pure which the milky Veins seem to confirm because they are dispersed through the Pancreas Besides in the middle of it there is an open passage which goes to the Guts by which it is probable that the Excrements of the Chyle are purged therefore the Pancreas hath its Diseases which hurt the whol Body especially Obstructions and Tumors as the Mesentery hath namely when the Chylous Matter is crude and thick and is brought to it from the Stomach not sufficiently digested and when it doth not freely flow from it Riolanus observed a Scirrhus of the Pancreas in Augustine Thuanus that wrote the History of his Times most elegantly in Latin who when he had for four yeers among other Symptomes a heaviness continually in his Stomach especially when he walked or stood still without Swelling or hardness in the Hypochondria had a Pancreas as big as his Liver after he was dead hard and Scirrhus full of knots like Pidgeons Eggs. But because the Pancreas is covered with the Stomach its Tumors are scarce to be felt and this is the cause because there is no mention commonly of them and they have been found only after death Yet you may make a handsom Conjecture of them from what Riolanus observed in Thuanus namely If there be a sence of weight or heaviness in the Stomach and no Tumor or hardness in the Hypochondria and other signs of Obstructions than are mentioned in the Obstructions of the Liver Spleen and Mesentery To which you may add pain and other Symptomes of the Stomach by reason of its neerness shortness of breath by reason of the compression of the Diaphragma By which signs we suppose that the Lord Audeyerius President of the Senate of Gratianopolis had a Scirrhus of the Pancreas and we could perceive it by touching by putting our hand deep to the sides of the Stomach about the middle because he was lean and we found a
thick slimy and crude Humors coming commonly from evil Diet for these Virgins drink great draughts of Water at bed-time or in the morning fasting or eat Vinegar Herbs unripe Fruits Snow or Ice hence it is that they lose their Natural heat and there is abundance of crude Excrements Others sleep too much or are very idle as Seamsters which by sitting stil al day are very cold Others watch too much and use unseasonable exercise as dauncing presently after meat and so continuing with their Sweet-hearts all night Moreover they have great cares and disturbances of mind by which the Concoction is destroyed and the Body filled with evil Juyce The Knowledge of this Disease is easie from the Symptomes following First The Face and all the Body is pale and white somtimes of a Lead color blew or green for crude flegmatick and â—erous Humors abounding and being carried to the habit of the body do discolor it and if Choller or Melancholly be mixed with that flegm the color wil be yellowish greenish or blew The Second is Swelling in the Face and Eye-lids especially after sleep because the motive heat being closed and contracted at night raised more vapors than it could discuss The Leggs also and Feet especially about the Ankles and the whol Body is loose and soft by reason of the abundance of flegm Thirdly Heaviness and Idleness in the whol Body a lazy stretching forth of the Leggs from the Humors being fallen down Fourthly There is difficult breathing especially when they move themselves or go up Hils or steep places then the thick blood grows warm and thence arise many vapors which cause shortness of breathing Fifthly There is Palpitation of the Heart and beating of the Arteries in the Temples when the Body is exercised by reason of the same evaporation which is raised from thick Humors heated by Exercise Sixthly There is often a great Head-ach and somtimes in the hinder part of the Head when the Womb suffers but in the Forehead when the vapors arise most from the Hypochondria Seventhly The Pulse is swift and quick as if they were in a Feaver and therefore this Disease is called the white Feaver by reason of the quickness of the Pulse which is so for this reason The vital faculty being weak makes the Pulâ—e little therefore Nature supplies the smalness of it with often beating Eightly The sleep is very sound they sleep til midnight except they be forcibly awaked and this is from many thick vapors which arise from the filthy flegm Ninthly There is a great loathing of wholsom meat by reason of the great collection of Crudities in the Stomach and parts adjacent and these Humors when they grow worse cause the Pica or longing for things that are not to be eaten Lastly When the evil encreaseth and the Obstructions are multiplied the Terms stop which shews the Disease to be at the height and confirmed As for the Prognostick That Disease commonly is not dangerous and continueth a long time But if it be too much neglected and suffered to take root so that the Nourishment is hindered there follow great Diseases of the Natural parts as Scirrhous and other Tumors and corruption of the substance of them which cause death by Dropsies long Feavers and the like When the Disease is less and comes only from the Obstruction of the Veins of the Womb in yong women it is cured by Marriage Women that have long been in this Disease either are barren or their Children are diseased and weak There is great hope of recovery when the Terms keep their ordinary course and their due quantity and quality The Cure of this Disease is by opening Obstructions by emptying of the filthy Humors from the whol Body and correcting the distemper of the Bowels and strengthening of them The Obstructions are taken away by the Medicines which were mentioned in the Cure of the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen adding some things which respect the Womb and that are more proper to open those Veins First then give a purging Medicine agreeable to the Patients temper made of gentle things to clense the first Region only and a Clyster before it if the Body be bound Then open a Vein if the Disease be not very old and the Maid very much without blood and inclining to an evil habit Let the Vein of the Arm be opened first although the Terms be stopped for if then you draw blood from the Foot the Obstructions of the Veins of the Womb will be greater by their fulness And if the Liver be most stopped take blood from the right Arm if the Spleen from the left After you have bled sufficiently you must give an ordinary Purge by way of an Apozeme such as was prescribed in the Cure of the Obstructions of the Liver To which you may add some Herbs that are proper to the Womb as Mugwort Feaverfew Peny-royal and if the Spleen be stopped you may add proper things for that as Capar barks Ceterach or Spleenwort Harts-tongue It the temper be Chollerick and there be signs of a hot and dry Liver you must take all the hot simples out of the Apozeme and put in cold openers instead thereof For the more delicate Virgins instead of Apozemes you may give the Broths prescribed in the aforesaid Cure of the Liver and change the simples as we said of the Apozeme In the mean while you may use Fomentations and Liniments prescribed in the same Chapter not only to the Liver but to the Spleen and Womb. After Purging 〈◊〉 this Bath following to open and loosen the Vessels and to dissolve and digest the Matter 〈◊〉 Obstructions which are of such force that we have known somtimes the Terms to begin to flow at the third or fourth bathing when they have formerly been long stopped Take of Marsh-mallow Roots Lilly Roots Elicampane Briony wild Cucumer of each two pound Mallows Violets Mercury Penyroyal Feaverfew Balm of each four handfuls Linseed and Fenugreek beaten of two ounces boyl them in spring Water for a Bath Let her go into it warm twice in a day not sweating long before and after meat for two daies renewing each day the Decoction The day after the last Bath if the Terms be stopped let the lower Veins be opened and take away three ounces of blood and this may be done twice or thrice at that time in which the Terms used to flow Or if they never did appear at that time in which the Patient is most asslicted After these Medicines to strengthen the Bowels and to wear away the reliques of the Obstructions an opening and strengthening Opiate wil do very wel described in the place mentioned to which you may add two drams of Foecula Brioniae and as much of Salt of Mugwort But because somtimes the Obstructions are so great that they wil not presently be cured you must make a Magistral Syrup of the Ingredients to the Apozeme before mentioned with an encrease of the purging Medicines in quantity and
part of them is found out by touching seeing and relation of the Patients The Obstruction and straightness of the Vessels of the Womb are known by pain in the Loyns and parts adjacent especially in the time the Terms should flow and if any thing flow at that time it is slimy white and blackish Now the Diseases of the adjacent parts which may shut the mouth of the Womb or the Veins will appear by their proper signs You may know the abounding of blood in the Veins by the swelling of the Veins in the Thighs and Arms especially if the Woman be fleshy and red and have fed high You may suppose there is want of blood if the Woman be fat if she have had a long Feaver went before or loathing of meat The evil quality of the blood is known by the evil habit of the Body by the distemper of the Liver and other parts and especially by the blood it self if you can see some of it The preposterous motion of the blood when it flows another way is manifest of it self As to the Prognostick The stoppage of the Terms is very dangerous and many great diseases come thereof and some in the Womb it self as swellings imposthumes and Ulcers others in the whol Body and divers parts thereof as Feavers Obstructions evil Habits Loathing Dropsie Heart-ach Cough short Breathing Fainting sore Eyes Madness Melancholly Headach Joynt-gout and the like Hippocrates Lib. 1. of Womens Diseases hath shewed the encrease of Diseases from the stopping of the Terms in these words The third month after the stoppage of the Terms they begin to feel suffocations or shortness of breath with horrors heaviness of the Loyns and somtimes a Feaver But if it last long the Belly grows hard they piss much they loath meat and watch much they grate their Teeth in sleep and if they continue longer stopped the pains will be greater but in the sixth month that Disease which was formerly curable will be then incurable then she wil be troubled in mind and faint vomit flegm thirsty the Belly about the Privities will be pained there will be a Feaver and the Body bound and the Urine stopped the Back will ach and she will stammer Afterwards the Leggs Feet and Belly will swell and the Urine be red bloody and pain over all the Body especially the Neck and Back-bone and Groyns and so they die of a Dropsie Thus far Hippocrates But here is a doubt because the Author saith That in the sixt month the Disease is incurable when Experience teacheth the contrary and Hippocrates himself 4. Epid. reports that a Maid who had her Terms stopped for seven Yeers was restored to health by the return of them Hippocrates may be reconciled to himself by saying That after six months the Disease is incurable when the Terms are in the Body or Cavity of the Womb because there they putrefie and come to suppuration as in the After-birth or Blood retained But this is not to be understood of every Suppuration That Stoppage is least dangerous which comes from plenty of good Blood or fat bleeding or other Evacuations because those Causes may easily be removed That is harder to be cured which comes from heaviness of Humors Obstruction of Vessels or straitness because that stubborn Humor getting into the innermost passages cannot be got forth but by long pains and Medicines which Women are very unwilling to receive That stoppage which cometh from the distemper only of the Womb is worst because the part being hurt by propriety is hard to be cured by reason of the continual flux of Humors which the part is disposed to receive and therefore is called the Jakes of the whol Body The Cure of this Disease is divers according to the variety of the Causes And first if it come from too much blood you must abate the quantity by Phlebotomy in the Arm for if the lower veins should be first opened the blood would be drawn more to the Womb where it would make greater obstruction and distention of Vessels and break them or cause Inflamation of the Womb. After the Plethory or abundance of blood is taken away you must draw the blood down by opening the lower Veins about the time that the Patient used before to be clensed as also by Frictions Ligatures Cupping-glasses dry and with Scarrification These things done you must relax and soften the parts of the Womb with Fomentations and Baths and moistening Unguents which if they cannot master the Disease you may give Hysterical Purges and such as do properly provoke the Terms which we shal after descrhibe cusing the mildest If want of Blood be the cause as after long Feavers great Evacuations and Extenuation of the Body you must not provoke them till you have used Restoratives and blood be renewed and whatsoever is the cause of extenuation be removed which things being done the Terms do commonly flow of themselves which if they do not but Nature forgets her office you must open the inferior Veins and use the Medicines afore mentioned so that you take not away too much blood becaus the strength is little and lest the Patient fal into a Consumption But here you must diligently mark That every extenuation of the body doth not signifie want of blood but only after great evacuations consuming Causes for it comes to pass somtimes that the Terms stopt in the Veins get an evil quality which makes the blood unfit to nourish hence comes leanness although the Veins be filled with much bad blood and then large bleeding is very good as Galen confirms Comment 3. in Lib. 6. Epid. I saith he cured a Woman that had her Courses stopped eight months when she was lean by drawing much blood as also others But what happened to that famous Woman was remarkable I opened a Vein when other Physitians feared the success and were against me saying that it must hurt her not only because she was lean but also because she had no stomach to eat But these yong Physitians had a more Sophistical way to observe what happened to the Patients and to neglect the affects and Causes which are the ground of Cure I took to my best remembrance the first day a pint and an half of blood from the woman the next day one pint the third not above half a pint or eight ounces Thus Galen By which it is manifest That from lean women of this disease you may take a great quantity of blood although the women of our Age will not endure it The stoppage of the Courses comes from a preposterous motion of the blood when it is sent forth by the Nose Vomiting spitting or Hemorrhoids and the like The Cure is by repelling it from those parts and bringing it to the passage of the Womb. First while they bleed you must wash Arms Head and Face with cold Water and keep them from the use of those parts especially loud speaking then you must open a Vein beneath Two or three daies
portion remains behind This happens principally in the Womb-Liver a part whereof is somtimes annexed to the Womb and left there doth putrefie which makes the Child-bed fluxes to come forth greenish stinking and Carrion like and if within few daies it be not separated from the womb and excluded it casts the sick woman into great danger of death seeing it may mortifie the Womb. If Clotters of Blood or any other preternatural thing shal remain in the Cavity of the womb after Child-bearing it may thereby be known because the neck of the womb remains soft and open neither is the inner Orisice thereof shut neither is the womb drawn upwards and whereas when all goes well after Child-birth the womb is drawn upwards and its neck and orifice are quickly shut An Example here of is propounded by Dr. Havey in his Treatise de Partu concerning a woman who having a malignant Feaver and being very weak miscarried and after exclusion of a perfect Child and uncorrupted yet being very weak with a creeping Pulse and cold Sweats she was ready to give up the Ghost He feeling her womb perceived the Orifice thereof lax soft and very wide and putting in his fingers he drew forth a Mole as big as a Gooses Egg having certain holes in it containing a clammy black and stinking putrefied matter and the woman was soon freed from the foresaid Symptomes and quickly recovered her health It happens likewise in some women that the Orifice of the womb presently after their delivery is so shut up that the blood contained within the womb suddenly clottering and putrefying causeth most sad Symptomes and when no Art can bring it forth present death follows Yet Dr. Harvey relates in the place aforesaid the History of a woman cured by him of this Disease The Lips of the Water-gate were swelled and very hot the mouth of the womb was hard and close shut He opened it a little with an Iron Instrument which he forcibly put in so as it would admit an Injection made by a Syringe and thereupon clotted black and stinking blood some pounds in quantity came away by which means the sick woman had present ease The Prognostick of these Feavers herein only differs from the Prognostick of such like Feavers which happen to those that are not in a childing condition because through the Labors of Child-birth the strength of the patient is more dejected and by reason of the Child-bed Purgations suppressed there is a greater redundancy of Humors in the Veins and in both respects the Party is in greater danger The Decision of that famous Question Whether the computation of the daies of the womans sickness ought to be made from the beginning of her Disease or from the day in which she is delivered of her Child makes much to cleer the Prognostick of this Disease especially to foretel the Crisis Which Question we shal therefore thus briefly determine If the Birth of the Child were natural attended with no grievous symptomes and the Child-bed Purgations were as they should be and the Feaver come some daies after the account ought not to be made from the day of the Childs birth but from the day the Feaver began which was provoked by some other preternatural Cause viz. Evil Humors lurking within the Body or from some external Cause But if the Child-birth were hard and beside the Course of Nature and the Feaver arose after three or four daies we must reckon from the day of the Childs birth because then the whol order of the Body began to be overthrown and the Humors to be disturbed which was followed by the Feaver So in grievous wounds of the wont of the Head especially though the Feaver come not til after the fourth of fifth day yet the account is wont to be made from the day of the wound received because the Humors began then to be in a commotion and to be disposed to cause a Feaver The Cure of these Feavers differs not from the Cure of other Feavers unless in point of those great Remedies Blood-letting and Purging in the administration whereof there is no smal scruple which we shal briefly endeavor to remove As for letting of Blood in acute Diseases of women in Child-bed the disagreement of Authors is so great by reason of the contrary Indications on the one side and on the other that we can scarcely find two of the same mind We shal briefly in these following Theorems or Maxims propound that Opinion which cometh neerest the Mind of the wisest Authors and is in the course of Practice most successful An Acute Disease befals a Child-bed woman either in the beginning or in the middle or in the end of her Lying in If it happen in the beginning and the woman be plentifully purged there must be no other evacuation of blood than that which is directed by Nature when she rightly and conveniently performs her Operations But if the Child-bed Purgations are suppressed or flow sparingly let the interiot Veins be opened and take a good quantity of blood away because at that time the Child-bed Purgations of blood ought by the appointment of Nature to be plentiful If an Acute Disease happen in the middle time of her Lying In two things are to be considered The one is Whether the Morbifick matter be contained in one particular place or if it be dispersed through the Veins The second Whether the Woman hath been conveniently purged or not in regard of quantity If the Disease proceed from matter scattered abroad as in Feavers and the woman hath not been fully purged the lower Veins ought to be opened because both the Morbisick Matter wil be diminished and her Natural flux wil be provoked But if the woman have been sufficiently purged and the Disease get ground and the Natural Evacuation have not been sufficient for the Disease the inferior Veins must be opened notwithstanding and so much blood must be taken away that by two Evacuations that may be accomplished which the Disease requires according to the Doctrine of Galen in the ninth Book of his Method Chap. â— If the Feaver be very high and great heat vex the Patient let that be done which we shal presently declare which ought to be performed when the Disease ariseth of Matter driven into some corner and there putrefying In a particular Acute Disease as the Pleurisie Inflamation of the Lungs Squinzy and the like we must mark whether the Fluxion be only beginning so that the Disease is only ready to seize upon the Patient or is in its beginning and very little blood be collected in the part For then the inserior Veins are to be opened that revulsion may be made to such opposite part For then the inserior Veins are to be opened that revulsion may be made to such opposite parts as are at greatest distance from the part affected and by that means that preposterous motion of Humors may be stopped But if the fluxion be already in good measure
the fore-cited place That he cured the most of such as had this Feaver suddenly by letting them bleed til they fainted away which bleeding was attended by a loosness vomiting of Choller and plentiful Sweat Yet in these daies of ours that same large blood-letting is out of date which is not without danger seeing Galen himself relates in his Book of Curing by Phlebotomy Chap. 12. That it besel three Physitians while they were practising this large Blood-letting that instead of fainting away their Patients died out-right It is better therefore at several times to take away so much blood as the Nature of the Disease doth necessarily require Before Blood-letting if the Patient be Costive or the Guts abound with Crudities an Emollient and Laxative Clyster must be given As for the point of cold Water Galen orders it to be given in so great quantity that the Patient grow pale tremble and be cold all over and so he saies it extinguisheth the fiery heat it strengthens the solid parts and drives out unprofitable Humors by stool by urine and by sweat But he saies there must be many Cautions in the use thereof viz. That it be given in the Vigor of the Feaver the signs of Concoction appearing that the Patient have been used to drink cold Water in time of health have strong bowels and full of juyce a fleshy and wel-set Body have a constant and vigorous strength be not full of thick and clammy Humors have no tumor in any bowel nor stomach throat or sinews weak Otherwise if these conditions be wanting it is to be feared lest the Patient fall into shortness of breath Dropsie Trembling Convulsion Lethargy or some other grievous Disease This kind of Medicine is likewise grown out of date in our times seeing it is hard to observe all those conditions and so many dangers attend the undue use thereof For it is better to use other more safe Medicines which cool the whol Body and the Blood as Juleps and opening Emulsions Epithems Liniments and a Diet altogether cooling Juleps are made of the Decoction of Barley or Sorrel or Cichory or with Water of Cichory Endive Sorrel Lettice adding Syrup of Juyce of Cichory Lemmons Pomegranates Vinegar c. Whereunto also for the greater cooling and opening may be added some drops of Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur If the distilled Waters seem too crude or raw let them boyl with a little Species Triasantalon or Diamargaritum frigidum Emulsions may be made after this manner Take sweet Almonds blanched and steeped in Rose Water one ounce the four greater cool Seeds and Seeds of white Poppy of each two drams Beat them in a Marble Mortar powring on by little and little a pint and an half of Barley Water In the strained Liquor dissolve Sugar of Roses three ounces Make an Emulsion of Almond Milk for three Doses Which will be convement and is to be preferred before Juleps if there be want of Rest Epithems to be laid upon the Region of the Heart and Liver may be thus made Take Water of Roses Bugloss and Lettice of each three ounces Vinegar of Roses one ounce Pouder of the Electuary Diamargaritum frigidum one dram and an half Camphire six grains Make an Epithem lay it upon the Region of the Heart Take Water of Endive Cichory Sorrel of each four ounces Vinegar of Roses an ounce and an half the three Sanders two drams and an half Make an Epithem for the Region of the Liver A cooling Oyntment may be anointed upon the Liver and Loyns of Vinegar of Roses Vnguentum Rosatum Vnguentum Refrigerans Galeni or Ceratum Santalinum washed in Vinegar tempered with Water If the Disease seem to lengthen after bleeding we must purge lest the wheyish and Chollerick Excrements putrefie and thereby a putrid Feaver arise But we must use such Medicines as purge without heating and agitation of Humors as Cassia Manna Syrup of Roses Tamarinds Catholicon and such like Ad hereunto a convenient Diet viz. Cooling moistening and thin of Broths made with cooling Herbs Prunes and sharp Apples boyled and Panadaes Let the Patients Drink be a Decoction of Barley Water boyled and Water with Bread boyled in it or mixed with Syrups of Maiden-hair or of Pomegranates Chap. 3. Of an Hectick Feaver AN Hectick Feaver occupies the solid Parts of the Body which constitute the Habit thereof and are commonly called Spermatical or fleshy in regard of which parts it is more fixed and rooted than other Feavers which are in the Spirits or Humors For which cause it is also termed Habitual because it is become Habitual and can hardly be removed from its subject There are many Divisions of this Feaver For first of all there is a Primary Hectick which begins of it self and another Secondary which follows other Feavers Secondly an Hectick Feaver is simple and solitary or joyned with a putrid Feaver Thirdly some Hecticks begin at the Heart others from other Parts as the Lungs Liver Spleen Kidneys Womb and other Parts inflamed ulcerated corrupted or possessed with some other grievous Disease And this Feaver though it have its habitual seat in the Heart and the whol Body yet is it commonly termed Symptomatical because of its first Original which it hath from other parts Galen makes three Degrees of an Hectick Feaver The first is the very beginning of an Hectick in which the Body is hardly extenuated yet the moist Humidity of the Body is inflamed consumes and dries The second comprehends the Augment and therein is an evident extenuation of the Body the fleshy and fat substance of the Body perishing The third contains the state of the Disease and its last age for it never comes to a declination because therein viz. in that degree it is incurable for then the fibrous and membranous substance of the Body is consumed and the whol Body is so extenuated that the Face of the Patient is like that described by Hippocrates nothing but skin and bone This last Degree is called Marasmus or rather Hectica Marasmodes because in a true Marasmus cold is joyned with dryness The Causes of an Hectick Feaver are divided into an Internal and External To the External are referred what ever Causes may occasion any of the other Feavers if the Action of Heating be continual and vehement or the Patients Body be apt to entertain this kind of Feaver Such are the heat of the Sun or of the Fire vehement Exercise Meats and Drinks that are heating immoderate Evacuations as in a Loosness and bloody-flux vehement passions of Mind and finally fasting in a Chollerick Body that is hot and dry of Constitution seeing Galen affirms that those Physitians that were wont to enjoyn their Patients to fast three daies together did bring Chollerick Constitutions by that means into burning and hectick Feavers The Internal Causes are burning and pestilential Feavers which do speedily consume the moisture of the Heart also a long slack Feaver Also some peculiar Disease of any of the bowels
as an Inflamation or Ulcer or putrefaction of some Humor contained therein or finally the corruption of the Member it self which are wont to cause a lingring Feaver and an hectick Of these Infirmities peculiarly possessing some certain Members of the Body and causing an Hectick we have Examples manifest enough For as for what concerns Inslamations Galen saith he saw a woman that by reason of an Inflamation in her Midrif fel into an Hectick Feaver And we dayly observe in the Consumption of the Lungs or Phthisis a complicated Hectick Feaver The putrefaction of Humors contained in some bowel fals out in great obstructions or cold swellings The corruption of some Member is often seen in the Lungs somtimes in the Liver in such men as are given to Wine and who use much hot Spices for a certain filthy corrupt blood is bred in their Liver by which the substance thereof is corupted Fernelius saies he somtimes met with this kind of Feaver and that it is a sign thereof when the Patients extreamly covet Wine but abominate all kind of Flesh A Simple Hectick Feaver is known because it is continual without any â—its allwaies alike neither encreasing nor decreasing save that it is somwhat augmented an hour two or three after Meat The heat under the short Ribs is at first laying on the hand mild afterward sharp biting and dry The Pulse is little frequent and quick the sick perceive not any Feaver they are lazy and loath to stir and when they stir it is with Pain because their strength is in a languishing condition Their arteries are hotter than the Parts circumjacent which may be preceived by the touch after the Patient hath washed in cold Water The Urin is like that of one in health both in point of color and sediment In the progress of the Disease Oyly substance Swims on the top and the sediment is like to Meal which is sign that the substance of the Body doth melt More particularly we may know not only the several degrees of an hectick but foresee it before it comes after this manner An hectick Feaver at hand is known if the causes have preceded viz. if there have been a burning Feaver in a body naturally hot dry and of a thin contexture in an hot season of weather it is to be Feared the Patient wil fal into an hectick and such remedies as may prevent the same are to be used The first degree of an Hectick Feaver if it be Joyned with a putrid Feaver is very hardly known if it be alone not very easily In the first day there are al the signes of Febris Ephemera In the second the dryness is augmented not the heat On the third day it repeats not it is not evidently augmented nor diminished And at length one hour or two after Meat the Heat seems somwhat encreased In the second degree the Patient perceives no Feaverishness only some alterations after Meals There is a manifest dryness a smaller and swifter Pulse with a certain hardness The signs of the third degree are most manifest the Eyes are hollow dry and have dry excrements in them the bones evidently stick out the lively colour of the Face is extinguished the whol Skin is dry the Midrif vehemently contracted so that the Patients seem to have no Guts Their Pulse is perceived under the stomach in all extenuated persons And because a putrid Feaver is many times coupled with an Hectick they are both exactly to be distinguished because it is of great moment in regard of the Cure which in this case is very much differing Now this coupling may be known by Comparing the signs of an Hectick propounded with the signs of a putrid Feaver which shall be hereafter described in their proper place The first degree of an Hectick Feaver is easily Cured the third is incurable the second is of a middle Nature and look how much the nearer it approaches to the first or third by so much is it easier or harder to be Cured An Hectick Feaver happens most commonly from the eighteenth yeer to the thirty five for in that Age the Heat is most intense and soonest consumes the Body But they who before this Age or a little after are taken with an Hectick Feaver do more easily escape and are somtimes Cured perfectly or by a palliative Cure their life is protracted a long time especially if they be Women For the Cure of this Disease we must first consider whether it depend upon any Diseaseof some particular Part or not for then the Cure must be directed to that Disease as also if it be single or combined or complicated with a putrid Feaver And in this case the putrid Feaver is first to be Cured by Bleeding Purging and by Opening Medicaments and such as hinder putrefaction the Hectick Feaver in the mean while not being neglected But if the Hectick Feaver be single and alone the Cure must be effected only with cooling moistening and restaurative things the matter of must be taken from Diet and Medicine Diet here as in all Chronick Diseases can do much nay in this Disease it can do more than all Medicines Therefore the Patients Diet must be by the Physitian exactly ordered viz. That it may be directed so as to cool and moisten the whol Body If therefore the Air where the Patient is be moderately cold or temperate let him use the same if not let it be corrected so as that it may cline to cold and moist For this Reason Galen in the 10. of his Method Chap. 8. in the Summer when the Air is hot orders the sick to abide in a Room under the Ground that is very cold and blown through with the Wind open towards the North. By which Remedy alone we have seen a man extreamely consumed restored within a month Again the heat of the Air in the Patients Chamber must be altered by cold Water being powred out of one vessel into another by the very noise whereof Sleepis caused also by moistening the Pavement often with cold Water Sprinckled thereupon or by cooling Hearbs oftentimes fresh strowed therein and by forbidding any number of people to come in which among other things doth likewise heat the Chamber And Galen gives order that when the Air is coldest it should be received by the sick namly by drawing it in by the mouth because it exceedingly cools the heat of the heart but it is not good for the Body of the sick least it stop the pores of the Skin and hinder the breathing forth of excrements But Galen affirmes that the breathing in of the cool Air doth the Patients more good than they can receive hurt by the stopping of their pores if that should happen but that may be hindered by warm cloathing of the Body Yet it is to be observed that if the Hectick Feaver ariâ—e from an Ulcer in the Lungs that the cold Air is not good in that respect but rather temperate a little inclining to heat and dry For
little but the malignant quality intense and then the Feaver in regard of putrefaction shews no such bad symptoms seems remiss yet the strength of the patient is more than ordinarily weakned For somtimes the putrefaction is so remiss that it is in a manner none at all but the malignant quality in a very high degree and then we have a Feaver which seems neither to the Patient nor by standers any thing troublesom but it seems at first sight mild as mild can be when as indeed and intruth it is very mortall for when the malignant qualitie is increased the patients strength is dejected and the Heart wholly overwhelmed and this kind of Feaver doth not only deceive the Patients and by-standers but somtimes the Physitians themselves are thereby cheated whiles there being no sign present either by crudity or pravity of Humors the Pulse being in a manner in it's natural state and the heat of the Body at first appearance seeming mild and gentle it leads unto destruction Som such thing is likewise wont to happen in the first difference viz. When it is joyned with the highest degree of malignity for putrefaction being by convenient medicaments subdued and the signes of recovery appearing death notwithstanding somtimes ensues by reason the malignant quality did remaine uncorrected And finally the differences of a Pestilent Feaver are taken from its adjuncts and they are very many and most evident for there is no evil symptom nor kind of deadly disease which is not somtimes joyned with this Feaver The symptomes are Head-ach Watchings Raveings Dead sleepes Thirst Stomach-Sickness and Vomiting want of Appetite Swooning Fainting Hiccoughing Unquietness Loosness Sweats and such like which are common also to other kind of Feavers But there is one Symptom proper and peculiar to a pestilential Feaver which doth not happen in other Feavers viz. Purple Specks or Spots on the whol Body but especially in the Loyns the breast and back like unto Flea-bitings for the most part which the Italian Physitians name Peticulae or Petechiae and these Feavers which have these Symptoms are commonly named Purpuratae or Petechialis Purple or Spotted Feavers For these Purple Spots do not appear in all Pestilential Feavers but when they appear they are a most certain Sign of a pestilential Feaver Now we call them Purple Spots because they are for the most part of a Purple colour Yet they are many times of a violet colour Green blewish or black and then they are far worse and do signifie greater Malignity And although these Spots are for the most part like Flea-biâ—ings yet they appear somwhat greater So as to represent those black and blew marks which remain after whipping and then they are worse And somtimes they are very large and possess whol Members and a great part of the body viz. the Arms Thighs and back and then the parts appear tainted with redness which in few hours oftentimes vanisheth away and then returns again as it were by Fits whilst the Feaver undergoes it's Fits or Exacerbations wherein the blood boiling doth send forth it 's thinner Exhalations to the surface of the Skin by which the Skin is not swelled but only infected with a red Color Oftentimes notwithstanding by these Ebullitions the Skin is in divers parts puffed up with a certain redness and makes certain broad and soft tumors in the Skin which in a few hours vanish away and are commonly called Ebullitions of the blood In these and the aforesaid there is alwaies some Malignity but so light that it threatens no danger unless in the progress of the Disease it prove more intense Now the Spots aforesaid like to Flea-bitings do differ from those Pushes which are wont also somtimes to appear in these Feavers and are mentioned by Hippocrates in Epidemiis which have an Head and are a kind of Tumors which come somtimes to Suppuration or Exulceration But the Purple Spots have as was said no eminence or Head and were unknown to the Antients being described only by later Physitians of after Ages As to those Diseases which are joyned to a Pestilential Feaver we may affirm what hath been said of the Sym ptoms viz. that many deadly Diseases are joyned with these Feavers namely Phrensies Squâ— iâ—es Pleurisies Inflamations of the Lungs Inflamations of the Liver bloody Fluxes and very many more But the chief Diseases which shew themselves in a Pestilential Feaver are two viz. a Pestilent Bubo and a Carbuncle which declare the venemous quality to be in the highest degree and are not found but in the true Pestilence and are wont commonly to accompany the same So that the common People call them by the very name of the Pestilence The Causes of Pestilential Feavers are some Internal others External and the Internal are some Immediate others Mediate The Immediate Cause of this Disease as we hinted before is a corruption of the Humors joyned with putrefaction From the Corruption they acquire an evil and venemous Quality and from Putrefaction the Feaver is bred The Mediate Causes are a Plethory Cacochymie and Obstructions Now we understand such a Plethory or fulness of Blood not as distends the Vessels but such at least as the strength of the Patient cannot master which not being regulated by Nature doth easily undergo Corruption and Putrefaction Now a Cacochymie or abundance of evil Humors is easily corrupted and putrefied Finally Obstructions are apt to breed all kind of Feavers forasmuch as Humors being close shut up in an hot and moist place wanting free transpiration do casily putrefie The Internal Mediate Causes are by Authors commonly called Morbosus Apparatus a sickly Disposition of Body and the efficacy thereof is so great that it alone is somtimes sufficient to produce a gentle Pestilential Feaver such as is commonly called a Malignant Feaver simply or a Purple Feaver without the Intervention of any External or common Cause For we oft-times see when the year is not Pestilential and there is no Epidemical sickness abroad some persons through the evil Condition of their Humors fall into such Feavers which are accompanied with many Symptoms of Malignancy yea and with other Purple spots Concerning the point of Obstruction we must observe that it doth necessarily concur as the principal Cause in Malignant Feavers which proceed from Internal Causes and are not Epidemical but that Epidemical Feavers which proceed from a common Cause viz. A Pestilent constitution of the Air or are gotten by Contagion have not necessarily any Obstructions for their Cause For the venemous quality is received only by breathing in the corrupt Air or only by Infection from others by which venemous Quality the Humors of the Body declining from their own proper Nature do of their own accord putrefie For even as Fruits that will not keep and other things apâ— to corrupt though they have never so much freedom of the Air yet cannot be preserved from Corruption Even so the Humors when they have conceived that pernitious Quality
are apt to Corrup-tion so that though there be no Obstruction present they necessarily fall into a Putrefaction and a Feaver Howbeit Putrefaction being by this means brought into the Humors when Nature doth no longer rule them they are wont for the most part to breed Obstructions whereby the Feaver is augmented so that in these Feavers Obstructions may Concur which though in the beginning they were not the Cause of the Feaver yet do they follow the same being cherished by the Causes of the Feaver and being infected with Pestilential Venom The External Causes of Pestilential Feavers are the six Non-natural things which as they are necessary so do they necessarily alter our bodies and when they are far departed from their Natural condition they breed in us Malignant and venemous Qualities Among these the Air holds the chief place which as it is a most common Cause so Diseases that are common doth for the most part proceed from some fault thereof Now the Air becomes vitious and hurtful to men for the most part by a threefold means First If it be not blown through with wholsom Winds Secondly If it be polluted with the Infection of putrid and stinking Exhalations Thirdly If by an excess or preposterous condition of the first Qualities it doth so alter Men that thereby evil and malignant putrefactions of the Humors be ingendred The first is evident enough For if the Air be not blown through and stirred with Winds it is easily corrupted Whence Hippocrates in the 3. Epidem Describing a most grievous Pestilential constitution saith This year had no Winds And the Second is most effectual and frequent viz. When Putrid Filthy and malignant vapors are mingled with the Air and do infect the same which is wont to arise from divers things viz. Lakes Pooles Fiâ—h-ponds and other quiet and still Waters or such as are full of mud or wherein Flax or Hemp have been steeped Or from the stink of Privies Dung-hils and nasty Allies Or from the unburied bodies of such as have bin slain in battle Or out of Dens or Caves or Caves wherein the Air having been longshut up hath gained a filthy putrefaction being opened by an Earth-quake or some other â—asualtie But the third Reason which consists in the Excess Inequality or Preposterous condition of the first Qualities may happen divers waies and especially when there is a great excess of Heat and moisture For those Qualities when they are extranious and adventitious and encreased above their Natural condition they are the principles of putrefactions Hence a Southern Wind lasting long in the Seasons of the year according to Hippocrates in Epidem was the principal cause of all Pestilential Feavers there described But a dry Constitution of the Air though in the Opinion of Hippocrates it 's more wholsom than a moist yet because excess of Qualities is hurtful to our Nature certain it is that a very dry Constitution of the Air more than ordinary doth produce Pestilential Feavers especially if it be joyned with Excessive Heat A cleer example wherof we have in Livy in the first Book of his History Decad. 4. viz. How by over great dryness a Pestilence happened at Rome because there had been little or no Rain that year neither was there scarcity of Water from Heaven alone but the Earth was scarce able to continue her Springs Now this dry Constitution doth therefore Cause the Pestilence because the Humors being above measure burnt dried up degenerate into the Matter of Biles Carbuncles and consequently of a Pestilential Feaver and being very much thickned they produce grievous Obstructions wherby in a matter otherwise wel disposed therunto Malignant putrefaction is easily bred Add hereunto That this immoderate driâ—ess of the air doth corrupt the Corn hindring it from attaining its due maturity For it brings the Corn sooner out of the Earth and it gives it at first plentiful nourishment and afterward Scanty whereby the Corn is unequally digested being Burnt without but within quiâ—e Raw like Flesh scorched with an over violent Fire and so it proves a Cause of indigestion and divers Crudities It is proved also from Hippocrates That immoderate Cold doth produce a Pestilence 1. Epidem Sect. 5. tempest 1. where he saith In the Country of Thasus a little before the appearance of Arcturus a Star or Constellation and whilst He appears the North Wind blowing there are many and great Rains In which places he fetches the Cause of a Pestilential Season from over great Coldness Also we may read in Livy Lib. 5. Decad. 1. That a Pestilential Season was caused by vehement Cold in these Words The year was remarkable for a Cold and Snowy Winter so that the Wayes were stopped up and the River Tyber was unnavigable So sad a Winter was followed by a grievous and Pestilential Summer Mortal to all kind of Living-Creatures whether iâ— were occasioned by the sudden change of the Air from one extream to another or by some other means And the reason of this Accident is at hand viz. That by reason the Pores of the Skin are closed up by the extream Cold so that the vapors cannot steem forth so as naturally they should there follows the greater putrefaction and more grievous poison whereupon follows more dangerous feavers than in the Summer in which the condition of the air although in some sort it gives beginning to the Disease yet doth it make the pores and passages wider Through which that which putrified does exhale and the natural and preternatural evaporations doe readily breath out Inequality of the Season is wont also to be the Cause of this kind of Feavers viz. when it is sometimes Hot sometimes Cold sometimes wet sometimes dry in a short time or when these various seasons doe endure longer one after another As when after long vehement Hot weathâ—â— a freezing cold claps in or after long rains an extream drought steales upon us or contrarywise Or when after a preposterous fashion it is hot in Winter and cold in Summer Now these inequalities of Seasons may help the production of Pestilential Feavers because in them the humors are exceedingly disturbed by which means they arrive unto an evill condition far from their natural stare and fit to produce malignant Diseases especially in those bodies which during the Course of the Seasons aforesaid by disorderly Course of Diet and liveing have contracted either a Plethory a Cacochymy or some notable obstructions To this kind of Causes may be added the malignant Influence of the Constellations which by changeing the Ayr are wont diversly to affect the Bodies of Liveing Creatures Such they say are the Conjunction of the superior Planets Saturu Jupiter and Mars in humane Signes such as Virgo and Gemini and especially when Mars is Lord. Which do bring Diseases in otherwise they by change of the Ayr so far as to corrupt the Nature and substance thereof And that change is wrought two waies and is by the manifest qualities as when
an even balance out of which diversity of influences notwithstanding it could hardly come to pass but that som parcel of things so different should sometiems suffer not in any whol kind oâ— sort which should tend to the destruction of the universe but only in some individuals that were less able to resist and for the most part misaffecred and only in some part of the Air more disposed to receive malignant influences From whence we may conclude that those corruptions doe chiefly depend upon the defect of sublunary bodies forasmuch as many places are in the world where the air is so perfectly constituted and the inhabitants â—o evenly tempered that let never so malignant Influences of Starrs showâ— upon them yet are they never infected whith other pestilence To the same kind of Causes must we refer the Defects and Eclipses of Sun and Moon unusual Meteors and especially Blazing Stars which are never wont to appear but that Epidemical and Pestilential Sicknesses and Divers changes in the World do follow as is Consirmed by the experiments of many Histories whence that usually Cited verse of Claudian is become as a Proverb In Caelo nunquam Spectatum impune Cometam A blazing Star does not appear But some Beholders plagued are A most evident witnes whereof was that hairy Comet which appeared Anno 1618. Towards the East on the 27 of November and was afterwards seen near upon the whol Moneth of December moving and shining It 's thicker and more solid part being turned towards the Sun did behold the East and did far exceed Venus both in the clearnes of its shining and in its largnes thickly compacted and conglobated together The remaining part being more thin and less enlightened by the Sun because of its thinnes did move like fairly spred beard and stretched towards the West This Comet first appeared under the sign of Libra nere the Aequinoctial Line but by a private and peculiar motion of its own it was carryed from thence through the feet of Virgo the middle of Bootes and the tail of the greater Bear And at length its light decreasing by little and little and the matter whereof it consisted being dissipated it vanished betwen the great Bear and the Dragon It was carried with the common motion of the Stars from East to West but it seemed to be moved som what swifter than the Stars for in the first Daies of its Apparition it was wont to rise a little before five in the morning and afterwards it rose about four a Clock and before four and so sooner and sooner till it prevented the Midnight and Bed-time And we have reason to believe that this Comet was the Prognostick and sorerunner of malignant and pestilential Diseases and also of those Wars wherewith whole Europe in a manner hath since that time been laid Wast And although the Air be chief among the mediate Causes of malignant and pestilential Feavers yet sure enough other non-natural things do concur to their generation as I shall particularly and berifly declare The next to air are Aliments because bad Diet Causth a sickly disposition of the body which is an internal efficient and Causasine qua non or malignant and Pestilential Feavers Whereupon Galen in his Book De Cibis boni et mali Succi and in the 1. de Differ Feb. Chap. 3. Does demonstrate that from bad and corrupt Diet Pestilential Diseases do arise Now meats are said to be evil and the Causes of those diseases in many respects And in the first place when the Fruits of the Earth and of Trees by reason of a bad constitution of the year viz. Over moist or over dry or corrupted by mists or some tempestuous weather or some malignant influence of the stars do being eaten produce bad Juices in the body Secondly when there is great Famine and scarcity of Corn From whence came that Proverb Ho loimos meta limon the Plague follows famine For then the poor common People are forced to fill their bellies with such meats as are cheap and bad whence arises abundance of bad Humors And which is much worse when a plenty presently followes famine they do then suddenly cram themselves with much meat which by the languishing heat of their internal parts cannot be well digested and thereupon those meats come to participate of a malignant putrefaction Thirdly VVhen Aliments which in their own Nature are good do by some way or other gain putrefaction or some evil qualitie such are wheat barly beans and pease and other kind of grain which being either overlong kept or ill laid up in a moist place or otherwise misaffected do come to be musty or have some other putrefactive qualitie Such is flesh over long kept or stinking or such as is of beasts that were not killed but died of some disease as Julius Obsequens relates that in the Isle called Lipara when the Sea was made hot the fires which by meanes of an Earth-quake were forcibly vomited out of the Mount Aetina and had boiled the Fishes casting them upon the shoâ—â—â— the Inhabitants eating greedily of those Fishes a sore Pestilence followed Neither is there less power in drinks when putrid and corrupted wines or beer or other liquors are drunk or when water is drunk out of putrid and muddy Lakes or otherwaies infected As good Histories do â—â—stiâ—ie that numerous Armies have been destroied by pestilential Diseases with drinking such waters These non-natural things mentioned viz. Ayr and Meates and drinks have the greatest force to engender malignant Feavers but the four remaining viz. things voided or retained Motion and Rest Sleep and waking with Pamons of the Mind are of less efficacy and do only concur as adjuvaut Causes or such as dispose the body to conceive a malignant pucrefaction as in our exposition of them shal preâ—ently appâ—ar The â—â—tention of Courses in women or of some other accustomed evacuation Men as of the Hemorrhoides bleeâ—â—ing at nose and Loosenes which betides some persons at certain seasons when they happen in a pestilential year they are wont to produce a malignant disease For those things which are wont to be avoided as superfluous and burdensome to Nature if they be retained in the body they do easily conceive putrefaction so likewise over great evacuations either of blood or other humors do much weaken the Body and do Cause that Natural Heat being weakned it is soon infected by the vitious and pestilential impurities of the Air. As for motion and rest certain it is that overmuch Idleness is a Cause that Natural heat is not sufficiently eâ—entilated and consequently the Humors conceive putrefaction so over great exercise does very much open the pores and dissolves the Heat whereupon the body becoming weak and more apt to take impression does easily receive the Infection And too much sleep makes many Excrements and fils the body with Humidities which easily putrefie but too much watching does engender Crudities and they easily putresie because Natural Heat cannot wel
master them and because by them many obstructions are caused by which Transpiration is prohibited and at length putrefaction engendred And finaly passions of the Mind are wont vehemently to exagitate the body and to disturb the humors and so they much Dispose the body to receive infection and especially fear and Sadnes which Drawing the vital Spirits inward do as it were choak and smother them whereby the vigor of the Heart is so broken that it cannot sufficienly resist the venom and first assaults of pestilential Sicknesses yea verily and the Humors being stirred in the veines and vehemently disturbed are thrust out of their Natural constitution and do conceive a malignant putrefaction Insomuch that some have conceived that Pestilential Diseases are bred in Camps and at Sieges of Towns not so much through bad Diet and stink of dead Carcases as through Terror Fear Anxiety and dread of Death which do exagitate the Humors and put them into a tumultuary Combustion and Fluctuation The Signs of a pestilential Feaver do some of them foretel the disease when it is coming others declare it to be present and others witnes where it has bin All which must be set down because the first tend to Preservation the second to Cure and the third sort to be a Caveat to such as are not yet infected The Signs which foreshow a pestilential Feaver are taken from three things viz. From the the Disposition of the Body from the Presence of Causes and from some intermediate dispositions Those bodies are disposed to receive pestilential Infection which have collected evil Juyces through bad diet and by a preposterous use of the six non-natural things aforesaid Or such as being plethorick do gorge themselves and inordinately and unseasonably replenish themselves Furthermore some that are neither plethorick nor cacochymical do dispose their bodies to the reception of this disease while they torment their minds with most troublesome passions or give themselves immoderately to carnal embracements for from these two Causes the pestilential feaver is very ordinarily produced forasmuch as by them corruption is easily introduced even amâ—ngst good humors for Passions of the Mind do distract and draw away the spirits from their proper operations and overmuch Carnal embracement does weaken al the powers of the body but the Spirits being distracted and the vertues weakened the Humorrs change their Nature and grow corrupt Finally those whose principal Members are weak or some waies tainted either from the womb or by bad diet or any other external Cause which have an hot and moist temperature which have a very thin or very compacted habit of body are al disposed to pestilential Feavers for hot and moist bodies are subject to putrefaction thin bodies are liable to al 〈◊〉 compacted constitutions have no free transpiration The presence of such Causes as can breed a pestilential feaver do portend the same and consequently il seasons and unnatural temper of the year Dearth and Scarcity of Victuals Wars and other Causes reckoned up before when they appear they declare the Plague to â—â— approaching Those intermediate dispositions are when such a disposition oâ— body and the Causes aforesaid being present wee see a Man more â—ad than ordinary an unexplicable fear in him without good ground or cause the Colour of the face changed is not rightly disposed in point of die is disturbed with bad dreames infested with wearines which comes without labor thirst watchings stomachsickneâ— it is easily conjectured that man wil have the Pesttilence for al there thing do declare that the humors do attain another nature and do corrupt from whence comes a pestilential Feaver Such Signs as declare the Pestilence to be present are exactly to be propounded and therefore al the Heads of Signs must be run over out of which this Disease may be known which Heads of signs are taken from the three kinds of symptomes because the symptomes are the Effects of Diseases and Causes can no way so conveniently be known as by their effects And therefore some signes are taken from the Actions hurt some from Excrements voided and others from qualites changed Unto which Heads a fourth must be added taken from supervenient Infirmites To the right understanding of which these things following must be premised Frist we must know that the same signs in a manner doe shew a pestilental Feaver properly so called and a Feaver simply malignant and that the signes of the one and the other doe differ only according to more and leâ—s so that in the pestilential Feaver the symptoms are more and in the malignant Feaver less cruel yet there are some adjuncts more proper to the one than the other which we shall declare in their proper place Secondly we must note that there is no true proper and Pathognomonick sign of these Feavers viz. Such an one as wherever that signe is there is the pestilence and where that sign is not there is no pestilence no not the Bubo or swelling in the Groyn nor the Carbuncle seeing that many have them not though they have the plague and many have Buboes and Carbuncles that have no malignitie in them neither are those purple spots any such pathognomonick sign although a malignant Feaver is from them termed the spotted Feaver forasmuch as many have a malignant Feaver without any such spots those spots doe sometimes appear on women that want their courses and in some Children by reason of a light ebullition of â—lood without any Feaver which I have often seen in both Howbeit by a Concurrency and collection of all signes and tokens these Feavers may certainly be known Thirdly we must mark that al the signs which shall be propounded are not found in al sick persons of these Feavers but only a part of them which notwithstanding will be sufficient punctually to discover the kind of the disease For according to the variety of patients bodies the intention or remisnes of the disease now these kind of symptomes anon those do chiefly shew themselves Finally it must be known that the signs of a pestilential and malignant Feaver although they are also found in other Feavers yet are made in some sort pathognomonick in this Feaver in a two-fold respect First because in these Feavers they are so conditioned as in other Feavers they are not For the Head-ach Ilness at Stomach Vomiting the manner of the Heat and other signs when they accompanie pestilential Feavers they have a peculiar malignant condition whereby they differ from themselves when they accompanie other ordinarie Feavers which is wel known to them that are but indifferently exercised in the Practice of Physick Secondly because the symptomes do not observe the same proportion among themselves in these Feavers which they doe in ordinarie ones So that the heat being gentle to the touch the pulse not much changed doe shew a smal Feaver yet with them is joyned mighty Head-ach watchings and somtimes raveings and other symptoms which are wont to accompanie a
burning Feaver These things being thus premised we shal decribe the order of signs beginning from the actions hindered Because therefore the Heart is cheifly afflicted in these diseases by the malignant and venemous quality thereof therefore its action viz. The Pulse is diversly changed according to the varietie of times and the divers condition of the diseasâ— For somtimes at the first it is in a manner natural and very like the pulse of persons in health as Galen shews in the 3 de presag cap. 4. but in the progress and augmentation of the disease it is little weak and unequall Also the frequentness of the pulse is alwayes more than the increas of heat can require because the Heart being provoked by the malignant qualitie doth in that regard disturb it self more than the necessity of eventilation doth require Likewise the signs of this Feaver are Cardialgia Heart burning or pain of the mouth of the stomach which Hippocrates condemns as a sign of malignity 1. Progn in these words Pam of the mouth of the stomach with distention of the Hypochondria and Head-ach are signs of malignity Somtimes great thirst exceeding the measure of the Patients heat and somtimes want of thirst with a vehement Feaver and dryness of the Tongue for both are signs of malignity Great want of appetite which make many abhor al kinds of meat as much as if they were the most loathsom medicines Now this is wont to arise from malignant vapors which vex the stomach Stomach Sickness and vomiting arising from the same Cause especially when it happens in the beginning of the disease and is so divers that some presently vomit what they eat other vomits as soon as they have taken broath but they vomit not the broath which they took but divers kinds of Humors some keep any kind of meat but vomit their Drinks Iuleps Emulsions and whatever drinking matter is given them presently great thirst notwithstanding remaining with dryness and blacknes of the tongue A frequent and inordinate shivering which comes divers times in a day springing from sharp and biting exhalations of an adverse qualitie to our natures which are carried unto the sensitive parts which kind of shivering does rarely happen in other putred Feavers because the vapors in them have not the like malignitie In malignant intermitting tertians somtimes a sign of malignitie is taken from the shaking and the cold For it somtimes happens that in the beginning of the fit with a light coldness or shivering the heat doth so much retire inwards that the flesh of the patient is very cold and the face is like that of a dead person and the pulse so little as if it did not beat at al. After which follows an Heat which neither in the Augment nor in the state doth to the touch feel great or sharp yea and the flesh of the patient is either lukewarm to feel to or coldish even to the declâ—nation The pulse when the heat comes doth more appear yet it is small unequal frequent and very weak and many other symptomes of a pestilential Feaver are present which may sufficiently prove that there are intermitting malignant Feavers as well as continual as was hinted before Wearyness of the whol bodie Heaviness and a breaking as it were of the members appear in the beginning of the disease by reason of the foresaid vapors dispersed through the whol Body Paines of the Head Watchings and Raveings which al come from the same causes viz. from sharp and venemous vapors which when they lodg themselves in the membranes of the Brain they cause head-ach and in as much as they heat and dry the very substance of the brain if the alteration be but small they cause watchings if great they cause ravings And to these symptomes besides Heat and Dryness the venemous quality contributes much because in the vulgar Feavers such symptoms do not happen unless the distemper be much more than ordinarie And paines in this Feaver have a peculiar property to be very diverse to shift places For somtimes only the fore part of the head otherwhiles the hinder part now the forehead anon the eyebrowes are cuâ—aâ—under as it were with pam and sometimes other parts as the shoulder-blades the sides the back c. Somtimes it is fixed in one part otherwhiles it changeth place and vexes now this now that part of the body In some patients drousie and sleepie dispositions happen viz. In such as have their brains ful of flegmatick excrements which flegmatick excrements are desolved by hot vapors ascending from the inferior parts and doe hinder the functions of the Brain The urin in these pestilential Feavers is sometimes like the urin of sound persons namely when the humors doe more offend through a malignant Qualitie than by putrefaction somtimes it continues so for the first days afterwards it becomes thick troubled Somtimes in the state of the disease it appears concoct though the sick are in a perishing condition sometimes it is thin and crude haveing no sediment or such a sediment as is more like an excrement than a sediment But most commonly it appears thick and troubled and of an high colour and hath a thick red distrubed and scattered sediment And finaly al evil dispositions of urines doe happen in this disease according to the divers alterations of the putresieing and corrupted Humors Chollerick fluxes of the belly which either comes of themselves or through some like occasions by some gentle Clyster or medicament which bring many to their end So Hippocrates relates in 3. Epidem In a pestilential Constitution there described that many died of the loosness and Bloody-flux For the Humors being made more furious by the malignant qualitie which is in them doe exceedingly provoke Nature so that she indeavors to drive them out the neerest way Now in these Stooles there is wont to be a mighty stink by reason of the extream corruption of the humors An abundance of Worms is wont to be avoided in this disease especially at the beginning For the great Putrefaction doth very much dispose the Humors to breed Worms Frequent sweates small short and unprofitable doe break forth in the beginning of the disease The Heat is mild and gentle to feel to so that they searse seem to have a Feaver whereupon Galen 9. Simp. cap. de Bolo Armen Avic fen 4. lib. 1. cap de febre pestilenti Doe teach that pestilential Feavers have ofâ—times a mild and gentle Heat and the reason is because these diseases are rather caused by a malignant and venemous quality than of an ordinarie distemper and Pucrefaction Readness of the eyes isoften seen in pestilential Feavers because the membranes of the Brain are in a sort inflamed by sharp vapors ascending into the head which they easily communicate to the Tunica adnata or skin of the eyes so called which is propagated from the said membranes Finally purple spots like Flea-bitings called by later Physitians Peticulos or Petechiae are the proper
Neither must we therefore beleeve that Critical Sweats doth never any good in these Feavers For by how much less Venom there is in the Disease they do so much the more good as it happens in ordinary Feavers And we find by Observation that 't is far the better for the Patients to Sweat often at the beginning of the Disease provided they be not worse after their Sweats for 't is a sign that Nature doth attenuate the Matter by little and little and expel the same by Sweat Loosness of the Belly is a very uncertain sign For oftentimes a Loosness at the beginning of the Disease hath been good which yet experience shews is somtimes a deadly token Again after some Coction we have seen the Patient killed by a loosness and somtimes by the same recovered Yet we must thus distinguish When a venemous Quality hath the mastery the more the Matter goes away by Stool at the beginning of the Disease the less danger But when the Disease arises most part from putrefaction of the Humors they are worse that are loose at the beginning of the Disease Purple spots when they are many and large and of a benign color and break out Critically they foretel that Nature wil Conquer But if they be few smal of a bad color and are Symptomatically put forth they signifie that Nature is never worsted And further If they go in again it s the worst sign of all for it shews that the morbific Matters reflux into the inward parts Exanthemata or wheels appearing in divers parts of the Body are effects of greater malignity than Purple Spots and consequently portend greater danger Carbuncles and Buboes or risings in the Groin and some other parts doth witness greatest malignity and threaten most danger seeing they are wont to follow those Feavers whose peculiar Character it is that more die of them than recover Carbuncles Buboes by how much they are the further from the Heart grow faster and come quicker to ripen by so much the less dangerous are they But if Tumors encrease suddenly with bad Symptoms 't is ill Carbuncles very great of a filthy color with an eating Ulcer or which turn into a Grangrene are deadly as also those which are neer the Heart or rise upon the Throat Experience hath taught that many Carbuncles are more dangerous than few and contrarily many Buboes or other risings are more safe than few Perotides or risings behind the Ears in malignant and Purple Feavers are in the Augment and state deadly But if they appear when the Disease doth never so little decline and come to Suppuration they are a good token The Cure of a Pestilential Feaver is divided into two parts The first contains the preservation of those that have it not the second contains the healing of those that have it The preservation from the Pest consists chiefly in taking away of those Causes which make Bodies fit to receive the Pestilence and breed it in them And they are Internal or External the Internal are a Disposition of the Body apt thereto a Plethorie a Cachochimy and Obstructions The External are especially a vitiated Air and a wandring Contagion Bodies disposed to this Disease are such as either Naturally or Accidently are more moist than they ought to be Weak lax and rare dense and compact Moist bodies must be dryed drie must be preserved in that temper the former must avoid full diet much drinking and all moist nourishments such as are especially Fruits that wil not keep Hearbs Fishes Meats made of milk the South air such as comes from lakes and especially the air of the night Idlenes long Sleep especially Sleeping after dinners Batheings and whatever else can moisten the Body Let weak bodies be strengthened with a restorative diet and with strengthening medicaments Those of a rare lax and thin constitution need the same waies of prevention with the moist But the dense and compacted constitution because it is most of al disposed to a pestileâ—â—ial disease must more carefully be freed from a plethorie Cacochymie and from obstruction which causes seeing in all bodies they may breed this kind of Feaver as internall causes we mâ—st perpetually studie their removal A Plethory requires Phlebotimy provided nothing do advise the contrary as a very cold or hot season of the year and a pestilential Constitution of the Ayr in which a vein must not be opened unless a Plethora ad vasa do manifestly urge the same or some usual evacuations of blood by courses hemorrhoids or nose-bleeding have been stopped For the blood being exhaust the air which is breathed in will more easily imprint it's pestilential qualitie and in case the disease happen the Patient will the hardlier escape for being weakened by blood-leting even as they who drink poison after blood letting it penetrates the more and they are with more difficulty recovered Also when we fear poyson we let not the patient blood so Galen Lib. 7. de diff Feb. Cap. 4. Where he propoundes a preservation from a pestilential Feaver he prescribes indeed Purgation and opening of obstructions but he makes no mention of Phlebotomy To Cacochymy we must oppose purgeing such as is proper for the bumors offending convenient preparation being premised if it seem necessary with this caution that benign medicaments be only used abstaining from such as have a malignant and deadly qualitie with which it will be good to mix some Bezoarticks and such things as are Alexipharmical Obstructions are caused by the multitude of humors their thickness and clamminess The multitude will be helped by such urin as evacuates the thickness by such as attenuate the cla mminess by things that are abstersive or clensing In respect of externall causes Precaution must be made first by correcting the excesses of the air viz. By cooling that which is too hot as we taught in continual Feavers by drying that which is over moist with sires both in streets in private houses and that as much as may be made with sweet woods as Juniper Bayes Rosemary and such like Secondly by removing al the causes above recited which do infect the air Thirdly by consuming and dissipating the infections in the air which may be don by kindeling of fires as was said in correcting the moisture of the air and the perfumes of sweet smelling and Alexipharmical materials Also by vehement agitation of the ayr to which end the frequent discharging of great Guns will be very effectuall But if the ayr shal be very much infected so as therefrom a Feaver truly pestilential shal arise the best kind of preservative is to change the air and they that are forced to continue or to converse in places infected and among the sick have need of many other cautions and they must often use Antidotes All which are at large set down by such Authors as have treated expresly of the Plague and from thence the reader must fetch them because my design is but briefly to touch such things
work and puresie it clenses both it self and the Vessel Now this working doth commonly happen to Children howbeit somtimes to those that are elder and have attained Mans estate because it is evermore set on work by some external Cause such as is especially a certain disposition of ayr proportionable to this disease whence it comes to pass that somtimes the smal Pocks somtimes the Measles are rise because the Ayr is somtimes enclined to the one and somtimes to the other Neither can those impurites of the Mothers blood infect her and cause in her the same diseases althought Hippocrates saies in his Book de Natura Pueri that there are three parts of the blood one most pure with which the Child is nourished another impure wherewith the Mother is nourished and another most impurer which is kept in the Veins of the Womb the whol time of Going with Child and after the Birth is purged away in the Child-bed purgations For first seeing the Mother hath parts more hard and solid they do not so soon take impresion as the tender and soft body of the Child Again that most impure part of the blood which is kept in the Veins of the womb and of the After-birth the whol time of belly-bearing doth infect the blood in the passage which is carryed through those parts to Nourish the Child whence the Child contracts and evil quality which in its time is the Cause of that ebullition in the blood of the Child But that impurest part of the blood remaining in the foresaid places doth not infect the body of the Mother Furthermore it s not to be wondered at that the breaking out of the smal Pocks and Measles is somtimes so long deferred as that some have them at Mans estate For those impurites do not substantially remain in the body as many imagine for they would be corrupted by long stay and acquire a most grevious putrefaction But only an evil quality is by them imprinted upon the parts of the Child which in process of time infecting some part of the humors becomes offensive to Nature which then rowsing her self doth drive those infected portions of the humors into the Skin And forasmuch as in the Mass of blood a twosold excrement is found the one thick the other thin of the thick the smal Pocks are bred of the thin the Measles And although the evil and malignant quality be one and the same insecting both excrements yet because the Nature of the excrements is different the Analogy of the external Cause unto them both is Different whence it comes to pass that sometimes the smal Pocks and somtimes the Measles are Epidemically spread abroad And although the smal Pocks are wont to break forth in the whol body yet are they wont to appear in greatest quantity in the face feet and hands which is otherwise in the purple spots of the Purple Feaver for they appear most on the breast and back The Cause of which difference is this that inasmuch as the smal Pocks arise from an ebullition of the blood by help whereof an Excretion is made of the excrements lurking therein unto the Skin and the Liver being the Fountain and original of blood whose Emunctories are the Face Hands and Feet whence it comes that such as have hot Livers have red and rubied faces and feel intense heat in the palmes of their hands and Soals of their feet it follows that the smal Pocks and Measles must come out there more than any where else Contrarywise the purple spotts which appear in malignant Feavers do arise principally from the Misaffection of the Heart and therfore they break out chiefly in parts near the Heart and especially about the Loines because in them the Vena Cava ascendens and the Arteria aorta which are annexed unto the Hair have their Course Also another difference is to be noted between the smal Pocks and Purples because the smal Pocks and Measles appearing on the third or fourth day from the beginning of the Feaver are wont to be critical and for the most part void of danger but the purple spots though they appear on the seventh day are commonly Symptomatical and render the disease worse whenas a man would think it should be otherwise for a disease is more crude on the fourth than the seveuth day But the Cause of this difference consists herein that in the smal Pocks and Measles the Feaver commonly begins at the highest so that not only on the third and fourth day but also on the first or second daies excretions may be in them critical But malignant Feavers proceed more slowly and their beginning is commonly Extended to the seventh day so that Excretions which then happen cannot be critical Now that the Pox and Measles come so soon to their state and not the malignant Feavers is hence because the Pox and Measle-Feaver comes from the lightest putrefaction and rather from an Ebullition of the blood than from any intense putrefaction of the matter and therfore Nature by help of Coction makes it to cease before the seventh day because it was a light Feaver and rose from the slightest Causes But in malignant Feavers so great and fordid is the putrefaction that it cannot be corrected in the fourteenth nor somtimes in the twentieth day And therefore the spotts breaking out before that time the disease is exasperated because Nature was forced to expel them without Concoction and symptomatically The expulsion therefore of smal pox and Measles is caused by an Ebullition of the blood which Ebullition according to Avicennas doctrine is twofold the one perfective the other corruptive The perfective or depurative is that in which only the impurer and excrementitious parts of the blood are by Nature purged forth that the whol mass may afterward remain pure and then the smal Pocks are innocent which are cured without any help of Physick But the corruptive is wherein not onely the excrementitous parts of the blood but the sincere blood it self is putrefied whence arise dangerous and deadly pox and according as there is more or less putrefaction in more in more or fewer parts of the blood so is the danger more or less This corruptive Ebullition doth cheifly happen when those diseases are epidemical being occasioned by a malignant Constitution of the Air by which an ebullition of the humors and a malignant putrefaction is caused whonce many and dangerous smal Pocks are caused which are somtimes according to Rhasis the Forerunners of the Plague Pocks and Measles are reckoned among acute diseases because ordinarily they are terminated within the space of fourteen daies Now som do wittily observe a double order of times in times in this disease viz. the time of ebullition and the time of eruption the time of ebullition is commonly terminated in four daies so that the first day is counted the beginning the second the Augment the third the state and the fourth the declination for then the Feaver and other symptomes
an Apple so called Pubes the hairy Hillock above the privities in men and women The word signifies ripeness because that hair being grown out testifies the parties to be fit to engender Paerineum the space which runs like a ridge between the privities and fundament in men and women Praeposterous unnaturall undue unfitting Perturbation of the Eyes a troubled drousie frighted look of the Eyes Procatarctick Causes primarie first working and occasional Causes So in a Feaver the next immediate Cause is putrefied choller c. but the first working occasional causes were the patients taking cold by swimming in the cold-water whereby the pores became shut and the Matter of the Disease was retained in the Body So the Procatarctick Cause of worms in Children is their greedy eating of Fruit but the immediate Cause is putrid humors occasioned by those Fruits out of which humors the worms breed Precipitated thrown head-long forcibly cast down Palliative Cure is when a Disease is not taken away but only mitigated and made more mild so that the patient may have as much ease as possible Or if the Disease deform the Body a palliative Cure does hide as much as may be that deformity So an Eye being thurst out cannot be properly cured but it may admit of a palliative cure in asswaging the pain and other Symptoms and by putting into the place thereof a Glass or other Artificial Eye Potent powerful Perspirable the Body is said to be Perspirable when the invisible Pores or holes in the skin are kept open so that the vapors arising from evil Humors may freely breath out See Transpiration Pernicious deadly causing death destruction Protraction is a lengthening out of a Disease and making the same to last long Pharmaceutick Remedies whatsoever kind of Medicines are made by the Apothecary Praeposterous disorderly undue unfit the Cart before the Horse Quittor See Matter R Repletion over much fulness of blood or Humors Resolution weakening or dissolving the strength of a part as when it is palsyed c. Revulsion drawing back of blood or Humors from the part affected Repelling Medicines which draw back the humor from the part affected Repellers the same Relaxing Slacking as the string of a bow when the bow is unbent is said to be relaxed or slackned To Revel to draw back Humors from the part diseased Remitted lessened abated Restriction exception limitation Ruption breaking or tearing asunder Reliques remainders of an Humor after Solemn purging bleeding c. Retraction drawing back Radical moisture the fundamental juice of the Fundamental juice of the body which nourishes and preserves the natural heat as the oile in a lampe preserves and feeds the flame Revelled drawen back Revulsives remedies to draw back the Humor from the Diseased part Repelled driven away Retentive faculty the power in our body and its parts to hold fast its nutriment and what ever is agreeable thereunto Rough Arterie or Aspera Arteria is the wind-pipe or Wesand which is rough on the out side with circles and gristly rings Reduced brought bach againe Refractions breaking of the Representations of visible objects a terme used by the writers of Opticks or the Art of seeing Recruted repaired restored made up a military Resolving medicaments are such as loosen and scatter evil humors which are gathered and combined together in some diseased part of the Body Reâ—ercussives medicines which drive back the Humors from a diseased part Relaxation loosenes Refrigerating cooling Resp ration breathing Reflux flowing back again Recipient part is that part which receives the Humor offending S Suppository that which is put into the Fundament to cause solubleness Sudoâ— osick that is causing sweat Subeth a deep sleep Scarefication is a cutting of the Skin that it may bleed into a Cupping-glass Superficies the outside of any thing Stuphes Stoves or Hot-Houses to sweat in Spiritus acousticos is that portion of the spirit which in the Eares discerneth sounds Strangulation choaking Sternon the breast bone See Veslingus Anatomie in English Sphinchter is the Musle of the Arse Stupor dulness Spasmus cramp or Convulsion A Scruple is twenty graines or the weight of so many barley cornes Sternutatories medicines to snuf into the nose to provoke sneezing Stupefying taking away the sence of feeling benumming Stupid that is benummed besotted hath no feelling or sense blockish Symptomes evil dispositions of the Body which depend upon and accompany a disease as Heat thâ—â—st Headach want of sleep stomach-sickness faintings swoonings c. Sympathy fellow-feeling a disease is said to come by sympathy when the principal cause is in some other part with which the part offended hath a fellow-feeling So paines of the Head caused by evil Humors in the stomach are said to come by sympathy And sickness of stomach caused by stone in the kidneys is a disease of the stomach by sympathy Nerves Sinnewes certaine strings carrying the facultie of Motion and sence from the Braine into all parts of the Body see Veslingus Anatomie in English Scorbut the Scurvie Steeled in which steel hath bin quenched or infused Scorbutick persons that are troubled with the scurvy Spinal of or belonging to the Back-bone Serous matter wheyish like whey Sutures seams of the Head where the parts of the skull are joined together Species of the Objects representations of things seen For the visible things themselves do not enter into the eyes but certain images and figures of them Scituation place or posture Species retained in the Mind the shapes and patterns of things seen or heard c. State of the disease is when it is at the highest and does neither encrease nor decrease Saphena A vein of the foot which is usually opened in woemen see Veslingus Anatomie in English Sal-prunellae salf-peter purified with Brimstone Clean white salt Peter is as good for use only the Chymists love to mend Magnificat and many times take great pains to little purpose Sphacelus deadnes of any part when the flesh and bone are dead sphacelation signifies the same Superfluous over much unnecessary c. Speculum Oris an Instrument wherewith the Mouth and throat is kept open that the parts diseased may be seen and dealt with Scirrhus an hard swelling without paâ—â— Suppurated an Impostume is said to be suppurated when it gathers matter enclines to break Suppuration a collection of matter in an impostume Suppression stoppage Solution of continuâ—â—ie a dividing of such parts as were naturally united so every wound and Sore is called a solution of continuity c. Stupes cow or Cotton-wooll Sealed Earth Terra Sigillata it is a kind of Medicinal Earth brought out of the straights sealed in little flatt cakes to avoid Imposture the Seal is wont to be the great Turks badg viz. the half moon Sparadrap a cerecloath Sediment the settlings and dregs of Urine or any other liquor Suppression stoppage Sincere excrements are such as are pure and unmixed as choller alone c. Sudoroficks medicines causing Sweat Suffocating choaking
one ounce the Conserve of Sage and Rosemary flowers of each six drams Nutmeg candied half an ounce one candied Myrobalan old Treacle and confection of Alkermes of each three drams of the Pouder Diambra and Diamoschi dulcis of each one dram with the Syrup of Citron Barks make it up And let him take every morning two hours before meat the quantity of a Chessnut drink after it a little wine and water This following Balsom doth more strongly corroborate the brain of which he may take now and then three or four drops in wine or broth Take of the Chymical Oyl of Nutmegs three drams Oyl of Marjoram Rosemary and Amber of each half a dram Musk and Amber-greese of each one scruple with a little Oyl of a Mans Skull mix them together You may make the Oyl of a mans Skull thus Take the shavings or raspings of a Skull that was never buried put them in a Retort or Still so called in as much white Wine as will suffice Let them stand in Balneo Mariae that is a kettle of warm water for some time then distill it in Sand till it is dry and you shall find the Oyl swimming upon the Water which is drawn off Anoint your Nostrils within with this Balsom every night and it wil strengthen the Brain wonderfully There is another cheaper for to anoint the Nostrils with which is Take the Oyl of Orange Flowers two drams white Wax one dram melt them gently and put thereto Oyl of Amber half a dram of the Chymical Oyls of Sage and Rosemary of each fifteen drops Oyl of Spike five drops mix them together It is also very good for the drawing away of the matter which breeds continually in the Brain by an issue in the hinder part of the neck Lastly The Baths which come out of Brimstone Niter Bitumen as those called Bellilucanae are very good for the drying and strengthening of the Brain if it be washed therewith for some daies after general evacuations are made Daily experience teacheth us that most grievous Head-Diseases coming of cold Distempers are thereby cured It is profitable also to drink those Waters for the strengthening of the stomach which alwaies doth sympathize with the head Therefore I set down this digestive Pouder Take of Coriander seed prepared one ounce Annis seeds and sweet Fennel Seeds of each three drams Cinnamon and Nutmeg of each two drams Coral Ivory and Pearl prepared of each one scruple Sugar of Roses as much as all the rest or for rich folk twice as much of which let him take a spoonful after every meal not drinking or eating for three hours after CHAP. II. Of Drouzie Diseases called Coma Lethargy Carus and Apoplexy THere are four kinds of Preternatural sleep namely Coma Apoplexy Carus and Lethargie We wil speak of them together in this Chapter because they proceed from the same Causes and are cured all the same way These four Diseases differ one from another after this manner In the Disease called Coma Cataphora or Subeth according to Avicen is a deep sleep but such an one as from which the Patient is raised openeth his eyes and answereth but presently he is again in a deep sleep In a Lethargie the sleep is like that of Coma but it is joyned with a Feaver and Frenzy or Dotage In Carus there is no Feaver as in Lethargy but in Carus the sleep is more deep and profound so that when the sick party is rowsed up he scarce opens his Eyes and answers not as in the former but yet being pinched he is sensible and his breath comes freely In Apoplexy the sleep is most deep and a total privation of sence and motion except breathing and so therefore the sick doth neither open his eyes answer nor feel when he is hurt as also he breatheth very difficultly There are many Causes of these Diseases The first and chief cause is Flegm and waterish humor contained in the brain of which when there is but a smal quantity that moisteneth and cooleth the substance of the brain stopping up its â—ores and passages cometh Coma. But if the same quantity of Humor so gathered together become putrified and corrupt or grow into a tumor or swelling or be dispersed throughout the brain it procureth a Lethargie When it is gathered in a greater quantity without corruption and that the humor is sucked up into the substance of the brain it causeth a Carus And lastly When the humor is in so great a quantity that it doth not only fill the brain but also the ventricles thereof stopping and straitening them and also when it doth offend the Original of the Nerves which comes from the brain and is placed in the basis or bottom of the Skull and when it hindereth the passage of the Animal Spirit it begets an Apoplexy Secondly Sleepy Diseases spring also from abundance of blood in the brain for if the store of blood contained be more raw waterish and cold it thickens the Animal Spirits and makes them unfit to move as also the abundance of humor charging the brain hindereth the free passage of the Spirits and according as the humor is more or less in quantity more or less in coldness it produceth a greater or a lesser Disease So that both Coma Carus and Apoplexy may be caused thereby But drowsie Diseases especially the Apoplexy are usually caused by blood out of its Vessels stopping and compressing the Ventricles of the brain and that falleth out either from a vein broken in the brain or from an over fulness of the Vessels or from some great bruise or contusion of the head or from some cut or punctured wound by which the veins of the brain are divided and so send forth much blood And the Fracture only of the Skul compressing of the brain may produce a dulness drowsiness or sleeping Disease Thirdly It is without doubt that a Tumor in the brain burdening it with its weight may produce a sleepy disease This is reported by Platerus to be found in a certain Barron who for a long time was sortish and sleepy did nothing rationally nor desired meat neither did eat any thing but what was forced into him went not to bed but by compulsion but would sit al day at the Table leaning on his arm with his eyes shut neither did he answer at any time without much asking and importunity and then very little to the purpose After his death his Skul was opened and there was found in his brain a great Kernel hard and of a callous body the cause whereof might be some stroak upon the head which he had received long before the beginning of his Disease Fourthly Many Vapors flying into the Brain may be the cause of a sleepy disease for if the vapors be many and gross that they burden the animal Spirits and darken them as with a mist even as the clouds in the greater world darken and obscure the beams of the Sun But if they be overmoist they do so
this Remedy Outwardly you may use some Chymical Balsoms against Apoplexies of which there are divers We wil only discover one of the best unto you Take of the Oyl of Nutmegs by Expression half an ounce Ambergreece Musk and Civit of each one scruple the distilled Oyls of Spike Amber Cinnamon Rosemary Cloves of each half a scruple With this Balsom touch the pallat every morning and drop some into the ears and snuff some into the nostrils For this purpose the distilled Oyl of Nutmegs used in the same manner is much commended Lastly We must observe That in the Cure of these Diseases we must use less hot things and lose more blood when the Disease is caused of blood and also we must mix Medicines that purge Choller with those that purge Flegm They which have been troubled with any of these Diseases and are cured do use many times to relapse and fal into the same again which that you may prevent you must correct the cold Distemper of the Brain as before is taught by which Method you may prevent either Apoplexy Carus Lethargy or Coma. And if the Brain be very cold after general Evacuations you may often use Aqua Apoplectica or these Tablets or Lozenges following Take of Amber-greece half a scruple the distilled Oyl of Annis seeds Cinnamon and Nutmegs of each three drops Oyl of Cloves one drop Sugar dissolved in Orange-flower-water four ounces Make these into Lozenges and let him take a dram or two of it every morning Pills to strengthen the Head are thus made Take of Cubebs Mastich Nutmeg Cloves of each one dram Amber-greese half a dram of Musk six grains With Juyce of Marjoram make Pills and let him take one scruple at a time twice in a week at his going to bed This Pouder is much in use and is much commended Take of White Amber half an ounce of the Pouder of the Electuary called Diarrhodon Abbatis two drams of Peony Roots one dram and an half Make a Pouder of them and take a dram at a time in any Water for that purpose before every New Moon It is good to hold Nutmeg in the Mouth and to chew it very often Sweet Perfumes are to be used to the Nose especially the Apoplectick Balsom Use Spices with Meat after Meat a digestive Pouder mentioned in the Cure of the cold Distemper of the Head If you fear a sleepy Disease wil come from too much blood you must first take some away by the Arm and use al means to make the Piles or Hemorrhoid Veins to bleed which is very good for which you must purge with Senna and Rhubarb and with cooling things If you fear an Apoplexy from Melancholly you must purge Melancholly and provoke the Hemorrhoids and give the Medicines prescribed for the strengthening of the Brain especially that pouder which is made of white Amber Diarrhodon and Peony Roots CHAP. III. Of Waking Coma. THE Disease called Waking Coma or Coma vigil is put among sleeping Diseases yet because it is of another Condition different from the rest we will treat of it in this Chapter by it self This Coma vigil is a Disease in which the Patient lieth with his eyes shut as if he were asleep when he is awake and distracted and if you touch him he presently openeth his eyes and looks strangely and falls asleep again which is hindered by divers strange imaginations and fancies This Disease Galen placeth as a mean between a Frenzy and a Lethargy and calleth it Typhomania The usual Cause of this Disease is Choller mixed with Flegm by which humors the Brain is made too moist or it is swelled or inflamed from whence either the Tumor called Erisypelas oedematosum or oedema Erisypelatosum But because those humors are diversly mixed somtimes a greater proportion of the one than of another it comes to pass that the Diseases from them are divers for if Choller be chief then it is a Delirium or Dotage and the sick man sleepeth but little though his eyes be shut but if Flegm prevail the Patient doth sleep more and is less doting and being raised makes less noise and is not so foolish This Coma vigil comes by sympathy from Chollerick vapors mixed with Flegmatick that fly into the Head which happens in Feavers that come from mixed Humors especially in half Tertians which are made of a Tertian and a Quotidian We may safely affirm that this Disease cometh from Vapors simply hot and moist in strong Feavers because sleep comes from moisture and waking comes from heat The Diagnosis or knowledg of this Disease is plain enough by what hath been said That they which have it lie with their eyes shut and seem to sleep yet they cannot sleep but toss and tumble lift themselves up suddenly strive to get out of the bed and then fall again asleep The divers Causes are easily known from what hath been said This Disease is accounted dangerous if the Brain have a Swelling or Inflamation or if it be overcome with the humors above mentioned namely Choller and Flegm or if it come of vapors which arise from the malignant Humors of a Pestilent Feaver If the Dotage or Delirium be strong it produceth a Convulsion for it comes of a Humor or vapor which is very sharp which falling upon Nervous parts causeth a Convulsion A true Coma vigil is cured as a Frenzy and Lethargy and if it incline most to a Frenzy then the Medicines proper for that are most to be used if to a Lethargy then the Medicines proper for that But a Coma that cometh by Sympathy is cured by curing the Malignant Feaver from whence it cometh but the more peculiar Remedies must also be used which draw and keep humors from the Brain in the beginning of the Disease as bleeding in the Arm and Foot Vinegar of Roses applied to the Forehead Clysters Cupping glasses to the Shoulders Back Buttocks Thighs opening the Head Vein applying Leeches to the Temples and behind the Ears and laying living Creatures to the Head to dissolve the Humor CHAP. IV. Of the Sleeping Diseases called Catoche and Catalepsis or Congelation THere is some Confusion among Authors about this Catoche for some take it for Coma vigil Waking Coma others for Catalepsis Paulus gave them the cause of their difference in his Third Book and the Eighth Chapter he treats of a two-fold Catoche and first under that name he speaks of a Coma vigil in the end under the same name he speaks of Catalepsis Custom hath brought it to pass that Catoche and Catalepsis are taken for one and the same Disease in all Authors the Latins call it commonly Congelation or stiffness of the Body It is a Disease seldom seen and to be admired and those Authors which have seen the Disease do think it so much worth the observation as to describe the whol passage and History of it First of all Galen in his first Comment Prorrhet Sect. 2. Part 56. mentioneth a story of a School-fellow
Centaury and in our 98. Observation and the second Centaury were given two examples of Scorbutick Palseys accompanied with Convulsions There may be divers other Causes of a Palsey which are little observed As first A cold and moist Distemper simple and without matter may by congealing of the Spirits not only hinder their passages and influence upon the parts but also by destroying the temper of the Nerves make them uncapable of receiving the animal Spirits whereby they have Sence and Motion and this cold and moist distemper from overcoldness of the air or from the touching of a cold thing as Galen teacheth 4. de Loc. Aff. Chap. 4. of a certain man who when in a cold season and a great storm he had wrapt his wet Cloak a long time about his Neck fel into a Palsey in his hand the Nerves which come from the Neck and Marrow of the Back-bone being thereby made too cold and moist Some of our late Writers have reported That a Palsey may be procured by a stupifying or numbing quality which is inhaerent in some Medicines and Poysons and somtimes in the humors themselves And hence they say comes that Palsey which is caught by touching of the Torpedo or Cramp-fish but it is not so much to be termed a Palsey which cometh by that way as a Stupor or Stupifaction and numbness such like as that which Goldsmiths and Gilders have often by the touching and much using of Quick-silver and Looking-glass makers also which is often seen in Venice And Platerus supposeth that Wine by narcotick or stupifying quality begets Palseys and Numbness although others differ from his Judgment yet Fernelius seems to favor his Opinion affirming in the place above cited that he once saw a man whose skin by gluttony and drunkenness was all over stupified and insensible And Petrus Fabius in his Notes upon Altimar Chap. 14. relates a story of a certain Barbar who after he had been strongly tipling of Wine awaked at mid-night and fell suddenly into an universal Palsey of all the parts of his Body beneath his face so deprived of Sence and Motion that he felt not when he was cut and scarrified with a knife nor when he was pricked deeply with needles But his surfet and drunkenness being past he was cured in the space of three daies only by revulsions and resolving Oyntments applied to the back Notwithstanding this Author doth not impute this Palsey to the Narcotick or stupifying quality of the Wine but to those gross vapors which arose from his surfet and stopped the Nerves and this cause may be accounted among otheres that produce this Disease We have shewed in our Treatise of sleeping Diseases That there is a stupifying quality in corrupt and malignant Humors which being carried to the Nerves may hinder their Actions and since the Humors which produce the Scorbut have a venemous and malignant quality they may also have a stupifying forâ—e which may cause also a Palsey with the Scorbut or a Scorbutick Palsey although as we said before an obstruction or stopping or pressing of the Nerves may be sufficient to cause a Palsey alone Moreover Tumors growing by the Back-bone and its Nerves may without doubt cause a Palsey by pressing upon the Nerves So the cutting and pricking of a Nerve may produce the same effect The dislocation luxation or making loose of any of the Back bones or other Joynts may cause the same by pressing upon the Nerves And lastly The Condensation or thickning of the Nerves may hinder the influence and passage of the Spirits which comes either by too much exsiccation or drying or of a gross Earthy Humor which is taken into the substance of them So in those that have the Leprosie called Elephantiasis the sence and feeling of many parts is lost by reason of their growing too thick and hard by an Earthy and gross Nourishment which they receive The Causes of different Palseys are these In a perfect Palsey which supposeth a perfect privation of both Sence and Motion there is more plenty of the matter which causeth it by a general obstruction or stopping and binding of the Nerves But in an imperfect Palsey there is less matter to stop and bind the Nerves whereby it comes to pass that the passage of the Animal Spirits is not altogether so closed up but it wil suffer some portion of them to have their recourse Somtimes the Motion is hindered and the Sence not because there is more vertue to cause Motion than to cause sence or feeling in regard feeling is a kind of passion but Motion consists altogether in action Somtimes the Sence is hindered and not the Motion for in some parts of the body those nerves and their branches which serve for sence do not serve for motion as those nerves which are in the skin if they only be hurt the Sence only is hurt which is seen in a particular Palsey which is in one part only of the Body But if the chief nerves which are carried to the Muscles be hurt the sence cannot only be hindred but the motion also The Diagnosis or Knowledg of this Disease is directed to three things namely The kind or sort of the Disease to the part affected and to the cause that produceth it We may easily know what kind of Palsey it is because the want of motion and the privation of sence are to be discovered by the eye It is harder to know the part affected but it is found out by the knowledg of Anatomy which declareth the original and joyning of the nerves For if the right side of the face or left hath the Palsey and no other part be hurt the Brain is only hurt in that part from whence the nerves are brought that come to those sides of the face But if the parts under the head be hurt together with the Face then it is a sign that the Back bone is hurt as wel as the Brain And if the parts beneath the Head are hurt and not the face the fault is only in the Back bone If half the Body have the Palsey only one half of the Back bone is affected but if the whol body suffer then is the original of the Back bone hurt When the Palsey is in the Legs the part affected is about the bottom of the marrow of the Back and the Vertebrae or turning Bones of the Os Sacrum and so we must search out for the place whence the nerves spring which are brought to that part which is troubled with the Palsey Somtimes also the searching into the outward Cause doth much avail for the knowledg of the part affected Two examples whereof are brought by Galen one whereof we mentioned before out of his fourth Book de loc affect chap. 4. concerning a man in a cold stormy time wrapt his wet cloak so long about his neck til he fel into a Palsey in his hand Another is in his first Book de loc affect chap. 5. of Pausinias Syrus who lost the sence
goeth by fits when in a Coma it comes all at once A true Epilepsy is distinguished from an Epilepsy by consent thus In the true there appears many signs of the Brain affected as heaviness of mind and slowness decay of memory troublesom sleep with dreams dulness of sences slowness and idleness of Body pain of the head and other things Moreover the sick man doth not perceive the fit coming but is suddenly taken therewith unawares at the new Moon for the most part The due proportion of the inferior parts being without blemish do confirm this sign But we may know whether it come from the right or left side of the head most By this either the sight of one eye is more obscured or the hearing more thick with the noise of the head on that side or if the right or left side be more dull But we may know from what humor especially an Epilepsy cometh by those signs which declare when flegm choller or melancholly abound An Epilepsy by consent is thus known There appear no signs of a distempered Brain the Patient perceives his Disease Coming and a wind rising from the parts below or some lower part is weakened or else affected strongly in the time of the fit These things following do shew that the Cause of an Epilepsy is in the stomach Disdain of meat an inability to fast loathing vomiting pain of the stomach gnawing pricking and distention somtimes beating of the heart which ariseth from the Stomach That the disease comes from the Liver or Spleen appears by often belching and breaking of wind a swelling of the belly with rumbling and noise sowr belchings straitness of the Midrif and pain somtimes reaching to the back besides some distemper in inferior parts An Hysterick fit or the Mother mixt with Convulsions if a retaining of the Courses or Seed went before shews that it comes from the Womb. If the Epilepsy comes from an external part some wind is perceived to rise from that part and the matter causing the Disease somtimes tickleth and beateth in the part which is a sign there is a fit at hand and if that part be tied hard the fit is hindred Lastly The Signs of worms shew that the disease come from them as stinking sowr Breath itching of the Nose pain of the Belly earthy Excrements grating of the teeth sleepiness and the like especially if somtimes worms are voided But the extraordinary Causes as Imposthumation foulness of a Bone stopping of urine and the like may be taken from their proper signs As to the Prognostick An Epilepsy is a Disease of long continuance and very stubborn and deadly in Infants An Epilepsy coming haereditary is incurable but that which comes from external causes and evil diet is curable An Epilepsy coming before fourteen yeers of age in Boyes and twelve in Girls is curable after twenty five yeers of age it is incurable out of Hippocrates Aph. 7. Sect. 5. For in the time of ripeness of Age there is great store of Natural heat which is powerful to discuss-Diseases Moreover at that time women begin to have their terms by which the uncleanness of the Body is purged Yet although Hippocrates supposed an Epilepsy to be incurable after twenty five yeers of age yet this is not alwaies true for we find by experience that many have been cured after although but seldom seen therefore we may say that the Aphorism is true for the most part A strong Epilepsy often killeth the Patient in the fit or it turns into an Apoplexy or by reason of the strength of the symptomes and the violent shaking of the Brain the Fabrick of the Body it is overthrown and some parts thereof are broken and it happens somtimes that pieces of the bones called Processus Mammillares come out of the Nose An Epilepsy coming of Melancholly turns somtimes into madness when the humor is sent from the Ventricles of the Brain into the substance thereof The same humor when it is only in the Ventricles of the Brain stopping them and paining them causeth an Epilepsy But when it offends the substance of the Brain which is the seat of the chief â—unctions by defiling its Natural temper and corrupting the Animal Spirits and darkening them it makes a Mâ—lancholly doting Hence Hippocrates 6. epid sect 8. text 40 saith that Melancholly men turn for the most part Epileptick and Epileptick to Melancholly But these Diseases thus change in a two-fold respect either by the change of the matter causing the Disease from its proper seat and so when one comes another goes or by the propagation of the matter and then both remain An Epilepsy coming of flegm turns either into an Apoplexy or a Palsey A Quartan Ague coming upon an Epilepsy and continuing long cureth it by reason the matter of the Diseaâ—e is by degrees coâ—â—â—â—ned by the heat of the Feaver if it be of flegm but if it come of Melancholly it is sent from the part affected to the place where the ground of the disease lieth that it may supply matter to the new sits The â—ure of the Epilepsy is two-fold the one in the fit the other out of it Physitians are seldom called to the Cure of the fit except it continue over long in which cafe those Remedies which we laid down in the Cure of sleepy Diseases especially the Apoplectick Water the Cinnamon Water Aqua vitae and other Spirits which are very proper to discuss the fit Out of your fit you must vary your Cure as the Cause requires And first we shal lay down the Cure of a proper Epilepsy which consists in Evacuation of humors throughout the body in the discussing of the matter of the Disease and rectifying its evil qualities as also in strengthning of the Brain And since the matter offending in a true Epilepsy is for the most part Flegm we will direct our general Cure in oppoâ—â—tion to that admonishing yong beginners that if Choller or Melancholly abound they would prepare and purge them But the specifical Remedies are alwaies the same of what cause soever the Disease doth come For a perfect Cure we must thus proceed First Give him a Potion to purge flegm or some other Medicine to that purpose which the Patient can best take mentioned in the first Chapter First giving a Clyster if his body be bound After if there be signs of Repletion or if the party be Sangume he must be let blood otherwise not Afterwards the Universal Cure of the cold distemper of the Brain is to be followed with this Caution That to the Decoctions Apozemes Diets Sweats Syrups Chewings and head Pouders you ad the Root and Seed of Peony and Misleto of the Oak which all ancient Authors hold to be most proper for the Cure of this disease For his Dâ—et Guajacum is the best Sweater By the use of which Jachinus reports that he cured many but let it be continued thirty or fourty daies To every Dose of the Sudorifick Decoction put some drops
shew the part affected that containeth the mine or matter of the Disease as also those which shew the humor offending Pain of the Head shews that a Vertigo cometh from a Disease of the Brain which is a true or proper Vertigo Also Heaviness and the loss of some Sence as Dimness of sight noise in the Ears thickness of hearing decay of smelling and tasting the beating of the Arteries of the Head when other parts are free The signs that shew what the matter is that offendeth are these That abundance of flegm offendeth is signified by a dulness of the internal and external Sences heaviness of Head slowness of motion drouziness much spitting want of Appetite want of Thirst white Urine and crude with the other signs of abundance of flegm But watchings wrath nimbleness in actions thirst bitterness of mouth quickness of pulse a thin and yellow Urine and the like shew that the Chollerick matter offendeth The signs of a Melancholly matter are Fear sorrow troublesom thoughts much watching fearful dreams sowr belchings and the like The signs of Blood abounding are Stretching of the Veins with fulness redness of face and heat beating of the Temples heaviness and distention in the head long sleep dreams of red things weariness reaching thick and red Urine somtimes thin and transparant by the ascention of the blood into the head A Vertigo by Consent is known by the want of those Symptomes which come from the Head when no disorder is found in the Brain but rather some part beneath is sensibly hurt These things shew that a Vertigo comes from the stomach want of appetite loathing sowr belchings pain of the stomach or swelling with wind That a Vertigo comes from the Liver Spleen or Matrix by Consent the same signs declare which were laid down in an Epilepsy by Consent coming from the same parts in the Chapter aforegoing The Prognostick or foreknowledg of this Disease is thus A new Vertigo that comes but seldom and which comes only from external Causes is more light and easier cured On the contrary that which is old and comes often turneth for the most part into an Epilepsy or Apoplexy A Vertigo in an old man is most dangerous because his Brain is colder and weaker and flegm doth more abound A Vert go in which not only external things but also the Head and whol Body seem to be turned about and which happens with hurt to the sight is more dangerous for it signifies greater force in the cause of it and if the sick man falls to the ground it foretels an Epilepsy or Apoplexy A Vertigo coming of hot Humors is sooner dissolved than that which comes of cold because hot Humors are sooner dispersed The Cure of the Vertigo is much like that of the Epilepsy because both Diseases come almost of the same Causes whence it comes that a Vertigo often turns into an Epilepsy But because a Vertigo is a lighter Disease it doth not need so many Medicines as an Epilepsy but they will serve which we will here lay down and also we shal demonstrate in short what is that which this Disease most properly requireth for its Cure In the first place Therefore if blood abound in the whol body or in the head you must open a Vein and let the blood out by degrees giving before a Clyster that is somwhat sharp After that give the ordinary Purge which is prescribed in the Cure of the cold Distemper of the Brain Afterwards we must come to the particular Evacuations of the Brain by Errhines Sternutatories and Gargarisms or Apophlegmatisms mentioned in the first Chapter Cupping glasses dry and with Scarrification Frictions of the extream parts and opening of the Hemorrhoids are to be used for to cause revulsion Apply Vesicatories and Cauteries for derivation and at last use those things which strengthen the Brain and disperse Vapors and Humors as well externally as internally as Opiates Pouders and Bags that are described in the first Chapter And you must not omit the digestive Pouder because the weakness of the Stomach often causeth this Disease And lastly You must use those Medicines which are esteemed by special quality to cure the Vertigo such as are those which were prescribed for the Cure of the Epilepsy namely Antepileptick Waters a Balsom to anoint the Nostrils Temples and Crown of the head Oyl of Amber Pouder of Cinnaber and many other Moreover Quercetanus in the twentieth Chapter of his Dispensatory commends a Medicine made of Peacocks dung whose Preparation and manner of use may be seen in the Author If the Disease do obstinately resist the propounded Remedies you must fall to a Diet of the Decoction of Guajacum A 〈◊〉 in the fore part of the Head is much commended by Zacutus Lusitanus in his first Book of Admirable Practice Obs 38. in these words A certain man was so troubled with a dark Vertigo that his Brain did almost continually seem to run round and when he had tried many Medicines and there was fear of an Apoplexy to follow with no other means besides general and particular Evacuations and Fontanels or Issues in divers parts and a Seton in the nape of the Neck could he be cured but with a Cautery in the fore part of the â—ead by which only beyond the expectation of Physitians I have cured many of the Falling-sickness letting them run a long time CHAP. X. Of Tremor or Trembling TRemor is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek it is a voluntary Motion depraved by which the Member is somtimes elevated somtimes depressed through the mutual contention between the faculty and the part affected It is called a depraved motion from Galen 2. de sympt caus chap. 1. and he saies the same in his Book of the Difference of Symptomes chap. 3. but he seems to contradict himself when in his Book of Trembling chap. 4. he reckons Trembling among the Motions which are diminished But that contradiction may be reconciled by saying that Motion may be considered two waies Either in respect of it self or in respect of the faculty If it be considered in respect of it self it is depraved because it is not in that manner it ought to be if it be considered in respect of the faculty it is a deminished motion because it comes from a faculty so weak that it cannot produce motion strong enough But one may instance That the action is alwaies diminished when comes from a weak faculty but never depraved I answer That it is true if al the actions depend upon the faculty but Trembling comes partly from the Faculty partly from the heaviness of the part therefore it is a depraved Motion The moving faculty desireth to lift up the Member and to keep it in that Position but the weight of the Member presseth it downwards whence comes a trembling Motion The Mediate Cause of Trembling is weakness of the Motive Faculty or rather of its nearest Instrument that is the Animal Spirit which is not
pass by the great consent which is between the Brain and the Diaphragma through the Nerves that come thither and by the perpetual motion of the Diaphragma or Midriff by reason whâ—reof continual vapors are sent to the Brain The Cause of a true Phrenzy is Chollerick blood to which there is joyned also Excrementitious Choller and this produceth a greater or less Phrenzy according to its divers degrees namely in heat and adustion So a Pale Choller produceth the mildest Phrenzy and an Adust or burnt Choller stirs up a bestial Phrenzy But when the Brain is inflamed and the Membranes thereof the Chollerick blood is out of its Vessels and shed abroad into the substance of those parts which is done Two wayes either when the Brain is principally affected or when it is affected by Sympathy The Brain is primarily affected when it doth immediately grow hot from an external Cause as from the Sun-beams drinking of Wine Wrath and the like so that the blood which is contained in the veins of the Brain is moved and carried out of its Vessels and this may come from a wound or stroak or contusion of the head And a Phrenzy so coming may be called a primary or principal Phrenzy But a secondary Phrenzy is that which follows burning and malignant Feavers when a part of that humor which causeth the Disease is carried to the head It followeth many times in these Feavers That Nature being disturbed by the malignity of the Cause which maketh the Disease sends some portion thereof to some flesh between the skin and the bone whence we see Pluresies shortness of Breathings Squinseys Hipatitides or Inflamations from the Vena porta and other parts to follow these Feavers So if these humors are sent to the Brain they make a true Phrenzy and then the Feaver goes before the Delirium or doting But in primary Phrenzies a Delirium appears with the Feaver from the beginning The Signs which declare a Phrenzy to come are these watchings troublesome slâ—ep much talk an urin that is first thick and after thin and perspicuous heat of the head for these declare that hot matter is carried to the head the eyes are altered because the brain being hurt they want the animal spirit There is a pain about the hinder part of the head because the jugular veins are carried to that part and send forth the Chollerick blood These are the signs of a Phrenzy present a continual doting because the Brain is alwayes affected troublesome watchings coming from the hot distemper of the Brain seldom and great violent breathing because men in Phrenzies forget to breath for when by forgetfulness or great trouble of the mind by many fancies which are presented to a doting imagination and with-draw the animal spirits Respiration or breathing is very seldom it is made up with the greatness of the blast Moreover in a Phrenzy there is no thirst or very little albert there are strong causes of thirst present because the mind is sick and the animal spirits by reason the Brain is hurt do not send their beams to the mouth of the stomack wherâ—unto thirst belongeth The Pulse is weak because the heart suffers with the brain hard because the Membrana is inflamed quick and often by reason of the great urging and somthing moist because the brain is affected Moreover there is a continual Feaver because the inflamation of the brain must of necessity cause a Feaver The tongue is rough black and yellow by reason of the Chollerick vapors which dry up its moisture An Hectical or Habitual Phrenzy is known from Hippocrat 1. Prorrhet text 33. by smal doting and little perceived when the sick do not speak but lie still and seem to sleep But a Phrenzy or Phrenitis is diâ—tinguished from a Paraphrenitis in this The Disease which produceth that is sooner known than a Delirium or Doting and by the encrease or diminution of that the Delirium is encreased or diminished and somtimes it intermits and is not constant But a Paraphrenitis springing from the Inflamation of the Midriff in which there is a constant doting is distinguished by other signs Namely â—ecause in a true Phrenzy there is great and seldom breathing but in the other little and often Little because the Diaphragma or Midriff being inflamed cannot easily be extended and dilated Often for necessity that the smalness might be made good by the frequency Moreover in a true Phrenzy the voyce is high and the Patient cryes out loud in the other the voice is low because the instrument of Breathing is hindered And lastly In the inflamation of the Midriff the Hypocondria are drawn up according to Hippocrates in Coacis and the reason is because the Midriff is covered beneath with a Membrana coming from the Peritoneum and therefore when it is inflamed it contracts the Peritoneum and with it the Hypochondria Lastly The Signs of the Causes may be known from the predominancy of the Humor in the whol Body and from the manner of the Delirium For a pale Choller makes a more gentle Phrenzy a yellow Choller make a more violent an adust Choller makes the most violent But Chollerick blood causeth the most mild of al. The Prognostick of this Disease is for the most part deadly for few escape in regard a noble part of the body is affected with a great Disease The greatest hope of recovery is when there is Dotage with laughter and a decrease of Symptoms continuance of strength as also when after the height of the Disease there happeneth some beneficial evacuation as sweat blood or looseness But these shew the Disease to be deadly The Tongue quavering and Hand trembling gnashing of Teeth Convulsion a great Chilness or Cold in the beginning of the Disease as also when the Patient picketh the Wooll or Straws about his bed You may farther Collect Death to be at hand by a drop of black blood flowing from the Nostrils by white stools white and thin urine For al these signifie a great oppression of the Brain or a flowing of Choller from the whole body to the part affected For the Cure of this Disease the blood that flows to the Head must be let forth and revelled derived repelled and intercepted and that which was there before must be evacuated and discussed The distemper of that part must be corrected the strength of it and of the whole body is to be preserved All these things may be done with the following Medicines In the beginning of the Disease at any time of the day you must let blood out of the Head vein because the Disease is very violent giving a Clyster before or if blood do much abound out of the Liver vein or first out of the middle vein and a little after out of the Head vein If the Disease come from stoppage of the Terms or Hemorrhoids upon the vein called Saphena in the foot In the next place you must open the Chephalick or Head vein that you may draw forth
among the causes of a Quotidian Feaver And alwaies before the coming of the Joynt-gout or Inflamation called Erysipelas such a Feaver doth proceed The external waies by which the humor flows from the head are those which are without the skul under the skin and Fernelius supposed that the humors which chiefly carried between the flesh and the skin although by the continuity of the Muscles Membranes and Nerves as also the Veins and Arteries the humors use to flow into the Eyes Teeth Jaws Neck Shoulders Joynts and other external parts Some Authors make difference of Catarrhs which are these Some are called Ferini or wild some Suffocating some Epidemical or common A wild violent Catarrh is that which by its sharpness ulcerateth the Lungs and brings a Consumption and it comes of a sharp and salt humor rising from a hot Liver and sent into the brain and from thence into the Lungs A Suffocating Catarrh is when the humor flows violently into the hollow of the Lungs and is still renewed to the danger of strangling Lastly An Epidemical Catarrh hath a malign quality and is common among the people and comes from the corruption of the Air. The Knowledg of this Disease is from three signs of the Subject of the Disease and of the Cause The Subject or Body apt to fall into a Catarrh is known by the slender Fabrick of it easily pierced with either hot or cold air as also by the too compact Fabrick of it which hindereth a free transpiration as also a weak and cold brain which cannot discuss the vapors which are sent unto it or sufficiently concoct its own nourishment also a hot brain that attracts too many vapors also the contrary actions of the Stomach and Liver when one is hot and the other cold The Signs which shew the Disease either declare it to be coming or present The aforesaid Causes shew it to be coming but especially heaviness in the head dulness and numbness of the Sences long sleep much snorting a snotty nose and more spitting than usual costiveness of Body and abundance of wind The signs of a Catarrh present are manifest for either the humor flowing from the brain is plainly seen or the swellings and pains which it produceth in divers parts The signs of the Causes are also evident for if a Catarrh come of a cold humor there will be sence of cold paleness of face sweet spittle sowr belchings slimy matter or watery and a general flegmatick habit of Body But that the humor distilling is hot appears by redness of the face thirst saltness and sharpness in the mouth inflamation pain and ulcers in the parts affected and a chollerick habit of the whol Body An external Defluxion is known from an internal in regard the pain is more external in the former especially under the skin of the crown of the head where somtimes you may perceive a soft tumor often a painful combing back of the hair and many times the humor is felt to fall down upon the outward parts with great pain heat or cold The Prognostick of this Disease is elegantly laid down by Cornelius Celsus in these words If the humor flow from the head into the nose it is smal if into the jaws it is worse but if upon the Lungs it is worst of all But Hippocrates saith That a Catarrh is very hard to be concocted in those that are very old Where there is a great plenty of humors either from repletion or from evil Concoction there is a dangerous Catarrh for it is to be feared lest the humor flow suddenly and cause Suffocation or some other grievous accident The Cure of this Disease is two-fold The one is of the Cold the other of the Hot Catarrh The whol Cure of a cold Catarrh consists in the preparing and evacuating of the humor off ending and in the revelling of it if it flow to the breast or other part and the stopping of its motion and after let the distemper of the brain be amended First then If the matter be much and flow very violently and we fear least it flow also from other parts especially if the Liver be hot for it is often seen that men subject to Catarrhs have a hot Liver and a cold brain we must breath a Vein but if the matter be but little and move gently and the party be aged and the temper of the Liver not hot so that there is no suspicion for humors to be sent to the brain from any other parts you may omit Phlebotomy The matter offending is first to be diminished with a Potion or Pills or other Purging Medicine mentioned in the chapter of the cold distemper of the Brain Afterwards the remainder of the humor is to be prepared with an Apozeme there also mentioned or if you fear not to disturb the humor too much you may give a purging Apozeme and at last make a compleat Evacuation with stronger Pills or other Purges If the Catarrh be very strong you may give that which will powerfully root out the Matter Coloquintida is very excellent for to purge the Brain strongly but it worketh very violently and is offensive with its bitterness both which faults are corrected by steeping it in Urine for so it laies aside its bitterness and becomes almost without tast and also is so gentle that it may be given to the quantity of a dram safely and it is a most gallant Remedy for all cold Diseases in the head It somtimes happens that Excrementitious Humors sent from the parts beneath into the brain produce a Catarrh and they find a preternatural course that way by reason the natural course by which those humors use to be evacuated is stopped and then the Catarrh is best cured by opening those waies with gentle mild and constant purging that the humors flowing upwards are so sent downwards and by degrees brought to their proper motion And these gentle Purges may be made of Decoctions or Broths long continued but in the mean while you must not neglect strengthening Medicines For Revulsion apply Cupping-glasses and Vesicatories or things to cause blisters to the neck and shoulders and make issues in the hinder part of the head and arms Zacutus Lusitanus in lib. 2. Praxis admirandae observat 160. commends Issues behind the Ears for the best remedy against all distillations from the head And we have seen good success by them especially in defluxion upon the Eyes You may use Errhines Neesings Gargarisms and Masticatories but with this Caution That you use Errhines and Neesings only when the Catarrh falls upon the Jaws Lungs and Stomach but when it falls into the Eyes or Nose use Masticatories and Gargarisms The forms of all these Medicines were set down in the Chapter aforegoing But observe in the use of them that when the matter is somwhat thin you use not strong discussients and dissolvers for by these you shall cause the humors to flow more violently upon the Breast Lungs or other parts
the Patient was cured without manual Operation which is seldom seen because those Tumors are of the Nature of Imposthumes and are contained in a little bag so that when the matter hath been discussed they have been filled again If this Tumor cannot be cured with discussing Remedies you must open it which must be often done for it will not often be discussed You must not make a smal Orifice when you open it because the matter contained in the Bagg wil be again gathered and the bagg filled unto which the part being loose and soft is very much disposed but you must make a very long Incision through the height of the Tumor in both sides that the whol matter may be discharged at once then you must wash the Ulcer first with gentle things as the Decoction of Mallows and then with Clensers as white Wine and Honey of Roses or Diamoron and after with Oxymel till it be clean and free from the Bagg And finally to heal it up wash the mouth with red Wine in which Allum is dissolved Forestus Cured the like in a Woman by an Incision made on both sides and after by washing with Wine and Water mixed with a little Salt If the Disease be old and the Ulcer wil not be cured by the aforesaid Remedy let it be touched with Oyl of Sulphur twice every day mixed with Rose-water one drop of Oyl to six of Water for so the Distemper wil be corrected and the part dryed which must be often washed for confirmation with Red Wine with Allum dissolved in it If after the use of these the Disease return you must come to an actual Cautery the manner whereof is taught by Paraeus lib. 7. cap. 5. Chap. 3. Of the Taste being Hurt THE Taste as other Sences and al actions of the Body is hurt Three waies by being Diminished Abolished Depraved it is lessened when it scarce perceiveth remiss savors and strong savors but a little It is Abolished when it no waies perceiveth those savors whether they be great or little It is Depraved when the object seems to be of another taste The Causes of Diminishing and Abolishing the taste are the same only they differ in degrees for if they be light and weak they Diminish if great they Abolish the taste And these Causes are either a Defect of the Animal Spirit in the part or a Distemper of the Third pair of Nerves which come to the Tongue or the Tongue it self is Preternaturally affected The Spirits fail either by reason of their scarcity as in dying men or of the obstruction of the Nerves of the Third Conjugation by which they are carried or by reason of a Tumor bred in that part of the Head from whence those Nerves do arise The Tongue is either covered with a moist slimy matter or hath Tumors Pustuls or Ulcers and by these the proper action of taste may be diminished or abolished The Taste is Depraved when the Tongue is infected with an evil Humor as in Feavers when the Tongue is infected with Choller al things tasted are thought better otherwise if it be with salt flegm or melancholly al things appear to be salt or sowr for the outward objects being brought to the Tongue do move the vitious juyce of it which at that time striking upon the tongue most leaveth its savor thereon and so those things which are tasted seem to be of the same taste It happeneth also somtimes that the Tongue perceiveth the savors of the juyces contained in its self although no external Object be applied as Galen teacheth 1. de sympt caus cap. 4. And it is confirmed by daily Experience in men in Feavers whose tongue is covered with Choller which if it be very bitter they find a continual bitterness on the Tongue though they take nothing into their mouths The Diversity of the Causes aforesaid is known by the variety of the tasts and disposition of the Tongue for a sweet taste and redness of the Tongue signifieth blood bitterness and yellowness Choller whiteness with sweetness Flegm blackness and sharpness Melancholly a Nauseous taste sheweth that evil Humors are contained in the stomach Pustuls Tumors and Ulcers are manifest to the Eies And Lastly If the taste be hurt and there appear no change in the Tongue you must suppose that the Cause lieth in the Brain or Nerves The Cure is various according to the diversity of Causes and therefore if the Disease lie in the Brain or Nerves you must apply Remedies thereto especially such as use to be prescribed for the Cure of the Palzey but when the taste is depraved by ill Humors commonly that Symptom depends upon other Diseases especially upon Feavers which being Cured the Symptoms also are removed If the Taste be offended by Tumors the Cure thereof depends upon the Cure of the Tumors above mentioned Finally If it come from Pustles or Ulcers of the Tongue you must Cure them by blood letting and Purging of sharp Humors to which you may ad Cooling Drying and Binding Topicks in form of a Gargarism And if foul Ulcers be found let them be clensed with Honey of Roses with a little Oyl of Sulphur or Vitriol in such a quantity as may gently touch upon the Tongue Or if you wil Dry more violently Let the part Affected be often touched with the aforesaid Oyls pure and not mixed for so the Aphthe or Thrush and al Ulcers of the Mouth and Tongue are quickly Cured Chap. 4. Of the Palzey of the Tongue and the Hurt Motion thereof THE Chief Action of the Tongue is Speech and this is Abolished Diminished and Depraved by divers Causes which are referred to Similary Organick or Common Diseases As for the Similary A moist Distemper with Matter maketh the Tongue more soft and loose so that it cannot freely exercise its motions Dryness doth too much foul the Tongue as in Feavers But Organical or Diseases of the Instrument are when the Tongue is enlarged as we said before concerning Tumors which hinder the free motion of it also when the figure or shape of it is deformed as when the Tongue is naturally too short or by being partly cut off or if it be tyed too strait as also when the seventh pair of Nerves which come from the Brain to the Muscles which move the Tongue are stopped Lastly Common Diseases are Solutions of Continuity or Wounds in the part Too much moisture maketh Balbuties a kind of Stammering which keepeth men from prououncing of the Letter R. And this is either natural as in Children by reason of their much moisture who are Cured by age when the superfluous moisture is consumed But in some there is a moist distemper al their Life and they are alwaies stammerers of which Hippocrates speaketh Aph. 32. Sect. 6. thus Stammerers are most subject to long Fluxes of the Belly Galen in his Comments saith That they who naturally stammer have either a moist Brain or Tongue or both From the moist Brain much moisture may
although it be much dilated yet it takes in but little Air therefore the respiration is quick and often with snorting This is augmented by a Feaver by which the breath is hotter and the desire of cold air is greater The Pulse is great faint and soft by reason of Flegm and the looseness of the Lungs yet there is some hardness by the Choller and blood it is unequal from the compression of the Artery neer the Heart and in thick Humors most Somtimes it is intermitting watery vermicular when the Lungs are rotten by too much moisture There is a heavy pain that reacheth from the Breast to the Back somtimes it is between the Shoulders and somtimes under one only Shoulder and from thence communicated to the Throat and Pap Especially in a Cough somtimes they feel no pain til they begin to Cough somtimes there is also a pricking pain in the side when it is joyned with a Pleurisie as it often happeneth Although the Membrane that covers the Lungs be of the same nature with the Pleura as Galen taught 4. de loc affect cap. 5. Yet there is not so great pain in a Peripneumonia as in a Pleurisie for two Differences which are laid down by Galen in the place afore-cited The First is Because the Nerves that go to the Membrane of the Lungs are few and very little but they which go to the Pleura are many and great Th Other is Because the Breast consists of Bones and Flesh which wil not be stretched from whence the pain is greater But the Lungs are soft and yeilding and therefore their pain is less There is Redness in the Cheeks by reason of the hot vapors which fly into the head and carrying with them the thinner blood And this Colour is most in the Cheeks because their skin is thinnest There are besides these signs Heaviness Weakness and a Tossing with great sense of Heat in the whol Body The Tongue is Yellow and then it groweth Red a great thirst swelling of the Eyes and of the veins of the Temples There is a Delirium or Doting when it comes from Choller and a Coma when it comes from Flegm If the Disease comes of Chollerick blood the spittle wil be yellow the heat and thirst greater more difficulty of breathing with less Heaviness the air breathed forth is more hot the Feaver is very violent the Pulse swift the Delirium great the Water thin yellow and cleer the age time of the year the Country and Diet before do al attest for Choller If Flegm which is most ordinary produce the Disease the spittle wil be white viscous and froathy the Feaver burning of the Breast thirst and driness of the tongue wil be less the weight of the Breaâ—â— greater the Pulse slower and softer the Age old Habit of body time of the Yeer and the Country are cold and moist If the Disease come from pure Blood the Spittle wil be Red the Urin Red and Thick the Face more Red the Veins of the Temples more swoln with heaviness and distention of the whol body and other things that declare abundance of blood Lastly If Melancholly blood be the Cause the Spittle wil be black or blewish the Tongue black from the beginning dry and rough there wil be also heaviness and great sighing between breathing and al the signs of Melancholly predominating in the whol body The Prognostick of this Disease is thus to be made A Peripneumonia is more dangerous than a Pleurisie and for the most part deadly by reason of the necessity of respiration and the neerness of the Heart Celsus saith That this kind of Disease hath more Danger than Pain and for the most part Killeth But strength of Body less vehemency of Symptomes yellow Spittle not mixed with much Blood raised in the beginning a great flux of blood at the Nose in the Critical day or a flux of the Belly which is Chollerick and froathy or a flux of the Hemorrhoids or Terms do shew some hope of recovery Imposthumes about the Ears or inferior parts being well suppurated and kept open do foretel recovery as Hipp. in proga If a Peripneumonia be turned into a Pleurisie it is good and though it seldom happen as Galen teacheth Comment Aphor. 11. Sect. 7. because there is a going from a Disease more dangerous to one less dangerous And this transmutation is known by a pricking pain of the side coming thereupon and by abating the shortness of breath But the vehemency of the Disease and symptomes do declare a dangerous and deadly Peripneumonia as want of spittle continual watching a Delirium or Coma coldness of the extream parts snorting with great difficulty of breathing blewness and crookedness of the nails Moreover A Peripneumoma coming upon a Pleurisie is most dangerous as Hippocrates teacheth Aph. 11. Sect. 7. because the translation of a humor from an ignoble part to a more noble is evil and the strength being spent by the disease foregoing can endure the force of a new and worâ—e When the urine is thick in the beginning of the Disease and after before the fourth day it becomes thin death is at hand Hipp. in Coacis The Cure of the Peripneumonia is very like that of the Pleurisie and there must be first bleeding as much as the strength will permit once or twice in a day till the disease abate for since the Lungs are then full of blood and draw much from the heart which is inflamed you need not fear to let blood thrice four five or six times But if a Peripneumonia follow a Squinzy or Pleurisie you may let blood more warily because the strength is abated by the former Disease You must let blood from the Basilica Vein of both arms if the whol Lungs be equally affected or from either on that side the pain is or on which the Patient sets more weight or from which he supposeth he raiseth most spittle You must bleed women in this disease first in the Ancle Vein and after within six hours in the Arm except it be so desperate that you are constrained at the first to bleed in the Arm. In which case all the time you bleed and a little before you must apply Cupping-glasses to the Thighs But after if the strength will not permit further phlebotomy you must apply Cupping-glasses to the Shoulders and â—ack both dry and with Scarrification as much as the Patient can suffer Also Emollient and loosening Clysters are good revulsives but you must not use too strong purging Medicines therein lest you bring a flux of the Belly which is most dangerous in this Disease If a crude flegmatick humor coming from the head cause this disease or nourish it a Vesicatory laid to the hinder part of the Head doth very much good In the mean while use the Juleps and Emulsons prescribed in the Cure of a Pleurisie Anoint the breast with Oyl of Violets sweet Almonds or with fresh Butter or the like or with this Liniment Take of Oyl
Feaver which after is dispersed from the Heart into the whol body so al the parts being too cold and dry and receiving the intemperate putrifying heat do not wel concoct their nourishment but are ill nourished from whence you may plainly perceive a Consumption of the substance of the whol body for that Feaver by reason of its continuance from the perseverance of the Cause turneth Hectick and it s often joyned with a putrid Feaver which is known by the Urine and by the Distempers extraordinary at sometimes inâ—omuch that in some Consumptions you may observe sits of an intermitting Feaver A sharp and Corroding Humor either coming from other Parts or breeding in the Lungs is the immediate Cause of an Ulcer in the Lungs First sharp and salt Rhewm falls from the brain which being violent easily ulcerateth the Lungs Somtimes Flegm that is not sharp nor salt wil do the same namely if it lie long in them and putrifie and from the putrifaction ariseth an Acrimony which Corroding Ulcerateth yet this putrid flegm in the Lungs doth not alwayes ulcerate as we may observe in a Catarrh when putrid Matter is spet forth and the Lungs are sound But there are two Conditions for the Causing of an Ulcer one in respect of the matter flowing another in respect of the Lungs In respect of the Matter it is required that it should be so disposed that when it is putrified it begets a sharpness which may cause an Ulcer In respect of the Lungs they must be extraordinary tender and disposed to corruption which in a word is called a Vitious Constitution of the Lungs coming from the Parents usually of which we will speak hereafter Now the Humors that Exulcerate and putrifie the Lungs come from the parts adjoyning as the Pleura Mediastinum Diaphragma rough Artery and especially from an inflamation in them wâ—â—â—h comes to Suppuration and turns into an Empyema of which Hippocrates speaks Aphor. 15. Sâ— c. 5. They who fall from a Pleurisie into an Empyema if the Empyema break in fourty dayes and come away are Cured but if not they fall into a Consumption The Humor is in the Lungs when from some vessel broken corroded or opened by a wound the blood flowing doth putrifie or when an Ulcer is left there from the smal pox Somtimes from the evil Constitution of the Lungs evil Humors proceed which corrupt their substance and cause a Consumption and this comes commonly from the Parents from whence a Conâ—mption is reckoned among the Haereditary diseases of which it is the chief so that we may observe how many whol Families are taken away with this disease This evil Constitution of the Lungs is not in the first qualities but hath some malignant and venemous quality by which it becomes infectious Although we deny not but a soft and loose substance of the Lungs and therefore more fit for Corruption doth much conduce to the breeding of this Disease This evil Constitution of the Lungs causeth that some fal into Consumptions without a Distillation Inflamation or any other evident Cause but only from the fault of the part that corrupteth its own nourishment Somtimes it comes from a Pustulae bred in the Lungs and broken which by Hippocrates 1. de morbis is made two-fold One by him is called A Crude Pustule because it never comes to Suppuration but growing by degrees stops the passage of the breath and at length kils the Patient The other is that which cometh to Suppuration and is called the Imposthume of the Lungs and these come two wayes either by Defluxion or Congestion and the Matter gathered is either in a Bagg or without it in the very substance of the part The thickness of the Bagg often causeth that such an Imposthume is carried many yeers in the Lungs undiscovered and without any hurt to the body From whence Hippocrates saith Aph. 41. Sect. 6. They who have an Imposthume in the body and feel it not it is by reason of the thickness of the Matter or of the place wherein it is that they feel it not For this Cause many who seemed to be in perfect health have suddenly died by an Imposthume broken within of which there are Examples in Ferneâ—ius lib. 5. de morbis de part â—orb sympt c. 10. among which he mentioneth two Physitians who sore-â—aw the danger without signs If the matter which comes from the Imposthume broken flow into the Ventricle of the Heart the sick presently die but if it come to the Bronchia or passages in the Lungs it may be spit up if the body be strong and the matter little in quantity but commonly there is an ulcer remaining in the Lungs which causeth a Consumption Moreover There are external Causes as contagion which is the chiefest for this Disease is so infectious that we may observe Women to be infected by their Husbands and Men by their Wives and all their Children to die of the same not only from the infection of their Parents seed but from the company of him that was first affected And this Contagion is more easily communicated to them that are of kin wherefore it is not safe for a Brother or Sister to enter into the Chamber for the Miasmaza or vapors infective which come from their Lungs and infect the whol Air of the Chamber and being drawn in by others especially if they are any way disposed to the same Disease beget the same disease in their Lungs There are other external Causes especially very hot or cold Air the hot Air doth melt down the sharp humors which are contained in the Brain and sends them to the Lungs The too cold Air by astringing compressing and Squeezing doth cause the like defluxion But the Air in Autumn is most dangerous because by its inequality in heat and cold it causeth sharp and salt distillations whence Hippocrates saith Aph. 10. Sect 3. Autumn is the worst time for People in Consumptions Secondly Sharp and salt meats and drinks do cause a Consumption which sill the Head with salt and sharp vapors And lastly all those internal and external Causes which use to produce spitting of blood which useth to end in a Consumption may be said to be Causes thereof Among the Antecedent Causes evil humors throughout the whol body are accounted the chief which being moved by external causes are sent to the brain and from thence to the Lungs Among which you may reckon the suppression of the Terms Hemorrhoids or other usual evacuations which doth cause Catarrhs and defluxions The aforesaid Causes do produce this Disease especially among those whom Hippocrates calleth Phthirodeis and Pterugodeis that is such as have a straight and distressed breast a long neck and shoulder bones sticking forth who must of necessity fall into this disease if they have tender Lungs or any hereditary inclination thereunto Also they are inclined to a Consumption who have a weak Head which is easily filled winh superfluous Humors which are sent to the
both smal and evil proportioned The straightness of the Breast shews want of Natural heat and the evil proportion shews its weakness For if the Natural heat were much and vigorous the breast would have thereby been extended But such and so great is this disposition that Hippocrates calls it a Natural Consumption coming from a principle in Nature Wherefore they who are thus made must of necessity fall into a Consumption except some other disease take them off Which by the way is observable for if they have any acute disease who are thus inclined they seldom escape because the Natural heat is weak and little and therefore will easily be overcome by a strong disease Therefore the most wary Physitians in such kind of Natures and habits do use to prognostick rather death and danger than health or recovery when they fall into any disease In them who are inclinable to this Disease Youth is most dangerous according to Hippocrates Aph. 9. Sect. 5. especially from Eighteen to Thirty Five yeers in which time there is much blood for to break the vessels as also it is then thin and sharp more proper to open and corrode the Vessels In Children the Catarrh is made slow with much Moisture in Old Men it is allayed with Cold but in the Middle Age for the Reasons aforesaid it doth often exulcerate Moreover in Youth many distempers come by Diet by which many ill humors are produced and the blood infectedâ— as also by reason of violent exercise as running wrestling leaping fencing going in the sun a vein may be broken in the Lungs which may produce a Consumption The signs of a Consumption begun are set down by Hippocrates in his Book of Diseases before mentioned Text 10. in these words In progress of time the Lungs are exasperated and ulcerated within by the Catarrh putrifying there whereby the breast seems ponderous and there is a pain before and behind and there is more sharp heat in the body and the Lungs by reason of their heat draw moisture from the whol body and especially from the head which also is made hot from that body and spetteth forth thick matter In these Words there are Six Signs contained of a Consumption begun The First sign is That the Lungs are exasparated in progress of time that is The Cough is more violent for the Disease increasing the Distillation is stronger and the Lungs are peirced therewith and provoked to Cough forth that which hurteth them which Cough doth not only come from the matter flowing down but from that which flowed formerly for being not Coughed up it groweth foul by long continuance by which means the Lungs are more forced to expulsion The Second sign is The weight of the Breast which comes from the matter gathered into the Lungs For albeit the Lungs of themselves do feel little or nothing yet because they are tyed to the Breast by Membranes they perceive a weight when they are burdened A Third sign is A sharp pain before and behind for the matter contained in the Lungs doth with its evil quality offend them as wel as with its quantity and putrifaction by which the Membranes are pricked which cause great pain for the pain in the Membranes is alwayes pricking Now this pain is perceived before and behind because these Membranes are joyned before to the Sternon and behind to the Back and the cause of this pain is from a great Cough called by Hippocrates A Malignant or Cruel Cough The Fourth sign is When sharp Heat falls into the body and there followeth a violent Feaver for when through progress of time the matter putrifieth more it is probable that the Feaver wil be greater for although the matter from the beginning do only putrifie in the Lungs yet by reason of the Suppuration made in the Breast with an Ulcer the filth is communicated to the humors contained in the Veins from which come divers sorts or putrid Feavers and these differ from that Feaver which comes only from the Ulcer in the Lungs through the filthy vapors which are carried from them into the Heart which turns to an Hectick and therefore in a Consumption there is a Hectick Feaver often joyned with a Putrid The Fifth sign is When a great quantity of Flegm falls from the Head to the Lungs which Hippocrates confirms when he shews the Cause of that great Defluxion namely The Lungs by their Heat drawing Flegm from the whol body Hence it is that the humors contained in the whol body are the matter of a continual and great Flux which doth so trouble men in Consumptions The Lungs by the filth which they have contracted grow hot by which heat Flegm is drawn from the Brain which the Brain fetcheth from the whol Body And this is one of the principal Causes of the extenuation or the whol body for al the humors good and bad are carried to those parts and so the whol body decayeth The Sixth sign is Spetting of thick rotten Flegm for when the Matter putrifieth and there is an Ulcer quittor or filth must needs come from thence and therefore the Spittle is Mattery but it is between thick and thin for after that it hath by long continuance in the Lungs grown thick it is made thinner by the addition of that which breaks from the Ulcer and so it becomes moderate which Hippocrates calls Subcrassum or Thickish To these mentioned Signs of Hippocrates you may ad this as most certain namely The Extenuating the body with a lingering and constant Feaver For besides the putrid Feavers above mentioned which come and go by fits and grow from the humors which putrifie in the Veins there is also alwayes present a lingering daily Feaver coming from the vapors sent from the Ulcer to the Heart which corrupteth the nourishment of the whol body and makes it dry and hot from whence the body must needs grow extenuated To there you may ad Sweatings at Night with which men in Consumptions are often troubled as soon as they begin to sleep for by sleep the Heat is drawn in which encreaseth the Inflamation of the Lungs and the heat inwardly increased causeth abundance of vapors which are thickned in the skin and turned into sweat Moreover There is a continual rigor which comes from the sharpness of the matter which pricketh the Membranes And Lastly You may ad sweetness of spittle which useth to come when it begins to Suppurate which is the original of Saltness Hippocrates shews also the signs of a Consumption confirmed in his 11. Text of the Book above mentioned in these words The longer this Disease lasteth the more absolute matter will be spet and the Feavers be the sharper the Cough more frequent and strong the body will more consume and yet the body is disturbed downward from Flegm and this comes from the Brain when any man comes to this he must perish In these Words we may observe that there are Five Signs of a Consumption confirmed The First
part which quickly is gonâ— but you must gather the Nature and quality of the Vapor by the signs of the Humor which aboundeth in any part because vapors do alwaies arise from Humors If the Palpitation come from Humors in the Heart the Disease doth not come so suddenly and continueth longer and you may know what kind of humor it is by the signs of the Humor which abounds throughout the whol Body And especially if it be from Blood from which it most often proceedeth and this is known by a divers and unequal Pulse somtimes great somtimes smal slow and swift to which the Breathing answereth in proportion the Patients heart seemeth to be bound and oppressed as appears by the exceeding heat distension of the Veins redness of Face the time being Spring the Age Region and Diet causing Blood to abound That which comes by consent from other parts is known by the proper signs of the parts affected so we know that it is from the stomach when there is want of Appetite loathing vomiting of base Humors and gnawing at the Stomach A troublesom breathing about the Pancreas or Spleen or any other disease of the Spleen sheweth that the matter lurketh there from whence the vapors fly to the Heart so suppression of the Terms and Hysterical fits declare that it comes from the Womb. The Water abounding in the Pericardium is harder to be known but we may conjecture if the Pulse be weak and faint and the Patient bemoaneth himself that his heart as it were is somtimes in Water and is suffocated and if it be constant and he incline to an Atrophy or Hectick If malignant humors cause it there will be great change in the Pulse a loss of strength somtimes fainting and other signs of malignity If it come from a Tumor there is remarkable variety in the Pulse and the motion of the Heart is different from the natural very unequal and inordinate and if the humor be hot there will be great inflamation in the Body great thirst difficulty of breathing and fainting will follow with death but if the Tumor be hard and in the Pericardium the disease is constant and the Patient decayes by degrees without any manifest cause if flesh or any more solid thing grow to the heart there will be a continual Palpitation from the beginning of the Disease to the end of Life Lastly You may know when it comes by want of Spirits by the precedent causes which destroyed the Spirits and by the quick and smal pulse and when it comes from the least labor or motion Somtimes the like befals them that are well from walking or other motion with a change of Pulse and a resembling Palpitation The Prognostick is to be taken thus It is dangerous from the hinderance of the motion of the Heart by which Life is preserved and it brings Syncopes and death For it is a true Observation of Galen Com. Aph. 41. Sect. 2. and 5. de loc aff cap. 2. All that in youth or in declining age are troubled with the Palpitation of the Heart very much die before they are old for the often Palpitation is a sign that the Vital faculty was very weak A Palpitation by Propriety is worse than by consent and somtimes deadly And that which is of an internal is worse than that which comes of an external Cause unless it be from poyson or some great wound If it come from a Tumor or solution of Unity it is incurable The Cure is various according to the variety of the Causes and first that which comes from a peculiar distemper of the Heart and Pericardium is incurable therefore we must look only at the Cure of that which is by consent which depends upon the divers diseases of the parts whose Cure must be sought in their proper Chapters But besides those Remedies which take away the Cause you must use those which asswage the Symptomes by refreshing the Heart and strengthening it and which discuss the vapors which arise from melancholly or crude waterish Humors as Cordial Juleps Opiates Epithems Perfumes which are prescribed in weakness and these that follow Take of Conserve of Balm Rosemary-flowers Borrage-flowers and Clove-gilly-flowers of each one ounce Confection of Acorns and old Treacle of each one dram the Pouder of Diamber and Diamoschi dulcis of each one scruple with the Syrup of Citron Barks make an Opiate which let him take often Take of Bugloss Rose and Orenge-flower Water of each two ounces the syrup of Clove-gilly-flowers one ounce and an half Cinnamon Water half an ounce the spirit of Roses two drams Confection of Acorns one dram mix them and give two spoonfuls now and then This following Liquor which immitateth the Juyce of Hearts described in the following Chapter is good Take of Hogs or Sheeps Hearts three Cinnamon and Cloves of each one dram Lettice and Sorrel seeds of each one dram and an half white Wine two ounces Borrage Scabious and Rose Water of each one ounce and an half Confection of Alkermes one dram boyl them all between Two Dishes and let him take two spoonfuls of the Liquor morning and evening Take of Red Roses and Rosemary-flowers of each two drams Lavender flowers one dram Angelica seeds Citron peels Cloves Cinnamon and Mace of each half a dram Saffron one scruple Musk and Amber-greece of each six grains Make a Bag with red Silk and sprinkle it with Rose water and white Wine and apply it warm to the Heart Take of Oyntment of Roses half an ounce Oyl of Cinnamon and Cloves of each six drops Musk and Amber-greece of each four grains Mix it for a Liniment for the heart Purging Clysters and Carminative to expel Wind are often to be given But in the Fit it is best to open a vein And Galen witnesseth 5. de loc aff cap. 2. That he never did it without profit Some apply Cupping Glasses without Scarrification to the Breast which they say are excellent to discuss Wind there contained Others to the Hypochondria when the matter of the Disease is there But Zacutus Lusitanus applied a Cupping Glass with Scarrification to the heart with wonderful success as you may read in prax admir obs 133. lib. 1. Others commend true Rhapontick given to two scruples in Wine or Wine wherein the same hath been steeped Chap. 3. Of WEAKNESSE ALthough Weakness of Strength doth generally comprehend the hinderance of al Actions Animal Vital and Natural yet more particularly it comprehends the Vital which are known by a Weak Pulse yet this Weakness useth to be found in al great Diseases in which Nature doth yeild or resist the Cause Therefore as in Palpitation the Action of the Heart that is Pulsation is depraved so in Weakness it is diminished Which is the same with a Syncope but it differs in this In a Syncope it is so little that it is hardly perceived but in Weakness the Pulse is manifest and not so little In this also the Animal Faculty is
and they are eâ—pecially troubled therewith who are Melanchollick have Obstructions or want their usual Flux of the Haemorrhoids It is Disputed much among Authors Whether a Depraved Appetite require those Things which are like to the Preternatural State or Distemper of the Stomach or those that are Contrary Galen raised the first Dispute cap. 3. artis parvae where he teacheth That the Stomach being distempered doth desire Contraries and in its natural state and temper it desireth things like to its self Which Doctrine Avicen following Fen. 13. lib. 3. tract 2. cap. 10. speaks thus When there is an evil Humor gathered in the stomach different in quality from its own nature then it doth require things contrary to it therefore some desire Clay Coals Earth Loam Chalk and the like by reason of the quality that is in them to dry up and cut that which is contrary to the quality of the Humors But they who are in health desire judicially rather things like than contraries for since fancy is much imployed in stirring up of Appetite and is much stirred up from the disposition of the body it is probable that the humor predominating should move the fancy to desire things like unto it For as chollerick men both in time of health and sickness do dream of Fire and Anger and Flegmatick men of Snow Ice and Waters the Apprehension of which things proceeds from the Humors predominating in the body So when the seat of Appetite the mouth of the Stomach is affected by foul humors there long conâ—inuing they do imprint their similitudes in the Fancy which stirs up the Appetite to desire things like it though never so contrary to reason which is now overcome by the force of imagination Moreover If things contrary to the disease or its cause were desired by the continual use thereof the disease would be cured daily experience confirmeth this By which we are taught That Virgins in the Green-sickness and Women with Child do for the most part desire those things which are agreeable to their present Distemper and evil Habit so that they who have Salt and Adust Humors long for Coals Salt Spices and the like but they who have Melancholly or Salt Flegm predominating desire Vinegar green Fruits and the like As for the Authority of Galen some wholly reject it saying That if it were true That Diseased Dispositions should desire their Contraries al sick men of evil Habit would desire Meat of good nourishment which is not true for we often see that sick men desire evil meats and refuse good and we see that bodies inflamed whether they are in a preternatural state as in Feavers or in a natural as by violent exercise require cooling Some desire to Reconcile this Opinion of Galens saying That in this Pica the distemper upon the Stomach is habitual and connatural and therefore doth cause an Appetite like to a natural which is for things like it which may be thus explained When we say that every natural temper doth require the like and every preternatural the contrary the last is to be understood of distempers which come without overflowing moisture for they which are with much moisture when it is sucked up by the tunicles of the Stomach do rather desire things like the moisture with which they are wet because the Humor which now pierceth al the Tunicles although it be noxious yet it is not troublesome On the contrary when the humor only possesseth part only of the Stomach or is only in the bottom the Stomach desires the contrary to that which is offensive unto it but if it possess the whol Stomach and be soaked into its Tunicles then the natural Faculty is destroyed and so changed that it doth not desire any thing but what is like to the Humor so soaked in and so it may be rightly said that the humors was become as it were connatural Platerus and Sennertus do easily free themselves from these difficulties by flying to an occult quality and they take occasion from hence if the Patients so affected should require things like to the cause of the disease then by the plentiful use of them the disease would be exceedingly encreased but we see that they wil devour Chalk Clay Coals and the like trash and receive not the least hurt thereby by which men that are sound would be almost killed Moreover They say that Women with Child wil often void salt and sowr humors and yet not require salt or sowr things but the contrary And lastly they affirm constantly that there is no agreement of Coals Chalk raw Flesh and the like with the Humors And therefore they say that they must not rest in manifest qualities and that the Cause of this Symptome and wonderful Appetite cannot be taken from them but they must fly to some occult quality not to be explained Yet Sennertus confesseth that it is probable that this Appetite depraved should proceed rather from a like than a contrary quality but what that quality is cannot be explained because the things which are desired have no agreement with the humors either sweet salt or sowr in manifest qualities We may Reconcile al these thus The desire of Trash is stirred up by humors of the like nature and temper but these humors besides their native temper have a certain peculiar fault from corruption which since it cannot be wel explained it may be called an Occult Quality The Knowledg of this Disease is easie for the Patient can relate it it is manifest that the part affected is the mouth of the Stomach for that is the Seat of Appetite The Cause also may be found out by conjecture from the supposed desire of things like For if they desire Coals Salt and the like we may gather that the disease depends upon Salt and burnt humors which will more cleerly appear if any of those Humors be cast forth by vomit or stool if there be sharp belchings or salt a tast bitter sowr or salt As to the Prognostick This Disease is Chronical of continuance but not very dangerous if the Body by Nature or Art may be brought to its old condition which is not very difficult For in time the Humor offending may be sent forth by vomiting naturally or by Medicines and the Terms or Haemorrhoids stopt which caused this disease first may in time be discharged which if neglected and Nature sinks under the burden great diseases follow For when the first Concoction is hurt it is necessary that the second and third be corrupted from whence come great Obstructions evil habits and dropsies Or if the Humor be carried in greater plenty to the Stomach and partake of greater Malignity somtimes it produceth violent Cardialgiaes or Heart diseases from whence fainting swooning and somtimes death doth follow If Women in this disease begin to abstain from trash and to eat good meat with less disdain it is a most certain sign of health at hand Women with Child use to be freed of this
by reason of the superfluous Humor which is contained in the Veins being an Enemy to Nature yet it cannot be denied but it is greatly decayed by those grievous vomits and stools It is better therefore first to allay the violence of the Humors and after the symptomes are asswaged to open a Vein And because in this Disease the strength quickly fails by strong evacuations you must be very careful in the restoring of it by that way which is shewed in the Cure of weakness in the eighth Book and the third Chapter Chap. 10. Of Pain in the Stomach called Dolor Ventriculi IT is a sad and troublesom sence in that part from some things that gnaw and stretch it till it break or be wounded In the Stomach you must consider three parts which much differ one from the other namely it s upper Orifice and its lower called Pylorus and the rest of its Body which maketh up the whol Cavity The upper Orifice is of exquisite sence by reason of the great Nerve which it hath from the sixth Conjugation and therefore pain therein is very sharp and makes the Heart which is the most noble part and neer unto it sensible of the same from thence it is called Cardialgia and Cardiogmos for there is such a neer consent between the mouth of the Stomach and the Heart that the Ancients called it by the name of the Heart Cardia But if the Membranes of the Cavity or the Pylorus be pained it is called simply Dolor Ventriculi and somtimes Colica Ventriculi especially when it comes of wind The immediate Cause of this pain is solution of Continuity by things sharp and distending and they are chiefly Humors or Wind and somtimes Worms gnawing the Tunicles Sharp and malignant Humors as green Choller or black salt Flegm corrupt Matter sent into the Stomach from an Imposthume broken in the Liver or Breast and all other sharp Humors which may cause pain Also sharp vapors coming from those Humors use to cause this pain The Wind contained in the Cavity of the Stomach doth cause swelling and painful distension especially if it be restrained within its Tunicles which makes a very stubborn Disease and cannot easily be sent out The Diseases both of the Stomach it self and of the parts adjoyning use to breed this pain as any great distemper either hot or cold and especially an Inflamation and somtimes a Schirrus or other hard Tumor which maketh a heavy pain as also Wounds and Ulcers of the same part and swellings in parts adjoyning by wind or other waies cause this pain by compression of the Stomach Now these Humors and Winds which cause pain in the Stomach either come from the whol Body or some parts thereof From the whol Body in Feavers or when the Body is filled with evil Humors And from other parts especially the Liver Spleen and Brain from the Liver there comes Choller from the Spleen Melancholly and from the Head salt Flegm Also this pain may arise from other extraordinary Causes not usual as Schenkius observes from stones bred in the Stomach lib. 3. observat And Fabricius Hildanus observ 33. lib. 4 reports that a Woman had a piece of Rind or rusty Bacon two yeers in her Stomach wherewith she was continually pained and which after by taking a Vomit she threw up and was cured The external Causes of this Disease are either evil qualified or of sharp Nourishment which of themselves produce it or things apt to breed Wind or things taken in too great a quantity which putrifie and turn sharp or things that are too hot and breed much Choller As also strong sharp deadly Medicines either taken in too great a quantity or not sufficiently corrected and poyson The Diagnostick Signs are from the part affected and the cause And first when the pain is under the Cartilage Ensiformis or Xiphoides it shews that the upper Orifice of the Stomach is affected but that it is a true Cardialgia in the mouth of the Stomach you may know more certainly when there is a most sharp pain from the exquisite sence of the part with such trouble and disturbance that the Patient cannot stay in a place or in one posture but often swounds and fainteth by consent and sympathy of the Heart with the Stomach not only by neerness to it but also by reason of the dissipation of the Spirits by the pain Somtimes the Brain consents by Reason of the famous Nerve which is in the Stomach and the sharp vapors which are directly sent into the Head from thence from whence come Cephalalgia Hemicrania Vertigo and Epilepsie In other parts of the Stomach there are great pains but they have not so great Symptomes and therefore they are like the Chollick differing only in place The Causes also are known by their proper signs The most manifest are taken from the Excrements for Choller Flegm Wind or Worms are voided at the Mouth or Belly it is easie to conjecture that the Disease depends upon these Causes But if no Humor be discharged we may know when Choller Flegm or Wind abounds by their proper signs and the signs of Worms are to be taken out of their proper Chapter As also the proper diseases both of the Stomach and parts adjoyning which produce this Disease are known by their proper signs The knowledg of the Humor causing this pain is also taken from the time of its coming encrease and cessation Some are troubled most violently before meat and this shews that Choller is predominant which is stirred in time of emptiness and drawn to the Stomach and made more sharp Some are pained presently after meat because the raw biting Humors which before were quiet and fixed to the Tunicles of the Stomach are moved when Meat is taken or they which were in the bottom of the Stomach are raised up and disturb the mouth of the Stomach Others are pained in time of Concoction because sharp gnawing vapors arise from the Matter causing the Disease from the heat encreased in the Stomach in time of Concoction Others are pained four or five hours after meat because it is corrupted by evil concoction and so gnaweth the Stomach Some are worst after sleep and that comes from a Catarrh from the Head in the time of sleeping which being heaped up in the Stomach produceth pain afterwards Somtimes the pain is appeased after Meat because the sharpness of the Humors is qualified by the sweetness of the Meat As for the Prognostick it is most certain that Cardialgia is more dangerous than any other disease of the Stomach by reason of the exquisite sence of the Mouth of the Stomach and its great consent with principal parts The danger is more or less according to the malignity of the Cause and the vehemency of the symptomes A continual acute Feaver joyned with a great pain of the Stomach threateneth great danger as Hippocrates saith Aph. 65. Sect. 5. In Feavers if there be great heat about the Stomach and
strain them Let him take two ounces twice or thrice in a day If the pain be great you may give the Syrup of Poppy Let his Drink be barley Water with Syrup of Violets taken cold In the progress of the Disease you must mix other Medicines with the aforesaid which may help to dissolve To this end you may prescribe these following Juleps Take of the Syrup of Water Lillies Apples and of the Juyce of Purslain of each one ounce Syrup of Sea Wormwood half an ounce Lettice Sorrel and Fennel Water of each three ounces the pouder of Diamargariton frigid one dram Make a Julep for three Doses to be taken twice in a day To these you may adrestoring Opiates Narcoticks and the like all which are to be varied many waies according to the Judgment and Wisdom of the Physitian Turpentine washed with Wormwood Water if it be given twice or thrice doth either dissolve or maturate the Imposthume of the Stomach Let this following Fomentation be applied in the beginning Take of Sorrel Roots two ounces Endive Succory and Mallows of each one handful Lettice and white Poppy seeds of each three drams white and red Sanders of each half a dram Violets and Water Lillies of each one pugil Make a Decoction adding a little Rose Vinegar Let the Stomach be fomented warm therewith Or make one with the distilled Waters of Lettice and Water Lillies with a little Vinegar and Pouder of Triasantalon After fomenting let the part be anointed with Oyl of Roses and Violets mixed or with this following Take of Oyl of Roses one ounce and an half Oyl of Violets and Rose Vinegar and of the Juyce of Sowthistle of each half an ounce Boyl them to the consumption of the Juyces then ad of red Sanders one dram red Roses half a dram Lavender and Camphire of each half a scruple as much Wax as will make an Oyntment Cataplasms in the beginning are not good because they burden the part with their weight and by retaining the heat encrease the Inflamation In the declination when the Tumor is resolved which is chiefly to be desired you may apply a dissolving Fomentation made thus Take of Flower deluce Roots two ounces the Leaves of Mints Marjoram Penyroyal Sea Wormwood of each one handful Annis and Foenugreek seeds of each two drams Grains of Kermes one dram the flowers of Stoechas Rosemary Chamomel of each one pugil Make a Decoction adding in the end a little white Wine With this foneent the Stomach After fomenting anoint the part with Oyl of Wormwood Nutineg Spike and the like of which you may make an Oyntment with a little Wax and Pouder Orris Root or Cinnamon But Emplasters and Cataplasms because they burden the part with their weight are not here good But if the Tumor tend to Suppuration foment the part with the Decoction of the Flowers of Chamomel and red Roses Then apply this following Cataplasm Take of Althoea Roots two ounces Brank Vrsine and Roses of each one handful Boyl them well and beat them together then ad of Barley meal Lin-seed Foenugreek and pouder of Chamomel of each half an ounce white and red Sanders of each two drams with Oyl of Roses and Chamomel With a little Hens Grease make a Cataplasin often to be renewed After the Imposthume is broken let the Ulcer be clensed with Hydromel given in a smal quantity To which you may ad the Manna of Frankinsence according to Galens Precept Or give it with Barley Water with Sugar of Roses in the beginning in time of heat When the Ulcer groweth old of what Cause soever it come either from sharp corroding Humors or burning Medicines or Poyson Broths of cool Herbs and drying of Barley Almonds and Sugar of Roses or new Milk with Sugar and a little Honey are very good At length Chalybeate Milk and Iron Water for ordinary drink or Water wherein a piece of Bole-Armenick or Terra Sigillata hath been steeped is very excellent To which you may put a little sharp Wine if there be but little heat in the part Then give this Apozeme Take of Barley one pugil Scabious Agrimany Burnet and Maiden-hair of each half a a handful Melone seeds two drams red Roses dried one pugil make a Decoction to one pint in which dissolve three ounces of Syrup of dried Roses Make an Apozeme for four doses to be reapted often Also the Decoction of China is excellent for internal Ulcers when there is no Feaver taken twenty daies or more sweating gently for so the Ulcer will be dried by degrees But if you fear a consumption boyl the China Root aforesaid in Chicken Broth or Pidgeon Broth with the aforesaid Herbs and Barley made clean In an old Ulcer the drinking of Mineral Waters either of Vitriol Iron or Allum for a Month together are very good In the whol time of the Disease to keep the Stomach clean use gentle Purges as Rhubarb Tamarinds Myrobalans Syrup of Roses and Diacatholicon taken once in a week Lastly To heal up the Wound use these following Take of Bole-armenick Terra Sigillata red Coral and Blood-stone wash'd all in Rose Water of each one dram Sanguis Draconis Gum Arabick and Traganth of each half a dram white Poppy seeds bruised and parched Hypocistis Frankinsence and Sarcocol of each one scruple Sugar of Roses one ounce Make a Pouder of which take a dram in Plantane Water or Conserve of Roses every day Or make an Opiate of the same Pouder with Conserve of Comphry and Roses Syrup of Quinces and Myrtles Or you may make Troches of the same Pouder with the Mucilage of Fleabane seeds or Gum Traganth All which the Patient may use by turns lest he grow weary of the same Outwardly to close the Ulcer you may apply to the Stomach a Fomentation of the Decoction of Wormwood Roses Pomegranate peels Galls Pomegranate Flowers Myrtles Frankinsence Mastich or the like And lastly anoint the part with an astringent Oyntment or apply an astringent Emplaster The End of the Ninth Book THE TENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Intestines or Guts The PREFACE THE Perfection of all Nourishment consists in these Three Operations to Ingest Digest and Egest that is To take in Concoct and send forth The first respects the Appetite The second the Concoction belongs to the Stomach But the third respects the Intestines whose office of Egestion or sending forth being moderate and according to the rules of Nature brings great benefit to the whol Body On the contrary if it be defective as in the binding of the Belly or abound as in divers Fluxes there arise divers greivous Diseases Moreover the reteining of superfluous things doth cause Chollicks Iliacks and Hemorrhoids And finally putrifactions in the Guts doth not only produce Fluxes but Worms That all these may be severally Explained this Book shall contain Eleven Chapters The First is of the Chollick The Second of the Iliack Passion The Third of binding of the Belly The
Fourth of Lienterla or Coeliack Diseases The Fift of Diarrhoea The Sixth of Dysentery The Seventh of Tenesmus The Eight of the Hepatick Flux The Ninth of the Worms The Tenth of the Flux of the Hemorrhoids The Eleventh of the pain of the Hemorrhoids Chap. 1. Of the Chollick THe Chollick takes its Name from the part affected which is the Gut called Colon which is long and winding and ordained for receiving the Excrements of almost al the Body these Excrements retained too long use to cause this pain Therefore the Causes of the Chollick are excrementitious Matter which by distending pricking or corroding can make a Solution of Continuity and these are either Winds or Humors Winds are bred of Crudities or a cold Distemper of the Stomach or Intestines and if they be not sent forth by reason of the hard excrements or other things that obstruct the Intestines they are in great plenty shut up in the Guts especially the Colon and make a very violent pain Also gross Humors Cold and Flegmatick being fastened upon the Tunicles of the Guts cause the same pain both by gnawing if they are sharp or salt as also by cooling the part which by conâ—equence must suffer Constriction and Divulsion as Galen speaks of himself That having had a great Fit of the Chollick did void glassy Flegm that was actually cold and by producing Wind which is easily raised from a gross slimy and slow Humor by a weak heat Lastly Chollerick and sharp Humors as also Melanchollick and sowr by pricking and twiching the Guts make these pains but we may doubt in the action of these Causes how the Chollick should be somtimes more violent somtimes more remiss since the same matter remaineth in the Intestines To which Doubt we thus Answer That the matter doth somtimes lie quiet and then it causeth none or very little pain but somtimes it is moved and stirred up by divers Fermentations which happen among the Humors as in an Epilepsy the sits of the Mother and Agues But you must observe diligently that those Winds or Humors do not only remain in the Cavity of the Guts for then were they easily excluded by evacuating clensing and carminative Medicines but for the most part they are fixed to the very Coates of the Guts whence it comes that they are not so easily taken off but they make a long and a stubborn Disease which wil not easily be cured So thick Flegmatick and Melanchollick humors to flow by degrees through the veins of the Cuts into their substance and do not presently cause pain but til they so encreaâ—e that they provoke nature to expel them and so being moved they cause pain or send out Vapors which being included in the Tunicles of the Intestines do stretch and extend them and finding no passage cause a long pain And Choller being after the same manner spread and sucked into the veins of the Guts and the Tunicles thereof doth stir up sharp pains which use to be long because the Choller is very hard to be pulled from the substance of the Guts There is another kind of Chollerick Chollick which turns into a Palsie not known to the Antients which comes of a Chollerick Humor not in the Gut Colon as the former but suddenly sent into the Membranes of the Abdomen and it is carried thither from the Cystis or bladder of Gall or the Mesentery in the Crisis of continual Feavers or from great anger or some other external Cause when by reason of Obstructions it cannot be sent by the common passages but by a preposterous motion it is presently sent to the aforesaid Membranes of the Abdomen hence comes a cruel pain like that of the Chollick which neither by Clysters Formentations or other Medicines can be Cured but continueth many Months by which means the body consumeth somtimes it is like an intermitting Feaver somtimes and often like a continual lingring Feaver and at length when the pain begins to cease there is a Palsie by reason the Humor gets by degrees into the back by the Membranes of the Abdomen This Palsie doth trouble the upper parts most but the Thighs and Legs commonly are pained in some they are wholly resolved and made numb because the Choller being light flyeth to the upper parts Somtimes it gets into the Brain and begets Epileptick Convulsions from whence death commonly ensueth There are other Causes of the Chollick but less usual namely Stones bred in the Guts and knots of Worms which stop them The compression of the Guts from Tumors in the adjoyning parts or narrowness by reason of Inflamation and other Tumors of the Intestines or Contorsion or twisting of them by reason of Wind which is the way to the Iliack Passion somtimes also the Matter causing the Chollick is Poysonous and Malignant and makes a Pestilent Chollick as Paulus Aegineta reports That a Pestilent Chollick in Italy infected most of the Roman Provinces Finally al hard Bodies by Obstructing and Distending the Guts may make a Chollick as stones bred there many Cherry-stones swallowed hard Cheese and the like Platerus reports That a certain Governor long laboring of the Chollick with Convulsions after the use of Clysters voided a great quantity of hard Cheese which had a long time stuck in his Guts because before his Sickness he had eaten immoderately thereof The External Causes are Cold Air which constringe and indurate the Belly or too Hot Air by which the Excrements grow hard and loose their moisture the use of meat and drink not agreeing with the Constitution as raw Fruits and binding gross meats and hard of digestion too much rest and immoderate sleep unseasonable exercises immoderate venery and other External Causes which disturbe the Concoction of the Stomach The Knowledge of this Disease generally is easie For first the pain is very sharp for if it be light it cannot be called a true Chollick from the Opinion of Galen lib. 6. de loc aff cap. 2. And it is somtimes moveable somtimes more in one place than in another somtimes in the region of the Liver somtimes of the Spleen Stomach Reins somtimes above somtimes beneath the Navel and oftentimes it is most upon the left side in which as Bauhinus first observ'd there is a little streightness for when the Excrements in the upper and widest part of the Colon grow into hard lumps according to its Capacity great and then by Wind are driven into a streighter part they must needs pass with much pain in which Symptome the Chollick and the Spleen and the Stone are not distinguished but by comparison of other signs for somtimes the pain is like an Auger boring or a Stick fastened more fixed in some part When the Stomach consenteth there is vomiting of Flegm Choller that is green or the like After Meat the pain is greater because the Stomach being filled compresseth the Intestines The Belly for the most part is bound so that the Patient cannot so much as break wind and if any
is somtimes a gnawing in the Stomach a heat in the Hypochondria there is great thirst sharp excrements and chollerick As for the Prognostick Thus Lientery and Coeliack Passion lasting long is dangerous because it catcheth a way the nourishment from the whol body from whence comes an Atrophy or a Dropsie and if it follow great and acute Diseases it useth to be deadly The Cure of this Disease is to be altered according to the variety of the Causes that produce it And First That which cometh from Flegm may be Cured by those Remedies which were propounded for the Cure of Want of Appetite coming of a cold Cause Chusing those things which are most Astringent to stay the Fux of the Belly Therefore you must begin with Purging of the peccant humor with Medicines made of Aloes Rhubarb and Myrobalans Clysters are here of little force while the Stomach is chiefly distempered except an immoderate Flux do require them and then they must be Astringent and strengthening according to the Forms which shal be propounded in the following Cures After Purging sufficiently you must strengthen the Stomach with Opiats Pouders Fomentations Plaisters and other Remedies mentioned in the place above quoted in which as I said you must not omit Astringents as Mastich Citron peels Coriander seeds Snake-weed Roots Tormentil Coral c. And besides others the Opiate following which is greatly Commended by Amatus Lusitanus is Convenient by which he saith he Cured an Old man after many other Medicines failed Take of Conserve of old Roses six ounces of the best Treacle six drams Syrup of Quinces as much as will make an Opiate of which let him take half an ounce in the morning not drinking presently after That which comes of Choller is to be cured by those Remedies which were laid down against Chollerick Vomiting as also by those which shal be described in the Cure of a Chollerick Diarrhoea That which comes from the imbecillity of the Retentive Faculty in a deadly or at least dangerous Disease is to be cured first with Fomentations applied to the Region of the Stomach thus made Take of the Roots of Snakeweed Tormentil and dried Citron peels of each two ounces the Leaves of Mints Plantane and Sea Wormwood of each one handful Nuâ—meg Cloves and Cinnamon of each three drams red Roses four pugils beat them and cut them according to art and fill two bags pinked therewith and steep them in equal parts of Iron Water and red astringent Wine or in Wine alone if there be no great Feaver and let them be applied to the Stomach warm one after another After wards use this Oyntment or some Emplaister made of those which are prescribed for Chollerick Vomiting Also anoint the whol Belly with Oyls or astringent Liniments Give Clysters of Broth in which red Roses have been boyled dissolving therein Sugar and Yolks of Eggs and somtimes Confectio de Hyacintho if the Patient be very weak And finally You may give at the Mouth strengthening and astringent things as in the Cure of Vomiting before mentioned as also thus which shal be shewed for the flux of the Belly In a Coeliack Passion the Food is sent forth crude and imperfectly concocted It only differs from Lientery in degree and is cured with the same Remedios But if the stools be altogether Chylous this Disease doth not depend upon the fault of the Stomach but upon the obstruction of the Meseraick Veins which is usual especially in Children And therefore it is to be cured by Remedies which open obstructions and strengthen the Liver because that is commonly also weak but you must use no astringents least another kind of flux should sollow These Medicines are at large set down in the Cure of the Diseases of the Liver Chap. 5. Of Diarrhoea Dlarrhoea is that kind of flux of the Belly by which the excrementitious Humors are sent forth without Blood or Food and without the Ulceration of the Intestines By the Conditions of Diarrhoea properly so called is distinguished from other kinds of fluxes because in Lientery and Coeliack Passion the Food is cast forth unconcocted or half concocted in a Dysentery and Tenesmus Blood is mixed with the Excrements as in the flux of the Liver called Hepaticus and in the Haemorrhoidal Many are the Differences thereof which that they may be cleerly explained are to be referred to three Heads The first whereof respects the Matter which is voided the second the place from whence it comes the third the Manner and efficient Cause which produceth the flux of the Belly In respect of the Matter voided this flux is divided into a Chollerick Flegmatick Melanchollick and serous or watery In respect of the place from whence it comes either it comes from the whol Body or some peculiar Part as the Brain Stomach Guts Liver Spleen Mesentery Womb and other Parts Thirdly In respect of the Manner and Efficient Cause one Diarrhoea is Critical another Symptomatical one comes from an internal Cause as a distemper or evil disposition of the internal parts another from an external as from some Medicine or Poyson These Differences are seldom found single but they are often complicated in one and the same flux So a Chollerick flux is from the Liver or the whol Body a Flegmatick from the Brain or Stomach a Melanchollick from the Spleen and a Serous from the whol Body Also these Differences are complicated from a divers mixture of Humors so that somtimes Choller Flegm and Water are sent forth by the same flux There is another kind of Diarrhoea different from the rest which is called Syntectice or Colliquativa coming from the melting away of the substance of the Body and Humors by the violent hot distemper of the solid parts such as happeneth somtimes in the Inflamation of the Bowels in a strong burning Feaver hectick or pestilential in which a fat Matter as it were mixed with Oyl or Grease is voided Lastly Fluxus stercorosus or a dungy flux is another kind in which much liquid excrement is often voided which comes from excrementitious Meats corrupted in the Stomach or a great plenty of Excrements heaped up in the Intestines The Knowledg in general is manifest namely when more liquid Excrements are voided and oftener than usually Nature doth allow The Signs of these Differences which are taken from the matter are manifest to the Senses namely Whether they be Flegmatick Melanchollick Chollerick or Serous The Parts Sending have a more difficult Diagnosis or way of Knowledg yet they are thus Distinguished If the Humors flow from the whol body there either is or hath lately been a continual Feaver or some other disease of the whol body as Cachexia evil Habit or Leucophlegmatia or white Dropsie or there hath been over-eating or drinking and there is no sign of any Disease of any peculiar part If it be Critical it is a benefit to the Patient and is easily endured and thence the Disease is either Cured or Diminished Somtimes there
to strengthen the Liver as also this following Opiate Take of Conserve of Succory Roots one ounce Conserve of old Roses half an ounce the pulp of Currans six drams Crocus Martis one dram prepared Coral shavings of Ivory and Harts-horn of each one scruple with the Syrup of dried Roses make an Opiate adding half a scruple of Spirit of Vitriol of which let him take the bigness of a Chesnut three hours before meat You may also add the Liver of a Wolf prepared which is a specifical proper Medicine according to divers Authors Raisons of the Sun because they are good for the Liver are commended in this disease therefore you may eat them in great plenty with their stones which that they may be better taken may be beaten first in a Marble Mortar Or make a Rob or Syrup of Raisons boyling them in red Wine if it be not too hot and then straining out the Juyce and boyling it again til it is thick which you may use alone or in some of an Opiate with these following Take of Currans half a pound boyl them to the thickness of a Pultis in old Wine pass them through a sieve and mix with the straining candied Citron peels half an ounce the pouder of the three Sanders and Diamargariton frigid of each one dram Coral prepared and red Roses of each four scruples the Liver of a Wolf prepared three drams make an Opiate The Syrup of Coral is very excellent to strengthen the Liver and stay the flux thereof but the Tincture thereof is far better As also the Extract or Magistery given in Plantane Water The Juyce of yong Nettle tops given either by it self to two ounces or with Water and Vinegar every morning for three daies together stops the flux and purifieth the corrupt blood But because in this Disease the Body is much consumed a restoring distilled Water that wil also stay a flux either must be given often by it self or with all other Drinks Take a fat Capon and a Partridg and pulling of the Feathers and the Guts ouâ— â—ill their Bellies with Succory Agrimony and Snails of each one handful Conserve of Roâ—es three ounces Plantane and Coriander seeds prepared of each two drams Citron Myrobalans one dram Blood-wort half a handful the Troches of Amber and of Spodium of each four scruples the pouder of the Electuary de Gemmis or precious Stones the three Sanders and Dâ—amargariton frigid of each one dram Sprinkle them all with astringent Wine and putting them into the bellies of the Fowls boyl them in a close vessel in four pints of Water til half be consumed then put them al into a glass Limbeck with three ounces of good Wine distil them in Balneo Mariae for the use aforesaid For Drink let the Patient take the Tincture of Roses or the Decoction of Succory and Dogs-tooth with Syrup of Quinces and some few drops of Spirit of Vitriol Things made of Barley Almonds and Rice are best in his Meats Outwardly to his Belly apply those things which were prescribed in the Cure of Dysentery with some things for the Liver as Wormwood Roses all the Sanders Spodium or burnt Ivory c. Which anointings of the Belly must reach to the region of the Liver You may al o apply the following Epitheme to the Liver Take of Endive and Succory of each one handful Dodder and both sorts of Wormwood of each half a handful red Roses one pugil red Sanders one dram and an half Spodium two scruples boyl them to one pint and an half and dissolve in the straining two ounces of Rose Vinegar boyl them again gently and make an Epitheme Let the same part be anointed with the following Oyntment Take of Cerat of Sanders two ounces Oyl of Quinces and of Wormwood of each three drams Mix them for a Liniment Lastly If the Patient be troubled for want of sleep as is usual because this kind of flux is most in the night you must use Narcoticks such as were propounded for the former fluxes Chap. 9. Of the Worms ALthough Worms breed in divers parts of the Body yet because they are more usual in the Gut than in other parts therefore we wil speak only of those By some it is questioned to what kind of Disease that is preternatural the Worms are to be referred But we can take away al occasion of doubting by saying that after a divers consideration they may refer to all kinds of Diseases for as they prick and pull the Guts or obstruct them and produce other diseases they may be said to be causes of diseases But as they are substances added to those which ought naturally to be contained in the Guts they are reckoned by Galen in the number of those Diseases which are in the number encreased wholly against Nature as the stone also And lastly as they are sent out preternaturally by the belly or the mouth they are to be referred to the fault in Excretion or sending forth Galen in his Comment upon the Aphorisms Aph. 26. Sect. 3. propounds three kinds of Worms The round Worms which are often bred in the Guts and get often up into the Stomach the Ascarides or little Worms like smal thrids which use to lie in the inferior part of the thick Intestines and over against the Sphincter Muscle and the broad Worms called Fascia because they are long and broad like Childrens Swathing bands This kind is more rare to be seen than the rest and a Physitian shall scarce see them in his practice twice or thrice in a yeer yet there are great Controversies among Authors about them some say it is one Worm only some that it is made of many united which they call Cucurbitinos or Gourd Worms and say that they are parts of the broad Worm others make a fourth kind containing the Gourd Worms but we do not intend here to shew their Reasons and several Experiences they have so much boasted of the curious Reader may search for his better satisfaction Rondoletius Platerus Sennertus and many others Moreover There is a great Controversie of the Causes of Worms some say they come of putrid heat others from the Natural others say that both concur for the production of them The first say That all Infects or Vermine come from corruption according to Aristotle The second say That putriu heat is strong â—iery and destructive and therefore is not fit to produce a live body The third â—ort to reconcile the former say that the Matter is disposed by the putrid heat to generate Worms and the Natural heat doth turn it so prepared into worms by way of Concoction But this Reconciliation wil not hold because according to the axiome in Physicks it is the property of the same thing to dispose the matter and bring in the form and therefore the preparation of the matter and the introduction of the form ought to be from the same agent besides Worms breed in Carkasses where there is no native heat we may
with it and so it wil be stronger Also Spring Water made sharp with some few drops of the Spirit of Virriol or Sulphur is of no less force For sharp things do properly kill VVorms and the Water is to be made more or less sharp according to the age of the Party The Decoction of Dog-tooth with Coriander seed prepared is used vulgarly for ordinary drink mixed with Syrup of Lemons or of pomegranats Or you may put Sugar and a little Vinegar in the Decoction While the aforesaid Remedies are used you must give Clysters often the whol time of the Disease first made of sweet things to attract and draw down the VVorms as at first we said which may be made not only of a Decoction of Liquoris Raisons and Figs but also of Chicken-broth and Sugar and Honey of Roses or of Milk if there be no Feaver otherwise it wil be easily Corrupted But if we conjecture that the VVorms are already in the thick Guts because then they can scarcely ascend into thin Guts you may give Clysters to kil them made thus Take of Dog-Tooth Roots one ounce Beets Mallows Pot Mercury and Purslain of each half an handful Coralline one pugil Coriander seeds prepared and Wormseed of each two drams boyl them in a Quart of Water in one Pint of the straining dissolve two ounces of Oyl of Roses Cassia newly drawn six drams Hiera Picra two drams Honey of Violets one ounce make a Clyster If you wil have stronger Take of Gentian Roots one ounce common Wormwood and Southernwood of each one handful the lesser Centaury half an handful Lupâ—nes half an ounce Wormseed two drams make a Decoction In as much of the straining as you think fit dissolve the Oyl of Wormwood one ounce and an half Salt one dram and an half â—â—ake a Clyster which must be repeated and in the last that the Worms may be brough forth after they are killed dâ—ssolve of Benedicta Laxativa and Hiera Picra of each three dramâ— or half an ounce If there be a Flux of the Belly give this following Clyster Take of Tormenâ—l Roots and of Round Buth-wort of each one ounce and and an half Pomegranate Peels and Myrcha ans of each one ounce Pease a smal handful Myrtle berries one dram Red Roses one pugil make a Decoction and dissolve in the straining of Oyl of Mints or of Wormwood one ounce make a Cryster Outwardly may divers Topicks be applied not only those that were mentioned but these following Take of Gentian Roots one ounce Birth-wort Roots six drams Orange Peels one ounce Coloquintida one dram burnt Harts-horn two drams Saffron half a dram make a Pouder which mix with Oyl of Wormwood or Bitter Almonds and with a little Wax make an Vnguent Also common Oyl boyled with the Pulp of Coloquintida is powerful Also Oyl of Wormwood and St. Johns-wort must be applied to the whol Belly morning and evening Take of Oyl of Wormwood Mints and bitter Almonds of each half an ounce the Juyce of Wormwood and Rue of each two ounces Tormentil white Dittany and Zedoary of each half a dram Ox Gall three drams Aloes one scruple Pouder them and with a little Wax make an Oynment Or Take of Coloquintida six drams Pouder it and with an Ox Gall lay it to the Navel by which both the Worms are killed and the belly kept loose Take of Murrh seven drams Mast ch eight ounces Aloes eighteen ounces common Salt one pound bruise them all and Distil them by a Retort with a gentle Fire and great diligence first you will have a Water than an Oyl with which if you anoint the Navel of a Child all putrefaction will be clensed which is in the Mysentery Also you may make a Cataplasm thus Take of the meal of Lupines two ounces Myrrh and Aloes of each two drams Ox Gall as much as is sitting Oyl of Wormwood two ounces make a Cataplasm for the Belly If a Loosness hath Continued long apply this following Cataplasm Take of Oyl of Quinces and Wormwood of each one ounce the Juyce of Purslain extracted with Vinegar one ounce and an half Peaseflowr an ounce Lupine flowr half an ounce Red Coral and burnt Harts-horn of each three drams mix them together with as much Turpentine as wil make a Cataplasm A Cataplasm also made of only Hiera Picra is most powerful Somtimes you may use Fomentations when there is a great stretching and puffing up of the Belly Made thus Take of Wormwood Southernwood Tansie Scordium Mallows and Violets of each one handful beaten Lupines half an ounce Centaury one pugil boyl them in Vinegar and Water and Foment the whol Belly hot therewith very often Finally For Flat VVorms and Ascarides or Ars-Worms Clysters made of bitter things are good to which you may ad the Purging things aforesaid while the filth of which they breed be purged away Chap. 10 Of the Immoderate Flux of the Hoemorrhoids ALthough the moderate Flux of the Hoemorrhoids be healthful and preserveth a man from many and grievous Diseases as Hippocrates taught in epidemii and in his Aphorisms as from a Pleurisie Peripneumonia or Inflamation of the Lungs nephritis or the Stone in the Kidneys Madness Melancholly and innumerable other Yet the immoderate Flux is most dangerous and brings other pernicious Diseases as Weakness of the whol Body Coolness of the Bowels and especially of the Liver an Atrophy or want of nourishment an evil Habit and Dropsie by the loss of Natural Heat by spending too much Blood which is the treasure of Life and the cheerisher of the whol Body And this Immoderate Flux hath the same Causes which use to provoke other sorts of Bleeding namely Blood offending in Quantity or Quality when it offendeth in Quantity and is brought in great plenty to the Haemorrhoid Veins it doth violently dilate them and open their Orifices by the strength of the Expulsive Faculty but somtimes too much Blood coming thither doth oppress the Retentive Faculty Hence it comes that she being Defective in her duty there is a great Flux which must be restrained by art But while Blood off ends in Quality as sharpness it stirs up the Expulsive Faculty to cast forth by those Veins not only the unprofitable but profitable Blood the Blood Causing this Flux is made sharper by a mixture of Choller or sharp Water This immoderate Flux is known by the loss of Strength and a Sense of Weakness coming from a long Flux and loss of Blood As also from an evil yellowish colour of the whol Body as if it were the Jaundice If the Disease come from Quantity of Blood there went before Causes of increase of Blood and the Patient bears it wel in the beginning and is more cheerful but afterwards the Flux continuing he grows weak and dejected But if it comes from sharpness and thinness of the Blood there went before Causes that breed cholet or sharp Water the body is of a Chollerick Constitution and burnt the blood floweth
the putrefaction which it gathereth by long continuance hence comes a Feaver and Thirst namely from the stinking salt vapors which do infect the mouth of the Stomach It falls out somtimes that this Watery Humor is not contained in the Cavity of the Belly but in certain Bladders growing to the parts of the lower Belly An Example whereof is given by Schenkius Lib. 3. Observation and Mauritius Cordaeus Com. 5. in Hipp. Lib. 1. of Diseases in Women Galen supposed and almost all Physitians new and old have followed him that every Dropsie comes of a cold Liver which cannot Sanguisie or make Blood compleatly but instead thereof much Water Flegm or Wind. Which Opinion as it is most true in Anasarca and approved so in Ascites and Tympanites it is much questioned by many Modern Writers because in the opening of many that died of Dropsies the Liver hath been sound very sound as is manisest by many relations in those Authors mentioned Moreover Hippocrates 2. Prorrhet wittily affirms that a Dropsie may come either from the Liver or from some empty part by an empty part he meaneth all that space from the Ribs to the Guts and the parts contemed in it Also Hipp. 4. de morb Mulierum mentions a Dropsie coming from the Spleen To which places of Hippocrates they usually answer thus That the Liver is alwaies affected either primarily or secondarily so that there is never a Dropsie before there is a hinderance of Sanguification or breeding of Blood But two Reasons do strongly oppose this Doctrine The first is from the Experience before mentioned namely That if the Liver ought necessarily to suffer in the producing of a Dropsie it would never be found free and unknit in the Dissection of a dead Body The second is That if the Liver should breed watery Blood it would be sent into the whol Body as in Anasarca nor can a sufficient reason be given why that serous Humor bred in the Liver should be sent to the Belly and not to other parts As for the cold distemper of the Liver that is denied by Trallianus Avicenna and others who affirm that a Dropsie may arise from a hot distemper of the Liver and cannot be cured but by cooling means And this may be maintained by the Authority of Hippocrates in 2. Progn A Dropsie saith he coming after an acute disease is evil for it doth not take away the Feaver If therefore a Dropsie may come while the Feaver is it is cleer that there is still a hot distemper Neither could that ever please me which is usually spoken by Galens Servants That the Native heat is dissolved by a hot distemper and much diminished and that diminished heat may be called cold For so in a Hectick Feaver and other constant Feavers in which the Natural Heat is much diminished we should alwaies blame a cold distemper and the Symptomes which follow should be impured to cold and not to heat From whence who doth not perceive that there would arise a great consusion in the searching into the Causes of Symptomes Among the late Writers Carotus Piso whom Sennertus followed hath dived most deep into the true Causes of Ascites which he affirms to come from a serous Matter contained in the Meat and Drink which by reason of some preternatural Cause is stayed too long in the Gate and Hollow Veins not sent into the Body as in a Natural state and condition it useth to be but into the capacity of the Abdomen This serous Humor is retained in the Veins from the whol Body by reason the attractive faculty of the Parts to which it should be carried is either hurt or hindered Now the chief parts which draw the serous Matter are the Liver and the Spleen For they attract the Chylous Matter in which the moisture of Meat and Drink is contained As also the Spleen draws Drink to its self pure and without mixture as Hippocrates taught and Experience confirms That they who drink much after Meat do presently avoid it by Urine which learned Authors say is by reason the Spleen sucks the watery Matter before there is a perfect Concoction made in the Stomach The Attraction or drawing quality of the Liver and Spleen is lost chiefly by defect and weakness of Natural Heat the Natural heat is debilitated by a cold or hot distemper or by Suffocation A cold distemper coming either from too cold a Diet from loss of too much Blood and Spirits or any other Cause doth destroy the Natural Heat of the Liver and Spleen and so hinder their Actions A hot Distemper doth disperse the Native Heat whence being made weaker the Liver and the Spleen become less Active This comes from Feavers much Wine or hot Meats Lastly The Natural Heat is weakned by Suffocation when there is too much Blood in the Veins especially if it be foul as when the Terms of Hemorrhoids are stopt by which the blood was clensed formerly but now by stoppage corrupted Also the Attraction or drawing vertue of those parts is hindered by Obstructions which hinder the free passage of the serous Matter So a Dropsie followeth a Scirrhus of the Liver and Spleen not only because those parts being weakened cannot produce good Blood but especially because they are not able to attract and send to other parts whatsoever is drunk Here it may be objected That in a Dropsie the whol Body is nourished by Blood bred in the Liver of a Chylous Matter which it draweth to it self We answer That the Liver doth better attract that which is most familiar unto its self and most sit to be made blood but it draweth to it less than is sufficient by reason of the weakness of the attractive faculty Hence it is that the Body grows lean because it draws some water along with the Chylus and leaves the rest in the Meseraick Veins and the Veins of the lower Belly which is by degrees carried into the Capacity of the Abdomen We do not deny that Sanguisication or making of Blood is hindered in a Dropsie especially when the distemper is very cold or very hot or the Obstruction or Scirrhus great for then there cannot be a perfect making of blood But we deny that that is the next and immediate Cause of a Dropsie but rather an effect thereof when the Water corrupted in the Abdomen doth also corrupt the Bowels that swim therein Next to the Liver and the Spleen the Reins do attract the watery Matter which is in the hollow Vein and free the whol body from the superfluity thereof so that if at any time they do not their office there remains much matter in the veins which being sent to the Abdomen do quickly make an Ascites now the attraction of the Veins may cease for divers Causes because of a Cold Distemper Tumors Ulcers and Obstructions which wil Diminish Abolish and intercept their Function Lastly The distribution of Water is hindered from some external Cause as when much cold Water is drunk
want of Concoction or Crudity it is prevented You must mark that it is in the beginning for if a flux come upon an old Dropsie it is not so safe because commonly there is some fault in the Bowels by continuance as a Scitrhus or corruption of substance which begets new matter and death also Henee Hipp. in Prorrh saith that they who are to be cured of the Dropsie must be Euspiagchnous that is those that have sound Bowels free from the great Diseases mentioned Otherwise if a flux of the Belly happen with a Scirrhus or corruption of the Liver they die presently as Galen shews 2. ad Glau. cap. 5. And Avicen saith thus Straitness of breath and flux of the belly signifie death within three daies Little Urine in Dropsies is evil the less the worse because the Drink runs into the Belly and not into the Reins Hence Hipp. in Coac saith Little and thick Urine and a Dropsie that is Feaverish is deadly but if the quantity of Urine encrease we may hope well Which is elegantly laid down by Celsus And then saith he there is hope of Health when they void more Urine than they drink Therefore it is good every day to measure the Urine and the Drink and the Belly with a string especially while Physick is given to see whether it grow less or not for if it encrease notwithstanding the Medicines it is desperate Imposthumes or spots in the Legs or Hydropical men are deadly Hippocrates confirms this 7. Epid. in the History of Bion and Ctesipthon the one whereof died presently after an imposthume which ran in his left Knee the other after he had a red and blewish gathering in his right Thigh Men that are cured by Medicines for Dropsies if they fall again into the same are desperate Hipp. in Coac For it signifieth that there is some incurable fault lurking in the Bowels which after the water is emptied reneweth it again If the Patient have sound Bowels and strength eat his meat and concoct well and be not sick after breath freely have no pain cough or thirst and his tongue grow not rough so much as in his sleep if Medicines presently purge him and if without Medicines he be bound and in a Natural order and if his Urine change according to his Diet or if he be not faint If all these things be present the Patient is recovered if some of them there is hopes of amendment if none he is desperate In a dry Dropsie to piss by drops is evil Hipp. in Coacis A Tympany in a Melanchollick Body is deadly and Remedies are given in vain If in a Leucophlegmatia a strong Diarrhoea follow the Disease is cured Hipp. Aph. 29. Sect. 7. but this Diarrhoea must be at the beginning or at least before the Disease be old or the strength of the Party weakened but if it happen when the Patient is weak it is dangerous The Cure of the Dropsie consists in the Evacuation of the Matter whether it be in the whol Body or in the Abdomen or Belly in taking away the Cause that produced that Matter and in strengthening of the Bowels especially the Liver The chief and most ordinary Causes are great Obstructions and Scirrhus or hard Tumors the Cure of which Diseases is to be taken out of their proper Chapters But if they will not suffice you must use these following which are more proper in Dropsies and vary them according to the variety of Causes and the Bodies sick And first you must give an ordinary Purge by an opening Apozeme that expels slegm and water made thus Take of the Roots of Eryngus Madder Smallage Parsley and Elicampane of each one ounce Valerian Asarabacca Dwarf-Elder and Flower deluce Roots of each half an ounce the Bark of the Roots of Capars and inward Bark of an Ash and Tamarisk of each six drams the Leavs of Agrimony Ceterach Maiden-hair Germander St. Johns-wort Wormwood and the lesser Centaury of each one handful Sold anella or wild Mercury half a handful the seeds of Carrots Parsley and Fennel of each half an ounce scraped Liquoris and Raisons stoned of each one ounce clean Senna one ounce and an half Agarick tied in a clout three drams the seeds of Dwarf-Elder and Jallap Roots of each one dram and an half Ginger and Cloves of each one dram Broom Elder and Tamarisk flowers of each one pugil Boyl them in equal parts of steeled Water and white Wine added towards the end to a pint and a quarter When it is strained dissolve therein Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb four ounces Make a cleer Apozeme aromatized with three drams of Cinnamon for four morning draughts After Universal Purging let the Patient take this following Pouder once a week Take of Clean Senna Gummy Turbith Hermodacts Dwarf-Elder seeds Jallan and Mechoacan of each one dram Cream of Tartar two drams Cambugia half a dram the pouder of Diamber Diarrhodon Abbatis and Fennel seeds of each one scruple Sugar candy three drams Make a Pouder of them all of which infuse two drams or two drams and an half all night in four ounces of white Wine Let him take the Wine and the Pouder in the morning The Syrup of Rhamus solutivus or Buckthorn made of the Juyce of its Fruit called Rhein Berries with Sugar given one ounce at a time doth wonderfully purge water It must be taken presently after Dinner Or give the Magistral Syrup made of the Decoction of the Apozeme afore mentioned the dose of Purgers being encreased or this following Take of the Juyce of Damask Roses two pints the Juyce of the Roots of Danewort Flowerdeluce Succory Leaves and Agrimony of each half a pint the seeds of Danewort Mechoacan Roots and of the best Rhubarb of each two ounces Spicknard three drams yellow Sanders two drams Crystal of Tartar one dram and an half infuse them a whol night and after a little boyling strain them then put as much white Sugar as is of the Liquor boyl it into a Syrup and add to it of the salt of Wormwood half an ounce Let him take two drams with opening Broth once in a week Or instead of this Syrup or at other times when it is not taken you may give these Pills which purge the evil Humors and also open Obstructions Take of the best Aloes steeped in the Juyce of Wormwood half an ounce Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar and strained the best Myrrh and Crocus Martis prepared with Sulphur of each three drams Salt of Wormwood and Tamarisk of each two drams Diagridium and Troches of Albandal of each one dram Saffron Ginger and Salgem of each one scruple With Oxymel of Squils make a Mass of Pills of which give half a dram twice in a week two hours before Dinner Also Purging Wines are much commended for the cure of the Dropsie of which there are divers Forms But these are best Take of the Roots of Asarabacca and Mechoacan of each two ounces the French Flowerdeluce and Bark of
do commonly bring about the desired effect except Hypochondriack Melancholly rise from thence which useth to be called the shame of Physitians by reason of the rebellious Nature of the Melanchollick Humor But because this part hath not exquisite sence and the Obstructions do not alwaies greatly disturb the Patient they are often neglected and become the causes of other most dangerous diseases The Cure of this Disease is the same with that of the Obstruction of the Liver and you must fetch it from the Chapter treating thereof Chap. 2. Of the Inflamation of the Mesentery WHen the Mesentery as I said is as it were the sink into which the Noble Parts do send their superfluous Excrements which afterwards are sent forth by Nature either by Vomit or Stool as you may see in some who send abundance of Humors forth at divers times by Vomit and Stool if those Evacuations be hindered by stoppage of the waies by which they are made or by any other cause those Humors which are there detained staying long in the part do get a preternatural heat from whence come putrefactions inflamations divers Feavers and imposthumes But an Inflamation is peculiarly made when blood heaped up in the Meseraick Veins by the opening of some branch is sent into the substance of the Mesentery but because by reason of Obstructions it is chiefly gathered in those Veins therefore all the causes of Obstructions may be referred to the Causes of Inflamation For the making of this Inflamation that sharpness and gnawing of the Humors gathered together do much conduce a fall or stroak upon the Belly the weakness of the attractive concoction or retentive faculty of the Liver too much heat of the body or inordinate use of cooling things the critical motion of Nature in malignant Diseases or smal Pox by which it sends the peccant Humors into this sink a Diarrhoea or Dysentery suddenly stopped The signs of the Inflamation of the Mesentery are a lingering Feaver without Thirst and great Symptomes want of Appetite a sence of stretching and heaviness beneath the Stomach without great hardness and which is not felt but by the hand pressing of it and without pain worth the speaking of because the part is of dull sence Chollerick stools which commonly hath thin matter without pain somtimes pure somtimes mixed with Excrements If the Mesentery be only inflamed all the aforesaid Symptomes are milder But if the Liver or Spleen or Guts are also inflamed all the Symptomes are stronger And besides the signs of the aforesaid parts affected will appear which are to be taken out of their proper Chapters And because the Inflamation and Imposthume of this part are very hard to be known if they be alone by reason of the dull sence of the part and because it performeth no action in the body whose hinderance may be perceived but only serveth for the distribution of the Chylus and the Blood therefore they are rather to be discovered by consequence than directly and according to artificial conjecture namely when there is a Feaver and other Symptomes and no sign of the Liver Spleen or Guts distempered A half Tertian Ague sheweth that the Guts are inflamed with the Mesentery which Spigelius observed to come commonly from the Inflamation of these parts Also this Difease is distinguished from the inflamation of the Muscles of the Belly because the Tumor and pain is enlarged according to their proportion and they are commonly long or over the whol belly and more in the outward parts so that they are perceived by the least touch and they use to bring great pain and a Feaver Lastly This Disease is to be distinguished from the Humors of the Midriff which have been as yet known to few Physitians for in them there is alwaies great difficulty of breathing removing of the Hypochondria a Pulse hard and smal without any sence of Tumor in the Hypochondria And if the Tumor come of a hot cause a sharp Feaver great pain doting and Convulsions do follow which Symptomes never happen when the Mesentery is only inflamed As for the Prognostick This Disease is very dangerous for it either ends in an imposthume or there follows a rottenness and corruption of the Mesentery Oftentimes the Matter of the Disease is sent by Nature another way and yet is not clean taken away whence the Disease returns and continues for many yeers somtimes till death now with a Feaver then a Chollick or Inflamation The Cure of the Inflamation of the Mesentery is not unlike to that of the Liver and Spleen and therefore you must peruse that Chap. 3. Of the Imposthume Vlcer and Scirrhus of the Mesentery THe Inflamation of the Mesentery often turneth into an Imposthume yet every Imposthume thereof is not from Inflamation but many times from vitious Humors therein contained which putrefie so that these Imposthumes come by degrees without a Feaver afore going or other great Symptomes as we see in other parts when Atheromata Steatomata and Melicerides and other kinds of Imposthumes are bred without Inflamation going before And when they are broken the Matter being voided there remains an Ulcer which is hard to be cured â—â—t if those Humorsare very flegmatick or Melanchollick and resist putrefaction they grow and somtimes are hardened and turn to a Scirrhus somtimes they are as hard as a stone as many affirm who have fouâ— stonâ—â— in the Mesentery The Knowledg of the Imposthume in the Mesentery is somtimes easie somtimes hard for if it comes from an Inflamation of that part that being perceived by the â—igns in the former Chapter it is a sign that the Inflamation could not be discussed but suppurated and turned into an Imposthume But when an Imposthume comes from evil Humors remaining long in the Mesentery and at length putrefying it is hard to know it so that many Authors who have written Observations upon such kind of Imposthumes say that they never were known but after death when the Bodies were opened For although for the most part they may be known by the touch yet somtimes they lie so deep that they cannot be touched and the part being dull in sence that they will not be discovered by pain But because they come divers waies they must be thus distinguished If the Imposthume of the Mesentery hath a visible Tumor it is first to be diâ—cerned from an Inflamation and a Scirrhus It is distinguished from an inflamation if it come not from it when there is no Feaver or at least but smal when none went before nor any other signs that may sâ—ew an Inflamation but if it follow an Inflamation it can no other waies be distinguished than by hardness continuance for if the signs of Inflamation have continued twenty or thirty daies it is a sign that it is turned into an Imposthume It is distinguished from a Scirrhus by hardness which is great in a Scirrhus but in an Imposthume there is some kind of softness as also by the want
hardness there which being touched pained him the story whereof is at larger related in our 81. Observation Cent. 3. And in the knowledg of the Scurvy we observed which none that ever wrote thereof did That in all Scurvyes there is a Tumor of the Pancreas because you may find a straightness oppression and weight in the Region of the Stomach And this Sign is laid down for a cleer one by Eugalenus Sennertus and others There are some stories in Authors of Imposthumes found in the Pancreas which were not discovered while the Patients lived But by the Symptomes they had they may be partly known as some like those of the Scirrhus to which you may joyn these a lingering Feaver which is the companion of almost all inward Imposthumes much watching short sleep and after it pain swooning and cold sweats The Cure of the Obstruction Scirrhus and Imposthume of the Pancreas is the same with those of the Liver Spleen and Mesentery There you may fetch Medicines from the Chapters concerning them Chap. 5. Of the Diseases of the Caul or Omentum BEcause the Omentum is a soft part and fat fit by reason of its loosness to receive Humors that come from other parts It is subject to divers Diseases as the Mesentery and Pancreas And these are not described by Authors because they can scare be seen in living men but only by Anatomy as you may see in some Stories in our Observations Vesalius saith that he saw in a Body opened an Omentum so swoln that is weighed five pounds when in its Natural condition it would weigh scare half a pound Roussetus in lib. de partu Caesareo reports that in Paris there was found a great Imposthume in the Omentum Riolanus in his Anthropographia saith that he saw an Omentum in a Noble Youth of ninteen yeers of age so full of kernels by which it received abundance of filthy Humors the Mesentery and Pancreas being imposthumated and the Spleen almost consumed We also saw a Scirrhus Omentum in a Fryar of Montpelior all over the lower part of the Belly and four fingers thick it was of the color of the Spleen so that it was probable that it was caused by Melancholly from thence because he was of a Melanchollick temper and the passage is very open by the branches of the Spleen Veins to the Omentum by which branches as Hippocrates teacheth the water in a Dropsie is brought from the Spleen to the Omentum from which by degrees it distils into the Cavity of the Abdomen But because the swelling of the Omentum can by no means be distinguished from that of the Mesentery therefore we cannot appoint a distinct knowledg It is true that the Tumors of the Omentum are easier known at the first touch because it is immediately under the Peritonaeum but the Mesentery is so united to it and the Muscles of the lower Belly that they are sent forth by suppuration through the Navel or other external parts Yet this Difficulty of Knowledg doth not hinder the Cure because the same Medicines serve for all Tumors that are alike in all the parts of the belly but the Cure is worse to be made in the Omentum because it hath not fit way as other parts have for the purging of its self The End of the Thirteenth Book THE FOURTEENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Reins and Bladder The PREFACE THE Reins and Bladder have divers and all sorts of Diseases both Similary Organical and Common from which divers Symptomes arise both in the actions hurt and also in the fault of the Evacuations We will comprehend the chief in Nine Chapters The First shall be of the Stone in the Kidneys and the pain of the Reins called Dolor Nephriticus The Second of the Stone in the Bladder The Third of the Inflamation of the Reins and Bladder The Fourth of Pissing of Blood The Fifth of the Vlcer of the Reins and Bladder The Sixth of Diabetes or Involuntary pissing The Seventh of the not holding of the Water The Eighth of Ischuria or stoppage of the Water and Strangury The Ninth of Dysuria or scattering of the Vrine Chap. 1. Of the Stone in the Kidneyes and Pain in the Reins called Dolor Nephriticus THat is called Dolor Nephriticus which doth afflict the Ureters or Reins the common people call it the Stone-Chollick because of the great affinity it hath with the Chollick so that it is hard to distinguish them as you shall see in the Diagnostick or Signs The Cause of this Pain in manifold but chiefly the stone or thick flegm A stone continuing in the Reins causeth either little or no pain because the substance of the Reins hath little Sence but if it fall upon the Head of the Ureters or get into the passage and distend it and cannot be brought to the Bladder by reason of its greatness then it causeth grievous pain But gross flegm fastened upon the Ureters doth distend them and causeth the Nephritical pain The less ordinary Causes are thick blood fixed in the Ureters or thick Matter coming from the Kidneyes or other parts somtimes wind gets into the Cavity and causeth great pain There are many Controversies in Authors about the stone which is the chief and usual cause of the pain of the Reins which we shall not accurately declare but only touch those things which are necessary to declare its Nature and Causes And first they doubt under what kind of Disease they should reckon the stone Galen placeth it among the Diseases in number of those things which are wholly besides Nature as also the Worms For though a Disease in number properly doth respect living parts whose number being encreased or diminished maketh an organical Disease yet those things which are preternaturally added to the number of those things of which the Body is compounded ought to be referred to the Diseases in number so that somtimes the bare qualities are somtimes referred to Diseases in number when they do immediately hurt the actions as yellowness in the Eye of one that hath the Jaundice a noise in the Ears and a bitter tast upon the Tongue Oftentimes the stone is reckoned among Causes of Diseases as it breeds Obstruction or Distention It may also be placed among the Symptomes those that are voided or retained for if it be retained in the Kidneys Reins or Bladder when it should be voided it is to be reckoned among those things that are preternaturally retained but when it is voided it is to be reckoned among those that are voided wholly against Nature But there is more difficulty about the cause of the stone both material and efficient Galen and his posterity thought that flegm was the material cause of the stone which is thick and slimy fit to be hardened and as they say of late faeculent slimy and Tartarous and heat the efficient which drieth and hardeneth that matter and at length turneth it into a stone Which Doctrine
Seeds and white Poppy Seeds with a little Syrup of Poppies or with the often giving of Conserve of Marsh-mallow flowers Outwardly you may apply this Fomentation following to the Reins Take of Marsh-mallow Roots two ounces Mallows Pellitory of the wall Violets of each one handful Lin-seed Foenugreek and Winter Cherries of each three drams Chamomel Melilot flowers and Water Lillies of each one pugil make a Decoction with which foment the part not with Spunges because they have a saltness in them from the Sea After the Fomentation you may apply this Liniment Take of the Oyl of Violets and of sweet Almonds of each one ounce and an half Oyl of Roses one ounce Mucilage of Marsh-mallow seeds and Foenugreek of each two ounces Saffron one scruple make a Liniment Make this following Injection against the pain of the Bladder Take of Foenugreek and Quince seeds of each one scruple steep them one hour in one pint and an half of Barley Water after strain them and make a moist Mucilage to which add of Oyl of sweet Almonds two ounces Honey of Roses strained one ounce mix them for an Injection And if you inject warm Milk it is excellent for the same purpose In which if you dissolve the Troches of Gordonius you wil compleatly ease pain and cure the Ulcer Chap. 6. Of Diabetes or extraordinary Pissing DIabetes is a quick and plentiful sending forth of Drink by Urine after which there comes a violent Thirst and consuming of the whol Body It is called Diabetes apo tou diabainein from passing through as Water through a Conduit pipe which is called Diabetes This Disease is also called Dipsacos from the unquenchable Thirst and the Piss-pot Dropsie from the continual making of Water It is seldom seen for Galen in 6. de loc aff cap. 3. saith that he saw it but twice The next and immediate Cause of this Disease from Galen and al his followers is held to be a hot distemper of the Reins which makes them draw Water violently from the Veins and send it to the Bladder being not able to contain it themselves the Veins being drawn dry suck from the Liver the Liver from the Guts and Stomach hence comes a continual Thirst after drink which as soon as it is taken it is forthwith carried from the Liver and Veins into the Reins where by its quantity it stiâ—reth up the Expulsive Faculty and burdening the Retentive Faculty it is sent to the Bladder Some suppose that this cause is insufficient because the hot distemper of the Reins is an usual disease but Diabetes is very rare therefore there must be somthing else that is less usual namely a sharp or salt Matter in the Kidneys either of â—holler or of Flegm which doth continually provoke the attractive vertue of them as in Chollerick Feavers there is a Thirst which cannot be quenched from the Chollerick Humor which is fixed to the coat or Tunicle of the Stomach or from Chollerick Vapors sent from some adjacent part into the Stomach by the motion of some putrid Choller which lodgeth there This Opinion is probable but we think good to add thus much to it That the Kidneys alone are not affected in this Disease because Choller and other burnt Humors are first bred in the Liver and therefore they cannot be in any quantity in the Kidneys but the Liver must participate of them And if we may reason where Nature seems to be â—ilent we can say that there is a venemous quality concurring for the producing of this Disease For that kind of Serpent called Dipsacos found in Lybia when it bites any man doth send into him such a poyson as begets an unquenchable Thirst The like kind of venom may be bred in our Bodies by a peculiar corruption of some humors which may cause such a Thirst for Galen testifieth that divers kinds of poysons may breed in our Bodies And if such a kind of poyson may be bred in our Bodies as may cause a detestation of Drink as in Hydrophobia in which the Patient cannot endure the sight of Water or any Drink why may not then there be produced another poyson which hath the contrary quality to cause a great and unquenchable Thirst And hence may be the reason why this Disease is so rare because this kind of poyson is seldom bred but Choller and Salt Flegm and the Diseases from thence are ordinary And as the Disease called Dogs Appetite which is compared to this for the unsatiable desire of meat is ascribed by the wisest Physitians to an occult quality so this unquenchable thirst may be said to come from a peculiar and hidden quality The Signs of this Disease are cleer from what hath been said as an extraordinary making of Water an unquenchable Thirst and a sudden pissing forth of what is drunk a decay of the whol Body for the moisture which would nourish the Body is pissed forth with the drink And though there be often a large Evacuation of Urine in sharp Feavers and other cases yet that is not to be called Diabetes because the aforesaid Symptomes as great Thirst and Consumption of the Body are not joyned therewith The Prognostick of this Disease is deadly for it is incurable except it be in the beginning thereof for it presently brings a Consumption In old men it is more dangerous and when it comes after inordinate Lechery or Agues The Cure is wrought by allaying the hot distemper of the Kidneys and by strengthening them by thickening the Humors that flow unto them and by opposing the malignant quality thereof all which may be done with these Medicines following In the beginning of the Disease while there is strength you may open a Vein for to revel or pluck back and cool the Humors but it must be done divers times and but a smal quantity of blood taken away But if the strength be decayed or if this follow another Disease Phlebotomy must not be You must give Mollifying and Asswaging Clysters to draw forth the Excrements made thus Take of Lettice Purslain Mallows and Plantane of each one handful clensed Barley and red Roses of each one pugil make a Decoction to one pint and an half In the straining dissolve of Diaprunes simple six drams Honey of Roses and Sallet Oyl of each two ounces make a Clyster and use it often You may also give a gentle Purge with Cassia and Pulp of Tamarinds or the Decoction of Plantane Purslain Lettice Tamarinds and Myrobalans with Syrup of Roses Some commend Vomits made of the Decoction of Rhadish Seed and Dwarf-Elder with Oxymel which doth Evacuate and draw from the Ureters To correct the distemper of the said parts and to thicken the Humors Juleps made of the Waters or Decoctions of Lettice Purslain and Plantane with Syrup of Myrtles Quinces and the like and Syrup of Poppies in a smal quantity adding the Pouder of Diatragacanth frigid and the Troches of Sealed Earth and the like Or to astringe more make them
thus Take of Comphry and Plantane Roots of each one ounce Plantane Leaves one handful Pomegranate Flowers and yellow Myrobalans of each one dram Plantane and Purslain seed of each half a dram red Roses one pugil boyl them to a pint In the straining dissolve of Syrup of Quinces three ounces make a Julep for three Doses For the same end you may make a Pouder or an Opiate thus Take of Plantane Purslain and Coriander seeds prepared and red Roses of each one ounce prepared Coral Bole-armenick prepared Pearl and Tormentil Roots of each one scruple Nutmeg half a dram mix them into Pouder Take of old Conserve of Roses four ounces Bole prepared Coral and burnt Harts-born of each one scruple with Syrup of Quinces make an Opiate Erastus highly commends the Syrup of Comphry Roots and Sloes which he saith he used with good success in these Diseases Also Narcoticks or Stupefactives used wisely are very good as new Treacle Syrup of Poppies and Laudanum If it continue long Sheeps Milk Cow or Asses Milk are excellent if you first consume the Whey thereof with often quenching Flints therein and he may use it in the morning as we shewed in other Cures Sweating is commended by Authors by which means the serous Humor is drawn outward But it is to be mistrusted because it is very like to purge by Urine and encrease the distemper of the Bowels But if it be used at any time it must be of the mildest sort as of Roots of China Sarsa Endive Borrage Sorrel boyled in Water or for those who are consumed in Chicken Broth but we think it safer to provoke sweat by outward means as by a vapor from some convenient Decoction in a wooden Instrument Such Sudorificks as are prescribed in malignant Feavers are excellent especially if Spirit of Vitriol be in them to quench Thirst stay the flux and resist the malignity For Drink let the Patient use Iron'd Water with sharp and astringent Syrups or a Decoction of Sloes and the inward Bark of an Oak by which Medicine even alone Erastus saith that he cured this Disease in a Boy Outwardly Apply a Fomentation to the Loyns made of Sorrel Roots Plantane Pomegranate peels Sumach Seeds and the like with a little Vinegar or which is most proper make a Bath of the same Decoction to sit in And anoint the part with Unguâ—nt of Roses Sanders and Comitissa mixed together or this following Take of Oyl of Roses and Myrtles of each one ounce red Sanders red Roses and red Coral of each one scruple Juyce of Plantane one ounce Wax as much as will make an Oyntment Then you must allay the Symptomes that accompany this Disease as thirst watching consumption and the like by their Remedies mentioned in their proper Chapters Chap. 7. Of Pissing the Bed of Involuntary Pissing or not containing of Vrine THe not holding of the Urine consists in the hurting of the Retentive action of the Bladder as Diabetes or extraordinary pissing comes from the hurt done to the attractive faculty and Dysuria from the distemper in the Expulsive so this comes from the disorder in the Retentive Faculty of the Bladder This comes somtimes to people awake and then the Disease is worse somtimes to them asleep and then it is less because then the animal Functions are exercised less freely And this in time of sleep comes two waies either from weakness and loosness of the Sphincter Muscle of the Bladder as in sucking Children weak people and somtimes in them of yeers or from the hurt of the Imagination for many do piss their Beds either from too much drink or from the exquisite sence of the Bladder and the Urines sharpness with some consent of their will when they dream they are pissing against a wall or other place and they are so accustomed to it that it is done without any distemper either of the Bladder or its Sphincter nor are they to be cured with Medicines but by change of their foolish Imagination as Children by whipping or in those of yeers by adorning those places which they dream they piss upon with some costly things and shewing them often The true cause of this is in the Sphincter Muscle which suffers either from its self or by consent from other parts It comes divers waies by consent as when the whol Body is weak and the vital heat spent as in dying men or when the whol Body or half of it is taken with the Palsey or those branches of Nerves which come from the Os Sacrum to the Bladder somtimes the loosness of the Muscle comes from the pain only and neerness to other parts affected as in Women with Child from the swelling and pain of the Womb and in the great Disease of the straight Gut The Sphincter Muscle suffers divers waies by its self as when it is wounded as in cutting for the Stone or in deep Ulcers which hinder its contraction and shutting But the chief and usual cause is a cold and moist distemper which is most fit to weaken and make loose the part Which is produced of a cold and moist Native temper Youth old Age Women and the Diseases of the whol Body or some parts thereof coming of a moist and cold distemper to these you may add external causes often mentioned But here we may dispute how contrary Effects may be produced of the same Cause for Hippocrates in Coac saies that stoppage of the Urine comes of a cold cause in these words A stoppage of Vrine coming of cold is worst of all now not holding and stopping are contrary We must answer that when a cold distemper doth only hurt or abolish the sence of the Bladder there may be a suppression of Urine because the Bladder cannot be sensible of provocation to expel Urine but if the motive faculty which is in the Sphincter Muscle be hurt by reason of the loosness of it the Urine cannot be retained The Signs of this Disease either shew this Disease to be by consent and these must be taken from the Diseases before mentioned which are apt to produce this not holding the Urine which if you find you may conclude that the disease comes from them but if they be absent then you must bethink yourself of the propriety of the Disease to the part which will be easily discovered if it come from a wound and Ulcer or the like Disease of the Sphincter but if neither of these appear you must consider of the cold and moist distemper of the part and this is known by the causes both internal and external and by the effects which depend upon them as softness of the whol Body whiteness loosness of the Nerves and Privities Childhood Age evil Flegmatick Concoction and the like As for the Prognostick This Disease is incurable in old men by reason of their great moistness and the loss of Vital heat which cannot be repaired In an acute Feaver involuntary Pissing is very dangerous for it comes either of a Delirium
half an ounce beat them in a stone Morter powring on by degrees the Decoction of Barley Liquoris Purslain and Mallow tops one pint and an half make an Emulsion for three Doses adding to each Dose one ounce of the Syrup of Violets and one dram of Lapis prunellae and if the pain be great add a little Syrup of Poppies and one dram of Gum Arabick in pouder or the Syrup of Marsh-mallows according to Fernelius or of Mucilages You may make Broths thus Take of Marsh-mallow Roots half an ounce Mallows one handful Liquoris half an ounce Quince seeds one dram boyl them with Chicken Broth make it often The Whey of Goats Milk is very good given in great draughts as we said in the hot distemper of the Liver And if there be no Feaver you may with more profit give Milk by it self because it doth not only clense but allay pain and temper the sharpness of the Humors In an old Disease it is good to give Mineral Waters that cool especially Allum Iron and Vitriol Waters for by Experience we find that they have cured this Disease when it hath been inveterate Instead of the aforesaid Juleps the simple Decoction of Mallows with Syrup of Violets may be used by which Forestus saith Obs 4. Lib. 25. he cured a grievous Dysury many times and that there is nothing like it Forestus also Obs 3. of the same Book that an Apothecary cured himself and others with the white of an Egg beaten with Rose Water He also reports that a woman cured an old man of Delf with Chamomel flowers boyled in Milk Amatus Lusitanus 58. Curat Cent. 6. saith that a Woman was cured when all means failed with Conserve of Mallow flowers she took one ounce morning and evening and drunk after it three ounces of Mallows Water And Curat 59. he saith that one who had a Dysury after he had voided a stone was cured by the same in three daies The Conserve of Marsh-mallow slowers is of the same or greater Vertue Some commend the Troches of Winter Cherries given with convenient Liquor the quantity of a dram because they are Diuretick abate sharpness and pain When the pain is very great it is good to put the Yard when you piss into warm Milk or a Decoction of Mallows and white Poppy seeds or warm Water only A smal Decoction of Mallows with Syrup of Violets and Conserve of Roses is good for ordinary Drink You may also make Injections into the passage of the Bladder of Milk or of an Emulsion of cold Seeds Plantane Water or Whey with the Water of a white of an Egg beaten or one scruple of the Troches of Winter Cherries External Medicines are also good as Baths half Baths Fomentations to the Privities made of cool Herbs Liniments of Oyl of Roses Water Lillies Unguent of Roses Galens cooling Oyntment Populeon with Camphire and the Mucilage of Fleabane made with Plantane Water Also you must apply Epithems that cool to the Reins and Liver and the aforesaid Liniments and the things mentioned formerly for the same When sharp and chollerick Humors flow from the Liver you may derive by an Issue in the right Leg or by opening the Hemorrhoids which is very good in al diseases of the Reins and Bladder according to that of Hippocrates Aph. 11. Sect. 6. because from the Spleen Vein called Ramus Splenicus there are branches go to the Reins Bladder and Hemorrhoids The End of the Fourteenth Book THE FIFTEENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of WOMENS Diseases The PREFACE THose are called Womens Diseases which are proper to them only and come from the defect of that part which is distinct in them from men viz. the Womb of which Democritus in his Letter to Hippocrates said that it was the cause of six hundred miseries and innumerable Calamities But we to lay down those Diseases of the Womb which are most usual will divide them thus Some come from the Vessels and some from the Body of the Womb or Cavity others are in respect of its chief and noblest act of Generation From the distemper of the Vessels of the Womb and the preternatural causes come Chlorosis or green Sickness stoppage of the Terms immoderate Flux the Whites Rage of the Womb and the Mother In the Cavity of the Womb are Inflamations Vlcers Scirrhus Cancer Gangrene Dropsie coming forth and shutting up thereof these may hinder Generation but by accident The Diseases which are in respect of Conception Breeding and Bringing forth are Barrenness acute and Chronical Diseases of Women with Child Abortion difficult bringing forth dead Child Secundine retained immoderate flux or suppression of blood and the acute Diseases of women in Child-bed All which Diseases we will speak of in as few words as the dignity of the Matter will permit Chap. 1. Of the Green-sickness called Chlorosis THis Disease by Hippocrates is called Chlorosis by the Modern Physitians the white Feaver the Virgins Disease the Pale color of Virgins the white Jaundice but vulgarly the Green-sickness It may be defined thus An evil habit of Body from the Obstruction of the Veins of the Liver Spleen and Mesentery and especially of those which are about the Womb which is accompanied with a heaviness or unwildiness of the whol Body beating of the heart difficulty of breathing a desire of evil Food and the like This Disease depends immediately upon the Obstruction of the parts in the lower Belly especially of those Veins which are about the Womb whereby the free passage of Blood to the Womb is hindered which abounding in Virgins when they begin to have their Terms and being hindered of its Natural course by those Obstructions runs to the upper parts and oppresseth the Heart Liver Spleen Diaphragma or Midriff and other parts destroyes their Natural heat stops the Vessels hence is there an evil Concoction in the Bowels and from thence their Body is ful of Crudities which being carried forth make an evil Habit. In other parts they produce divers Symptomes in the Hypochondria a swelling of the Bowels by which the Midriff is oppressed which causeth shortness of breath And because gross blood and wind are carried by the Branches of the hollow Vein and great Artery into the Heart which contend against them for fear of Suffocation by often moving of its Arteries there is a palpitation of the Heart and often a beating in the Temples Besides they have in this Disease a loathing of meat because the Stomach is filled with crude Excrements by reason of its evil Concoction and distribution which excrements having gotten an evil quality by a peculiar kind of corruption cause a desire of evil meats and things not ordained for nourishment as Salt Spices Chalk Coals Ashes and the like which Disease is called Pica Malacia or strange Longing which we have at large spoken of in its proper place among the Diseases of the Stomach The Causes of the Obstructions in the Veins of the Womb and the Hypochondria are
of Assafoetida in a thin rag of cloth I have known some that have worn a Foxes Pizzle and Stones dried tied about their Neck in a string and resting upon their Navel and by that means preserved themselves from the womb-fits Some wear a piece of Wolfs flesh dried or of the Liver of a Wolf not without profit As for external Remedies after every Purge or at least once in a month eight or ten daies before the monthly Purgations of blood Fomentations or Baths to sit in will be good that the Humor causing this Disease being resolved may more easily find its way by the opened Passages of the Courses and flow out with them They may be made of the Roots of Marsh-mallows Briony Roots Orris Roots Madder Valerian Angelica Mugwort Leaves Nep Feverfew Bawm Bayberries and such like To discuss the remainders of the Matter causing the Disease and to strengthen the Womb after Fomentation or fitting in a Bath as aforesaid the following Plaister may be said on under the Navel Take Gum Tacamahacca and Caranna of each two drams Alipta Moschata half an ounce Agnus Castus seeds one dram and an half of each of the Sanders half a dram Turpentine Labdanum Wax of each as much as shall suffice to make a Plaister If this Disease arise from the Seed retained use those Remedies which we have formerly set down to quench and discuss Seed in our Cure of Womb-Fury Chap. 7. Of Inflamation of the Womb. INflamation of the Womb is a Tumor or swelling of that Part springing from blood that is shed into the substance thereof And the said Inflamation possesses either the whol Womb or some part thereof and it is produced either by pure blood and is called meerly Phlegmont an Inflamation or it comes from blood mingled with Choller and it is called Phlegmone erysipelatodes a chollerick Inflamation of kin to the Rose or St. Anthonies fire or it hath its original from blood mingled with flegm and is called Phlegmone oedematodes a flegmatick Inflamation or it comes from blood mingled with Melancholly and is called Phlegmone Scirrhodes which is a Melanchollick Inflamation or Swelling The Causes which produce or encrease this Disease may be divers viz. A Sanguine Constitution over loaded with blood or infected with choller a natural loosness of the womb w th wideness of the passages air extream hot inflaming the humors or very cold compacting knitting them together and so stopping the monthly Courses flowing or ready to flow vehement Exercise immoderate carnal Conjunctions a blow or fall lighting upon the Wombs Quarters Perturbations of Mind more violent than ordinary especially wrath acrimonious or sharp vehement meats of a hot nature and whatever else is taken in of a fretting and vehement operation as Authors report of Cantharides That they are very hurtful as well to the womb as the bladder sharp Pessaries long time used or purging Medicines or strong alteratives such as barren women are wont to take and rend from all quarters Retention of the Courses encreasing the over fulness of blood or over great flux of Courses relaxing the Passages and bringing the Humors from all the parts of the Body to the Womb likewise Cupping-glasâ—es fastened about the privy parts may violently draw the blood and humors unto the Region of the Womb and there detain them Laborsom Child-birth may cause as much Abortion a violent handling of the parts of Generation by an unskilful Midwise and a troublesom inconvenienâ— bearing of a Child in the Womb. The Signs to know the Disease by are Swelling Heat and Pain in the Region of the Womb with a continual Feaver But because the strait Gut that is that which is united to the Dung-gate and the Bladder do lodg in the same quarters with the Womb therfore must we distinguish this Disease by other signs such are Suppression or diminution of the Courses and their paleness or yellowish citrine color with pain in their coming forth and in the absence of the Courses certain stinking and rotten stuff sweats through the Vessels of the Womb and bedews the VVater-Gate Whereinto if search be made it will plainly discover the Disease for the inner mouth of the womb will be sound to swell to be drawn inwards and subject to pain if touched the neck of the womb will appear red and inflamed the Veins dispersed there-through strutting with blood If the whol Womb be inflamed all Symptomes will be more vehement If the Inflamation be rather in the neck of the womb the heat and pain is spread most towards the Groyns and the Water-Gate If the former side of the womb do suffer the Bladders fellow-seeing wil be the greater If the hinder side of the Womb be inflamed the strait Gut will be more compassionate and the pain wil stretch itself towards the Loyns If the right or left side of the womb be inflamed the heat and pain wil appear most about the one Groyn and the Thigh of the same side wil be heavy and as it were in a sort burdened The Signs of the Causes are these If the Inflamation spring from pure blood al the Symptomes are milder but if there be Choller mingled therewith the Feaver is more burning and al the Symptomes are more vehement but if the blood be Flegmatick or Melanchollick the Feaver wil be less acute but the Disease more lasting and more stubborn And here we are to consider such Signs as may inform us what Humor is most predominant in the whol Body If the Inflamation turn to an Imposthume and gather Matter the pain and Feaver are encreased and shaking sits come without any certain course yet commonly they take their turn about Evening And al the other Symptomes are heightened When Suppression is accomplished al the Symptomes are mitigated and Swelling rises higher whereby somtimes the Excrement of the Guts or Urine is stopped But if the Inflamation be discussed without Suppuration the Swelling lessens and the Symptomes becomes gentler If it turn to a Scirrhus that is hard swelling the Feaver Pain and other Symptomes are diminished the Swelling abides becomes harder likewise the weight and heaviness remain both in the womb and the adjacent parts so that the Patient can hardly stir her self A good Prognostick cannot be made of this Disease because it is very dangerous and for the most part deadly But more or less danger is threatened according to the greatness of the Disease its Causes and Symptomes as thus If the Inflamation possess the whol Womb it s a desperate Disease but if only a part be inflamed there is some hope of help If a VVoman with Child have a Chollerick swelling in her womb its deadly Hipp. Aphor. 43. Sect. 5. For the Child dies by reason of the greatness of the Inflamation whereupon follows Abortion which coming upon the back of a grievous disease kils the Mother Galen in his Comments upon this Aphorism doubts if this be not true of every Inflamation of the womb as well as
Child a Mole or an After-birth for then according to Galen in his Third Book of Natural Faculties the same thing betides the womb which is wont to happen to two wrastlers who endeavor to throw one the other upon the ground till both fall together Hereunto add frequent setting of Cupping-Glasses upon the Thighs and very vehement agitation of Body or of Mind Relaxation or slackening of the Ligaments is caused likewise by divers causes as by a long-lasting Catarth divers Crudities which are cast out into the womb as the sink of the whol Body Whence it is that women long troubled with the Whites can scarce avoid this Disease especially elderly women which are most of all troubled therewith Add hereunto external causes as over-frequent bathing especially in cold water Southern and moist Air especially being received into the womb after Child birth moist Diet much drinking Idleness long sleep and all other causes which may decrease flegm and cause its flux into the womb The Signs whereby to know this Disease are evident to the sence For the womb is found sticking in the Water-gate like an Hens or Gooses Egg or like a Clew of Thrid with the perceivance of a weight pressing upon the Water-Gate when the Patient stands upright And while they sit or go to stool a vehement pain is felt about the privy Parts and the Region of O sacrum or the Hanch-bone If it hang far out the greater pain and heat is felt the urine comes away by little and little and makes the womb smart as it passeth The Causes procuring this Falling-down of the womb may be thus distinguished If it proceed from loosness or slackness of the Ligaments it comes by little and little hath the less pain and white Purgations have preceded or other Causes moistening the womb and relaxing the Ligaments thereof But if it proceed from a breaking of the Ligaments the pain is more vehement and blood somtimes breaks forth and such Causes have preceded which have been able to break with violence the Ligaments As for the Prognosticks belonging to this Disease The Disease of it self is not dangerous yet is it very unhandsom and troublesom hindering the Patient from freedom to go and walk at will also from Conception and convenient expurgation of her Courses Yet may it somtimes occasion death if pains Feavers convulsions or other grievous Symptomes be joyned therewith Also the womb in this Case is somtimes corrupted through distemper of the Air or by violent impulsion and becomes Gangraenated which necessitates it to be cut off The Disease being fresh and the womb coming not far out is more easily cured than when it is an old Infirmity and the womb comes far out In yonger women the womb is more easily restored to its place than in Elderly women Falling down of the womb by reason of the Ligaments being broken is incurable To come to the Cure The womb is to be thrust back into its Natural place and to be detained there and the fault of its Bands or Ligaments must be corrected If they be broken by things that do glue and sodder together if they be relaxed or slackened with things drying aftringent and strengthening All which may be done by the following Medicaments In the first place therefore That the womb may more easily be restored to its place the Guts and Bladder must be disburdened left pressing the Neck of the womb they should hinder its reduction forasmuch as the neck of the womb rests upon the streight Gut and the bladder rests upon the neck of the womb VVhen the Gutts and Bladder are discharged of their Excrements let the woman lie along upon her Back with her thighs wide asunder and her knees drawn upwards and let her with her hands thrust her womb inwards and force it still upwards into the neck so as to turn it inwards as it goes till all is returned within the cavity of the Belly which should contain the womb Or if she is not able to do it her self let her do it by help of the midwife or use a thick blunt ended stick with Cloaths wrapt about it by which it may be forced further into the Cavity of the Belly than is possible by the hands to drive it Or for fear of hurting her Body a Pessary may be made of Linnen Cloth often doubled and rowled together with a string tied fast thereunto and accommodated to this service of thrusting up of the womb But if the womb fallen from its place shall swell so that it cannot enter into the cavity of the Belly the swelling must in the first place be removed And if there be an inflamation such things must be applyed as are sit to heal the same If otherwise it be blown up such things must be used as will discuss the inflation Rodericus a Castro washes the swollen womb with a Decoction of Beets and then sprinkles it with vineger and salt and so when the swelling is aborted he reduceth the same The same Rodericus a Castro writes that it is very good towards restoring the fallen womb for a Physitian or a Chyrurgion to come with burning red hot Iron in his hand and to make as if he would thrust it into the womb by that means nature contracts her self and the womb with her and any other part that sticks out of the Body For he relates that a certain very expert Chyrurgion did by this stratagem force Back a mans Gutts that were ready to come out at a wound in his belly when other remedies did no good For holding a great red hot Iron in his hand the Patient looking on he made as if he would Clap it upon the wound VVith the sudden fright whereof the Gutts were presently drawn back into their place Avenzoar in his Second Theizir Tract 5 Chap. 4. Propounds some such thing as this When this disease saith he begins first to appear the Physitian may gently cure the same And it is reduced all these wayes viz. by your hand If you please and if not make her he on her Back and let some Body sit upon her brest and another upon her thighes and then cause her to be frighted putting some creeping Vermin upon her Leggs such as Mice Efts frogs and such like by which let her be so frighred as to endeavour to get away by drawing her Leggs and thighs up to her whereby all her Members and her whol Body may at once be contracted by which meanes the Womb will return unto its own place Zacutus Lusitanus following Avenzoar relates the following story in the 66 observation of his Second Book Coming to a woman saies he Which had her Womb fallen down the space of a year an half with extream hardness it seemed very hard by reason of its stretching out to be reduced to its place especially seeing Avenzoar saies that this work must be done before the Womb be grown hard I devised many remedies for this disease astringent Insessions Pessaries
of the extream bitterness is an enemy to the Child and is thought to open the mouths of the veines But if sometimes the use thereof seems necessary in some grevious infirmities of the stomach which are wont frequently to infest women with Child the first months of their being with Child bearing let it be carefully washed with Rose-water that the acrimony thereof may be taken away or let it be mixt with strengthening and astringent things as Rhubarb Mastich and such like Clysters are not very safe because by compressing the Womb they may cause abortion So that when there is need of them and in women accustomed to that kind of evacuation they must be made in less quantity and of such things as are rather mollfying and lenefying than much purging In a word touching Sweat-drivers Piss-drivers and such things as move the Courses our Opinion is That Movers of the Courses properly so called are never to be used in women with Child And Piss-drivers because they likewise are apt to bring down the Courses ought to be suspected and if the necessity of some disease require the use of them the gentler must be made choice of And finally Sweat-drivers may be safely given because they drive the humors out by the habit of the Body whereby no danger of abortion is incurred in so much that some women in the middle of their being with Child have bin Cured of the whores Pox without harm to their Child Chap. 17. Of Abortion or Miscarriage ABortion or Miscarriage is the bringing forth of an imperfect or unripe Child And consequently a child dead in the Womb is not counted an Abortion till it be excluded So that whether alive or dead Child be brought fourth not being ripe nor having attained to the just term of growth which it ought to have had in the Womb it is to be termed an Abortion or Miscarried Child The Causes of Abortion are some internal some external The internal may be reduced to four heads viz. to the Humors to the Child to the Womb and to the Mothers diseases The humors may cause Abortion while they offend in quantity or in quality They offend in Quantity either by way of excess or of Defect Humors offending by way of excess are seen in a Plethorick or over-full Constitution of Body for Blood being more plentyfull than is requisite to Nourish the Infant in the Womb flowes into the veines of the Womb and is excluded by way of the monthly Courses and brings away the Child with it Defect of Humor fitting to Nourish springs from such Causes which are able to draw the Nourishment from the Child as fasting whether voluntary or forced as when women with Child loath all kind of Meat or vomit it up again a thin diet in acute diseases immoderate bleeding by the Nose Haemorrhoides Womb or by immoderate Phlebotomy Whereupon Hippocrates in Aphor. 34. Sect. 5. If a woman with Child go very much to stool it is to be feared that she will Miscarry Hereunto may be referred extream leanness of the whol body wherein there is not Blood enough to nourish the Infant Of which Hippocrates in Aphor. 44. Sect. 5. Speakes thus Women with Child being very lean not by nature but accident as famin long-sicknes c. they Miscarry untill they get their flesh again In respect of the Child Abortion may happen if it be over great so that it cannot by reason of its bulk be contained in the Womb hence it falls often out that little Women miscarry especially if they be married to Men Bigger than ordinary whose Children grow very great and find not in the Womb place large enough to contain them till they come to their perfect growth Which made Hippocartes say In his Book of superfoetation If any Woman conceive frequently and do duly and at a certain period of time Miscarry as in her second third or fourth month or later the narrowness of her Womb is in fault which is not able to contain the Child as it grows great Also plurality of Children may cause abortion as when two or three or more are contained in the Womb at one time for then the Womb overloaden excludes the Children before the fit time which is the cause that Women often Miscarry of twinns Also the dead Child is to be reckoned among the causes of Abortion for as soon as the Child is dead Nature doth forthwith set her self to cast it forth Abortion happens in respect of the Womb it self if it be not of largness and capacity enough sufficiently to widen itself according as the child grows as was shewed above out of Hippocrates As also if there be any thing preternatural in the Womb as an Inflamation a Scirrhous Tumor an Impostume and very many diseases besides And finally if the Womb be overmoist and slack that it cannot contain the Child so well as it ought to do In respect of the Mothers diseases Abortion comes two waies First of all when as her diseases are communicated to the Child whereby it is killed or so weakened that it cannot receive due nourishment nor growth such as are continual and intermitting feavers the Whores-Pocks and many such like Secondly when the said diseases of the Mother do cause great evacuations or great commotions or the Body as â—â—rge Bleedings from what part of the Body soever fluxes of the Belly grievous swoonings Falling-sickness Vomiting and Tenesmus that is perpetual going to the stool and voiding nothing but a little slime which above all other diseases is wont to cause Abortion because by that frequent and almost continual endeavour of going to stool which perpetually attends this disease the Muscles of the Belly are perpetually contracted and do more compress the Womb than the streight Gutt upon which the Womb rests which continual compression or squeezing of the Womb doth at last cause Abortion External causes which further Abortion do some of them kill the Child others draw away its nourishment and others dissolve those bands wherewith the Child is fastened to the Womb. The Child is killed by greivous commotions of mind as Anger sadness Terror c. meates earnestly longed for and not obtained strong purging Medicaments such things as provoke the Courses such things as drive forth the Child such things as are reckoned by a secret property to destroy the Child in the Womb abominable smells especially the stink of a Candle ill put out The Child is deprived of its nourishment by the Mothers being famished and by immoderate loss of her Blood especially when the Child is big As Hippocrates teaches in the Aphor. 60 Sect. 5. The bands which fasten the Child to the Womb are loosed by vehement exercise Danceing Running Rideing or Jolting in a Coach or Cart carrying of an heavy weight or lifting it from the ground a violent fall and squelch a Blow upon the Belly that mauls the Child vehement motion of the Belly by coughing vomiting loosness neezing convulsions crying out immoderate or
known when the motion thereof ceaseth which either the Mother did feel or the Midwife perceive by hâ—r hand laid on or other warm and strengthening things which were wont to awaken and rouse up the powers thereof when they were in a slumber or stupified Also the Mothers find a greater sense of weight with which and pain of the Belly they are troubled when they turn from one side to another they perceive the Child to roul from one side to another like a Stone The lower part of their Belly feels very cold the native heat being extinguished and those spirits dissipated which were formerly in the Child their Eyes become hollow and troubled their face and Lips are pale their extream parts appear cold and of a Leaden-colour their Duggs become slap and flaggy and at length when the Child rots stinking moistures flow from the Womb like water and blood their belly is blown up with vapours asending thereunto a filthy smell and a stinking Breath comes both out of the Mouthes of such women and from their whol bodies If the After-Birth be excluded before the Child it is a certain token that the Child is dead in the Womb. As to the Prognostick A Child dead in the Womb is a very exceeding dangerous thing and if it be not timely voided forth it is wont to cause Feavers Faintings Dead-sleeps Convulsions and death it self Yet somtimes a Child dead in the Womb may be kept a long time as appears by many stories related by divers Authors which Schenkius hath collected in great number as rare Cases and Sennertus hath transcribed out of him touching many Women which have voided the Bones of Children dead and putrefied in the womb by their Water-gate their Dung-gate and by a Swelling that broke in their Belly I have seen one Woman which voided all the bones of her child by her Navel and her Navel growing afterwards whol again she recovered her perfect health The Cute consists wholly in the Exclusion or Extraction of the Child for seeing great danger of life at ends the Mother so long as the dead Child is in her Womb as soon as ever by the foregoing signs we certainly collect the Child is dead we must make hast to force it out Which is done by the same Remedies which were formerly propounded to hasten the Birth But among them we must chuse out the most strong and effectual whereunto some other things may be added which are yet stronger after this manner Take Leaves of Savin dried round Birth-wort Roots Troches of Mirrh and Castoreum of each one dram Cinnamon half a dram Saffron a scruple Mix all into a Pouder The Dose is a dram in Savin Water Or Take Dictamnus Creticus Savin Borax of each a dram Mirrh Asarum Roots Cinnamon Saffron of each half a dram Mix and make all into a Pouder The Dose is a dram in the foresaid or such like Liquor In the mean time let the Fomentations aforesaid be applied to the Privities the Share and space between the Water and the Dung-Gate adding Briony Roots Roots of wild Cucumer Florentine Orice round Birthwort called Aristolochia rotunda and Broom-flowers After Fomentation anoint the said Parts with Vnguentum de Arthanita or with this following Take Aristolochia rotunda or round Birthwort Coloquintida and Agarick of each one dram Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Wine and Bulls Gall of each two drams With Oleum Cherinum as much as shall suffice Make all into an Oyntment Also let this Pessary be put up into the Womb Take Aristolochia rotunda Orice Root Black Hellebore Coloquintida Mirrh of each one dram Galbanum Opopanax of each half a dram With Ox Gall make all into a Pessary Or this Take Ammoniacum Opopanax Castorium Sagapenum black Hellebore wild Vine round Birthwort Pulp of Coloquintida Scammony of each one scruple Euphorbium one dram With Juyce of Rue Bindweed wild Cucumer and an Oxes Gaul make all into a Pessary Zacutus Lusitanus in Obs â—54 of the Second Book of his strange and Admirable Cures doth testisie that a dead Child in the ninth months growth producing many Symptomes in the Mother was driven out by this Pessary and by help of an Oyly Bath wherein was mixed the Decoction of such Herbs as do open and widen the Passages of the Body A Fumigation of Galbanum or an Asses Hoof may be received by a Funnel into the Womb. If the Matter hang long it will be good the woman being sufficiently strong to give her a purging Medicine whereby evil Humors which in this case are easily collected may be evacuated and the dead Child comequently cast forth Angelus Sala in his Book which he calls Triumphus Emeticorum that is the Triumph of Vomits doth witness That in this case he had often with happy success given four or five grains of Mercurius vitae which doth most powerfully expel the dead Child and excel all other Medicines in that point Which notwithstanding in regard of its vehement working requires great Caution and Discretion in the Physitian that would use it If after Medicines long tried the dead Child cannot be ejected we must implore the Chyrurgions aid Who may pull it out either by Instruments as Paulus Aegineta describes the manner or only help of the hand as is taught by Carolus Stephanus Bauthine and others all which are diligently transcribed by Schenkius and Sennertus Chap. 20. Of the After-birth retained IN a Natural Birth commonly the Secundine is excluded presently after the Child yet somtimes it is retained in the Womb by which means the Mother is in great Danger of her life The internal Causes of this retention are the over thickness of those coats and their too great compactness by which means they cling more fast to the sides of the Womb their being swelled through conâ—luence of humors which is stirred up in a laborious Travel weakness of the Mother caused by hard Labor so that she wants strength to exclude the After-Birth and the shutting up of the Mouth of the womb after the Child is come away But the external causes are the Cold Air by force whereof the Secundine is repelled and the Wombs mouth stopped Certain smells by which the Womb may be enticed upwards or agitated some greivous passion of mind as fear or suddain terror or frowardness of the Childing woman which will not abide in such a posture nor use such endeavours as are necessary to this work the over great weight of the Infant by which the Navil-string is broak unawards and the secundine is left within and the Error of an unexperienced Midwife which cuts the Navil-strings too soon or holds them not fast in her leâ—t Hand as she ought to do for if she let them go they are drawn back into the Womb and there lie hid with the After-Birth which they ought to have holpen to pull out The Tokens of a Secundine retained are needless its apparant of it self yet somtimes a bit thereof is severed from the whol and
begun and an Inflamation bred which proves very troublesom whether the woman be sufficiently purged or not the superior Veins are presently to be opened right against the Part affected because such an Evacuation draws Blood out of the Part Affected But if the inferior Veins should be opened which are neither next the part affected neither can evacuate therefrom both the strength of the Patient will be weakened by the evacuation and that matter which is by Nature driven into a corner and subdued wil not be thereby diminished And so you must either draw all her blood in a manner out of her Veins to revel the matter of the Disease from the part affected or the woman will be killed by the Disease before sufficient Revulsion be made Neither need we fear lest by taking blood from the upper Veins we should draw the Course thereof from the womb because in such Cases the superior parts of the Body do abound with blood And although much blood be taken away yet are not the Veins so emptied that they should be forced to draw new blood from other parts Yet for the greater Caution it will not be unprofitable before blood be taken from the superior Veins to cause the Thighs to be lustily rubbed and presently after to tie them with bands so hard as to pain the woman which must abide so bound til the bleeding be over and a little after they may be loosened and now and then Cupping-Glasses must be fastened to the same parts or at least they must be again wel rubbed So we may procure an evacuation of the Matter offending and yet preserve the Natural course of the blood towards the Womb. The same course is to be taken in vehement and burning Feavers For although the matter offending be dispersed through the Body yet is the burning heat so great about the Heart and Bowels that it cannot be so wel extinguished by the opening of a smal and far distant Vein as by the opening of a neerer and greater such as is the Vein called Basilica This Method of Curing may be observed not only in Child-bed women but in other women who are taken with Acute Diseases and have their monthly Courses upon them If in the end of a Womans Lying-In an acute Disease befal her the same Course must be followed as in the middle the same conditions being observed observing this for a Rule That by how much a woman is further from the beginning of her Lying-In by so much more safely may the uper Veins be opened but the neerer she is to the beginning yea even in the middle we are to open those Veins with the greater premeditation And if the Disease be not importunate nor the sharpness thereof require such a thing and the Natural Purgation be copious we must wholly abstain But if the Purgation be scanty we must open the inferior Veins to supply that which is wanting in the Evacuation But if the contrary shal happen let us follow that Rule which we presceibed to be followed in followed in the urgency of an acute Disease The use of Purging in Childing Women that are held with acute Diseases shal be comprehended in these following Maxims While the Child-bed Purgations do Naturally flow a Purge is never to be administred for it is to be feared lest Nature be diverted from her business But if the Child-bed Purgations are not kindly we must consider whether their consist its Quantity or in Quality If they offend in Quantity so as to be too little so that the woman be purged either not at al or not sufficiently After al Remedies fit to procure these Purgations have been given in vain and the Morbisick matter appears digested eight ten or twelve daies being past since she was brought to Bed according to the more or less urgency of the Disease she may be purged gently wholly abstaining from al stronger Purgatives If other Purgations offend only in Quality so that a white flux or some other unnatural color do proceed from her the Matter being ripe she may in the last part of her Lying-In be safely purged But this must evermore be generally observed That by how much the longer a Childing Woman is distant from the day of her bringing to bed by so much the more safely she may be purged and contrarywise For Experience hath taught us That women wanting their Child-bed Purgations if after the seventh or ninth day they are taken with a loosness they commonly scape But if the Loosness seize upon them upon the first daies viz. on the secoed third or fourth for the most part they die And so have we finished the Cures of Womens Sicknesses all Praise and Honor be given to God therefore The End of the Fifteenth Book THE SIXTEENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of Diseases of the Joynts and Rhewmatick Pain of the whol Body The PREFACE THough all Diseases of the Joynts depend upon the same Causes differing only in respect of the place affected and are wont to be cured with the same Medicines yet is there some difference between the Sciatica or Hip-Gout and the pains of other Joynts by reason of the structure and largeness of those parts of which the Huckle or Hip-bone is articulated and made up in respect of which it requires some diversity in certain Medicines therefore it is that I have resolved to treat of the Sciatica by it self And because the Rhewmatick pain incident to the whol Body hath great Affinity with the running Gout which afflicts only the Joynts I have thought good to annex the Explication thereof in this place so that this Book will consist only of three Chapters Of which The First will treat of the Pains of the Joynts in General The Second of the Pains of the Huckle-bone called Sciatica The Third of those Rhewmatick Pains which seize all Parts of the Body Chap. 1. Of Pain in the Joynts called Arthritis or the Gout ARthritis or the Gout is a pain in the Joynts which comes for the most part by fits stirred up by an Influx of Humors into the said Joynts The parts pained are Membranes Tendons Nerves and al the Nervous parts that are neer the Joynts which are stretched by the Humor which flows into them or by their sharpness are pricked and twitched but the Ligaments which spring out of the Bones are void of sence Now the Humors which cause the Gout do seldom flow into the very Cavities of the Joynts and that only in an old Gout and where the Cavities are wider than ordinary as it happens in an old Sciatica in which somtimes the Thigh-bone fals out of its place the Ligaments and other parts binding the Joynts together being loosened and then the Cavity of the Joynt is filled with a snotty kind of flegm as we see in Hippocrates Apor 59. Sect. 6. It is wont here to be demanded why the Humors flowing into Nervous and Membranous Parts and distending and twitching then they should not cause a
color in 〈…〉 pained 〈◊〉 and immediate Cause therefore of this Disease is a wheyish Humor which by reason of 〈…〉 doth not swel the parts and because of the substance thereof not apt to turn into Matter 〈…〉 it never makes any Imposthume but only a certain Inflamatory disposition arising from 〈…〉 of the wheyish Humor 〈◊〉 the Primary Original of this Disease ought to be ascribed to the Liver which being affected 〈◊〉 an hot distemper and being weakened breeds not blood convenient for to nourish and affects 〈◊〉 whol Body with the like weakness whereby it becomes exceedingly disposed to receive all suâ—â—â—â—luities And from the same Distemper and weakness of the Liver great quantities of evil Huâ—ors do arise which being long detained in the Veins and Arteties they become vitiously corrupted â—â—d are there dissolved and turned into the Nature of Whey and Blood-watry Liquors and as an 〈◊〉 burden are by Nature cast off into the ignoble Parts she being not strong enough to drive â—â—em out of the whol Body Now these wheyish and blood-watry Humors being very sharp do 〈◊〉 and cut as it were those parts unto which they are carried from whence pains and torments 〈◊〉 And although we conceive the Liver to be the primary Cause and Original of this Disease 〈◊〉 is apparent that these Humors do somtimes flow immediately from the Brain because the 〈◊〉 do often begin in the Neck and afterwards do descend unto the Shoulders and Arms. But the 〈◊〉 â—eneration of these sharp Humors was in the over-heated Liver which being translated from 〈◊〉 into the Brain do from thence afterward fal down into the inferior parts 〈◊〉 although these Humors are expelled by the Veins in manner of a Crisis yet is not their motion 〈◊〉 but is performed by little and little viz. When those evil Humors and corrupted 〈◊〉 for work in the Veins and are afterward leisurely by the Veins expelled and vomited as it 〈◊〉 for which cause this motion is wont fitly to be called the Vomiting of the Veins 〈◊〉 a ferous or wheyish Humor is the principal Cause of these pains many Reasons do convince 〈◊〉 because ordinarily they cause no swelling nor change of color in the part affected howbeit 〈◊〉 when the Humor doth much abound it raiseth the part into a little and very red Swelling which nevertheless is easily discussed Secondly Because these pains are exceeding movable and â—â— seize now this now that part of the Body and are suddenly gone from one part into another the former part being quickly wel and free from al pain which sudden mutations cannot come but from an Humor very apt to move and exceeding thin Thirdly Because this Disease is often terminated by Sweating Fourthly Because there appear many tokens of abundant Serosities in such as are troubled with this Disease Thin and abundant Urines beyond the Quantity of what they drink and abundance of Wheyish Humors appearing in the Blood that is taken from them And although a wheyish Humor be the principal and most frequent Cause of these Rheumatick 〈◊〉 yet probable it is that wind doth somtimes concur in the production of these pains Which we may conjecture by the quick Passage of the pain from one place to another and because there is â—â— weight or heaviness felt in the parts pained This is the Opinion of Avicenna who seems to deâ—â—ribe this Disease and to assign windy Vapors for the Cause thereof Fen. 1. Book 3. Tract 2. Chap. 7. in these words In pain Caused by winds the extension of the part is encreased the heaviness diminished somtimes it is with pricking somtimes with Corrosion and in a flatuous Pain there is no Heaviness And somtimes there is a Change of the Pain from one place to another These are the words of Avicenna unto which he Joyns these following which seem to come nearer the description of this Disease we treat of And the wind is somtimes in the Coates and fibres of the Members as in the Collick from wind or in the Coats of the Muscles and under the membranes and upon the Bones or in the Circumference of the Muscles between the soft flesh and the Skin or lurking in the Member it self And if any shall object that Diseases arising from wind do not endure so long because windy Vapours are soon discussed We shall answer that a wind conteined in the Parts Pained is easily discussed whence comes often change of Pains from one Part to another but there is a seminary in the Veins from whence winds may perpetually arise afterwards be carried to the Parts aforesaid Now this Seminary of winds is a thick viscid Humor and flegmatick which the Blood taken from them doth often testifie to be redundant in such as are troubled with these Pains it being frequently thick and clammy like Glew in appearance like crude and putrid flegm The knowledg of this Disease may easily be learned out of what hath been said yet shall we discource thereof a little more fully First therefore the Parts affected with these Pains viz. the Muscles and their Membrans and the Membranes which infold the bones do distinguish this Disease from all other For allthough the Pains of the Lechers Pocks do possess both the Joynts and the spaces between the Joynts and specially the membranes covering the bones yet they differ herein because they do not so universally infest the whol Body neither are so continual night and day for they vex the Party only in the nights and very little in the day time neither do they hinder the Patients from their business commonly whereas this Rheumatick Pain doth Nail them to their Beds so as they can hardly stirr themselves neither can those that look to them once so much as move without great trouble and encrease of their Torments And finally other signs of the Whores Pox have preceded or are present as Gonorrhea the Whores Boil Putrefaction of the Privities and such like Other symptomes also there are accompanying this Disease which help much to the knowledg thereof For if you lay your hand upon the Part pained you feel a kind of sharpness with Heat commonly there is a Feaver Joyned therewith but it is very small and some times there is none at all The Blood which is taken away is evidently corrupted thick and clammy like glew and after many times bleeding it is ful of wheyish moisture and so changed that it hath not the appearance of Blood When the Pain is quite gone or intermits there remains no weakness in the Part as is usuall in the Gout Purging Medicaments at the beginning do no good nor things outwardly applied to the Part affected they do rather augment the Disease and the Pain but when the Disease begins to decline both are profitable As for the Prognostick this Disease is seldom or never deadly but is very troublesome to the Patient by its length for it continues two or three months if it be without a Feaver nay verily
heated with the Sun Fire or Stove by which means hot air being drawn in with the Breath and received by the Pores of the Body it doth inflame the Spirits Also by Surfetting Drunkenness and especially by over large taking in of Meats and Drinks that are of an hot Nature as Peppered Meats and stroog Wines by which more Vapors are raised than can exhale Also by Retention of hot Excrements and that not only of the Dung and Urine but especially of those Sooty Vapors which are wont to pass through the Pores of the Skin if those Pores be shut up with cold an Alluminous Bath and such like Causes Also this Ephemera Feaver is bred of internal Causes as from a Bubo and other Swellings of the Thighs or Arms especially whiles they break from an hot fiery Swelling of the Extremities of the Body when hot Matter shut up together in one certain place doth offend the Heart not by its putrefaction but heat alone Also by some smal Obstruction of the Vessels by which means the sooty exhalations being retained do cause a Feaver as is wont to happen in Distillations when they arise in hot Natures and a thick habit of Body This Feaver is known both when some of the Causes specified hath gone before and also by a swift frequent and great Pulse breathing frequent and great Headach and Heat there is neither cold nor shaking no sence of weariness nor want of Appetite Yet may there be somtimes a shivering or shaking fit namely when the Feaver is occasioned by the heat of the Sun or by cold Feeling the Patients Hand we find a mild and gentle heat the Urine is concoct like that of one in health unless by some Obstruction or Crudity it be changed It is commonly terminated in the space of twenty four hours with an easie gentle Sweat yet it reacheth somtimes unto the third day which if it pass it degenerates into a simple Synochus a Putrid or an Hectick Feaver For the Cure of this Feaver the Ancients did chiefly use a bath of luke-warm Water which they did also frequently use in their Health But seeing it is in these times out of use neither is it in practice in the Cure of these Feavers Neither is it counted safe in regard of a Plethorick or Cacochymical Constitution of Body Putrefaction or flux of Rheum which may be in such bodies or may be feared wil happen But this Feaver is better cured by a Cooling and Moistening Diet as Barley Cream Cooling Broths Smal Drink and Sugar common Ptisan Drink or Fountain Water with Syrup of Lemmons Maiden-hair mixed there with But the Cure admits some variation according to the Nature of the Cause So if it spring from the Heat of the Sun or Air a cooling Diet is good and the Patient must be conveighed into a cool lodging and Vinegar of Roses must be applied to his Forehead to the Temples and former part of the Head it self if there be pain as commonly there is when the Feaver comes from the heat of the Sun If it come from being in the Cold especially if the Patient being hot with Exercise went presently into the Cold Sweat must be provoked especially towards the end of the Fit If it come from the Skins thickness and closing up of the pores the same Cure must be used and to both these Causes smal Wine very well allaied with Water may be convenient because it opens the pores and helps to sweat If the Disease was caused by Labor the Patient must rest and be nourished more liberally with Meat of easie Digestion If from weariness the Patient must be artificially rubbed Tranquillity of mind and cheerfulness must be opposed to Anger and Choller must be tempered with Meat and Drink of a cooling Nature To Sadness Recreation of the Mind is a Remedy and the use of thin smal Wine If the Feaver was caused by watching let the Patient sleep by application of things convenient If by fasting let the Patient eat cooling Meats of good Juyce If by over eating or drinking let the Patient abstain from Meat and Drink not omitting such things as strengthen the Stomach both inwardly given and outwardly applied also with an Emollient and Laxative Clyster part of the Crudities is to be taken away If Putrefaction be feared Vomit may be procured or a Purge given If the Feaver arise of Obstructions we must consider whether the Patient be Plethorick or Cacochymical viz. Whether the whol Mass of blood be over great or only some bad Humors abound in the blood If the Patient be too ful of blood blood-letting must be advised if evil Humors only abound a Purge must be prescribed And if the Obstruction wil not easily be removed this Feaver changeth into some of the other sorts of Feavers whose Cures shal be described in their proper places Chap. 2. Of the Feaver Synochus Simplex THe Causes of the Feaver Ephemera aforesaid if they light upon a Plethorick Body and thick skinned they cause the Feaver Synochus Simplex Yet may this Feaver arise only from abundance of Blood stuffing the Veins and yielding many Vapors more than can breath through the pores of the Skin This Feaver is known by a thick and swelling habit of Body the color of the Body and Face is ruddy the Head is pained with a stretching or distending kind of pain the Patient is sleepy hath a beating in the Temples is unquiet hath a straitness in the Chest with difficulty of breathing the Pulse is great even frequent full the Veins strut with blood whence a stretching kind of weariness doth proceed the Urine is thick little differing in color from a Natural Urine only somwhat redder the heat is to ones hand mild tempered with a steamy Vapor the Feaver holds an even progress for either it holds one and the same tenor or it lessens by degrees or it encreaseth equally never remitting or ceasing Whence there are reckoned three Differences of this Feaver For that which continually encreaseth is called Epacmastica That which continually decreaseth is called Paracmastica That which keeps one and the same tenor is called Homotonos or Acmastica It lasts til the fourth day and somtimes til the seventh and then it is terminated by bleeding or sweating and if it be further prolonged it degenerates into Synochus Putrida The Cure of this Feaver is performed by blood-letting by cooling and by opening the pores of the Skin Galen in the ninth Book of his Method Chap. 4. cures this Feaver by two Remedies only viz. Letting of Blood til the Patient faint away and by giving a great quantity of Water to the Patient to drink Blood-letting is absolutely necessary in this Disease because it is bred by fulness of blood and a Vein must presently be opened at what hour soever the Physitian is called unless the Patients Stomach be ful of Meat the digestion whereof must be expected for certain hours And although Blood must be plentifully drawn and Galen reports in
the Caul or the Pancrea or other Parts or also somtimes when the Child or After-birth are corrupted in the Womb. And hence not only slow Feavers but somtimes also acute ones do arise according to the different Nature of the putrefactions And finally to this kind of slow Feavers those are to be referred which are found in Cachectical persons and in Maids which have the Green-Sickness which Fernelius conceives do arise from a light putrefaction of wheyish flegm shed abroad in the Body Besides these forenamed differences of continual Feavers which are most frequent and are commonly set down by Authors there are also some other arising from peculiar and extraordinary Causes which somtimes we meet with in our Practice The Case of a certain Infant may serve for example propounded by Zechius in his 46. Counsel The Infant was scarce two yeares old and had a continual Feaver with most greivous Symptomes viz. Unquietness convulsions and continual stomach Sickness enclining to Vomit and it was conjectured that there was some Malignity adjoyned because such greivous symptomes did not answer to that Feaver For al the external Parts were cold though the inner Parts were burned with heat as appeared by the heat about the brest and under the short Ribs and also from the dryness and blackness of the Tongue The Cause of which was blood putrifying conteined in the stomach For this Infant being tongue-tied was lately cut by a Chirurgion in which work some Veins or other was opened which shed some blood into the stomach which putrefying there by sending forth hot putrid and as it were poisonous Vapors into the heart and Brain was the Cause of al the symptomes aforesaid But how this cause was found out and removed it is worth the while here to recite out of the Story of Zechius So often quoth he as I diligently consider with my self how hard a thing it is to understand internal Diseases and thier causes I come easily to be of the mind that Hippocrates in his second Book of vulgar Diseases Sect. 4. did not without greatest premeditation leave in writing then in the Curing of all hidden Diseases the Physitian must diligently enquire the first assault of the Disease that is to say the first occasion of the Patients illness For of that for the most part depends the knowledg both of the Cause and Cure See an Example hereof This Disease of the Gentlemans Child was very acute and the Cause very hard to find had not I diligently asked of the Parents touching the conditions of the Child and the Nurse who told me that two daies before its being first ill a certain Chyrurgeon had cut the Membrane whereby the Tongue of it was fastened to the parts beneath it And when I again asked them if presently after this was done they had caused the Child to be held forward or if any blood had come out of its mouth they said no it was neither so held neither came any blood from the mouth of it Whereupon I presently conjectured that blood was fallen from the place cut into the Stomach and there putresied and was the cause of the Disease and symptomes aforesaid Neither did my Opinion deceive me for having given it Oyl of sweet Almonds to make it vomit it uttered a considerable quantity of clotted blood and matterish Also it voided with a Clyster many clodders of blood And presently by the blessing of God Almighty the Feaver was abated and all Symptomes began to cease Whereupon it fell greedily and lustily on sucking its Nurse and all the following night it slept quietly and was afterward perfectly well The Diagnostick Signs of putrid continual Feavers do some of them shew the continu'ty others the putrefaction and the rest the peculiar differences of them The continuity is easily known in that the Feavers is continual and hath no intermision The putrefaction is signified by a sharper heat than ordinary and more biting and by a sharp and biting Sooty vapor produced by the exhalation of putrid Humors The pulse is not only great and frequent and oftentimes unequal but it hath this peculiar property That the Systole is quicker than the Diastole because the Expulsion of Sooty Excrements is more necessary than refrigeration The Urins are in the beginning crude or very little digested The Exacerbations or fits keep their certain times which yet is not to be understood of the Feaver Synochus A cold shaking fit at the beginning of the Disease Hereunto are added various Symptomes commonly accompanying putrid Feavers as Ilness of stomach vomiting heaviness of the body pain of the head raving giddiness of the head hiccoughs anxiety heart-burning thirst roughness and blackness of the tongue stretching of the parts under the short ribs and the rest Before which preceded weariness without labor pursiness troubled sleeps watchings tension of the parts under the short ribs difficult breathing pain and pulsation of the head stomach-sickness want of Appetite plenty of stinking Excrements frequent yawnings and reachings or some of these But the peculiar Differences of continual putrid Feavers may be discerned by these Signs following A continual putrid Feaver called Synochus putrida hath the same signs which were propounded in Synocha simplici but more vehement for the heat is more sharp the watchings head-ach thirst disquiet and other Symptomes are more vehement also the pulse is unequal so that the Systole appears greater than the Diastole the Urines are crude red and thick The Signs of a Feaver from Choller are burning pain a pulse mighty frequent and swift a sharp Urine fiery in the beginning alwaies crude without Sediment Stomach-sickness Chollerick vomitings and Stools Chollerick much anxiety mighty thirst bitterness of the mouth driness and blackness of the tongue watchings raving and an ulcerous kind of weariness soregoing paleness of Face or a citrine Color youthful Age temperature hot and dry Summer season hot and dry Diet Chollerick Evacuations suppressed And a continual Tertian is distinguished from a Synochus biliosa or continent Feaver springing of Choller because it hath Exacerbations or fits every third day but the Synochus biliosa keeps stil one and the same tenor The Signs of a continual Quotidian are Heat at first rather vaporous than biting afterwards somwhat sharp but unequal because of the thickness of the Humor which is difficultly dissolved the Urines are at first white watry troubled afterward somwhat red and thick the Pulse is seldomer slower and less than in the rest of these Feavers thirst little or none seldom sweat unless there be salt flegm the Face of the Patient is somwhat bloat or blown up lax flaggy and as it were Lead colored Drowziness want of Appetite flegmatick Excretions a cold and moist Temperament old Age Winter Season Cold and Moist Diet Evacuations suppressed and a dayly Excretion of the Disease A continual Quartan is known by these Signs The Heat is less sharp than in Feavers of Choller yet sharper than in Feavers of Flegm likewise
by Alteratives and Dier For it somtimes falls out when there is some evil disposition of the Bowels causing a protraction of the Feaver that so long as Medicaments are given so long the Disease continues because that Nature is weakened Which afterwards Purgation being omitted gathers strength concocts the Cause of the Disease and being concocted expels the same But if a lingring Feaver arise from Obstructions as is often seen in Children frequent and very gentle Purging which draws away the Humors by little and little is wont to remove the Disease especially if the Purgation be compounded with Rhubarb which both opens obstructions and strengthens the bowels The Commendations whereof celebrated by Montanus in his tenth Counsel of Feavers is worthy to be set down in this place He setting down the Cure of a Boy that had a lingring Feaver arising from Obstructions Among other things I shall commend saith he one which I have by long Experience found never to fail viz. That he take every day the Infusion of Rhubarb in Endive Water For I never knew Feaver from Obstructions which was not cured by this Medicament provided it were constantly taken without weariness or giving over For I have somtimes seen most gross Humors impacted into the narrow passages of the Body and such Obstructions as by reason of the weakness of Natural heat could hardly be removed cured by Rhubarb My Course therefore hath been to take one pint of Endive Water and therein to infuse a dram of Rhubarb tied in a thin piece of Linnen Of which Infusion having lightly pressed out the Rhubarb I give four ounces in the morning and this is the Dose for Children Neither do I cease giging this Medicament until I see the Feaver and Obstructions wholly gone For they will doubtless be cured if all other things be rightly ordered and suitable to the Cure So far Montanus But we are wont ordinarily to use a Diet Drink made with Rhubarb which to such Children as are troubled with a lingring Feaver and Obstructions I am wont to give for their ordinary Drink with good success It is thus made Half a dram or a dram of Rhubarb according as the Child can endure the tast thereof grosly poudered and tied in a Rag is infused in two or three pints of smal Beer or Ale an whol day cold Of this the Child drinks for a month together or longer if the stubbornness of the Disease require the same Whereunto if the Feaver be very remiss and the Child flegmatick a little Wine or stronger Beer or Ale may somtimes be added to qualifie the unpleasing tast of the Rhubarb After Purgation of the Morbifick Matter Nature is for the most part accustomed in the declination of the Disease to purge away the reliques of the Matter offending by Urine which we may discern because the Urines are then more thick or more plentiful than ordinary which endeavor of Nature must be assisted by Diuretick Medicaments which are most temperate such as are Emulsions and the Openers formerly set down in Juleps or Broths whereunto if the Feaver be very gentle some Roots of Fennel and Parsley or Leaves of Wormwood may be added and that especially in Feavers of Flegm and continual Quotidians But if Nature do expel the Reliques of the Morbifick Matter to the habit of the Body Sudoroficks are to be used not those hot ones which are more properly called Sudoroficks but others more temperate which are the same in a manner with the Diureticks and being of an attenuating faculty do dispose the Humors in such sort as Nature may more easily expel them by what place or way soever she is most enclined Howbeit to these may be added Carduus Water Spirit of Vitriol and other things which shall be more fully described when we shall treat of Malignant Feavers Besides inward Medicaments divers things are also outwardly applied to temperate the Feaverish heat to confirm the strength of the principal parts or to open the Pores of the Skin and draw out the smoaky Vapors and Feaverish Heat viz. Epithems Liniments and other things to be applied unto the Region of the Heart Liver and other parts Which are invented to mitigate the Heat and are not to be applied save in the state or declination of the Disease when the Heat diffuseth it self to the exterior parts not in the beginning or augment while it resides yet about the bowels nor yet when the Crisis is at hand An Epithem to be applied to the Region of the Heart may be thus compounded Take the Waters of Bugloss Sorrel Water-lillies Roses of each three ounces Vinegar of Roses or juyce of Lemmons one ounce the Pouders of Diamargaritum frigidum and Triasantalon of each one dram Camphire and Saffron of each five grains mix all Make hereof an Epithem to applied warm with Scarlet Cloth For the more strengthening and to make it smel the sweeter ad three ounces of Orange flower Water and one dram of Confectio Alkermes Where we desire yet more potently to strengthen solid Epithems are applied unto the Heart made after this or the like manner Take Conserves of Bugloss and Roses of each one ounce Confectio Alkermes two drams Pouder of Diamargaritum frigidum one dram and an half With Juyce of Lemmons or Rose Water make a solid Epithem to be applied after the liquid one aforesaid Or one yet more Cordial may in form of a Liniment be thus made Take Confectio Alkermes and de Hyacintho of each three drams Pouder of Triasantalon and Diamargaritum frigidum of each two drams With Water of Roses make all into the form of a Liniment or Oyntment wherewith smear the Beâ—ion of the Heart Also to strengthen to and drive out the Sooty Vapours and the Feaverish heat young Pidgeons are very good being split through the Back bone and applied to the Region of the Heart which likewise are oftentimes sprinkled with cordial Pouders as Diamargaritum frigidum and Triasantalon Or before they be applied the Region of the Heart is smeared with Confectio Alkermes and the cordial Liniment aforesaid Also to the Liver Epithems are wont to be applied which are made commonly after this manner Take Waters of endive Cichory Sorrel and Roses of each three ounces Lettice Water two ounces Vinegar of Roses half an ounce Pouder of the Electuary Triasantalon one dram and an half Spodium half a dram Camphire ten grains Make of all an Epithem For to cool more powerfully an Epithem may somtimes be made of Juyces after this manner Take Juyce of Cichory and Endive of each half a pound Juyce of Lettice and Vinegar of Roses of each two ounces Pouder Triasantalon two drams Mix all and make thereof an Epithem Now it is very profitable to apply cooling Epithems not only to the Liver but to the whol Region of the Hypochondriaes for they do not only further Coction but also help the distemper of the bowels and hinder the principal Parts from a deadly Consumption The
Region of the Liver may likewise be anointed with this following Oyntment which also may be applied to the Reins and Loins Take Oyntment of Roses one ounce and an half Ceratum Santalinum one ounce Juyce of Endive one ounce and an half Oyl of Roses and Wax as much as shall suffice to make a Liniment Whereunto add a little Vinegar of Roses at the time of anointing Also cooling things are profitably applied to the stones because of the great consent between them and the principal parts of the body they therfore being cooled the heat of the whol body is in great measure extinguished To which purpose such an Epithem as this following may be made Take Waters of waterlilly Plantain Roses and Cichory of each three ounces Vineger of Roses one ounce and half White wine two ounces Mix all and dip a cloath therein cold and warp the same about the Stones Also the cooling of the hands and feet doth great good because of the Consent they have with the whol body by reason of the Arteries Veins and Nerves which end in those parts Neither need we fear least it should hinder the voidance of excrements by the pores because they are few that come that way so that there comes more good than hurt by the cooling of those parts The Patients may therefore hold in their hands balls of marble Ivory Brafs or Lead Or they may hold their hands in cold Water with a little Wine and Vineger mingled therewith To the soales of their Feet may be applied the Leaves of Lettice of Water Lilly wet in Water and Vineger Or to wash both Hands and Feet the following Decoction may be provided Take Leaves of Lettice Violets House-Leek Purslain Vine Leaves and Willow-Leaves of each one handful Heads or Leaves of Poppy if the Patient rest not an handful Vineger one ounce white Wine two ounces Fountain Water as much as shal suffice Make of al a Decoction Hereunto may be added if you please a little Quantity of Lie for to strengthen the Joynts Herewith let the Hands and Arms the Legs and Thighs of the Patient be washed warm twice in a day or once at bed time We are furthermore to note that the Antients frequently used baths of fresh Water to cure putrid Feavers as we may see in Galen in his Book de Marcore Cap. 7. and in the 11. of his Method Chap. 9. and 20. and in his 1. to Glauco Chap. 9. and those baths were either cold in a vehement Feaver such as is an exquisite burning Feaver or Blood warm in the declination of Feavers when the signs of Concoction appeared But in this Age of ours these kind of baths cannot be used without danger and they are convenient only in one Case viz. when the Feavers become very lasting and possessing a body hot and dry and lean seems likely to turn to an Hectick And onething yet more I shal ad for a Conclusion of all that if the Feaver terminate with some Crisis the reliques of the Morbifick matter must be taken away with a Purge especially if the Crisis were by way of Sweat or bleeding For by those Evacuations only the thinner portion of the matter is voided forth but the thicker being left behind as afresh inflamed and brings the Patient into a Relaps Only therefore that Critical Evacuation which is wont to proceed by way of Stool is secure from a Relaps Yet must we not so confide therein as to abstain usually from al Purgation For the Parts about the Midriff are yet foul and do corrupt the nutriment which comes into those Quarters from whence proceeds either a relapse into the former or some new Disease Therefore it is for the best way as some latter Physitians have observed by repeating once and again a gentle Purge so to clense away al the remainders of the morbifick Cause that all fear of a Relapse and al occasion of another Disease may be taken away Chap. 2. Of the Symptomes which accompany Putrid Feavers ALL Authours in a manner who have writ of Feavers have described those Symptoms which either accompany or follow upon them with their Cures at the end of their work that so they might be best accommodated to al kinds of Feavers Which Counsel of their though I shal not disallow yet I have thought it much more commodious for the service of Practitioners to Joyn them immediately after the Doctrin of putrid Feavers seeing in those kind of Feavers they are wont to be most vehement and frequent and require peculiar Remedies So that although very many Symptoms are wont to be Cured by the Remedies aforesaid accommodated to the Cause and the Disease yet very many there are more offensive than the Disease it self which are here breifly to be discribed Head-ach Want of Sleep and Ravings are Cured in a manner with the self same remedies viz. Revellers repellers derivers resolvers and anodines Revellers are emollient Clysters and such as are Laxative Gentle Purgations Blood-letting Cupping-Glasses and washing the Feet Repellers are frontals Vinegars Roses Unguents Or Liniments Derivers are opening of the forehead Vein and Vesicatories Resolvers are certain Oyls and certain Live Creatures applied to the Head which likewise are Anodines And while the foresaid Remedies are used Juleps are given and Emulsions to temper and qualifie hot and sharp Humors After all these come narcotick Medicines which are not to be used but upon extream necessity when other things wil do no good The matter of al which Medicaments is set down in our Chapters of the Phrensy and Head-ach proceeding from an hot Cause But in the administration of the said Medicaments one thing must be diligently noted that they be not to be used when the Crisis of the Feaver is near for they would then disturb the motion of Nature and hinder the Crisis Which is to be understood as of al the rest so more especially of the narcoticks Against want of sleep and Ravings a Cataplasm laid to the Soals of the Feet wil be very good being made of fresh gourds beaten the Leaves of the larger HouseLeek of Lettice and such like As also to wash the Feet with a Decoction of refrigerating Herbs For by this means the Coldness is communicated through the Nerves unto the Brain Convulsions in Feavers especially Malignant ones do somtimes happen by reason of Malignant Vapors which vex and fret the Skins which cover the Brain called Meninges Against which convulsion fits we must use revelling Clysters and Cupping-Glasses also often give in Juleps or broaths Epileptick Pouders and finally anoint the Patients Back-bone with Oyl of Chamomel Violets Sweet Almonds and of the Jndian Nut. When profound sleep happens to such as are in Feavers the same Remedies are given which have been described in the Cure of sleepy Diseases only observing this one thing that we give no very hot Medicine inward The thirst of Persons Feaverish is cheifly allaied with refrigerating and moistening drinks But if thirst be so
Restorative Broths with Juyce of Pomegranates sowr Grapes Pouders of Corals Pearls shavings of Ivory Sanders or Baulaustians Juleps of the Waters of Roses Lettice Purslain with Syrup of Pomegranates dryed Roses or Quinces Conserved Electuaries of Conserve of Roses Corals Pearls Terra Sigillata pouders of Diamargaritum frigidum and such like AN APPENDIX In the Cure of most acute and pernicious Feavers one thing is diligently to be noted that such Feavers seldom happen without some inward and peculiar disorder and commonly Inflamations of some of the inward Bowels as Liver Spleen c. So that we must evermore be careful of the Parts under the short Ribs of the Head the Breast the Womb Reins and Bladder that by al means possible we may hunt out which of those is much out of order and as much as may be restore the same to its Natural Constitution Chap. 3. Of a Tertian Ague AN Ague or Intermittent Tertian Feaver is caused by an Excrementitious Chollerick Humor contained in the first Region of the Body and there putrefying A Tertian Ague is either Legitimate and Exquisite or Illegitimate and bastard A Legitimate or Exquisite Tertian Ague is terminated in twelve hours and is caused by the putrefaction of Natural Choller But a bastard Tertian hath fits that last above twelve hours But if it exceed twenty four hours it is termed Tertiana extensa a stretched Tertian And it is caused either by Preternatural Coller putrefying or by Natural Choller mingled with other Humors especially with flegm Also Tertian Agues are Simple or Double or Triple A Simple Tertian is that whose Fits come every other day A Double Tertian is that whose Fits come every day And although herein it differ not from a Quotidian or every day Ague yet they are known one from the other by their proper Signs shewing the abundance of Flegm or Choller in the Patient of which Signs in their place Somtimes notwithstanding in a double Tertian there are two fits in one day the other day remaining free and this some latter Physitians do call two Tertians and make it to differ from a double Tertian Which Distinction notwithstanding is of smal moment A Triple Tertian is when there are three fits in the compass of two daies This is a most rare and seldom seen sort of Feavers Yet Galen propounds one single Example thereof and I saw another in the yeer 1637. in a certain Gentleman who once in sixteen hours had a fit of a Tertian Ague And all the fits did every one of them terminate in the space of ten or twelve hours by sweat Now these divers Paroxysms are made by a different matter putresying in different places so that each one hath as it were its peculiar Chimney where it is first kindled Now the Humors causing Tertian Agues are collected chiefly in the first Region of the Body viz. In the Liver the bladder of Gall the Stomach the Mesentery the Pancreas or in the Veins of those Parts Their Causes are all such things which ingender Excrementitious Choller viz. An hot and dry distemper of the Spleen youthful Age Hot Constitution of the Air Watchings Cares Anger Fastings use of hot Meats over much Exercise To these are added for the breeding a bastard Tertian such Causes as engender Flegm and Melancholly Hereupon such as have hot Livers and by Glutinous and bad Diet do breed many Crudities are subject to bastard Tertians by reason of the mixture of Choller with crude Humors And hence also it is that in Summer time crude Humors bred through weakness of the Natural Heat by eating of Fruits and over much drinking being mixed with Choller do breed bastard Tertians The Signs to know an Exquisite Tertian by are these That this Feaver alwaies begins with great shaking Fits whereas in a Quotidian Feaver or Ague there is only a light shivering or coldness After the cold shaking Fit follows great Heat sharp and biting Intollerable Thirst great and frequent breathing want of Sleep Head-ach and somtimes Ravings After the shaking fit somtimes there follows a vomiting of Chollerick Humors or a purging by Stool The Urine is somtimes Yellow Yellowish-Red or Red. The Fits last not above twelve hours and they are terminated by Sweat Also the Causes fore-cited breeding Choller have preceded In a bastard Tertian all the foregoing Signs are more remiss than they are in an Exquisite one but more intense than in a Quotidian Ague And according as there is more or less flegm mingled with the Choller the Fits come neerer to those of an Exquisite Tertian or of a Quotidian but in respect of the vehemency of the Symptoms and the length of the Fit it self So that the Paroxysms of a bastard Tertian may be lengthened out to sixteen eighteen or more hours Although they may be somtimes shorter because of the paucity of the Matter and be terminated within the space of eight ten or twelve hours The Prognostick of this Disease is taken out of Hippocrates in Sect. 4. Aph. 59. Exquisite or exact Tertian Agues last but for seven fits at most And in Aphor. 43. of the same Section All Intermitting Feavers are void of danger Which is to be understood only of such Tertians as are void of all malignity For there are Malignant and Pestilent Tertians which though they have evident Intermissions yet do they often kill the Patients Furthermore many things fall upon the Neck of a Tertian which may breed danger although the Feaver of it self be not dangerous Haly writes and common Experience shews That if such as are sick of a Tertian Ague have Ulcers Scabs or Pustles breaking out in their Lips it is a token the Ague wil leave them For it is a kind of Critical Evacuation in those parts A Loosness befalling one that hath a Tertian Ague the matter being digested ends the Disease And this is the way by which alone Nature doth perfectly expel the Cause of these Feavers For seeing the Original Cause of these Feavers is contained in the Gall-Bladder or the Liver or the Mesentery and other Parts in the first Region of the Body although that which steems and vapors therefrom in every fit do get into the habit of the Body and is purged away either by Sweats or by insensible Transpiration or by Pushes and Pimples yet the gross parts and setlings of the Humor abiding in their place which unless by the benefit of Nature or Medicaments it be purged away by stool it is wont to be the Cause either of a long Ague or of Obstructions or of a Relapse or of other stubborn Diseases Agues are wont to be of smal durance and little danger if the habit of the whol Body be good if the bowels be wel affected if it be Spring or Summer if the Patient eat little and drink sparingly And contrary wise they are wont to be long and more rebellious if there be an evil disposition of the Liver or Spleen if the Patient abound with flegmatick Humors or
Dates Pine-kernels are good And finally to Spice their Meats let them use Cinnamon Nutmeg and Saffron Let the Patient abstain from Meats which are thick of substance and clammy and are long in passing through such as the Flesh of Swine Beef Deer Hares and Water fowl from Pease and Beans Colewort Course Branny Bread Cheese Nuts Walnuts and Chastnuts from Flesh much Salted or dried in the Smoak from fruits Raw Herbs from Vinegar Verjuice because they are thought as al other sowr things to ferment Mellancholy and make it work Let their drink be smal Ale or bear of moderate strength and meanly hopped neither new nor hard Pure and wel Clarifiedwhite Wine or Claâ—ret that is not strong with Water in which the Bark of Tamarisk or the Leaves of Egrimony have been steeped or a Decoction of Salsa Parilla or Barley Water that hath Steel quenched in it Let them eat sparingly no more than may barely preserve strength for too larg feeding breeds crudities which makes the Disease of long continuance But above al they must be very spare in drinking because nothing makes this Disease more rebellious and hard to Cure than over much drink and moist things for they fil and Swel the spleen Crato forbids al use of drink in the fit which to forbear doth much as he saies help the Cure On the fit-day the Patient must eat six hours before the sit comes And afterward nothing must be taken til the fit be over Long sleep is good because it moistens but it must be forborn in the beginning of the Fit On the daies of Intermission light exercise before Meat is good or in place thereof frictions of the whol Body after the Patient hath been at Stool If thee Patient be costive a Clyster or Suppository must be given Finally let the Patient be as cheerful as may be and avoid sadness The Patients Diet being thus ordered first a gentle Purgation must be administred by a Clyster and a purging Medicament the Clyster may be thus Made Take Roots of Bugloss two ounces of the four Emollient Herbs mercury and beetes of each one handful Fat Damask Prunes five Pair of the four larger cool Seeds and Annis Seed of each two drams Epithymum three drams Boyl all to a pint and an half in the strained Liquor dissolve Catholicum one ounce Oyl of Violets and Chamomel of each one ounce and an half Red Sugar one ounce Make of all a Clyster which must be given the day before the following Potion at a seasonable time Take Senna half an ounce Annis Seed a dram Leaves of Borrage and Fumitory of each one handful Liquoris three drams Boyl all to three ounces in the strained Liquor dissolve Manna and Syrup of Roses of each one ounce Make all into a potion Galen in I. ad Glauco Ch 11. Bids us give only gentle and benign Medicaments in the beginning of this Ague otherwise it is to be seared that if we use stronger Medicaments of a simple Quartan we shal make a double a triple or a Continual Feaver After the first Purge aforsaid Blood must be drawn from the Basilica Vena of the left Arm. Yet if the Liver be affected it may be drawn from the right Arm. And their Opinion is Ridiculous who say that we must expect Concoction before we let Blood because then the Blood will be more thin and apt to flow for it is better digested and prepared if first some Quantity thereof be taken away Neither must we give eare to them which say that Blood-letting is not to be allowed of in a Quarran Ague unless redundancy of Blood do shew it self by the Swelling of the Veins and by other signs For there is evermore at the beginning a Plethora ad Vires viz. Such a fullness of Blood as the Strength of the Patient cannot mannage unless a Quartan do follow some other long Feaver But that Precept of Galen formerly mentioned in I. ad Glauconem is worthy of al Commendation which saies that if the Blood which first comes away be Black and impure that then the greater Quantity is to be taken away but if it be Red and Pure little must be taken and the Patient must not be let Blood any more The wel daies are fittest both for Bleeding and purging Yet some let Blood upon the fit day five or six hours before the Fit which is not Ammis because the Humors beginning then to be moued are more easily drawn out Zacutus Lusitanus saies that it is very good to let Blood when the Moon is in the ful For then by reason of the Moons influence that earthy Melancholick Humor doth Boyl and become more fluid and Apt to come away with bleeding And he doth Testifie that many have by bleeding at that time been helped and some perfectly cured who could not by any other means receive Help But Botallus contrary to the mind of Galen and al other Physitians doth aver that frequent Blood-letting doth cure the Quartan Ague yea when it threatens a Dropsie and he endeavours to confirm his Opinion by reasons and examples Which notwithstanding is to be rejected as a Paradox seeing the Refrigeration of the whol Body caused by much Beeding makes the Morbisick matter more thick and contumacious The flux of the Hemorrhoids is very good in Quartan Agues and many are thereby Cured For seeing the Hemorrhoid Veins are branches of the Mesaraick Veins in which the matter of this Disease is conteined when they are opened they Evacuate the immediate cause of this Disease If therefore a flux of the Hemorrhoids happens in such as have been accustomed thereunto it must not be stopped If it be too sparing it must be furthered As also if Nature seem to incline that way which is known by itching of the Fundament and by some drops of blood coming that way the Blood must be made to come by application of Leeches But in such as have not been used to have their Hemorrhoid Veins opened after bleeding in the Arm it is good to let them blood in the Ankle Vein by which oftentimes the Ague ceases or at least that Bleeding with other Remedies will hasten the Cure especially in Women whose Courses are stopt or flow not sufficiently The opening of the Vein between the little Finger and the Ring Finger called Vena Salvatella is approved by the Antients and many later Physitians who said it cures the Quartan Ague But very many others reject this Conceit as being founded upon no reason because the foresaid Vein is a Branch issuing from the Arm Veins Yet being commended by others with many Experiments I conceive it ought not wholly to be neglected Some hold it ought to be opened in the Conjunction of the Moon with the Sun others when the Moon inclines two hours before the Fit at three several times in three immediately succeeding Fits which in some persons hath happened very well After these first Evacuations we must bend our study to concoct and prepare the
of which shall treat of the Pestilentiall Feaver and the later of the Measles and small Pox For seeing a Malignant Feaver does allwaies attend them all Authors doe justly treat of them in this place Chap. 1. Of a Pestilential Feaver That Feaver is termed Pestilential which does afflict Nature not only by a bare distemper or by heat arising from putrefaction but also with a Maliguant and venemous quality This is wont to be for the most part Popular and Epidemical so that many are at the same time sick thereof yet somtimes it is sporadick or single afflicting but here and there one which arises from evil Humors that have attained a venemous quality It is likewise Contagious so that it may be caught not only by means of the common Cause Viz. Corruption of the Air or Diet but also by Conversing with those that are sick It is also commonly called a Malignant Feaver whereas many diseases are termed Malignant by reason of their evil and cruel symptomes in which no venemous quality is found in which alone the essence of a Pestilential disease consists In what Feaver soever therefore this same venemous quality is found whether it be a diary an hectick or a putrid Feaver it is rightly termed Pestilentiall although a dairy and hectick are much controverted touching which consult the Authors Now this same venemous quality ariseth from the corruption of Homors which consists not in a bare change of the temperament or in ordinary putresaction such as is found in putrid Feavers but in a destruction of the whol Nature and Essential substance of the same Humors As Wine when it is turned an iosipid tastless Liquor is totally and essentially corrupted but when it becomes vinegar it is said simply to putrefie And a Pestilentiall Feaver differs from the Plague as a species or sort differs from the genus or kind because there may be a Pestilence without a Feaver as Hippocrates hath taught us in his third Epidem in many places and also Galen in his Exposition of the said Book and in his ninth Book de Medic. Facultatib Cap. de Terra Samia And this is sutable to Reason forasmuch as the venemous Quality is not necessarily attended with putrefaction which is the Cause of a Feaver For that same venemous qualitie may be produced in the Humors by a perfect corruption of their substance and introduction of a new form of which that venemous qualitie depends And certain it is that so oft as a new from is introduced the former is corrupted unto which mutations there are requisite preparatorie alterations but not putrefaction so that Humors may undergo such a corruption without putrefaction but because the Humors of our body are very liable to putrefaction they can rarely undergo so great a corruption without the Intervention of putrefaction likewise wherefore those Pestilences are very rare which are not accompanied with a Feaver Yea verily and by an intense profound and fordid as they are wont to say putrefaction such a Corruption as that of the Plague is wont to be raised So many Feavers which at first were not pestilentiall if by the Ignorance of the Physitian or negligence the disobedience of the Sick or the fierceness of externall causes they have been mis-handled the putrefaction becomeing more intense they turn in the end to malignant and Pestilentiall Feavers And that corruption does often precede Putrefaction is collected from such as are infected with the Plague by contagion in whom a malignant and venemous qualitie is first transfus'd and therewith the Humors are corrupted which corruption is followed by putrefaction whence it comes to pas that such as have the Pestilence have sometimes no feaver for the first daies of their ilness but afterwards the Feaver begins to shew it self when putrefaction is bred some such things we see in a part that is affected with a Gangrene which is first corrupted and afterwards puertfied A pestilentiall Feaver is caused when the Humors being corrupted and haveing attained a venemous quality doe come to putrefie And so it affects the Heart by those two meanes Viz. By a putrid heat and a malignant qualitie Now this corruption of Humors is not alwaies after one sort but somtimes it is more intense and somtimes less and according to its divers degrees the venemous qualitie arising therefrom is more or less pernicious from whence proceeds the greater or less Malignity of Feavers And hence arose that common distinction of Pestilential Feavers among Physitians into a Pestilential feaver simply and properly so called and into a Malignant Feaver calling that a pestilentiall Feaver properly so termed wherein is the true Plague having this peculiar note or character that more die than live and recover and calling that simply a malignant Feaver which being less pernicious more live than die of it The differences of a Pestilentiall Feaver are taken either from the matter wherein that venemous Quality is produced or from the place wherein the said matter is contained and so they follow the difference of putrid Feavers which in respect of the matter of putrefing are divided into the Feaver Sunochos Tertiana Quartana and Quotidiana according as the matter putrefiing it Blood Choller Melancholy or Flegm And in respect of the place wherein the Humors putrefie they are divided into continuall and intermittent according as the aforesaid Humors are lodged within or without the veines even so pestilential Feavers some are termed Synochi others Tertians Quartans or Quotidians some continuall others intermittent though Hippocrates hath said in the 43. Aphorism of the 4 Section That intermitting Feaveâ— are void of danger however they intermit which only is to be understood of such as are void of all malignitie for we see almost every year in our country at least tertian intermittent Feavers which being extreamly malignant doe at the third or fourth fit kill the patients others which bring them into great danger especially by the crueltie of the Symptomes There are other Differences of a pestilential Feaver taken from the intensnes of their degree or Remissness namly as some ate greater other lesser some partake of greater malignitie some of lesser They are said to be simply greater or lesser according as the Putrefaction is greater or less or as the preternatural Heat ariseing therefrom is more intense or remiss more malignant or benignant according to the greater or less intension of the venemous quality Hence it comes to pass that sometimes a pestilentiall Feaver hath extream putrefaction and malignancy at the highest and then it is wont to be most fierce and therein in regard of the malignancy the vital faculty is exceedingly afflicted and in regard of the extream putrefaction the other faculties are likewise hurt and cruell symptoms follow thereupon But sometimes in this Feaver the putrefaction is very high and the malignant qualitie remiss and then the Feaver is trouble-som by reason of the putrefaction but the vital faculty is less afflicted Contrarilie somtimes Putrefaction is
by the Influence of the Stars the ayr is so long and so far changed by excess of the first qualities of Heat Moisture Cold and Dryness that at length it 's proper Substance becomes vitrated the other is by occult qualities when by the secret power of the Stars without any notable excess of the first qualities the substance of the ayr is so changed that it receives a certain degree of corruption contrary to our Life Touching the first no man doubts seeing it is clear by Common Consent of Phylosophers that inferior Bodies are governed by the Heavenly Constellations And as the alterations of the Ayr which happen in the four seasons of the yeer do arise from the yeerly motion of the Sun so the great diversity of yeers whereby one proves very moist another exceeding dry the Sun holding every yeer the same Course in the Zodiack can depend on nothing but the various aspects of the Constellations The other way because it is occult is not so freely granted by all How be it by common Consent of Astrologers it is held for certain that the Stars do act upon inferior Bodies in a three-fold manner viz. by their Motion Light and Influence The light and beat do alter these Sublunary Bodies according to the first qualities and especially Heat But the Influences doe induce both the first qualities for example the cold which Saturn causes cannot depend upon his Motion nor his Light and also the hidden and occult ones For seeing Pestilential Diseases doe ostentimes happen no great mutation being made in the ayr in regard of the first qualities but when they ragâ— the 〈◊〉 appâ—ares exceeding pure and puret sometimes than it is wont to do when there is no pestilence stirring neither have very hot and moist seasons preceded from which great putrefactions are wont to arise it to be coniectured that these pestilential Diseases doe arise from some malignant Influence of the Stars Adâ— hereunto that Pestilences are wont to rage even in the depth of Winter which no remarkeable alteration of the first qualities hath preceded For in such a Case these diseases are to be attributed to the hidden power of the Starrs which have as Astrologers teach a power of corrupting the Air no extraordinary mutation of the first qualities being made therein And this is that divine principle in diseases which Hippocrates acknowledged and according to the Exposition of Galen is in the Air but is produced by the Celestial Bodies and hidden causes It is also hinted at by the same Hippocrates in the second Epidem Sect. one When he saies The time and the Diseases doe answer one another unles some innovation happen in the Superior Powers Neither does that hinder which is brought as the opinion of Plato out of his Epinomis that the Course of the Heavens and heavenly Bodies have alwayes good influence here below and from them nothing but preservation and benefit doe flow And Aristotle in the ninth of his Metaphisicks Chap. 10. Saies that in those Bodies which are eternall and aethereal neither error nor corruption is found And Averrhoes saies in his 1 De Caelo cap. 24. The Heavenly Bodies doe containe the Elements preserve them and universally are unto them instead of a form whence it 's collected they cannot infect them with a poysonous and malignant qualitie Ad hereunto that if pestilential diseases should be raised by influence of the Starrs they would at one and the same time inâ—ect the whol World almost seeing those influxes are universal causes and by the circulation of the Heavenly Bodies doe affect all the quarters of the World But these diseases doe peculiarly invade som one Region onely And finally if the Stars were said to be malefick and of an evil disposition God the Author of them would be accounted the cause of Mischief which is full of Impiety These objections I say doe not a whit prejudice the truth propounded which may thus be answered All created substances are considered two waies either as they are things in being and do concur to the compleating and perfection of the Universe and in that respect they are all good for to be and to be good are one and the same neither hath the High God blessed for ever created any thing which ought to be termed evil simply considered or they are considered in regard of their operations and then they may be termed evil forasmuch as they may damnefie some other things by reason of the antipathy inbred Enmity of Nature And although almost innumerable contrarietyes of nature are found in the world yet must they al be termed good in respect to God their maker in regard of the Univers whose perfection consists chiefly in variety Furthermore the operations of things created may be termed evil two wayes absolutely or simply considered in themselves or in respect of somwhat else They are absolutely evil when at all times in all places and upon all occasions they doe perpetually evil and in this sense no Creature can be found which is evil in respect of some other thing the operations of things may be termed evil when they hurt one and doe another good and so there is nothing in the whol universe so hurtful but that it hath some other ways its uses benefits for which it was created So al poysons though most hurtful to men or other Animals yet conveniently us'd they doe a great deal of good to them And in the Art of Physick there is scarce so deadly a poyson found but that out of it by skil of Art an healthfull medicine may be drawn And finally the actions of Stars upon these inferior Bodies are considered two waies either in respect of the whol sublunarie world containing the Elements and al mixed things and so the action of the Heavens and Stars is simply benign ingendering conserveing vivifieing all things doing al other good offices which tend to uphold the univers in this sence most true it is that these inferior Bodies are cherished susteined by the influence of the Heaven and Hevenly Bodies or they are considered in respect of the proper nature of this or that Element or this or that living creature and then it is no absurdâ—â—â—e to say that there are some influences hurtfull to som Element or living Creature in such or such a part â—â— and so affected which depends not of any fault of the stars for they are of a most perfect nature but rather of the imperfection of sublunary things which cannot suffer any considerâ—ble mutation without the corruption of their proper substance now these divers natures and qualities of the stars produced in sublunary Bodies by their divers concourse and influence were ordained by the great Architect of this universe for the Conservation of the whol world which being 〈◊〉 up of so divers and so contrary natures had need of as g eat variety in the influence of the Stars that all things might be preserved as it were in
Oyl of Nuts new drawn without fire mixed well with a like quantity of Rose-water till they come to the form of a Liniment is excellent for the same purpose If by neglecting the Remedies aforesaid or through the extream malignity of the Humor there remain Pits and Pock-holes all diligence must be used to repair the same Which notwithstanding is extream hard to do perfectly although many have taken great pains thereabout to gratifie Virgins and other Women who are exceeding careful to preserve their Beauties Among infinite Medicines recorded by Authors to this intent I shall propound the choisest And in the first place Oyl of Eg-yolks does nourish and engender Skin and therefore is very convenient to fill the Pock-holes Wethers Suet fresh and new melted and done out with a Fether is effectual to the same purpose But the filthyness of Pock-holes is much amended if they be washed first with Yarrow-Water or Cows-dung-water distilled in May and then anointed with Mans-Grease Forestus does much magnifie this following Oyntment Take Oyls of sweet Almonds and white Lillies of each one ounce Fat of a Capon three drams Pouder of Peony Roots of Orice and Lytharge of Gold of each ten grains Sugar-Candy one scruple Mingle al well in a warm Mortar strain them through a Cloth and noint the Pock-holes therewith morning and night And afterwards let them be well washed with Water distilled out of Calves-feet and when that is not at hand use the Water of Yarrow in stead thereof Neither must I omit that which many Practitioners do teach viz. That when the Pocks be ripe they must be bored through with a golden or a silver Needle least the Quittor tarrying long in them should leave holes in the part Which Practice is notwithstanding now in a manner grown out of use since Experience has taught that the Pocks being bored are longer in healing and doth longer hold their Crusts because of the Weakness of Natural Heat caused in the Part by boring whereby more deformed Scars are left behind And therefore it is better to abstain from this boring and to commit the evacuation of the Quittor to Nature alone To conclude this Cure I shall subjoyn how those dispositions of Itching and Exulceration which happen to persons that have the small Pocks may be remedied And in the first place When the small Pocks come forth or when they begin to ripen somtimes an huge pain or Itching does afflict the Patients especially in the Palms of the Hands and Soales of the Feet because the thickness of the Skin in those parts hinders the Eruption of the Pocks Which Symptom you shall help if you cause those parts to be held in hot Water or Foment them a long time with an Emollient Decoction But when there is great Itching in the Face which compels the Patients to scratch whence great deformity and foul Scars follow use this following Remedy Take leaves of Pellitory of the Wall one handful Flowers of Chamomel and Melilote of each half a pugil Boil them in a pint of Scabious Water To the strained Liquor ad three ounces of Honey-suckle Water With this Liquor hot often let the Itching Pocks be moistened by dipping a thin Rag or Cotton Wool therein and so applying the Liquor gently to them Now the Ulcers which arise from deep and malignant Pocks are to be cured with Vnguentum album Rhasis or with an Oyntment of Lead made after this manner Take Calcined Lead two ounces Litharge one ounce Ceruss washed and Vinegar of each half an ounce Oyl of Roses three ounces Honey of Roses one ounce Three Yolks of Egs Myrrh half an ounce Wax as much as shall suffice Make all into an Oyntment FINIS A PHYSICAL DICTIONARY Expounding such words as being terms of Art or otherwise derived from the Greek and Latin are dark to the English Reader This Dictionary is of use in the reading of all other Books of this Nature in the English Tongue LONDON Printed by Peter Cole in Leaden-Hall and are to be sold at his Shop at the sign of the Printing-press in Cornhil 1655. A Physical Dictionary A A Pophlegmatisms Medicines drawing flegm out of the Head Agaricktrochiscated See the London Dispensatory in English Apozeme A Medicine made of the Broth of divers Herbs and other Ingredients unto which somtimes certain Syrups are added Animal Faculties The Powers of Hearing Seeing Smelling Tasting Feeling of Imagination Understanding Memory Will Going Standing and all Voluntary Motion Aranea Tunica The Cobweb-Coat or Tunicle Abdomen The Belly or Paunch Apoplectick Water Good for the Apoplexy Autumn Harvest the Fall of the Leaf Actual Heat is Heat that may be felt by the hand such as is in Fire and all things heated thereby or in the Body of one in a Feaver It is oppoied to Potential Heat viz. That cannot be felt by the Hand as the Heat in pepper in Mustard seed in a Flint in unslaked Lime and the contrary of Actual Cold. Affected Troubled Diseased An Affect a Disease Trouble Disorder Aquae Acidulae The Spaw Waters like those of Epsam Barnet and Tunbridg with us Absurdities Unreasonable things Acrimony Sharpness such as in Mustard Pepper and in divers Humors of the Body which cause sickness Ascent Going up Apply lay on Actually Cold see Actual Heat Augment Encrease Accidentally By hap by chance upon occasion Adventitious not Natural but springing from external causes Actracting drawing together or causing Attracts draws to Accident somthing that happens upon a Disease vide Symptome Adstriction binding together shutting up Antecedent Cause foregoing Cause is opposed to the Conjunct Cause Abundance of Flegm in the Body is the Antecedent Cause of the Optick Nerves being stopped by flegm but the Flegm in the said Nerves is the Conjuct Cause c. of other Diseases Articulate Voyce A distinct Voyce such as that of Man-kind termed Speech Abstergent Clensing away filth Access Addition joyning to help or company Afflux flowing to Astringents Medicines that bind together and straiten the Pores and Passages of the Body Astriction binding knitting together Anodines Medicines which asswage pain Anastomosis an opening of the Mouths of Veins by which means Blood issues Astringe bind fasten close Acute sharp violent a Disease is termed Acute when it quickly changeth to health or death Adustion burning Adust burned Blood is said to be adust when by reason of extraordinary heat the thinner parts are evaporated and the thicker remain dreggy and black as if they were burnt Asthmatical troubled with shortness of breath Attest witness declare Aneurism a Swelling caused by a dilatation of the Arteries external Coat the internal being broken Axungia Grease Atrophy want of Nourishment when the Body pines away Attenuating Medicaments are such as make thick Humors thin Axiom or Theoreme an acknowledged undoubted Truth Adjacent lying neer bordering upon Aromatized Spiced perfumed Anus the Fundament Astringe to bind Atomes smal Moats hardly visible and that cannot admit of any division Adverse contrary to of
a contrary Nature Augment is the time of a Disease while it grows still more vehement until it comes to its height which is called the state of the Disease and then the Augment ceases because the Disease is now at a stand and encreaseth no more Alteratives are such Medicines as only change the qualities of the Body and its Humors by heating cooling moistening drying c. they are opposed to such as do cause Vomiting Purging Sweating Transpiration c. Adjuncts of a Disease are qualities dispositions and Symptomes annexed thereunto Aliments are what ever is taken into the Body to nourish the same as all kinds of Meat and Drink Adjuvant Causes are such as serve and assist the principal Cause so is the Taylors Boy an adjuvant Cause assistant to his Master the principal Cause of a Garment So in Diseases whatever assists the Primary Cause is termed an Adjuvant Cause Alexipharmical things are such as resist Plague Poyson and all venemous Diseases B BAlneum Mariae the manner of stilling or digesting when the Glass containing the Ingredient stands in a Vessel of Water with Fire made under it Bolus A Morsel a Medicine to be taken from a Knises point Bellilucanae Thermae Hot Baths in France so called from the place where they are Breathing of a Vein Blood-letting properly if but little Blood be taken away Bronchia the hollow gristly Pipes that spread themselves through the Body of the Lungs being Branches of the Wezand or Wind-pipe C CAruncle a little bit of Flesh that grows and sticks out on any part of the Body Catarrh a Defluxion or Distillation of Humors from the Brain into any part of the Body especially the Lungs causing Coughs Condense to make thick Contention Digestion in the Stomach c. Cataphora a deep sleep Cupping-glass is that which Physitians use to draw out Blood with Scarrifying of the Skin Glasses fastened with lighted Tow or Flax. Catalepsis Congelation or stifness of the Body Causticks are Medicines which burn the Skin and Flesh to make Issues c. Coronal Suture the Seam which runs through the Crown of the Head where the two sides of the Skul close Crude Raw undigested So Meat not well boyled or rosted is Crude and Blood and other Humors not well digested by the Stomach Liver c. are called Crude Conjunctiva a Coat of the Eye so called because it sticks fast unto the Eye and keeps it in its place Actual Cautery is burning with a red hot Iron Congelation freezing together stifness with Cold. Constipation stopping up Chollick pain and griping of the Gut Colon and because the pain proceeding from the Stone is very like thereunto it is called the Stone-Collick Cerates Medicines made of Wax and other Materials stiffer than an Oyntment and softer than a Plaister to be applied to divers parts Cephalick or Capital Opiate Head Electuary Cephalick Pills Head-pils Cephalick Plaister Head-Plaister Collyrium an Eye-salve Convulsion a drawing together a shrinking together Contracted drawn together Cornea a Coat of the Eye like the Horn of a Lanthorn See Veslingus in English Chyrurgeon Surgeon Circumvolution turning round like a wheel or whirl-wind Compression thrusting or squeezing together Contusion Bruising a Bruise Cold seeds See the English Dispensatory Compress thrust together squeeze Condense thicken condensing thickening a Condensation a thickening Coarctation a straitening thrusting together Contraction drawing together shrinking up c. Contracted drawn together Confirmed A Disease is said to be confirmed when it is perfect setled and hath taken root Couched with a Needle that is taken away with a Needle or pressed down with a Needle Centre is properly the middle point within a Circle from whence all Lines drawn to the Circumference are equal it is taken figuratively for the middle of any thing Continuity the oneness the joyning together without interruption Compact firmly united wel thrust and crowded together So Gold Lead and other Mettals are said to be compact compared to Cork Spunge and light Wood which are not compact but hollow and pory Concocted An Humor is said to be concocted when it is either turned into good Blood as sweet Flegm is wont to be or when it is separated from the Mass of blood and made fit for expulsion Concoction a boyling or boyling together when the meat in the Stomach is changed into a substance like Almond Cream that change is called Concoction Cataplasm a Pultiss Cavity hollowness Crisis by bleeding at the Nose or by vomit page 57. that is a breaking away of the Disease by Natures Conquest of the Cause which she drives forth by the Nose or Mouth Crystalline Humor a part of the Eye which resembles a little Cake of Crystal if you open a Calves Eye carefully you may take it out whol Conus is a Geometrical Figure representing a Sugar-Loaf or an Extinguisher which Phylosophers make use of when they teach how the Eye perceives its Object Connatural which is bred with a Man as he that is born with one Eye or but two Fingers such a Disease is termed Connatural Convex bunching out like the back-side of a Buckler or Platter Conjunct Cause of a Disease is the immediate Cause so Flegm stopping the Optick Nerves is the Conjunct Cause of Blindness whereas taking of cold swimming in cold water eating flegmatick meats sleeping after Dinner were the remote or far distant Causes c. Constriction a drawing together a straitening Congestion a gathering together or heaping up Cumulation the same with Congestion These words are opposed to defluxion When a part is diseased by an Humor sent from another part it is termed Defluxion when the Humor is first gathered in the part it self by reason of its own proper weakness it is termed Congestion or Cumulation Conjoyned Matter see Conjunct cause Corroding biting gnawing eating Consolidation closing up of a Sore or Wound c. Carus foulness rottenness corruption of a Bone Cicatrize to bring to a Scar to close up a wound or sore Commissura the Mold of the Head where the parts of the Skul are united Cavous hollow Critical Evacuations by bleeding stool c. are such as Nature procures to drive out her vanquisht Enemy and are means and tokens of Recovery Symptomatical Evacuations are such as proceed from the vehemency of the Disease before Nature hath mastered the offending Humor and they prove bad tokens Calcine to burn to Ashes in a Crucible c. Corrode eat fret Corroding eating fretting Cronical long lasting Cacochymical abounding with evil Humors Critical day See Day of Judgment Corrosion a fretting eating asunder Conjugation a pair of Nerves is so called Cardialgia Heart-burning Crudities Rawness indigestion Chylus a Liquor like a Posset into which all Meats are changed in the Stomach if the Digestion be good Cydoniatum Conserve of Quinces or Marmalade Cardiogmos Heart-burning Carminating Medicines are such as do break Wind. Constringe draw together Carminative expelling Wind. Chalibeat Vinegar and Chalibeate Water are such as have steel quenched
Extenuating making thin Expulsive faculty the power of our body which drives forth Dung Urine Sweat Vapors c. every part partakes of this Ability or Faculty Eminent neer at hand approaching Erysipelas a swelling caused by choller Erysipelas Phlegmonodes or Phlegmon Erysipelatodes Is a swelling caused by Inflamation of Choller and Blood Emulsions Almond milkes and milkes made of cool Seeds c. Electuaries Medicines made up of Conserves of Flowers or Herbs to which is added some sweet Spicy pouder for the most part and so with Syrup it is made up in the form of Mithridate or Treacle Epithemes are Medicines applyed in Bags commonly upon the Heart or Stomach Liver or Spleen c. Certain convenient pouders being put in a Bag or between two cloths and so wet in Wine or other convenient Liquor are laid upon the Stomach Heart c. Essential to the Disease that is of the being or substance so that without that the disease could not be So Heat is Essential to a Feaver Excrements dregs and refuse of our meat and drink after Concoction voided by dung Urine Sweat and invisibly through the Pores Excrementitious of or belonging to Excrements impure preternatural humors are so called Extenuate make thin Expressed Squeezed out Epidemical common to a whol Nation So the the Plague small Pocks Loosness Sweating-sickness c. when they are rise all over a Nation or Country at one time they are called Epidemical diseases Ehxir Proprietatis A Medicine invented by Paracelsus Take of the best Aloes Myrrh Saffron of each half an ounce Pouder them and put them into a Glass Then take Muscadine made tart with Oyl of Sulphur and pour upon the pouder til the liquor stand four fingers above the pouder Let them stand and digest in a warm place Then pour off the Liquor and put on more till all the Colour and vertue be drawn out from the pouder At last still the settlings with a gentle fire and pour that which comes away to the former Liquor and let all stand and digest a Month in a warm place close stopped The name signifies such a Quintessence as hath a special propriety of agreement with Mans nature whereby it comforts and restores the same in al kind of weakness Emollient Medicines that soften Eroded eaten a sunder eaten up Extraction pulling out Exquisite perfect in an high degree Escharoticks see Causticks potential Embrochated moistened bedewed bathed Erosion fretting eating Eclegma See Lambitive Extream parts the Armes and Legs Emplastick diet consists of such meats as are of a clammy substance viz. Calves Head and Feet Sheeps-trotters all Feet of Beasts Tripes Gellys c. Excreta and Retenta things voided out of the Body things retained or kept in Eradicate pluck up by the Roots Exasperated pained vexed molested Equivocal Signs of a Disease are such as are common to it and other Diseases The Efficient Cause is the working or making Cause so a Tailor is the Efficient of a Garment The Material Cause is the stuff a thing is made of which the Efficient works upon So the Cloth or Silk is the Material Cause of the Garment The formal Cause the shape that makes it a Coat or Cloak or Doublet the Final Cause is the end why it was made viz. to hide nakedness keep off Sun and Cold and to adorn the body Emulgent Veins which bring the Wheyish Excrement of the blood unto the Kidneyes where it becomes Urine and is passed by the Urecers into the Piss-bladder Evaporation a steeming out of Vapors Egress coming forth Evaporated steemed away as Water that spends away in boiling Evacuators Medicines which empty out evil Humors either by vomit Purge c. Exhalations Vapors drawn up by the Sun out of the Earth and Waters Eventilated Fanned purged as Corn by fanning So Exercise is said to eventilate or fan the Body because the motion opens the Pores and drives many vapors out Eneorema that which hangs like a cloud in Urines especially when the Disease is breaking away Emollient Decoction a softening moistening Decoction made for Clysters to soften and moisten the hardened Excrements of the Guts An Eschara or Eschar is the Core that falls off from a part that hath had a Caustick applied thereto F FVmigations Perfumes and others things burnt to qualifie the Air in a sick mans chamber Fracture breaking as fracture of the Skul or Arm c. Fomentation when linnen Cloaths or Spunges are dipped in some Liquor and applied to the diseased part and after renewed Functions of the Brain the Abilities of the Brain to Hear See Imagine Understand Remember c. Frictions Rubbings Furor Vterinus Womb-Madness when Women are mad by reason of a disorder in the Womb. See the Chapter of that Disease A Flux of Humors flowing of Humors Febris Catarrhalis a Feaver caused by Rheum falling from the Head Fabrick Frame making up composition Frontal Vein Fore-head Vein Fortified strengthened Fistula an hollow deep but narrow Ulcer that will not be closed up A pair of Forceps a smal Instrument like a pair of Tongs to draw forth any thing out of the Ears c. Fluid apt to run and flow like Water and other Liquors Filtration straining through a brown Paper or by means of a piece of cloth hanging out of one Vessel into another Filter to strain as aforesaid Fermentation the working of Humors as new drink works in the Barcel A Feaver Symptomatical is a Feaver caused by some other foregoing Disease in respect of which Disease the Feaver is but a Symptom or Accident A Flatulent and Pituitous Chollick is a Chollick caused by wind and flegm Formicans Pulsus a weak feeble quick Pulse that seels under the Fingers like creeping Pismires from whence it is named Form See Efficient Cause Fluxive apt to flow and run like Water and other Liquors Friable is crumbly short like costly Cake-bread Pie-crust Puf-past c. So Fishes that have a short crumbly substance not clammy or slimy such as Soals Smelts Trouts are said to be friable in comparison of Eels Carps Tenches c. G GVm Animi Indian Amber Gargarisms that is Medicines to Gargle in the Throat to wash sore Throats de Gutteta a Pouder used in Falling-sickness and Convulsion of Children by the French It is described page 33. at the bottom Going about by fits Generating breeding begetting Glandules Kernels such as are about the Throat aâ—d are called the Almonds of the Ears and such as the Sweet-bread c. Gate-Vein Vena Porta See Veslingus Anatomy in English Generous Wine strong Wine as rich Canary Muskadine c. Glutinations Clamminess like Gum about the corners of the Eyes Glutinators things which glue and close up broken Veins c. Glutinous clammy like Glue A Gangrene is a corruption of a part tending to the utter deading thereof H HYpochondria the parts beneath the Ribs Hemiplegia the Palsey possessing one side Hydrelaeum a Bath and Oyntment that is of Water and Oyl beaten together Hippocras
practising Physick 7 A Treatise of the Rickets being a Disease common to Children wherein is shewed 1 The Essence 2 The Causes 3 The Signs 4 The Remedies of the Disease Published in Latin by Dr. Glisson Dr. Bate and Dr. Regemorter translated into English And corrected by N. Culpeper 8 The Practice of Physick containing seventeen Books A Godly and Fruitful Exposition on the first Epistle of Peter By Mr. John Rogers Minister of the Word of God at Dedham in Essex The Wonders of the Load-stone By Samuel Ward of Ipswitch An Exposition on the Gospel of the Evangelist St. Matthew By Mr. Ward Clows Chyrurgery Marks of Salvation Christians Engagement for the Gospel by John Goodwin Great Church Ordinance of Baptism Mr. Love's Case containing his Petitions Narrative and Speech Vox Pacifica or a perswasive to peace Dr. Prestons Saints submission and Satans Overthrow Pious Mans Practice in Parliament Time Mr. Symsons Sermon at Westminster Mr. Feaks Sermon before the Lord Major Mr. Phillips Treatise of Hell of Christs Geneology Eaton on the Oath of Allegiance and Covenant shewing that they oblige not Eleven Books of Mr. Jeremish Burroughs lately published As also the Texts of Scripture upon which they are grounded 1 The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment on Phil. 4. 11. Wherein is shewed 1 What Contentment is 2 It is an Holy Art and Mystery 3 The Excellencies of it 4 The Evil of the contrary sin of Murmuring and the Aggravations of it 2 Gospel Worship on Levit. 10. 3. Wherein is shewed 1 The right manner of the Worship of God in general and particularly In Hearing the Word Receiving the Lords Supper and Prayer 3 Gospel Conversation on Phil. 1. 17. Wherein is shewed 1 That the Conversations of Beleevers must be above what could be by the Light of Nature 2 Beyond those that lived under the Law 3 And sutable to what Truths the Gospel holds forth To which is added The Misery of those men that have their Portion in this Life only on Psal 17. 14. 4 A Treatise of Earthly-Mindedness Wherein is shewed 1 What Earthly-mindedness is 2 The great Evil thereof on Phil. 3. part of the 19. Verse Also to the same Book is joyned A Treatise of Heavenly-Mindedness and Walking with God on Gen. 5. 24. and on Phil. 3. 20. 5 An Exposition on the fourth fifth sixth and seventh Chapters of the Prophesie of Hosea 6 An Exposition on the eighth ninth and tenth Chapters of Hosea 7 An Exposition on the eleventh twelfth and thirteenth Chapters of Hosea being now compleat 8 The Evil of Evils or the exceeding Sinfulness of Sin on Job 36. 21. 9 Precious Faith on 2 Pet. 1. 1. 10 Of Hope on 1 John 3. 3. 11 Of Walking by Faith on 2 Cor. 5. 7. Twelve several Books of Mr. William Bridge Collected into one Volumn Viz. 1 The Great Gospel Mystery of the Saints Comfort and Holiness opened and applied from Christs Priestly Office 2 Satans Power to Tempt and Christs Love to and Care of His People under Temptation 3 Thankfulness required in every Condition 4 Grace for Grace or the Over-flowing of Christs Fulness received by all Saints 5 The Spiritual Actings of Faith through Natural Impossibilities 6 Evangelical Repentance 7 The Spiritual-Life and In-being of Christ in all Beleevers 8 The Woman of Canaan 9 The Saints Hiding-place in time of Gods Anger 10 Christs Coming is at our Midnight 11 A Vindication of Gospel Ordinances 12 Grace and Love beyond Gifts A Congregational Church is a Catholick Visible Church By Samuel Stone in New England A Treatise of Politick Powers wherein seven Questions are Answered 1 Whereof Power is made and for what ordained 2 Whether Kings and Governors have an Absolute Power over the People 3 Whether Kings and Governors be subject to the Laws of God or the Laws of their Countrie 4 How far the People are to obey their Governors 5 Whether all the people have be their Governors 6 Whether it be Lawful to depose an evil Governor 7 What Confidence is to be given to Princes The Compassionate Samaritan Dr. Sibbs on the Philippians The Best and Worst Magistrate By Obadiah Sedgwick The Craft and Cruelty of the Churches Adversaries By Matthew Newcomen A Sacred Panegerick By Stephen Martial Barriffs Military Discipline The Immortality of Mans Soul The Anatomist Anatomized King Charls his Case or an Appeal to all Rational Men concerning his Tryal Mr. Owens stedfastness of the Promises A Vindication of Free Grace Endeavoring to prove 1 That we are not elected as holy but that we should be holy and that Election is not of kinds but persons 2 That Christ did not by his Death intend to save all men and touching those whom he intended to save that he did not die for them only if they would beleeve but that they might beleeve 3 That we are not justified properly by our beleeving in Christ but by our Christ beleeving in 4 That that which differenceth one man from another is not the improvement of a common ability restored through Christ â—o all men in general but a principle of Grace wrought by the Spirit of God in the Elect. By John Pawson Six Sermons preached by Doctor Hill Vix 1 The Beauty and Sweetness of an Olive Branch of Peace and Brotherly Accommodation budding 2 Truth and Love happily married in the Church of Christ 3 The Spring of strengthening Grace in the Rock of Ages Christ Jesus 4 The strength of the Saints to make Jesus Christ their strength 5 The Best and Worst of Paul 6 Gods eternal preparation for his Dying Saints The Bishop of Canterbury's Speech on the Scaffold The King's Speech on the Scaffold The Magistrates Support and Burden By Mr. John Cordel The Discipline of the Church in New England by the Churches and Synod there A Relation of Barbadoes A Relation of the Repentance and Conversion of the Indians in New-England By Mr. Eliot and Mr. Mayhew The History of Montress and his Actions for Charles the First His passions for Charles the Second King of Scots The Institutes of the Laws of England by John Cowel Octavo A description of the Grand Signors Seraglio or Turkish Emperors Court By John Greaves Octavo The reigning error Arraigned at the Bar of scripture and Reason By Francis Fulwood Octavo The state of Future Life By Thomas White Twelves The Royal and delightful Game of Picquet written in French and now rendered into English Octavo De copore Politico or The Elements of Law moral and politick By Thomas Hobs of Malmsbury The History of the Rites Customs and manner of life of the present Jews throughout the World Octavo The London Dispensatory in Latin in Folio The London Dispensatory in Latin in Twelves A Poem upon the late Fight at sea between the two great Fleets of England and Holland These several Books of Physick and Chyrurgerie will shortly be printed in English Riverius Observations with fifteen hundred and seventie other Histories and Observations of other
men Riolanus Anatomy Bartholinus Anatomy All the Works of Daniel Sennertus except some few not proper for Translation The Idea of Practical Physick being a compleat Body of Physick And Fernelius his Works These Books of Divinity will speedily be printed Mr. Burroughs on 1 Cor. 5. 7. and 18 19. 29. And fifty nine Sermons on Matthew 11. 28 29 30. Seventeen Books of Mr. Thomas Hooker being the substance of many Sermons preached in New-England Several pieces of Mr. Bridge of Yarmouth Viz. 1 Scripture Light the most sure Light compaâ—ed with 1. Revelations and Visions 2. Natural and supernatural Dreams 3. Impressions with and without Word 4. Light and Law within 5. Divine Providence 6. Christian Experience 7. Humane Reason 8. Judicial Astrology Delivered in three Sermons on 2 Pet. 1. 19. 2 Christ in Travel Wherein The 1. Travel of his soul 2. The first and after effects of his Death 3. His Assurance of Issue 4. And His satisfaction therein Are opened and cleered in three Sermons on Esay 53. 11. 3 A Lifting up for the Cast-down in case of 1. Great sin 2. Weakness of Grace 3. Miscarriage of Duties 4. Want of Assurance 5. Affliction 6. Temptation 7. Dissertion 8. Unserviceableness 9. Discouragements from the Condition it self Delivered in thirteen Sermons on Psalm 42. 11. His Four Sermons concerning 1 Sin against the Holy-Ghost 2 Sins of Infirmities 3 The fifth Monarchy 4 The Good and means of Establishment Francisci Tayleri Capitula Patrum Hebricè Latinè edita Una cum Annotationibus sensum locorum difficilium Experimentibus Francisci Tayleri Lamentationes Jeremiae vatis Denuo è fontibus Hebraicis translatae cum Paraphrasi Chaldaica Masora magna parva Commentariis Rabbi Shelomoh Jarchi Aben Ezrae è Buxtorfii Bibliis magnis excerptis The Author to the Reader FIfteen Yeers ago Friendly Reader to Satisfie the Desires of my Auditors I undertook to explain unto them the Methodicall Cure of all inward Diseases of the Body which that I might accomplish the sooner I medled not at all in a manner with the Theory knowing ful well that any Student might with ease enough fetch the same from divers Authors which notwithstanding they could not so easily do in point of Practice because of the almost infinite Company variety of Medicaments wherewith the Books of those that have delivered the Practical part of Physick do swarm with which Young Beginners are so confounded that they remain amazed not knowing which to choose I conceived it would be most profitable for them if out of such a multitude of Medicaments I should select the most choice and which were most frequently used and dispose them into the same order which we are wont to observe in our Practice when we attend the Cure of our sick Patients This Method of teaching gave such content to our Students of Physick that as many as came flocking to this University to study after that I had finished the same did all earnestly desire to have written Coppies thereof and many of them did frequently exhort me and earnestly Beg that I would suffer it to be printed and so for the future free all Men from the tedious Labor of writing it out But I who never had the thought being very free from Self-Love that my writings were of so much worth as to be published in Print especially this Method of Practice which was slipt from me as a thing only begun with rude Notes hastily huddled up to perform my daily task of Reading and half maimed for want of the Theoretick part I thought it better to beleeve my own Conscience than their too favourable Opinion I pondered likewise in my Mind that it was a very hazardous thing to subject my Reputation to the Judgment of the whol world and as it commonly falls out to the biting Teeth of envious detractors especially in this polished Age abounding with neat and pasing fine Witts who are hardly pleased with such workes as have been wrought with the greatest Industry possible and who are wont to peep curiously to spy spots in the shining Sun Nevertheless this unperfect Birth of mine which I desired to keep close and hidden was sent into the wide world by one of my Schollers who without my knowledg and against my will gave that imperfect homely and unpolished work to a Printer of Paris to print And this Child of mine which I did count Abortive was more pleasing and found greater Favour in the Eyes of Strangers than in its Fathers for all the Books of this first Edition were suddainly sold off A second Edition and a little after a Third was procured by the same Printer by which all Europe was filled with Copies Nevertheless some yeers after there came out three other Editions within two yeers time one at Lions and two other in Holland viz. at Tergow and the Hague In the mean while I received very many Letters out of the Chief Cities of FRANCE GERMANY HOLLAND and ITALY from Doctors of Physick whom I was acquainted with when they studied Physick in this University seriously expostulating that this Work was Lame because it wanted the Theory of the Disease and withall advising me that it would be worth my pains to spend some part of my studies that way Conceiving at length that it was fitting to consent unto their just requests I laboured with all my might as far as my Employments and Health would give me leave to finish and publish this Theoretick part insomuch that at last Blessed and Praised be God I brought the same to a conclusion Accept it freindly Reader with a cheerfull mind being Joyned to the foresaid Practick part so that in one continued Discourse thou maiest Behold the Nature Differences Causes Diagnostick and Prognostick Signs together with the Cure ofall Diseases I Suppose this Child of mine will merit highly thy Favour being now adorned in all its parts and advanced to a far greater Degree of Perfection and seeing that thou wert pleased with it in its Cradle and Swadling-Clouts now that it is greater and hath attained its perfect Stature of Body it will not I hope Displease thee Enjoy it with Gods Blessing and whatever thou shalt learn therefrom let Christian Charity cause the to employ it for thee Good of thy Neighbour Also I desire thee to take notice that many faults were crept into the former Editions through the negligence of Printers all which I have carefully corrected in this Edition And furthermore I have added many and those very Choice Medicaments to the Cures formerly printed which will not a little conduce to the happy cure of difficult Diseases Forewel From my Study at Monpelier the first of July Lazarus Riverius An EPIGRAM shewing who are Doctors of Physick and who not Doctors or Teachers they of Physick are Whether by Pen they do it or in Chair With lively Voyce that teach the way to know Mans Nature Health and Sickness and do show Diseases Cause and Cure But
of his who when he had wearied himself with long Study fel into a Catalepsis or Congelation He lay saith he like alog all along not to be bent stiff and stretched out and seemed to behold us with his eyes but spake not a word and he said that he heard us what we said at that time although not evidently and plainly and told us some things that he remembred and said all that stood by him were seen of him and could remember and declare some of their gestures at that time but could not then speak or move one part of his body But Fernelius in his third Book of the Parts of Diseases Chap. 2. relates two Stories which are these One while he being very studious and writing was so suddenly struck with this disease that sitting and holding his pen with his eyes open and looking upon his Book you would have thought he had been hard at study til he was by calling and jogging found to want alsence and motion Another I saw like a dead man lying along with neither seeing hearing nor feeling when he was pinched but he breathed freely and whatsoever was put into his mouth he presently swallowed if he were taken out of his bed he did stand alone but being thrust he would fall down and which way soever his Arm Hand or Leg was set there it stood fixed and firm you would have taken him for a Ghost or some rare Statue You may read the like Stories iâ— Schenkius Marcellus Donatus Rondeletius Jacotius and others From whom you may gather That in this disease there is found a destruction or hinderance of the internal and external Sences with a stiffness of all the Members and somtimes the Sences are not so much hindered but the sick party heareth those that speak unto him somtimes the Members are not so stiff but they may be bent and bowed by them that stand by and put into divers Postures The Causes of this Disease are divers Galen in his Comments Aphor. 3. Sect. 2. saies that a Catalepsis comes from a cold distemper of the Brain which distemper chiefly seizeth upon the hinder part of the Head makes it stiff and thick from whence the Nerves proceeding are also made stiff and such a distemper may seize upon al the Nerves whether it come of an external or an internal cause but some question this cause supposing that no living body can be so cold as to have such a Congelation But Galen answereth this in his 5. Chap. of his Book of the Difference of Diseases by a Reason taken from Experience in these words For those who in a journey are taken with cold which is unto death are thus stiff whom the Greeks call Emprostotonos or Bowers forward Opistotonos or Bowers backward Tetanos extended streight and others that are killed with cold are taken with this Catoche or Congelation Therefore Galen teacheth us that a Catalepsis may be got by external cold and Reason may easily perswade us to it for they which are killed upon the way with great cold do first grow stiff they have a stiffness or Congelation before they die therefore cold may bring a less stifness than that which bringeth Death So we see that Congelation of the Nerves or Catalepsis may come of a cold Distemper and the sooner if it be mixt with a dry distemper But this Disease is most often gotten by a cold and dry distemper joyned with matter that is an Humor or Melancholly Vapor from which cometh a Constipation or Congealing of the hinder part of the Brain and extention of the Nerves and also a stiffness of the same from this humor it cometh I say not only in respect of its quality which is cold and dry but also in respect of its quantity which by repletion makes a distention or stretching forth of the Nerves Aetius in his sixt Book and fourth Chap. saith that a Congelation may be caused of blood Unto which thing Rondeletius consents saying that it comes to pass when the Veins and Arteries of the Brain are so full that the Body groweth stiff and distended or stretched out like those bodies that are congealed with cold weather he confirms his Opinion by a History of a Noble woman taken with a continual Feaver called Synochus who had in the ninteenth day a Congelation which was cured by a large flux of Blood from her Nose Sennertus hath found out a new cause which he saith is a congealing Spirit by which the Animal Spirits are fixed and made immovable he denies that the force of congealing and fixing depends upon a cold and dry distemper but riseth from some hidden quality Such Congealing Spirits are found in the greater World as in Thunder when men are thereby made stiff and as it were congealed As Cardanus reports of eight Mowers which supping under an Oak were struck with Thunder so as they kept the same shape of Body the one seeming to eat the other to lay hold of the pot another to drink when they were all dead It is usually reported that Wine wil be congealed in the Vessel by the spirit of Thunder In Earth-quakes many times such Spirits break forth suddenly out of the Earth as make men and other living Creatures to be stiff and stark Moreover Sennertus addeth that there is great congealing force in Nitre and other Minerals he brings no Examples We shal only bring one Instance taken from Lead whose Vapor doth so fix and congeal Mercury or Quick-silver that it becomes thereby malleable or to be beaten with the hammer This Opinion of Sennertus were not wholly to be rejected if he had not made this the only cause of the disease and cast off al the rest which when they are allowed and confirmed by Galen and the best of Authors are not easily to be cast off and denyed Nor is it needful that we fal to hidden Causes when there are enough visible and manifest able to produce such effects as is before declared And when Sennertus saies that this his congealing spirit is caused of a melancholly humor he seemeth to differ from the common Opinion which is That a Congelation cometh of a cold and dry or Melancholly vapor The Knowledg of this Disease or Diagnosis is manifest from the Stories of Galen and Fernelius already mentioned for the evil befals a man quickly and leaves him in that posture in which it found him and keeps him unmoved as if he were congealed The diversity of Symptoms which we propounded before is seen plainly We foretel this Disease by the same signs as we do other sleeping Diseases as the Symptoms are greater or less so is the Disease more or less dangerous The way of Cure is Two-fold either in the time of the fit or out of the fit In the fit you may use those Medicines which are set down for sleeping Diseases Out of the fit you must labor to cure Melancholly the disease so called if the Congelation come from a Melancholly humor or
of three fingers and when Galen understood that he fel from his Chariot upon his back he concluded that some part was hurt in the original of that nerve which comes from the seventh Vertebrae or Spondil therefore after he had in vain applied Medicines to the fingers he used means to the back and so wrought a brave Cure The Diagnosis or knowledg of the Causes of this Disease if fetcht from the primary Causes the Diseases afore going and the temperament and constitution of the sick party And therefore when external cold Causes and moist went before when the patient is old when he is flegmatick of Constitution the weather cold diet cold and moist and an Apoplexy hath formerly been it signifies that a disease is approaching from a Cold Distemper and Flegmatick Humor But when a Palsey is caused of a Chollerick Humor or Melancholly these signs declare Feavers did go before or are present a Chollerick temper and Constitution or else a Melancholly one the coming of the disease in hot weather Summer or Autumn the use of Spices Salt and other hot Meats heavy and long passions of Mind avoiding of chollerick or melanchollick humors sharp and sowr many sharp defluxions falling upon divers parts and putting them to pain and lastly when pain and a convulsion accompany the diminishing of Sence and Motion and the patient is the worse when he takes hot and dry things but the better by the use of cold and moist When Tumors Luxations or Dislocations or Wounds cause a Palsey they are evident of themselves As for the Prognostick part in the Treaty of this Disease you may foretel events as followeth 1 A Palsey coming of flegm fixed to the substance of the nerves is hardly cured because it wil not be easie to discuss or divide the Flegm from the nerves by reason of their coldness and their weakness in expulsion or sending forth of that which offendeth which must co-operate or work together with the Medicine and in regard of the deep scituation of the Spina and Nerves so as the whol force of the Medicine cannot reach them and because the Patient must of necessity continue long in the use of Medicines which for the most part people cannot endure and therefore wil not be cured 2 A Palsey coming after an Apoplexy is seldom cured and often returns into an Apoplexy by a new flowing of the same matter into the Brain which is made weak by the former disease 3 A trembling coming upon or after a Palsey is healthful for it signifieth that the passages of the nerves are somwhat open by which some of the Animal Spirit beginneth to pass for to move the Muscles 4 If the part affected hath an actual heat in it there is hope of health but if it be alwaies actually cold it is difficult to be cured 5 An Atrophy or want of Nourishment in the Paralytick part with great paleness takes away al hope of cure for it doth not only signifie a decay of the animal Spirit but a neer extinction of the shews natural heat 6 If the Eye on that side which the Palsey happeneth be hurt thereby there is little hope for it a great want of Spirits in that part 7 A Palsey in the Legs and Feet is easier cured than in the upper parts because those Nerves are harder and stronger 8 In old men the Palsey is incurable by reason of their want of natural heat 9 In Winter a Palsey cannot be cured but in the Spring and Summer it may if other things agree 10 A strong Feaver coming upon a Palsey is good for it may consume the matter which causeth it 11 A Diarrhoea or loosness coming upon a new and weak Palsey is good for Rhasis saith 1. Cont. that he hath seen many Paralyticks cured by a Diarrhoea The Cure of this Disease is to be altered according to the variety of the Causes And since for the most part it cometh of flegm and a cold distemper we must labor chiefly to take away that cause which we must begin to do by a general clensing and emptying of the whol Body As for bleeding it can scarce do any good because the fault is not in the Blood but Flegm and this disease comes for the most part to old men such as are flegmatick and cold by nature But if plenty of crude blood unconcocted seems to produce flegm and to feed it we may open a vein in his Arm on the sound side of his Body but take but little blood least his weak natural heat should be extinguished After we have omitted blood-letting or taken a very little away we must go on to take away the antecedent Cause which is a cold distemper of the Brain which must be done as before was shewed by Apozemes or opening drinks by Pills sweating Diet Bags for the head Emplaisters Errhines for the nose neezings Masticatories Gargarisms that draw flegm Vesicatories or Blisters or Cupping head pouders Caps Fumes Magistral Syrups ordinary Pills a strengthening Opiate or Electuary by Caustick or burning by digestive Pouder and Baths A Diet Drink in this disease ought to be made of Guajacum alone and his Bark and after he hath taken a draught he must have hot bricks applied to the diseased parts but first they must be quenched in a Decoction of this good for the head made with white Wine and Vinegar and be wrapped in a linnen cloth for the stirring up of the weak heat which is in the parts and every fourth or fifth day you must purge but it is better to give a purging drink fifâ—een daies before you give the sweating that al the load of crude humors may be better cast out and afterwards the reliques and remainder may be discussed by the habit of the Body Which may be thus made Take of the chips of Guajacum three ounces of the bark of the same one ounce of spring Water four pints Infuse them twenty four hours then let them boyl to the consumption of half adding in the conclusion one ounce of Senna Turbith and Hermodacts of each two drams Let him take half a pint of this strained every morning for fifteen daies not sweating Apply a Caustick to the hinder part of the Head or to the sound Arm if the other be affected If the Legs be affected apply a Caustick to them both After his Diet let him use for his ordinary Drink a Decoction of Guajacum or Water and Honey wherein hath a little Rosemary been boyled Let him abstain from Wine which is very hurtful in this Disease but if he desire to drink Wine let Bettony and Sage be boyled therein And it is far better if in the Vintage time those Herbs are put into a full Vessel of new Wine If the Disease be perverse and stubborn omitting the usual Pills and Magistral Syrup after his Diet use stronger Medicines made thus Take of Pill Foetida the greatest and Pill Cochie the less each half a dram of Troches of Alhandal four
of Palpitation of trembling and shaking chap. 8. and his third Book of Parts affected chap. 6. and his second Book of the Causes of Symptomes chap. 2. and his Comment upon Aphor. 39. Sect. 6. For saith he while the strings are moist and filled with humor as it falls out when the wind is Southernly they are stretched and so broken and when they are over dry as it happens in Northern weather they are contracted and also broken So the Reins of a Bridle drying too neer the fire are contracted when they were before extended with too much moisture the same befals the Nerves which being either too full of moisture or too dry are stretched and contracted and the Muscles into which they are united are so drawn back to their principal or original from whence all the Body hath a Convulsion The Mediate Causes of a Convulsion which make Repletion and Emptiness are divers And first the Causes of Repletion are recited by Galen in his Book of Trembling chap. last to the increase of flegm and inflamation a waterish Humor flowing to the Nerves is supposed to stretch them in their breadth which must needs make them shorter But here is a very great difficulty which is propounded by divers Authors but is resolved perfectly and plainly by none namely what difference there is between the cause of a Palsey and of a Convulsion when both come from a water flowing upon the Nerves why that matter which makes a Palsey which so fills the Nerves that it stops all their passages or pores whereby the Animal Spirits are hindred in their motion doth not also stretch the Nerves in breadth and cause also a Convulsion and why the matter causing a Convulsion filling the Nerves doth not also stop the passages and cause a Palsey when contrarily in a Convulsion the feeling remaineth and the part affected for the most part is very much pained For the resolving of this doubt Authors are much divided and the most ingenious of them all confess that is beyond their capacity Most witty Averroes considering of this Point breaks forth in this expression I would I knew the reason saith he why the Nerves are extended in their breadth and not in their length And presently after he saith Know ye that the words of all Physitians that write of this Symptome are more proper to Fidlers and Singers than to Demonstrators or such as should make things plain And Ingenuous Argenterius in his Comment upon the 26. Aphor. Sect. 2. speaks thus It is not easie to render a reason of all things and especially why Water which is said to be the cause of the Palsey or resolution of Nerves and of the Convulsion should somtimes bring one and somtimes another when it is the same matter and the same parts are affected namely the Nerves why should not the same Disease be alwaies produced Thus Argenterius The great difficulty of this matter hath distracted all Writers into divers Opinions so that some have left the Doctrine of Hippocrates and Galen among whom are Averroes Erastus Platerus Cesalpinus Sennertus and others whose divers Opinions and long Disputations we cannot attend to repeat for we desire to be very short and lay aside all Controversies only adhaering to those things which are most necessary for Cure The Opinion of the soundest Writers which are unwilling to dissent from Galen comes to this That a Convulsion is caused of a thick matter which extendeth the Nerves in their breadth and contracteth them in their length and that a Palsey comes of a thin humor which runs through the substance of the nerve and softeneth it but doth not open the pores and passages But this doth not satisfie a soul that is greedy of Truth For if a thick humor by filling the Nerve doth stretch it broader why doth it not also fill its pores and stop the insensible passages and hinder the coming in of the Animal Spirit and so bring a Palsey and why doth not a Convulsion follow a Palsey in process of time when a thin humor long sticking upon a part must needs grow thick even as the serous matter which makes the Arthritis or Joynt-gout by long continuance upon the part causeth the matter which makes the stone Others say that in a Convulsion only the external part of the Nerve which is Membranous and tender is possessed with the humor but in a Palsey the Internal but this giveth less satisfaction For when the Nerves are for the most part slender it is not easie to conceive how the humor should only possess the external part and not the internal or the internal and not the external Or leastwise if this could be so a Convulsion would follow a Palsey and a Palsey a Convulsion by the increase of the matter and that which at first did only possess the outward or the inward part in process of time would seize upon the whol Nerve Therefore we although we cannot satisfie ourselves in this great Difficulty while better Arguments are propounded suppose that those Objections may be taken off thus A Convulsion and a Palsey differ in this A Palsey is made of a pure watery humor without mixture which doth not extend the parts but softeneth them as we may see in the tumor called oedema but a Convulsion is caused of the same humor but not pure and simple but mixed with much wind by which wind the Nerves are stretched and the Muscles also which are contracted to their Original For no cause can be thought upon more fit to make so great a contraction than wind which Galen acknowledgeth in his second Book de sympt caus chap. 2. and Experience teacheth us that the greatest distentions are made especially by wind as we may see in the dropsie called Tympanites and the Chollick And in Convulâ—ions those are the greatest which are caused of wind which stretcheth and distendeth the parts By this Argument all the aforesaid Objections are answered For if it be demanded Why that flegm or water which maketh a Convulsion doth not bring a Palsey by hindering the passage of the Spirits we may answer That it is in so smal a quantity that it cannot stop the insensible passages of the Nerves and that it is so extenuated and made thin by much wind that it cannot produce a stoppage or obstruction Or we may say that wind is the chief cause of Convulsions which Galen acknowledgeth in the place mentioned And in his 6. Book de loc affect cap. ult he makes the only cause of a Priapism which is the Convulsion of the Yard to be wind The other Cause of a Convulsion coming from Repletion which Galen mentions in the place ciâ—ed is the Inflamation of the Nervous parts especially in the Original of the Nerves or neer to its original by which they are stretched and that Inflamation is either from a cause only internal namely from a flux of blood upon the part or of an outward cause as of a wound contusion or
bruise or a puncture of a Nerve The Causes of a Convulsion by Emptiness or Inanition are all extraordinary or immoderate Evacuations by bleeding at the Nose or any outward part by vomit flux of the belly or sweat as also all great consumptions of the Radical moisture which happen in strong Feavers immoderate exercise watchings cares immoderate Lechery hunger and thirst and the dayly use of Food and Medicines which heat and dry This kind of Convulsion from Emptiness is rejected by many who suppose that so great a drought cannot be brought into a living Body as may contract the Nerves but that is usual in a Hectick Feaver or a Marasmus these men are thus answered Every emptiness or driness cannot make a Convulsion but that which is made suddenly and unequally by which means there is a sudden Evacuation or emptying of the Radical moisture which makes the parts cling and close together for the avoiding of a Vacuum or emptiness which Nature abhorreth but if the moisture be equally drawn from al parts and by degrees there is no contraction because the parts made empty are filled with Air. A Convulsive Motion is of a sharp pricking matter which provokes the Nerves and it is for the most part a humor or vapor ful of acrimony or malignancy this comes often in malignant Feavers These Convulsive Motions are caused for the most part from the Brain and Nerves suffering by sympathy or consent and then it is called Convulsio Sympathica And this Sympathy is either by their plain suffering together in respect of their likeness in substance and office and their vicinity or neerness or from an evil quality or poysonous air sent to the original of the Nerves And it is often caused by consent from the mouth of the stomach through an aeruginous or rust like Choller through worms poyson or other sharp matter which gripeth and also from consent with the womb as it happeneth in Hysterical passions or the Mother The Diagnosis or knowledg of a Convulsion is easily learned from those things which we propounded in the beginning of this Chapter For in a true Convulsion the part is contracted stiff and immovable that it cannot be bent at the pleasure of the Patient but in a Convulsive Motion the part is shaken and tossed hither and thither As to the Prognostick A Convulsion which is in many parts especially those neer the Brain is dangerous as also that which is in the Muscles of the Breast which giveth us to fear a suffocation by reason of the shortness of the Patients breathing A Convulsion coming of too much bleeding or purging is deadly as Hippocrates saith in his Aphorisms for as Galen sheweth in his Comment that a Convulsion comes of emptiness but it may so fall out as it may come of irritation or provoking by the motion of sharp and chollerick humors to the Nervous parts or of the malign quality of a venemous Medicine as it happens after the taking of Hellebore A Convulsion from a Frenzy is deadly Aetius affirmeth that he never heard of or saw any so taken that recovered It is better that a Feaver follow a Convulsion than a Convulsion a Feaver Aphor. 37. Sect. 2. for a Feaver coming upon a Convulsion takes away its cause but a Convulsion coming upon a Feaver shews a malignant matter which threatneth death Whosoever are taken with the Tetanus or Cramp so called die within four daies but if they continue longer they are cured Aph. 6. Sect. 5. for the great stretching of all the Muscles hinders breathing so that they are suffocated And we must observe that a Convulsion is not the cause of death in respect of what is done to the Nerves for a Palsey coming of the like cause continues many yeers but in respect of the suffocation it brings by the Convulsion of the Muscles ordained for breathing The Cure of this Disease is divers as the Cause is divers That which comes of Emptiness is seldom and incurable therefore we shall not insist upon the Cure of it Authors do prescribe al kind of moistening Medicines and opening Oyntments That which comes of provoking or irritation is from other Diseases and is comprehended under the Cure of them It remains therefore that we treat of the Cure of a Convulsion by Repletion which when it comes of flegm and wind must be cured by removing of them This is done first by blood-letting if it abound and the party be strong but it is better to take too little than too much for blood is an Enemy to that principal Cause which is flegm After Blood-letting or it being omitted if need do not require you must purge with pills which are strong but have an eye to the Patients strength according to those forms in the first Chapter you must ad to them three grains of Castor If the Patient will not take pills he may take Potions Pouders and other Medicines prescribed in the first Chapter After Purging if you have not let blood before apply Cupping glasses with Scarrification otherwise without first to the remote parts then to the parts neer the part affected But if the Thighs or Legs have a Convulsion apply them to the Buttocks and Loyns if the Arms to the Neck and Shoulders laboring alwaies to bring the humor back to its original You may also with profit apply a Vencatory to the parts opposite to that which is affected After the first purging the matter is to be prepared with an Apozeme prescribed in the Cure of the cold distemper Make it purging if strength and other things wil permit otherwise leave out the Purgatives The Apozeme done give him Pills again putting Castorium to them and to all his Purges If you uâ—e only an alâ—ering Apozeme which changeth the Humors you must in that time give several sharp Clysters such as are prescribed in the Chapter of sleeping Diseases Also anoint the part with this Liniment Take of Oyntment of â—arsh-mallows six ounces Oyl of Turpentine and Chamomel of each one ounce Oyl of Spike three drams and of Foxes half an ounce Liquid Storax two ounces Anoint the part and back-bone often therewith Take of Oyl of Dill and Chamomel of each one ounce Unguentum Maâ—â—iatum half an ounce Oleum Petroleum and Spike of each one dram Spirit of Wine three drams Ducks or Goose Grease prepared as followeth is much commended Take a Goose or Duck that is fat pluck it and draw it then fill it with these things following Take of Sage Marjoram and French Lavender of each one handful Gum Ammoniacum and Bdellium of each one ounce Calamus Aromaticus Nutmeg Mace and Cloves of each half an ounce Beat them in a Mortar and moisten them with the Oyl of Earthworms after put them into the belly of the Goose sowed well together and roast it upon a Spit Receive the Dripping into a Vessel half full of Vinegar and anoint with it But it is stronger thus Take of the dripping aforesaid six ounces the Chymical Oyls
able to exercise a voluntary Motion perfectly The Spirits are made weak either by a fault in themselves or by a defect in the Nerves which are the Conduit Pipes by which they are carried and do act The fault is in the Spirits either when they are but few at the first or when they are afterwards dissipated They are few at the first either by reason of the cold distemper of the Brain as in old men or through the want of vital Spirits which are the matter of which the animal are made The Spirits are dissipated from many external Causes as immoderate Evacuations much use of Venery and unseasonable great pain and constant fasting sorrow and long violent Diseases The Spirits are hurt by defect in the Nerves and are weakned either when the Nerves are too cold or are infected with a malignant quality or obstructed or compressed They grow too cold either from a cold Air from use of cold meats or much drinking of Water swimming often in cold water and the like They are infected by the use of Opium Henbane Poppy and the vapor of Quick-silver as it is seen in Gold-smiths and them which have the French Pox and have been cured with the fume of Cinnaber So in malignant Feavers tremblings come also which are rather to be accounted Convulsive Motions and also they come from the provocation or irritation of the Nervous parts They are stopped not wholly as in a Palsey but much less but by the same cause namely a watery humor gently sprinkled upon the Nerves which is produced of gluttony drunkenness and other Causes Lastly Trembling may come from compression of the Nerves when excrementitious humors abounding in the whol Body do compress the Nerves and hinder the free passage of the Animal Spirits Hercules Saxonia besides the causes mentioned borrowed from Galen acknowledgeth another Tremor coming of wind and Cardanus another from pain in nervous parts But they are deceived because the Motion produced from those Causes are to be referred to Palpitation or Convulsive Motion There is no need of signs in this disease because trembling appears of it self But the Causes that produce it are to be known by their proper signs as also we must search for those external Causes which went before As for the Prognostick Trembling of it self is not dangerous but if it be in old people it continueth with them til they die But it may be deadly by accident in as much as it usually goes before a Palsey or an Apoplexy You must Cure Trembling as you cure the Palsey and therefore we shall not make vain repetitions of Medicines CHAP. XI Of Phrenitis or Phrenzie A Phrenzy is an Inflamation of the Brain and its Membranes with a continual dotage and a a sharp constant Feaver By the word Inflamation we understand a true Tumor which is commonly called a contracted Inflamation coming of Blood out of the Vessels falling upon the substance of the part for the Blood being hot and Chollerick and in the Membranes or substance of the Brain causeth a true Erysipelas or an Erysipelas Phlegmonodes or Phlegmon Erysipelatodes By Delirium or Doting we understand the erring of Reason for we suppose that fault cannot be in the Imagination alone without a fault be in the Reason in a Phrenzy whatsoever others think we are led by the Authority of Galen who in his Book of the Difference of Symptomes chap. 3. gives an Example of one Theophilus a Physitian who thought Fidlers sate continually in a corner of his house playing and beleeved that he saw them somtimes standing somtimes sitting and cried continually that they should be cast out of doors And Galen saith that in him the Imagination was hurt without the Reason First therefore we may say that Theophilus had not a Phenzy for Galen doth not say that he had but speaking of a Delirium which Theophilus had therefore it was rather Melancholly because they somtimes err in one object and discourse wel concerning other so saith Galen of Theophilus that he had wisdom in other things both to discourse and to know his friends But we say further of Theophilus that not only his Imagination but also his Reason was hurt because he really thought the Fidlers were there and desired they should be put forth For when the Imagination alone is hurt the Reason being not hurt acknowledgeth the error of Imagination as in a Vertigo in which the Patient thinks al things run round but Reason knoweth that it is not so indeed but that Imagination doth err Nor is the Opinion of Eustachius Rudius to be received in this case who saith That it never comes to pass that the Imagination should be hurt the Reason being sound because Reason worketh upon Phantasms received from the Imagination and therefore if foolish Phantasms are offered to the Reason he thinks it necessary that the Understanding beholding those foolish fansies should also be foolish And hence Eustachius gathers that the Imagination is not depraved but there is a meer and simple deceit of the sight We say that the understanding doth run from one thing to another and is busied about those Species which are retained in the Memory and though the Fansie presents absurdities to the Mind yet the Species before received are still retained in the Memory and are presented to the Reason it can know and correct that mistake of the Fansie namely if it judg that those absurd fansies which are brought to it by a depraved Imagination do neither agree with time place or other circumstances which still remain in the Memory and are known to be true So in a Vertigo Reason being in order judgeth that it is impossible that Roofs Walls and Pavements should turn round and therefore they are falsly represented to the Imagination So the Phylosopher that was bit with a mad dog and his Imagination began to decay going into a Bath perceived the false Image of a Dog therein but Reason being sound reproved the error of his Imagination and made him speak thus What hath a Dog to do in a Bath and presently he cast himself into the Bath by which means he was delivered from the danger of a Disease called Hydrophobia or fear of Water There are two kinds of Phrenzie namely a true Phrenzy which is laid down in the Definition above mentioned Another which is called Paraphrenitis or Bastard Phrenzy A true Phrenzy is somtimes in the Disposition which is most usual somtimes in the Habit which is called Hectical Phrenzy in which the Chollerick Humors are strongly fixed in the Brain and possess many parts thereof sticking thereto like a tincture or dye A Paraphrenitis or bastard Phrenzy is when a hot distemper is communicated to the Brain either from the whol Body as in burning Feavers or from some part inflamed as the Stomach Liver Lungs and especially the Diaphragma or Midriff which by inflamation doth produce a Disease very like a Phrenzy namely a contâ—nual Dotage called Delirium which cometh to
of Chamomel and of Dill mixed with Oyl of Roses But among Resolving Medicines the chiefest are Creatures newly killed and applied to the head or pieces of them as yong Pidgeons Chickens Puppies cut along the Back and Sheeps Lights for they fortifie the part with their Natural heat discuss the humor and qualifie the sharpness thereof Which things if you have tried one or two daies and have found no benefit Mercatus teacheth to apply a Cupping glass to the crown of the head that the humors may breath through the Sutures into the Skin and if it appearâ—red and be swelled under the Cupping glass to scarifie This Counsel he saith if followed wil do good when al things besides fail especially if you bath presently after with sweet Water in which you have boyled some discussing Medicines But he adviseth that this be not used in Phrenzies that come from other Feavers but only in that which beginneth of its self This Remedy is confirmed by Zacutus Lucitanus who saies that he cured a most desperate Phrenzy by applying a Cupping Glass to the fore part of the Head with Scarrification Some are so bold as to apply Vesicatories or Medicines to raise Blisters to the fore part of the Head which they say hath somtimes had success But this requires extraordinary premeditation before it be used For his Drink let the Patient use Barley Water or Water made of Sorrel Roots with Syrup of Pomegranates Barberries or Lemmons or let him drink this following Infusion Take of Spring Water two pints the Leaves of Sorrel and wild Poppies of each half a handful the Flowers of Borrage Water-lillies and Violets of each half a pugil the spirit of Vitriol one dram red Sanders rasped two scruples Let them be infused for some hours cold then strain them with a Cap paper and ad as much Sugar as is sufficient to make it pleasant There is in this Disease for the most part a stoppage of Urine because the Patient neglecteth to make it from whence those parts that contain it are distended and bring so great an Inflamation that it alone is able to bring death to the Patient Therefore you must often call upon the Patient to make water and you must foment the place where the Bladder lieth with warm Water and drive the Urine forth by the compression of the hand But if the Symptomes do not yeild to these light Medicines you must proceed to stronger Take of the Leaves of Pellitory of the wall two handfuls Parsley with its roots one handful Boyl them and after they are strained ad three ounces of the Oyl of Scorpions and foment the hairy place of the Privities therewith Let the remainder of this Decoction after the straining be fryed in a pan with the Oyl of Scorpions and applied to the same part after the Fomentation If you desire a stronger Decoction ad the Seeds of Smallage Parsley Gromwel Seselis or large and broad Cummin of each two drams You may also profitably apply this following Oyntment after the Fomentation Take of the Fat of a Rabbit and of Oyl of Scorpions of each two ounces Smallage Seeds Parsley seeds Asarabacca and Cummin seeds finely poudered of each half a dram Make an Oyntment Chap. XII Of the Imposthume and Spacelus or Mortification of the Brain THe Imposthume and Mortification of the Brain is described by few Authors although it was observed by Hippocrates in his 3. Book of Diseases and happeneth somtimes in Practice and deluding those Physitians who are not well grounded making them conceive it to be another Disease Now a Spacelus or Mortification of the Brain is a suppuration or corruption or matter of the substance of the Brain which is called a Gangrene Syderation or blasting of the Brain The Immediate cause whereof is an Inflamation of the substance of the Brain which is distinguished from a Phrenzy in this In a Phrenzy the Membranes are chiefly inflamed and they do communicate an inflamation to the external part adjoyning but in this Disease the inward parts of the Brain are inflamed and the whol substance thereof is putrified for so great an inflamation in a most tender part and moist will quickly produce a Spacelus or Mortification The Cause of this Inflamation is Blood over-heated or over chollerick running into the Body and internal parts of the Brain The Primary Causes are all such things as produce hot and much Blood in the whol Body which is sent to the Brain as violent Exercise the heat of the Sun heat of the head by Fire Wrath and the like But great Wounds do more usually produce this Disease as also Contusions But a Spacelus or Imposthume coming from a Wound or Contusion is different from the former in this An Imposthume made by a Fall or Contusion doth nâ— possess so many parts of the Brain but for the most part adhaereth to one Hence the Symptomes are higher especially in the beginning and the Diâ—eâ—â—e continueth longer The Sâ—gns of an Imposthume or Spacelus which cometh without a Wound or Contusion are these In the beginning there is a great Head-ach which is communicated by the hinder part of the head to the neck and all the back after which comes a general decay of all the Sences both internal and external as in an Apoplexy from which it is distinguished by the Signs hereafter mentioned The Patient is tossed to and fro and cannot remain in the same place he layeth hold with his hands upon his head and desires to tear and scratch his face plucking his hair but as the Disease enâ—reaseth his Body groweth faint and cannot use such violence A most sharp and strong Feaver alwaies accompanyeth this Disease which comes from the great Inflamation of the brain Lastly In this Disease the Patient never takes meat or drink neither can you take any course to give them any thing and therefore their strength soon faileth An Imposthume by a Wound or Contusion is known by these signs following After the Wound or Contusion is received there is a kind of numbness and sadness in the Body the Animal Spirits beginning to be weakened by the matter which is got out of its Vessel When the Disease encreaseth there ariseth a kind of Feaver when the matter begins to putrifie thence comes head-ach and drouziness after when putrefaction is encreased al the symptomes grow stronger the Feaver sharper the Patient rising from sleep suddenly roareth out and then presently lyeth down again he often brings his hand to his head Hence it is that many before they die do send forth filthy green matter out of their mouth and nose As to the Prognostick part thus This Disease is most dangerous and commonly deadly even in three daies space as Hippocrates sheweth in his 51. Aphorism Sect. 7. saying That they who have a mortified and putrified brain die in three daies but if they live longer they recover Galen in his Comments teacheth that we are not to understand here by a
He who hath a Vein beating in his Arm is like to be mad and is subject to wrath but he that hath it moving by degrees is slow and stupid Here Hippocrates calleth Arteries by the name of Veins For he doth not mean a simple but a violent Pulsation unto which he opposeth that which is by degrees So that the meaning of his saying is this They who have naturally a high strong Pulse great and swift are inclinable to anger and fury but they who have a slow pulse are dull and blockish Secondly You must regard the Sex for Men are more often mad than Women Which is to be understood of the Original Disease of Madness for Woâ—en are often mad by consent from the Matrix Thirdly The Age is to be considered for Madness comes oftener to yong men than to boyes and old men Fourthly Mark the time of the year It comes often in Spring oftener in Summer most often at the fall of the Leaf according to Hippocrates and Galen Aphor. 20 21 and 22. Sect. 3. In the Spring the humors bred at other times and kept al Winter quiet are moved and stirred and produce proportionable diseases In the Summer much choller not only yellow but black is encreased in them that are inclined to it which causeth madness at that time or else encreasing till Autumn the disease comes then These Signs are more remote and shew only in general a disposition to this disease but these following shew it to be at hand Constant pain in the head watchings short and little sleep troublesom dreams cares and thoughtfulness frights from smal causes a rash and often fury from none or the â—mallest occasion eyes not enduring light noise in the ears an unaccustomed desire of Venery Nocturnal pollutions often laughter unaccustomed and without Reason much talk not formerly used and somtimes much silence These shew that a Mania is begun But that the Mania is present you may know by the â—igns mentioned in the Definition namely a Delirium without a Feaver with fury and boldness divers are the kinds of Dotage or Delirium in divers sick men and at divers times they come according as the cause is more or less vehement for some have a rash madness and seize upon every man they meet tear their own cloathes somtimes lay violent hands to destroy themselves Others ate milder and tamer and hurt no body but speak distractedly and ridiculously somtimes they sing somtimes they laugh and have divers whimseys and symptomes much like those in Melancholly men and fools And from the variety of those symptomes you may gather the variety of the cause For immoderate laughter mirth and singing signifie that the matter offending is dashed with much blood but wrath restlessness howling striking pale and yellow color in the face shew that choller is in fault but a furious madness that laies hold on all it meets and somtimes stayeth them comes from choller burnt which is called black choller but if this black choller comes not of yellow choller but melancholly adust the Patient looks furiously somtimes is long silent and then breaks forth into earnest discourse they are unruly and untoward and somtimes cry and lament grievously The Prognostick of this Disease is A Mania is a strong Disease and continueth not only months but years even to death especially if it be haereditary All Diseases of black choller are hard to be cured and this especially because the Patient will not be ruled and take their Medicines prescribed A Mania which comes with laughter and those light symptoms is easier cured than that which comes with sadness and fury That the Disease will shortly be cured appears by Natural Evacuations by sweat stool bleeding at noâ—e or hemorrhoids or varâ—ces or crooked swelled veins appears whence Hippocrates Aphor. 21. Sect. 6. if varices or hemorrhoids come to mad men the disease is cured Bloody-flux Dropsie Tertian Ague or Quartan happening to a mad man takes away his disease for there is a remove of the humors unto the lower parts from the Head in which they produce a new Disease For the Cure of this Disease the matter offending is to be evacuated revelled and repelled the hot Distemper is to be corrected the Brain and other principal parts are to be strengthened which may be done by the means following First Let blood out of the vein of the Arm which appears most but give a Clyster before the day after bleed again in thâ— other Arm and do thus often For Platerus affirms that innumerable mad folks have been cured by Chyrurgions and others who have studied the Cure and have let them blood twenty or twenty six times not only in the Arms but Feet Forehead Nostrils Hemorrhoides if the veins appear there and also in the Hand or Salvatella This is to be done by degrees intermitting Clysters and purging Medicines here prescribed Cupping Glasses to the Shoulders and Back with â—carification are to be applyed after the other veins are opened as also Horsleeches to the Temples and behind the Ears And you must intermix Preparations and Purges proper for the matter offending when you let blood so often and they must be continued long for which use are al those which we have mentioned for preparing and purging of Choller to which we may ad these following as being more excellent and choice Take of Laâ—is Lazuli one dram and an half Diagridium half a dram the best Turbith one dram Senna half an ounce Epithymum and Cream of Tartar of each two drams Cinamon and Citron peeles of each one scruple Saffron half a scruple make a pouder the Dose to be given at once is one dram or four scruples with any proper liquor or broth Take of black Hellebore one ounce infuse it for three dayes space in four ounces of rain water boyl them with a gentle fire to three parts ad to the straining of the best clarified Honey two ounces and take one spoonful in fat broth Or Take of the Extract of black Hellebore half a scruple Sirup of Violets one ounce mix them for one Dose All Medicines made of Hâ—llebore as the Wine Syrup and Oxmel of it are very good against this Disease Heâ—ce it is reported that Melampus the Son of Amythaon the Physitian Cured the Daughters of Praetus King of Greece with Hellebor'd wine when by Madness they supposed themselves to be Cowes Antimony in this Disease is not only Commended by Chymists but also by al Galenists both in regard it doth diâ—charge Melancholly from the whole Body and also because the Patients wil be easily perswaded to take it The Dose is divers according to the diversity of the preparation of it Baths of hot Water are to be often used and after every Purge The Orâ—er of Purging Medicines for this Disease is as followeth First give altering Apozems that Purgeth for three or four dayes together after you have let blood in both Arms. After give twice in a week gentler Potions or Pouders
ought in their own Nature to be pure thin and transparant for the cheerful performing of the actions of the Brain and to cause cheerfulness if they change their constitution and become dark and obâ—cure they produce sorrow and fear Galen in his 2. de sympt caus chap. 6. by an Example borrowed from external darkness doth explain the matter Of those things saith he which are without the Body we see nothing that doth more terrifie us than darkness therefore when darkness doth encompass the rational part of man it is necessary that that man should exceedingly fear who doth alwaies carry about with him another cause of fear besides that which is external The cause of this eâ—il disposition of the Spirits is a Melanchollick humor which being possessed with thickneâ—s darkness and blackness doth infect the Spirits and makes them cloudy and dark And this Melanchollick humor is cold and dry and therefore proper for fixing and condensing of the Spirits which fixing and condensing or thickening of the Spirits must needs cause sorrow and heaviness For if the humor be thin and hot as is black choller from which comes madness it doth rather produce fury and boldness than fear and sorrow Therfore the immediate cause of Melancholly is thickness and darkness of the Spirits Animal but the necessary condition and without which it cannot be is a cold and dry distemper But if any shal instance of an Hypochondriack Melancholly from Galens third Book de locis affect is chap. 7. that it is an inflamation in the Hypochondria and therefore the hot distemper doth prevail We answer That that Inflamation or burning of the Hypochondria comes from the heat of blood long retained in the spleen and Meseraick Veins by reason of obstructions from whence many vapors are sent up into the Brain which though they be hot yet are overcome by the coldness of the Brain and are easily brought to a cold and dry temper which is proper to Melancholly But if the heat of those vapors be such that they spoil the temper of the Brain and make it hot and dry then comes Madness and not Melancholly So that in Madness or Mania and Melancholly there is this difference That in the first namely Mania there is a hot and dry distemper In the other called Melancholly a cold and dry distemper The former mentioned darkness of the Spirits confirmed by Galen is rejected of Averroes in this respect Because darkness brought upon the Animal Spirits and the black color of a Melanchollick humor cannot infect the internal Sences according to that vulgar Axiom There is nothing in the Understanding which was not first in the Sence therefore since that black color or internal darkness was not first represented to the eyes it cannot be perceived by the internal Sences We answer That the blackness of a Melanchollick humor or the darknes of the spirits doth not affect the internal Sences under the notion of color but as they are somwhat besides Nature in the brain hindering its actions For the Animal Spirits for the perfect performance of the Actions of the brain ought to be pure thin and clear But if on the other side they be impure thick and dark they hinder the actions of the brain by infecting the species which are sent thither even as a colored glass doth represent the species of the object to the eye with its own Tincture A cold and dry distemper which is propounded for a necessary condition to this disease of Melancholly may be opposed by this Argument taken from Avicen in Fen. 1. Lib. 3. Tract 4. Chap. 18. he saith That Stammerers are for the most part Melanchollick But these Stutterers are very moist in temper according to Galen Comment Aphor. 32. Sect. 6. where Hippocrates saith That Stammerers are most subject to loosness And Galen thereupon saith That Stammerers have the moistest temper as appears in children who are most subject to loosness We answer That Avicens Text is not to be understood of those which are true Stammerers which cannot pronounce the letter R. of which Hippocrates and Galen spake in the Aphorism aforesaid who are of a moister temper But of those which are called Trauly and Stutterers which repeat the same syllable very often before they can pronounce a whol word Which comes from their headlong phancy when they strive to speak very quickly for then the tongue foldeth its self and is constrained to stop and stay in the production of Words And these Stutterers are of a melanchollick temper Lastly It may be doubted how darkness of the Spirits should be an immediate cause of a melancholly Delirium when every hurt action depends immediately upon some disease but this tenebrosity or darkness can be referred to no kind of Disease We answer That tenebrosity or darkness is a Disease in number by reason that the coming thereof doth encrease the number of those things which are necessary in the Brain for the performance of animal Functions And the instance which may be brought against this Argument namely That a disease is an affect of a true part is answered in the Treatise of Vertigo The Proper signs of Melancholly are propounded in the definition namely Fear and Sorrow without any manifest Cause which are found in every kind of melancholly But the several sorts of melanchilly are known by their proper signs So these following signs do shew that melancholly doth only reside in the head namely an evil habit of the Brain or hot Diseases going before by which the blood contained in its Veins is torrefied and burned and at last brought into a melanchollick humor Short and interrupted sleep troublesom dreams giddiness noise in the Ears and no symptomes from other parts and especially from the belly That this Disease cometh from the whol Body appears by a melancholly habit of the whol body either Natural known by a black color roughness and leanness or acquisite coming by cares labors watchings course diet and the like That it comes from the Hypochondria these signs declare Heart-burning with no thirst often spitting sowr belchings and windy eruptions upwards and downwards rumbling of the guts pain and heaviness of the midriff perplexity nauseousness somtimes insatiable appetite heart-beating somtimes a swelling in the Hypochondria And other signs which shall be shewn more at large in the Discourse of Hypochondriack Melancholly That this Disease comes from the womb may be known by those which are set down in their order for the declaring of Hysterical Diseases The Prognostick of this Disease is thus The Disease is dangerous if Chronical of long continuance and very fixed For a melanchollick humor especially that which comes by adustion and inclineth to black choller contemns the force of Medicines if weak and opposeth the strongest whence a melanchollick humor is said to be the scourge and disgrace of Physitians But a new sprung melancholly coming of immediate Causes is easily cured For Galen reports in his third Pook de loc
affect chap. 7. That he hath often cured a melancholly in the beginning with only Baths of sweet Waters The Hemorrhoids or Piles coming upon melancholly men somtimes bring cure if the humors be cast down thither critically by Nature For somtimes they come symptomatically and multiply the matter of the Disease in many parts Somtimes it is cured by flux of the Hemorrhoids by Scabs Itch or other diseases breaking forth of the Skin As to the Cure of it from whencesoever the Disease took its original we must observe alwaies two things First That the whol Body be freed from a melanchollick humor and the filth of other humors for it seldom happens that one part alone is troubled with it Secondly That the main Cure be directed to the Hypochondria because that in the spleen and liver there is the first generation of Melancholly and the gathering of it is in the parts thereabout therefore the Cure of Hypochondriack Melancholly set down by us will serve for the Cure of other diseases of Melancholly for you can scarce cure the Hypochondria from the abundance of any humor and the generation of any new but by consequence the whol body must be cured of the same Therefore for all diseases of Melancholly those Remedies will suffice which are propounded in the Cure of Hypochondriack Melancholly CHAP. XV. Of a Catarrh or Defluxion A Catarrh is a preternatural Defluxion of an Excrementitious humor from the head into the inferior parts It is therefore a Symptome of the third kind namely a fault in the Excrements The substance of the Brain being large needs much nourishment of whence comes necessarily abundance of Excrements especially by reason of the cold and moist distemper of the part which excrements if they have only their moderate and natural quantity are received into the fore Ventricles of the Brain and are sent by the Choana as by a funnel to the moist Glandels and so are spit forth every day from the pallat but if they grow more plentiful and yet consist in their Natural condition they are dispersed about the Brain and the Meninges and so are sent forth not only by the pallat but also by the nostrils But when the Brain is affected with distemper and weakness or is constrained to receive too much and disproportionable nourishment which it cannot sufficiently concoct there is a great encrease of excrements Ad further as Hippocrates saith that the Brain like Cupping-glasses applied to the Body never cease to attract humors and vapors from the inferior parts hence the excrements are encreased which by their quantity and quality provoking the expulsive and overcoming the retentive faculty run immoderately by unusual and improper waies which they find out to the great disturbance of the Body Since then a fluxion is the motion of matter from one part to another we must consider in that as in all motions five things The Terminus or place from whence the place to which it moves the Mover the Moved and the waies by which it is moved The place from whence is the Brain the place to which is some part beneath the 〈◊〉 the â—â—lover is the expulsive faculty stirred up or the retentive weakned the thing 〈◊〉 is an excrementitious humor the way by which is the Pallat Nostrils Eyes Ears and in eâ—â—ble â—assages as also the Veins Arteries and Nerves In the place from which or the part which sendeth forth we may observe two kinds of Causes One is that which begetteth much moiâ—â—ure in the Body the other is that which make the humors flow That is called the generating this the expelling Cause The generating Causes 〈◊〉 the hindering of Concoction which comes either from the fault in the nourishment or in the faculty The Concoction of the Brain is hindered chiefly from distemper either cold or hot A cold distemper causeth that the Nourishment brought to the brain is ill concocted and turned into flegm as also that the vapors brought from the inferior parts are not sufficiently discussed but are turned and condensed into Water But a hot distemper doth attract more plentiful nourishment and vapors so that Nature cannot sufficiently discuss them The Concoction of the brain is hindred through the Nourishment either when there is too much or when it hath evil qualities so cold gross and slimy meats and drinks immoderately taken cannot be perfectly concocted and make the Brain crude and moist So sharp and windy nourishment send many vapors to the head To these you may ad external Causes which use to fill the head with superfluous humidity as Southernly Air long sleep especially at noon an idle life and the like Although the Brain be called the chief sending part yet it is not alwaies the chief cause of defluxion but for the most part the matter is sent from other parts to the Brain for after evil humors are collected either in the Veins or any peculiar part as the Liver Spleen Mesentery Womb not only many Vapors are sent from them to the head but also the humors themselves are carried to the head and descend again to the inferior parts and the fault lieth most in the inferior parts in the breeding of a defluxion whose distemper is divers and the Obstruction also divers For a hot distemper of the Bowels makes abundance of vapors from which comes defluxions as in a Stil or Alembick But a cold distemper by weak concoction begets crude humors which upon the least occasion â—ly to the brain But the Obstructions of the parts of the lower belly hinder the voiding of Excrements whence it comes that they being encreased by degrees when they cannot find their free and ordinary course fly up to the brain And to this doth also concur the weakness of thâ— brain fit to receive these Excrements for as we said the stronger parts to disburden themselves upon the weaker and it often happens that the brain by reason of its soft and loose substance is weakest and can less resist than solid and compact substances The impulsive causes are too much heat of the brain or coolness or some concoction of humors Too much heat doth extenuate and diffuse the humors contained in the brain and opens the pores by which they use to flow such is the heat of the head with the Sun or fire or too much covering smelling of hot Spices and other passions Coldness doth compress the brain and strains forth the humors therein contained as a Spunge is squeezed in the hand Such change is often in Winter and especially in sudden alteration of Air as when a Southern wind hot and moist is turned into a North wind cold and dry or when one going out of a hot place comes speedily into a cold To these Causes you may ad coldness of the feet which by sympathy is communicated to the Brain Many there are who deny the aforesaid compression of the brain by cold because cold doth incrassat and condense the humors and makes them less apt to flow
of the inferior parts Let his Belly be alwaies kept loose and let him avoid disturbance of mind The course of Diet being thus ordered you must begin your Cure from Universal Evacuation And first you must purge with the following Medicine Take of clean Senna half an ounce Fennel seeds one dram the Leaves of Bettony Eyebright and Vervain of each half a handful Liquoris three drams Boyl them to three ounces Dissolve in the straining three drams of Diaphaenicon Syrup of Roses one ounce Make a Potion and give it in the morning with orderly Government After this first Purge let the Physitian consider seriously with himself whether he may bleed or not For it is disallowed in this case by almost all Practitioners because it is a Chronical Disease of long continuance coming of a cold distemper and of a flegmy humor Hence they fear least by blood-letting the Brain should be made more cold and so beget more flegm and least the conjunct cause of the Disease should be more incressated or thickened and so become more difficult to be discussed and dissipated But although their Opinion may take place as to old men and such as are of a Phlegmatick Constitution yet it is not to be admitted to them that are yong or of a hot Constitution especially if there be manifest signs that blood doth predominate for then there is no doubt but seasonable blood-letting may much profit Nay where the aforesaid signs of blood do appear it is profitable in the judgment of Paulus and Aetius after the Vein in the Arm is opened to open the particular Veins of the Head and those which are neerest the Eyes namely the Frontal and Temple Veins and those which are in the corners of the Eyes neer the root of the Nose But you may better apply Hors-leeches to the Forehead as also behind the Ears Some Practitioners do relate that some by a wound in the Forehead have been cured of blindness In which it is most probable that the cause of their blindness was the compression of the optick Nerves by the Veins and Arteries adjoyning and swelling with too much blood which the Wounds aforesaid emptied forth Whence Spigelius as Plempius reports in his Book of the Eyes was wont in Gutta serena with good success to open the middle Vein in the Forehead and let it bleed while it stop of it self But if the suppression of the terms went before this Disease you must draw blood from the lower veins or apply Leeches to the Hemorrhoids if the Patient had formerly a flux thereof which then is stopped or if he have a very hot Liver or be of a melancholly temper Afterwards the whole body is to be more exactly purged by this following Apozeme Take of Fennel Roots and Sarsaparilla and Flower-de-luce-roots and Elicampane roots of each one ounce the Leaves of Bettony Marjoram Balm Eyebright Fennel Vervain and Celendine the great of each one handful Liquoris sliced and Raisons of the Sun stoned of each one ounce Annis-seed and Fennel-seed of each three drams clensed Senna two ounces Gummy Turbith and Agerick newly made into Troches of each two drams Ginger and Cloves of each one scruple flowers of Stoechas Rosemary and Lavender of each one small handful Boyl them in five quarters that is a pint and a quarter of water dissolve in the straigning four ounces of white sugar make an Apozeme clarifie it and perfume it with two drams of the best cinnamon for four mornings draughts After the Apozeme is done let him take these Pills Take of the mass of Pill Lucis major and Cochia the less of each half a dram malax them with Bettony water make six guilded Pills thereof which let him take early in the morning After this general Evacuation the antecedent Cause is to be revelled and the conjunct Cause is to be derived and discussed For this Frictions of the extream parts especially beneath are to be used every morning Cupping-Glasses must be applied to the shoulders and back without sacrification especially to the hinder part of the Head with scarification for they do so powerfully draw the humors from the fore-parts and the principle of the Nerves that some presently after the application thereof have recovered their sight At the same time apply a Vesicatory to the hinder part of the neck and let the Blysters that are raised be kept long open with Beet or Colewort Leaves often applied When the Vesicatory is dried up apply a Caustick to the hinder part of the head or neck between the second or third Vertebra or as it is now most usual apply two Causticks to the Neck behind upon the fourth and fifth Vertebra so that the back bone may lie untouched between them and both may be Cured with one Playster Instead of Cauteries a Seton applied to the same part is most efficacious but the tenderness of our Country men hath almost abolished the use thereof If the aforesaid Cauteries avail not you may lay a potential Cautery to the Coronal Suture which sometimes hath done the work when other Remedies have failed When these things are doing presently after universal Evacuation by seege you must order a sweating Diet of the Decoction of Guajacum Sassaphras and the Roots of Sarsa according to the method prescribed by us in the Cure of the Cold distemper of the Brain Observing this That towards the end of the Sudorifick Decoction you and those things which peculiarly respect the Eyes as Vervain Fennel Eyebright and Celondine the greater And for the better drying of the Brain let the Bags prescribed in the Chapter above mentioned be applied to the Temples if you fear not an inflamation Also after the Sudorifick Diet it is very convenient to use Sulpherous and Bituminous Baths and washings of the head because they are very proper for the correcting of a Cold and Moist Distemper for the consuming of Flegm and strengthening the brain Besides the universal Evacuation of the body and Head particular may be ordered as Medicines that cause spitting called Apophlegmatisin by which the Rhewm is brought out of the Brain by the Pallate which may be made either in the â—orm of a Gargarism or Masticatory according to the forms prescribed in the Cure of the cold distemper of the brain Errhins and Sternutatories or Neesings are condemned by almost al Practitioners in this Disease because they draw humors to the eyes but yet if some of the milder and gentler sort be used after an exact purging of the whose body and head for some few dayes they may be profitable in regard they may by degrees draw forth and derive the humor which causeth the Disease and is fastned in the Optick Nerves nor can they fetch any thing from the profound part of the brain to the fore-parts Otherwise in every derivation which is an evacuation by the part affected or that which is neer unto it we should alwayes fear lest there should be an attraction to the part affected
Galen 4. de loc aff cap. 2. taught that vapors may be sent from the Head to the Eyes and make a bastard Suffusion but although Authors speak of two sorts of Suffusions yet they are for the most part united and a spurious or false pleuresie is complicated or joyned with a true one because vapors sent from the lower parts to the Brain are easily carried to those parts of the Head which are weakened with any Disease and this appears in that all troubled with Suffusions are less troubled and see better in the morning than at noon or night because after dinner or supper many vapors are sent up from the Stomach to the Eyes which disturb the sight And Experience teacheth That men so diseased have their sight more dull and dark presently after meat than a few hours after Moreover all that have a Suffusion relate that they see in the Air little bodies as Gnats Flyes Hairs Cobwebs and the like which could not be but by the gross vapors which are sent to the Eye and there move for although Authors suppose that these representations depend upon some thick Humors contained in the Eye which make a Suffusion yet this is not credible Because then it should alwaies move in the Eye to represent those little Bodies which fly in the ayr which is contrary to reason But rather without question the vapors are in perpetual motion and so can represent those flying fancies A Watery Humor is the chief and most ordinary cause of a Suffusion yet other Humors at least in a smal quantity may be mixed therewith and if Choller be mixed then it is citrine or yellowish if Melancholly then it is a black Suffusion And those Humors use to slow to the Eyes when they are weak either Naturally or by Accident From a Natural debility comes a thrusting forth of the Eyes for they who have such Eyes are very subject to a Suffusion for such Eyes use to be great and therefore the vertue spread abroad is less in them as also by reason of their largeness they do more easily receive humors and vapors External causes make an accidental or adventitious debility as a stroak contusion baths a Southern and rainy habitation or season heat of the Sun smoak continual reading especially by candle light and the like All which may also cause a flux of humors to the Eyes Now the Humors flow from the Brain to the Eyes by the Veins by the Tunicle called Vvea and by the Optick Nerve The Veins by which they flow are divers either those which come from the Pericranium to the Conjunctiva thence to the Cornea and Vvea or those which come from the Menâ—nges from which some branches come to the Membranes of the Eye from which Membranes especially from the Vvea the excrementitious humors may easily fall into the watery humor being so neer Finally Humors may easily be carried by the Optick from the Brain by the Tunica Retiformis and Aranea to the Crystalline and then the matter of the Suffusion sticks upon the superficies of the Crystalline Although a Suffusion for the most part comes by a defluxion yet somtimes it may come by congestion or gathering when that nourishment of the Eye is not well changed and the expulsive Faculty is so weak that it cannot expel sufficiently the remaining excrements so that they are by degrees gathered together about the Pupilla and so make a Suffusion in which case other humors are ordinarily disturbed and difficult diseases are produced The Differences of a Suffusion are taken from the thickness and quantity of the humor causing it and from the place in which the humor resideth In regard of thickness more or less the sight is more or less offended for if the humor be thin and serous of which the Suffusion is made which is cured by pricking as Galen taught 14. Meth. cap. ult The sight is little worse and it is called a Suffusion only begun if it be somwhat thicker the sight is darker if very thick blindness followeth In respect of the quantity and the place Either the humor possesseth the whol Eye and the sight is equally hindered which way soever it be directed or it possesseth one part of the Pupil more than another and so the objects are not seen wholly at one direct view nor can many objects be seen at one time but if the humor be very little and possess the middle of the Pupilla the objects appear with holes through them But if the matter be divided into divers parts possessing divers parts of the Pupilla the forms of Gnats shall seem to be before the eyes All these differences are exactly distinguished by Galen 1. de symp causis c. 2. Moreover In respect of the place or Scituation of the matter other differences may be made as somtimes the matter is in the very hole or cavity of the Vvea about the Cornea somtimes about the Vvea and between that and the watery humor sometimes it is mixed with the Watery Humor and finally somtimes it is between the Crystalline and Watery Humor Some Differences may be taken from the figure or shape of the matter which Galen relates 1. de sympt causis cap. 2. and 4. de loc affect cap. 2. for as the figure of the humor adjacent to the Pupilla is various so divers objects are present thereunto as Gnats Hairs Cobwebs Circles about Candles and other things The knowledg of this Disease is first in distinguishing a true from a bastard Suffusion and then in the discovery of the differences of true and right Suffusions A true Suffusion doth for the most part affect only one Eye but if both be affected they are not at one time or alike affected as in a spurious Suffusion Secondly In a true Suffusion some dark matter appeareth in the Pupilla which doth not in a Spurious or Bastard Suffusion But this is not alwaies a true sign for if the Suffusion cometh of a thin and serous humor because it is no thicker than the Watery humor there appeareth no change in the Eye by which Physitians are somtimes deceived not knowing that kind of Suffusion take it for Gutta serena perceiving no change in the Pupilla but this kind is easily distinguished from Gutta serena First in Gutta serena the sight is quite gone or much diminished no hurt appearing in the Eye On the contrary In a Suffusion which we cannot see there is only a smal decay of sight because the serous humor from whence it proceeds is thin and transparent so that it may be pierced by the species of objects like Glass Secondly They differ in this For the most part in a Suffusion the Sight is not equally hindered in all parts of the Pupilla but the objects somtimes are seen better when they are direct before the Eye somtimes when they are opposite to the corner of the Eye because the humor is thicker or thinner in one part of the Pupilla than the other
of the Eyes such as are prescribed in Gutta serena to which you may ad a washing of the Eyes which must be done every day thus In the morning first chew sweet Fennel seeds some space of time then fill the mouth with Wine and after it is warm in the mouth wash the Eyes therewith till they begin to smart which wil cease when you leave washing Moreover Spectacles are very good to preserve sight which do make the Objects neither bigger nor less than they naturally are And it is profitable to refresh the sight with green or sky coloured Spectales And Lastly You must avoid al things which hurt the sight and use those things which help it as is declared in the Diet for the Cure of Gutta serena CHAP. V. Of the Enlarging or Dilatation of the Pupilla THe Tunicle called Vvea out of Galen 1. de sympt caus cap. 2. is obnoxious to divers diseases and especially to Ruption Distortion Dilatation and Constriction A Ruption may come both of an external Cause as stroak or contusion and of an inward when much humor distendeth and breaketh the Tunicle But this being incurable concerneth not us A Distortion of the Vvea cannot be but in the first constitution of it because it adhaereth to the Cornea Therefore Galen in the place quoted doth only reckon it among the different symptomes of the Vvea and doth not stand to explain it because it is of no concernment in the practice of Physick We therefore omitting the first two differences wil only insist upon the explaining of the Dilatation and constriction of the Pupilla The Dilatation of the Pupilla which is a hole in the Uvea Tunicle by which the Species of Objects pass into the Eye is called in Greek Mydryasis this hurts the sight because too much light goeth into the Eye hence it is that they which have this disease see better in a darkish place than in a light Which appears by Natural and ordinary change in the Pupilla in bright and obscure places for when the Sight is exercised in a cleer light place the Pupilla is contracted that the light may go less into the Eye and not hurt it with too much by dissipating and dispersing the Spirits and hence it is that they which go out of a very light place into a dark see almost nothing at their first entry because the Pupilla being formerly contracted doth not in an obscure place receive light enough to make a perfect Sight After when they have continued a while in an obscure place the Pupilla is by degrees dilated to receive more light for the cleering of Sight and then those things which at first entrance were not seen are cleerly perceived On the contrary they which go out of a dark into a very light place cannot at first endure the light and their Eyes are much dazled because the Pupilla being much dilated before in the dark place for to get light enough into the Eye when it comes suddenly thus enlarged into a great light too much light gets into the Eye and so makes it dazle and disturbs the Sight Whence it appears that light necessary to sight ought to pass into the Eye in a moderate quantity and for the receiving thereof it is necessary that the Pupilla be moderately large Now the Preternatural Dilation of the Pupilla is either in the first original which is not to be tampered with or comes of Preternatural causes which are internal or external The nearest and immediate of the internal causes is the stretching of the Vvea which comes either of driness or repletion Driness doth stretch the Vvea and makes the form of the Pupilla larger as when leather pierced through when it is dried hath the hole larger And this dry distemper comes from long watching Feavers and other drying causes The repletion of the Vvea when it distendeth it on every side makes the Pupilla larger and this is produced either of vapors and wind sent into the Eye or of humors flowing thither or from the extraordinary encrease of the watery humor of the Eye or lastly from the swelling of the Tunicle Uvea it self To these Causes we may ad the Convulsion of the Uvea which appeareth chiefly in Epileptical fits for then all the Nervous and Membranous parts are distended and so is also the Uvea and this appears chiefly most manifest in Epileptick Children in whom the dilation of the Pupilla is so great that it is over all the Circle called Iris and therefore the sight is abolished The internal Causes are a stroak or a fall or a retention of the Spirits as in Women in Child-birth and Trumpeters A stroak or fall make a defluxion to the Eyes hence comes extending of the Pupilla retention of Spirits makes wind and humors from whence comes distention The knowledg of this Disease is not difficult because it may be seen with your Eyes especially if the Physitian knew before it became infirm how large naturally the Pupilla was as also if there be a hinderance of the sight by reason of the over largeness of it Moreover The natural largeness of the Pupilla is known by this If when you shut one Eye the Pupilla of the other is larger which will not be in a Preternatural dilatation because then the Uvea cannot be further extended Lastly If this dilâ—aation of the Pupilla be only in one Eye it is Preternatural and signifieth one Eye only is affected As to the Prognostick The Dilatation of the Pupilla from the original so is incurable but that which cometh after is hardly cured especially that which comes of driness but that which comes of other â—inuance is curable because yong diseases of the Eyes according to Galens Doctrine may be cured out old may not but with very much difficulty be cured The Cure is to be varied according to the variety of the Cause and if it come from driness which can scarce come from an internal cause but also the whol Body must be so afflicted therefore we must refresh the whol body with moist Remedies and nourishments and such as are restaurative such we use in Hectick Feavers but more peculiarly the Body is to be moistened with a bath of warm water and new milk which also must be often put into the Eyes especially womans Milk If it comes from a humor which filleth the Eye because it floweth from the Head you must purge the Head and the whol Body also and then you must discuss the humor that is fixed in the Eye Which when they may be sufficiently performed by the Remedies propounded for the cure of a Cataract or Suffusion we shall not in vain repeat them here but send you to the asoresaid Trearite for them where you shall find all things necessary for the discussing and dissipating humors contained in the Eyes Yet you may after use some astringents which may make the Pupilla which is too much enlarged more narrow for this end you may
except the speakers whoop and hallow in their Ears Both these Diseases come from the distemper of the Brain or Ears A cold distemper of the Brain or repletion or weakness or some other hurt in that part especially in which is the rise and progress of the Hearing Nerve may cause Deafness or thick Hearing The Diseases of the Ears are either in the inside or the outside thereof In the exterior Cavity a perfect or an imperfect stoppace from a Tumor Imposthume or Blood Matter Flegm and other things coming either from within or without may cause a defect in the hearing But you must observe that the stoppage of the external passage cannot make a perfect and absolute Deafness but only thick hearing because sounds may be carried by the mouth also to the Ears For there is an open way from the internal Cavity of the Ear to the Pallat by which sounds do easily pass and insinuate themselves into the Ears and this passage is made for the purging of the Ears And many Experiments do shew that a sound may pass through the open mouth to the Ears We may observe that they who are very thick of hearing wil open their mouths that they may better hear those that speak unto them And if you stop both Ears close and strike a Musick Instrument with a stick held in your Teeth you wil hear the sound better And when you travel in the night you wil better hear any man coming afar off if you put one end of your Sword or Staff between your Teeth and fasten the other end upon the ground The Humors which are gathered into the internal Cavity of the Ear and especially such as flow from the Head do cause deafness or thick hearing in the inner part of the Ear and these are for the most part flegmy and somtimes chollerick as appears Aph. 28. Sect. 4. where Hippocrates saith that chollerick Evacuations are good for deaf men somtimes bloody are good for it is manifest that the deafness accompanied with the Crisis comes from the flux of blood to the Ears Now the Humors are somtimes sent from the whol Body to the Ears as in continual Feavers and especially those that are malignant The ill composition of the Instruments of Hearing produceth the same effect as when the Tympany or Drum groweth too loose by a violent noise or over moistness and for this reason deaf people are more thick of hearing in Southernly weather because the Membrane is relaxed by the moistness of the Air or when the Tympany is over stretched or dried after a violent disease long watching or fasting or when it is broken by violent motions or eaten by a corroding humor Somtimes blood cometh forth after a great hurt and matter without hinderance to the Hearing because the passage is between the bone and the Membrane Or when any parts of the Ear either originally or by some outward cause as stroak fall or the like are put out of their Natural order Moreover a cold distemper useth to produce this disease coming either from the cold Air or very cold Water powred in or over much use of stupefactive Medicines called Narcoticks 'T is very hard to distinguish al these causes by their proper Signs but by Art and conjecture thus If Deafness come from the distemper of the Brain either other Sences suffer or there appeared some peculiar Dileases in the Head as head-ach drouziness Apoplexy Lethargy and the like The stoppage of the External Cavity of the Ears is discernable by the Eyes if you look upon them in the Sun for then it wil appear whether it be a tumor or thick matter or any other heterogeneal substance of another Nature which filleth the Cavity As also the Patient will tell you if any thing fell into his Ears But if the internal Cavity be filled with a humor we may conceive it to be flegm if the Patient were formerly subject unto defluxions of that sort But that this comes from Choller is known by some Chollerick Feaver that went before or now possesseth him or by some violent pain But when it comes from blood there is a heavy pain and abundance of blood in the whol Body and this happeneth often in critical disturbances The loosness and moistness of the Tympane is known by the causes preceding which were moist and distempered some other part for it can scarce be that moist causes should only affect that part and no other You may also know the distention and driness of the Tympane by the driness of the whol Body and by the drying causes aforegoing And for the breaking or corroding of the Tympane you may know that if there were formerly any vehement Causes that could break or gnaw the same You must make your Prognostick thus Deafness by Birth and of long continuance if it be absolute and total is incurable and that which is not absolute if it be old is never or hardly cured A Deafnels from Choller or Blood which hapneth only in sharp continuing Feavers useth to be cured with these Feavers Thick Hearing if it be not speedily cured endeth in perfect Deafness witness Galen 3. de comp med sec loc cap. 3. The Membrane of the Tympane being broken or a scar left thereon makes an incurable Deafness A Deafness encreasing and decreasing by degrees is curable for it signisieth that it comes from a movable humor which somtimes is more somtime less in quantity A Deafness coming from distemper of the Brain is more easily cured than that which comes from a proper disease of the Ear. As to the Cure That Deafness which depends upon any Disease of the Brain requireth no other Cure than that which belongs to such diseases which you may find in their several Chapters That which comes from a Tumor if it be hard and old admitteth no Cure but if it be hot you may find the Cure for it in the Chapter of pain in the Ears But if it come from matter gathered in the Ear you may find the Cure in the last Chapter of this Treatise where we shal speak of those things which preternaturally come forth of the Ear. If this Disease comes of Driness it must be cured by the way of Rhasis that is by moistning things long sleep and washing of the Head with warm water as also putting of moist things into the Ear as Oyl of sweet Almonds and the like If Deafness or thick Hearing come from any thing that is fallen into the Ear that must be taken away with washing shaking or extraction or if any Vermine are gâ—t into the Cavity of the Ear they must either be taken forth or killed there they are washed forth by making the part moist and slippery and enlarging it with either Milk the Oyl of sweet Almonds or some mollifying or relaxing Decoction they are shaken forth by neesing for so by the force of the air the parts being moved that which lieth in the passage of the Ear is excluded and the sooner
each one ounce Mixthem and put them hot into the Ears Or Take of the Oyl of white Lillies and Castor of each one ounce the Oyl of Dill half an ounce white Hellebore half a dram Aqua vitae one ounce Boyl them in Balneo Mariae till the Aqua vitae be consumed strain them for the use aforesaid Or Take of Cypress Roots Bay-berries Annis and Cummin seed poudered of each one dram Pouder of Castor half a dram Oyl of Rue as much as will be sufficient Mix them and put them into a great hellow Onion roast it and strain out the Liquor to be dropped into the Ears Chymical Oyls work most powerfully as Oly of Rosemary Marjoram Sage Fennel Spike Cloves which are too strong to be used alone therefore you must mix a very smal quantity of any of them with the Medicines mentioned thus Take of the Oyls aforesaid two ounces Oyl of Spike Fennel Cloves or the like half a dram oâ— a dram Mix them There are also some Waters which if dropped into the Ears do much good Some Authors commend the Water of an Ash which is made by putting one end of a green Ash into the fire and taking the water out of the other end this is best when deafness cometh of a hot cause and you fear to use hot Medicines But if not then you may mix as much Aqua vitae therewith Mathiolus mixeth this Water with Juyces and commends it highly in these words We know that the Water which â—â—mes out of Ash when it is burnt mixed with the Juyce of Sowbread Squils and Rue in equal â—â—rts warmed together to be excellent against Deafness if it be dropped into the sound Ear when the Patient goeth to bed and lieth upon that Ear which is Deaf but when both Ears are deaf then into that which is least affected The Spirit of Wine wherein white Hellebore hath been infused being dropped into the deaf Ear is very efficacious Others commend the clarified juyce of Ivy mixed with strong white Wine The Galls of Beasts as of Hairs Goats Partridges are much commended if they be used fresh with an equal portion of Honey and warmed in the shell of an Onion The fat dripping of an Eel is much used Put a great Eel upon a Spit and take the dripping upon Bay Leaves and drop it warm into the Ears Zechius commends Ants Egs in these words Ants Egs mixed with the Juyce of an Onion and dropped into the Ear do cure the oldest Deafness The Blood of a yong Wolf dropped hot into the Ears doth the same Lastly If the Disease be so stubborn that it will not yield to the Medicines prescribed it will not be amiss to use the last Remedy which is prescribed by Fonseca consult 58. tom 2. namely an Unction with Quick-silver because when Deafness cometh of the French Pox it is so cured and it may be when it comes otherwise and the reason is because Quick-silver doth dissolve and discuss â—ard tumors when they are gathered upon any part and therefore when flegm is gathered in the Ears which no other means can dissolve Quick-silver may dissolve it But this Remedy must not be tried but in a desperate condition for it is doubtful what the event wil be and the Unction with Quicksilver doth much weaken the Brain and cause defluxions So that some who have been cured of the Pox by Quick-silver have after fallen deaf by defluxions although somtimes as I said deafness coming of the French Pox is cured thereby and Quick-silver rightly used after due Purgation doth â—o hurt to the Brain This you must alwaies observe in the use of Topicks That you never put cold things but warm into â—he Ears and you must not dress them till the old Medicine be taken out And after dressing you must â—top the Ear with Cotton Muskified for that only conduceth much to the Cure as Forestus saith Obs 15. lib. 12. in these words A woman of Delf after a long disease fell deaf which after sufficient â—urging abstained from Physick at length she was perswaded by an old woman to put a grain or â—wo of Musk into her Ears with a little Cotton and so doing she was wonderfully cured I have â—ured many the same way whose Ears have run Chap. 2. Of Noise in the Ears THe sence of Hearing is hindered by noise in the Ears for as the Eyes must be void of all colors that they may truly perceive the colors of all Objects and when they have a preternatural coâ—or as in the Jaundice the sight is depraved so the Ears must have no sound in themselves that they â—ay more distinctly receive al other sounds and if there be any noise in them the Hearing is depraâ—ed This is called in Greek Paracousis in Latin Obauditio vulgarly a noise in the Ears This comes from a preternatural motion of the Air which is naturally contained in the Ears for â—s Aristotle saith Though the natural Air in the Ear do move yet the noise is not heard except you â—top the Ears with the hollow of your hand or the like for then the hearing is more inward when â—he outward air is kept out This is seen by Experience when one stoppeth his Ears and holds the â—andle of an Instrument in his teeth the sound wil be four times greater than when his Ears are open â—or it passeth through the moutth there is a Natural Motion of air in the Ear by the Spiritus Acouâ—â—ico continually working But if it be too violently moved then there is a preternatural noise in â—he Ear which hindereth the hearing The Causes are many of this preternatural Motion but chiefly a vapor or wind sent from other â—arts into the Ear or bred there either coming from the whol body or from some peculiar part In Feavers it comes from the whol body whence Hippocrates saith in Coacis A noise in the â—ead coming in an acute Disease is deadly for it cometh of wind sent by the Arteries from the whol â—ody into the Ears it useth to come chiefly in the beginning of a fit and before bleeding Wind is â—lso sent to the Ear from a peculiar part namely the Stomach Liver Spleen Midriff Womb and â—he like whence it comes to pass that in great Vomitings in Hypochondriack Melancholly and â—â—ts of the Mother there is for the most part a noise in the Ears Often there is a wind sent from the â—ead coming of a cold flegm through want of heat to the Ears by the Veins and Arteries and the â—erves of the fifth Conjugation by which passages also vapors come from the inferior parts Wind is bred in the Ear also of flegm contained therein whence it comes to pass that thick Hearing is alwaies accompanied with a noise in the head For by the humor there is a stoppage from whence comes deafness and from the wind that proceeds from that humor comes the none There are other causes of this noise as a great stroak upon the head a
a hot Catarrh If from a cold Cause you must take that course which is prescribed in the Cure of the cold distemper of the Brain but you must strengthen the Teeth with the Medicines in the Chapter following Chap. 2. Of the blackness and rottenness of the Teeth MAny times the Teeth do contract a black livid or yellow color from the evil Humors cleaving unto them which by long continuance do also corrode them and make them rotten and these Diseases come from filthy vapors that fly upwards and are engendered of evil nourishment or from the distemper of the stomach which corrupteth good nourishment Quick-silver doth black the Teeth whether it be used to the whol Body as in the Pox or only to the Face Hence it is that women which use Mercury to make them fair have black and ill color'd Teeth For the Cure you must first remove the antecedent Cause and if it comes from evil humors in the stomach they must be discharged and the distemper of the parts which produce them must be corrected and a good diet prescribed and those things forbidden which do corrupt the teeth especially sweet things Infinite Medicines are prescribed by Authors for making teeth white which may be experienced We are contented with one which presently makes them white clenseth them and keeps them from rotting namely the spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol in which you must dip a little stick and rub the teeth with the end thereof and then wipe them with a clout In a great foulness you may use the Oyls by themselves otherwise you must mix them with Honey of Roses or fair Water lest by the often use of them the Gums should be corroded Montanus consil 113. reports that he learned that at Rome of a Woman called Greek Mary to whom when he came when he was yong and she twenty yeers old and after when she was fifty he found her almost in the same condition and she confessed that her Beauty and strength was preserved by the Spirit of Vitriol and that her Teeth which were very bad in her youth were by that made very fair and firm and also her Gums and also that she perceived her self by the use thereof to seem more youthful and she used every day one drop or two to rub gently her Teeth and Gums The Ashes of Tobacco is very good also to clense and make white the Teeth For prevention and to preserve the Teeth first clense them with a Tooth-picker made of Mastich Wood or the like then wash the mouth with Wine and rub the Teeth with this Pouder Take of the Roots of Snakeweed Allum and white Coral of each one ounce Make a Pouder to rub the Teeth Or wash them with this Water Take of the fine Pouder of burnt Allum two drams whol Cinnamon half a dram Spring and Rose Water of each four ounces boyl them in a Glass upon hot Embers to the consuming of the third part Wash the Teeth therewith every morning with a cloth dipped therein Chap. 3. Of the Erosion or eating away and of the Exulceration of the Gums THe Gums are eaten away and exulcerated by sharp corroding humors which come unto them The parts from whence they come are the Brain Stomach Spleen and others Men that have Diseases in the Spleen are most subject to Ulcers in the Gums as in the Scurvy somtimes the erosion of the Gums comes from worms or the corrupt humors which cause worms so that it is a plain sign of worms when it continueth long So saith Fabricius Hildanus Obs 59. Centur. 1. the Son of a Citizen of Dusseldorp was long troubled with erosion of the Gums and died after the use of many internal Medicines and Topicks when he was opened we found abundance of worms which had eaten through his Guts and many in his Stomach The Cure is first to be directed to the antecedent cause and the vicious humors are to be evacuated by blood-letting and purging the sharp and hot humors are to be tempered with Apozemes Juleps and Physical Broths and the like The flux of the same is to be diverted by Cupping-glasses and Cauteries fitly applied And lastly the faults of the parts affected are to be corrected Afterwards you must use Topicks which are to be altered according to the greatness of the disease so that to a simple Erosion you must apply only those which astringe and dry as this Water following Take of unripe Galls Acorn Cups and Flowers of Pomegranates of each one ounce red Roses one pugil Allum three drams boyl them in two parts of Forge-water and one part of old red Wine and wash the Gums often therewith If the Erosion be not taken away with that use this Opiate Take of Dragons blood three drams Lignum Aloes red Roses Spodium and burnt Harts-horn and Cypress nuts of each one dram Mirrh and Tobacco Ashes of each three scruples Allum one dram Make them into Pouder and mix them with Honey and a few drops of Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur Make an Opiate which must be spread upon linnen cloth and laid to the Gums at night The Spirit of Vitriol and Sulphur as they clense and whiten the Teeth so they take away the rottenness of the Gums either alone or mixed with Honey of Roses or Water as in the former Chapter If the Ulcer be deep and foul anoint with this Take of choyce Mirrh and Sugar-candy of each equal parts pouder them and fill the white of an hard Egg cut in the midst therewith then tie it with a thrid and hang it in a Wine-Celler with a glass under it and there will come forth a Liquor or Balsom with which anoint often But if by the use of the aforesaid the disease be not cured if the Tooth neer the Ulcer be rotten you must pull it out and then it will be presently cured otherwise never Chap. 4. Of bleeding at the Gums SOmtimes abundance of blood flows from the Gums either Critically or Symptomatically although the former be very seldom yet it is somtimes so we may see by Experience and by reading So saith Dodonaeus Obs 14. A certain Quarrier having the smal Pox had a flux of blood from his Gums and being stopt it made the Urine bloody which being stopt it returned again to the Gums and there continued till he recovered of the smal Pox. Amatus Lucitanus Curat 5. Centur. 5. saies that some have had benefit by bleeding at the Gums and have been worse when it was stopped Also Zacutus Lucitanus obs 86. lib. 1. Praxis admir speaks of a Goldsmith who when he fell into a Feaver by laboring at the Furnace being of a strong constitution lost much blood by opening a Vein and amended so that the seventh day having had an itching of his Gums and a pain in the lower Lip the blood gushed from the Veins of his lower Gums for three daies in such a quantity that he lost above five pints more and the more he bled the more
his Feaver abated and when it was gone the blood stopped The Gums bleed Symptomatically when the blood is sharp and the Liver or Spleen distempered So that in the Scurvy this flux is ordinary Somtimes after a Tooth is drawn there is so great a flux of blood by reason the Artery is torn which is the root of the Tooth that somtimes men have died thereof The Cure of a Symptomatical flux is by bleeding and purging and other Remedies for the bowels As also by Topicks astringing made into Gargarisms Pouders Liniments or Opiates If it come from a Tooth drawn you must first let blood and Cup to make revulsion and apply astringents to the part as a Cataplasm of Bole-Armenick Terra Sigillata Sanguis Draconis and the like astringents made up with the white of an Egg. Also Time alone with the white of an Egg is good But if they do not suffice you must lay the Patients finger upon the part and let him hold it there till the blood congeal above the orifice of the Artery If it cannot be stopt with sleight things use stronger Valeriola obs 3. lib. 5. reports that an old woman who had a Tooth taken forth with the singers only had a violent bleeding upon it from the Artery under the Gum which he stopt with burnt Vitriol when other things failed which is excellent both for astringency and burning Zacutus Lucitanus obs 84. lib. 1. Prax. Med. admir relates a History of one who having a grievous Tooth that ached drew it violently forth and after had a great flux of blood from the Artery torn which when it could not be stopped by Blood-letting Cupping and Astringents nor by laying on the finger nor by burnt Vitriol at last by his advice the place was filled with Gum Arabick which stopt it in three hours space for it hath power to stop cool glutinate and dry The same Zacutus Obs 85. of the same Book reports of a certain strong Soldier who after great pain drew a Tooth violently and bled much from the Artery under the Tooth for two daies the best Physitians use al Astringents to the part with Revulsives and burn the Artery with a hot iron but al in vain for he bled stil even unto death Zacutus being called applied the Plaister of Galen made of Frankinsence Aloes the hairs of an Hare poudered and mixed with the white of an Egg by which in a few hours the blood stopt and the Patient recovered Galen boasteth that he invented this precious Medicine lib. 5. meth cap. 7. and stopped the Artery in the Elbow And cap. 4. of the same Book and in his Book of Curing by Blood-letting Chapter the last he confirmeth the Excellency thereof by many stories Chap. 5. Of the Vcers of the Mouth and Jaws THe smal and superficial Ulcers of the Mouth are usually Aphthae or Trush although in Galen and Hippocrates it is somtimes used for Ulcers in other parts but they which are deeper are absolutely called the Ulcers of the Mouth and Jaws Such as are in the French Pox. These Ulcers breed of sharp Humors or Vapors coming from divers parts into the Jaws so in malignant Feavers they often happen or to those that have hot Livers or foul Bodies So the Children have the Trush as Hipp. aph 24. sect 3. either from the sharpness of the Milk which Ulcerates those tender parts in its passage as Galen teacheth in his Comment upon the same Aphorism or from the corruption of the milk in the Stomach by which sharp vapors are sent to the mouth as Galen affirms 9. de compos med sec loc cap. ultimo Now these Ulcers are divers as some are slighter some more dangerous some are in Children some in Men some are joyned with Inflamation some are without these divers degrees are according to the variety of the Humors of which they come For they proceed either of Blood Choller Flegm or Melancholly or Choller Adust which hath not only a burning but often a malignant quality and begets evil conditioned Ulcers These Differences are known by their proper signs for if the Ulcers be Redish they come of Blood if Yellow of Choller if White of Flegm if Livid or Blew from Melancholly if they stink they are foul As for the Prognostick Aphthae or Truth is easily Cured but deep Ulcers and putrid called in Greek Nomai are hardly Cured And in Children they are more dangerous by reason of their tender flesh which they sooner devour As also because strong Medicines cannot be applied unto them hence somtimes Children die of them when they are Malignant and putrid Also in respect or the Cause those Ulcers which come of Flegm are least dangerous those that come of Blood or Choller more and those that come of Melancholly most of al. Black and Crusty Ulcers are deadly especially in Children The Jaws Ulcerated in a Feaver are hard to be Cured as Hipp. teacheth 3. Prog. Because as Galen explaineth they shew the malignity of the matter The Cure is first by good Diet which Cooleth and Dryeth and hindereth the Generation of the antecedent Cause Therefore when Children have it from their Suck let the Nurse be changed or eate good Diet as also let her blend and be purged if need be especially let her eate Cool Astringent things as Quinces Pears Medlers Services Lettice and Purslain prescribe the same to men and let them avoid sharp things salt and pepper Then you must look to the antecedent Cause with Universal Evacuations according to the age And first Phlebotomy doth powerfully revel the Humors and tempereth their sharpness by Cooling the whol body After this â—up and Scarrifie put Horsleeches behind the Ears and under the Chin and apply a Vesicatory to the Neck behind The next day after you have let blood you must prescribe a Purge agreeable to the Humor offending and the age of the Patient From the beginning of the Cure use Topicks called by Galen Stomatica or Medicines for the Mouth and at first they must be mild as Gargarisms Mouth-waters made of Plantane Honey-suckle and Roses Water with Syrup of dried Roses and of Mulberies or Decoctions of Plantane Bramble Leaves Knot-grass Pomegranat Flowers Red Saunders and the like with Syrup afore mentioned And if there be Inflamation you may do wel if you ad the Juyce of Nightshade Housleek and Purslain with as much Sal Pruneilae as wil not make it too sharp Or a little crude Allum If there be no Inflamation the Chief only Remedy is Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur which may be used alone to Men upon a little lint at the end of a stick gently touching the part by which it wil be presently Cured if it be a simple Aphtha But to Children you must mix the Spirit aforesaid with Honey of Roses so that it may be but a little sharp and with a little Lint at the end of a Probe often apply it and they wil be quickly Cured If the Ulcers are very painful and
Operation nor any other in his time But he confesseth it may be used so that the Lungs and rough Artery be not full of filth and he sheweth the manner of it in its proper Chapter most exactly from whence any one may take it The End of the Sixth Book THE SEVENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Breast The PREFACE BY this name Thorax or Breast we mean those parts only which serve for breathing for although the Heart be contained in the Thorax yet the Diseases therof shall be set down in a Book by themselves But in this we will only speak of those which hinder breathing and hurt the part of Respiration as Astbma Pleuresie Peripneumonia or Inflamation of the Lungs Empyema and Phtysis and we have ordained proper Chapters for each of them Chap. 1. Of Asthma or Difficulty of Breathing THe Breath is hindered by divers Causes either by sympathy or propriety of part The hinderance of breathing by propriety called Idiopathica comes from the Lungs distempered and therefore every Disease of the Lungs hurts their action which Diseases are either in the substance of the Lungs or in the Vessels thereof In the substance of the Lungs come inflamations pimples imposthumes ulcers and somtimes a drying and atrophy of the part somtimes a serous watery humor is suckt into the spungy substance of the Lungs and hinders their free dilatation somtimes though seldom there is a schirrus a stone or hard swelling in them In the Vessels of the Lungs there are often obstructions which hindering the free passage of the Air cause difficulty of breathing Breathing is hindered by sympathy or consent from other parts which are not only neer but remote so the Membrane that goeth about the ribs being inflamed or the Diaphragma or Mediastinum the breath is hindered So by custom there is a great and often breathing when the heart is inflamed as in Feavers and on the contrary when the Heart is cold as in dying men it is diminished and ceaseth the same happeneth in swouning or syncope when the action of the Heart and consequently Respiration ceaseth So in the Empyema or Dropsie of the Breast when matter or water is collected in the Cavity of the Thorax the Dilatation of the Lights and Respiration is also hindered So the Muscles of Breathing being hurt hinder Respiration as in wounds and tumors of them especially in an Apoplexy when the influence of the Animal Spirits is kept from them Moreover The Inflamation of the Muscles of the Larynx makes difficulty of breathing in a Squinzy So also the Diseases of the Hypochondria do hinder Respiration by consent as tumors of the Liver Spleen Sweetbread or Pancreas do by their weight draw down the Diaphragma to which they are joyned and so hinder the motion of it Also vapors and wind sent from those parts compress the Diaphragma and hinder its action from whence comes a flatulent Asthma The same happeneth by the abundance of wind or water contained in the belly of an Hydropical man and compressing the Diaphragma Lastly Vapors coming from the Mother hinder Respiration from whence this disease is called Suffocatio Hysterica Among the aforesaid hinderances of Respiration the Asthma is handled by it self because the other depend upon other Diseases they shall be mentioned in their places Although Asthma used generally comprehendeth in a large signification all kinds of difficulty of breathing yet it signifies more specially that shortness of breathing which comes from the stuffing of the Lungs and the obstruction of the Bronchion or Gristles of the Wind-pipe which of its self essentially is without a Feaver although somtimes it be joyned therewith And again it is subdivided into three other kinds as first Dyspnoea the second called also Asthma the third Orthopnoea Dyspnoea is a difficulty of breathing in which the breath is drawn oftener and thicker from the stuffing of the Lungs This is less than Asthma or Orthopnoea because the matter obstructing is less and it rather stops the substance of the Lungs than Gristles or Bronchia hence it is that there is no snorting at all which comes from the commotion of the humors contained in the Bronchia with the Air continually passing through Asthma is a great and often breathing in which the Diaphragma the Intercostal Muscles between the Ribs and of the Abdomen are violently moved joyned with snorting and wheesing For in a true Asthma properly so called the Btonchia of the Lungs are filled with flegm which as is said being moved by the Air make that noise Orthopnoea is a great difficulty of breathing in which the Patient cannot breath but sitting and with the neck extended upright and the aforesaid Muscles are not only moved vehemently but also those of the Breast and Shoulders The names Dyspnoea and Orthopnoea as we said of Asthma are used commonly for all difficulties of breathing which happen in Pleuresies or Inflamation of the Lungs or the like The same may be said of Apnaea which doth not only signifie a depravation of breathing as the former but also a diminishing or abolishing thereof and this happeneth in syncope Hysterical Passions and strong Apoplexies The humor which causeth an Asthma is for the most part flegm which falls from the Head into the Lungs and obstructs the Bronchia or Wind-pipe Somtimes it comes from crude and serous humors brought by Arteria Venosa into the Lungs and if these flow to the Bronchia they produce a true Asthma with snorting but if to the substance of the Lungs or smooth Arteries they cause a bastard Asthma without snorting This kind of Asthma which is unknown to vulgar Physitians who will acknowledg no other cause but a defluxion from the Head is confirmed not only by not snorting but from the thick and turbulent Urine of the Patient at that time especially in the sit because some part of those thick and crude humors in the Veins is sent to the Reins and Bladder And some Asthmatical men are subject to stoppage of Urine and when they are so they are free from it But when the fit of the Asthma comes the difficulty of Urine ceaseth because the matter of the disease contained in the Veins goes from one place to another We have also seen some subject to a flux in the Belly who while they were so were free from the Asthma but when that stopped the Asthma returned Moreover this kind of Asthma which is without snorting is so directly opposite to bleeding that when a Vein is opened in the fit as soon as it bleedeth the Patient begins presently to breath better and in the end or after a little space they are cured of their fit And finally these kind of Asthmatical men are for the most part of an ill habit of body and have an oedematous humor in their feet which sheweth that the cause of the Asthma at that time came from the Liver and is contained in the Veins so that somtimes a Dropsie
still the pain and weight in the side is most dangerous For it signifieth a very crude disease which will either shortly kill or be long in cure If the spitting begin with the first or within three daies it signifieth the disease will be short but if it begin late it will be long Hipp. Aph. 1. Sect. 5. Yellow Choller mixed with flegm or a little blood appearing in the beginning of the disease with much spittle is a sign of recovery Very bloody spittle is dangerous for it signifieth a ruption either of a Vein or of the flesh from whence we expect suppuration For it is thought that little blood doth breath through White glutinating and round spittle is evil for the clamminess comes from the siery heat which burneâ—h the matter Green and rustick spittle is evil but black worst of all For it signifies the greatest adustion or extinction of the Natural heat A plentiful spitting which doth not abate the pain and other symptomes is evil For it signifieth great plenty of matter A Pleurisie in old men women with child and in them that are Asthmatical or have twice or thrice had the same disease is dangerous Whosoever hath the disease in the side called Pleurisie and are not clensed of it in fourteen daies have an Empyema or collection of matter Aph. 8. Sect. 5. Others do extend it to the twentieth day A Diarrhoea or loosness coming upon a Pleurisie or Peripneumonia is evil Aph 16. Sect. 6. which we must understand of a Pleurisie in which there is so great an inflamation that the Liver and Stomach consent therewith or when the strength is so gone by the disease that the retentive faculty is almost spent But if the Pleurisie be not so great and be in a body full of evil humors the flux of the belly useth then to be healthful especially if any signs of concoction went before A Chollerick and plentiful vomiting in the beginning of a Pleurisie signifieth health to come For Nature being eased by that evacuation of Choller doth more easily overcome the disease If a Peripneumonia comes from a Pleurisie 't is evil Aph. 11. Sect. 7. For it is the translation of the matter to a more noble part If the pain in the Pleurisie and the Chollerick spitting go away without reason the Patient falls mad Hipp. 3. Prorrhet For the Choller is carried into the Head and then the urine looks thin and white A Pleurisie which followeth an old disease or is in a body of evil habit is dangerous Thick bodies used to exercise do soonest die of Pleurisies and Peripneumonia's as Hipp. in Coac And Experience teacheth us that almost all the Diggers taken with Pleurisies do die thereof Because such strong bodies fall not sick but upon some great cause and by reason of their thickness they cannot easily sweat so that the disease cannot breath forth They who in a Pleurisie have much noise in their Breast from the spittle and their countenance dejected with yellowness in their Eyes and mists in these death is to be expected Hipp. in Coac They who in Pleurisies have Chollerick tongues at the first are judged in seven daies but they who have not much Choller upon their tongue til the third or fourth day are judged about the ninth day For the Cure of a Pleuresie first the humor causing it is to be revelled derived and discussed and if it cannot wholly be discussed it must be digested maturated and expectorated as also the Feaver which is commonly essential to a Pleurisie and not alwaies symptomatical is to be cured by proper Medicines All which may be done by the following Remedies And first you must after a Clyster if the disease be not very violent open the Basilica on the same â—â—de but if it be violent give the Clyster afterwards You must bleed every day till the pain or feaver grow less nay somtimes twice in a day if the Pleuresie be very violent Hippocrates in his 2. lib. deratione victus in acutis Text. 10. gave an excellent rule to posterity most profitable in practice That blood be let till the color of it change For if at the first or second time â—t appear crude flegmy or watery it is to be continued every day somtimes twice a day till it appear red or yellowish But if it appear red in the beginning you must bleed so often till it become livid or black for that will signifie that the last blood came from the part affected or the neighbor Veins which is altered by the part inflamed and of crude is made red or of red black or blew by adustion Although the observation of that Rule bring commonly good success yet somtimes you must not expect that change of color but desist from bleeding namely when the strength is little or the Patient is of a thin habit of body easily dissolved or the weather very hot And although blood-letting is excellent in the beginning of the Disease yet if it be omitted or done insufficiently you may open a Vein after the seventh ninth or eleventh day according to the Example of Hippocrates who in 3. Epidem opened a vein for Anaxion in the eighth day either because he was not sent for sooner or because that it was a most crude Pleurisie which will scarce concoct till the eleventh day But when he expectorateth freely then you must abstain from Phlebotomy which will stop his spitting and bring him in danger of his life But blood-letting is so necessary in the beginning of this Disease that it must never be omitted neither in old nor yong nor women with child in child-bed or having their terms unto all which Experience hath taught us that Phlebotomy is good in this Disease Yet you must observe some Rules in bleeding of women in Child-bed or having their Terms which you may find hereafter in the Fifteenth Book and the last Chapter concerning the Cure of acute Diseases in women that lie inn From the beginning of the disease twice or thrice in a day you must give cooling Juleps which restrain the heat and boyling of the humor and stop the defluxion thus made Take of Poppy Water four ounces Syrup of Violets or Poppies one ounce Sal prunella one dram Make a Julep After the first Phlebotomy let the side be anointed with this Liniment covering the part with greazy wool sewed into a linnen cloth Take of Oyl of Lillies Chamomel and sweet Almonds of each one ounce fresh Butter and Hens grease of each one ounce and an half Make a Liniment Many put Wax to these Liniments which is not good because it stoppeth the pores but the mucilaginous bodies do not because they cool and astringe In a malignant pestilential Pleurisie you may ad to your Liniments Oyl of Scorpions of Mathiolus or a little Treacle After the second bleeding you must apply this Fomenâ—ation made thus Take of Althaea roots and Lillies of each two ounces the Leaves of Mallows Violets and Pellitory of each one handful
Vein opened an hour after the blood will continue pure Hors-dung dissolved in Carduus Water and strained doth powerfully disperse the pain and the humor in the Pleurisie White Hen-dung given in a dram of the same Water doth as much These Dungs have much Volotile Salt which is very piercing and discussing You may make a Potion of them both thus Take of Hemp seed one ounce bruise them then put to them of the white Dung of a Hen and of Horse Dung of each half an ounce dissolve them in five ounces of Carduus Water strain them and drink it The Blood of a wild Goat given to ten drops with the aforesaid Water doth powerfully discuss the Pleurisie In the want thereof you may give the blood of a tame Goat But because the strength of him is little you may give thereof to the quantity of one dram You must prepare it thus Hang up the Goat by the Horns and bend his hinder Legs backward to his Horns then cut out his Stones and take the Blood in a broad Vessel dry it in the Sun in Summer or at other times upon an Oven It is far different from the Goats Blood in the Shops The Soot of a Chimney given to a dram is very good but much rather the spirit of Soot described by Hartman in his Practice of Physick In an Epidemical Pleurisie Sudoroficks are to be given such as are prescribed in malignant Feavers which also ought to be made as proper for this Disease as may be A Diarrhoea coming upon a Pleurisie is dangerous therfore you must give Syrup of Myrtles which doth stay the Diarrhoea and also expectorate and this is to be mixed with other Syrups Let me Belly and Reins be anointed with astringents as useth to be done in all Diarrhoea's Give Clysters made of Barley Water which as Galen saith doth cool and astringe if it be boyled with red Roses and also Yolks of Eggs be dissolved in it Chap. 3. Of Peripneumonia or Inflamation of the Lungs PEripneumonia hath the same essence with a Pleurisie and is distinguished only by the part affected because that is the inflamation of the Lungs and this of the Membrane that compasseth the Ribs They differ somwhat in the matter for a Pleurisie comes often of Choller but a Peripneumonia of Flegm although all humors as we said of a Pleurisie may produce this disease I mean humors which are like blood and make up the mass of it For as thick humors do hardly penetrate the thick Membrane called Pleura but thin and Chollerick easily so on the other side thick flegmatick humors do easily go to the soft and thin substance of the Lungs and stick close thereto but thin and Chollerick humors do easily pass by But this hindereth not but the Chollerick blood may somtimes cause the Inflamation of the Lungs as Hippocrates 1. de morbis describeth the Erysipelas or Chollerick tumor of the Lungs which comes from Chollerick blood thrown into the Lungs from the right Ventricle of the Heart by the Arterial Vein But an oedematous Inflamation comes from flegmatick blood falling upon the Lungs by way of defluxion from the Head But only excrementitious flegm falling as a Catarrh from the Brain can make a Peripneumonia because it putrifieth in the Lungs and attracteth blood by the mixture whereof there is an Inflamation and this often happeneth in old folk Mesue saith that this Peripneumonia comes rather of Choller because the Lungs are nourished with Chollerick blood which cometh in great plenty to them by the Arterial Vein To whom we answer that fresh thin and steeming blood made in the right Ventricle of the Heart is carried into the Lungs which by reason of its purity is easily governed by Nature and is sent by the Venal Artery to the left Ventricle of the Heart and it seldom is altered from its Natural condition which useth to make a Peripneumonia But contrarily a defluxion from the Head cutting through the large passages into the Bronchia of the Lungs if it there putrifie will draw blood unto it and make a Peripneumonia This Peripneumonia is somtimes alone without another disease somtimes it followeth other diseases as Squinzy or Pleurisie Galen in Com. 11. Sect. 7. Aphor. teacheth that a Peripneumonia doth follow a Pleurisie two waies Either when a Pleurisie is turned into a Peripneumonia or when an inflamation of the Lungs followeth a Pleurisie This transmutation is when the former disease ceaseth and the other comes but it comes upon it when it is white the former remaineth Therefore the immediate internal cause of a Peripneumonia is blood often flegmatick seldom chollerick and most seldom melanchollick Which either comes from the whol body being plethorick or cachochymical that is full or of evil habit or from some part which is replete or distempered The External Causes of Peripneumonia and Pleurisie are the same namely whatsoever defluxion can come to those parts the chief whereof are First great exercise and violent motion of the Body especially after long rest and high feeding For then the humors abounding from high diet and kept in by long rest by exercise are dispersed attenuated and heated and are after sent to the weaker parts most fit to receive them among which the Breast and Lungs are chief because by strong exercise there is caused great and often breathing and so they become wearied and the substance of the Lungs being soft and loose can easily receive the humors coming to them Secondly Among the external Causes the cold and Northernly Air is reckoned when it comes suddenly after a Southern and warm for the pores are opened by warm Air and the humors are more fluid which by the cold Air coming after are compressed and the humors sent to the weak parts Lastly From Hipp. lib. of Air Places and Waters the drinking of standing Pools and Lakes begets the Peripneumonia for saith the Divine old man we observe diseases of the Lungs to be most in Marshy Countries Also the Signs of a Peripnumonia do agree with the signs of a Pleurisie Two are the same as a sharp Feaver and a Cough which somtimes is dry somtimes moist or with more Flegmatick spittle coloured with Choller or Blood and in the progress of time the spittle becomes Mattery when the matter of the Disease grows ripe and concocted by heat which somtimes comes to pass when the substance of the Lungs is not hurt for if they ulcerate a Consumption wil sollow So we may observe That in sore Eyes that are Mattery the humors are converted into Matter when the substance of the Eye is neither suppurated nor ulcerated The other signs differ in respect of the part affected the difficulty of Breathing is greater than in a Pleurisie by reason of the narrowness of the part inflamed so that the Patient seems to be choaked and cannot breath but with the head upright For the part cannot be compressed by reason of the extention and repletion nor be more dilated
Organs or Instruments of the Spirits There are no true and proper Differences of Consumptions but such as come from the variety of their Causes Yet Hippocrates doth lay down many kinds which are worth the observing which must be reduced not to a true Consumption but to one in general which is without ulcer of the Lungs And first lib. 6. epid sect 8. text 47. he sheweth of a Consumption which came from a running of the Reins in this History A Satyre called Grypalopex being twenty five yeers old had Nocturnal Polutions and dayly loss of Seed who when he came to be thirty yeers of age fell into a Consumption and died For by the continual loss of Seed the nourishment of the body is taken away by which the solid patts are consumed and dried There is another kind in Hipp. 2. de morb called the Consumption of the back which comes from too much Lechery which destroyeth the whol habit of the Body and takes away the nourishment from the solid parts this happens to new married folks who are unsatiable and is the chiefest of the Consumptions of the back for Hippocrates laies down four kinds thereof The first is that mentioned which comes from Lechery The second is laid down lib. 2. de intern affect text 13. which comes from too much blood and nourishment going to the Spinal Marrow by which the Natural heat and all other faculties are stifled and destroyed Now Hipp. 5. epid sheweth that the body may consume by too much blood in a story concerning one who when nothing would nourish him but he still grew leaner was perfectly cured when all other Medicines failed by bleeding in both Hands as long as the Veins would discharge The third kind is in the place mentioned namely when the marrow of the back is dried by which the whol body drieth and consumeth Hippocrates mentioneth two Causes of this driness one is the obstruction of the veins which go to the back with nourishment another is the flowing of Choller from the head upon the back which Hippocrates sheweth in his Book de locis in homine The fourth is described in the same Book and it comes from a distillation upon the marrow of the back in these words Moreover when a defluxion falls upon the Back this kind of consumption cometh with pain in the Loyns and seeming emptiness to the Patient in the internal parts of the head In the same Book numb 18. he saith thus When there is a defluxion upon the Marrow there is a secret undiscernable Consumption He calls it secret because when the body decaies you cannot so easily find out the cause he calls it undiscernable because you cannot perceive the inconveniences of the defluxion at the first But it ceaseth to be secret and undiscernable if the defluxion be not only upon the marrow of the back but also upon the Os Sacrum and Hip for then the distillation is apparent and there is pain and loss of motion with dejection of mind These are more cleer in Hippocrates in his Tenth Book de glandulis in these words There is another Disease which comes from a defluxion from the Head by the Veins upon the Marrow of the Back and from thence to the Os Sacrum and Hip which is a Consumption also which destroyeth for then the Shoulders and both the feet are weak and after the leggs and they alwaies die of it though they have been formerly cured This kind of Consumption is to be observed because it often happeneth especially to such who have weak Nerves which will easily receive the desluxion To this kind you may refer that which comes of want and hunger which Galen mentioneth libde Marasmo when the Body decaies for want of nourishment Now Nourishment is wanting to the solid parts not only for want or meat which the Stomach concocteth and sends to the Liver to make blood for the whol Body but also when the Chylus which is sufficiently concocted in the stomach cannot pass through the Meseraick Veins by reason of their obstruction as it happeneth to them who have a Struma whose Mesentery for the most part is full of Glandles by which the milky Veins called Venae Lacteae are compressed from whence the whol Body grows lean and they die of a Consumption But the solid parts are deprived of their necessary nourishment when salt blood that is not sit for nourishment is gathered into the Veins which as Galen shews are incurable 5. Meth. except by Epicrasis or change of habit And finally Galen lib. de Marasmo decimo meth and in other places speaks of a Consumption from a manifest or hidden Inflamation from the syncope of the Heart or Stomach and the like which may be seen in their proper places The Diagnostick signs by which you may know a true Consumption do some of them declare a Consumption beginning or begun or confirmed which are very well set down by Hipp. 1. de morbis The signs of a Consumption at hand are in Hipp. Book mentioned Text 9. in these words There is also a Suppuration when flegm flows from the Head upon the Lungs and first for the most part it flows privately and causeth a little Cough and the spittle to be bitter and a little heat In this saying there are contained four signs of an eminent Consumption The first sign is A defluxion from the beginning closely conveighed to the Lungs because then the matter is little and because the thinner part of the humor which floweth about the rough Artery and doth not vex the Lungs which otherwise would be more disturbed in the beginning before they are weakened thence it is called a secret defluxion because there is little hurt at the first done thereby The second sign is When the Humor flowing makes but a smal Cough being at the first but little and thin The third sign is When the spittle is more bitter than usually it was because the humor that must ulcerate the Lungs must be sweet sharp or salt which qualities being altered by a preternatural heat do turn bitter for it is known that sweet and salt things overmuch boyled do grow bitter But in regard that preternatural heat is not very great at the first the spittle is but a little bitter The fourth sign is a little heat as being feaverish for when the matter is not much moved but receiveth putrifaction from the heat of the place wherein it hath been long contained the Feaver cannot be very violent for the putrid matter can many waies be refrigerated therfore it is no wonder if the Feaver be smal in the beginning To these signs of Hippocrates we may ad an evil formation of the Breast and Youth which meeting with the aforesaid signs must needs declare a consumption to be at hand The evil fashion of the Breast is when it is narrow and the Shoulder-blades stick up like wings when the fore part of the Breast is narrow and the hinder part broad for then the Breast is
pugil Liquoris scraped and Raisons stoned of each three drams Jujubes four the flowers of Bugloss and Violets of each half a pugil boyl them to three ounces In the straining dissolve Rhubarb infused in Scabious Water with yellow Sanders four scruples Manna one ounce Syrup of Roses half an ounce Make a Potion Or give two ounces of Manna with Chicken or ordinary Broth. Or make a Bolus of Cassia one ounce and one scruple of the pouder of Liquoris In the beginning you may give stronger purges for to draw down the salt and sharp Catarrh which is the chief Cause of the Ulcer such as are prescribed in a hot Catarrh Also before the body be too lean at the first you may let blood to allay the Feaver and the acrimony of the humor But in the beginning of the Cure you must stay and divert the Catarrh from the Breast otherwise all other things will be in vain And all those things which were prescribed for the Cure of a hot Catarrh are good in this case Besides a Seton to the Neck is very good And Fabricius Hildanus reports that he cured many by this way At length you must come to the Cure of the Ulcer for which give things that clense knit and expectorate Many there are of this nature But these following are the best Milk doth hit all intentions for Cure It clenseth with its serous parts it conglutinateth with its coagulating part and nourisheth and refresheth with its unctious part But there are divers kinds of Milk and Womans Milk is the best because it is more agreeable to our Natures especially if it be sucked from the breast Platerus affirms that he knew many cured by the use thereof and that one of them did not only recover but grew so strong that least his Nurse should want milk for him he got her with child again But because many will not endure that sort Asses Milk is commended which because it is very full of Whey doth easily pierce into the Veins and excellently clense the Ulcer the next to this is Goats Milk Let the Ass be fed with Plantane Vine Leaves Brambles Polyganon Grass Barley and Rye Let him drink it new milked warm therefore let the Ass be brought neer the Chamber and be milked into a warm Vessel First let him take it in a smal quantity three or four ounces that his Stomach may be used to it encreasing the quantity by degrees to eight or ten ounces or a pint and least it should grow sowr or curdle in the Stomach and that it may agree better with the Lungs put Sugar of Roses to it one ounce thereof to eight of milk let him not sleep after his Milk immediately but walk gently about the Chamber let him not eat before the Milk be concocted and he find a stomach and that it be more effectual You must not give it in a strong Feaver or when there is a pain in the Head or swelling in the Hypochondria or a Chollerick flux according to Hippocrates Aphor. 64. Sect. 5. Commonly it is taken only once in a day but it is better twice and best if the Patient live only upon it For besides that it doth work more powerfully in a great quantity there is a great profit by not mixing it with Broth and other meats for they will easily putrifie If therefore the Disease be very desperate give Milk after purging every six hours with Manus Christi of Pearl and Coral And least strength should fail let him intermix a restoring distilled Water Sugar of Roses is very profitable as also the Conserve by use whereof Avicen reports that he cured a Woman of a desperate Consumption so that she was not only sound but very fat afterwards Mesue also witnesseth that many have been recovered by the same and he directeth that the Conserve of Roses be new not above a yeer old taken in a great quantity and often with Medicines Meat and drink and also by it self at any hour But first give Clensers because it will otherwise astringe and retain the excrementitious matter in the Lungs But when breath begins to fail and the Patient cannot raise flegm let him take expectorating things as Syrup of Hysop and Coltsfoot and other Lohochs And if heat arise from drying too much give Syrup of Violets Jujubes the Mucilage of Fleabane and Quinces and the like Montanus Valeriola and Forestus say that they have seen some cured by taking Sugar of Roses in great quantities An Apothecary whom I knew in a Consumption made a great quantity of Sugar of Roses for himself and eat it constantly by which he was cured An Infusion of Yarrow Tormentil Burnet and Conserve of Roses made in Balneo Mariae is very good as it is described in the Chapter of spitting of blood if it be used twenty daies together The Decoction of Bugle in Mutton Broth doth excellent against a Consumption and inward ulcers it doth a little gently loosen the belly against the Nature of all the Consolidae Trallianus lib. 7. cap. 1. boasts that he cured many with Blood-stone The preparation and use whereof we have shewed in the Cure of spitting blood The Syrup of the Juyce of Ground Ivy is commended by Quercetan thus made Take of the Juyce of Ground Ivy two pound and an half let it be digested in Balneo Mariae To this Juyce well refined put Sugar of Roses one pound Penides four ounces Boyl them to Syrup to be taken now and then a spoonful He also addeth the flower of Brimstone to it to make it into a Lohoch of which he gives four times in a day and he boasteth that he hath therewith cured many The Syrup of the flowers of St. Johns wort made by Infusion in Balneo Mariae is very good in this Disease as also for all inward ulcers The Syrup of Comfry is excellent for it clenseth healeth and strengtheneth by astringing as also Comphry Roots boyled in Broth It is affirmed that many have been cured by this Hydromel Take of China Roots sliced six ounces Coltsfoot Roots three ounces Burdock and Avens Roots of each three ounces Elicampane Roots two ounces Lungwort Leaves and Scabious Leaves and Roots both the Veronicaes Vlmaria and Herb Two-pence of each two handfuls all the Capillar Herbs of each one handful the tops of Bugle Bettony Cowslip flowers and red Veronica of each four pugils Ground Ivy Leaves and Roots three handfuls Jujubes Dates Sebestens and Raisons stoned of each one ounce and an half Spanish Liquoris one ounce and an half Let them all being well sliced boyl in thirty two pints of spring Water till half be consumed with a little gentle fire ad to the Liquor being strained of the best Honey four pound Boyl it again and skim it then strain it through an Hippocras Bag putting thereto half an ounce of Cinnamon six drams of Coriander seeds Annis and sweet Fennel seeds of each three drams put the Liquor in a large Vessel and let it
bladder of which you may give two three or four drops in Broth or in Juleps or in this following Syrup Take of Cinnamon Water four ounces the best Rose and Orange flower Water of each six ounces Mix them and dissolve therein as much Sugar candy as you can and make it into a Syrup without fire with a spoonful whereof mix four Drops of the aforesaid Cordial Liquor Of the Ingredients remaining from the former Liquor with as much of Damask Roses and four times as much Benjamin you may make Cakes to perfume the Chamber Apply both Liquid and Solid Epithems to the Heart and yong Pidgeons slit and sprinkled with Cordial Pouders Apply to the Stomach bags of Spices dipped in Wine Let the Stones and privy Members be fomented with Confection of Alkermes dissolved in Wine Let the Arteries of the Temples Hands and Feet be touched with Confectio Alkermes adding a little Cinnamon Water Apply this following to the Nose Take of the Leaves of Balm Bazil and Marjoram of each two drams Citron peels yellow Sanders and Cloves of each one dram Saffron half a scruple Amber-greese six grains Musk four grains tie them in a clout and dip them in Rose and Cinnamon Water and smell thereto often Or make a Balsom to anoint the Nostrils with the Chymical Oyls aforesaid of Nutmeg Cinnamon and Cloves with a little Wax The End of the Eighth Book THE NINTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Stomach The PREFACE AS there are divers Actions of the Stomach so there are divers Hinderances of those Actions which Cause variety of Diseases For this part being ordained to Concoct meat and make the Chyle for the performance thereof first it is constrained to desire Meat and Drink by the Appetite which may be diminished abolished or depraved When it is abolished it is called Anorexia Apositia When 't is diminished it is called Inappetentia and Loathing But when it is depraved it is called Doggshungs or Pica or Malacia Too great desire of Drink is called Sitis Morbosa These Diseases mentioned do concern the attractive Faculty they which concern Concoction as it is diminished abollished or depraved are comprehended under the name only of Concoction hindered if the Retentive and Expulsive Faculty be hurt it consists in Vomiting and Hickocks There are divers kinds of Vomitings according to the divers Condition and nature of the Matter Vomited forth And because the Stomach is of exquisite sence of Feeling by reason of the famous Nerve it hath from the sixth Conjugation it is therefore as other sensible Parts subject to pains and it hath somtimes Tumors as other parts and Inflamations Imposthumes and Vlcers That therefore we may in this Book explain all the Ordinary Diseases of the Stomach we will Comprehend it in Eleven Chapters The First Of Inappetentia or Loathing or meat The Second Of Fames Canina or Dogs Appetite The Third Of Pica and Malacia or Green-sickness The Fourth Of Sitis Morbosa or diseased Thirst The Fifth Of Concoction hindered or hurt The Sixth Of Hickocks The Seventh Of Vomiting The Eighth Of Vomiting Blood The Ninth Of the Disease called Chollera The Tenth Of Pain in the Stomach The Eleventh Of its Inflamation Imposthume and Vcer Chap. 1. Of Want of Appetite or Loathing of Meat INappetentia and Loathing is either from the abolished or diminished Action of the stomach When it is Abolished it is called Anorexia Apositia but when it is Diminished it is called Dusorexia but by Custom Anorexia Apositia are used for both The Causes of this Disease are divers which that we may bring into Order let us consider the Natural Causes of Hunger or Appetite These are called by Galen lib. 1. de symp caus cap. 7. Symptomes and are Five The First whereof is emptiness of the parts The Second is the Natural Appetite of those parts so emptied The Third is the Sucking and Attraction of the Mesaraick Veins in the Stomach and Guts The Fourth is the sense of their sucking in the Stomach The Fifth is the Animal Appetite wch cometh from the Nerve in the mouth of the stomach which comes from the Brain and is endued with great sense and feeling As also the Melanchollick Humor which comes from the Spleen to the mouth of the stomach which with its sharpness gnaws the inmost Tunicle of the stomach and is like sawce to stir up Appetite which that it may be natural it is necessary that al those Causes be in Order for if there be any fault in either then there is a hurt or hinderance of Appetite Therefore the First Cause which is Emptiness of Parts if it be wanting there is no Attraction made by them from other parts and the stomach and so there is no Appetite now this Emptiness is wanting either when the parts are filled with plenty of crude juyces by reason of gluttony or drunkenness or for want of exercise or usual evacuations or when there is so much fat that it is sufficient to nourish the parts Also the great stoppage of the pores of the skin doth hinder the emptiness or the parts or great weakness of the natural heat so that it can disperse none or but little of the substance of the Parts or the calling of that heat to the concoction of the matter of a Disease wherby the nourishment of Parts is neglected as in Feavers The Second Cause is Natural Appetite and the Attraction of nourishment to the stomach and this is depraved when the Parts though empty wil not draw by the veins by reason they have lost their strength but languish and forget their duty As happeneth in acute malignant pestilential syntectick and hectick Feavers And in immoderate evacuations as in Flux of the Liver Womb Haemorrhoids Bleeding at the Nose Great Sweat much Lechery long Fasting and the like The Third Cause is The Attraction of the stomach by the Mesaraick Veins which useth to be depraved by stoppage of those veins by which means the empty Parts cannot attract their Chylus nor make the mouth of the stomach sensible so we may perceive in Children troubled with Struma to consume by a long Flux of Chyle by reason al the Mesentery is full of Glandles which stop its Veins and hinder the passage of the Chyle to the Liver by which means it is sent half concocted forth by siege and the Parts are deprived of their necessary nourishment The Fourth and Fifth Causes which are Sense of Sucking and Animal Appetite do require a good disposition in the Stomach brain and nerves Therefore whatsoever can alâ—er their dispositions may also destroy Appetite so every great distemper of the belly especially if it be hot and dry doth hinder Appetite Great heat by dispersing the moist substance of the stomach doth take away Appetite as also great Cold not only positive as when the bowels are so cold that they are stupified by Air Water Frost Snow and the like but also privative when
Many Practitioners do not only apply these Remedies before to the Cartilage called Xiphoides like a sword but also behind upon the thirteenth Vertebra because the proper orifice of the Stomach inclineth backward but the thickness of the Vertebra is such and of the Muscles under them that the strength of the Medicine cannot pierce through to the Stomach Take of Galangal and Calamus Aromaticus of each three drams Mastich and Cloves of each two drams one Nutmeg dried Citron peels half an ounce Annis seeds one dram and an half Make a bag of these being bruised and put into red silk pricked through and into musked Cotton to be worn alwaies upon the Stomach The Skin of a Vultur dressed and worn upon the Stomach is commended for the same in want of which a Hairs Skin or a piece of Scarlet may be used Chap. 2. Of Dogs Appetite called Fames canina HAving in the former Chapter spoken of Appetite diminished and abolished now we shall speak of it depraved And this is done two waies When it either offendeth in quantity or quality It offends in quantity when nourishment is required in a greater quantity than Nature would and this is called Boulimia or Dogs Appetite It offends in quality when things are required which are evil or are not food and this is called Pica or Kitta Of the first we shall speak in this Chapter of the last in the Chapter following The word Boulimia comes apo tou bou kai limou because the Particle Bou put to other words encrease the signification as if it were compared to the greatness of an Ox. It is also called Phagedaina which word is given to Ulcers which eat the flesh and enlarge and therefore called Vlcera Phagedaina that is spreading Ulcers Now it is called Fames Canina or Dogs Appetite because they who have it are hungry as Dogs But you may observe that these two words Boulimia and Fames Canina are somtimes confounded and used for the same thing and somtimes distinguished so that it is called Fames Canina when after much feeding they vomit like Dogs But some purge rather than vomit when Nature throweth down that which it cannot concoct In Boulimia vomit doth not follow but somtimes Lipothymia There are some who feed unsatiably and yet vomit not nor purge but concoct all and if they have not presently more are sick As Sennertus reports of a Scholler who was black colored who eat not only in the day but night and digested it without vomiting he could not be satisfied with delicate meats but required gross and therefore would eat no Bakers Bread but such as the Country people made and would eat as many raw Parsnips in a Summer morning as could be bought for six pence without damage Hence it appears that this disease is a Symptome of an action depraved in respect of quantity which action being encreased is called Dog-like or an Appetite beyond Natural Measure The part affected is chiefly the mouth of the Stomach The cause containing is sence of sucking and vehement pulling which stirs up the Appetite Galen 2. de symp caus cap. 7. reduceth the immediate causes of this Disease to two Heads in these words Evil Appetites exceeding in quantity which are called by some Caninae are then when either some evil sharp Juyce biteth the Stomach or when the whol Body immoderately concocting wants nourishment for evil Juyce which is cold biteth like the Natural sucking and produceth appetite by the resemblance of Nature The immediate cause of a preternatural Appetite according to Galen is first a vicious humor and cold sticking to the Stomach Secondly want of Food by over much concoction Evil Humors sticking to the Stomach cause immoderate Appetite because they by their too much coldness sharpness and sowrness do constringe wrinkle and pull the mouth of the Stomach and so make a sence of feeling like a natural sucking and beget a false Appetite This Humor is either sowr flegm staying long in the Stomach or many times Melancholly sent from the Spleen into the Stomach which in a natural state and a moderate quantity and quality begets a moderate and natural Appetite but if it be preternatural and exceed it makes the Appetite too great The want of Food by reason whereof the Veins do continually suck from the Stomach either it comes from too great Evacuation by bleeding purging vomiting sweating and the like or from too great a Consumption of the alimentary substance by reason of the immoderate heat of the parts or the thinness of the humors and body and loosness of the pores watchings baths immoderate exercise much venery all which do dissolve the substance making humidity and by these emptiness being caused and want of food the meat is carried from the Stomach sooner than it ought Also this Fames Canina or Dogs Appetite may come from Worms which devour the Chylus as Trallianus reports lib. 7. cap. 4. of a Woman in this Disease which voided a worm twelve â—ubits long by the use of Hiera and was cured The Hermetical Physitians do lay down another cause of this wonderful Appetite namely a certain dissolving Spirit begot in the Body which by an inhaerent property doth so readily consume whatsoever meat is taken so that it doth not allow Nature a lawful and necessary bound of nourishment This they call a hungery devouring salt sharp vitriol Spirit For say they as from divers Salts Vitriol Niter common Salt and Salt Armoniack with the like Aqua fortis is made by Chymistry which will dissolve the hardest Stones Mettals into Liquor in a short time so that Gold which will not be dissolved in a month by a strong fire in a quarter of an hour will be dissolved in Aqua regia and be turned into a Liquor of the same color This Doctrine is diligently to be examined for as the digestion of the Stomach in its Natural condition hath somthing to be admired by the curious Searchers into Nature so the same being made preternatural hath somthing to be wondered at This is wonderful in the Natural digestion of the Belly that the hardest meats are digested therein and in three or four hours space are turned into a Chylous Liquor so thin that it may be strained through the narrowest branches of the Venae lacteae and that Dogs do turn the hardest bones into the same Liquor is not to be attributed to a stronger concocting heat because meat in a pot although the fire be never so hot cannot in twenty four hours or many daies be converted into the same The Galenists hold that this comes from the faculty of the Stomach which faculty works not without an Instrument because if there is an Idiosyncrasia or a certain proportion of the first qualities as is commonly reported its chief action must be from heat for cold moisture or driness do nothing to that great dissolving of food and heat as it is said hath not that power Therefore the Idiosyncrasia is somwhat more
be laid down in the Cure of an Hectick Feaver This following Opiate is excellent Take of Eryngus Roots candied and Conserve of Bugloss of each two ounces Conserve of Violets and Borrage flowers of each one ounce Confectio Alkermes half an ounce Diapenedion newly prepared without the Species two drams with Syrup of sweet Apples make an Opiate of which let him take the quantity of a Chesnut at the time of thirst drinking after it a little Borrage Water Chap. 5. Of the Hurt Concoction of the Stomach THe Concoction of the Stomach called Chylosis as of all other parts is hurt three waies either by diminishing abolishing or depraving This Concoction diminished is called Bradupepsia the abolished Apepsia the depraved is called Dyspepsia all which differences are comprehended in this one word Crudity Now this Crudity is two-fold either nidorous stinking and acidous or sharp The nidorous Crudity is when the nourishment is turned into a stinking burnt matter as when the stink of Eggs or rotten fish or fryed Oyl is smelt by belching which happens often in hot Chollerick Bodies But a sharp sowr Crudity is when meat turns sowr and the belchings are sowr and this comes from a cold distemper To these you may ad a third difference of Crudities when by reason of weak heat the matter is imperfectly concocted and is turned into flegm without sowrness The Causes that hinder Concoction in the Stomach may be brought into three Heads namely a fault in the Organ Object and things External and Internal The fault in the Organ comprehendeth all diseases in the Stomach whether they be Similar or Organ cal or Common all which may overthrow its actions but distemper is commonly the cause of hurt Concoction for since Concoction is made by a moderate heat according to Nature if at any time it want its due moderation the Concoction is hurt So a cold distemper of the Stomach which diminisheth the Heat if it be gentle it only weakeneth the Concoction and make a Brylypepsia or slow Concoction If the cold distemper be greater it abolisheth Concoction and makes Apepsia But a hot distemper doth deprave Concoction and make a Dyspepsia which is a difficult Concoction These distempers are somtimes simple and in such who have Naturally a weak Stomach and smal Natural heat or have a sharp and burning heat but they are commonly with matter hence in Hypochondriack Melancholly much flegm and fermentation of a black Humor use to cause Crudities Winds Swellings Rumblings and sowr Belchings The fault of the Object that is the nourishment which is the proper Object of the Stomach comes many waies when it offendeth in Substance Quantity Quality time or Order of being taken Nourishment is vitious in respect of its substance when it is too hard and difficult to be concocted as Deers flesh Hairs flesh especially if old and made hard with Salt or Smoak Bread full of Bran Mushroms Roots Pulse and the like which are called Dyspepta Meats offend in Quantity when too much is taken at once and therefore cannot be overcome by the heat hence come Crudities which are most usual among them who do surfet themselves If there be less eaten than is required it may seem to be crude because too little meat will be burnt and dryed in a Chollerick Stomach Meats offend in Quality which are too cold and moist and windy or they which are too hot whereby the thinner part of the Chyle is burnt and turned into nidorous vapors To this may be reduced the Art of Cookery and Sawce-making for the divers waies of roasting boyling and making of Sawce do alter the disposition of Meat by which means they become more easie or hard of Concoction The time and order of eating being preposterous may also spoil the Concoction as if any one should omit his usual time of eating and fall to at midnight or a little before he goes to sleep fill his Stomach or if after taking of solid and astringing things as Cheese Pears Quinces and the like they take liquid things which do soon corrupt Also external things may spoil the Concoction if they be immoderate so too cold Air by dulling the natural near if it be weak or too hot by dissipating the heat may hinder Concoction as also immoderate exercise especially after meat by drawing the natural heat forth from the Stomach to the external parts and so dispersing it extraordinarily as also by throwing the Chylus yet imperfect into the Guts The stoppage of the Belly and other excrements or an immoderate flux great watchings sleep in the day time great passions of the mind especialy sadness and deep study presently after meat and the like do not a little hinder the action of the Stomach Besides the Causes mentioned the Hermeticks of late time mention one less usual and not noted by the Ancients which also is not plainly demonstrated by them but it is confirmed by some conjectures not to be contemned of which we made mention in the explaining of the Causes of Fames Canina First therefore they ashrm that the Natural Concoction of the Stomach is not made by heat only but that quick melting of solid meats by which it is converted into Chylus is from another cause since Experience teacheth that meat boyling in a pot at a strong fire many daies will never be dissolved and bones in a Dogs Stomach are quickly dissolved and turned into Chylous Liquor and in the bellies of Fishes which have no actual heat all that is brought in is dissolved and concocted the same way Therefore they lay down the principal Cause of this dissolving to be a certain Spirit or sharp Liquor sent from the Spleen into the Stomach which hath great power to dissolve And they take this opinion from Galen by whom it is confirmed that a Melanchollick Humor sent from the Spleen into the Stomach doth cause appetite and that either by astringing or wrinkling the inner Tunicle of the Stomach or pulling of it by its sharpness which may be opposed for if it do it by astriction then all astringent things would do the same and if by pulling sharp things rather than sowr would provoke Appetite Therefore they think it more probable that that humor should stir up Appetite by accident by causing want of nourishment by dissolving of that which comes in And therefore they allow a more noble use of the Spleen than ever the Ancients thought of namely to be a chief instrument to serve the Stomach in Concoction This may be conjectured from Birds which dissolve the hardest seeds and have a Spleen round about their Stomach or Maw that it may more powerfully inspire that dissolving Spirit or communicate unto it sowr Liquor And Helmont from his own experience saith that that sowr Spirit is very strong in Birds for he relates that when he was a Boy and kept a Sparrow he gave it his Tongue which the Sparrow catching with his Bill disired to swallow and that touching the Throat of the
few Grains of the best Mastich taken in the Morning is good to stay Vomitting Three Grains also of Balsom of Peru taken in a rear Egg or in Sugar like a Pill do it better Also a Decoction of Beans or Pease after the first Water is cast away with a little Vinegar is much Commended And the Crude Juyce of Quinces taken Two or Three spoonfuls at a time doth Wonders Camphire often smelt to or taken with a little Rose Water and a little Pouder of Diaâ—oscum is good for the same The Spirit of Vitriol mixed with Plantane or Spring Water to make it sharp doth also powerfully stay Vomiting If it be very violent make the Water sharper with Spirit of Vitriol or give it in Sack or rich Wine if you want Spirit of Vitriol use the strongest Vinegar without mixture one spoonful or two at a time One Scruple of Salt of Wormwood mixed with a spoonful of the Juyce of Lemons is a most Excellent Medicine especially in those Vomitings which happen in Malignant Feavers If the Patient grow very Weak with Vomiting give him Laudanum with Conserve of Quinces or Syrup of dried Roses and then apply a Cupping Glass to the Stomach and a Cataplasm of Leaven pouder of Wormwood and Orange peels made up with juyce of Mints Apply also outwardly a Fomentation to the region of the Stomach a new Spunge dipt in Rose-water and Rose-vinegar or let the Spunge boyl in strong Vinegar and apply it hot to the Stomach Or make a Fomentation of the Decoction of the Roots of Snake-weed Plantan-leaves Purslain Mints Bramble-tops and Willow-tops and then anoint it with this Oyntment Take of Acacia Hypocistis grains of Sumach and Myrtles of each two drams Mastich and grains of Kermes of each one dram Oyl of Myrtles two ounces Wax as much as is sufficient make an Oyntment or apply this following Cataplasm Take of Quinces boyled in Rose water and Vinegar or Marmalate thereof well beaten three ounces the pouder of Mastich Grains of Kermes and Myrtle berries and Plantane-seed of each two drams with the Juyce of Mints or Quinces or Syrup of Wormwood make a Cataplasm Or Steep a Crust of Bread in Rose Vinegar and sprinkle it with this pouder following Take of red Roses and Pomegranate flowers and Coriander seeds prepared of each one dram and an half Mastich red Coral Sorrel seeds Spodium of each half a dram yellow Saunders one scruple mix them into a pouder Or Apply this following Emplaister Take of Mastich plaister one ounce the pouder of Myrtles and Bistort-Roots of each half a dram with the Oyl of Mastich make an Emplaister in the form of a Buckler If the Vomiting be very violent and bring a Feaver Symptomatical and the Body very full it is good somtimes to let blood to prevent inflamation which may bâ— in the internal parts by reason of the violent straining and this must be done warily and but a little least the strength be abated Moreover It is good to apply Cupping Glasses to the Back and Navel and to rub and bind the extream parts You may bind about the Neck Linnen Clothes dipt in Oxycrate to repel the humors putting of the hands into cold Water doth stay al kinds of vomiting And Last When other things avail not use Narcoticks which do very quickly stop al Evacuations In a Flegmatick Vomiting if it wil not be staid with the aforesaid Vomits give Pills of Hiera with Rhubarb and Agarick or other fit Purges Then come to strengtheners for the Stomach such as were prescribed for the Cure of Want of Appetite to which ad this following Take of Conserve of Roses and Comfry Roots of each one ounce confection of Hyacinth three drams the pouder of Diambra and Aromaticum Rosatum of each half a dram Troches of Spodium terra Sigillata and grana Kermes of each one scruple with syrup of Quinces make an Opiate The Spirit of Vitriol with Wormwood water or Juyce of Mints doth mightily stay Vomiting and Strengthen the Stomach Or One or two spoonfuls of Aqua Imperialis given after Vomiting if the Stomach be very Cold. Apply these things following outwardly Take of Wormwood Mints and Balm of each three handfuls boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Vinegar and Wine to the consumption of the third Part make a Fomentation for the stomach After apply the Plaister afore-mentioned or the Cataplasm of Quinces using the Pouder of Nutmegs and Cloves instead of Myrtles and Plantane Or Take of Wormwood and green Mints of each one pound a Toast dipt in Rose-water weighing half a pound the Pulp of Quinces or Marmalat of the same two ounces Mastich half an ounce Mace and Nutmegs of each two drams beat them all well together with Oyl of Quinces and make an Emplaister Or Make a Cataplasm of Quinces boyled in strong Vinegar and then beaten with a little Mustard-seed and Pouder of Cloves Or Apply a Toast dipped in strong Wine and Juyce of Mints and sprinckled with pouder of Nutmeg Cloves Frankinsence Mastich and Graines of Kermes Villanovanus much Commends sharp Leaven which he applieth to the Stomach twice or thrice being steept in strong Vinegar and juyce of Mints this doth most certainly stop Vomiting after convenient Evacuations and Revulsions In a long Vomiting where the Stomach is very Weak you must use strong Astringents made thus Take of the Roots of Snakeweed and Tormentil Pomegranate peels and flowers and Hypocistis of each two drams Leavs of Mints and dried Wormwood of each half an handful Sumach and Myrtle berries of each one dram red Roses one pugil Cinnamon Cloves and Mastich of each half an ounce green Galls and Cypress Nuts of each two drams boyl them in Iron water and Red Wine in which dissolve a little Musk for sweet things do much asswage Vomiting of which let the Patient take two ounces every morning and Foment his stomach with the same After the Fomentation apply some Plaister or Cataplasm made as aforesaid Chap. 8. Of Vomiting Blood THis Disease is a casting forth of Blood from the Stomach by the Mouth And as al other Bleeding it comes from the Veins either by Anastomosis or opening of them by Diapedesis or Rarefaction by Rixis breaking or by Diabrosis corroding which Diseases of the Veins were shewed in the Cure of Spetting of Blood called Haemoptysis The Causes also are the same And First the Conjunct Cause Excess of Blood in quantity or quality Blood offending in Quantity wil break or open the mouths of the Veins and so comes Rixis or Anastomosis which happeneth in ful bodies If it offend in Quality as when it is too hot or thin it may cause an Anastomosis because heat doth open the Orifices and thinness makes it flow easily through The same Qualities may Cause a Diapedesis for heat doth make thin the Tunicles of the Vessels and thinness Causeth the Blood to pass through their pores Lastly Sharpness gnaweth and Ulcerateth the Tunicles of the Veins and so produceth a
it comes from a windy spirit going from the Stomach and Guts and griping those parts through which it passeth These Winds are produced either from the fiery heat of the Stomach corrupting the meat and making it stinck or from windy rank meats and Onyons Radishes and the like Sennertus addeth another Cause borrowed from the Hermetical Doctrine namely Salt Humors and Adust in the Hypochondria which grow hot by the mixture of another humor For saith he as Salts and the Spirits of Salts mixed with sharp Spirits make abundance of flatuous Spirits as appears by the mixing of Oyl of Vitriol and Aqua fortis with Salt of Tartar So doth it fal out in mans Body by the Commixtion of a Salt and Adust Humor with other Spirits there are many windy Spirits produced The immediate Cause of this Disease is a Chollerick Burnt Sharp Salt or rotten Humor in the Stomach Guts Spleen Mesentery or Prancreas or some nourishment of evil quality some strong deadly Medicine or poyson taken Hipp. 7. Epid. Text. 90. doth reckon up almost all the Causes of those evil Humors in these words Chollerick Evacuations upwards and downwards come from eating too much flesh especially Swines flesh not roasted Also for meats not formerly used from drunkenness with old Wine and sweet from Pine Kernels Locusts rotten Nuts and from the use of Garlick Leeks Onions especially from boyled Lettice Coleworts and the like crude things also from Tarts and sweet meats Honey meats Fruits soon perishing especially from Cucumers Pompions and these Evacuations happen most in Summer for then they are easily corrupt and are indigested It is worth the observation from whence so many Chollerick Humors should come which in this Disease are sent forth by Vomit and Stool It is usually answered that they come from the Mesentery and the places adjacent and somtimes from the whol Body which though it be probable yet we may say That Humors corrupted in the Stomach and parts neer therto do infect other Humors with their Malignity and that Nature is constrained to send to the Stomach and Guts as venemous Medicines Antimony Coloquintida Elaterium and the like by corrupting of the good Humors do make an Hypercarthasis or over-purging The signs of this Disease are an often and plentiful sending forth of Chollerick sharp and other corrupt Humors by vomiting and stool a gnawing of the Stomach and Guts a swelling with wind pains thirst with much heat and disturbance great Nauseousness and loathing which is somwhat appeased with cold drink but presently is cast forth with hot The Pulse is somtimes smal and unequal somtimes with great sweating and Convulsion of the Thighs and Arms swooning coldness of the extream parts and other grievous Symptoms The Causes of this Disease are easily known And first the external are known by relation of the Patient and those that stand by If he have taken too much or food of an evil quality or poyson or some violent Medicine The internal Causes are known by the quality of those Humors which are sent forth We conjecture that it comes from the fault of the Stomach if other parts are not distempered and when there is a continual loathing gnawing and pain of the Stomach the matter is sent forth green but if it be bred in the Veins there is commonly a Malignant Feaver adjoyned You must make your Prognosticks thus If it be very violent it brings commonly sudden death If it come from some evil Food it is less dangerous for when that is sent forth the Disease ceaseth By how much the greater the Symptomes are as Swooning Convulsion and coldness of the extream parts by so much neerer at hand is death Hippocrates in Coac sheweth that this is somtimes Critical to Feavers called Lipyriae which can no other waies be cured as he saith but by a great casting forth of Choller both upwards and downwards and these Crises or Judgments happen seldom and ought to be suspected because they have not the conditions of a good and Health bringing Crisis If vomiting begin to cease and the wan and deadly color of the Face to be restored there is hope of Health In the Cure of this Disease in the beginning thereof some evacuation may be allowed while the evil and corrupt Humors do flow forth And you must help it forward with drinking warm Water with Syrup of Vinegar or with a great deal of thin Chicken Broth which if it provoke not Vomit will allay the sharpness of the Humors Or you may evacuate them with Rhubarb brought into a Pill with Syrup of Wormwood and with clensing Clysters Also fat mollifying Clysters are to be given made of Milk Oyl of Roses fresh Butter washed with Rose Water or made of Chicken Broth or Veal Broth with Yolks of Eggs with which as the disease shall require you may mix Narcoticks Also Clysters of Oxycrate are good or made of the Decoction of Lettice Plantane with a little Vinegar Syrup of Water-lillies and Yolks of Eggs. Also you must qualisie the Humors sharpness with internal Medicines as with the Decoction of Purslane and Plantane with Syrup of Quinces and dried Roses with Lapis Prunellae if there be heat and thirst And you must stop Vomiting with those things both internal and external which were prescribed in the Cure of Chollerick Vomiting Chap. 7. Among which the Narcoticks are best and especially new Treacle which given in the quantity of a dram doth presently stop those violent Evacuations Laudanum doth the same if you give four grains thereof If there be great weakness as often happeneth it is not safe to give the whol dose of Laudanum but it is better to give one or two grains and to give it once or twice in a day as necessity urgeth for so the force of the Humors will be restrained and Nature will have time to tame and concoct hem After vomiting and purging are stayed by the Medicines aforesaid the strength is restored by Cordial means the Patient seemeth to be past danger which doth not only somtimes deceive the standers by but also the Physitians themselves for after a day or two of rest and intermission the symptomes return more strong and violent and destroy the Patient who was made weak by their former encounter which danger you must prevent not only with Restauratives and things that take away the heat of the Humors as before mentioned which must be continued after they are appeased but especicially with Blood-letting which doth revel the burnt and boyling blood and greatly asswage it and you must do it twice or thrice if the strength be not impaired by the first but rather seem to be refreshed Some Practitioners adventure in the time of the fit when the strength is decayed adventure to open a Vein because they say the strength is oppressed But it cannot then be done without danger and somtimes the Patient presently after dieth to their shame For though we acknowledg that there is an oppression of the strength
hapneth a Critical Diarrhoea without a Disease in some bodies which use to lay up evil Humors and being strong do throw them forth at times when they abound and burden nature as Galen taught 7. meth Cap. 11. of which Flux Celsus maketh mention lib. 4. cap. 19. in these words It is healthful for to go often to the Stool in one day and in many dayes together if there be a Feaver and if it cease before the seventh day for the Body is purged and that which inwardly would have hurt is now sent forth Among Critical Fluxes the Serous is one which comes without a Disease aforegoing in them who have much Water in their Veins and that chiefly in the Harvest time or Autumne namely when the night and morning cold of Autumne finding the passages external and pores of the skin open by reason of the heat of Summer aforegoing doth therefore insinuate it self deeper into the body pressing forth internally the Serous Humors contained in the Veins which Nature afterwards being over-burdened with sends by the Meseraick Veins into the Intestines and many times into the Uriters Hence it is that many in the beginning of Autumne and in the first cold weather do make abundance of Urine for many dayes together But if a Diarrhoea be Symptomatical it troubles the patient much and weakeneth him and the Disease upon which it comes is encreased or at least is in the same state This Symptomatical Flux in burning Feavers and Malignant is often melting and hence it is known because the Excrements appear unctious and the body forthwith becomes lean and consumed and almost in a Marasmus If the Diarrhoea comes from the Brain the Stools are frothy as Hippocrates taught Aphor. 30. Sect. 7. which is not alwaies so For Flegm may flow from the brain without Wind which is the only cause of froth as also Wind may be mixed with Humors that are bred or contained in the stomach or intestines from whence the Excrements may be frothy though they come not from the Head Therefore we must joyn other Signs to this namely If the Brain have any manifest Disease as a Catarrh Deafness Lethargy Apoplexy or great Heaviness Pain or Sleepiness and if the Flux be more at night than day If it come from the fault of the Stomach there wil be the Signs of the Concoction of the Stomach Hurt As if the Food be corrupted and have a sharp and stinking quality by which the Expulsive Faculty is stirred up to expel them Also there wil then be the Signs of a Hot Distemper of the Stomach So if the Stools be Crude and Flegmatick and if Concoction be slow and diminished we argue that the Concoction of the Stomach is hurt by a cold Distemper and lastly we know that the fault is in the Stomach if the Patient did before fill himself with evil Food which would easily corrupt The Flux of the Belly comes from the Guts when they are ful of Worms and then there wil be signs of Worms which you may take from their proper Chapters If from the Liver The Stools wil be Chollerick because Choller is bred there and there wil be Signs of a Hot Distemper Inflamation Obstruction and other Diseases of the Liver If from the Spleen The Stools wil be commonly black or blackish a distention in the left Hypochondrion a heaviness also or pain there and other signs of the Spleen Distempered wil appear If from the Mesentery There wil be extension stretching or pain in that part But Humors gathered in the Mesentery come commonly from the Liver and Spleen If from the Womb There wil be stoppage of the Courses or the Symptomes of the Womb affected which use to be more violent and the Flux also at that time when the Terms ought to flow The Prognostick of a Diarrhoea is made thus A Flux of the Belly which is easily endured and in which the Patient finds refreshment is good On the contrary that which is painful and weakneth is evil The first is to be accounted Critical the last Symptomatical When the Liquid Excrements grow thicker it is good For it signifieth That the Faculty Worketh well by Concocting of evil Humors which is done by making them thick Thin Excrements with pain often voided are evil for they signifie great sharpness of Humors which do violently pul stimulate prick and gnaw the Guts Liquid Stools without Feeling when they are voided are evil For they either signifie Disturbance of Mind or Doting or Dissolution of the Natural Heat which is followed by the loss of Sense Liquid Stools beginning with an acute Disease and continuing with the same is evil for it signifies great plenty of Matter or an evil quality therein which forceth Nature to so sudden a flux If a strong Diarrhoea comes upon him who hath the Leucophlegmatia it causeth recovery Hipp. Aph. 29. Sect. 7. For there is an Evacuation of the Matter which was in the whol Body But this wants a limitation The Aphorism is true if this flux happen in the beginning of a Disease while the strength is good otherwise it doth not take away the disease but the Patient If a Woman with Child have a flux of the Belly she is in danger to miscarry Hipp. Aph. 34. Sect. 5. For the food which should nourish the Infant is for the most part carried away and the strength is abated as also the Ligaments of the Womb are relaxed by a continual flux of Humors thither as also the Child and the Womb are infected by the vapor of those excrements which are continually voided Yellow Stools like Yolks of Eggs green like Verdegreece livid black of divers colors or very stinking are evil For the reason which we gave in the Chapter of Vomiting As to the Cure Since a Symptomatical Diarrhoea comes commonly from corrupt Humors Chollerick Flegmatick Melanchollick or Serous and especially from Chollerick which provoke the expulsive faculty of the Intestines by their sharpness You must begin the Cure by Evacuation of the Humor offending which must be done by a Medicine which doth astringe by purging lest that flux should be encreased by motion of the Humors and you may make it thus Take of the best Rhubarb one dram Citrine Myrobalans half a dram Yellow Sanders half a scruple Infuse them in Plantane Water dissolve in the Liquor strained half a dram the pouder of Rhubarb and one ounce of Syrup of Roses Make a Potion You may ad Diacatholicon or other Medicines according to the condition of the Humor to be purged Also Vomiting is somtimes good because it Revelleth and Evacuateth the Matter of the Disease If there be signs of blood abounding and strength you must first let blood And if there be a Feaver you must open a Vein though there appear no Plethory or fulness Before and after Purging give clensing Clysters such as these Take of whol Barley two pugils Bran and red Roses of each one pugil Liquoris scraped and Raisons whol of
saith that hot blood given as a Clyster doth wonderfully cure a flux Chap. 6. Of Dysenteria or Dysentery A Dysentery is an often and bloody loosness of the Belly with pain and torment depending upon the ulceration of the Intestines The word Dysenteria is taken commonly among the Antients for every bloody flux of the Belly but strictly and properly it is taken only for the bloody flux which comes from an Ulcer in the Intestines Gal. 3. de symp caus cap. 2. nameth four kinds of bloody fluxes which he commonly calls Dysenteries The first is when any part of the Body is cut or when any exercise is omitted or any bleeding is omitted as usual bleeding at the Nose and Haemorrhoids that by reason whereof the blood abounding is sent by the Meseraick Veins to the Intestines and so evacuated by the Belly The second is when by reason of the weakness of the Liver Watery blood like that water wherein flesh hath been washed is voided as it is in the Hepatick or flux of the Liver of which we shal hereafter speak The third is when Melanchollick and shining blood is cast forth which by reason of the long continuance in the Liver or Spleen is burnt and mixed with Melancholly Shining signifieth burning because blood which groweth black by cold doth not shine but loseth that brightness or splendor which it had before The fourth Difference is when the Patient at some short distance voids blood with Humors or Excrements with which somtimes there is mixed Pus or Matter and that with pain and torment by which we may conclude that there is an Ulcer of the Guts And this is properly called a Dysentery of which only we here discourse The Internal Causes of a Dysentery are sharp and ulcerating Humors as yellow Choller green like Leeks or Verdegreece and black as also salt flegm bred in the Head from great heat or in the Belly by putrefaction and so brought to the Intestines where cleaving a long time it doth ulcerate Here is a great Doubt propounded by Authors How yellow Choller in a short time should cause a Dysentery When green Choller in a long time maketh only a Diarrhoea which never turneth into a Dysentery since the green is made of the yellow by adustion and hath more sharpness Mercatus answereth That there must be a clamminess by which it may remain long in the Guts to corrode and gnaw them as wel as a sharpness And therefore if yellow Choller be such it causeth a Dysentery on the contrary if green Choller be more fluid and stay less while in the Guts it makes but a simple Diarrhoea Sennertus saith that this answer is probable but it doth not satisfie because oftentimes there are fluxes in which there is clamminess with sharpness and yet there is no Dysentery And contrarywise often times there is no clamminess in Chollerick Humors which cause a Dysentery and therefore he thinks that the Humors which produce a Dysentery have a peculiar occult quality with which the Intestines are offended and ulcerated as the Lungs are with the fish Lepus and the Bladder with Cantharides and no other part And he proveth that malignant quality in that a Dysentery is contagious for the most part so that the infections which come from the vapors rising from the excrements of those that have a Dysentery do only infect the Guts of them that are infected and not upon other parts The same happeneth in other Epidemical and infectious Diseases in which the poyson doth go only to some peculiar part so their Pleuresies Peripneumonia's or Imposthumes in the Lungs and Squinzies which are infectious So the Poyson of a mad Dog doth only infect the Head This is more cleer to be seen in Purging Medicines which have a peculiar vertue to move the Humors in the Body and bring them to the Guts which wil not only being taken at the Mouth purge by stool but laid to the Navil are taken by vapor at the Nose it is probable that they piercing into the Veins and Arteries by the Pores of the Skin and extremities of the Vessels do stir up motion and Fermentation or working in the Humors because the bad Humors are separated from the good and by pricking or stimulating of Nature they are driven to the Intestines by the force of the Medicine directing the expulsive faculty to those parts By the same reason but after another manner do Sudorisicks or Sweating Medicines and Diureticks or such as provoke Urine work the former forcing the Humors to the Skin the latter to the Bladder From which we may collect that the insection of a Dysentery by what manner or part soever it is admitted into the Body doth cause a certain fermentation or working in the Humors by giving them a Disposition like it self which being an enemy to the Guts doth provoke the flux of the Humors to them by which they are ulcerated and they being infected with the like disposition do infect the Humors and Nourishment from whence comes a true and proper Dysentery It is demanded of divers Authors What is that snotty and white Matter which is voided in such great plenty in Dysenteries mixed with Blood and other Humors Some think that it is the fat of the Guts others that it is that with which the Intestines are lined for the better passage of the excrements others that it is flegm from the Head or other parts others that it is Pus or Matter from the Ulcers But we conclude That it is nothing else but a preternatural excrement of the Guts for they being decayed from their Natural Constitution cannot convert their proper Nourishment into their own substance but by an imperfect way change it into that Matter which when it is unfit for nourishment of those parts is expelled forth and then the parts wanting again Nourishment attracteth or draweth new which is changed as the former and there must needs be a great encrease thereof because the part affected continually draweth Blood from the Veins which is changed into this slimy substance by which it is deceived of its expectation and therefore again draweth new for its Nourishment which it continually aimeth at but cannot turn into its own substance but into thâ— slimy Matter of which there is so great an encrease The same thing is done in other parts and especially in great and profound or deep Ulcers For the part Ulcerated when by reason of its evil disposition it cannot be wel nourished draws blood continually from the Veins which is changed into Pus or Quittor by which means the whol body by degrees consumeth Nor doth this befal only parts ulcerated but others that have no Ulcer or Imposthume so that although the aforesaid Excrement be like Quitt r yet is not true Pus or Quittor for that comes only from an Ulcer or Imposthume This chiefly appears in an Ophthalmy or Inflamation of the Eyes in which when there is no Ulcer or Imposthume there is a continual Excrement
suffering do all escape but they who are corrupted in the very fleshy substance of the Liver die and there is good reason to be given why they do The immediate Causes of this Disease are too much Blood or the boyling heat thinness and sharpness of the same or the motion and stirring of it in the Veins from whence by the aforesaid Causes it is easily thrown into those parts which are most fit to receive it The Liver is most sit to receive blood abounding when it is too hot or hath any pain for heat and pain do attract or if it have any Natural or adventitious weakness For all parts that are burdened with any Humor do disburden themselves upon the weakest Among these Causes you may reckon the obstruction of the Liver by which the thick Humors are retained and are inflamed by a Preternatural heat The External Causes may be many as too much heat of the body from immoderate Excercise the Sun or fire but Meats sharp and spiced immoderate taking of two much strong Wine too much Letchery Fear a Stroak or Fall upon the Liver side also hot Medicines applyed without reason thereto as Fabricius Hildanus reports of one who having a cold distemper of the Stomach had Emplaisters and hot Oyntments of Pepper Cardamons Oyl of Cloves and the like applyed to him by which means the Inflamation of the Liver was encreased for the Liver covereth the Stomach and the Medicines which are applied to the Stomach do first touch the Liver with their Vertue Cupping Glasses applied to the Region of the Liver wil do the same of which Fabricius Hildanus brings an Example concerning one who bled at the Nose to whom he applied great Cupping Glasses upon the Region of the Liver which stayed the blood but a great Inflamation of the Liver followed The Signs of this Disease are many according to Galen and other Authors which we shal lay down severally because many errors are committed in the discovery thereof The First Sign is Heaviness in the right Hypochondrion which comes from the Repletion and Distention of the Liver because being of its own nature large and very compact if it be filled with much Humor it wil grow very heavy which the Patient apprehends when he turâ—eth from one side to the other The Second Sign is Pain which somtimes is perceived in one place somtimes in two or three in the Region of the Liver there is a weighty Pain somtimes it is very extending in the lower Ribs when the Inflamation reacheth to the Ligaments of the Liver which are fastned to the Ribs somtimes the Pain is communicated to the Throat by the continuation of the Membranes which have consent with the Membrane which covers the Liver The Third Sign is a Feaver which is commonly at night and is more or less sharp according to the Humor offending for in a Chollerick Inflamation it is most burning but in a Flegmatick gentle and in a Sanguine Inflamation moderate between both The Fourth Sign is Difficulty of Breathing because the Liver is tyed to the Diaphragma or Midriff and therefore by its weight forceth it downwards as also presseth it with greatness and swelling so that both wayes the free motion of the Diaphragma is hindered The aforesaid Signs are Universal or proper to declare the Disease there are many other equivocal Signs which also do much avail to the knowledge of the Disease As a dry Cough a hard Pulse unequal and like a Saw the colour of the Tongue first red and then black great Loathing of meat unquenchable Thirst vomiting of Choller and somtimes of Flegm a pale Colour of the whol Body tending to the Jaundice yellowish red and flaming Urin which is sharp when the Patient lieth with his face upwards he is more at ease than when he lieth on either side because when he lieth upon the right side the Liver is pressed upon by the Stomach when he lieth upon the left it is extended by its own weight hanging down the Belly is bound by reason of the Heat which consumeth al the moisture of the Chylus matter Somtimes it is loose namely when a great weakness of the Liver is joyned with the inflamation for then the Excrements are sent forth moist like the Water wherein Flesh hath been washed The Signs of the Differences are these If the Gibbous or Convex part of the Liver be affected there is a Tumor to be felt in the right Hypochondrion and it makes the figure of the Liver like a half Moon there is great pain in the Breathing and it reacheth to the right side of the Throat so that it seemeth to be pulled down There is a greater Cough and Difficulty of Breathing and greater weight But if the Hollow part of the Liver be affected the Tumor is not so easily felt but because as I have said one part of the Liver cannot be inflamed but the other must also suffer when the part is touched and pressed down some pain is perceived Moreover Because this part lieth upon the Stomach there is a greater loathing of Meat vomiting thirst and loosness of the Belly from the food corrupted in the Stomach which is distempered by the neerness of the Liver to it The Signs of the Causes are these If the Inflamation come from pure Blood there is either a perfect Red or duskish colour in the face the Pulse is great soft and waterish the Urin is red and thick the Body is full of flesh there is sweetness in the mouth the party is yong and hath fed high If Choller predominate the Face is yellow the Pulse swift hard and unequal the Urin thin and very yellow somtimes flaming the Body is lean and thin the Eyes hollow the Mouth bitter there is vomiting of Choller and Causes that bred Choller went afore But because the Inflamation of the Muscles of the Abdomen or Belly is very like the Inflamation of the Liver there we must distinguish them by their proper Signs In the Inflamation of the Muscles of the Abdomen the skin is so extended that if you lay hold of it you cannot move it the humors of the streight Muscles are long and over the whol belly comprehending the Navel and the inflamation of other Muscles is in the form of them On the contrary the Inflamation of the Liver is in the shape of the part affected and if you lay hold on the Muscles they yeild and the Tumor is somwhat deeper Moreover The color of the whol Body is of much concernment for the distinguishing of these Diseases for in the Inflamation of the Muscles it is fresh and almost in its Natural condition but in the Inflamation of the Liver it is pale yellow and like the Jaundice There is a famous Example of this in Galen 5. de loc aff cap. 7. of one Stesianus who when he was judged by other Physitians to have an Imposthume in the Liver Galen being sent for at the first view of his face
Liver be cooled nor can the thin vaporous Excrements be evacuated The Matter that Causeth the Obstructions commonly is a gross Excrement viscous and clammy which being not able to pass freely sticks in the passage and is more and more thickned by the heat of the part so that the longer Obstructions continue the worse they are Somtimes plenty of Humors cause an Obstruction as Galen sheweth 10. meth cap. 2. in there words Of Obstructions some come of abundance of Humors and some from the Quality as when they are gross or clammy Blood letting is the best Remedy against those which come from plenty and the use of attenuating things is best against those that come of Quality This Obstruction which comes from plenty of Humors happens chiefly in the Vessels and their cavities when being too full they are so distended that they cannot contract themselve for the sending forth of the Matter contained As we may observe by the Bladder when it is stretched ouâ— by long retention of too much Urin that it cannot contract it self from whence there comes a stoppage of Urin or difficulty of voiding thereof Not only Humors but also somtimes many gross Vapors which cannot easily be discussed because the way is not open as in the Chollick may be the Cause of Obstruction as Galen teacheth 3. de loc aff which Causes are very rare and absolutely denyed of some The Humors which stoppeth with its thickness is chiefly Flegm which wil easily grow gross and clammy Melancholly is next which by its coldness thickness and drossiness may cause Obstructions Also Blood may do the same by its quantity and thickness And lastly Choller staying long in the Liver grows thick and breeds dangerous Obstructions The Antecedent and Princâ—pal Causes are al things that produce thick and clammy Humors and thick and cloudy Air Meats of gross Juyce viscous hard of Concoction and distribution astringent cold and not fit for to be eaten as Pears quinces Services Medlars Mushrooms Cheese Pulse Pease or Beans Beef and Pork slymy Fish and dryed in the smoak Bread not wel baked Rapes Chessnuts thick red and astringent Wine and muddy Ale Also an evil Disposition of the Liver especially a cold distemper which may also produce Obstructions from good Juyce as when it doth not wel Concoct but turns the meat into a salt tartarous and mucilagnous or slymy Matter Also the Distemper of the Stomach may be a Cause of Obstructions when it begets too crude a Chyle which cannot after be wel ordered by the Liver because the sault of the first Concoction is not amended by the second The Signs of this Disease are to be divided into divers sorts some signifie the kind of the Disease others the part affected and others the cause that produce it The Signs that shew the kind of the Disease are common to al natural parts that are subject to Obstructions for they shew only Obstructions lying in the lower Belly and these therefore wil serve for the knowledg of the Obstructions of the Spleen and Mesentery especially These Signs shew that there are Obstructions in the said parts The Excrements of the Belly being out of their natural condition especially when they are moist white chylous or bloody white Urine thin and watery and as it were strained because the thicker parts cannot pass through by reason of the Obstructions but only the pure water comes through unmixed and it may be yellow if there be heat Difficulty of Breathing especially when the Patient walketh fast or goes up a hill or pair of stairs because the parts obstructed do draw the Midriff down-wards and hinder its free motion the Face is pale there is leanness and dulness over the whol body the Pulse is unequal and lastly there is such a sense of weight in the Hypochondria as they who have been feeding very hard Therefore Hippocrates 4. de victus ratione in acut calls that heavines a fulness of the Hypochondria attributing that Disease to the Hypochondria which properly belongs to the Stomach for as often as the Spleen and Liver are filled with evil Humors and swel they are pressed and feel a heaviness after the least eating of the lightest meats as they who have over-gorged themselves This Sign doth so surely declare the Obstruction of the Hypochondria although there be neither pain nor apparent swelling that Prosper Martianus in his Comment upon the aforesaid Book of Hippocrates assirmeth That he hath concluded that the Bowels were obstructed before ever he handled the Hypochondria The stretching of the right Hypochondrion sheweth the part affected together with the other signs and somtimes pain that is heavy and dul which encreaseth after meat especially if exercise immediately follow somtimes a dry Cough difficulty of Breathing by reason of the neerness of the Diaphragma and a greater weight of that part than of any other The Signs of the Causes are if it come from Humors the pain is more heavy extending and fixed if from Wind it is sharper and more moveable if from cold Humors there is more sense of weight in the right side the Face is more pale there is no Feaver nor thirst there was a cold and thick diet without exercise that preceded if it comes from hot Humors there is less weight more thirst the Face is yellow by reason of Choller or red by reason of Blood there is a Feaver and a pricking pain somtimes and hot diet went before The Prognostick of this Disease is to be made thus A New Obstruction is easily taken away an Old hardly An Obstruction of the Liver except it be speedily and wholly taken away useth to bring many Evils namely Putrefaction of Humors Feavers Inflamations divers Fluxes of the Belly constant and vehement because the nourishment can pass to the parts the Chollick Jaundice Evil Habit of body Dropsie Scirrhus and other infinite Diseases so that Avicenna calls Obstructions the Mother of Diseases An Obstruction made by Humors is worse than that which comes of Wine That which comes of Crude and Flegmatick Humors or of Wind is somtimes cured by a Feaver because the Heat doth discuss the Flatus or Wind makes Flegm thin and more apt to flow The Cure of an Obstruction is to be begun with an universal Evacuation of the whol body by a Potion agreeable to the nature of the Disease Afterwards if there be signs of Plethory or sulness and if the body be not very thin you must draw blood out of the Liver Vein in the Right Arm. Then prescribe this Apozeme Take of Smallage Parsley and Fennel Roots infused a whol night in white Wine of each one ounce the Roots of the greater Celandine two ounces Fearn Roots Elicampane barks the Roots of Capars the inward bark of an Ash and Tamarisk of each half an ounce Wormix ood Agrimony Maiden-hair Germander the tops of Saint Johns-wort and the Lesser Centaury of each one handful Smallage Parsley annis and Fennel seeds of each half an onnce clean
take two or three drams every morning Or Take of the filings of Steel half a pound white Wine one Pint and an half mix them in a Glass set it to the fire let be boyled gently stirring it up and down till a scum arise then take the frothy and fat part of the Steel which is separated by the heat and put it with Wine into another Glass do thus four times adding fresh Wine heating and separating them set it on a gentle fire till it be hot and grow thick as Honey keep it for your use which is this Take of Steel so prepared six drams Parsley and Carrot seeds the species of Diacurcuma and Diarrhodon Abbatis of each one dram Cinnamon half a dram with clarified Honey make an Opiate of which take three drams or half an ounce every morning Or Take of Steel prepared with Brimstone one ounce the best Senna Rhubarb and Agarick of each two drams Diarrhodon Abbatis one dram Saffron one scruple with syrup of Roses solutive make an Opiate of which let him take two drams every morning for fifteen dayes three hours after meat Pills of Steel are as good as the rest and they may be made thus Take of Steel prepared with Brimstone half an ounce the best Aloes Senna Agarick and Rhubarb of each one dram Diarrhodon Abbatis half a dram Saffron half a scruple with syrup of Roses solutive make a mass of Pills of one dram whereof make six guilded Pills which give in the morning for fifteen dayes three hours afore meat To these Pills you may ad according to the kind of the Disease and the Patients occasion of Gum Ammoniack Sagapenum Opopanax Myrrh Gentian Birth-wort Mastich Nutmeg and the like In all Medicines made of Steel this is alwayes to be observed That Exercise be used after them as Walking to make the strength of the Medicine to go into the parts obstructed This Walking must befor two hours after after which give a little Broth in which opening Herbs and Roots have been boyled Besides al these Remedies the Chymists commend Mercurial Purges of Mercurius dulcis especially given with ordinary Pills or Extracts because Mercury doth violently penetrate and open Obstructions The Bezoard Mineral is very much commended and given with Mercurius dulcis You may give it thus made Take of Bezoard mineral twelve grains Mercurius dulcis six grains conserve of Roses one or two drams make a Bolus which must be given many dayes If there be an Obstruction of the Liver in a Chollerick body with a hot and dry distemper of the part then must you give cooling or temperate Openers which shal be shewed in the Cure of Flatus Hypochondriacus mentioned among the Diseases of the Spleen For his ordinary drink let him take Water and smal Wine wherein Steel hath been infused Or a weak Decoction of Tamarisk Agrimony Ceterach Maiden-hair Burnet all or some with Wine Some commend the Infusion of the Wood against the Stone called Lignum Nephriticum for ordinary drink Others the Decoction of Eglentine or Sweet-bryer which opens very powerfully and strengtheneth and they say that many have been Cured of desparate Diseases by that alone But the Infusion of the filings of Steel made in white Wine or thin red Wine doth open better mixed with the aforesaid Waters or with ordinary Water for by this Medicine alone many Virgins have been Cured of the Green Sickness and this Wine wil work better if they take every morning two ounces of cleer Wine besides the ordinary drink Chap. 4. Of the Jaundice THe Jaundice is a yellow color of the whol Body coming of Choller spread over all the Skin It is therefore a Symptome of the Quality changed And now presently that vulgar difficulty which is controverted by almost all Writers offers it self namely That the yellow color in the Cornea doth immediately hurt the Sight making all objects appear yellow To which that I may answer in a word without circumstances I say That it is a disease in the encrease of Number for since the Cornea ought to be void of all color that it may let the Species of Objects pass through pure and unchanged if it have any preâ—ernatural color it hath a Disease in the encrease of Number that is more than what is necessary to the Natural Constitution thereof Authors do make two sorts of Jaundice Yellow and Black The Black proceeds from the Spleen and is very rare therefore here treating only of the Diseases of the Liver we will speak only of the Yellow Jaundice The spreading of Choller upon the Skin comes from many Causes which may be reduced to three Heads namely An Evil Disposition of the Liver An Obstruction of the Bag that contains the Gall And the malignity of the Chollerick Humor The Evil Disposition of the Liver is divers as Dstemper Inflamation Obstruction Schirrus and whatsoever may so weaken the part that Excrementitious Choller cannot be separated from the Blood but is with it distributed through the whol Body The Obstruction of the Bag or Cystis which contains the Gall hinders the passage of it into the Guts whereby it remains in the Liver and goes from thence with the Blood into the whol Body This Obstruction is either from gross Flegm or Choller abounding somtimes from little stones which are often bred in the Bag of Gall which may also be made narrow in the Passage by the compression of some part nigh unto it which is inflamed or schirrous The Evil of the Chollerick Humor consists either in the great quantity thereof which cannot be regulated by Nature nor be separated from the Mass of Blood or which so filleth the Bag of the Gall that it cannot contract it self to expel it or it consists in an evil quality which by corrupting of the Humors doth hinder their due Evacuation or stirs up Nature suddenly to cast it forth as you may observe in a Critical or Symptomatical Jaundice This Corruption happens in continual Chollerick Feavers as also after Poyson is taken or from the biting of some venemous Creature by which the whol Blood is turned into Choller The Signs of the Yellow Jaundice are manifest namely a yellow color through the whol Body especially in the white of the Eyes Also an itching and laziness bitterness of the Tongue somtimes Chollerick Vomitings and Hiccoughs The Signs of the Causes are to be taken from their proper Fountains for if the distemper of the Liver be hot this Disease comes from Inflamation Obstruction Schirrus or the like the knowledg of which is to be taken from their proper Chapters These things properly shew the Obstruction of the Bag of the Gall white Excrements and a Belly bound through the want of Choller which useth to make the Excrements yellow or red and to stir up the Expulsive Faculty of the Guts like a Clyster The Urine is very yellow inclining to red and if you put a Linnen clout therein it will dye it yellow If it come from the malignity
of the Chollerick Humor the Excrements of the Belly are high colored and also the Urine especially if it follow a putrid Feaver when the Jaundice is a Symptome and then after the coming of the Jaundice the Feaver remains but if it be critical the Feaver ceaseth and the Excrements with the Urine are wel colored The External Causes as Poyson and venemous bitings may be declared by the Patient and those about him The Prognostick of the Jaundice is various according to the variety of Causes That is more Curable which comes from the Obstruction of the Bag containing the Gall because its passages are neerer the Guts and the Matter cleaving thereto is easily sent into them provided that the Obstruction come not from a stone which because it cannot be dissolved renders the Disease incurable The Jaundice coming from an Inflamation or Schirrus of the Liver is most dangerous for one commonly ends in an Imposthume the other in a Dropsie They who in a Feaver have the Jaundice before the seventh day are desperate Hipp. Aph. 62. Sect. 4. against which Aphorism there is another of Hippocrates opposed which is in 4. de victus ratione in acutis in these words In a Chollerick Feaver if the Jaundice come before the seventh day with chillness the Disease is cured but if it come without chillness it is deadly There is Reason for what he saith for when in the third fourth and fifth day the Crisis or ground of Judgment is healthful if it be by Sweat Urine or Stool why should not a Critical Jaundice fall upon those daies And Experience from many allowed Authors doth testifie that the Jaundice doth often happen with safety before the seventh day Now these Authors do interpret the aforesaid Aphorism thus namely That Hippocrates by the seventh day understands any Critical day and he mentioneth the seventh as the most noble day and to be taken for all the rest But that is a true Critical Day of Judgment afore which a ful Concoction of the Matter causing the Feaver did appear The Cure of the Jauudice is by taking away of the Causes For if it come from a hot distemper of the Liver or a Tumor in that part you must consult with the Chapters afore mentioned for the Cure of them But that which comes upon acute Feavers if it be Critical needs no Cure Yet if it be Symptomatical the Cure of it depends upon the Cure of the Disease upon which it depends That which comes from the Obstruction of the Cystis or Bag of the Gall is cured by taking away of the Obstruction which may be conveniently done by the Remedies mentioned in the former Chapter To which we may add these as more proper First take away part of the Humor with this following Bolus Take of the Electuary of the Juyce of Roses and Diaprunis solutive of each three drams the pouder of Rhubarb one dram Saffron half a scruple With Sugar make a Bolus which you may give once or twice if the Body be of a very ill habit As for Phlebotomy though Galen denyeth it as unprofitable yet if you perceive abundance of Blood it is very good to abate it After general Medicines this following Infusion used six or seven daies doth commonly pluck this Disease up by the Roots if it be but yong Take of Madder Roots half an ounce the greater Celandine one handful the tops of Sea Wormwood and of the lesser Centaury of each one pugil Cinnamon half a dram Saffron half a scruple Infuse them a whol night in eight ounces of white Wine and add to the straining half an ounce of white Sugar Let him take it in the morning three hours before dinner Or you may make this Decoction following Take of Celandine Roots and Leaves one handful the Leaves and Flowers of St. Johns wort of each half a handful the shavings of Ivory and poudered Goose dung of each three drams Saffron half a dram Put the Pouder of Goose dung and the Saffron in a clout and boyl them all in equal parts of white Wine and Wormwood Water to one pint and when it is strained add one ounce of Sugar Give it for three morning draughts and repeat it if you think sit Quercetan commends for this purpose the Dung of a green Goose that eats Grass in the Spring and the dried white Dung of an Hen given or divers daies to the quantity of half a dram or a dram and he saith that the Dung of these Aerial Creatures is full of Nitre and Sulphur and hath a wonderful Faculty to cut attenuate and dissolve Dioscorides commends the Juyce of Horehound for this Disease and since his time others and especially Forestus who reports that some were only cured by the use of the Syrup of the Juyce of Horehound when other means failed Gesner commends the Nettle Root thus prepared Take of Nettle Roots one pound Saffron one scruple beat them wel and take out their Juyce with white Wine and let the Patient take four ounces every morning for four or five daies and cover himself to sweat after it While inward Medicines are given let the Region of the Liver be anointed with this following Oyntment Take of the Juyce of Smallage Parsley and Succory of each one ounce white Wine Vinegar half an ounce the Oyl of Tamarisk two ounces boyl them til the Juyces and Vinegar be consumed then add of yellow Sanders and Spicknard of each one dram Wax as much as will make a Liniment After the Obstructions are taken away the yellow colour will presently vanish by the strength of Natural Heat which will discusse the Humor from the Skin But that it may sooner be gone make a Bath of warm VVater and rub the Body therein with a Bag of Earley and Bean Meal Chap. 5. Of the Scirrhus of the Liver THe Scirrhus of the Liver is a hard Tumor without pain bred of a thick Humor fastened and hardened upon the Liver This Scirrhus is Two-fold either it is Exquisite or Perfect or Imperfect That which is a perfect Scirrhus is laid down in the Definition propounded which is without Pain or Sence That which is not exquisite or perfect hath some kind of pain and comes from a Matter less hardened in a word it is a Scirrhus beginning and not confirmed but that which is exquisite is confirmed so that they only differ in Degrees A Scirrhus breeds in the Liver two waies either from Defluxion or Congestion of a thick and glutinous Humor upon the part or from Inflamation which dissolveth the thin Humors and leaveth the thick The Matter of the former is Flegm or Melancholly either sent from other parts or bred in the substance of the Liver by an evil Concoction For the producing of this Humor evil diet is a main cause if it be of thick cold and viscous or clammy Nourishment as also a Flegmatick or Melanchollick Constitution and a Natural straightness of the Liver From whence Galen saith 13. Meth. That a
and the Membranes doth often stir up a deadly Looseness After Liniments or if they be omitted you may apply Cataplasms or Emplaisters This following is the best Take of the Roots of wild Cowcumbers well bruised and steeped twenty four hours in Vinegar of Squills one pound clarified Honey two Pints mix them and boyl them to the consistance of a Cerat and ad in the 〈◊〉 your ounces of the Pouder of Cumminseed make an Emplaister for the belly to be renewed evâ—â—y day Or Take of dryed Cow-dung one pound Brimstone and Cummin seeds Poudered of each two drams New Wine boyled called Sapa or of the Vrine of a Boy as much as will make a Cataplasm A Cataplasm of Rhadishes bruised and laid to the Navel and Reins doth provoke Stools and Urine Galen Commends a Cataplasm of Snails bruised with their Shells which must be kept to the belly till it fal off of its own accord it draws water forth violently Valeriola makes it in form of a Plaister thus Take of Cow-dung one pound Goats-dung half a pound boyl them in strong Vinegar and beat them in a Mortar with three ounces of Brimstone and one ounce of Allum the Juyce of Spurge and dwarf-Elder newly drawn of each three ounces Lupine and Orobus meal of each two ounces the Pouder of Soldanella Annis Fennel and Cummin of each two drams common parched Salt three drams Turpentine four ounces Pitch six ounces make a Plaister It is worth the Observation which Wierus and Varignana say they have found by Experience that a Toad found in the Woods cut through the belly and tyed to the Reins doth provoke Urine violently and when you wil evacuate more apply another Petraeus also reports that the Pouder of the same Toad dried and calcined in an Oven drunk half a dram in Wine or other Liquor doth wonderfully expel the Dropsie by Urine The first Inventor of which Experience desiring thereby to destroy himself was cured thereby contrary to expectation Also this following Cerat made of a Toad is excellent Take of Toads two pound the Juyce of dwarf Elder three Pints Oyl one pint Wax half a pound boyl them in a luted Pot to the consumption of half strain them for a Cerat spread this upon a Leather and lay it to the Spleen it evacuateth all waters All the time of the Cure you must strengthen the Liver and Stomach if the humor doth begin to abate or is not so great that it hinders the Vertue of outward Medicines from coming to the part Take of the Oyl of Orange flowers one ounce the Oyl of Spike three drams the Oyntment of Roses the stomach Cerot of Galen of each two drams distilled Oyl of Mastich two scruples the distilled Oyl of Wormwood one scruple Oyl of Nutmegs one dram and an half white Wax a little mix them for a Liniment to be applied to the stomach Take of Sea Wormwood three drams Horehound and Rosemary of each two drams Red Roses two pugills Ghamomil flowers and Bay Leaves of each half an handful Orange peels and sweet wood Aloes of each three drams Cypress Roots Schoenanth and Spikenard of each half an ounce with two parts of the best Wine and one part of Wormwood and Agrimony Water make a Decoction with which Foment the Region of the Liver with a spunge first washt in Wormwood Water Take of the Oyntment of Roses and Cerot of Sanders of each three ounces Red Roses Endive and Sorrel seed of each one dram Spikenard Schoenanth dryed Wormwood and Styrax Calamita of each four scruples Oyl of Mastich or Wormwood as much as will suffice to make a Liniment to be applied to the same part after the Fomentation For the most part in a Dropsie the Thighs Legs and Feet have a cold swelling and for the discussing of it a Lye is good in which the Roots of Dwarf Elder and Elicampane Rosemary Leaves Marjoram Thyme Bayes Organ Salt and Allum have been boyled Although the things aforesaid are chiefly used yet somtimes they are not necessary namely when the Dropsie comes in a hot and dry Constitution from hot causes which disperse the natural heat as in vehement Chollerick Feavers for then cold things for the Liver mixed with warm Openers are best such as are used in continual Feavers And the Magistral Syrup above mentioned made of the Juyce of Roses Succory and Agrimony For ordinary Drink give a Decoction of Succory Roots and Calcitrapa or white Chamelion which is not unpleasant or of other Openers but in a greater quantity than above which may quench thirst asswage the heat of the Liver and moisten the driness thereof It is not amiss to confirm this Doctrine by a famous example though it be allowed by Avicen Trallian and others because it seems strange to some and is of great Consequence Baptista Montanus reports Cons 263. in these words I saw saith he in Venice a certain Predicant Frier that was cured of an Ascites and Tympanites there were with me many famous Physitians namely Papiensis Eugubinus Trincavella and others He had as I said an Ascites with a Tympany and a Consumption with a Hectick Feaver therefore we were bound both to dry and moisten therefore we were in a great contention I was willing that he should drink much but things that Open because he had many obstructions and that moisten because he had a Consumption I prescribed the Syrup of Vinegar with all things that provoke Vrine Eugubinus would not allow him to drink and told a story of one who was cured by dry things Papiensis to end the controversie said That he should neither drink much nor at all we argued till night the Noblemen brought their Physitians to their Boats and there Papiensis said to a Nobleman what he had concealed formerly If you would have this man cured there is nothing to be done but what Baptista Montanus saith In this case also Medicines of Steel Tartar and Vitriol are excellent because they strongly Open and provoke Urine without any great heat But the tart Vitriol Mineral Waters are best because they powerfully open the Bowels provoke Urine and correct the Distemper of the Bowels whence experience sheweth us that many Dropsies are every yeer cured at the Spaw Avicen reports in the Chapter of the Cure of Ascites of a Woman which had a great Dropsie and eat an incredible number of Pomegranats whereby she was cured And Varignana reports out of Platearius That an Old Woman boyled the Juyce of Plantane to the Consumption of half and gave it to one that had a Dropsie from a Hot Cause every day and so Cured him By these Examples it is plain That somtimes a Dropsie is Cured with Cold things and to these we may ad the testimony of Christopher a Vega lib. 3. art med sect 8. cap. 12. who saith there We saw one that had a Tympany from the Hot Distemper of the Liver whom we cured with cold things laying upon the Liver the Juyce of Endive and
Succory with a little Vinegar and giving Endive and Succory to be eaten The End of the Eleventh Book THE TWELEFTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Spleen The PREFACE ALthough the Spleen may be afflicted with all kinds of Diseases both Similary Organick and Common yet we will only speak of those which are most ordinary in practice and we will contain them in six Chapters The first shall be of the Inflamation of the Spleen The second of the Pain The third of the Obstruction and Tumor or puffing up of the Spleen The fourth of the Scirrhus or hard Tumor The fifth of Hypochondriack Melancholly The sixth of the Scurvy Chap. 1. Of the Inflamation of the Spleen THe Inflamation of the Spleen is of the same Nature with that of the Liver only it differs in this That it seldom comes from pure but from Melanchollick Blood It hath the same Causes both Conjunct and Antecedent but the Diagnosis or knowledg by signs is different The signs of the Spleen inflamed are swelling and pain in the left side under the Ribs which somtimes reacheth to the Midriff and the left Shoulder also heaviness and beating in the same side a constant Feaver loathing of Meat Thirst blackness of the Tongue trouble som lying on the right side by reason of the heavineâ—s of the part lying upon the Stomach then somtimes troublesom lying upon the left if the Tumor be great for then it is pressed both by the Stomach and the Liver somtimes the Tumor is in the shape of the Spleen somtimes it fills the whol left Hypochondrion somtimes it appears below the Navel when the matter is encreased and when the Inflamation reacheth to the parts adjacent and especially to the Navel These signs are greater or lesser according to the divers mixtures of Humors For if Choller be mixed with Melanchollick Blood the Urine is more red the Mouth bitter the Thirst greater the Feaver stronger and worse every third day great watchings and somtimes doâ—ing if it be mixed with Flegm the Color is pale the Feaver and Thirst is less and the pain less But if the Blood be only Melanchollick the hardness is greater the color is black and somtimes the Urine and there is other signs of Melancholly predominating The Prognostick is almost the same with that of the Liver inflamed but less dangerous because the Liver is the nobler Part. If it kill not the party either it ends in a Crisis or it is dissolved or suppurated or grows hard and turns into a Scirrhus A good Crisis is when the left Nostril bleeds or when there is a purging by Stool or Urine The Cure of this Disease is the same with that of the Liver only observe these Differences First You must open the left Arm in this and not so often as in the Inflamation of the Liver because the Liver being the Fountain of blood wants greater Evacuation That which is reported of the Salvatella Vein to discharge the Spleen so properly is but a conceit and is now out of use you may better take blood out of the Liver Vein called Bastica Secondly You must apply those Topicks or outward Medicines now to the left side Thirdly You must not take such care in the use of binding Medicines outwardly because the Spleen is not so noble a part and needs less strengthening Other things are to be taken out of the Cure of the Inflamation of the Liver Chap. 2. Of the Pain of the Spleen SOmtimes the Spleen is pained without Feaver or hardness and this comes from wind which doth not only stretch the substance of the Spleen which is almost insensible but the Membranes that covereth it It is easily distinguished from the Inflamation by the Feaver and hardness being absent but hardly from the Chollick because the Colon is just under and over the Spleen yet the pain of the Spleen is weighty and in one place but the pain of the Colon is stretching sharp and movable and runs about the whol Belly The Cure of this Disease is with Clysters that are Carminative or that expel wind with convenient purging and with Emollient and Discussing Fomentations mixed with Vinegar As also with Liniments made of Oyl of Lillies Chamomel Capars and Wormwood with a little Spike and Vinegar If the pain remain after the use of these apply a Cupping-glass to the left Hypochondrion if there be no suspition of the Inflamation or Defluxion Chap. 3. Of Obstruction Tumor or Puffing up of the Spleen THe Spleen is no less subject to Obstructions than the Liver but more because it receiveth thicker and fouler blood which is more easily contained in its Veins or insensible Passages by reason of the softness and loosness of the part which is more fit to receive thick Humors And when thick Humors stick in the substance of the Spleen it makes a Tumor and an Inflamation in the part And if the Humor by long continuance grow thick and hard it breeds a Scirrhus but as long as it is moist with Flegm it is like an Oedema or flegmatick Tumor which is most usual with them who live in Marshy moist places or who live upon cold Diet. But if this Tumor be soft and loose it is called simply an Inflamation or puffing up the cause whereof is partly flegm and partly wind They are commonly called Splenitick people who are thus afflicted The Causes of the Obstruction of the Spleen are the same with them of the Liver and this or that part is as it is more or less disposed to receive them Somtimes both Liver and Spleen are affected together for a gross Humor can hardly be in one part but some of it must be carried to the other The Obstruction of the Spleen is distinguished from the Obstruction of the Liver from the Scituation of the part for there is a heaviness in the left Hypochondrion and somtimes pain especially after running oâ— great walking or riding and when you handle the Hypochondrion there is a stretching and resistance Besides the Face is blewish and there are other Signs of Melancholly This Disease is stubborn and of long continuance by reason of the softness and loosness of the part which cannot therefore easily discharge the humor and if it last long and be not Cured speedily it turns into a Scirrhus The Cure is the same with that of the Obstruction of the Liver by adding some things which do more properly respect the Spleen and are fitter to prepare and purge Melancholly The Pills of Ammoniacum which follow are to be added as most excellent and to be used often Take of the best Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar of Squills one ounce the extract of Aloes half an ounce Crystal of Tartar one dram Myrrh and Saffron of each half a dram Mastich Benjamine Salt of Ash and Wormwood of each one scruple with Oxymel of Squills make a mass of Pills The Dose is half a dram twice in a Week with Purging
is opposed with strong Reasons First If it should come of a slimy and thick flegm then it would often be bred in the Brain and the Stomach in which such flegm doth chiefly abound Neither will it suffice to say that there is not sufficient heat in those parts to harden it because according to the Doctrine of Hippocrates and Galen a gentle heat by a continual action is sufficint to congeal and hence is the reason why old men do more often breed the stone when yong men have hotter Kidneys because the matter of the stone lies longer in old mens Reins by reason of the weakness of the expulsive Faculty and so it 's longer concocted by the heat and at length hardened Secondly From Aristotle 2. meteor cap. 4. they which grow together by heat are melted by moisture as Clay But the stone is never dissolved with water Neither doth it hinder to say that a strong heat makes such a Concretion or growing together that it cannot be dissolved by moisture as in Bricks For first in Man there is not so great a heat then the not dissolving of Bricks with Water is not because of the strong heat they had but rather from the disposition of the Clay for Clay made of common Earth although it be baked in a Furnace wil never be hard as a Brick but alwaies be dissolved with moisture Thirdly From Aristotle in the place mentioned the heat that makes concretion must be dry But there is a continual flowing of moisture into the Reins and Bladder therefore such a drying and hardening cannot be in those parts Fourthly Stones bred in Rivers and Fountains in which there is no heat and in some Dens and Holes that are very cold the water that fals turns into a stone from whence strange shapes do arise Therefore we must find another cause besides heat and another Matter besides clammy and glutinous Flegm Fifthly Flegm made hard is like Chalk and is brittle as you may see in the knots of the Joynts But some stones are like flints which they cannot be from Flegm nor is there so much heat in mans Body to make it so This slimy flegm hath deceived the Physitians of all Ages which is found in the Urine of many Patients and they thought it to be the immediate Cause But they were out For first In the stone of the Kidneys such Urines are seldom made but often in the stone of the Bladder But if this were the matter of the stone it would be alike in both Therefore this Matter depends especially upon the proper Disease of the Bladder for it is an Excrement of it distempered The disease of the Bladder is this we have seen in the Bodies of them who have died of the Stone in the Bladder and who voided much of that matter that the bladder grew fleshy as thick as ones finger or thumb so that it filled the whol Cavity and lay next to the stone till by stopping the Urine it killed the Patient But in those who made thin cleer Urine their bladder was not altered The Reason of these accidents are taken out of Hipp. Aph. 66. Sect. 5. If there be no Tumor in great and evil wounds it is evil And Galen gives the Reason because there is a suspition that the Humors which should come by reason of pain to the wound are gone to some noble part Moreover it is Natural to all parts as Galen lib. de diff febr cap. 11. that they which are stronger send that which hurteth them to the weaker nor do they cease so doing till it come to the weakest So when the part wounded is very weak and therefore fit to receive Humors if they come not thither it is a sign that other parts are very weak which cannot send and that others are weaker than the wounded to which the humors are carried Not only the bad Humors are carried to the wound but also good blood which Nature sends to refresh it All these things are in the bladder that hath the stone A great uneven stone or sharp hurts the Tunicle of the Bladder hence comes pain and weakness And Nature to help it sends more than usual blood and the stronger parts send their superfluiteis These the bladder concocteth as much as may be into its self and so groweth thicker But when it cannot take in all especially the evil Humors hence come many foul Excrements which from the Nature of the part turn so flegmatick But in them who have clear Urine either the stone hurteth not which causeth the attraction or some other parts are weaker than the bladder to which the humors flow But because this Doctrine doth destroy an old Opinion we will confirm it by a cleer Example of the Womb. The Womb is Membranous as the bladder but in Women with Child it is rleshy and thick so that in the last months it is two fingers thick because Nature all the time sends much blood to it to nourish the Child which when the Child doth not wholly consume some part of it is taken into the Womb and so it encreaseth The same is in the Bladder though Preternaturally which in the Womb is Natural that when much blood comes to it it coverts it into its self and grows thicker But if without being with Child the Womb be distempered and made weak then Humors superfluous from other parts come to it which when they cannot be taken into its substance turns to the Whites And that flux is a proper Excrement of the Womb as the flegm is of the bladder The same thing is in the Reins though not so often as when by a stone in them there is pain and weakness Nature sends much blood and humors to them which when they cannot be turned into the substance of the part they are turned into a slimy Excrement which is voided in abundance and this vulgar Physitians take for Matter or Pus which is only flegm or mixed with a little Pus as when by the grating of the stone there is an Ulcer Some Modern Writers being converted with the aforesaid Reasons have made a Juyce which will turn into a stone to be the material cause of the stone called Succus Lapidescens and the efficient to be Spiritus Lapidescens They call the former a certain Humor naturally proper to turn into a stone And this they desire to prove by the breeding of stones in the Earth which are by many Authors said to come of Waters and things cast there into to be hardened presently some Waters in Caves to be made Stones and some part of the Wine groweth to the Vessel called Tartar and Urines that are cleer when they are cold grow to the glass And although the peculiar fitness of the Matter to be thus turned is not sufficiently known yet some say they have found it out saying that it is of Salt mixed with Earth Some Salts do grow hard in the Sun and are easily dissolved in Water and if they be
joyned with Earth like themselves by the force of the efficient cause they may be stones So we see in Wines turned to Tartar but Tartar calcined goes all into Salt which shews that it is chiefly made of Salt So in Urines that have much Salt especially in those which have slimy matter we see a tartarous Matter cleaving to the glass This Salt Matter which is mixed with the Urine comes from Meat and Drink so affected and they are cast forth in a sound Body nor are they retained in the Reins when the efficient Cause is absent We have called the efficient Cause Spiritum Lapidisicum or a Spirit that makes a stone Fernelius calls it a stony disposition which is in the Reins commonly Haereditarily But we like the foremost Title best For first some have stones which have them not Haereditarily if they eat or drink things that breed them because in them there is both the Material and Efficient Cause therefore the Hermets impute the Efficient Cause of stones to their proper seeds which in a Matter rightly disposed produce their form Moreover Many Histories shew that Stones come from a Stone making Spirit of Men Beasts and other things turned into Stones by a Breath or Spirit out of the Earth So in Aventinus lib. 7. Annal. Bavar an 1343. that more than fifty Country men and their Cows were turned into Stones And so saies Ortellius in his Description of Russia of whol Heards of Cattel So also Camerarius reports of a South wind that bloweth some times of the yeer in the Province of Chilo in Armenia by the blasts whereof whol Troops of Horses are suddenly turned into Statues of Stone and stand in the same rank and file in which they were This Stone making Spirit is not only in the Reins of those which have this Disease but also in the Juyce of those things that are eaten and drunk separated from them so that somtimes both come together Hence it is that some that eat but any Meats that incline to the breeding of the stone do presently produce it because there is a Stone-breeding disposition or Stone-making Spirit in their Reins But if their Reins be free from this Spirit such meat will not breed stones because their stone-making force is not strong enough without the assistance of the Reins to convert that matter into stone On the Contrary if the stone-making power be greater in the meats that are taken and they are often eaten stones will be bred although the Kidneys have no such disposition or stone-making Spirit So we see in divers places where the Water or Wine are full of stone-making juyce the greatest part of the Inhabitants are subject to the stone as we may see in Ovid concerning the Thracians in these Verses The Thracian Waters all things Marble make Their Guts turn Stone that inwardly them take And contrary If there be that stone-making vertue in the Kidneys it makes stones of any nourishment though never so wholsom So about three yeers since I saw one who for three or four months voided more than twelve little stones every day by Urine when all that while he kept his bed very sick and fed only upon Broth and Panadoes The Antecedent and Primary Causes either respect the supply of Matter for the stone or the constitution of the Reins by reason whereof the stones do more easily grow The Stomach Liver Spleen and Reins do much cause the breeding and heaping up of Matter for the stone chiefly the Stomach if it do not wel concoct there is a crude Chyle brought to the Liver and from thence impure and Earthy Juyces are sent with the Serum or Water into the Reins A hot liver doth bake the Chylous Matter and makes it fit to breed a stone as also being too cold it makes crude blood most fit for the same purpose A Spleen weak or stopped or otherwise disturbed doth not sufficiently purge the drossie part of the blood but sends part of it to the Reins which will more easily be turned into a stone And lastly the Reins besides their conjunct cause which is a stony disposition are an Antecedent Cause in two respects namely in respect of their Temper and of their Form In regard of their hot Temper they more violently draw the Stone-making Matter and thicken it more but in respect of their Form they are an Antecedent Cause if the Emulgent Veins are more loose so that that thick and Tartarous Matter may be more easily received into the Reins or if the Ureters and those Vessels that send the serous Matter to them be too narrow so that the thick Matter hath not a free passage but is retained in the Reins Thick and slimy Nourishment doth chiefly afford Matter for the Stone such as are full of Salt as Beef Pork Hairs Geese or things dried in the Smoak or poudered as Salt-fish Shel-fish Eeles Pulse Chees and all Milk meats hard Eggs Chesnuts Pears Quinces Medlars unleavened Bread and Rice thick Wine sharp or black or new Wine not purged standing Waters and such as are full of stone-breeding Juyce To these add very hot Meats as Pepper Ginger Garlick Onions old strong Wine which makes the Liver and Reins too hot too strong Diureticks which carry the Matter that will cause the Disease too violently to the Reins thick Garments Down Beds Baths inordinate Lechery which is a great Enemy to the Reins violent Exercue especially after meat too much feeding or long fasting great anger and other passions The Signs of the Stone taken by themselves are equivocal and common to other Diseases but if you consider them all together you may have certain Knowledg by them The First Sign is a fixed pain about the Loyns somtimes heavy when the Stone is fastened to the substance which being of a dull sence hath a weighty pain but as often as the Stone gets into the Head of the Ureters then it causeth a sharp and pricking pain and this is called the Nephritical pain or pain of the Reins and it continueth while the stone is there neither will it cease to torment the Patient till the stone get into the Cavity of the Bladder or turn back into the hollow of the Kidneyes The Second Sign is bloody Urine which comes from the opening or corrosion of the Veins which are dispersed into the substance of the Reins which comes from the rubbing of the Stone that sticks in the substance but if there be but little blood voided being mixed with Urine it looseth its color so that the Urine looks like a Lye This Sign is not alwaies but somtimes depends upon other causes But when it doth appear it is one of the chief which distinguisheth the Stone from the Chollick It useth to be caused by riding much walking and other violent exercise for then the stone if it be rough and snaggy being removed from its place doth cut and tear the tender Flesh of the Kidneyes The Third Sign is thin Urine
Julep of Violets to cool him thus Take of the pouder of Sows prepared one scruple Aqua vitae two scruples red Pease Broth eight ounces Mix them and give it six hours before meat Thus Augenius Sennertus in his Chapter of the Stone in the Bladder tels a famous story of William Lauremberg Professor of Rostoch who being old and troubled with the stone was unwilling to be cut and therfore sought for other Remedies First he tried the famous Water against the Stone which is so much prized by Princes which is thus made Take of Salt of white Tartar one ounce Parsley Water one pint Mix them and strain them with a brown Paper and with Orange peels make it yellow He used also the Indian Jewel called in Spanish Igiada which is most famous for breaking the Stone but both to no purpose Therfore be desired to make tryal of the Medicine of Sows which Horatius Augenius saith cured two yong men In imitation of whom after general Physick and good Diet he took of Sows one scruple the Spirit of Juniper two scruples red Pease Broth ten ounces which he took in the morning but the first and second time he found a straightness in his Breast and a fainting so that he was constrained to take one dram of Treacle with the Potion and so used it fifteen daies but all this while he voided no gravel And then he added other things and made it thus Take of prepared Sows two ounces a Hares and Goats Blood prepared wild Rose Flowers and purple Violet seeds of each one ounce Species Lithontribi two scruples mix them for an Antidote of which take two scruples the Diuretick Decoction ten ounces the Spirit of Juniper two scruples Which Medicine after he had taken it the second time at five a clock in the morning four hours after he felt a great pain under the Os Publis about the Neck of the Bladder A little after he made a little Water and therewith some thin red things like scales of fishes which though they seemed to be slimy yet when they were touched turned to sand So that it plainly appeared that they were the outside of the Stone By the continuance of this Medicine every fourth or fifth day he voided the like scales and somtimes bigger pieces especially when he used a sweet bath But when the neck of the bladder was wounded by the fragments and the stone he used Medicines to asswage pain and by the use of these Medicines was in seventeen months cured The Decoction was Take of Liquoris four scruples Roots of Marsh-mallows Couch-grass Rest-harrow of each half an ounce Winter Cherries twenty red Pease six ounces Raisons one ounce the four great cold Seeds of each one scruple Barley two handfuls Boyl them in Winter Cherry Water Rest-harrow Strawberry and Bean Flower Water of each one pint and an half to the straining add of the Syrup of Marsh-mallows four ounces The Sows are thus prepared Take of live Sows two pound wash them in Rest-harrow Water then drown them in Spanish Wine then powr the Wine out and put them in Glasses the more Glasses the better because then they will dry better Put these Glasses well stopt into the Oven when the Bread is drawn that they may dry gently till they will pouder then put some Spanish Wine upon this Pouder as much as it will take in and dry it again do so thrice and fourthly wash it with this Liquor Take of Straw-berry Water three ounces Spirit of Vitriol half a dram mix them Then dry it and make it fine and keep it in a Glass for your use Besides the aforesaid the use of the distilled Water of Goats blood or of the Urin of a Goat newly slain which was formerly mentioned in the Stone of the Kidneys If the Stone cannot be broken with Medicines necessity requireth the manual operation though it be dangerous lest the Patient die with lingering pain This requires a skilful and wel exercised Artist and that it may have good success as we have observed It is the Duty of the Physitian before the operation to prepare the body by bleeding purging and diet as the state of the business requireth And observe that the taking away of a stone from a Woman hath no danger because it is done only by enlarging the Passage of the Urine which in them is very short If the Patient fear cutting or want a good Chyrurgion he may use asswaging Medicines least the Stone should cut and ulcerate the neck of the bladder such as are prescribed for heat of Urine But if a stone fastened in the neck of the bladder stop the Urine it must be shaken back with lying upon the back with the leg up and the body shaked and then by a good somentation or bath and with a Catheter let the stone be sent back into the bladder Chap. 3. Of the Inflamation of the Reins and Bladder BEcause the Inflamation of the Reins and Bladder are cured with the same Medicines therefore we will put them in the same Chapter although the Signs are different as shall be shewed This Inflamation is a Tumor of those Parts from the flowing of Blood or Choller unto them This is not very ordinary because the substance of those parts is solid and thick but somtimes it happeneth because the Kidneys are fleshy and apt to receive blood but the Bladder though it be without blood and spermatick because it receives blood for its Nourishment through the smal Veins is without question subject to Inflamation by too much blood as other Membranes of the Brain or Meninges the Pleura Mediastinum and the like We said that these Inflamations come from Blood or Choller as when Flegm or Melancholly in the Blood make the parts thicker because they cannot pierce into their thick substance The Causes of this Disease are either from things Natural not Natural or Pretematural From Natural things when there is a Natural Infirmity of those parts from the Parents or a great loosness of them a great heat originally in them by which they draw plenty of Humors In Youth these conduce much to an Inflamation From things not Natural as much Venery which weakeneth those parts and draws much blood or other Humors to them Gluttony Drunkenness and eating of Salt and Spiced Meats great Passions of the Mind lying upon the back in a soft bed great Exercise stoppage of some great Eâ—acuations as of the Months and Hemorrhoids or usual bleeding at the Nose those things which cause repletion and evil concoction and drive the humors to the inward bowels From Preternatural things as a stroak or wound upon the Reins or about the Bladder a pressing or bruise of those parts constant Feavers foulness of the Vessels or other parts that purge themselves by Urine as in a Pleurisie Empyema or imposthume in the side Obstruction of the Spleen breaking of the Mesentery and the like And lastly Disease of those parts do cause Inflamation as the stone
a drachm Saffron one scruple With clarified Honey make all into a Pessarie which put into a warm thin rag and conveigh into the Womb but let it not abide long there for fear of inflamation Pilulae Cochiae minores brought into the form of a Pessarie doth excellently move the Courses Also injections are wont to be made into the Womb which are wont to be called Womb-Clysters for they wash away the filth which cleaves to the sides of the Womb and they open the internal Orifices of the Veins Now they are made of the Decoction of the Fomentation aforesaid â—leaving out the more sharp things or with a Decoction of fat Figs with Mugwort Penyroyal and Mercury or of the juyce of Mercury alone purified in which a little Benedicta Laxativa is dissolved For we must by no meanes use more sharp Ingredients for fear of Inflamation Yea and after the use of the aforesaid Injections which ought to be retained but an hour it will be good to Inject a Decoction of Mallows Barley and Violet leaves or a little Hydromel tempered with Whey of Goats-Milk In an old inveterate Disease Issues made in the Legs may do very much good For although Sennertus approves not of them because they rather derive from the Womb and teach the humors which were wont to flow unto the Womb to come rather that way and hinder their inclinations to the Womb Yet have they been found to do much good by the frequent experiences of Mercurialis Varandaeus and others For by those Issues the superfluous humors are continually evacuated and the Course of the humors is guided into the inferior parts And the derivation of superfluous humors from the Womb is so far from hindring the Flux of Courses to the Womb that it rather furthers the same by making the Blood more pure and more obedient to the command of Nature which with the Humors aforesaid is not drawn unto the Issues And hereunto that these Humors if they be not by these waies evacuated being retained inthe Veins they double the Obstructions and so do augment the suppression of Courses Howbeit We are of opinion that the menstrual purgations being restored to their due Course the Issues ought to be closed up that Nature may accustome her self to exclude superfluous Humors by the Womb. In the Use of the Remedies aforesaid some precepts are to be observed worthy of Note First That we must never use Medicines that move the Courses but after Universal Purgations least the Humors being plentifully carried to the Veins of the Womb should increase Obstructions or being much attenuated should reach into other parts of the Body and produce grievous Diseases As Schenkius relates in his Observations that a Physitian of Venice gave a Woman that wanted her Courses a certain Apozeme to move them not having first purged her Body of Flegm and a little after she had taken her Apozeme she fell into a Palsey Secondly That in giving such things as bring down the Courses we must begin with the gentler proceeding by little and little to such as are stronger Thirdly That Medicaments procuring the Flux of the Courses must be given in greater quantity than ordinary because their vertue is abated in their long passage from the Stomach unto the Womb. Fourthly That the Medicaments aforesaid are to be given either in the morning when the Patient is fasting or somtimes at her going into or coming out of the Bath For so the Medicine slipping into a warm and opened Body doth powerfully exercise it's strength and this it doth yet more effectually if it be given a little before the inferior Veins be opened Fifthly That Pessaries and Womb-Clysters or Injections are only to be prescribed to married Women and such as have been carnally imbraced by Men but to Virgins we must prescribe Nascalia viz. Wool dipped in the Medicament Fomentations Baths to sit in and Suffumagations Sixtly In Cholerick or Melanchollick Constitutions all hot Medicaments are to be avoided and only the gentler and milder sort are to be used and with them temperate Aperitines or openers as also moistning and softning Medicaments are to be mixed Chap. 3. Of the Immoderate Flux of the Courses WOmens monthly Courses being moderate in quantity and flowing in due season are Natural But if they exceed in quantity or come too often or stay too long They are to be accounted Immoderate and besides the intent of Nature The Causes of this Immoderate coming down of the Courses are the same which we in it's proper place have shewed do concur to Cause spitting of Blood viz. An opening of the ends of the Veins a soaking of the blood through the Coates of the Veins a forcible rending of the Veins and heir being eaten through by sharp humors all which are caused by the bloods over great abundance Heat Thinness or Sharpness By some blow fall or wound Which we have at large declared in our Speculations touching spitting of blood so that it is needless here to repeat the same Let the reader be pleased to peruse that Chapter The Signes of this Infirmity are either of the Disease it self or of it's Cause Immoderate Flux of the Courses is known by the il-bearing of the Patient decay of strength want of appetite to meat indigestion of Humors ill Habit of the whole Body colour of face like a dead Corps swelling of the Legs and other more grievous maladies caused by decay of Natural heat past away in the Blood To know the Causes observe these signes following A thin Habit of Body and softness of the Flesh with such a diet as tends to increase the wheyish and thinner parts of the Blood and especially the Blood it self appearing thin and watry in the cloaths coming from the Patient doth shew that the Blood hath soaked through the Veins That the Immoderate Flux is caused by an opening of the ends of the Veins or a breaking of their Coates is known by the Foregoing of Wounds Falls or Bruises by the use of dancings long outcries carrying unusual weights by a Person corpulent and full of Blood By some foregoing great heat extream Cold Immoderate carnal imbraces great Anger and the like The same may also happen after fore labor in Child-birth or by the unskilful handling of a Midwife after a miscarriage or after a long stoppage of the monthly Blood which makes the same being collected in too a great quantity breaks out on a sudden with violence That there is an Exulceration in the Womb whereby the Veins are eaten through appears by the Bloods dropping out by little and little with a sence of pain and sharpness and by the Bodies being replenished with salt and sharp Humors Also the blood which comes away is at first Matterish Wheyish Blackish or Yellow and afterward if the Exulceration increase some bits of the parts affected are eaten off whereupon follows a great effusion of Blood hard to be stopped Also there have proceeded such things as are wont to
Leaves dried three pugils juyce of Plantane a pound the Roots of the larger Comfry being green and braised two ounces the Herb Hors-tail or Shave-grass one handful the pulp Choak-â—ears and Quinces of each two ounces Purslain two handfuls Bole Armonick one ounce Balaustians and the three sorts of Sanders of each half an ounce Let all these be distilled in an Alembick Let Patient take of this Water three ounces mixed with half an ounce of Syrup of Purslain or of dried Roses For the more tender sort of Women Broths may be made of Calves feet with Plantane Leaves or Bloodwort Or to thicken the Blood a Broth may be made of red Rose-Water alone and the Yolks of new laid Eggs. Likewise Conserve of Bramble Roses is good for them being often used especially if their Liver be distempered with heat In all Fluxes of Blood Practitioners do use to administer Water and Vinegar in a large quantity to be drunk down But in this Flux of the Courses it is to be feared as an Enemy to the Womb which is a Menbranous Part. Among the Specifick or appropriated Medicines are reckoned Filipendula Roots with the outer Rind of the Mulberry-tree Root whose Pouders are administred to the quantity of a dram in some convenient Liquor The Flowers of the Nut-trees are gathered when they are ripe and ready to fall and poudered and adram given in a Cup of Wine warmed in the mornings for divers daies together Solenander witnesseth that all are cured with this Medicament Also it hath a peculiar propriety to help fits of the Mother Spicknard in very fine Pouder and taken to a dram in some convenient Liquor stops the Courses Also being conveighed into the Womb in Lint Wool Cotton rude Silk c. Milk in which red hot Steel hath been quenched being drunk many daies together is very effectuâ—lin an old flux of the Courses for it the sharpness of the Humors and thickens them it nourisheth the Body and stops the Flux Avicenna Rhasis and the rest of the Arabian Physitians extol this Medicine to the Skies and so doth Horatius Augenius a noted Italian Phylitian Yet it is not to be used if we suspect the Body is not yet cleer of the vicious Humors The Acid Mineral Springs whether they have their Tincture from Vitriol Iron or Allum Mines do much conduce to the stoppage of immoderate Courses both by removing the Causes and by strengthening the Bowels affected The Chymists do much commend the Tincture of Coral and Vitriolum Martis Vitriolated Steel and many other Medicines which you shall find in their Books Let the Patient use to drink the Decoction of Mastich Yarrow or of the dried Lentisch or Mastich tree Also the Lentisch or Mastich Wood may be steeped in black harsh Wine which doth very much strengthen the Bowels and stop defluxions It must be diligently remembred That in an old Flux very astringent and thickening Medicaments are not to be used long together For it is to be feared lest they should fill straighten and shut up the secret passages of the Body and so breed Obstructions and very much hurt the principal Bowels which are wont to suffer very much in this Disease But it is much better to persist in the use of such things as strengthen the Liver which have some astriction but so moderate as can do no harm Ludovicus Septalius in his Medicinal Animadversions in the 144. Article gives such commendations of the Decoction of Orange Peels as of a Medicine that never fails that it will worth our while to transcribe his very words When such Medicines as these quoth he have been judiciously administred in the next place such Medicines as havea thickening and astringing quality are to be used among which there is one which I cannot omit to set down wherewith I have cured almost an infinite Number of Women troubled with this Infirmity which I kept long as a Secret and afterwards communicated to some yong Students whom I did inform in the Art of practising Physick and now publish the same to the whol World for the good of Man-kind which Medicine hath scarce ever failed me when there was no Vessel of the Womb exulcerated that fed the Flux It is a Medicine easily gotten and easily made thus Take Seven pints of Water boyl therein the rinds of three sowr Orrenges not throughly ripe being cut into little thin bits or chips and boyl them till two parts of the Water be consumed Give eight or nine ounces of the strained Liquor to the Patient in the morning to drink If you would have it more effectual put an handful of Mous-ear into it when it is almost boyled And it will be yet more powerful if you boyl it in Tunbridg water or the like Medicinal Spring water or if you boyl the aforesaid Ingredients in eight pints of water till two third parts be consumed and then strain it and quench red hot Steel divers times therein Externally this flux may be stopped by Medicaments applied to the outward parts of the Patients Body And in the first place Fomentations may be thus made Take the Roots of Bistort Adder-wort Tormentil and the peels of Pomegranates of each one ounce The Leaves of Plantane Knot-grass Shepheards-purse and Hors-tail of each one handful Cypress Nuts Balaustians Myrtle-berries Sumach of each one ounce Boil them in Water that hath had Iron quenched in it and in red harsh Wine mixed together Strain out the liquor and Bath therewith the whole Share and Privy-parts warmish but not hot Also Boil a piece of Sea-sponge in strong Vinegar and lay it upon the Patients Share and Privities and it wil powerfully stop the immoderate Flux of Courses A Bath made of the aforesaid Decoction the Dose Being augmented will be good for the Patient to sit in But care must be taken that it be not hot but only warmish otherwise it wil by it's heat the more open the Veins of the Womb. A Bath made of the Decoction of Allum is very effectual but it causeth barrenness After Fomenting and Bathing the Patient must be anointed upon her Loyns her Share and Privities and between the Water-gate and the Dung-gate which space is called Perinoeum and wants an English name with an Oyntment made as followeth Take Oyl of Mirtles of Mastich and of Quinces of each one ounce Bole-Armoniack Dragons-blood and Carabe of each one drachm Vinegar one spoonful Make all into an Oyntment Vnguentum Comitissa may also be used or Vnguentum de bolo newly made or this following Cerate which is very effectual Take Ship-pitch half anounce Male Frankinsence one ounce Mastich half an ounce Turpentine one ounce Dragons-blood Red Roses of each two drams Make thereof a Cerate to be applied to the Reins of the Back Plaisters are also profitably applied unto the Navil and Loyns made of the Mass of Plaister against Ruptures the Plaister against the Mother and of Mastich Plaister either alone or mingled together Or of the Plaister of Vigo
Expellers of Melancholly must be mingled according as Choller or Melancholly is adjoyned to the Humor offending An Apozeme therefore may be appointed both altering and purging for four or five daies by way of a solemn purgation alwaies remembring that to the purging Medicaments some astringent and corroborating things are to be added lest the Humors of the Body being stirred should fall more abundantly into the Womb. Touching Blood-letting it is a question whether it be convenient in this Disease or not For seeing this Flux is caused by ill Humors in the Body which by Blood-letting are drawn into the Veins and so may corrupt the Mass of Blood it seems there is in this case no place for bleeding Also since in this lingring Disease the Patients strength is much abated and the Body often brought into a Consumption it seems unsit to weaken it yet more by blood-letting and so defrauding it of its nourishment Which Controversie is thus decided That if the flux be not pure and simple but in some measure mingled with Blood and it appear reddish that then a Vein may be opened as also if the Liver be very much heated and the sharpness of Choller be joyned with the flux In other Cases especially if the flux have endured long it is better to abstain from Blood-letting Bindings of the upper parts of the Body and Cupping-glasses applied to the shoulder-blades and to the back wil be very useful to draw the Humors upward also rubbings of those parts wil be specially profitable first with finer and softer cloaths than with rougher and courser which Galen dayly practised upon the Wife of Boetius whom he cured in the space of thirteen daies as himself relates in his Book of Prognosticks dedicated to Posthumus Chap. 8. And besides the Universal Purgation already propounded ordinary Purgations are also to be administred and frequently reiterated that the superfluity of Excrements may be the better evacuated by little and little and that Nature may get a custom to void those Humors by stool which formerly had their recourse unto the Womb. To this intent Magisterial Syrups Pills and usual Opiates may be compounded suitable to the temper of the Patient and the Humors offending In this Disease caused by â—legm Mercatus commends a Syrup of the Decoction of Lignum vitae with Senna Turbith and Agarick as also the following Pills Take of the Mass of Pills of Hiera picra one dram Agarick trochiscated one dram and an half with Honey of Roses make them into Pills of which let the Patient take early in the morning six or seven every third day afterward only three of them every fift or sixt day Or for the greater Astriction as wel as purging they may be thus compounded in whatever Complexion Take Choyce Rhubarb oft-times sprinkled with the Juyce of Roses two drams Citrine colored white and black Myrobalans steeped in the Juyce of Roses of each one dram Mastich one scruple Spicknard half a scruple With Syrup of Roses make all into a Mass of Pills Let the Dose be one dram twice in a week For a Flux arising of Serosity or Wheyish Excrements Jallap is most excellent which may be thus used Take Jallap finely poudered one dram Cinnamon finely poudered half a scruple Mix them and with a draught of Chicken Broth give it the Patient in the morning A Laxative Ptisan dayly taken for a month together hath cured a stubborn Flux of Whites when nothing else could as is to be seen in our Book of Medicinal Observations Vomiting is likewise much commended in this Disease especially in such as are easie to vomit because such indigested humors as are wont to be gathered about the Stomach are hereby both evacuated and powerfully revelled or drawn back from the Womb. Among convenient Vomits Diasarum of Fernelius his Invention is commended half an ounce whereof given in Water and Honey or with one ounce of Oxymel and warm Chicken Broth twice or thrice in a month moves three or four Vomits without any trouble After sufficient Purgations sweat may be procured to expel the remnants of the Excrementitious Humor and also to cause a further Revulsion of the Humors falling into the Womb. To this intent a Decoction of Lignum vitae and Sassaphras will be good in such as are flegmatick and of China and Sarsaparilla in such as are Chollerick and Melanchollick cooling and temperate Herbs being added lest the evil Humors be more exasperated and become more sharp Or Sweat may be provoked by a Decoction of hot Herbs as Nep Calaminth Fennel Hysop Elicampane Chamomel Dill and such like the evaporation of which Herbs being artificially received upon the Patients Body will procure sweat A Bath may also be made of the same Decoction by which sweat may be provoked But in hotter Constitutions a Bath of fresh fair Water blood-warm will be sufficient in which moderate and gentle sweats only may be procured Sulphurous Baths do also powerfully cause sweat and consume the reliques of this Disease and by help of such Baths we have known some Women cured that no other means could help As touching Piss-driving Medicines it s a weighty question whether or no they are fit to be administred in this Disease For they do not only provoke Urine but the Courses likewise by heating and attenuating the Humors contained in the Veins Yet are they allowed by all Authors and by Galen himself who used them in the Cure of the Wife of Boetius And the reason is Because Piss-drivers do provoke Urine Primarily and the Courses Secondarily and as it were by accident or chance Again the Kidneys do perpetually draw Wheyish Humors unto themselves whereas the Womb does only receive them whereupon it is credible that the greatest part of such Humors will have recourse into the waies of Urine Now the Piss-driver which Galen used in the foresaid Woman is a Decoction of Asarum and Smallage in fair Water howbeit it will be better temper'd if it be made in Succhory Water A more compounded Piss-driving Broth may be thus made Take the Roots of Asarum and of Smallage of each one ounce Leaves of Calaminth and Soldanella of each one handful Elder flowers half a handful Polypody and Carthamus seeds of each half an ounce boyl all to a pint Give five ounces of the Liquor or Broth strained in the morning If you would make it purgative add a little Agarick and a little Turbith boyled with the rest in a Rag. It 's questioned whether Issues in the Legs are good for this Disease for by drawing the Humors downwards they may decrease the Flux Howbeit experience hath shewed that they do good in old Fluxes because by such passages some part of the Excrementitious Humor is voided If Chollerick and sharp Humors cause this Disease not only purgers of Choller are to be given but likewise Alteratives which cool and thicken and are moderately Astringent such as these Juleps following Take of the leaves of Succory with the
roots of Endive Borrage Lettice and Purslain of each half an handful of new Sebestens and Jujubes of each seven in number of the four greater cool Seeds and white Poppy Seeds of each half a drachm of red Rose-leaves a pugil Boil al in Water sufficient unto a pint and in the strained liquor dissolve Syrup of Quinces or of dried Red Roses three ounces and make a Julep for three Doses But if Melanchollick humors abound they are to be altered and Purged away by Medicines proper to that intent The use of Chalybeate milk taken forty daies together the quantity of four or five ounces is very proper for either of the aforesaid Humors whereunto may be added towards the end a little Bolearmoniack or Terra Sigillata In the whole Course of Curing it is to be considered whether any part of the Body be misaffected and so may send the matter of the Flux into the Womb and if so then care must be taken for the use of that part For if Humors flowing from the Brain do cause this Disease Remedies are to be applied to that part especially such as revel and divert the Fluxion viz. Cupping-glasses frequently fastned upon the shoulders and Back Medicines snuft up into the Nostrils Masticatories Vesicatories and Issues made in the hinder part of the Head or in the nape of the Neck instead where of Setous may be used which are more effectual And Febritius Hildanus in the forty one Cure of his first Century relates that he cured a Woman long troubled with the Whites and thereby Barren by a Seton If the Humors flow from the Stomach Liver or any other part suitable Remedies must be applied to that part The Body being prepared and the offending Humor for the most part evacuated or derived another way We must proceed to corroborating and Astringent Medicaments But they must never be used until the Antecedent matter be wel evacuated and diverted Otherwise those Humors retained do rush into the more noble parts and stir up more grievous Symptoms As Galen in the afore-cited place relates to have befallen the Wife of Boetius Whose Belly swelled by meanes of the unseasonable use of Astringents by which the Wheyish Humors were retained in her Body which were wont to pass away in the Flux It is likewise to be remembred that whilst we are in the use of Astringent Remedies we do then divert the Antecedent Matter and hinder the same from increasing by the Remedies aforesaid Amongst these principal corroborating Medicines Treacle is reckoned which is to be used in flegmatick Constitutions Conserve of Roses and of Wormwood may be mingled with the Treacle Or the following Opiate may be compounded Take Conserve of Rosemary flowers one ounce Conserve of Calamus Aromaticus two drachms Species of Diarrhodon Abbatis and of Aromaticum Rosatum of each one drachm Red Coral prepared half a drachm Treacle two drachms with Syrup of preserved Citron peeles Make all into an Electuary Or Take old Conserve of Red Roses Roots of Comfry Bugloss and Citron peeles of each one ounce Red Coral burnt shavings of Ivory Bole-armoniack Terra Sigillata Dragons-blood of each one drachm with Syrup of Red Roses dried make all into an Opiate The pouder of Sage Salsa-parilla and Baula stians taken every morning in broath is the Court-Ladies Medicine Zecheus commends this following Electuary which he had often used with happy Success Take Gum Arabick and Gum Tragacanth of each two drachms white and red Coral burnt Eg-shels Harts-horn Dill seeds Amber of each four Scruples Honey of Roses as much as will make all into an Electuary Of which give half an ounce two hours before meat Let the Patient swallow it down and drink after it four ounces of Plantane Water mingled with two drachms of red Wine Juleps may be made of Rose-water Knotgrass and Plantane waters with the Syrup of Myrtles dried Roses and the like Some of the aforesaid pouders being added Mercurialis saies he frequently used a Decoction of Oak-leaves with the Runnet of an Hare wherewith he cured many Women of this Disease His manner of making his Medicine was thus Take of the Decoction of Oak-leaves five or six ounces of the Runnet of an Hare one dram Let her take this Medicine eight or then daies When the Disease comes from Choller the following Syrup may be prepared which is strengthening Astringent and cooling Thus Take red Rose Water four pints Spirit of Vitriol so much as will make the Water a little sharp but so as scarce to be perceived by taste red Roses dried three pugils Steep them in the Water cold two daies Sâ—ain it and add thereto so much Sugar of Roses as will make a Syrup And Finally Those Astringent remedies mustred up in the former Chapter touching the Immoderate Flux of Courses may be likewise useful in this Cure The Patient may use instead of ordinary drink a Diet drink of China-roots or Mastich wood with Astringent Wine mingled The same time that the Patient takes in such things as are Astringent and do strengthen the Womb she must likewise use outward Remedies applied to the place affected viz. Fomentations Baths to sit it Oyntments Plaisters Injections Fumigations and Pessaries such as have been prescribed against Immoderate Courses But before these external Astringents are applied the Womb must be well clensed Otherwise such impurities would be therein retained as returning back into the Body may cause more grievous Diseases And in our clensing we must regard the Humor offending for one sort of Clensers are fit for Flegmatick another for Chollerick Humors If the Humor be Chollerick let the Clensing Injections be made of Barley-Water Whey Water sweetened with Sugar If it be Flegmatick let them be made of Hydromel or of the Decoction of Wormwood Fever-few and the like Also a Detergent Pessary may be made of Treacle and Turpentine or of Mercury leaves bruised and wrapped up in a fine Linnen rag very thin worn Let the Patient use these Clensers before the Astringents be applied until her Womb be well purified which may be known if little or no Humors come therefrom After the Use of the Clensers the Fumes are first to be received over a Close-stool because they dry and strengehen the Womb and they may fitly be made of Frankinsence Ladanum Mastich Sanders Nutmeg and Red-Rose leaves And afterwards we must proceed to other Astringent Remedies Chap. 5. Madness from the Womb. WOmb-Furie is a sort of Madness arising from a vehement and unbridled desire of Carnal Imbracement which desire disthrones the Rational Faculy so far that the Patient utters wanton and lascivious Speeches in all places and companies and having cast off all Modesty madly seeks after Carnal Copulation and invites men to have to do with her in that way This Immoderate desire of Carnal Conjunction springs from the abundance of Seed from it's Acrimony and heat transcending the bounds of Nature whereby it is made to heave and work in the Seminal vessels as
which by a peculiar property diminish and cool the Seed Among which take these that follow for example Take Leaves of Water-lilly Willow Agnus Castus of each four handfuls Lettice Purslain Penny-wort or Two-penny Grass of each a handful the four larger cooling Seeds Lettice and white Poppy seeds of each half an ounce Dill seeds two drams the flowers of Water-lilly and Violets of each one handful Let all be stamped being fresh and let them be sprinkled with Juyce of Lemmons and distilled in Balneo Mariae and to every pint of the Water add a dram of Camphire Let the Patient take an ounce divers times Or of all or some of the Simples aforesaid a Decoction may be made and sweetened with Sugar and a little Camphire put to it to be taken divers times one after another Or an Emulsion may be made of the greater cool Seeds Lettice seeds and white Poppy seeds extracted with the Waters of Lettice Willow and Water-lillies and sweetened with Syrup of Violets An Electuary may be prescribed after this manner Take Conserve of the Flowers of Water-lillies Violets and Agnus Castus of each half an ounce Conserve of Roses half an ounce Lettice Stalks preserved one ounce Coral and Smaragd prepared of each one dram with Syrup of Violets and water-lillies make an Opiate In the greatest extremity of the Patients raving such things as procure sleep are very profitable both inward and outward Medicaments as they are set down in the Cure of Phrenzy and Madness In the whol course of the Disease Clysters which cool and gently purge are to be used taking heed of sharp Clysters and such as vehemently purge which do exagitate the Humor contained in the Womb or its Vessels whereby the Symptomes are wont to become more fiery Also Injections may be made into the Womb of the Decoction of such Herbs as have formerly been set down for Baths and other Remedies whereunto Sal Saturni may profitably be added Frequent Clysters may likewise be good to the same intent being made of Vinegar allaied with Water Also cooling Oyntments are to be applied to the Loyns Privity the Share and between the Water-gate and the Dung-gate made of Oyl of Water-lillies Oyntment of Roses Vnguentum Album Camphoratum with the Juyces of Nightshade Henbane and Water-lillies melted together adding a little Camphire Also a Plate of Lead is good to be worn continually upon the Reins In regard of the immediate Cause seeing the evacuation of the sharp and corrupted Seed may cure the Disease it is very good Advice in the Beginning of the Disease before the Patient begins manifestly to rave or in the space between her fits when she is pretty well to marry her to a lusty yong man For so the Womb being satisfied and the offensive Matter contained in its Vessels being emptied the Patient may peradventure be cured But if the Patient cannot so conveniently be married or the condition of her life will not bear that estate some advise that the Genital Parts should be by a cunning Midwise so handled and rubbed as to cause an Evacuation of the over-abounding Sperm But that being a thing not so allowable it may fuffice whilst the Patient is in the Bath to rub gently her Belly on the Region of the Womb not coming neer the Privy parts that the luke-warm temper of the Water may moderate the hotness of the Womb and that it may by the moisture be so relaxed as of its own accord to expel the Seminal Excrement and that nothing else be done with the hand save a little to open the Womb so as the Water may pass into its more inward parts forasmuch as the water will operate as much as any of those Medicines which are used to extinguish the seed withal Pessaries may be compounded to the same intent of the Leaves of Mercury bruised with a little Mirrh or the Pouder of Aristolochia or Birthwort which must be put up when the Patient is in the Bath lest otherwise the VVomb should be over-heated and after an hour it must be taken away And afterward let an Injection be made into the VVomb of VVhey or Barley water with a little Juyce of Nightshade Housleek or Hemlock which is specially commended in this Disease To purge out the Seed the following Bolus or Morsel will be very profitable Take of Venice Turpentine three drams Agaricktrochiscated one dram Carrot seed Hemp-seed and Lignum Aloes poudered of each eight grains With Sugar make all into a Bolus or Morsel to be swallowed If the Disease do yet continue let Issues be made in her Thighs for nothing is better than by such meanes to draw the matter downward from the Womb to those inferior parts And if swellings of the Spleen shall arise and Obstructions during this Cure as it often times happens they must be carefully cured with their proper Medicaments Finally Because in this Disease the Brain and Heart are grievously affected by reason of Vaporsarising from the Womb they are both of them diligently to be provided for the Brain being secured by rubbing and chafing the lower parts and by Cupping-glasses frequently fastened upon the Hipps and Groins and the heart defended by Cordial things out wardly applied both Liquid and Solid such as are described in our Chapter touching decay of strength Chap. 6. Of the Mother-Fits or Womb-sickness WHen Seed and Menstrual Blood are retained in Women besides the intent of Nature they putrefie and are corrupted and attain a malignant and venemous quality from whence venemous Vapors are elevated and carried to divers parts of the Body from whence divers Symptomes do arise and those so divers that Democriâ—us might justly say in his Letter to Hippocrates That the VVomb is Author of a thousand sad Sorrows and innumerable Calamities And Hippocrates himself saies in his Book of Virgins Diseases That miserable VVoman-kind is commonly laded with incomprehensible and manifold Diseases All which Infirmities we intend to explain in this Chapter under the name of Mother-Fits herein imitating Galen who in his sixt Book of Parts Affected and the fift Chapter saies that the Mother or Hysterical Passion is but one name indeed yet comprehending under it divers and innumerable Accidents Notwithstanding all late Writers in a manner do handle â—he Suffocation of the Womb under the Title of Hysterical Passion calling a particular Symptome by such a name as is common to many others because it of al the rest is most frequent and most troublesom But herein the very best Authors seem to have been superfluous in their Treatises of Womens Diseases while in different Chapters they describe several Diseases springing from the Womb viz. Suffocation of the Womb Head-ach Epileptical fits Palpitations of the Heart Pulsation of the Arteries about the short Ribs and in the Back the Diseases of the Stomach Liver and Spleen arising from the Womb and divers pains in sundry parts of the Body arising therefrom seeing all these Infirmities do arise from one and the same
cause and are to be cured by the self same Medicines so that the aforesaid Authors are fain to repeat the same things over and over in several Chapters not without much weariness to the Reader We therefore That we may more briefly and methodically set down the Nature of all these infirmities think it worth our labor first to set down the universal Causes of them all and afterwards to declare how those Diseases arise from the said Causes We have shewed in the beginning of this Chapter that there are two special Causes of all these Symptoms viz. the Womans Seed and the Menstrual Blood being retained beside the intent of Nature and corrupted and possessed of a malignant and venemous quality out of which malignant Vapors do arise and afflict divers parts of the Body Unto which Doctrine generally propounded two other things of greatest moment must be added viz. First That not only the Seed and menstrual Blood do produce Hysterical or Womb-sicknesses but divers Humors also of an excrementitious Nature flowing into the VVomb and by a long abiding growing putrefied and sending out filthy Vapors This is verfied by many Ancient VVomen who being destitute of menstrual Blood and of Seed are yet very much subject to these VVomb-sicknesses or Hysterical passions Secondly that not only vapors arising out of the aforesaid substances are causes of these distempers but the very Humors themselves are a cause which finding no free vent by the Veins of the Womb into which as a Common-shore Nature disburthens superfluous Humors by reason of the stoppage of the Monthly Courses or of the Whites they flow back again into the superior parts of the Body and doe infect the said parts with that vitious quality which they have contracted by their long abiding in the Vessels of the Womb or by their mixture with Seed or Menstrual Blood corrupted These Foundations being thus laid down let us see how Hysterical Symptomes are stirred up by the Causes aforesaid beginning with the Suffocation or strangling fits of the Mother which is the most frequent and principal Sickness of these kind of Women being accompanied with very many and those most grievous Symptomes For besides their breathing impaired and somtimes abolished their whol Body becomes cold their Speech and Pulse is intercepted so that they lie like dead Women and some have been accounted dead and laid out for Burial and yet afterward Revived Now this Sickness comes by fits which makes their returns somtimes sooner somtimes later and endure somtimes a longer somtimes a shorter time according to the quantity of the Humor offending which is somtimes quickly collected and somtimes long in gathering somtimes soon discussed and somtimes long before it can be discust For such like Causes of Diseases in the Body of Man have their times of digestion and exaltation which having arrived unto they do suddenly and as it were in a moment break forth into action Yea and such Humors being already collected in the Body may for a season lie hid until being stirred by some internal or external Cause they shed forth their poysonous blasts and vapors into other parts of the Body Now the most frequent and noted Caused of this Commotion and Agitation of these Humors are sweet smelling things coming neer the Patients Nose or sweet Meats taken in which quickly bring Women subject to this Insirmity into their fits also vehement Anger Terror and other grievous Passions of the Mind Now there are divers Degrees of this Sickness according as the Matter offending differs in Quantity or Malignity For somtimes the Choaking-fits with want of breathing are light and soon go over somtimes it is extream so that the Patient breaths not at all and is attended with other Hysterical or Womb-sicknesses such as Vomitings Ravings Convulsions and Swoonings or Faintings away And for the most part more grievous Symptomes do arise from corrupted Seed than from Menstrual Blood or other corrupted Humors For look how much Seed retaining its Natural Disposition is of a more excellent Nature than Menstrual Blood by so much does it degenerate when corrupted into a greater or worser kind of Venom or Poyson There are likewise other Differences of this Choaking Mother-sickness to be observed viz. That somtimes the Patients have their Breath stopt as it were somtimes they complain that they are choaked as it were with a Rope that strangled them and somtimes their breathing is much abated or abolished without any pain or sence of strangling The Reason of which diversity is this That the simple Suffocation and difficulty of breathing do arise from abundance of Vapors which do somtimes very much abound in Hysterical or Womb-sick Women especially when the Hysterical Passion and Hypochondriacal Melancholly are joyned together Which Vapors or Winds do compress the Midrif and Lungs as it is wont to fall out in the windy Asthma but the sence of choaking in which the Patient feels her self as it were strangled in her Throat depends upon a special property of the venemous Vapor as there are other Poysons in the greater World which have such a property of throatleing and choaking as is known of one sort of Mushroms And that the venemous qualities bred in Hysterical Women are divers Galen does sufficiently hint in his sixt Book of the parts affected Chap. 5. where he compares the malignity of this Vapor to the venom of the Fish Torpedo and to the sting of a Scoâ—pion which Poysons though in quantity they are smal in operation they are mighty and being received into mans Body they do in a short space of time grievously afflict the same and produce therein most vehement Symptomes As for Respiration diminished or abolished it is caused by the said Vapors being endued with a Narcotick or Stupefactive power which being mighty contrary unto the Heart and Vital Spirits their action is thereby hindered whence follows a cooling of the whol Body through defect of that Spirit which should flow from the Heart and a cessation of Respiration because there is now no need thereof For seeing that drawing of Breath is necessary to cool our Hearts when the Heart is extreamly cooled by the venemous Vapors aforesaid it needs none of that cooling which is caused by drawing in the Air and so breathing ceases because there is no use thereof We may also say That the said venemous and stupefying vapor does assault the Brain and hinder the Influx of the Animal Spirits whereby the motion of the Midrif and the Muscles serving for respiration is hindered ad hereunto That the Vital Spirits being destroyed the Animal Spirits which are made of the Vital must needs be destroyed likewise In the place before alleaged Galen resolves a Doubt which is this That seeing it is generally held that a man cannot live without breathing therefore it is impossible that Hysterical persons should in their fits be quite deprived of breathing To which he answers That in an extream cooling of the Heart there is no need of
respiration which if it were stopped and the Heart vigorous and hot present death would follow but that little warmth which is yet remaining in the Heart is cherished only by transpiration or ventilation through the Pores of the Body even as Creatures lying all the Winter in holes do live only by transpiration because they are exceeding cold and that little heat they have needs no ventilation by way of drawing in Air into their mouths Besides The fore mentioned cause of Womb-suffocation viz. A malignant and venemous vapor some ad another namely The ascending or rising of the Womb into the superior parts of the Body whereby the Stomach and Midrif are compressed from whence not only Hysterical Suffocations but other sicknesses also do arise This ascending of the Womb Hippocrates propounded in his Book of the Nature of Women in these words The Wombs of Women being turned from their Natural posture do strive towards the Liver and bear violently upon the Midrif for they are carried upwards seeking moisture to refresh them being over dried with Labor and the Liver is the fountain of pleasing moisture And Fernelius in his sixt Book of Pathology that is of Diseases and their causes Chap. 16. saies he had often felt the Womb thus ascending bearing up against the Stomach like a round Globe and grievously oppressing the same from whence it hath been often thrust down by force of hand and manifestly driven back into its own proper place Eustachius Rudius in the Second Book of his Practice in the 51. Chapter saies the same thing viz. That he with his own hands hath selt the Womb raised as high as the Navel and somtimes above the same and hath by little and little thrust the same down into its proper place But Galen in his sixt Book of Parts affected Chap. 5. opposes this Opinion and teaches that although the Womb may in some sort be moved and ascend yet that motion and ascention is very little neither is it any waies possible That the Womb should ascend unto the Stomach so far is it from being able to transcend the same so far as to reach unto the Midrif A very strong Reason hereof is brought from Anatomy seeing the VVomb is so fastened in its proper place by four very strong Ligaments that cannot be lifted up so high VVhereunto the Defenders of this Opinion do make answer That in the falling out of the VVomb those Ligaments are so relaxed that it is wont to come without the VVarer-gate and therefore it may ascend as far up as it can go down when those Ligaments are relaxed or slackened To this we reply That the falling out of the VVomb comes to pass by little and little through length of time by the moistening and softening of the Ligaments caused by a defluxion of Flegm thereupon but that which they call the Ascent or Rising of the VVomb or Mother happens in a moment and is as soon restored and it is requisite that the Ligaments should have been first relaxed and consequently all VVomen should be troubled with the falling out of their VVombs who are subject to this Ascent or rising we speak of because the occasions of this Ascent being ceased the VVomb would of its own accord and by its own proper weight fall down wards and lie continually without the Body It is harder to make Answer to the Experience of Fernelius Rudius and others of which they testifie themselves eye witnesses who profess they have with their own proper hands perceived the Womb to ascend like a Globe or Bowl to the Navel and higher being after wards by them thrust down into its own proper place Sennertus makes answer to this that the round body which was by them so felt was not the Womb but the Stones with that blind Vessel which from Fallopius the finder or first Observer thereof is called Fallopious his Trumpet becavse he likened the same to the broad end of a Trumpet For the Stones appertaining to the Womb being pendulous that is Hang dangling movable as on strings and the Body of the Trumpet aforesaid being hollow as a pipe lax and apt to move this way and that way when they are filled with corrupt Seed with vitious Humoes and with windy Vapors and swell and strout again they may move this way and that way in the lower Region of the Belly and ascend as high as the Navel And that such a round swelling may happen in the Stones and Trumpet as is somtimes felt in hystericall Women The observations of Riolanus may teach propounded in his Book called Anthropographia where he relates that in hysterical Virgins such as have had the Womb-sickness He had found their Stones greater than his Fist strouting with wheyish seed also the Trumpet of the womb amplefied or inlarged and very much widened And salius observed some such thing in a certain noble yong Damsel troubled with suffocations or strangling of the womb in whom one stone was swelled to the greatness of a large hand-bal being filled with a saffron-color'd humor very stinking and sending forth a filthy and poysonsom kind of vapor Which humor dyed the adjacent parts yellow just as we see the Gut Colon where it is carried under the Liver is by the Bladder of Gall rendered of a clay-like yellowish Colour Yet is not Sennertus very far from the judgment of the Authors aforesaid for granting as he saies that the Stones and Trumpet of the Womb being filled with corrupt sperm vitious Humors and vaporous winds do strout again move to and fro in the lower Region of the Belly and can ascend as high as the Navel seeing those parts are contiguous with the Womb they cannot be moved in the Region of the lower Belly nor ascend unto the Navel unless the Womb be moved with them so that this motion may be ascribed to the whol Womb very well as it consists of its owne perfect parts together with such parts as are knit there unto Againe if the Stones and Trumpet being filled with vitious Seed Humors or vapours may be diversly moued to and fro Why may not the Womb being filled with like Humors and vapors be moved with the same motion Thereason indeed of Sennertus which he borrowed from Galen does convince that the VVomb tied with four ligaments cannot ascend so high as the Midrif no not as high as the Stomach but it must not be denied that it may be carried as high as the Navel where the Authors aforesaid perceived that Globe both becavse those Ligaments may be somwhat stretched by matter working in them like yest and like-wise becavse the womb whiles it is blowne up sils a greater space and may be perceived towards the Navel so that whether the whole womb or the parts fastened there unto viz. The Stones and the Trumpet be moved upwards we may still call it the Rising of the VVomb or Mother and cleave to the Doctrin of Hippocrates Head-ach from the womb comes divers waies for
the Patients belly above the Navel be strongly girt with a swath-band that the womb may be thereby reduced and the vapors hindred from ascending Concerning letting blood it is a great question Whether it be convenient in the sit or no For seeing there is at that time a great weakness in the Patient and somtimes despair of life and the body is cooled all over by malignant vapors which infest the Brain and Heart which can no waies be expelled by blood-letting no question the use thereof is very dangerous during the fits And of this Opinion are Varandaeus and Sennertus But Mercatus and Rodericus a Castro do determine contrarily That a Vein ought to be opened in the Patients Ankle or Instep when the Disease springs from an abundance of Menstrual blood retained and that the Patients strength oppressed with the burden the passages obstructed with too much blood and the danger of suffocation hence arising can be remedied by no other means but bleeding seeing in this case neither stinking smels nor sweet smels nor Cupping-Glasses can bring the Patient out of her fit Philippus Hoechstetterus in the second part of his Observations makes it appear by certain Histories that bleeding in the Foot hath done much good Insomuch as a certain Nun which had been speechless and in Convulsion fits for two daies together two hours after she had bled began to speak and to eat and drink Iam of Opinion a Vein may be opened if the Pulse be strong and there be evident tokens that blood doth super-abound But if the Pulse be weak we must forbear and stay till the fit is over for a more convenient season in which blood may be safely taken away Plaisters are profitably applied under the Navel of the Mass of Emplastrum Ceroneum which mollifies and discusseth and so is better than the vulgar Womb-Plaister which doth somwhat bind and therefore may retain the vapors and malignant humors Plaisters are likewise made of Galbanum and Assafoetida or of Caranna and Tacamahaca either alone or with some Spices mingled with them As for Example Take Gum Caranna half an ounce Pouder of Nutmegs and Cloves of each half a dram Oyl of Amber four drops Turpentine two drams Make all into a Plaister Such Plaisters are to be in fashion of a Shield or Scutcheon and in the pointed part of the Plaister which must be laid towards the Water-gate some of Musk or Civet are to be put that they may send forth a sweet smell and thereby allure the Womb back again Three grains of Musk may be put in a little Cotton moistened with Oyl and thrust into the hole of the Navel then lay on a sinal Plaister of dissolved Galbanum This some Women for a Secret Or four grains of Camphire may be dissolved in Oyl of sweet Almonds and put into the Navel and a Diapalma Plaister laid over it If the Disease seem to be fostered by plenty of wind and vapors Fomentations and Baths will be good of the Decoction of Rue Mugwort Time and Calaminth Fennel seed Annis seed Cummin seed Bay-berries Chamomel Flowers Dill flowers c. Also little bags may be prepared with Cummin seed Annis seed Carrot seed Salt Rue Bran in them and applied very hot and often renewed Or Take Oyl of Rue four ounces Spirit of Turpentine half an ounce Mingle them and dip therein a piece of Bread hot out of the Oven and lay it upon the Navel Also it will be good to anoint the lower part of the belly the Region of the womb Share and Loyns because such anointings do dilate the Passages attenuate the Vapors and discuss them They may be made of Nard Oyl Spike Oyl Oyl of Dill Sesamine Saffron Lillies and Sweet Almonds Authors do very much commend a fume of the warts which grow upon Horses Legs which being dried in an Oven and beaten to Pouder they are burnt under the Noses of women in these fits as a present Remedy whereby women are wont to be in an instant delivered of their fits to the admiration of the by-standers If the Disease spring from Retention of Seed nothing is better than carnal Conjunction as soon as the Patient is out of her fit if she be married Instead of carnal Conjunction where that cannot he had many advise that the Patient be rubbed and tickled by a Midwife in the Neck of her womb into which the Midwife must put her fingers anointed with Oyls of Spices that so the offensive Sperm may be voided But seeing that cannot be done without wickedness understand by a silly superstitious Papist that counts it a meritorious good work to burn Mother and Child in her womb alive as at Jersey and a wickedness to free a sick body of a little offensive humor a Christian Physitian must never prescribe the same To Discuss those malignant Vapors which cause the womb-fit many Medicines are wont to be given down the Throat among which is a dram of old Venice Treacle with water of Mugwort Penyroyal and Balme Troches of myrrh to the quantity of two scruples or Oyl of Amber to five or six drops with the said Liquors Pills are frequently used the best are made after this manner Take Castorium Myrrh Assa-foetida of each one scruple faecula Brioniae half a scruple seeds of Rue and Saffron of each seven grains with Syrup of Mugwoâ—t make twelve pills Let her take three or four if she cannot swallow them let them be dissolved in Water of Mugwort These following Pills are good in a violent fit which they are wont to remedy without fail Take Assafaetida one scruple Castoreum six grains Laudanum three grains make all into three or four Pills Let her take them presently Pilulae Faetidae majores although they be purging yet are they given to good purpose in the Fit to half a dram For they gently evacuate and are not wont to work till the fit be over so that there is no danger in their working Also many waters are wont to be given in the fit viz. Aqua vitae Cinnamon water or Treacle water Or a specifical water may be made after this manner Take Zedoary roots Carrot seeds Lovage roots of each two ounces red Myrrh Castoreum of each half an ounce Piony roots four ounces Misleto of the Oak gathered at the wain of the Moon three ounces powr upon all these being prepared four pints and an half of Feaver-fewwater Spirit of Wine half a pint let them digest three daies and afterward still them The dose is a spoonful by it self or with some other convenient liquor A more easie water to make more pleasant to taste and no less effectual is this following Take of the juyces of Bawm and Borrage clarified of each two pints the best Saffron one dram Let them be infused and distilled in Balneo The Dose is a spoonful with Broth. This following potion is vulgarly used Take of Cinnamon Water half an ounce Turnep Water four ounces Castoreum four grains Make all into
Womb an heaviness in the same place and a sence of some weight bearing down especially when the sick woman stands as though the womb would fal down into the water-Gate but when they sit or lie it bears upon the streight Gut with its weight There is no Feaver nor pain wherein it differs from an Inflamation or at most there is but very little pain in an imperfect Scirrhus but in the Womb there is none If it follow an Inflamation the Feaver and pain ceases the hardness and resistence abiding If it be in the Body of the Womb it is easily discerned by handling the parts about the Share but if it be in the Neck of the womb it may be perceived by ones finger It is distinguished from a Mole by the preceding Causes and because in a Mole if the Courses flow they flow disorderly but in this Hard Swelling they keep their order and in a Mole the womans Dugs strout with Milk but in the Hard Swelling they are extenuated As for the Prognostick Signs Every Scirrhus or hard stony Swelling is very exceeding hard to cure for an extream Hardness once contracted can hardly be softened also Natural heat is so very weak in that part where there is such a Swelling that it can very hardly discuss an hard and almost stony substance A great and unvanquishable Scirrhus or stony Swelling doth at length bring the Dropsie to keep him company A Scirrhus or stony hard Swelling of the womb if it be tampered withal with over hot and moist Medicaments it turns into a Cancer The Cure of this Disease aims at two things the Antecedent Cause and the conjoyned or concomitant Cause In respect of the Antecedent Cause a Vein must be opened first in the Arms if the Disease be of no very long continuance afterward in the lower parts especially when the Patients Courses are stopt The opening of the Hemorrhoid Veins is also very profitable in this case For they do both evacuate dreggy blood and they turn the Humor from the womb because of the communion which the Veins have with the womb Purging is likewise necessary by fits repeated procured by such Medicines as purge Melancholly using first the gentler and then the stronger sort by degrees And before the Purges such things must be given as prepare the Melancholly Humor and open the narrow passages of the Excrements in the form of Apozems Juleps or Broths according to the disposition of the sick party And besides the ordinary Openers Medicines with Steel must be likewise used whereby those strongest Obstructions caused by thick and rebellious Humors in the Womb and other parts may be dissolved And that superfluous humors may be derived from the womb Issues may profitably be made in the Thighs which are to be kept open until the Patients monthly Courses which are commonly stopt in this Disease shal return unto their ordinary form in respect of time quantity and quality In respect of the conjoyned Cause Emollient and Resolving Medicaments are to be applied outwardly compounded after this manner Take the Roots of Marsh-mallows and Lillies of each two ounces the leaves of Mallows Violets Marsh-mallows Bears-foot of each one handful Leaves of Mugwoâ—t Nep of each half a handful Seeds of Line and Fenugreek of each one ounce Flowers of Chamomel and Melilot of each a pugil Make a Decoction of all wherewith the Region of the Share and the Groins must be fomented a warm sponge being first dipped therein and then squeezâ—d out and so laid on and held to the parts aforesaid For the greater mollifying the Decoction may be made in Water and sweet Oyl or in the Broth made of a Wethers Guts There may also be added to the Decoction that it may become more powerful the Roots of Briony and wild Cucumers for we must begin with the milder and proceed to the stronger by Degrees Of the same Decoction augmenting the quantity of the Simples may a Bath be made for the Patient to sit in which is very effectual in this Case and more powerful than a Fomentation â—lso frequent Clysters and Injections into the Womb are to be made of the same Decoction whereunto the Oyls of Lillies Chamomel or sweet Almonds may be added Take of the Oyl oâ— Lillies and sweet Almonds of each three ounces Mucilage of Fenugreek seed extraâ—ted with white Wine one ounce Hens Gooses and Ducks Fat of each one ounce and an half new Butter and Hogs Grease of each two ounces Wax and Turpentine as much aâ— shal suffice Make all into an Oyntment This which follows is approved in al hard Swellings being described by Rhasis in his Seventh Book dedicated to King Almansor Take Bdellium Ammoniacum Galbanum of each equal quantities Beat them in a Morter with Oyl of Ben and of Lillies then add the Mucilages of Fenugreek Seed Lin-seed and Figs in equal quantities Make all into an Oyntment Of the same Materials adding Wax may a most effectual Plaister be made to be applied to the Region of the Womb both before and behind Or a Plaister may be applied made of Emplastrum Diachylum ireatum A Cataplasm or Pultiss may be made of what remains after the Decoction aforesaid being beaten and forced through an Hair Searce adding of the meal of Lin-seed and Fenugreek seed of each an ounce six Figs two drams of Orice Root half a dram of Saffron Hens Grease and Oyl of sweet Almonds of each a sufficient quantity Make of al a Pultiss The Bitumenous clay taken out of Brimstone Baths and such as are Bitumenous is profitably applied as a Cataplasm The Fume of the Stone called Pyrites that is the Marchasite or Fire-stone being made red hot and quenched in Vinegar is by Galen wonderfully extolled for dissolving all stony hard Swellings so that it works like a Charm In the said Vinegar Savory and Pellitory may be boyled but care must be had lest your Lapis Pyrites prove to be the Stone called Plumbarius or the Lead-stone which would do very much hurt Finally All the Medicines as wel internal as external which were before described in our Cure of the hard Swellings of the Liver and Spleen may also be useful in this case Yet must theâ—e â—edicaments in the whol course of the Cure be moderated and accommodated with the greatest judgment and discretion imaginable left the hard Swelling become harder or which is much worâ—e degenerate into a Cancer Which al Practitioners fear when Medicaments are unwarily administred for a long time together so that it is better somtimes to pause and give or apply nothing that we may mark what good is done by the former applications For it is vain striving when the Swelling having lost al sence of feeling hath put on the Nature of a stone Chap. 10. Of a Cancer of the Womb. A Cancer is a hard Swelling of the Body or Neck of the Womb which resists the touch and causeth a most vehement pain as it were pricking and cutting the part affected
require Hence Four Impediments of Conception do arise viz. If the woman receive not the Seed If she retain it not If she preserve and cherish it not If she nourish it not so as it encrease and grow Reception of the Seed is hindered by many Causes by things Natural things not Natural and by things Preternatural Among things Natural hindering the Reception of the Sperm in the first place is reckoâ—ed yongness of Age in which by reason of the smalness and straitness of the Genital Parts the woman cannot receive the mans yard or not without very great pain which makes her worse for Genial Embracements The same effect is caused by over great Age seeing that in elderly Virgins the Genital Parts through want of being exercised in actions tending to Generation do become withered flap and flaggy and so strait that they cannot afterwards easily â—dmit a mans Yard Likewise all such as are naturally lame with distorted Legs and their Crupper-bone depressed can hardly put themselves into such a convenient posture during the genial Embracement as a necessary that the Seed may be duly and rightly received Hereunto add over great fatness which straitens the Passages of the womb and by greatness of the Belly hinders the right and fit Conjunction of the man with the woman And lastly a cold distemper of the womb makes women dull and listless so that they enjoy no pleasure to speak of in the Genial Embracement or it is long before they are provoked with desire so that the inner Orifice of the Womb is not timely enough opened to receive the Mans Sperm Among things not Natural Passions of the Mind hold the first rank and especially hatred between Man and VVife by means whereof the VVoman being averse from this kind of pleasure gives not flown sufficient quantity of Spirits wherewith her Genitals ought to swel at the instant of Generation that her womb skipping as it were for joy may meet her Husbands Sperm graciously and freely receive the same and draw it into its innermost Cavity or Closet and withal bedew and sprinkle it with her own Sperm powred forth in that pang of Pleasure that so by the commixture of both Conception may arise The things Preternatural which can hinder the Reception of Seed are certain Diseases incident to the Genital Parts or to such as border neer upon them as Tumors Ulcers Obstructions Astrictions Shuttings up Distorsions Stone in the Bladder and other such like The Second fault in Women which hinders Conception viz. When the Seed is not retained depends either upon the over great moisture of the Womb namely when the womb is filled with many excrementitious Humors by which becoming looser and more flaggy than is fit it doth not rightly purse and contract it self together so as to retain the Sperm or the Orifice of the Womb is so slack that it cannot rightly contract it self to keep in the Seed which chiefly is caused by Abortion or hard Labor in Child-birth whereby the fibres of the Womb are broken in pieces one from another and they and the inner Orifice of the Womb over much slackened And that same immoderate moisture may arise both from the proper Constitution of the woman and from external causes of moisture such as Baths Idleness moist Diet and especially from the Whites which flux of Whites happens very frequently since the Womb is as it were the Common-shore whereinto all the parts of the Body do discharge their Superfluities so that this is wont to be the most frequent and ordinary Cause of Barrenness The Third Cause hindering Conception viz. When the Sperm is not sufficiently nourished in the Womb depends upon such things as are apt to corrupt the Seed as every distemper of the womb namely a cold distemper which extinguisheth the Seed an hot distemper which dissipates the Spirits a moist distemper which robs the Seed of its due thickness and a dry distemper consumes and drinks up the Seed and thus the Seed being by these distempers corrupted and degraded from its natural Constitution becomes unfit for Conception To these Causes Authors do add Witchcrafts and Charms by which all confess that Conception may be hindered Likewise external things as Meats and Poysons may do as much such as are reckoned up by Authors viz. Among Meats Vinegar Mint Water-Cresses Beans and such like and among Poysons or at least such things as have a certain venemous property causing Barrenness The Agate or Jet â—he Matrix of a Goat or Mule Glow-worms Sapphires Smaragds and the like And lastly Malignant and venemous Diseases may exceedingly corrupt the Seed and render it unfit for Generation as the Consumption Leprous Infections Whores-Pox stinking and cancerated Ulcers The Fourth and last Cause of Barrenness viz. When the woman doth not yield convenient matter to form the Conception and to augment the same depends upon a want of Seed and Menstrual blood so over yong women and over old do not conceive through want of both those Materials The Age of a woman fit for to conceive is commonly determined to be from the fourteenth to the fiftieth yeer of her Age. Yea and though those foresaid Materials are not wanting if yet they are ill disposed they are not fit for Generation And they may be ill disposed through divers distempers and other Diseases likewise by reason of bad Diet producing none of the best blood So women which gorge themselves with much raw fruit and cold smal drink breed wheyish blood unfit for Generation Yet we must needs confess that some women have conceived who never had their Courses as may be collected out of the Observations of divers Authors yet so much Menstrual blood was collected in those women as useth to remain over and above in such as have their Courses though they had not so much as to cause their monthly Courses To the Causes hitherto mustered up must be added a certain disproportion or unsutableness between the Mans Sperm and the Womans which makes they cannot be rightly mingled nor conspire to the Joynt-making up of an Embrion or Rudimental Infant though there be in the mean while no sensible defect either in the Man or Wife And it somtimes happens that the same man can have a child by another woman and the same woman by another man whereas they have lived together in the married estate barren It comes likewise to pass That a woman shall live with a man for ten or more yeers together and not conceive child and afterward shall begin to conceive and bring forth the Cause of which accident is The change of Temperature caused by yeers whereby the Seed comes to have another temper so that being before disproportioned to the mans Seed it comes by change of Age to be fitly proportioned thereunto Now this disproportion of Seeds consists chiefly herein When men much exceeding in some quality belonging to their temper are joyned with women which partake of the self same excess viz. When over hot men
over wanton venereal embraces And in a word vehement motions of the Armes by drawing somewhat violently to a Body by turning a wheel or doing some such work may exceedingly further Abortion or Miscarriage The Signs of present Abortion are manifest of themselves But such as go before Abortion and prognosticate the same are these An unusual heaviness of the Loyns and Hips a loathness to stir Appetite gone shivering and shaking coming by fits pain of the head especially about the Roots of the Eyes a straitening of the sides and of the Belly above the Navel the flagging or falling and extenuation of the Dugs which made Hippocrates to say in Aphor. 37. Sect. 5. If the Dugs of a woman with child do suddenly grow small that woman will miscarry For the extenuation of a womans Dugs in such a case doth signifie want of blood in those Veins which are common to the womb and to the Dugs by means of which defect the child is in danger to miscarry But if Abortion shall be caused by some external essicient causing violent agitation of the Child in the Womb and a bursting of the Vessels with a pain raised in those parts the Spirits and Blood run speedily to the genital parts of which the Dugs being destitute grow smaller than they were Furthermore Plenty of Milk dropping from the Dugs doth argue weak Child and consequently portends Abortion according to Hippocrates in Aphor. 52. Sect. 5. But if frequent pains aâ—d almost continual do torment the Reins and Loyns reaching towards the Share as far as Os sacrum with a certain endeavor of going out of the Womb it is a certain sign of a woman that will shortly mscarry For those parts do signifie that the Membranes and Lâ—gaments wherewith the child is fastened to the womb are stretched and torn in â—under And if so be that pure Blood or such as is wheyish or water flowing from the Womb do â—ollow the foresaid pains and endeavors of coming out it shews that Abortion is hard at hand and that the Vessels and Membranes of the Womb are broken and the mouth of the Womb open At the same time the cituation or posture of the Child is changed for whereas it lay high and possessed the middle of the Womans Belly like a Sugar-loof bearing out it is now gathered round like a Foot-ball and roiled down towards the Water gate Also oftentimes there follow grievous Symptomes as shiverings tremblings Palpitations of the Heart Swoonings and abundant Bleeding Hereunto may be added what Hipâ—ocâ—aâ—es teacheth us in the second Book of Popular Sicknesses Text 17. That if after violent external câ—uses such as are blow a fall and such like vehement pain and perturbation arise in a Woman with Child she suddenly or at most the same day miscarries but if the external cause were weak the Abortion may be differred till the third day which being once over there is no longer danger of Abortion because such wounds and hurts are wont to grow well again upon the third or at most the fourth day or very much to be mitigated and asswaged whereupon the Child is again confirmed in the Womb and retained Which Precept is of great moment in the Practice oâ— Phyâ—ick that women with child being hurt by some external accident should keep their bed for â—nree daies or longer and use such Remedies as prevent Abortion The Prognosticks oâ— Abortion may be divers after this manner Women are more endangered by Abortion than by due and timely Child-birth because it is more violent and unseasonable for as in ripe Fruit the Stalks are loosened from the Boughs and the Fruit falls of it self so in a Natural Birth the Vessels and Ligaments wherewith the Child is tied to the Womb are loosened and untied as it were of their own accord which in case of Abortion must needs be violently broken asunder Very many women become Barren by their Miscarriages by reason of those exceeding rendings tearing which do wholly overthrow the dispositions of the Womb. Much bleeding accompanied with fainting raving and convulsions is wont to cause death and Aresaeus testifies he never saw any escape who in the time of their Abortion or aiterwards had Convulsion fits Inâ—lamation of the Womb caused by Abortion is for the most part deadly for Blood flowing to the Womb in great quantity is not purged out but putrefies therein and regurgitatâ—s or slows back into the upper parts whence arise burning Feavers pantings of the Heart Heart-burning and other Symptomes enumerated before Abortion is more dangerous in a woman that never bore Child before because being unaccustomed to Pains and having those Passages more strait she is longer and more vehemently tormented Women very lean or very fat are more endangered by Miscarriage the former because of their weakness the latter because of the narrowness of those Passages by which the Child must come forth Abortion is more dangerous in the sixth seventh and eight months because the Child being the greater is excluded with the more pain and difficulty Women which have a more loose and moist womb than ordinary domiscarry commonly without danger especially in the first month because those parts in such women do easily give way whence their pain and trouble is the less Hippocrates in the second Book of Popular Sicknesses affirms That to miscarry of a male Conception of three-score daies old helps a Woman whose Courses are stopped By stopping of Courses he understands only their imminution when women are not sufficiently or conveniently purged at their monthly seasons for by such an Abortion or Miscarriage as aforesaid those stopped passages are opened and the Blood is drawn towards the womb which came thither but slowly in former times Our ordinary women seem to have taken notice of the truth of this saying of Hippocrates who touching an Abortion of a few months are wont to say by way of proverb Amiscarrying woman is half with child again The Cure of Abortion consists in Preservation for that which is past cannot be helped But all the Symptomes which follow Abortion are the same which accompany women duly brought to bed The Preservation from Abortion hath two principal Points or Heads The one concerns the woman before she is with child The other when she is with child Before the woman is with child all evil dispositions of body which are wont to cause Abortion must be removed as fulness of blood badness of Humors and peculiar Diseases of the womb viz. Distempers Swellings Ulcers and such like Fulness of Blood opens the Veins of the womb or strangles the Infant while it is in the womb This if it be a pure and simple Plenitude may be cured by Blood-letting such as shall answer the quantity of blood super-abounding But badness of Humors is either chollerick and sharp so as to open the Orisices of the Veins or by provoking Nature to stir up the expulsive faculty whereby the child comes to be expelled with those evil humors or by
are to be used as do revel the Blood into the superior parts as rubbings and bindings of the upper parts Cupping-glasses fastened under the short Ribs on either side It is good likewise to bath the Patients hands in hot Wine in which Confectio Alkermes or Venice Treacle hath been dissolved Also let her Belly be moderately swathed with a Rowler or Swath-band because hereby the Vessels of Blood will be pressed together and the immoderate flux hindered Let Linnen Cloths be applied to her Loyns moistened with a mixture of Water and Vinegar by which the blood contained in the Vena Cava is tempered and the motion thereof hindered If the flux be very immoderate and weaken the Patient so that there is danger of Death we must have speedy recourse to stronger Remedies Among the rest this following Potion hath commonly good success Take Waters of Plantane Orange flowers and Roses of each one ounce Syrup of Corals or where it is wanting of red Roses one ounce Sal Prunella one dram Dragons blood ten grains Make all into a Potion If the flux do yet continue a Pouder or an Electuary for divers Doses may be prescribed after this manner Take Blood-stone four scruples Pouder of Bole-Armoniack red Coral prepared Pearls of each one dram Seeds of Plantane Coriander prepared and grains of Sumach of each two scruples Mix all and make them into a most fine Pouder of which let her take one dram with the Decoction of Knotgrass and Syrup of Quinces Take Conserves of Roses and of Comfrey Roots of each one ounce Bole-Armoniack Troches de Carabe and prepared coral of each one dram with syrup of coral or of dried red Roses make all into an Electuary of which let her take the Quantity of a Chestnut drinking a little of her ordinary drink after it Also a fomentation and an Oyntment will profitably be applied outwardly made after this manner Take Topps of the red Mastich or Lentisch Plantane Cypress Olive and Solomons Seal of each one handfull Red Rose Leaves two pugills Myrtle Berries one ounce and an half Cypress-Nuts six Peels of Pomgranates two pugils Boyl all in Steel-quenched Water and astringent harsh red Wine and with the strained Liquour bath the Privie Parts very lukewarm and almost coldish Take of the Countesses Oyntment or Uuguentum Comitissae two ounces Jâ—yce of Plantane one ounce worke them together into one Oyntment to be used after the fomentation Also an Injection may be made of the Juyce of Plantane into the Womb commended by Galen in the fifth Book of his Method or of the Decoction of the foresaid fomentation Other remedies not helping to open a vein in the Arm is a present Cure if the Blood be drown out in distant spaces of time for experience hath taught that many women given over as it curable have by this means recovered And finally the disease still remaining all Medicines prescribed for the immoderate flux of the monthly courses may be used in this Case likewise And among the Medicines for immoderate Courses Cataplasmes were propounded to be applied to the share and Loines unto which the following Cataplasm or pultis may be added very good for all immoderate fluxes of Blood but especial for these Child-Bed Purgations Take Pure Soot from the Chimney not mixt with Dart eight ounces work it lustily with the strongest Vineger and make a pultis to be applied to the Reines of the Back And it is here specially to be noted touching sleep that while the Blood flowes plentifully the woman must not be suffered to sleep for many by that means are taken away because the natural heat retiring inward causes the flux to be greater And if sleep in such a case cannot be avoided some must be alwaies by of the servants to feel her pulse and mark how she fetches her Breath In a word if clotters of Blood do settle in the Womb and cause a pain and stretching therein endeavour must be used speedily to bring it out least coming to putrefy they transmit filthy vapours to the Brain and Heart and cause a feaver Therefore the Childing woman if strong enough ought to walk gently or stand bolt upright for some time together or to sit upon the groaning Chair as if she had list to stool And if this suffice not the clotters are to be dissolved with a warm Decoction of French Barly and a little Oxymel or honey of Roses injected into the Womb. But here we must go warily to work least while we bring out the clotters the flux of Blood be afresh provoked Chap. 22. Of Suppression of Child-bed Purgations THe good and happy success of Child-bearing doth especially depend upon the convenient and orderly flux of the Loches or Child-bed Purgations seeing the Impurities which have bin collected in the veins of the Womb during the nine months time of the womans Belly-bearing are wont to be avoided by these evacuations but if they be suppressed wholly or diminished insinite Dangers and Calamities arise thereby viz. acute Feavers Phrenzies Madness Melanchollies Squinzâ—es Pleurisies Inflammations of the Lungs and other swellings which are for the most part malignant The Cause of this supression or imminution are the thickness of the Blood narrowness or obstruction of the vessells which hinders the free egress of the Blood cold air heedlesly received into the Womb which closes the Orifice of the vessels taking cold at the feet drinking of small cold Drink fear Affrightment sadness and other Passions of the mind which withdraw the Course of the Blood from the Womb. This Suppression is manifest of it self and the diminution thereof is not to be judged by the Quantity which comes away because some women have more superfluous blood and some less But the perfect knowledg thereof is gathered from the supervenient Symptoms such as are a swelling of the Belly a pain possessing the nethermost part of the Belly the Loines and Groines redness of face difficulty or breathing perturbation of the Eyes shivering fits Feavers Fainting fits and other Symptomes related before The Prognostick is drawn out of the Symptomes propounded as supervenient to this Disease for they being for the most part dangerous the cause from which they spring must needs be very dangerous likewise Childing women are freed from the foresaid danger if some other evacuation happen which may at least in some measure supply the desect of these purgations as Bleeding at the Nose or by the hemorrhoid veins plenty of Urine with a sooty setling or plentiful sweating Or if after some daies Lead-colored black and stinking matter begin to flow forth But it is to be feared lest by the corrupt blood ulcers should be bred in the womb The whol Cure of this Malady consists in the provocation of these Purgations which must be endeavored by such Medicines as provoke the Course of the Blood downwards and open the Vessels of the Womb. And in the first place Emollient Purging and Opening Clysters are to be administred made after
Bay-leaves Calaminth Carrot seed Cummin and Caraway Seeds Flowers of Cheiri and Chamomel in Water white Wine or Milk Or the following Cataplasm may be applied Take three or four Onions well boyled in Water beat them in a Morter and put thereto Seeds of Line and Cummin beaten of each one handful As much Chamomel flowers Barley Meal as much as shall suffice to make all into a Pultiss And if need be add a little of the Water wherein the Onions were boyled Spread it upon a Cloth and apply it warm to her Navel It is likewise profitable to apply the Skin of a weather newly flead off while it is warm to her Belly For this kind of warmth is very neer of kin to our Natural heat concocts and mitigates the cause of the pain also it hinders the Skin of the Belly from gathering into wrinkles These following Medicines may be given inwardly Take Carrot Seeds poudered one dram white Wine three ounces Mix them Give it warm twice a day Or Take Nutmeg Annis seed Cinnamon of each one scruple mix them into a Pouder to be taken in white Wine or give one scruple of Oyl of Nutmegs in Broth. Or Take Date and Peach Kernels of each half a dram Nutmegs four scruples Pouder of Diamargaritum Calidum two drams Annis seed one dram Cinnamon two scruples Saffron ten grains Sugar the weight of all the rest Make all into a most fine Pouder whereof give two drams in Wine twice or thrice a day if the pains are much Forestus gave a Decoction of Chamomel flowers in Beer or a Decoction of Mugwort and Chamomel in Puller Broth with good â—ucceâ—s It 's good presently after the is brought to bed to give her the Broth of an old Cock three daies together earâ—y in a morning while she is fasting with a little Cinnamon and Saffron The following Pouder taked presently after the delivery of a woman doth wonderfully preserve her from Gripings insomuch that it is thought If it be given a woman after her first Childing she wil never after in her following Lyings-In be troubled with these Gripes Take the greater Comfry Root dried one dram Peach Kernels and Nutmeg of each two scruples Amber half a dram Amber-greece half a scruple Make all into a Pouder of which let her take one dram in white Wine or if she be Feaverish in Broth. For her ordinary Drink let her use a Decoction of Mugwort with Cinnamon If the Gripings be caused by Chollerick and sharp humors they are cured much after the same manner that the Chollick is cured when it proceeds from Choller As for Example Take Syrup of Vioâ—â—ts and Borrage of each one ounce Mucilage of Quince seeds drawn out with Violet Water half an ounce Water of Borrage and Scorzonera of each three ounces Mix all make thereof a Julep for two Doses Or Take Oyl of sweet Almonds two ounces Syrup of Violets an ounce Borrage Water half an ounce Mix all for a draught External Medicines must likewise be used such as are laxative and emollient which do likewise by one and the same labor ease pain Oftentimes after they are brought to bed women are pained in their Groyn by reason of their wombs being gathered together like a ball in their Groyn It is cured by applying to their Navel a Plaister of Galbanum and Anafoetida in the midst whereof some grains of Musk must be put Chap. 24. Of Acute Diseases of Women in Child-bed WHat we said before touching the Acute Diseases of women with Child we may now repeat touching the Acute Diseases of women in Child-bed viz. That they have the same Essence and the same Signs with the like Diseases in women which are not with Child and in men So that we shal refer the Reader for the Theory of these Diseases to their proper Chapters Now these Acute Diseases are for the most part continual Feavers both Essential as Synchus putrida a continual Tertian and the rest and also Symptomatical which accompany inward Inflamations as the Pleurisie Inflamation of the Lungs Inflamation of the Liver Phrenzy and such like Yet there is a peculiar sort of Feaver which besals almost al women in Child-bed which is called by them the Feaver of their Milk which is wont to befal them about the third or fourth day after they are brought to bed when their Milk begins to encrease in their Breasts and it ariseth from the reflux of the blood from the womb to the Dugs and the motion and agitation thereof Which kind of Feaver is reckoned among the Diary Feavers of the longest durance neither needs it any Medicines because within three or four daies viz. about the ninth after her delivery it is finished by sweat It is distinguished from putrid Feavers because commonly it seizes the woman about the fourth day after her being delivered and her Dugs begin to be filled with Milk and to be troubled with hardness pain and heat with heat and heaviness in her Back and Shoulders also her Child-bed Purgations slow duly which seldom is seen in putrid Feavers Now putrid Feavers do befal women in Child-bed from three causes viz. Suppression of their Child-bed Purgations or diminishing by the heaping together of bad Humors during the time of their Belly-bearing which were agitated by her Labors or by Errors in their Diet. Some add immoderate flux of the Child-bed Purga ions which is rather a sign of the secret badness of Humors causing the Feaver but cannot be it self any cause thereof In suppression of the Child-bed Purgations the blood and vitious humors which are collected during the whol time of her going with child do flow back again into the greater Veins and there putrefie and somtimes are câ—rrâ—ed to the Liver Spleen and other parts in which they raise Inflamations or if they abide in the Veins of the womb they putrefie and so cause a Feaver in those women which were before in perfect health But if the Child-bed Purgations duly flowing a feaver arise it comes either from superfluity of Choller or from errors in Diet. Evil Humors agitated by the Labors and Pains of Travel do easily inflame and putrefie and stir up a feaver Errors of Diet may happen divers waies And first in point of eating in which women that he In are wont to be very faulty stopping themselves with plenty and variety of Dishes which cannot be by them digested but causeth putrefaction in their Bodies Another error is committed when Childing women do unadvisedly expose themselves unto the cold Air especially while their Milk-feaver is in its vigor which is wont to be terminated by sweating and transpiration which is hindered by heedless admission of the cold Air whence it comes to pass that the Feaver which of it self was void of danger and would in a few daies have ceased is changed into a dangerous putrid Feaver There is yet another frequent Cause of the Feavers of Childing Women viz. When the After-births are not wholly cast forth but some
Convulsion We answer that the Parts affected in the Gout are cheifly Membranes which being no instruments of motion they cannot cause a Convulsion though never so much stretched or twitched And although the Tendons and Nerves ordained for motion should be likewise pained yet do they not cause a Convulsion because to make a Convulsion the Muscles must be drawn back to their Head and that retraction ought to be made by a contraction of the nerves which are inserted into them but when they are gone out from the muscles or are come unto their extremity though they be distended yet can they not contract the Muscles Authors do commonly make four forts of Gouts according to the diversity of the Joynts affected Chiragra or the Hand-Gout when the Pain is in the Hands Sciatica and Ischias when it is in the Hip. Gonagra when it is in the knees and Podagra or the Foot-Gout when it is in the Feet And the Pains of the other Joynts go under the common name of Arthritis though Pareus have imposed proper names upon every one of them drawn from the Parts affected calling the Pain in the Joynts of the Jaw-bone Syagonagram in the Neck Trachelagram in the Back-bone Rachysagram in the Shoulder Homagram in the Elbow Pechyagram But these names have not been entertained by Practitioners Therefore its sufficient to refer the Pains of those Parts to the general name of Arthritis There are besides other differences of the Gout as that some Gouts are General occupying all or most of the Joynts of the Body others particular residing only in some one Joynt some are ingrafted and Hoeredetary from the Parents others are adventitious caused by external Causes and Errors in Diet Now the Humours which breed the Gout may have their Course not only into the Joynts but somtimes also into other Parts of the Body as the head Teeth sides yea and the internal Parts as the Liver and Spleen and stir up divers Pains in these parts which Pains are not to be termed the Gout though they are Caused by the same matter which Causes the Gout Again all Pains seated in the Joynts merit not the name of Gouts for somtimes there are Swellings in the Joynts especially in the knees from which Pains arise occasioned by thick flegmatick and Melanchollick humors which Pains continue very long but are not to be reckoned among the Gouts but have a distinct nature of their own Which difference will more clearly appear by the different Characters of the Gout which we shall describe in our Diagnosis thereof that is in the Art of discerning the Gout from other Diseases by certain signes and tokens The next and immediate Cause of the Gout is a serous or wheyish Humor either by its quantity stretching those sensible Parts which are about the Joynts or by its sharpness twitching the same That this matter is wheyish is hereby known because thick Humors could not so easily flow into the Joints and they would make a more Visible swelling in the Joynts which is wont to be very little yea in the begnning there appears no Swelling at all though there be a most bitrer Pain add that the Tumor which is in the Gout never comes to suppuration or ripens of matter which often happens in other thicker Humors if they have never so little Blood mingled with them But in the Gout the Blood is drawn to the Joynts as appeares by the Inflammation of the Parts yet there never happens any suppuration or growing to a mattery Head because Serosities or wheyish Humors rule the roast and they hinder Suppuration But this wheyish Humor is seldom pure and sincere but hath other Humors or their serosities and thinner Parts Joyned with it whereupon great variety ariâ—es according to the greater or lesser acrimony of the Humors mixed with the wheyish Humor according to which the Pain is more or less the Tumors is somtimes notably great and somtimes not visible some are of a red colour others yellow or white in some the malady is soon ended in others it continues long somtimes a mighty and fervent heat possesses the Parts otherwhiles little or none is discerned somtimes hot things laid on do good other whiles they do hurt and cold things help Howbeit it cannot be denied but that the wheyish Humor may of it self have more or less acrimony according as it hath more or less Salt mixed with it for seeing the serous or wheyish Humor is wont to dissolve and drink up those heterogeneous salts which are multiplied in the Body by reason of the multiplicity of meats we use whence it is that all the serum or wheyish Humor in us is salt according as this Humor is more or less salt and according as the salts mixed there with have more or less sharpness more or less Pain is wont to be caused And because in the Gout as in every Fluxion for things are considered the matter flowing the Part sending that matter the Part receiving the same and the waies by which the Fluxion is made seeing we have spoke of the matter flowing we are now to speak of the other four Touching the Part sending the Humor there is disagreement among Physitians Fernelius would have all the material cause of the Gout which he takes to be thin and flegmatick to flow from the Head not from the brain it self whose excrements are either voided by the nostrills or flowing through the palate are driven to the mouth throat wesand or stomach but from the external Parts of the Head situate without the scull For seeing very many veines derived from the external Jugulars do run thither he saies they do there lay down their thin and wheyish excrements and seeing the Skin of the Head is thick and compact and the Humors cannot easily breath through the same in process of time they grow there to a quantity and as he conceives from thence they flow through the surface of the Body under the Skin into the Joynts But others do conceive that the Head is the fountain of the flood of Gouty Humors but they conceive those Humors flow from the inner Parts of the Head viz. From the Brain Finally others there be that give sentence that these faulty Humors do flow from the bowells conteined in the lower â—elly namely from the Liver Splen Womb and others and also from the whol Body through the Veins and Arterieâ— into the Joynts All which Opinions in my Judgment are Partly true and Partly fals We Judg they are true in that they say the Humors which cause the Gout do flow from the Head by the inward and outward Parts and from the Bowells and the whol Body by the Veins and Arteries and fals we say they are because they say that only the internal Parts of the Head or only the external or only the inferior Bowells do furnish the Gouty Humor For seeing the whol Body is passable to and fro by Humors all Parts of the Body may send
Linnen Cloth between the Plaister and the part affected If the Disease do pertinaciously continue we must proceed to a Vesicatory which doth draw out the Morbisick Matter being applied to the part affected Wherefore a Blistering Plaister must be laid on either alone or that it may work more gently with some of the foresaid mingled in equal proportions for so it may be endured upon the part a longer time Or this following may be made fresh Take Ship-Pitch Wax white Pitch of each one ounce and an half Colophonia Frankincense Mastich of each two drams Euphorbium Ladanum Quick Sulphur Opopanax Ammoniacum Bdellium Galbanum Sagapenum of each half an ounce Storax and Benjamin of each two drams Cantharides three drams Galangal Cloves of each two drams Liquid Storax as much as shall suffice Make all into a Plaister In an old Disease an Issue in the Leg on the pained side doth derive the Matter away and somtimes cures the Disease Zechius wil have it made in the outside of the Leg. And if there be suspition of a Catarrh from the Brain another must be made in the hinder part of the Head For that hath somtimes cured an old Sciatica when nothing else would do it And then likewise other Remedies correcting the Brains distemper must not be neglected Zacutus Lusitanus tels of his making an Issue behind the Ears with wonderful success when the Humor came from the Head Of this he makes a peculiar story Observat 160. Book 2. During the whol Course of the Cure frequent Clysters are to be injected that part of the Morbifick Matter may be derived unto the Guts Also to discuss the next and immediate Cause of the pain this following hath somtimes been useful Take Rich Canary half a pint Walnut Oyl and Oyl of Rue of each three ounces Oyl of Turpentine half an ounce Mix all and make thereof a Clyster to be cast in so often as the pain shall require And this following Clyster doth wonderfully draw the Humors from the part affected in regard of its Neighborhood to the Guts Take Pulp of Coloquintida one dram Lean Bran an handful white Wine a pint and an half Boyl all to a pint Of the strained Liquor make a Clyster and let the Patient keep it an hour The Hip-Gout is somtimes bred of Choller and hot Humors which is known when the pain is very sharp and pricks the pains are greater every other day the party is lean the Constitution of Body Chollerick Age youthful Country and Season hot the pain is encreased by heating things Chollerick Diseases have preceded an hot Diet and vehement Exercise and then the Medicines must be fitted for Choller and an hot distemper Wherefore Bleeding is good Purgations of Choller somtimes Lenitive somtimes strongly purging with Diagridium that the Morbifick Matter may be brought forth cooling Juleps emollient Clysters cooling Milk Bathing and other Remedies propounded in an hot distemper of the Liver Alwaies being careful to avoid things Opening and to chuse rather such as do incrassate or thicken such as we propounded for a thin and hot Rhewm The Pain being extream some Narcoticks may be given especially Syrup of Poppies whereby the pain is allaied and the flux of Humors stopped by the Humors being thickned But Laudanum Opiatum is far more powerful given to the quantity of three or four grains which also dissolved in a Clyster of Broth or Milk using a Purging Clyster before it doth often take away the pain in a moment The external Medicaments must be gentler as Oyl of Lillies Violets Chamomel and sweet Almonds Pultisses of Lettice Nightshade Endive Barley Meal with the foresaid Oyls and towards the declining of the Disease Fomentations Liniments Milder Plaisters and less Heating The Matter Causing the Sciatica comes somtimes to maturity so as to make an Imposthume Which Hippocrates shews in the third Book of his Epidemicks in the History of Eupolemus who had such an Imposthume which killed him with a Consumption If the Imposthume be opened there remains a filthy il conditioned Ulcer which likewise pines the Patient away Yet Zacutus Lusitanus glories that he had often cured the Sciatica with an Ulcer in Obs 126. Book 1. Which Observation ought to be read and diligently meditated upon Chap. 3. Of Rheumatick Pains of the whol Body AFter Gouty Diseases properly so called it is worth our while to treat of the Rhewmatick Disease because of the likeness between these Diseases which verily is so great that the generallity of Physitians which know not the Nature of this Rhewmatisin are wont to call it the universal Gout For in both Diseases the Joynts are pained but therein is the difference In that in the Gout only the Joynts are pained But in this Rheumatismus or Rheumatick Malady not only the Joynts but also the whol Body viz. The middle spaces between the Joynts namely the Muscles and their Membranes and especially the Skins which cover the Bones and the whol habit of the Body yea verily and somtimes the inward parts of the Body as the Stomach Womb Lungs are troubled with this Rheumatick Disease And although the Greeks cal a Catarrh by the name of Rheuma yet this Rheumatism we speak of differs from a Catarrh being indeed contained under the general term of Flux of Rheum yet of a different Nature from that kind of Flux which is commonly called a Catarrh which comes only from the Brain and trouble no more than one or two parts whereas this Disease we treat of comes from the internal Bowels by the Veins and Arteries and is shed into the whol Body This is no new Disease yet is it not sufficiently described by the Antients We have a rude â—raught thereof in Hippocrates in his Book de locis in Homine and in Galen Book 1. of the difâ—â—â—ence of Feavers and the first de compositione Med. secundum Genera But the most notable 〈◊〉 â—leer place of al explaining this Disease is in the first Book of the Differences of Feavers in 〈…〉 the words are these Vnderstand thou That the Rheumatick Disease so called is caused 〈…〉 such way as this viz. The whol Body being weak and the principal Parts thereof though 〈…〉 but little blood yet finding themselves burdened they thrust the same and expel it to the 〈…〉 parts of the Skin Whereby it appears that the true Nature of this Rheumatick Disease 〈◊〉 to Galens Doctrine consists herein That the whol Body is so weak that when any princiâ—â—◠〈◊〉 is burdened with blood although it be in no very great quantity it transmits the same to the 〈◊〉 parts and habit of the Body 〈◊〉 that is not simply to be understood which is said by Galen That the principal Parts being 〈◊〉 with blood do thrust the same unto the fleshy Parts of the Body For so Inflamations 〈◊〉 â—â—ellings would arise in those parts Whereas Experience shews that in this Disease called 〈…〉 for the most part there appears no Swelling no Inflamation no change of
Augmentation but a long state The Epacmastick hath a long augment the paracmastick a long declination but the other times do quickly pass away Yet we must know that the times of Putrid Feavers are two waies considered either with respect to the Symptomes or with respect of coction and crudity which two in other Feavers do commonly comcide or happen at one and the same time But in these continent Feavers called Sunochoi it is not so For their times ought not so much to be defined by the increase and decrease of the Symptomes as by the signs of Concoction or non Concoctions which appear cheifly in the Urines Now Galen propounds two sorts of this continent Feaver called Synochus one springing from Blood putrefying of which he treates in the second of this Method Chap. 7. and 9. as also in the 9. of his Method Chap. 3. and 5. another arising of choller putrefying in the greater vessells of the kind of burning Feavers which he explaines in his second of the Differences of Feavers and the second of Crises Chap. 6. The first is called Synochus Sanguinea and the other Synochus Biliosa For allthough the whol Maâ—s of Humors conteined in the Veins do go under the name of Blood yet do we acknowledg four Parts thereof of which the more temperate is specialy called Blood the hotter Part Choller the rawer and colder flegm and the thicker and more dreggy Melancholy So then if that more temperate Part which is more especially called Blood do surmount the rest in quantity and the whol Mass putrefy that Feaver is caused which we term Synochus Sanguinea But if the thinner and hotter Part of the Blood which is of thâ— nature of Yellow Choller do exceed the rest and putrefy that Feaver is caused which we term Synochus Biliosa Synochus Putrida is ingendred by the same causes which are wont to produce the simple Synochus And so not only the shutting the pores of the Skin but the obstruction of the vessells also by reason of much Blood and thick and claâ—my Humors is wont to cause this Feaver For seeing by such like obstructions the Transpiration of Fuliginous Vapours is hindered putrefaction is bred in the â—lood redounding within the Veins A continual tertian which every third day doth more afflict the Patient than ordinary takes its Rise from bad and Chollerick Blood putrefying in the Vena Cava And the Causes thereof are all such things as multiply this Humor in the Body as an hot and dry distemper of the Liver Meats hot and dry Youthfull Age fasting or very spare Diet vehement and frequent exercise hot and dry constitution of the Air over great watchings and such like A continual Quotidian which the Barbarous writers term Latica or lurking because it hath a certain hidden and concealed heat is produced by flegmatick Blood putrefying within the Veins therefore it hath its exacerbations or fits every day It is wont to assail flegmatick bodies as of Infants and Children and old men as also of such as are of a fat and corpulent constitution given to idleness and cramming of bellvchear and inhabiting moist places This kind of Feaver happens but seldom because flegm is hardly putrefied A continual Quartan is that which is exasperated every fourth day being Caused of Melancholly Blood putrefying in the branches of Vena Cava And all things may Cause this Feaver which are apt to breed Melancholly Blood and to Cause the same to putrefy Howbeit this kind of Feaver is most rarely observed The accidental differences of Feavers are taken from their evil Symptomes which are wont to be complicated with the Essentiall and from them they are named Among these are wont to be reckoned Febris Ardens that is the Burning Feaver Colliquans the â—elter or dissolving Feaver the shivering Feaver Horrisica Assodes the tumbling tossing and vomiting Feaver â—lodes the sweating Feaver Syncopalis the swouning Feaver Epiala the Feaver which makes the Patient hot and cold at one and the same time Causus or Febris Ardens the burning Feaver is properly that which is perpetually accompanied with these two symptomes viz. an ardent burning heat and an unquenchable thirst though the Patient drink never so much Galen 3. Epidem Com. 3. text 34. It is divided by the same Galen in Com. 4. de Vict Rat in acutis text 13. into a Ligitimate or bastard burning Feaver The Legitimate or exquisite burning Feaver is that which hath the two symptomes aforesaid allwaies and evidently conjoyned therewith The bastard in which those symptomes are less vehement the thirst less Urgent and the body not so burning The Lightimate is Caused by a Chollerick Humor putrefying within the large Vessels near the heart the bastard is caused by Choller mingled with Flegm or Salt Flegm putrefying in the Vessels aforesaid Whence it appeares that a Ligitimate burning Feaver is no other but a continual Tertian Feaver whose Matter is more sharp and plentiful than ordinary and conteined in the larger Vessels which are neer the Heart whereas the Matter causing a simple continual Tertian is in Vessels Remoter from the Heart Again there are two sorts of an exquisite burning Feaver the one from the beginning to the end hath one only accession or fit which we before named Synochus Biliosa and it is likewise called Synochus Ardens which is caused when the Humor putrefying doth occupy al the Vessels which are most neert the Heart the other is named Ardens Periodica and conteines in it self divers fits or accessions it is caused by the same Choller conteined in the Vessels neer the Heart but not in al or not so neer as in Synochus Ardens So that a Continual Tertian Synochus Ardens and Ardens Periodica do differ one from another only as the Choller causing them is more or less sharp plentiful and neer the Heart Febris Colliquans the Melting Feaver is of the kind of burning Feavers which in regard of the exceeding heat doâ—h suddainly melt the Fat Flesh and substance of the solid Parts and somtimes the Blood conteined in the Veins and dissolve the same by insensible Transpiration Sweats Urines or Stools It is wont to be caused by a thin sharp and Chollerick Matter which is vehemently inflamed and Galen teaches that often times there is adjoyned thereunto a malignant and pestilential Quality Comment in 3. Epid. Sect. 3. Sent. 57. Horrifica Febris in Greek Phricodes is that Feaver in which the Patient doth often undergo shaking fits it is caused by a mingled Matter viz. Partly Chollerick and Partly Flegmatick oâ— wheyish which being unequally moved is wont to excite those Horrors or Shakings either because the thin sharp and wheyish Matter doth twitch and nip as it were the sensible and menbranous Parts or the inflamed Choller doth putrefy and put in motion the crude Humors or because Nature doth in Vain seek to shake of the crude undigested Humor whereupon the Heat being driven Back to the Centre the Extream Parts of the Body are cold and afterwards
when the same blazes out again they grow hot Assades Febris the Feaver so called is a kind of burning Feaver in which the sick do tumble and toss and are exceeding unquiet much oppressed with the disease being for the most Part subject to stomach sickness and vomiting Because it is wont to arise from the vexation of the Stomach by sharp and Chollerick Humors biting the orifice or Coats thereof The Feaver Elodes is that in which the Patient prepetually Sweats and it is caused by a mighty Putrefaction or Maliginty of Humors dissolving the Substance of the Body The Feaver Syncopalis is that in which the Patient often Swoones and Faints away Avicenna makes two sorts hereof one of thin sharp and Venemous Choller another of much Flegm or abundance of crude Humors The former is called Syncopalis Minuta because it arises from a little Quantity of Humor but thin and malignant The latter Avicenna doth call Syncopalis Humorosa vel Repletionalis because of a great Quantity of crude and Flegmatick Humors abounding therein and there is also Joyned a weakness of the mouth of the stomach by which means eâ—pecially the sick persons come to Swoon so often That Feaver is by Galen termed Epiala 2. de diff Feb. cap. 2. Lib. de inaequali intemperie cap. 8. in which at the same time through the whol Body in the smallest particles thereof there is felt both cold and heat For albeit one and the same Part cannot be the subject of contrary qualities yet is that which hath been said of this Feaver to be understood of the smallest particles in respect of sense but not indeed and in truth Galen shewes that this Feaver is caused two waies the one is by means or Glassy Flegm mingled with bitter Choller and â—o diffused into the whol body For Choller causes a sence of heat and the Flegm a sence of cold The other is by means of Glassy Flegm alone but partly putrefied and partly void of putrefaction For inasmuch as Glassy Flegm is extream cold and clammy it doth not readily putrefy nor al at once but only by peecemeal so that one portion thereof being putrefied the other remains unputrefied That Part of the said flegm therefore which is not putrefied being shed among the sensitive Parts causes a sence of cold by reason of the extream coldness thereof and that which is putrefied causes a sence of heat And so the whol body at one and the same time feels both cold and heat Platerus also hath invented a way how this Feaver may be bred viz. when intermitting Feavers or Agues do one fal upon the Neck of another the same day in the same Patient so that the cold fit of the latter Ague begins ere the hot sit of the former be ended or else when intermitting Feavers coâ—cide with those which are continual so that the heat of the continual Feaver and the cold of the Intermitting happen at one and the same time There are likewise other accidental differences of continual Feavers which because they are wont to be reckoned among the Symptomatick Feavers they shal be discussed forthwith in the Description of the said Symptomatick Feavers Now although the Cure of Symptomatick Feavers depend upon the Cure of those Diseases in particular from whence they arise yet must we declare their Nature least they come to be confounded with Essential or Primary Feavers Those therefore are called Symptomatical Feavers which arise from the Inflamation and putrefaction of Humors conteined in some of the Bowels Of which kind are those Feavers which accompany the Pleurisy Inflamation of the Lungs Frenzy Squinzy Inflamation of the Liver and other Inflamations Ulcers or Impostumes of the internal Parts And it is diligently to be observed as a thing of great moment in Practice and by few taken notice of that al Feavers perpetually which are Joyned with Inflamations of the Parts of the Body are not Symptomatical But that some of them are essential the foresaid Inflamations do follow upon them For it often falles out that Blood corrupted or filled with evil Humors after it hath raised a Feaver comes to be agitated by Nature and her as hurtful to her expelled to the weaker Parts or to such as are most convenient to receive them whereupon an Inflamation is caused in those Parts which doth not cause the Feaver but is rather a Consequent thereof So we may often see in the Course of our Practice the Patients sick of a continual Feaver for a day or two before Pain in the side and other Signes of a Pleurisy appears So many on the third or fourth day fal into a Phrensy so al Gouty persons in a manner before they are troubled with Pain swelling and Inflamation of their Joynts are wont to have a continual Feaver for a day or two So they which have the Rose or Saint Anthonies Fire have a Feaver somtime before the swelling break forth The same thing appears by the Urine which in such Inflamations as these do shew manifest signs of putrefaction in the Veins For in the beginning they appear crude and undigested and in the progress they shew tokens of concoction dayly encreasing Also Blood is often taken away very corrupt Which things would not happen if such Feavers were only Symptomatical simply depending upon those Inflamations And these Feavers whether they be Symptomatical or primary and attended by Inflamations of the Parts have their accidental differences For if the Inflamation be of Blood the Feaver is called Phlegmonodes if it be of Choller Typhodes And peculiarly an Erysipelas or Chollerick Inflamation of the stomach and Guts brings the Feavers called Zipyria in which the outward Parts are very cold and the inward Parts burn For the inward burning doth draw the Blood and spirits co the Part inflamed whereby the heat is so encreased that the inward Parts seem to be burned with unquenchable thirst but the outward are cold being destitute of heat and spirit Lenta Febris the flow or Lingring Feavers is wont also to be reckoned amongst Symptomatical Feavers which arises from some hidden obstruction and putrefaction sticking so close to some Bowel and so impacted that the substance of the Bowel is for the most Part Vitiated And when a portion of the putrid Humor is shed into the Veins and mixed with the Blood it stirrs up a slow Feaver and so mild that it troubles the Patient with no greivous symptom yea and the Patient is scarse sensible of any Feaver Yet some notes of putrefaction appear in the Pulse and Urin. And somtimes this Febris Lenta is bred of the putrefaction and corruption of some of the bowells because by the Veins inserted into that Bowel putrid and hot Vapors do breath unto the Heart Such a kind of Feaver is often bred in the Consumption of the Lungs which degenerates into an Hectick It is also somtimes caused when the substance of the Liver or spleen corrupts or when putrefaction settles upon the Mesentery
Thirst greater than in a Quotidian and lesser than in a Tertian a Pulse in the beginning slow rare languishing afterward stronger frequenter and very unequal The Urine in the beginning thin afterwards various the body dry and lean of a tawny or swarthy color Temperament cold and dry Age inclining Autumn of the Yeer or very changable weather a life intangled with many Cares and Studies suppression of the Hemorrholds Swelling of the Spleen and Exacerbation or vehemency more than ordinary of the Feaver every fourth day The Signs of a Causus or burning proper to that Disease were propounded before viz. a burning heat of the Body and an unquenchable Thirst Yet it is to be marked if any Cough arise that the Patients Thirst is thereby diminished viz. by such moisture as is drawn by the Cough out of adjacent parts howbeit the Cough is never wholly taken away while the Feaver lasts The other Signs are all such as we have before shewed do signifie a Feaver from Choller Yet the signs which signifie a bastard burning Feaver are much more remiss than the foresaid A melting Feaver is known by a sudden Consumption of the Body and growing lean the Eyes are hollow the Temples fallen Nose sharp Stools red fat stinking clammy corpulent sincere chollerick and frothy the Urines fat and Oyly The Shivering Feaver and the tumbling and tossing Feavers are to be known by what is said of them in their Descriptions In the Feaver called Elodes the Skin is ever moist with a clammy moisture and the heat to feel to is not very sharp Malignity is distinguished from the largeness of putrefaction because in Case of malignity the Urines are in a manner Natural or appear not much different from the Natural or somwhat swins in the Urines like a Spiders Web when the Fat melts or if with the Urine there comes away somwhat like Vetches or Barley which signifie a melting of the flesh or finally abundance of Urine coming divers daies together when the blood and humors are melted Add hereunto an extream decay of strength a smal contracted Pulse not very frequent In great putrefaction the Urines are thick and troubled the Pulse great soft and frequent Syncopalis Febris viz. the Swooning Feaver is known by fainting sits and swoonings frequently befalling the sick And that sort called Minuta is distinguished from that Humorosa because in the former are seen the signs of a Chollerick in the latter of a Flegmatick Feaver as they were lately set down The Feaver Epiala is known only hereby That at the same time heat and cold is felt in the whol Body Finally Symptomatick Feavers and such as are called Comitatae are known by what hath been said of them in their Histories or Descriptions Now in every of these sorts of continual putrid Feavers the Prognostick Signs are to be described by which their events may be presaged And first for Synochus Putrida seeing it is of the kind of acute Feavers it is not without danger Yet if signs-of Concoction do evidently appear upon the fourth day and no error be committed it will terminate towards health the seventh day But if the Signs of Concoction appear later it may reach unto the eleventh or fourteenth day But if no signs of Concoction appear and the sick have a round swollen Face like a Globe it signifies the Disease will be long By how much the Urine is redder at the beginning other signs corresponding by so much safer it is and signifies the Disease wil soon come to an end if there appear therein signs of Concoction but with signs of Crudity it threatens death especially if the party be weak White Urine is the worst of all and commonly portends death Among the Differences of Synochus Paracmastica is more secure Acmastica more dangerous Epacinastica most dangerous of all Furthermore an exquisite Synochus and benign rightly Cured is safe a bastard one that hath malignity in it with cruel Symptomes and strength decayed is dangerous Chollerick Feavers inasmuch as they are acute are also dangerous and that more or less according to the more or less distemper vehemence of the Symptomes and validity of the Patients strength The distemper is measured not only absolutely by the degree of Heat it self but also comparatively with reference to the Natural Constitution of the sick party so that look how much the heat is encreased above the Natural temper of the Patient so much the greater is the danger So a burning Feaver in an old Man or in Winter is for the most part deadly The vehemence of Symptomes is considered in actions Animal Vital and Natural in Excrements qualities changed and proper adjuncts whose enumeration requires a work by it self according as we have expounded them in the third Section of our Semiotica or Doctrine of Signs out of Hippocrates his Aphorisms Prognosticks Predictions and his Coic Praenotions which may easily be transferred to this place And finally the strength of the Patient must be compared with the vehemence of the Symptomes For if the strength be lusty and likely to hold out against the Cruelty of the Adversaries there is good hope if not we may justly fear the Patients death A continual Quotidian is wont to be long by reason of the thickness and contumacy of the Humor but if divers Evacuations happen in its course it is wont to be the shorter We must measure the danger thereof by comparing the vehemence of the Symptomes with the Patients strength And the cheife care ought to be least it degenerate into a Cachexy or dropsy by reason of the obstructions of the Liver and spleen which happen in these long Feavers A Primary continual Quartan is most rare yet somtimes an intermittent Feaver or Ague degenerates thereinto and then for the most Part deadly The melting shaking Tumbling Sweating and Swouning Feavers seeing they borrow their Names from such bad symptomes as they are attended with they are in regard of such symptomes extream dangerous and for the most Part is deadly Finally the Prognostick of Symptomatick Feavers is to be gathered from the Excellency of the Parts affected vehemence of the Symptomes and Validity of the Patients strength Now in the Cure of al putrid Feavers we must take our Hints or Indications from the Feaver from its Cause and from the Patients strength The two former indicate their own ablation or removal the third it s own Preservation Which must be done by assistance of those ordinary Medicinal Utensils viz. Diet Manual Operation and Medicaments The Diet in all Chollerick Feavers ought to be cooling and Moistening in flegmatick and Melancholick more warming and attenuating Let therefore the Air be cold and moist which being drawn in by the Lungs unto the heart doth exceedingly temper the burning heat thereof Yet must not the Patient be laid bare to the cold Air because transpiration which is exceeding needful would by that means be hindered and the sooty Vapours and sweats would be driven back again into the
thick and clammy humors abound the Syrup of Vineger will be very profitable in stead of those last named Also somtimes Conserve of Roses Violets or Borrage is wont to be mingled with cleer Water boyled with Barley Water and to be strained through an Hippocras bag for ordinary drink unto which some drops of spirit of Vitriol may profitably be added Or a Tincture of Roses is made after this manner most delightful in colour and in tast Take Red Roses one ounce Bloodwarm Water three pints spirit of sulphur or Vitriol one dram and an half Let them stand infusing cold for three or four hours To the strainings add white Sugar four ounces Rose-Water half a pint Make thereof a clear Julep for ordinary drink Also Julepus Alexandrinus is very good and extream pleasant It is thus made Take Fountain Water one pint Rosewater Juyce of Lemmons and white Sugar of each four ounces Boyl them over a light fire till you have taken away the Scum As for other things pertaining to Diet Sleep is extream good and watchings bad Yet over much Sleep doth overwhelm the natural heat and hinder the Evacuation of excrements Rest is necessary in acute Feavers but in long Feavers light and gentle exercise is good Also we must endeavor that nothing be retained which ought naturally to be expelled howbeit al immoderate Evacuations which exhaust the strength are to be stopped and al vehement Perturbations of mind must be turned out of Doors Among manual Operations Blood-letting holds the cheifest place for it doth not only diminish plenitude whether it be a simple fulness so as to stretch the Vessels or only a fulness with reference to the strength of the Patient whether it be in the whol body or in some Part but also revels the influx of Humors Causing obstructions cools the whol body and makes it perspicable keeps back putrefaction and furthers the concoction of putrefying Humors Presently therefore and at the beginning of the Disease blood must be drawn unless weakness hinder as in the Swooning Feaver and other like Cases and that after the Belly hath been loosened with a Clyster or a Suppository How much blood should be taken it gathered from the Patients strength from the greatness of the Pleâ—hora Custom of the Patient to bleed or not to bleed and other circumstances The Antients in the Synochus Putrida and the burning Feaver did let blood til the Patient fainted away But it is much more safe as we have said in the Cure of a simple Synochus to take away at several times so much as shall be sufficient then suddenly to put the Patient in danger of death Avicenna in a burning Feaver and in a continual Tertian doth forbid letting blood unless the Urine be thick and red For he fears lest Choller should be the more inflamed which he saith is bridled by Blood But the wiser Physitians do explode this Opinion of his seeing these kind of Feavers are often terminated even by Nature her self by bleeding at the Nose and they do somtimes cause Frenzies and other Inflamations and finally because Blood-letting doth potently refrigerate doth rather stop than further the Ebulition or boyling and working of the Blood and Choller comes away as wel as Blood when a Vein is opened so that in that Mass of Blood which is in the greater Veins remaining there is the same proportion of blood to Choller which there was before Nay verily when a Vein is opened if the sick party be any thing lusty and the blood flow amain only the putrid Blood which is offensive to Nature is voided the purer remaining in the Veins which few Authors have taken notice of although it be in the course of Practice every where observable For if the Blood flow out of the Vein drop by drop it is the purest Blood because it comes out of the Vein by its own proper motion But if it spring out with a forceable stream it appears foul and corrupted Nature expelling the worser part of the Mass of Blood Howbeit Blood is more sparingly to be taken from such as are of a very Chollerick Constitution in the middle of Summers Heat and the Dog-Daies than in other Natures and times But in Flegmatick and Melanchollick Feavers Blood must be taken away in lesser quantity and evermore great regard is to be had to Coindicants and Contraindicants forasmuch as Quotidian Feavers do for the most part happen unto Children or old Persons in cold Countries and cold Seasons of the yeer which considerations do lessen the Quantity of Blood which otherwise the Disease or its Cause require should be taken away When the Feaver is caused by over much labor blood must be taken away more sparingly If a Feaver happen by over great use of Carnal Embracements Blood-letting is pernicious Concerning the time of Blood-letting it is to be noted That a Vein must not be opened presently after the Patient hath eaten but after Digestion is past and after the Patient hath been at stool Again Blood is to be let when the Feaver is most remiss and not in the vigor thereof for then Nature is not able to bear both the violence of the Disease and the loss of Blood As for the repletion of Blood-letting if the same be necessary to cause Evacuation it must be repeated the same day if for Revulsions sake on another day For where Evacuation is necessary especially in acute Diseases the Body must be suddenly changed into another condition also it often happens that a Disease is quickly past its first time or beginning so that afterward we cannot so conveniently open a Vein But in Revulsion we have respect to the motion of the Humors which is then best ordered when it is done at divers times some space being interposed whereby Nature becomes accustomed to a contrary motion For in the space between Bleedings the Blood which was shed into the parts regurgitates into the Veins and by another Blood-letting is profitably drawn forth We understand that Blood-letting must be iterated if that blood which was first drawn forth were very much corrupted and there is reason to think that there is yet a great quantity thereof abiding in the Veins Yea verily Although the Blood at first seem pure and uncorrupted yet must we not desist from taking the same away but continue so doing until it appear more impure and corrupted And truly that Precept delivered by Hippocrates in his 4. de Victus Rat. in Morbis acutis in the Cure of a Pleutisie may very profitably be observed in acute Feavers viz. That Blood-lettings be so long continued til the blood change color so that if at first corrupt blood come away we must let it run till it appear more pure and on the other side if at the first the blood appear laudable we must suffer to flow til that which is impure and corrupted be come away Yet is there some diversity to be observed in both Cases For if at first good
also in the beginning of these Feavers Vomit is to be procured viz. when the Patient is much vexed with illness of stomach and with vomiting for then Nature endeavours to evacuate the morbifick matter upwards and the Physitian ought to assist her endeavours And many times it falls out that great Quantity of matter is conteined in the stomach and Parts thereabout which must be Evacuated as soon as possible may be by Vomit seeing no concoction can be expected of such excrementitious matter in so great a Quantity and what ever the Patient eats or drinks is changed into such a like Humor and encreases the Matter which is cause of the Disease For Fernelius hath well observed in his third Book of the Method of Healing Chap. 3. that all superfluity of Humors in the stomach spleen Pancreas Mesentery and the Cavity of the liver is conveniently emptied out by a Vomit which somtimes wil not be removed with Medicines that work downwards though divers times administred And it comes often to pass that the Matter being Vomited up the Feaver is taken away at the first which otherwise would have proved long in case that matter had been transmitted into the more inner Parts of the body and very wel mixed with the blood Now of the three degrees which we reckon of Vomitories the mildest is to be Chosen as Barley Water Luke-warm with Oyl of Almonds or common Oyl or with a little Quantity of white Vinegar Also Syrup of Vineger or Oxymel simple which Chicken broath or a Decoction of Dil Seed Raddish or Orach whereunto also Oyl may be added All which are to be given to the Quantity of a pint or more for in a less Quantity they abide in the stomach And seeing these weaker sorts of Vomits are of little efficacy we may somtimes apply our selves to those of the middle Rank which shall be propounded hereafter in the Cure of a Tertian Ague And not only in the beginning of the Disease before Blood-letting but also the whol Course thereof Clysters must be given every day or every other day if the Belly be not of it self very free made of a Decoction of Emollient and refrigerating things such as French Barley Prunes Mallowes Violet Leaves Mercury Leaves Beares-Foot Orach Lettice Endive Houseleek Water-Lillies dissolving therein Catholicum Cassia Diaprunum simple Red-Sugar Honey of Violets and Honey of Mercury Oyl of Water-Lillies Violets c. But in a violent hot Feaver it is better not to add the Oyls because they are easily enflamed Observe in the first place that not above three or four blades of Houseleek must go into one Clyster because it cools most potently and being taken in greater Quantity may hurt the Guts Observe secondly that in all Feavers of Choller Clysters are not to be injected actually hot but only Blood-warm In Feavers that spring from flegm Decoctions for Clysters are made of the Emollient Herbs with Annis Seed Seeds of Fennel and of Carthamus flowers of Chamomel and Melilote dissolving therein Hiera Picra Diaphoenicum Honey of Roses Honey of Mercury Oyl of Chamomel Dil or common Oyl And because as we noted before absolute and perfect Purgation which they cal Eradicative is not to be attempted till the Morbifick Cause be ripened and digested the Physitian from the beginning of the Disease after the first Blood-letting and when the passages nearest the stomach are clensed ought to use such Medicaments as prepare crude Humors for digestion and Evacuation and withal temper the Feaverish Heat hinder Putrefaction and open obstructions such as are Juleps broaths Emulsions and other things which shal be hereafter described Juleps are compounded in a Chollerick matter offending of Syrups of Lemmons Pomegranats Sowr-Grapes Vinegar simple of the Juyce of Sorrel of Cichory simple with Waters of Endive Sorrel Grass and Cichory Or better of the Decoction of the Roots of Sorrel and Cichory of the Leaves of Sorrel Maiden-Hair Garden Endive Dandelion the four cool Seeds Tamarinds with the Syrups aforesaid And sometimes that we may cool more effectually a dram of Sal Prunella is added for every Dose of the Julep or so much spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur as shall suffice for a moderate sharpness Sowr things are never to be omitted in Feavers springing from Choller because bitter things are sweetened by Sowr and acid things which if they are Sowr in an high degree as spirit of Vitriol and of Sulphur they deface the bitterness even of Aloes and Coloquintida Now yellow Choller being plundred of its bitterness iâ— dead And Harmles Juleps also of great Virtue may be made of Juyces and which are very grateful to the tast after this manner Take Juyce of Apples that smel sweet newly drawn out and setled four ounces Juyce of Lemmons three ounces Rose-Water two ounces Juyce of Pomegranats one ounce finest Sugar half a pound Make of al a clear Julep for three Doses If very thin Choller and sharp be in motion and cause either a Loosness or some other greivous fluxion Juleps must be compounded which thicken of Waters of Lettice Purslain Plantan flowers of Water Lilly Red Poppy and Violets with the Syrups aforesaid Yet we must observe that Syrup of Violets and other of the sweeter sort of Syrups are not to be given alone both because they loosen the stomach as also because ere they can Pass into the Veins they are turned into an hot Vapor which doth afterwards cause thirst to encrease And therefore there must evermore some Quantity of sharp Syrup be mixed with the sweet Syrups aforesaid that they may more easily peirce into the Veins and the better resist the Heat of the Feaver In the Progress of the Feaver when Coction begins to appear to the foresaid Decoctions must be added Roots of Asparagus and Liquoris Leaves of Agrimony Pimpernel Liverwort and Maiden-Hair In Flegmatick and Cronick Feavers things more cutting attenuating and opening are prescribed beginning with the more weak such as are Syrup of Vineger of Maiden-Hair Syrupus Bizantinus with a Decoction of Egrimony Maiden-Hair Betony Liquoris Raisens And in the progress of the Feaver unto the former we add Syrup of the opening Roots Vineger compound of Hyssop Oxymel simple and compound And to the Decoction we add the five opening Roots Leaves of Hyssop Carduus benedictus and if the matter be very impact Clammy and roapy of Germander and Centory Whereunto if Salt of Tartar and spirit of Vitriol be added they work more happily In Feavers springing from Melancholy such things are added which do moisten as Syrup of Violets of bugloss of Borrage and Apples towards the Beginning and afterwards Fumitory of Epithymum of the five opening Roots Oxymel of Squils with a Decoction first of Bugloss Borrage Cetrach or wall-fern Maiden Hair Fumitory Hops and afterward Dodder Scordium Centory Bark of Capers of the Ash-tree and of Tamarisk And finally in bastard Feavers which arise from the mixture of different evil Humors the Medicines aforesaid must be mixed together
larger Housleek and Camphire or Vnguentum Populeon or Oyl of Roses Lillies and Poppies or with an Epithem made of Plantane Water Rose Water Vinegar of Roses and Camphire or with a Mixture of Rose Water Oyl of Roses and Vinegar all which are to be applied actually cold in the Summer and a little less than blood-warm at other Seasons of the Yeer Disquietness and tumblings and tossings which are wont to happen in the Feaver Assodes and in the Fits of a Tertian Ague are best cured by purging away the Chollerick Humor which vexes and frets upon the Stomach and other sensible parts and that by Vomit or Stool according as Nature seems more or less to affect the one or other way also it may be drawn downwards by Clysters and presently all Art is to be used to make the Patient rest and cold Drink is given as also cooling Juleps whereunto somtimes Syrup of Poppies or a little Laudanum may profitably be added Swooning Fits are wont to happen in those kind of Feavers which are commonly called Febres Syncopales or Swooning Feavers of which there are two kinds as was said before and the one is called Minuta the other Humorosa The Cure of which Feavers much differing from the Cure of other Putrid Feavers we have reserved unto this place in regard of the said Symptome of Swooning The Minuta Syncopalis which is bred of Chollerick Humors sharp and venemous must be cured after this manner Let the Air be cold and moist and a little astringent that dissipation of the substance of the Body may be thereby prevented Let the Patients Diet be thin cooling and restorative of the Broth of Chickens boyled with Sorrel Purslain c. To which may be added Rose-water Juyce of Pomegranates and a little Sugar Bread steeped in the Juyce of Pomegranates or of Oranges may be given if a more liberal Diet is to be granted as also Cream of Barley or Panada's with Juyce of Lemmons or Pomegranates Also Restorative Broths of pressed Flesh with the foresaid Juyces To the stronger sort are given the Yolks of Eggs with Juyce of sowr Grapes the Stones of Cocks the Flesh of Pullets Hens Partridges qualified with the aforesaid Juyces Let the Patients drink with their Meat if they have no Inflamation of any bowel thin Wine not very old nor yet new and windy or Beer that is indifferent strong not new or very stale When they eat not or otherwise if there be Inflamation let their Drink be Barley Water or Water in which a piece of a Loaf hath been boyled with Syrup of Pomegranates Lemmons Citrons Julep of Roses c. Sleep is good out of the Paroxysm but in the same it hurts And finally special Care must be taken that nothing provoke the Patient to Anger Sadness and the like Passions In the Paroxysm Resolution of the Spirits must be prevented by blowing cool Air with Fans upon the Patients and by sprinkling them with sweet smelling Waters Their Face must be sprinkled with cold Water or Water of Roses and Vinegar minled With which the Stones of Men and the Dugs of Women must be bathed cold If Heat and Spirits will not be revoked from the Heart to the outward Parts of the Body it is to be revelled and forced back by binding of the extream Parts and by nipping and pinching them also pluck the Patients often by the Nose pluck them by their Hair and call upon them often by their Christen Name Give of the Crum of White-bread steeped in the Juyce of Pomegranates of thin fragrant Wine tempered with Rose-Water and when necessity urges some Cinnamon Water mingled with Rose Water In the mean space Restorative Broths are not to be omitted wherewith Confectio Alkermes and such like may be mingled Also Cordial Potions are often to be given out of a Spoon made after this manner Take Water of Roses two ounces Orange flower Water one ounce Cinnamon Water half an ounce Confectio Alkermes one dram Pearls prepared and Coral prepared of each half a scruple Sugar Cakes made with Pearl six drams Mix all and make thereof a Julep or Cordial Potion To these may be added the Electuaries and Conserves and Preserves described in the foregoing Chapter Also the inner side of a Loaf hot out of the Oven sprinkled with Rose water and Vinegar may be applied to the Patients Nostrils and Mouth To the Heart Cooling and strengthening Epithems may be applied To straiten the Pores and prevent the Evaporation of the Patients strength and Spirits wrap them in Linnen sprinkled with Pouder of Roses Balaustians and Sanders or let their shifts be sprinkled with Rose water and a little Vinegar Let their whol Body especially the Back be anointed with this following Liniment Take Oyl made of unripe Olives one ounce and an half Mirtles Quinces and Mucilage of Seeds of Flea-bane of each six drams Gum Arabick dissolved in Rose-Water two drams white Wax as much as shal suffice make all into a Liniment A special regard is to be had of the stomach because the Humor offending is cheifly there collected Now the region there of must be anointed with Oyl of Roses and Quinces and then also may be laid on a Toast of Bread wet in Juyce of Quinces and unripe Pomegranats Or if it be afflicted with great heat soment the stomach blood-warm with a Decoction of Purslain and Roses oâ— with Juyce of Night-shade Purslain Sowr-Grapes adding thereto Oyl of Roses and Quinces The Swooning Fits being removed and the Patient strengthened we must bend our minds to remove the Feaver and its Cause Which may be done by Alteratives and Evacuators proper for turning Feavers which we have described in their proper place viz. Where the Cure of burning Feavers is set down The Cure of the second sort of Swooning Feavers which is called Febris Syncopolis Humorosa which is caused by abundance of Flegmatick and crude Humors is in a manner contrary to the Cure of the Minuta newly described For the Air ought to be temperate inclining to heat light pure and dry Meats of good Juyce easily digested prepard with Hyssop Fennel and such like Herbs Let their drink be thin and not very strong Let their sleep and Watchings be Moderate But Frictions or artificial Rubbings of the Body and by Galen much extolled in this Case In the 12. Method Cap. 3. They must be used from the beginning of the Disease with Course Cloaths beginning above and so Rubbing downwards first on the Thighs and Legs afterwards on the Arms shoulders and Back Let the Cloaths with which the Frictions are performed be first Smoaked with Storax Lignum Aloes Frank-Incense Cloves c. When after friction the Limbs are lustily warm anoint them with Oyl of Dil of Chamomel of Orice of Castus and others of a resolving Faculty Such Frictions as these are highly commended because they call the natural Heat and spirits together with the Humor offending which did Choak the natural strength into the outward
Melanchollick if the Winter or Autumn be in their full force if the Patients do eat much or by much drinking do oppress their Natural Heat The Cure as in other Feavers is to be directed to the Feaver its Cause and strength of the Patient The Feaver calls for Coolers the Cause requires Coolers likewise and withal such things as digest and purge the Humor offending the Patients strength calls for things that corroborate and vigorate the same And in the first place A Cooling Diet must be appointed and which moistens it must be the very same in an exquisite Tertian which we before prescribed in our Cure of Continual Feavers But in a bastard and single Tertian a fuller Diet somwhat is to be enjoyned especially if the Disease prove to be long for then solid Meats are to be given on the wel-day and five or six hours before the fit But in a double Tertian as in an exquisite Tertian the Sick must be nourished only with broth and other supping things This is a most pleasant Drink out of Forestus for those which have a third day Ague Take Fountain Water two pints Cinnamon half an ounce Sugar three ounces Let all be strained cold and raw through an Hippocras Bag. The Patient must not eat when the Fit is coming according to that saying of Hippocrates in Aphor. 11. Sect. 1. For Nature as Galen shews in his Commentary on that place by Concocting of newly eaten Meat is called away from Concoction of the Morbifick Humors Add hereunto That in the fit of an Ague the whol body is filled with a filthy vapor which doth mar and for the most part corrupt that meat which is eaten neer the fit But if the fit prove so long or the Patients body so hot and dry so lean and thinly woven together with wide pores that it is soon dissolved and dissipated and cannot hold out to the end of the fit the Patient in such a case may be allowed to eat in the fit and it wil be better to eat when the fit is in the state or height than at any other time Howbeit in the beginning also and in the augmentation necessity compelling Meat may be given For so Galen in the tenth of his Method Chap. 5. was compelled to give Meat even in the beginning of the fits unto such as had this kind of Ague being of a hot and dry temperature unto whom fasting is extreamly hurtful lest they should fall into swooning fits And in imitation of him Amatus Lusitanus in the 68. Cure of the fourth Century to one that was full of and vomited pure Choller and by that means fell into swooning fits he gave bread dipt in water and sprinkled with Juyce of sown Grapes in the beginning of the Ague fit by which means he hindered the aforesaid Symptomes There is one thing yet further to be observed both in this and all other Agues That the Patient do neither eat drink nor sleep before the fit But it wil be good that the Patient go to stool by means of a Clyster provided the same be administred before the beginning of the fit Having therefore ordered a convenient Diet we must forth with proceed to evacuate the Morbifick Matter which seeing it sticks in the first Passages it must be voided not only by Clyster but by Purges and Vomitories Clysters in an exquisite Tertian must be made of an Emollient and Cooling Decoction with Cassia Catholicum Diaprunum simple and purgative But in a bastard Tertian let the Decoction be of Emollient and Cutting simples dissolving therein Diaphoenicon Honey of Roses c. Purgative Medicaments in an exquisite Tertian must be the same which have been propounded in continual Feavers But in a bastard Tertian there must be added Agarick Senna Catholicum Diaphoenicon and others such as the Judicious Physitian shall conceive most suitable to the constitution of the sick And in every sort of Agues Cream of Tartar may profitably be added to the Medicaments because it opens Obstructions is potently clensing and yet cools withal Purging Medicines are to be given on the day of Intermission and that in the morning as commonly is used if the time of Intermission fall within those hours if not the middle space between the two fits must be chosen And at any hour of the day or night we may give a Purge provided it be far from the Fit and the Stomach have digested what was last eaten But in a double Tertian 't is an hard matter to choose a convenient time to give a Purge because many times not above three or four hours do fal between two fits Yea And somtimes the fits are so long that the one begins before the other be ended which makes them be called Febres Subintrantes encroaching or intruding Feavers For then the speediness of the occasion or opportune time requires the uttermost diligence of the Physitian Now the more commodious hour of giving the Medicine is thus to be chosen In a double Tertian not encroaching the Medicament must be given in the end of the Fit at such a distance from the following Fit that the working of the Physick may be over ere the other Fit come But in an encroaching Ague when the latter Fit interfers with the former the Medicament must be given in the beginning of the declination as soon as it begins never so little to remit And in both Cases the Patient must drink Broth three hours after the Medicament is taken yet so as that there must be remaining three hours from the Broth-taking before the next Fit begin So that the Medicament is to be given at least six hours before the next Fit As for Vomits What was said of them in the Cure of Continual Feavers may be here very commodionsly applyed because the abundance of evil Humors conteined in the Stomach Mesenterie and Cavity of the Liver which is wont to cause these Feavers is brought away by Vomit which somtimes cannot be moved by purging Medicines given again and again as Fernelius hath well observed And therefore If in the beginning of the Fit the Patient be vexed with Vomitings the Physitian shall do well to follow that motion of Nature And seeing the gentlest sorts of Vomits will not ordinarily serve the turn we must proceed to the middle sort such as is especially Asarum of the pouder whereof half adram two scruples or one dram is given in Broth or some other convenient Liquor Others give the Decoction thereof which is made of three drams of Asarum Roots boiled in Chicken Broth or in Barley Broth made with Raisons The Chymists do give white Vitriol prepared and Salt of Vitriol and also Aqua Benedicta which is made of Crocus Metallorum Which as other Medicaments made of Antimony as they do somtimes happily rid away such morbifick Matter as is lodged in the first passages about the Stomach and Mesenterie c. So do they require a prudent and skilful Physitian to administer them otherwise they are like
Double Tertian Now these Double and Triple Quartans come of Melancholly putrefying in divers parts of the Body The Signs to know this Ague by are first such things as argue that Melancholly abounds in the Patient Unto which must be added the coming of the Fit upon the fourth day which is the peculiar sign Also the form of the fit differing from the fits of other Agues doth discover this Disease For it begins with yawning and stretchings together with heaviness of the whol Body after which follows cold and then shivering and shaking in which the Patients seem to have their bones broken Also the heat is kindled by little and little in a cold and thick Matter The Pulse is seldomer and slower than in other Feavers The Urines are at first white thin and watry but in the progress they are more colored and thicker Now these signs appear in a legitimate Quartan But in a bastard Quartan the vehemence of the Symptomes being greater doth argue the Humor to be thinner and hotter But a bastard Quartan is not distinguished from a legitimate herein alone in that in a bastard Quartan the heat thirst watchings and other Symptoms are more vehement but in that the legitimate begins of it self without any Feaver foregoing but a bastard Quartan succeeds other Feavers and Agues by reason of the adustion of the Humor which caused those Diseases by means of which adustion it degenerates into Preternatural Melancholly A Double Quartan is easily known by the Course of the fits And a Triple Quartan is distinguished from a Double Tertian and a Quotidian not only by the Signs of Melancholly abounding and by the form of the Fits but also because it was first a Single or a Double Quartan before it came to be a Triple Quartan For very rarely or never doth a Quartan Ague begin with a Triple but a Simple or Double Quartan degenerates into a Triple As for what concerns the Prognostick this kind of Ague is wont to be longest of all others and that which begins in the fal of the leaf continues al Winter commonly and goeth not away til the Spring come Yea and some Quartans continue a yeer or yeers Summer Quartans are the shortest In al of them we must have a continual eye to the signs of concoction which signifie the solution of the disease to be at hand and with these for the patient to make black urine is a good token A legitimate Quartan is longer than a bastard Quartan because the former proceeds from a thicker the latter from a thinner Humor This kind of Ague is wont to be very safe from danger especially the legitimate being accompanied with no grievous affection of any of the bowels But the bastard Quartan is more dangerous and if the Liver Spleen or any other part be grievously damnified it degenerates into a Dropsie Aged persons above sixty years being taken with a Quartan Ague do for the most part dy of it because their naturall heat is too weak to overcome so contumacious an Humor An intermitting Quartan being changed into a continual is for the most part deadly Because that Feaver whose motion was outward is changed into one whose motion is inward Which mostly falls out in the Winter the cold meeting with the humours which were but outward and beating them back into the innermost Closets of the Body The which also come to pass by unseasonable use of sharp and vehement purges For thereby of simple Quartans double triple and continual are generated A Quartan Ague coming upon one that hath the falling sickness cures the same according to Hippocrates in the 70 Aphorism of the 5 Section Those that have Quartan Agues are not much troubled with Convulsions And if having first Convulsions a Quartan Ague follows they are freed from their Convulsions Now the reason which Galen in his Comment gives hereof is because the thick matter which caused the Convulsions is by the long heat of this Ague attenuated and digested Also by the shaking of the Body in the cold Fits the said Humor is more easily ejected We must also add that the evil Humors lurking in the Brain and other parts as also in the veins is transferred to the Hypochondria and more ignoble parts where the Melancholly Quartanary Humors are seated and so leaves the parts aforesaid A bloody flux coming upon a quartan Ague tends to health according to Hippocrates in the 48 Aphorism of the sixt section To such as are splenetick a Dysenterie is good Now in a quartan Ague commonly the Spleen is misaffected and a melancholly humor is common to a quartan Ague and a misaffected Spleen but this must be understood of a short dysenterie for a long one is wont to be mortal as we have it in the 43. Aphorism of the said section Such as being troubled with the Spleen have a flux of the Belly with pain if it turn into a long Dysenterie or Bloody flux they fall either into a Dropsie or a Lienterie and dy To bleed at the nose in a quartan Ague is a very bad sign Because the Humor which causes a quartan is too thick and too cold to be voided that way and because such bleeding is symptomatical and if it continue wil breed a dropsie it must presently be stopped by opening the basilica vein out of which the putrid blood may flow because the pure blood comes from the Nose The quartan Ague hath a double cure according to the two kinds thereof For the remedies used in a bastard quartan must be far different from those which are used in a legitimate one And that we may begin with a Legitimate quartan we must presently set our selves to vanquish the cause thereof not regarding the Feaver And seeing the cause thereof is an humor cold and dry thick and earthly we must use medicaments that do heat moisten and attenuate Also the Peccant Humor must be at seasonable times evacuated which notwithstanding will require a long time to do because of the extream contumacy of the Humor and length of the disease But before these medicines be used we must appoint the patient a convenient diet Let the patient therefore use meats of good juyce easy to digest of thin substance and moderately heating and moistening as the flesh of young Animals and mountain Birds new Egs soft boiled Fishes that are taken in stony Rivers In the state of the disease we may allow the patient Salt Fish Capars and Olives Galen 1. ad Glauco Grants likewise Pepper and Mustard Among Herbs Borrage is commended and Bugloss Pimpernel and Spinach Fennell and Parsly Roots but especailly Turneps which must be first boiled in water and afterwads in fat broath which is very good for such as have the quartan Crato in his Councels collected by Scholtzius brags that he had cured many of the quartan Ague by the second broath of turneps seasoned with Butter and Sugar Of fruits Apples and stewed Prunes Raisons of the Sun fat Figs Almonds
and peculiar Signs of a malignant Feaver For they are found in no other kind of Feaver forasmuch as they do arise from a vitious quality of the blood or other humors joyned with malignity Yet there do appear in other diseases spots very like unto those aforesaid but springing from a far different Cause viz. From the over thinnes of the blood which being exagitated by the heat or the expulsive faculty does sprout forth of the Capillary Veins into the Skin These spots are wont for the most part to appear in such as have some flux of blood because the blood in such is more thin and watry and also in splenetick persons in such as have the Jaundise and old obstructions of the Bowels and in a word in al such who by reason of the weaknes of their Bowels do breed watry blood and are apt to fal into a Cachexy For in such persons the blood being made thinner than ordinary sometimes flows out at the Nose somtimes at some other part and somtimes it comes out of the Capillary Veins into the Skin where being retained it losethits own coluor and becomes either blewish or black or light red and causes great variety of spots which notwithstanding are very far different from the spots of pestilential feavers and do argue nothing but the watry thinness of the blood and weakness of the Liver Now those spots which come out in Pestilential feavers do arise from Humors putrefiing and infected with an evil quality Furthermore those spots do break out somtimes critically and somtimes Symptomatically Critically when as Nature haveing either in Part or in whol overcome the putrefaction and corrected the bad quality does drive the corrupt humor to the external parts And then the disease is evermore abated Symptomatically when Nature is pricked forward by the quantity or evil quality of the morbifick matter does transmit a portion thereof unto the Skin before it be concocted or the evil quality thereof amended And from thence the Patient receives no Ease but rather Nature haveing unprofitably wrastled with the disease it is a token rather that shee is conquered than conquers The Colours of these spots are divers and do show the Diversity of the humors by which they are bred For the red spots are bred of the purer sort of blood and the black from chollerick blood more or less adust As for the store of these spots somtime they appear in greater numbers and somtimes in less They begin to appear somtimes on the fourth fifth seventh or ninth or some other critical day if their coming out portend any good somtimes on other daies when there is little good to be hoped for thereby Somtimes they are seen in al parts of the body but most frequently in the Loynes brest and Neck Now the Diseases which come upon a pestilential feaver for the most part are somthing coming out like Pox called Exanthemata Pushes and Ulcers of the Mouth Carbuncles Risings in the Groyn and behind the Ears The Exanthemata aforesaid differ from the purple spots because in the spots there is only the color changed but here is a certain rising in these Exanthemata to an head Somtimes they are like warts and somtimes less resembling millet seed Somtimes they are red being caused by blood somtimes white proceeding of flegm or Serosities yellow from choller purple from adust Choller blewish or black by reason of great burning or Mortification Some break out Symptomatically others Critically others in a middle way Some dry away others come to matter others grow to be ulcerous To these may be referred pushes appearing in the Mouth which have al the differences of the forsaid Exanthemata and are somtimes so malignant that the sick can hardly endure to eat and drink From Children they often Cause Death because they wil not endure the pain of eating and drinking These pushes do somtimes degenerate into Ulcers which breed very great trouble to the patients hindering the motion of their tongue and especially their swallowing But somtimes Ulcers are bred in the Mouth immediately without any pustules or pushes foregoing which the Greeks cal Aphthe of which there are many sorts For some are superficial others profound some clean others foul some benign others malignant some with a Crust others without And the Crust is somtimes white somtimes yellow somtimes blewish or black Those which are deep filthy and malignant and that have a black Crust are the most dangerous Carbuncles and Buboes are wont to rise in divers parts of the body but especialy where the Glandules are because the expulsive faculty being provoked by a malignant quality does expel the pernicious matter from the internal parts especially the more noble ones to the external so that from the Brain shee sends it to the Glandules or kernels behind the Ears from the Heart to the Arm-pits from the Liver to the Groyns whence swellings under the Ears called Parotides those in the Groyn called Bubones do arise Which kinds of tumors do cheifly appear in a true pestilential feaver especially those in the Groyn which therefore the common people call the Pest or Plague But Carbuncles and Parotides orrisings behind the Ears do also break out in malignant Feavers but in such as are at the top of malignity and come very neer the Nature of true Pestilential Feavers Signs commemorative are chiefly in request when Physitians are called to view the Corps of the dead at â—uch times as there is a Plague abroad or some suspition thereof that it may be known whether the party died of the plague or not And first of al in such dead bodies there do somtimes appear those spots of which we spake before and somtimes marks or stripes as it were after whipping for these are the tokens of a Pestilential disease and venemous seeing those that are poysoned have also these signs And those spots do especially denote the Pestilence when they are of a lead Color or black Also those Exanthemata spoken of before do shew the same especially if they have a bad Color but much more the Buboes Tarotides and Carbuncles whereunto may be added such signs as have appeared in the Course of the disease for the recounting of them wil make a certain demonstration The Prognostick of Pestilential Feavers is so uncertain that nothing can be certainly affirmed touching their Event until certain tokens appear either that Nature or the disease hath gotten victory which is not wont to happen unless about the end of the state or the Beginning of the Declination Where the discreet Physitian ought to delay and suspend his Judgment touching the Issue of the disease in the Beginning and the Augment Wee must nevertheless propound the chief tokens out of which we may draw a great Conjecture whether the disease wil end in Death or Health by help whereof we may foresee what is to be hoped or feared yet not being over confident for Experience hath taught us that many have escaped
present remedy against poisons and drives them out of the body by sweat or insensible transpiration And they Conceive that Plant to be the Common ordinary food of Those beasts in which the Bezoar stone is found and that the stone hath its vertue primarily from thence A scruple or half a dram of this Root poudered may be given in Carduus matter or other medicaments Mendererus cries up this following pouder Take Sugar Candy three drams white-ginger two drams Camphire one dram Make al into a pouder the dose one dram in some convenient liquor But the Author doth advise that in great paines of the head or stomach Camphire is warily to be used which yet he highly commends in pestilential diseases and avouches that seasonably given il doth more good than the most precious bezoardick medicaments I conceive the pouder is too hot because of the Ginger and I have Composed this following in imitation thereof Which I have vsed with happy success Take mineral Bezoar three drams Sal prunella two drams Camphire one dram Make of all a pouder Give one dram at a time in Carduus water or som other convenient Liquor Pouders may likewise be made of the fragments of precious stones whose vertues many deride others as much admire so that from the times of the Arabian Physitians to our days many compositions are prepared of them in the shops as Electuarium de Gemmis Confectio de Hyacintho But in pestilential and venemous diseases many have extolled the great vertu of the Smaragd amongst the rest Avenzoar Mindererus and Zacutus Lusitanus Avenzoar 2 Teisir tract 1. Cap. 5. That himself being poysoned was thereby cured Mindererus Lib. de Pestilentia Cap 15. Relates that to a woman in a Pestilential Feaver who abhorred al Physick he gave the following Pouder which she might easily swallow haveing neither tast nor smel which when shee had taken the conbustions of cruel symptomes being allaied and the disease turning to health she was cured Take of the Smaragd stone prepared East-india Bezoar of each six grains Hyacinth prepared three graines mix them Make of all a pouder for one Dose And Zacutus Lusitanus relates that a Portugal Gentleman haveing through poyson fallen into a loosness and a Consumption from which no abstersives astringents or Antidotes could free him he was cured only by the Smaragd the pouder whereof to the quantity of twelve graines he tooke every other day in conserve of quinces and when he had taken it five times he was cured of his Loosness The Physitians of Mountpelier doe use in this Feaver as a most profitable Antidote no ways heating the Troches of Vipers which are usually prepared as an ingredient into Andromachus Treacle which they give from one scruple to half a dram in cordial waters or Juleps Yet the flesh of vipers were better being dried which hath no venemous quality as people imagine but is rather a potent Antidote which is much abated by boiling for it is boiled in water to make the troches So that we see greater effects wrought only by the heart and Liver of vipers being dryed without any other preparation The Alexipharmick Medicaments of the third Tribe viz. The Diaphoreticks and sweaters must be given only in the state or declination of the disease as was said before which is to be understood when they are given in a feaver simply malignant or spotted for in the true Plague they must be used at the very beginning that the venemous qualitie which would quickly kill the Patient may be suddenly and potently opposed and the malignant vapors discussed Yea verily and in simple malignant Feavers if the venemous quality seem to be greater than the putrefaction they are likewise to be given at the beginning in small quantity making choyce of such as are least hot mixing them with Juleps and other cooling medicines formerly precribed Now of these Diaphoretick medicaments there are divers degrees for som are more hot as Angelica Zedoary Dictamnum Treacle Mithridate Treakle water which are never to be given when the heat of the Feaver is at the highest but only when the same is much abated and when the signs of malignity do very much prevail But others are less hot as Scabious Carduus Mead-sweet Scordium which may safely be given though the Feaver be in it's height And these distinctions are carefully to be observed in practice and as for the formes of particuliar medicaments every Physitian can vary them according to the different degree of the Feaverish Heat and of the Malignitie But I shall here discribe such as are most effectuall Take water of Mead-sweet and Carduus of each two ounces juice of Lemmons one ounce old Treakle half a dram two scruples or one dram according as the fear of heating the Patient is more or less Mix al into a potion give it warm and cover the patient somwhat more than ordinary if there be great vehemency of symptoms new Treakle wil be more convenient because of the vigor of the Opium by means of which the vehemency of the symptoms will be allaied and the boyling of the Humors wil be restrained yea and somtimes when it seems unconvenient to use Treakle as in the beginning of the disease especially Laudanum Opiatum given to two grains mingled with Antidotes do much good For by the Narcotick and congealing power thereof those fervent Spirits so vexatious to the Heart are as it were fixed and the morbifick matter which is most pernicious while it is in motion is thereby stopped and remains in a manner unmoveable whence it comes to pass that Nature not being provoked by the malignant humors and spirits recollecting her strength doth more easily apply unto her self the vertu of Antidotes Aqua theriacalis seems fit to be preferred before Treacle it self For seeing it is exceeding thin and spiritous it doth more easily and suddenly peirce into and pass through the whol body and Cause sweat And because there are many descriptions of Treacle water their dose ought to differ according as they are compounded of Simples more or less healing I shal in this place propound the chief And first of al the Treacle water of Bauderon is most excellent because it is exceeding temperate For there goes no other Liquor thereinto than Vineger and Juyce of Lemmons by which the hot Ingredients are very much tempered and therefore it may be given from half an ounce to an ounce in Sudorofick decoctions or waters And although this is less heating than any of the rest prescribed by divers other Authors yet have I invented another easily made which is more cooling and does no less oppose the Feaver than the malignant quality and may consequently be used in the whol course of the disease at any period thereof It s composition is as followeth Take twelve fresh and juycie Lemmons Take away the bark or rind and the seeds and press out the fuyce and ad thereunto the said rindes and seeds and three pints of
in them Carabe Amber Cronical Diseases such as usually last very long as Quartan Agues Stone Dropsies c. Crystal of Tartar Cream of Tartar Consistence Body or Substance Catheter an hollow Silver Instrument to thrust into the Bladder when the Urine is stopt by a stone to thrust back the stone and let out the Urine Complication of Diseases when divers Diseases are in the Body at the same time especially if they depend one upon another Coalition healing up growing together of a Wound or Ulcer or any Part that ought to be open as of the Privity in some Girls Coincide is to happen together at one and the same time Cachectical Persons are such as have their whol Bodies blown up with a soft and moist swelling with the color of the Face white or lead-colored Also their Legs especially swell and their Face is bloated Coindicants are divers things in a Disease or Patient which plead for one and the same Remedies So in a putrid Feaver the person being full bodied and the season warm also the person lusty and yong The Feaver the fulness of Blood in the Patient his Age and strength and Season of the Year are Coindicants that he must be let Blood Contra-indicants are divers considerations that disswade a Remedy As when in a putrid Feaver old Age Winter Season Weakness are Contra-indicants that disswade from Blood-letting which the Feaver simply considered doth indicate or perswade and hint out Coction of Humors is their being separated from the Mass of good Blood and fitted for expulsion As when thin Humors are moderately thickened and tough clammy Humors are cut and divided This Coction of Humors is known by the Urine when it hath a light even and smooth setling c. Causa sine qua non The Cause without which a thing cannot be though it be not the principal Cause thereof So a Taylors Shop-boord is a Cause sine qua non without which a Garment cannot be made though himself and the stuff the shape and the end be principal Causes Commemorative bringing to remembrance what is past Cicatrize is to bring unâ—o a Scar which is done when Wounds and Ulcers are healed up Contumacy stubbornness rebellion D DIureticks Provokers of Urine Diagnosis the knowledg of a Disease Distillation a flowing down of thin Humors from the Brain into several parts Decoction the Liquor where in things are boyled the Broth of Herbs and other Medicaments Diagnosticks the Signs to know what Disease a Patient hath Defluxion the same with Distillation also a running together of Humors into any part causing pain or swelling c. Delirium Dotage raving talking idlely in time of sickness especially Diarrhoea a simple Loosness without Inflamation of the Guts any extream pain or voiding of Blood Diaphoenicon see the London Dispensatory in English Diacatholicon Diacarthamum see the Dispensatory Diet this signifies in many places a Diet drink Diminished Lessened Diminution a lessening Discuss dispel invisibly as a Plaister that makes a swelling go away without breaking is said to discuss the same because the Matter of the swelling is not seen to come away but is turned into steems and vapors and partly drinks up the substance of the Plaister and so vanisheth invisibly Declination of a Disease is the breaking of the Disease when it begins to tend to health which is known by the Symptomes growing more gentle Diverting Medicines which turn aside the Humor causing the disease so that it flow not into the part offended Dislocation putting out of its place Derived turned away from Diffuse spread abroad Dâ—ssipated scattered abroad Demonstrated cleerly proved from undeniable Arguments Depravations marrings spoilings hurtings Depressed made flat or hollow dented in Distemper any excess of the four first qualities Heat Cold Moisture Dryness There are reckoned four simple or single distempers viz. a Hot a Cold a Moist a Dry and four compound viz. Hot and Moist Hot and Dry Cold and Moist Cold and Dry. Dilated widened Dilatation widening Debility weakness Distortion writhing wresting crooking Dissipating â—pread abroad driving away Derivations drawing an offensive Humor from the part diseased to some other part neer it Digestives Medicines which prepare evil Humors for to be driven out by Nature Dissolved melted consumed away It is used of swellings that are brought down by Oyntments or Plaisters and in other cases when the Humor causing the Disease is invisibly driven away The Drum mentioned in page 96. is a pretty little hollow bone in the Ear covered with a thin Skin like a Drum which being beaten upon by another little bone like a mallet doth cause sounds to be heard in the Ear. See Veslingus his Anatomy in English Diapedesis is an issuing of the blood through the Pores of the Veins The Day of Judgment or Critical day is that day in feavers especially wherein it appears on which side sentence is given whether on the â—lantifs viz. the Diseases or on Natures the Defendant so that by some Evacuation or swelling or other great mutation to the better or worse it appears whether the Patient is like to recover or not Distention stretching Depraved marred spoiled Dilatation widening opening Diaphragma the Midrif Dyspnaea shortness of breath Dysentery a Bloody-flux Diagrydiates Medicines that have Scammony or Diagry dium in them Dissolution of Natural Heat a decay of Natural Heat Diaphoretick Sweats which are caused by Nature oppressed with a malignant Humor and forcibly driving the same out by Sweat Dung-gate the Arse-hole Distillations by descent are when the Liquor which comes from the Materials stilled doth not rise up above the said Materials as in ordinary distillation but falls down under the Materials stilled which are therefore laid upon a Grace that the bottom of the Vessel may be empty and free to receive the distilled Liquor E EXcrement the Dregs of Digestion in the Body voided by Dung Urine and Sweat Evacuation an emptying or voiding forth purging Epispastick a Plaister to draw a Blister called also a Vesicatory or any strong drawing Plaister Errhines Medicinal Liquors to be snuft up thâ— Nostrils to purge the Brain Empyema Empyems a corrupt matter between the breast and the lungs following a Pleurisâ—e Erysipelas Oedematosum a tertian swelling arising from choller and flegm Eliphantiasis a leprous disease which makes the Patients skin like the Hide of an Elephant Electuary See the London Dispensatory Expulsion driving forth as of Excrements Dung Urine Sweat c. Expel to drive forth Eruption breaking forth Extinguished quenched put out Emunctuaries or Emunctoryes certain waies and passages that Nature finds to drive ill Humors into from the Principal Parts as certain Kernels behind the Ears and in the Groins under the Arm-pits c. where risings happened in time of Pestilence c. Essentially springing P. 11. that is primarily and principally not accidentally or occasionally Ebullition boiling and working of the blood in the Veins like New-wine in a Cask Extension stretching out Extenuation Leanness Consumption of flesh
Leguers c. an ingenious and diligent Chyrurgion Apothecary or any other that hath from his youth been exercised in these kind of studies and conversant about the sick may attain such a competent knowledg in the Causes and Methodical Cure of Diseases as they may with honor to themselves and profit to the sick by Gods Blessing supply the place of a more learned Physitian For the use of such persons these Books are intended and for diligent Midwives and not that every Fool should turn Physitian or that every Reader should tamper with him or her self Also divers Honorable Ladies and Gentlewomen that out of a truly Christian and Charitable Disposition have not disdained but counted it a great Honor to be helpful to the poor in the time of their sickness may by perusal of these Books and the like confirm and encrease their knowledg and become honorable Instruments in the Hand of God of much relief and comfort to many poor distressed Creatures in their respective Countries and places of Habitation For the worthy sakes of which honorable Ladies and Gentlewomen in the first and chiefest place and for the ease of all others unacquainted with the Greek and Latin Tongues and consequently unable to understand divers terms of Art and other words drawn from the said Tongues which it was necessary to retain for brevity sake and to avoid tedious Circumlocutions I have caused a Physical Dictionary to be added at the end of these Books explaining all such terms of Art aforesaid as are used therein When the Reader meets in these Books with the names of Simple or Compound Medicaments and desires a more full knowledg of them let him have recourse to the London Dispensatory in English where he may be satisfied for it had been an endless and vain work to repeat what hath there been said If there occur accidentally the name of any Disease which the Reader would better understand let him look into the Table of the Contents of the Chapters of these seventeen Books and he shall find the Chapter intituled from that Disease in the beginning of which Chapter he shall find the said Disease described and explained Also the Reader may please to take notice That many hard phrases in these Seventeen Books are explained in the Context by more easie words following which signifie the same with the foregoing hard word As for example MASTICATORIES or Chewing Medicines giving the Reader to understand that Masticatories is as much as to say Medicines Medicines that are only chewed in the mouth to bring away Rhewm by spetting So GARGARISMS that is Medicines to Gargle in the Throat A PLETHORICK or full Body EMPYEMA or Corrupt matter gathered between the Chest and Lungs HYPOCHONDRIA or Parts under the short Ribs A VESICATORY or Plaister to draw Blisters Many such passages there are throughout these Books where the latter Clause is an exposition of the former And that thou maist know to whose great Industry and pains thou art obliged for the Englishing this most excellent piece of Art know that by reason of eight several Editions in Latin of which there hath been fifteen thousand Books sold it hath been three times translated at my charge By Nicholas Culpeper Physitian and Astrologer Abdiah Cole Doctor in Physick who hath practised Physick twenty nine Yeers in the Service of three of the greatest Princes in Europe and William Rowland a Knowing Physitian and also by an eminently learned and pious Physitian who desires not to be named being as he saies content with the applause of his own Conscience which tels him that while he was imployed about this Work he was doing that which would weigh down in profit to his Country all the good that all the Physitians in London did or could do in the same time a work that tends to profit many millions not only of this Generation but of all that shall follow till the world become one great Bone-fire or this Nation and Language perish together And it hath been he saies a longtime his Opinion That it is more rational manly generous and Christian whilst God shall please to afford him Food and Rayment to imploy his time and pains in Actions largely conducing to the good of Man-kind though little advancing his own Fortunes than in matters of petty and poor Concernment that bring great gain with them In which generous Resolution God the Author of it will he hopes preserve him to his dying day at which time the fruit and profit of his Labors will comfort him but all the gain in the world will do him no good at all Use our Labors with Diligence Care Ingenuity Compassion towards the sick and in the fear of God Attribute the Success and Honor of all thy Endeavors to him Bless him for the Light he discovers to this Generation denied to so many Millions of our Ancestors Bless him for the Piety and Noble Generosity of our Governors that give us leave to Be as Good as we Will and to Do all the Good we Can though seeming to cross private Interest Oh! what would we have given for this single Priviledg a few Yeers since Or what would the poor Protestants in France and Germany give for the like Favor How many of them have been lately Massacred or made fly from all that was neer and deer to them for want of such a Mercy as this Finally Pray for those that have taken pains in the Work and among the rest for Thy hearty Wel-wisher PETER COLE From my Printing-house in Leaden-Hall June 2. 1655. The Names of several Books Printed by Peter Cole in Leaden-Hall London and are to be sold at his Shop at the sign of the Printing-press in Cornhil neer the Exchange Right several Books by Nich. Culpeper Gent. Student in Physick and Astrology 1 A Translation of the New Dispensatory made by the Colledg of Physitians of London Whereunto is added The Key to Galen's Method of Physick 2 A Directory for Midwives or a Guide for Womâ—n Newly enlarged by the Author in every sheet and Illustrated with divers new Plates 3 Galen's Art of Physick with a large Comment 4 The English Physitian Enlarged being an Astrologo-Physical Discourse of the vulgar Herbs of this Nation wherein is shewed how to cure a mans self of most Diseases incident to Mans Body with such things as grow in England and for three pence charge Also in the same Book is shewed 1 The time of gathering all Herbs both Vulgarly and Astrologically 2 The way of drying and keeping them and their Juyces 3 The way of making and keeping all manner of useful Compounds made of those Herbs The way of mixing the Medicines according to the Cause and Mixture of the Disease and the part of the Body afflicted 5 The Anatomy of the Body of Man Wherein is exactly described the several parts of the Body of Man illustrated with very many larger Brass Plates than ever was in English before 6 A New Method both of studying and
which when he would have it more drying he adds Barley Meal and Millet Meal And if the pain be great he makes it of Milk He commends also the Cataplasm of Leek Heads boyled in Common Oyl or Oyl of Myrtles or made of Pilewort boyled in Water Green Elder Leaves boyled to slime in Water and then spread upon a cloth as big as the Palm of your Hand and applied hot to the Patient lying upon his Belly if it be often renewed for many hours and the part first anointed with common Oyl or the Decoction of the same is very excellent The Leaves also of Elder stamped and applied cold do take away the pain the third dressing Also Purslain stamped and applied asswageth pain and swelling heats the Ulcers and consumeth proud flesh A white Onion roasted in the Embers and made with fresh Butter into a Cataplasm doth asswage pain and discuss the Tumor Let Fomentations be applied to the part to take away pain made of the Decoction of Mullein Mallows Holyhocks Pellitory Lin-seed Foenugreek seed Marsh-mallows Chamomel flowers and Dill boyled in Milk or in the want of Milk in Water and Oyl or Tripe Broth. You may make a Bath with a greater quantity of the same Ingredients Cold Water alone is a good Fomentation and a Bath also But in Winter warm it Also foment in Rose Water in which Salt of Lead hath been dissolved especially if the part be inflamed To take away swelling it is good to foment with red Wine wherein Allum is boyled Polypody of the Oak and St. Johns-wort boyled in equal parts of Wine and Water doth sensibly abate the swelling of the Hemorrhoids if the Decoction be squeezed in by degrees with a spunge the Waters of hot Baths applied with Spunges or to sit in are also good Aquapendens applieth a Spunge dipped in Time Water and squeezed and after bound upon the part a Fumigation of the aforesaid Decoction while it is hot or of Mullein boyled in Milk with Rye Flower doth also appease pain Or Take of Housleek two handfuls boyl them in white Wine and let the Patient receive the Fume through an hollow Chair To consume and dry up the Piles a Fumigation made of the Pouder of Darnel Mullein Pilewort cast upon hot coals is good and better if you mix Brimstone therewith Also it is made of Brimstone only which taken in with a Funnel drieth up the blind Hemorrhoids Also a Fumigation made of a Fire-stone quenched in Vinegar And this following Injection is marvelous good for the same if often used Take of Juyce of Plantane and Oyl of Violets of each four ounces Natural Balsom half an ounce Make an Injection into the Anus Amatus Lusitanus in the 91. Cure Cent. 2. doth praise this following Suppository in these words A Roman Lady which lived at St. Angelo's Bridg having her Womb forth complained also of the pain of the Hemorrhoids And after we had used many choyce Medicines by which she received no benefit we gave her a Suppository of Goats Suet and Opium by which she was cured perfectly But we washed the part afterwards with strengthening things warm as ought to be after stupefying Medicines have been applied The same Amatus Curat 6. Cent. 3. commends this following Topick in these words A Reverend man was grievously troubled with the Hemorrhoids and after divers means used by Physitians was cured by us with this Medicine immediately Take an Orange and make it hollow and fill it with Oyl of Roses and of Spike then roast it and apply it hot repeated often it is wonderful The Lungs of a Goat are used commonly applied hot to the part or some slices made hot between two Dishes with a little VVater to asswage pain Both the aforesaid Ealsom of Sulphur and these following Oyntments are good for the Piles ulcerated Take of new Oyl of Eggs two ounces Stir them in a Leaden Mortar and apply them Take four ounces of Oyl of Roses and one ounce of Ceruss With half an ounce of Litharge and six drams of new Wax and four grains of Opium Make an Oyntment Or Take of Frankinsence Myrrh and Saffron of each one dram Opium two grains One Yolk of an Egg Oyl of Roses and Mucilage of Fleabane seeds of each as much as will make an Oyntment If they will not easily be dissolved you must open them after convenient Revulsions rubbing them with a rough cloth dipped in the Juyce of Onions in which there was dissolved one dram of Aloes This is Hartmans Secret But they are soon opened and with less pain with a Pen-knife or Hors-leeches Some special things are taken by the Mouth to asswage pain and consume the Hemorrhoids The chief are these The Decoction of Yarrow taken three daies as ordinary Drink and the seed of three Leaved Grass given many daies together with the Yolk of an Egg is also excellent The Pouder of Mullein given in Milk or otherwise is much approved against the Swelling of the Piles The Pouder of Yarrow and Tormentil are commended to do the same The Juyce of Mullein by its self or mixed with Sugar of Roses or Penedies or made into a Syrup with Sugar is also excellent Finally Pills of Bdellium taken often do consume the Piles and take away the cause of them insensibly An Issue made in the Legg is very good for them who are subject to this Disease The End of the Tenth Book THE ELEVENTH BOOK OF THE PRACTICE OF PHYSICK Of the Diseases of the Liver The PREFACE THe Liver as other parts is subject to all kind of Diseases For as it is compounded of similarly parts it hath divers distempers and as it is an organical part it is Affected with Tumors and stoppages as also with solution of Continuity which is Wounds and Vlcers And although the Dropsie be in the whol Abdomen or Belly as in an Ascites or Tympanites or in the whol Body as in Anasarca yet the Original thereof for the most part is from the Liver We intend here only to shew the chief Diseases which are most ordinary and we shal Comprehend them in Six Chapters The first whereof is concerning the Hot distemper of the Liver The second of the Inflamation Vlcer and Imposthume of the Liver The third of Obstruction of the Liver The fourth of the Jaundice The fifth of Scirrhus The sixth of the Dropsie Chap. 1. Of the Hot Distemper of the Liver MAny men have a Hot Distemper of their Liver from their Birth of which here we shal not treat but only of that preternatural Disease which manifestly hindereth the Actions of the Liver This Distemper is either Simple or Compound either with Matter or without but for the most part it hath Matter joyned with it because a Hot Distemper of the Liver useth to produce Hot and Chollerick Humors The Causes of this Distemper are Hot Weather immoderate Exercise much Anger and other great Passions of the Mind and especially hot nourishment and Physick or things Spiced a
pure and strong Wine drunken plentifully To these you may ad the Heat of the Part adjacent as in strong Feavers the Liver waxeth Hot from the heat of the Heart The Signs of a Hot Distemper of the Liver are Loathing of Meat especially Flesh Thirst binding of the Belly vehement heat in the whol body especially in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet leanness of the whol body the Patient is worse for hot things and better for cold and if there be plenty of hot Humors there wil somtimes be Vomiting and purging of Choller there is a bitterness in the mouth and for the most part a Feaver As to the Prognostick A Hot Distemper of the Liver is not very dangerous because it is not much contrary to the Constitution of the Liver but it useth to be the Cause of many Diseases not only of the Liver but also of other parts It is hard of Cure especially when the Stomach is cold as often it is for those things which are given to Cool the Liver hurt the Stomach and enlarge its Distemper The Cure consists altogether in the correction of the Distemper by cooling Medicines and by the Evacuation of the Chollerick humors which comes from the Liver encreasing the Distemper and that Distemper it and is the Cause of other Diseases And first Opening of a Vein doth much cool the Liver takes away some of the Choller and opens the Obstructions which comes from Choller therefore you must open the Liver Vein of the Right Arm and let such a quantity of blood as is agreeable to the fulness and strength of the Patient either at once or divers times according to the greatness of the Disease and the continuance of it and that after a Clyster or Laxative Medicine hath been administred Then you must give a Medicine which doth gently Purge Choller and Repeat it often at distance or an Apozem for divers Doses or the Magistral Syrup or Syrup of Succory Compound with a four-fold proportion of Rhubarb which is most convenient because it doth innocently purge the Chollerick Humors cooleth the Liver strengthneth it and opens Obstructions The Forms of these Medicines are these that follow Take of clensed Senna and Tamarinds of each half an ounce Annis seeds one dram Succory and Sorrel of each one handful scraped Liquoris three drams the three Cordial Flowers of each half a pugil boyl them to three ounces and dissolve in the straining of Rhubarb infused with a little Lavender Spike in Succory Water one dram and an half double Catholicon three drams syrup of Roses one ounce make a Potion give it in the morning with due custody For the finer sort of People you may make Clarified Potions which are lately invented which are in form of a Julep but somwhat unpleasant to the taste and in them there is prescribed a double quantity of Purging Medicines because the much strength of them is lost in the Clarifying so that they do seldom work upon strong bodies especially in a dry Country where the Humors are less flowing and not so obedient to purges but in moist Countries these kind of Medicines work succesfully This following is an Example of Clarified Potions Take of clean Senna one ounce Annis seeds one dram Succory Leaves and Maiden-Hair of each one handful scraped Liquoris half an ounce boyl them to ten ounces and infuse in the straining two drams of Rhubarb Cassia new drawn and double Catholicon of each one ounce bruised Tamarinds half an ounce Coriander seeds prepared one dram syrup of Roses one ounce strain them and clarifie them according to art make a Potion An Apozeme to Purge Choller is thus made Take of Sorrel Dogs-tooth Succory and Dock Roots of each one ounce Endive Succory Dandelion and Maiden-hair of each one handful of the Four great seeds of each three drams scraped Liquoris one ounce Succory Bugloss and Violet flowers of each one pugil clean Senna two drams Tamarinds one ounce Mace and Cloves of each one dram boyl them to a Pint and a Quarter in the straining dissolve half an ounce of Rhubarb infused in the aforesaid Decoction with a little Cinnamon of compound syrup of Succory and Roses solutive of each two ounces make an Apozeme clarifie it and aromatize it with two drams of yellow Saunders for four mornings draughts A Magistral Syrup may be made of the ingredients of the former Apozeme with a treble quantity of Purgers and adding an equal proportion of Sugar to the Decoction A Syrup made of Juyces is most used amongst us it is of great power in Chronical Diseases which come from a Hot Distemper of the Liver and from yellow and burnt Choller And it is made thus Take of the new made Juyces from their Faeces of Endive Succory Sorrel Fumatory Burrage and Bugloss of each three Pints the Juyce of sweet Apples newly drawn and purified two Pints fresh Polypody of the Oak half a pound clean Senna eight ounces Dodder of Thyme three ounces Agarick newly Trochiscated half an ounce Mace and Cloves of each half a dram infuse them and boyl them according to art while there remains one Pint and an half of the straining in which dissolve of Rhubarb infused with a little Lavender in the aforesaid Juyces and strained one ounce white Sugar one pound and an half make a Syrup well boyled clarified and aromatized with two drams of Triasantalon keep this syrup in a Glass give two ounces at a time or three twice or thrice every month with Chicken Broth wherein Endivs Succory and Sorrel have been boyled or in Whey These things following are excellent to cool the Liver And first for ordinary Drink use the common Ptisan made of Barley Water and Liquoris or with Dog-tooth and Sorrel Roots Or mix such a Decoction with Syrup of Lemmons or Maiden-hair Or they who are more dainty may take only the simple Spring Water mixed with the aforesaid Syrups And if you desire to cool more you may put as much Spirit of Sulphur or of Vitriol as will make it a little sharp And when the heat is very vehement you may give a dram of Lapis Prunellae therewith There is also made a most pleasant Drink of Conserve of Roses mixed with Spring Water and strained to which you may ad some drops of Spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol to make it sharp and red like VVine You may also make a Tincture of Roses thus Take of red Roses dried one ounce warm Water three pints Spirit of Sulphur or Vitriol one dram and an half Infuse them three or four hours add to it being strained three quarters of a pound of white Sugar Keep it for your use The Alexandrine Julep for this purpose is made thus Take of Spring Water one pint Rose Water Juyce of Lemmons and white Sugar of each four ounces Boyl them with a gentle fire till they are skinned These two last Remedies are used two waies either for ordinary Drink or as a Julep twice
water-like and little in the beginning of the fit after which somtimes followeth a total stoppage if both Ureters are stopped but when the fit is past and the stone that was fixed in the Ureters is fallen into the bladder there comes forth much thick troubled Urine with a sandy Sediment The Fourth Sign is often voiding of sand and stones Concerning voiding of a stone it is evident That if the Patient voided any formerly though never so smal when he had a fit it is most certain that the Disease is the Stone But concerning Sand we cannot speak so infallible for we may see many all their lives time void Gravel and never be troubled with the stone for sand comes often from adustion of Humors in the Liver and Veins and it sticks to the sides of the Urinal and goes not to the bottom as that which comes from the Reins Besides if you rub it between your fingers it dissolveth and is like Salt when the other will not yeeld to the fingers and will not dissolve And finally because this Sand is salt it is dissolved in hot Urine nor will it appear while the Urine is so but when it is cold it grows together to the sides of the Urinal not unlike the Crystal of Tartar which being dissolved in warm water when it grows cold congealeth and sticks to the sides of the Glass so the Nature of them both is very like The Fifth Sign is a stone voided and this is most certain For if any former Sign though equivocal do appear and a stone be voided you may be certain of the Disease The Sixth Sign is a numbness of the Thigh on the same side that the Back is pained of for the stone being great doth oppress the Nerve which is in erted into the Muscles of the Loyns under the Reins called by the Anatomists Psenas and those Muscles go to the Hip for its motion such a numbness is percâ—ived by sitting upon the Thigh through the compression or in the Arm by long leaning thereon The Seventh Sign is the drawing in of one stone on that side where the pain is For the Kidneys and Ureters being provoked with the greatness of the pain do vehemently contract themselves and then the Spermatical Vessels and all the parts adjacent are also contracted and these Vessels do raise up the stone which is joyned to them so that it seems somtimes to be fixed to the Groyn And this retraction or drawing in of parts reacheth to the bladder and Guts For in great pain the belly is bound and Urine stopped so that then Purges will not work by reason they are hindered by that Contraction The Eighth Sign is loathing and vomiting by the connexion of the Kidneys with the Stomach by the Membrane that comes from the Peritonaeum and by the Nerve of the sixth Conjugation two branches whereof reach from the Stomach to the inward Tunicle of the Kidneys Therefore when those sensible parts in the Kidneys are pulled the Stomach consenting is stirred up to exclude that which hurteth and first it sends out Flegm then yellow Choller after green if the evil continue because through long pain and watching the blood is altered in the Veins and that part which is most disposed for it is turned into green Choller Finally The Nephritical pain is so like the Chollick that Galen himself was deceived in the distinguishing of them as we shewed in the Diagnosis or Knowldg of the Chollick where also we laid down signs by which we may distinguish them which we shall not need to repeat The Signs afore mentioned are equivocal and one of them can scarce give a certain knowledg Some Authors mention others which are more equivocal and uncertain but joyned with others they help the knowledg of the Disease therefore it will not be amiss to mention them Hipp. Aph. 34. Sect. 7. saith They who have bubbles in their Vrine have an old Disease in the Reins For these bubbles come from thick Humors full of gross vapors which are either bred in the Reins or sent from other parts to them that matter is proper to breed the stone and cannot be presently cured therefore the Disease is long Galen in his Comment upon this Aporism saith that the mouthes of the Arteries which come to the Reins are opened by the sharpness of the Urine and thence comes a Spirit which being mixed with the Urine maketh bubbles But it is not probable that such a gross Spirit that will remain so long should come from the Arteries and Urine being cold may long time so continue as we see many bubbles many hours swimming thereupon And also when the Arteries are opened by the sharpness of the Urine blood will also come forth And the mouthes of the Veins having thin Skins would be more easily opened and so there would be also blood mixed with the bubbles Hippocrates also Aph. 76. Sect. 4. saith They who void little bits of flesh and things like hairs with a thick Vrine do it from the Reins The bits of flesh come from the Ulcer of the Reins of which we shall speak hereafter but these thrids or hairs are said by Galen in his Commentaries to come from thick and crude flegm made long and round by the extraordinary heat of the Reins Yet Galen confesseth 6. loc aff cap. 3. that after a long search he was ignorant of the cause of their length Avicen saith that these thrids grow long in the vessels of the Reins or others for in regard these are taken away by Diureticks and the Patients acknowledg pain in the Reins it is credible that they receive their form from thence Actuarius doth directly say they come from the Ureters For when the Reins abound with flegm it goes with the Urine into the Ureters and sticking to them and growing thick by heat it gets a long shape like a thrid or hair But Fernelius writes that those hairs come from the Parastatis or kernels from his Observation in which they grow long like hairs from the matter of the seed which by force of the Disease flowing down by degrees grows thick by heat and that they appear much in those who have lately had a filthy Gonorrhoea and in those women who have the Whites or a foul Womb and in that Urine which they make next after they have known a man Others suppose that those thick Humors of which those filaments or hairs are made are first bred in the Veins but take their form in the narrow passages of the Reins through which as through a sieve they turn smal and after they descend into the Ureters in which they grow dryer till they are sent into the bladder neither can they be broken by reason of their toughness Whatsoever the cause is since the best Authors do agree that these hairs breed of thick flegm in the Kidneys or come to them from other parts it is certain that they may turn into a stone if there be an efficient cause fit
to produce it And therefore this may be a probable sign of the stone As for the Prognostick The stone of the Kidneys is very dangerous for it useth to bring great evils as Inflamation Exulceration great Pains Watchings dejection of strength Feavers stoppings of Urine and the like dangerous Symptomes If this Disease be Haereditary coming from the Parents it is incurable And because Hippocrates saith that the Diseases of the Reins are hard to be cured in oldmen Aph. 6. Sect. 6. The Stone of the Kidneyes in old men is difficult if not incurable If the pain of the Kidneys continue many daies and cannot be cured with any Medicines there is danger of death and it is neer at hand when they are cold externally and have a cold sweat in the face Urines that are first thin and after thick and have sand at the bottom do signifie that the fit is towards an end A Stone joyned with an Ulcer in the Kidneys is incurable for those things which break the Stone do exasperate the Ulcer The Cure of the pain of the Kidneys and stone sticking in them or in the Ureters is by enlarging of the passages and relaxing them by throwing forth the stone and any other thing that hurts them by removing or taking away the antecedent cause and by taking away the pain Which you may do with these Medicines Take of Marsh-mallow and Lilly Roots of each one ounce Mallows Violets Pellitory Bearfoot of each one handful Lin-seed and Fenugreek seed of each half an ounce fat Figgs six Chamomel and Melilot Flowers of each one pugil boyl them to a pint Dissolve in the straining Cassia and Diacatholicon of each six drams Oyl of Lillies and Violets of each one ounce and an half fresh Oyl two ounces make a Clyster to be given presently Afterwards open the Liver Vein of the right or left Arm and take away eight or nine ounces of blood according to the strength and fulness of the Patient Phlebotomy is very necessary to prevent Inslamation which useth to come from continuance of pain After blood-letting give this Clyster Take of the flowers of Chamomel and Melilot the tops of Dill Pellitory of the wall and Rue of each half a bandful Annis Fennel and Cummin seeds of each half an ounce Make a decootion to one pint in which dissolve Diaphoenicon half an ounce Turpentine dissolved with the Yolk of an Egg one ounce Oyl of Dill and Scorpions of each three ounces Make a Clyster To mollifie more and asswage the pain after your Laxative you may make one of Oyl thus Take of Oyl of Dill and of Chamomel of each half a pound Oyl of sweet Almonds two ounces Oyl of Rue one ounce mix them for a Clyster At the same time appply a Fomentation to the part pained made of the Decoction of the first Clyster with Annis seeds and Fennel seeds Oyl and Water with Spunges Take of Oyl of Scorpions compounded two ounces fresh Butter Hens Grease Oyl of Lillies and of sweet Almonds of each one ounce Make a Liniment to be used after the Fomentation Or this Cataplasin Take of Mallows and Pellitory of each two handfuls Parsley with the Roots one handful Rhadish Roots two ounces boyl them soft and beat them then add of Onions roasted two Oyl of Lillies bitter Almonds and sweet Butter of each two ounces Make a Cataplasin which you must put between two thin linnen cloaths and apply warm to the Belly according to the length of the Vreters and heat it as often as it grows cold You may also apply one either made of Pellitory alone or with Eggs fryed in a Pan with Oyl of Chamomel bitter Almonds Scorpions in a cloth Or make it of Onions shred and fryed with Hogs Grease or the Oyls aforesaid with five or six warm Eggs applied And because in this Disease there is abundance of crude Humors after Clysters which must still be repeated as the pain cometh you may give a purging Medicine especially in form of a Bolus lest it be easily vomited up because these Patients are commonly squeazy stomached Take of Cassia new drawn with Oyl of sweet Almonds one ounce Diaphoenicon three drams Pouder of Rhubarb one dram with the pouder of Liquorin and Tragacanth make a Bolus If the Patient cannot swallow a Bolus dissolve purging things in the Decoction of Mallows But you must diligently observe that you must not give a Purging Medicine before the pain be allayed For when the pain is great a strong Purge seldom works because then all the parts contract themselves and refuse to help the Medicine But at that time you may give a Vomit by which the plenty of Humors may be abated and a revulsion is made from the part affected and often Nature of the self when the pain is urgent doth endeavor the same and after it finds ease A gentle Vomit which will also asswage pain may be made thus Take of warm Water four ounces Sallet Oyl one ounce simple Syrup of Vinegar one ounce and an half Make a Vomit If you will have a stronger you must use Salt of Vitriol or Mercurius vitae with which Angelus Sala saith that he hath often cured this disease Before and after purging you must give at the mouth those things which open the passages and abate the pain for which purpose the Syrup of Marsh-mallows proscribed by Fernelius often given is excellent But because it is not alwaies ready in the Shops you may make it simply thus Take of Marsh-mallows three ounces boyl them to a pint dissolve in the straining half a pound of Sugar Let him take it often This following Julep given often is good to mollifie the Passages Take of Barley one pugil gray Pease half a pugil Mallow and Marsh-mallow seeds of each two drams the four great cold seeds of each one dram fat Figs eight Scbestens six Liquoris half an ounce boyl them to a pint and an half Dissolve in the straining Syrup of Maiden-hair four ounces Give it at four draughts twice or thrice in a day Give for his ordinary drink a decoction of Marsh-mallow Roots one ounce and an half Barley two pugils Liquoris six drams in sive pints of water to a pint Or make Broths of Mallows Marsh-mallows and gray Pease with much butter and a little salt or boyl the same in fat broth Or give Emulsions made of the four great cold seeds But Oyl of sweet Almonds above all Medicines doth mollifie and relax the Passages and asswageth pain if it be new drawn give three or four ounces by its self or with white Wine or a Decoction of Marsh-mallows Liquoris and gray Pease or make Potion of equal parts of Oyl of sweet and bitter Almonds because bitter Almonds are good also to expel the Stone The day after you have opened the Arm you may open the Ham or Ancle Vein on the same side for that will derive the Humor and the Patients find much ease thereby Which Rule is given
which Cause Galen sent those that had consumptions of their Lungs to the Mount Tabias where the Air was more dry than ordinary The Meates of the Patient must be cooling and moistening and quickly nourishing as Chicken-Broaths and Broaths of Hens Capons Veal Kid Wether Mutton Yolks of Eggs with French Barley Lettice Purselane Endive Borrage Sorrel The flesh of Calves Kidds Piggs Pheasants Partriches Young Hares and such like Panadaes Barly Cream Water-Gruel Rice-Pottage with Sugar and a few Almonds or rather with the greater cooling Seeds Boyled Meats are fitter than Roasted which are sooner Inflamed and turned to Choller the boyled do more moisten But if the Patient be more delighted with Roast-Meats they must be very moderately Roasted and tempered afterwards with Juyce of Lemmons Citrons Orenges or of unripe Grapes without Salt Fishes may be eaten because they cool and moisten but such as are taken out of stony places are to be preferred and such as have a tender friable flesh haunting the Sea or Pure Waters Among fruits Apples are commended because they breed cold Blood also Pears are convenient Damask Prunes and French Prunes boiled in Sugar also Raisons clensed which being prepared after this following manner do nourish the body without heating Take Raisons of the Sun clensed one Pound Let them be tempered in endive bugloss and Rose-Water and very diligently washed that the Laxative power may be taken away Afterward let them be lightly boyled in the same Waters adding a little Sugar wherewith let them be preserved for use let the Patients take of them in the mornings and allwaies after Meat And because Persons that are Hectical have the Feaverish heat fixed in the solid Parts of their bodies by which the Nutriment is easily and suddainly consumed and disâ—ipated therefore Practitioners are wont to prescribe unto them Meats solid and of a clammy substance as the Feet of Living Creatures The flesh of Snails Crabbs Tortoises and of Froggs For seeing these sorts of flesh are moist and clammy they easily adhere unto such Parts of the body as want nourishments neither are they easily consumed by the Feaverish heat and so they hinder the drying up of the solid Parts of the body Yet some do reject these Meats because hard of digestion and troubleâ—om to the stomach But this difference is thus reconciled In the beginning of an Hectick while the digestive faculty is yet strong these thick and clammy nutriments are convenient but in a confirmed Hectick they are not to be given because hard to digest Add hereunto that they may be so prepared and qualified as that they may easily be digested as by being boyled to a gelly or giving only what is strained out of them being beaten into a mash Among other things the land Tortoises are mightily praised for an Hectick not only for a single Hectick but when Joyned with a Consumption and they are prepared divers waies For either they are boyled in Water till they are dissolved then casting away the shells the flesh is separated from the bones and boyled again with Cichory Sorrel Borrage French barley and prunes in a single Hectick but in an Hectick of the Lungs it is Boiled with Bramble Leaves Purslain and Plantan Let the Patient drink the broath and eat the Flesh twenty daies together Or the Juyce is pressed out of the Flesh being beaten Or little Loaves are made of the Flesh of the Tortoises boiled in Barley Water with sweet Almonds pine kernells the cooling Seeds and Sugar Which are lightly baked in an Oven and are given the Patient at Dinner and Supper They may be thus made Take of the Flesh of Land-Tortoise Boyled in Barly-Water four ounces sweet Almonds steeped in Rose-water six ounces Pine-Kernells so steeped two ounces of the four greater cool Seeds of each one ounce Annis Seed not Poudered but lightly baked in an Oven one dram and an half Cinnamon two drams Sugar dissolved in Rose-Water to the Quantity of all the rest Make thereof little Morsells Instead of Tortorises the Flesh of a Capon is used and of a Partridg and March-Pane is made thereof good to restore Hectick Persons after this Manner Take Pulpe of a Capon and Boyled Partridg of each three ounces sweet Almonds steaped in Rose-Water four ounces Pine-Kernells one ounce and an half Seeds of white Poppy two drams Gum Arabickand Traganth of each one dram and an half Pearled Sugar Cakes two ounces with a little Rose-Water make a March-pane and gild it with Gold To such as have weak stomachs Gellies broaths and Restorative stilled Waters are given A Gelly may be made after this Manner Take a choise Capon a Knuckle of Veal or a Wethers Thigh two Calves Feet or six Wethers Feet Boyl all in fountan Water till it be â—ufficiently wasted Strain and squeese out the Juyce and Broath and take off the Fat. In the strained Liquor dissolve a pound of white Sugar six whites of Eggs a little saffron or Cinnamon Stir them together let them Boyl lightly and strain them through an Hippocras bag twice or thrice At length put it into Porrengers or other Vessels in which it will become a Gelly If the tast of Saffron or Cinnamon be displeasing or you desire to have your Gelly more cooling add instead thereof the Juyce of a Lemmon or of one Citron Restorative Broths may be made divers waies this is far the best of all which follows Take a well fleshed Capon pull draw and cut him in pieces and take away the fat and skin add if you please some Veal or Weather Mutton cut into bits and freed from the Fat Put them into a stone Vessel well glazed in which about the middle there must be a grate of Wood or other materials on which the pieces aforesaid must be so laied that they may not come at the bottom Then cover the Pipkin with its cover and close it up well with paste and let it stand in boyling Balneo Mariae five hours There will drop into the bottom a cleer transparent Liquor of which three of four spoonfuls may be given in Broth or by it self three or four times in a day Such Distillations of Flesh by Descent are very convenient for Hectical Persons but those that are made by Ascent although they refresh the Spirits yet do they very little nourish neither do they restore the solid substance of the Body Let the Patients Drink be Barley Water either by it self or with Syrup of Vinegar or Pomegranates mingled therewith or Water in which a piece of Bread hath been boyled sweetened with a little Sugar But if the Patients Stomach be very weak weak Wine wel allaied with Water may be allowed which helps the concoction and distribution of Nourishment Galen Meth. 10. Chap. 5 6. gives cold Water with which he boasts he had saved many from the Marasmus Howbeit great Caution is to be used in the giving thereof for when the Body is very much pined away it is to be seared lest the smal
are wont to remit But the beginning of the Eruption of the Pox is the fourth day it self the Augment reaches to the seventh the state until the eleventh the declination unto the fourteenth at which time the Pocks are dried Howbeit oftentimes they are not dry until the twentieth day Differences of sinall Pocks and Measles are taken either from the substance in regard of which some are more or less Flegmatick Bloody Chollerick or Melanchollick or from the Quantity in which regard they are more or less in number greater or less profound or Superficial or from the Quality in which respect some are red others white yellowish Violet colored Livid black according to the diversity of Humors of which they are compounded or from the time in respect whereof some come quickly out others slowly some are soon others late ripe or dissolved or from the place in which respect some occupy only the Skin others do seaz upon the internal Parts also as the Throat Lungs Guts Liver Spleen and other bowels The Diagnosis respects either the Disease present or at hand The smal Pocks and Measles when they are present are subject to the outward Sences and need therefore no other signs But these signs following declare them to be at hand Pain in the Head with Pulsation in the Forehead and Temples great Sleepiness Terrors in Sleep sometimes Ravings Tremblings and Convulsions Sneezings frequent Yawning Hoarsness Cough Difficulty in breathing Heat Redness and Sence of pricking over the whol body Pain of the back which comes sometimes alone or appearing with few other Symptoms in a Synorchus Feaver it shews the smal Pocks will come out For seeing through the back are carried the great Vein and Artery in which the malignant blood boiling does send forth sharp vapors to the Nerves and neighboring Membranes it must needs be that pains should be felt especially in those parts Great Anxiety and unquietnels Tears flowing of themselves Shining before the Eyes and their Itching a swelling of the Face with some Redness A vehemency of the Symptoms at first so that the Disease seems of a sudden to have attained its vigor All which are caused eather by many and thick vapors sent up by the boiling of the blood into the Head Diaphragm and other parts or from the Nature of the Pocks themselves now beginning to invade the parts or by a Fluxion caused by heat which dissolves the Humors in the Brain It 's of great Moment to foresee the smal Pox but much more to foretel their event which the following Prognostick Signs wil declare And in the first place those smal Pox are wont to be void of danger which come out soon and easily and do quickly ripen In which the Feaver is moderate without great Symptomes which ceases after they are come out or is very much abated In which the voyce is free and breathing easie Smal Pox which at first are red and white soft distinct few round pointed coming only in the Skin and not inwardly are wont to be safe All the Signs aforesaid do signifie the paucity of the Morbifick Matter it 's Obsequiousness Benignity and the strength of Nature lustily expelling Contrary wise dangerous and deadly Pox are known by a great Feaver which lessens not after they are broak forth for it signifies the malignant and venemous humors are not sufficienly expelled unto the Skin but that the greatest part of them remains yet in the Veins Great anxiety and unquietness which comes from the same humors boiling in the Veins Difficulty of breathing which signifies either pustles or Impostumes in the Lungs or a Squinsie or great decay of strength Great thirst which declares the inward burning and if with the thirst shortness of breath be encreased Death is at hand A Loosness or bloody Flux which shews the malignant humors have their recourse inward which is a course quite contrary to that of Nature and therefore deadly so that few of those which after the Pox coming out are taken with such a Loosness do escape A Bloodie Urine is a most deadly sign and likewise if by stool pure and sincere blood be voided Somtimes also by the Nostrils Gums and other parts of the body blood is voided which are commonly deadly Signs For they signifie the extream Acrimony and malignity of the blood which doth vehemently provoke Nature and compells her to a preposterous excretion thereof Also Pox long a coming out are very bad which signifie the contumacy of the matter or the weaknes of Nature Many Great Double and united Pox do shew an overabundant quantity of Morbifick matter and are bad So are hard ones shewing the thickness and incoctibility of the said matter Also flatt ones which shew the weakness of the expulsive faculty and they are worse if they have a black spot in the middles of them which argues extraordinary malignity And green blewish and black which spring from that sort of choller called Bilis porraca or Atra Leeke-green or black Choller are a bad sign They are worst of al which when they are come forth do presently vanish and the tumor of the parts falls for they signifie the retirement of the Humor inwards and none of those escape who have the Pox on this manner going in again but they die commonly within twenty four houres They are also dangerous when sports like those of the purple or spotted Feaver are mingled among the pox especially if those spots be livid or black For they signifie not only that same light putrefaction which is wont to happen in the small Pox by means of the ebullition of blood but also that intense and profound Malignity is peccant from which much greater danger is threatened to the Patient Dung or Urines in this Disease livid or black do portend great danger for they signifie that Melancholly abounds in the Veins and infects the whol Mass of Blood The cure of the small Pox Measles is performed in the satisfaction of four Indications whereof the first consists in the Evacuation of the peccant humors The second in assisting the motion of nature or helping to expell the Pox. The third in the opposition of the malignant and venemous quality The fourth in correction of symptoms All which that they may be conveniently effected first a convenient diet must be appointed which must be the same which was ordered in the cure of putrid Feavers howbeit some things must be particularly noted First that the patients be kept in a warm room to the end their pores may be kept open the breaking out of the smal Pox may there be furthered therefore they must be kept in a Chamber well shut which the cold air must in no wise enter into For many Children that had benigne Pox have been killed by letting in the cold ayr upon them viz. the morbifick matter being thereby driven back into the inward parts And for the same cause they must be moderately covered with Cloathes but so that the heat of
the air or the weight of the Cloathes may not augment the heat of the Feaver The foresaid coverings are wont commonly to be made of red cloaths because they are thought by som Analogy to move the boiling blood to the externall parts Many are also wont to keep an Ewe or Wether in the chamber or on the bed because those Creatures are easily infected and draw the venom to themselves by which meanes som Ease may happen to the sick persons A decoction of Barly or of the roots of Sorrel or of Harts horn is profitably used for drink in the beginning of the disease especially and when the Feaver is vehement But if the Feaver be not very violent a decoction of Barly and Figs wil be very profitable viz. Effectually driving the Humors to the Skin and Forestus and Amatus did continually use the same with good success Furthermore Whereas in the whol Course of the Disease Sleep ought to be moderate yet in the Augment when the Pocks break forth long Sleep is hurtful and it is better to watch more than ordinary That therefore the aforesaid Jndications may be fulfilled the Cure must be begun by Blood-letting if Blood in any sort is redundant and the Age of the Patient is like to bear it and a Vein must be opened as soon as may be But if the Physitian shall not be called the first day yet he shal do well to take blood before the breaking forth of the Pocks or while but few are come out which time is wont commonly to last until the fourth day from the first onset of the Feaver In which Case notwithstanding diligent heed is to be taken For if upon the breaking forth of the Pocks the Feaver and its Symptoms be abated it is better to leave the business to Nature working well which will sufficiently expel the whol Morbifick Matter to the Skin Also Blood-leting is not in this case necessary since experience shews that an infinite company of children haveing gentle Pox and not Plethorick are happily cured without bleeding Nay rather in the former case somtimes blood-letting may do hurt because the expulsion of the smal Pox is caused by an ebullition of blood which ebullition if it be small it will by blood-letting be lessened very much and so it will becom insufficient perfectly to purge the mass of Blood from it's impurities Contrarywise if upon the Eruption of the Pox the Feaver becomes more strong there be anxiety difficult breathing an urin thick and red and other symptoms seem greater it's a sign that naure is opprest with the over great burthen of humors and that she cannot govern them conveniently and that therefore Phlebotomy is necessary that a part of the burthen being taken away nature may be the better able to expel the rest In one word when there is an Ebullition perfective meerly and depuratiue blood is not to be taken away but in a corruptive blood-letting is extreamly necessary yea even in that which hath less malignity in it whose degrees have been specefied before And so necessary is blood-letting in dangerous Pox in which the corruptive Ebullition is wont to happen that the tender age of infants must not hinder it For it is grown into a custom to let children blood when they are four years old and somtimes when they are three The physitians of Paris in their tender age and while they suck do let children blood Which yet the tender age of infants doth hardly admit with that light nourishment of milk and the plentifull efflux of their humors by transpiration neither can this new licence of letting such yong ones blood be justified by any countenance from the wise Authors â—f Physick In prety big children many times once blood-letting wil not serve the turn but it must be repeated if the Feaver remain intense or if Raving or any other grevious Symptome do urge Yea verily when the Pox are perfectly come out which for the most part is within nine daies if the Feaver be very urgent blood must be again let and the Patients ordered as those who have a putrid Feaver If blood-letting be suspected because of the tendernes of the Childrens Age or because the fitting season is now past the superfluous blood may be diminished by Cupping-Glasses with Scarification applied to the back shoulders and things which may also wel be used in the state of the disease seeing the Motion of Nature from the Centre to the Circumference is by them promoted But care must be taken that in young Children the Scarifications be not too deep for it happens somtimes that an unadvised Surgeon cutts so deep as to cut asunder some Veins and let out the fervent and boiling blood so that there is great trouble to stop the same Purgation is suspected in this disease for it makes a motion contrary to that of Nature viz. from the Circumference to the Centre and to whomsoever having Pocks a loosness happens the Pocks commonly strik in and the Partie dies as I said in the Prognostick Yet observe that many times purgation is to good purpose practised before the pocks come out and before the Feaver growes vehement viz. when the Children are in the Neutral state of Decidence For then if il humors abound they are profitably diminished by purging that Nature may afterward more Cheerfully set upon the Expulsion of the Remainder But when the Pox begins to appear Purging wil be pernicious And likewise if there be great malignity abroad as in an epidemical Constitution when very many Children dy of that disease it is better wholly to abstain from Purging because in diseases which are very malignant and Pestilential Purgation in the beginning of the Disease is very hurtful Now the Purgatives must be compounded of gentle Simples viz. Rhubarb Cassia Manna Tamarinds and Syrup of Roses In the Course of the disease if the belly be hard and bound it may gently be removed but not provoked and that by a suppository of honey alone without salt or with a Clister of Breath or milk or a decoction of French barley Raisons and Liquoris with sugar and yolkes of Eggs. After blood-letting and other evacuations if necessary the expulsion of the pox must be helped forward not only with specifick medicines driving the humors to the Skin but also with diaphoreticks and Alexipharmicks especially if the Pox be Epidemical and being very malignant do threaten great danger There is a vulgar Medicine commended by Rhasis Avicenna and al the Arabian Physitians to drive out the Pox which also the greatest part of our later Physitians use according to the description of Avicenna which is thus Take Fat figgs seven ounces Lentills shaled three drams Lack two drams and an half Gum traganth and fennel seed of each two drams Boil al in a pint and half of fountain water to the third part Let the patient drink thereof Rhasis adds Saffron fifteen grains Raisons five drams because Saffron opens and corroborates and the Raisons