certaine learned men which reckon that the hote breath or vapour that riseth up from the Bathe is much more mightier then the water of the bath is and it is true therefore it were well that they which have any Dropsie and especially a Tympanie should sit over such a place of the Bath that they might receive into the moyst diseased place the vapour of the bathe either by an holed stoole or by some other such like manner of thing well devised for that purpose If any poore man by the heate of the drynesse of the Bathe cannot sleepe enough let him eate Lettice or Purslaine or the seedes of Poppy called Chesbowle in some places of England or let him eate Suger and Poppy-seed together let this be done at night Hee may also if he cannot get the aforesaid things seethe Violet leaves and Mallowes and bathe the uttermost parts with that they are sodden in These are remedies for poore folke that are not able to have a Physitian with them to give them counsell Let the rich use such remedies as their Physitians shall counsell them If any poore man be vexed with any unsufferable thirst let him take a little Barley and seethe it long and put a little Suger unto it or let him take the juyce of an Orange or take a little of it with a little Suger If any poore man catch the Head-ache let him take a little Wormelade if he can get it or Coriander Comfits or if he can get none of these let him take the white of an Egge and beate it with Vineger and Rosewater or with the broath of Violets or Nightshade or with any of them and a little Vineger and lay them in a cloath unto the temples of his head and forehead If any poore man be burned too much let him take a Glister made with Mallowes Beetes and Violet leaves or let him seethe Prunes with Barley a good while and Raisins putting a way the stones and eate of them or let him use Suppositories sometimes made of rootes either of Beetes of Flower-de-Luce or of white Sope or of salt Bacon If any man sweat too much let him use colder meates than he used before with Vineger or Verjuyce and let them also eate Sheepes-feete and Calves-feete with Verjuyce or Vineger If any man have the burning of his water when he maketh it let him an houre after he is come out of the Bathe annoynt his Kidneyes with some cold Oyntment as is Infrigidus Galeni or if you cannot come by that let him seethe Violet leaves Poppy-heads Raisins Licorice and Mallowes together straine them and put some Suger in the broath and drinke of it a draught before Supper If any be troubled with the Rheume which he hath caught in the Bath let him parch or bristle at the fire Nigella Romana and hold it in a cloath to his Nose and let him set cups or boxing glasses to his shoulders without any scorching and let him drinke sodden water with Barley and with a little Suger If any man have any appetite to eate let him use the sirrups of Ribles or Barberies or the sirrup of unripe Grapes or use Verjuyce or Vineger to provoke appetite in due measure and now and then if ye can get it let him take a little Marmalade or of the sirrup of Mynts or Worm-wood Raman These have I written for poore folke Those that are rich by the advice of the Physitians may have other Remedies enough against the fore-named accidents that chance in the time of their bathing If thou be rid of thy disease by thy bathing offer unto Christ in thy pure members such offering of Thankesgiving as thou mayest spare and give him hearty thankes both in word minde and deed and sinne no more but walke in all kindnesse of life and honesty as farre as thou shalt be able to doe as long as thou shalt live hereafter But if thou be not healed the first time be patient and live vertuously till the next bathing time and then if it be to the glory of God and for the most profitable thou shalt the next bathing time be healed by the grace of God of whom commeth all health both of body and soule Some if they be not healed whilest they be in the bathing cry out both upon the Bath wâ—ich healeth many other of the same Diseases that they are sicke of and of the Physitian also that counselled them to goe to the Bathe such men must learne that they must not appoint God a time to heale them by the Bathe and that when as the Bath hath dryed up and washed by Sweating and made subtill through blowing the evill matter of the disease that it is one dayes worke or two to make good humours to occupie the place of such evill humours as have beene in them before Therefore let such be patient and for the space of a Moneth keepe the same dyet that they kept at the Bath and if God will they shall have their desire but not onely these but all others that are healed for a moneth at the least the longer the better must keepe the same dyet that they kept in the Bath as touching meate and drinke and if it be possible also from the use of all Women When as you goe homewards make but small Journeyes and beware of surfetting and of cold and when you are at home use measurable Exercise daily and honest mirth and pastime with honest company and beware of too much study or carefulnesse And give God thankes for all his Guifts Thus much for the Bath Of Herbes and Drugs Hereafter followeth divers Medicines Remedies and Cures to heale divers Diseases curable by the grace of God as also the Nature and property of certaine Herbes Plants and Drugs belonging thereunto PART IX And first of Marte Mylletare to stop the Flux of the body DIvers times the Flux of the Body proceedeth of superfluous heat contained in the Stomacke the which maketh a continuall solution inwardly as yee may see by Experience of those that are troubled therewith for so long as the cause is not taken away all their meat doth turne into the matter the which if it be so that is true which J doe say That the Fluxes are a distemperance of the body caused of hot and corrupt humours in the Stomacke and therefore if thou wilt cure it it were necessary to extinguish the heat and so take away the corruption the which thou shalt doe with the rednesse of Marte Mylletare as is hereafter following for that is the most soveraigne remedy that can be found First yee shall take twelve graines of Petra Philosophalla with half an ounce of Mel Rosarum and then take foure mornings together one scruple of Marte Mylletare with half an ounce of Suger Rosate and therewith thou shalt worke very strange effects Also for Perbreaking and for Flux seethe Roses in Vineger or Tamarindes or Galls and while it is hot wet therein Wooll and lay it
against the stone and stopping of the flowers A good Drinke to strengthen the heart and all the members if a man drinke halfe an Egge shell full of it morning and evening with as much good wine TAke the best Aqua Vitae that you can get and take a piece of fine Gold and make it glowing hot ten times and squench it again the more you squench it the stronger waxeth the water and better Then put it into the same Aqua Vitae and halfe a quarter of an ounce of Saffron and a quarter of an ounce of Cynamon both beaten let them stand foure dayes well stopped and stirre it every day once but when you will take it then let it stand still unstirred that it may be cleare This water warmeth a cold stomacke giveth strength to all the members specially to aged folkes that have beene over long sicke whose strength is consumed for it comforteth and strengthneth the heart out of measure A speciall Medicine to cause sleepe TAke a spoonefull of Oyle of Roses a spoonefull of Rose-water and halfe a spoonefull of red Vineger and temper them all together then with a fine linnen cloth annoynt the Patients head A discourse as concerning Cornes in the feet or else-where with their remedies THis Callowes matter is a certaine hot humour the which nature would discharge her selfe of and when that humour is driven forth of nature it goeth into the lower parts into the end of the Toes for in that part of the Toes that skin is called Epidarma is hard and will not suffer it to passe or exalate and there many times it engendreth a Tumor in the skin with great hardnesse and many times that Tumor doth increase and cause such paine that it doth not onely hinder their going but hinder them from their sleepe in the Night and this kind of Tumor is called commonly Callo or Cornes in English and J thought it good to call them Crest because they are alwayes growing and is of great importance among Chirurgions for an infinite number of persons are troubled therewith and therefore J will shew thee our secret to helpe them quickly and with great ease which secret was never knowne of any First ye shall pare them with a sharpe Knife unto the bottome and there ye shall find a certaine thing like matter ye shall pare it untill bloud doth appeare then touch it with the Oyle of Sulphure and then dresse it with Balsamo Artificio once a day untill it be whole Keepe this as a secret Of Medicines Remedies and Cures of divers Diseases of severall kinds As also the making of Powders and Plaisters c. PART X. The cause of our Sciatica and how yee helpe it SCiatica is a Disease so called because it commeth in that place of the Body called Scio and it is caused of an evill quality and grosse Humors that are strayed in that place because they cannot passe downe And this is seene by experience dayly for where that paine is there is alteration and the cure thereof is with Glysters Vomits Purgations and Unctions because the Glysters doth evacuate those places next unto it and so easeth the Humour the Vomit cleanseth the stomacke the Purgation doth evacuate the body downwards the Unctions dissolve the winde and by these meanes thou mayest helpe the Sciatica as J have done many times to my great credit and satisfaction of my Patient For Hoarsnesse AGainst Hoarsnesse goe into the Hot-house and when thou hast halfe Bathed drinke a good draught of warme water this is often proved Another Garlick sodden and eaten maketh a cleare voyce and driveth away Hoarsenesse and the old Cough If a man stand in feare of the Palsie LEt him eat every Morning two or three graines of Mustar-seedes and two Pepper cornes the same is assured for the same disâ—ase by many A Medicine for the Goute TAke a pinte of white Wine a quart of running water a quantity of Barley flower and let them boyle together then put thereto halfe a pound of blacke Soape and let all seethe till it be thicke then put thereto the yolkes of foure Egges and when yee will use it spred it on a cloth Plaister-wise hot Stubbes Medicine for the Goute TAke a quart of red Wine Lees a quarter of a pound of Beane flower half aquarter of a pound of Commine fine beaten a spoonefull of Bole-Armoniacke halfe an ounce of Camphere which must be put in at twice and boyle them all together till they be somewhat thicke then make it Plaister-wise and lay it to the paine Another Plaister for the Goute TAke Occy cronium Galbanum and Melitonum of each one a penny-worth and distill them take a pound of stone Pitch and another pound of fine Rozen one halfe ounce of Camphere one quarterne of Deeres Suet halfe a quater of a pound of Commin and boyle them on a soft fire together and thereof make a Plaister upon a piece of Leather using it as the other Another for the same TAke the Gall of an Oxe and Aqua Composita of each a like quantity as much of Oyle of Exeter as of both the other and labour them all together in a pot with a sticke the space of halfe an houre When you have so done annoynt your palme therewith then wet a linnen cloth therein and as hot as you can suffer it bind it to the sore For a pricke of a Thorne or any other thing TAke Honey and a good quantity of Chalke and of the Gall of a Beast and boyle them together and make a Plaister of it and as hot as you can suffer it lay it thereunto Let the Chalke be scraped very small Approved A Remedy for burning and Scalding TAke the white Wooll of the belly of an Hare and if it be raw lay it thereto and it will never away till such time it be whole Another Take a Thistle called St. Mary Thistle stampe it and strain it and take thereof two spoonfuls and put to this three spoonfuls of Creame mixe them together and annoynt the Patient therewith To kill a Tetter or Ring-worme TAke the root of a red Dock the roote is very red and slice it and lay it in Vineger a Night and after lay it upon the Tetter and tye it with a cloth hard and it will kill the Tetter Approved For a winde or a Collicke in the belly TAke a Rose Cake and toast it at the fire with Vineger throwen upon it and lay it as hot to your belly as you may suffer it Another Take Mustard Figges and Vineger stamped together and lay it to the belly of the diseased cold in manner of a Plaister and it shall helpe Against the Shingles ANnoynt the Shingles with the juyce of Mynts and it will heale them To heale a wound in ten dayes as by proofe hath beene seene STampe Camphere with Barrowes greace and put it into the wound and it will heale it Approved For ache in the Backe TAke Egremont and Mugwort both
and darke with a blacke Skin within betokeneth a prolonging of death Urine that is the colour of water if it have a darke Sky in an Axes it betokeneth death Urine that hath dregges in the bottome medled with blood it betokeneth death Urine blacke and thicke and if the sicke loath when he goeth to the stoole and when he speaketh overthwart or that he understandeth not aright and these sicknesses goeth not from him it betokeneth death Of VVounds PART IV. A Definition of Wounds by their causes A Wound is a solution seperation and recent breach of unity of that that before was a continuity with out putrified matter which corruption giveth the name of an Ulcer to the solution and no more a Wound The causes of Wounds are duall viz. First by the violence of bodies without life as we simply call an Incised wound as when it is caused by edged Instruments Secondly we call it a Stab or puncture caused by theforce of Daggers and the like Thirdly we call those Contused wounds caused by violent use of the object being some weighty thing cast as a Stone or stroake with a Staffe or their similies against the subject receiving their forces differing in their appellations by the diversity of their causes Or secondly wounds are caused by living things as a wound that is of Biting scratching and the like and for these causes they differ in their appellatious Also the differencie of Wounds are taken eyther from their causes by which they are inflicted or from their accidents viz. the indication of the place wherein they are scituated Also the place maketh difference thus eyther they happen in the similar parts as the Flesh Artery Veyne c. or in the organicall or instrumentall parts as some intire and whole bulke truncke or fully compleat member or limbe viz. The Head Necke Brest Belly c. Wounds of the Head grow more particular because that parts belonging thereto be of more note as the Face Nose Lippes Eyes and Eares wounds of the limbes arc of the Shoulders Armes Thighes and Legs Of the similar parts also some are Sanguine as the flesh whose wounds are eyther simple deepe hollow plaine or proud with flesh The Spermaticke likewise are eyther hard or soft the soft parts as the Veynes Arteries and Sinewes being wounded we call them wounds of the hurt part the hard are the Bones a breach of which we call a wound in the Bone So Wounds derive their Nominations from the cause place and simisitudes thereof What Wounds are WOunds are these Which in Latine are called Vulnus of the vulgar Vulner and they are of two kinds that is Simple and Compound the simple are those that are onely in the Flesh the compound are those where are cut Sinewes Veynes Muscles and Bones and these are of divers and sundry kinds and the difference that is among them is by the variety of the place where they are wounded and by the difference of the weapon wherewith they were hurt For some goe right some overthwart that offend divers places of the body The simple are of small importance if they keepe them cleane and close shut Nature will heale them without any kind of medecine but those where veynes are cut had neede of some Art or Practise with the which they must stop the blood and in any wise not to suffer the wound to remaine open but to sow it up very close so that the veyne may heale and those where sinewes are hurt are of great importance and would be healed with great speed so the Sinewes may joyne with more â—ase But those where bones are hurt are of great importance for if the Bone be seperated from the other of necessity it must be taken forth before the Wound be healed So that by this meanes every one may know what Wounds are and their kinds In the Curing of greene Wounds consists a five-fold scope or intention THe first is to draw out that which is sent into the Body whether by Bullet Wood Bone or Stone or Arrowes Darts and such like The second is a Conjunction and united of parts divided The third is a retaining of those parts united in their proper seate The fourth is a Conservation of the parts of the substance The fifth is a Prohibition and mitigation of accidents For the first intention it is performed eyther with fit and convenient Instruments or with attractive Medicines whereby things that are infixed are drawne out Which Medicines are these Radix Aristolochiae Ammoniacum Arundis Saga Poenum Anagallis Dictamnum Thapsia Ranae combustae Or Emplastrum Avicennae so much commended by Guydâ— The second and third intention is performed by binding and Ligature if the Wound be simple and small and in a place where it may fitly be performed yea although it be large so it may be easily bound as in the Muscles of the Arme and such like but if it happen that Ligatute will not serve then must be added the helpe of the Needle being very carefull to handle the party gently and to place it in his due seate The fourth intention is performed and accomplished by appointing of a fit and convenient Dyet according to the strength of the Patient and greatnesse of the affect and disposition of the whole body for a thin Dyet and cold doth very much availe in resisting of Symptoms we also adde Blood-letting and Purging of humors to avoide accidents also the part is to be contained in his due place and a Cataplasme framed with the whites of Egges and other cooling things are to be applyed and sometimes to be fomented with astringed Wine The fifth intention is the correcting of accidents which is Flux of blood Dolour Tumor Paralysis Convulsion Fever Syncope Delerium and Itching But this is to observed in the Fluxe of blood whether it hath flowne sufficiently or no if otherwise the Fluxe is to be suffered for after a sufficient Fluxe the wound doth remaine dry and is so much the neerer cured and the lesse Symptomes follow as Phlegmon and such like and if the wound bleed not sufficient we must open a veyne for revulsion according to the greatnesse of the affect and the nature of the wound especially when through paine or other cause wee feare inflamation or a Feaver How a sicke man should Dyet himselfe being Wounded A Wounded man or a man sore beaten being sicke must be kept from Milke Butter Cheese Hearbes Fruites Fish except freâ—h-water Fish Women Garlicke Onions Leekes Peason c. Also divers sorts of meats must he not eate as fresh Beefe water Fowles Goose or Duck nor drinke too much strong Wine But he may eate Porke Mutton Chicken Henne or Capon Of Wounds and their Cures happening in severall places of the Body And first of infirmities incident to Souldiers in a Campe. COmmonly there are three Infirmities that offend Souldiers in a Campe above all the rest the which are these Feavers Wounds and Fluxes of the body the which thou mayst helpe
suffer it And upon the cloath lay the powder of Mille-foyle and this thou shalt doe once in 24 houres and so that shall helpe them quickly giving you great charge that you change not your Medicine For it mundifieth incarnateth and healeth the wound without any further helpe for J have proved it an infinite and many times Of Wounds in the Armes and their importances and Medicines VVOunds in the Armes are dangerous for that there also are a great number of Sinewes Cartylagines Veynes Muscles and other dangerous things as it is well seene in wounds in that place how that thereunto runneth abundance of Humours and there commeth alteration Inflamation and Impostumation which hurteth the Patient much Therefore in this case J will shew thee a rare secret where-with thou shalt helpe any sort of wound in the Arme without any alteration and with a little paine and the secret is this Dresse the Wound upon the upper parts with our Magno Licore very warme without any tenting at all and this doe once a day and no more and in no wise change your Medicine for with this thou mayest helpe all Wounds in the Armes with great speed and it is one of the greatest secrets that can be used for the wounds in the armes and proved by me infinite times Of Wounds in the Legs and their parts VVOunds in the Legs are in a manner of the same quality as those in the armes because the Legs are of their proper quality and nature compounded of the like substance that the Armes are that is in Skinne flesh Muscles Veynes Sinewes and Bones And these when they are offended or wounded are very perillous because unto them runneth great quantity of humours and in the Legges are certaine places deadly as men say as the hinder part of the calfe of the Leg nnd the middle of the inner part of the thigh the ankle and the foote are all places troublesome and curious to heale when they are wounded and therefore to heale them according to the manner of the Antients it were great trouble to the Chirurgion and pity to see the paine of the Patient Wherefore in any wise use not the Medicines of the Antients But when thou hast occasion joyne unto the skill of thy Art the use of these Medicines our Quintessentia Balsamo Magno Licore Oleo di Rasa Olea Benedicto Oleâ— Philosophorum Any of these or such like which are incorruptible which by their proper quality assubtiliateth concussions pierceth to the bottome of the Wounds keepeth the flesh in his naturall Caliditie and humidity perserveth from Putrifaction and naturally maketh the Flesh to joyne and grow together and that in a short space Therefore consider well which worketh better Effect ours or the Antients and use them at thy discretion A Discourse upon old Wounds which are not thorowly healed with their Remedies VVHen that Wounds are ill healed and that therein commeth Impostumations and that the part of the wounds be indurated and full of paine then use this secret of our Invention which was never yet seene nor heard of the Antients nor yet of our time but of us When thou findest such a cause wash the Wound well and make it cleane round about and then wash it with our Quintessentia Vegetabile and Bathe it well thorow for that the said Quintessentia doth open the Pores and assubtiliateth the matter and causeth the humour to come forth This being done annoynt it all over with our Magno Licore and this done within three dayes the Patient shall feele great ease and in short time after he shall be whole This is one of the most noblest Medicines that can bee made For it takes away the hardnesse healeth the Wound and comforteth the place offended A rare secret to heale Wounds of Gunshot Arrowes or such like in the Wars when hast is required IF thou wilt cure these Wounds presently joyn the parts together with speed washing it with Aqua Coelestis and Oleum Balsamâ— of our invention and lay a cloath wet to the same very close thereon To heale a Wound quickly VVAsh the Wound well with our Aqua Balsamo and close it up and thereupon lay a cloth of the Oyle of Frankensence and so by this meanes thou shalt heale any great Wound quickly For J have proved it infinite times to my great credit To heale a Wound quickly that is in danger of any Accidents WOunds in some parts of the Body are very dangerous of Life and especially where the Sinewes or Veynes bee cut or pierced or Veynes or Muscles be hurt or Bones broken and by an infinite of other particulars which being open or ill healed the Patient may be in danger of life because the winde entreth in and causeth paines and inflamation and therefore to avoyd all these aforesaid matters so that the wound shall have no detriment use this remedy First joyne the parts close together and put therein our Quintessence and lay a cloth wet in our Baulme and binde it fast that the ayre come not in for it is very hurtfull You shall understand that these be two of the best experienced Medicines that may be found because our Quintessence doth assubtiliate the Blood and taketh it forth and taketh away the paine And the Baulme doth warme and comfort the place offended And will not suffer any Matter to runne thereinto by any meanes for this is most true as J have proved it divers and sundry times and alwayes have had very good successe To stay the fluxe of Bloud in Wounds VVHen there is a fluxe of Blood in any wound by reason of some veyne that is cut and that the Chirurgion would stop it it is necessary that he put into it our Quintessence and then to stitch it up very close and hard and upon the wound strow the blood of a Man dryed made in powder and lay upon the wound a cloath wet in our Baulme artificially very warme and upon that binde the wound very straight with Ligaments and twice a day wash it with our Quintessentia and round about it annoynt it with our Baulme and also cast thereon our secret powder for wounds and that doe Morning and Evening every day without opening the wound and in short time it will remaine well giving you charge that the wounded person doe keepe no straight Dyet because Nature being weake relaxeth the Veynes and that causeth the fluxe of blood Another for the same FIrst stitch the wound close then cast thereon Mans blood and bind it somewhat hard so let it remaine 24. houres And when you unbind it take heed you remove nothing and cast thereon more dried blood and annoint it round about with Oleum Philosophorum Deteribinthina and Cera and bind it againe other 24. houres and bind it gently and annoynt the wound with Oyle of Frankensence and in short time it will be perfectly whole A defence to be layd upon VVounds TAke perfect Aqua-vitae of good Wine what quantity you will and put
Commandements of God of whom commeth all cunning and grace and that his body be not quaking and his hands stedfast his fingers long and small and not trembling and that his left hand be as ready as his right with all his limmes able to fulfill the good workâ—s of the soule Now as here is a man meete to be made a Chirurgion and though he have all those good qualities before rehearsed yet is he no good Chirurgion but a man very fit and meete for the practice Now then to know what Properties and conditions this man must have before he be a perfect Chirurgion J doe note foure things most specially that every Chirurgion ought for to have The first that he be Learned The second that he be Expert The third that he be Ingenious The fourth that he be well mannered The first J said he ought to be learned and that he know his principles not onely in Chirurgery but also in Physicke that he may the better defend his Chirurgery also hee ought to be seene in naturall Philosophy and in Grammar that he speake congruity in Logicke that teacheth him to prove his proportions with good reason In Rhetoricke that teacheth him to speake seemely and eloquently also in Theoricke that teacheth him to know things naturall and not naturall and things against Nature Also he must know the Anatomie for all Authors write against those Chirurgions that worke in mans body not knowing the Anatomy For they be likened to a blind man that cutteth in a Vine tree for he taketh more or lesse then he ought to doe And here note well the sayings of Galen the Prince of Philosophers in his Estoris That it is as possible for a Chyrurgion not knowing the Anatomy to worke in mans body without error as it is for a blind man to carve an Jmage and make it perfect The second J said he must be expert For Rasus saith He ought to know and to see other men worke and after to have use and exercise The third that he be ingenious and witty for all things belonging to Chirurgery may not be written nor with letters set forth The fourth J said that he must be well mannered and that he have all these good conditions here following First that he be no Spouse-breaker nor no Drunkard For the Philosophers say amongst all other things beware of those persons that follow Drunkennesse for they be accounted for no men because they live a life bestiall wherefore amongst all other sorts of people they ought to bee sequestred from the ministring of Medicine Likewise a Chirurgion must take heed that he deceive no man with his vaine promises for to make of a small matter a great because he would be accounted the more famous And amongst other things they may neither be Flatterers nor Mockers nor privie Back-biters of other men Likewise they must not be Proud nor presumptuous nor detracters of other men Likewise they ought not to be Covetous nor no niggard and namely amongst their friends or men of Worship but let them be honest courteous and free both in word and deed Likewise they shall give no counsell except they be asked and then give their advice by good deliberation and that they be well advised before they speake chiefly in the presence of wise men Likewise they must be as privie and as secret as any Confessor of all things that they shall either heare or see in the house of their Patient They shall not ta ke into their Cure any manner of person except hee will be obedient vnto their precepts for he cannot be called a Patient unlesse he be a sufferer Also that they doe their diligence as well to the poore as to the rich They shall never discomfort their Patient and shall command all that be about him that they doe the same but to his friends speake truth as the case standeth They must also be bold in those things whereof they be certaine and as dreadfull in all perils They may not chide with the Sicke but be alwayes pleasant and merry They must not covet any W oman by way of villany and specially in the house of their Patient They shall not for covetousnesse of money taken in hand those Cures that be uncurable nor never set any certaine day of the sicke mans health for it lyeth not in their power following the distinct conusell of Galen in the Aphorisme of Hypocratâ—s saying Oporter seipsum non solum By this Galen meaneth that to the Cure of every sore there belongeth foure things of which the first and principall belongeth to God the second to the Surgion the third to the Medicine and the fourth to the Patient Of the which foure if any one doe faile the Paâ—ient cannot be healed then they to whom belongeth but the fouâ—th part shall not promise the whole but be first well advised They must alâ—o be gracious and good to the Poore and of the rich take liberally for both And see they never praise themselves for that redoundeth more to their shame and discredit then to their fame and worship For a cunning and skilfull Chirurgion need not vaunt of his doings for his works will ever get credit enough Likewise that they dispiâ—e no other Chirurgion without a great cause for it is meete that one Chirurgion should love another as Christ loveth vs all And in thus doing they shall increase both in vertue and cunning to the honor of God and worldly fame Thus farre for his Parts Of the Anatomie CHAP. II. The Anatomie of the simple Members ANd if it bee asked you how many simple Members there be it is to be answered Eleven and two that be but superfluities of Members and these be they Bones Cartilages Nerves Pannicles Ligaments Cordes Arteirs Veynes Fatnesse Flesh and Skinne and the superfluities bee the Haires and Nailes J shall begin at the Bone because it is the Foundation and the hardest Member of all thâ— Body The Bone is a consimile Member simple and spermaticke and cold and dry of Complexion insensible and inflexible and hath divers formes in Mans body for the diversity of helpings The cause why there be many Bones in mans body is this Sometime it is needfull that one member or one limbe should move without another another cause is that some defend the principall Members as both the Bone of the Brest and of the Head and some to bee the Foundation of divers parts of the Body as the Bones of the ridge and of the Legges and some to fulfill the hollow places as in the Hands and Feet c. The Gristle is a member simple and Spermaticke next in hardnesse to the Bone and is of complexion cold and dry and insensible The Gristle was ordained for sixe causes or profits that J find in it The first is that the continuall moving of the hard Bone might not be done in a juncture but that the Gristle should be a meane betweene the Ligament and him The second is
the same kind as is Pinguedo but it is departed from the flesh besides the Skin and it is as an Oyle heating and moystning the Skin The third is Auxingia and it is of kind as the others be but he is departed from the flesh within foorth about the Kidneyes and in the Intrailes and it helpeth both the Kidneyes and the Intrailes from drying by his unctiosity c. Then come wee to the Skin The Skin is a consimile member or officiall partly spermatick strong and tough flexible and sensible thin and temperate whereof there be two kinds One is the Skin that covereth the outward members and the other the inner members which is called a Pannicle the profitablenesse of whom was â—poken in the last lesson but the Skin is properly woven of Threeds Nerves Veynes and Arteirs And he is made temperate because he should be a good redeemer of heate from cold and of moystnesse from drynesse that there should nothing annoy or hurt the Body but it giveth warning to the common wits thereof c. The haires of every part of mans Body are but superfluity of members made of the grosse â—ume or smoake passing out of the viscous matter thickned to the forme of haire The profitablenesse of him is declared in the Anatomy of the head c. The Nayles likewise are a superfluity of members engendred of great earthly smoke or fume resolved through the naturall heate of humors and is softer then the Bone and harder then the Flesh In complexion they be cold and dry and are alwayes waxing in the extremity of the fingers and toes The utility of them are that by them a man shall take the better hold also they helpe to claw the body when it needeth Lastly they helpe to divide things for lacke of other tooles c. CHAP. III. The Anatomie of the compound Members and first of the Head BEcause the Head of man is the habitation or dwâ—lling place of the reasonable soule of man therefore with the grace of God J shall first speake of the Anatomie of the head Galen saith in the second Chapter De juvamentes and Avicen rehearseth the same in his first Proposition and third Chapter proving that the Head of man was made neither for wits nor yet for the Braines but onely for the Eyes For beasts that have no heads have the organs or instruments of wits in their breasts Therefore God and Nature have reared up the head of man onely for the eyes for it is the highest member of man and as a Beholder or Watchman standeth in a high Tower to give warning of the Enemies so doth the Eye of man give warning vnto the common Wittes for the defence of all other members of the body Now to our purpose If the question be asked how many things be there contained on the Head and how many things contained within the head As it is rehearsed by Guydo there be five containing and as many contained as thus The haire the skin the flesh the Pannicles and the Bone neither rehearsing Veine nor Artier The which Anatomy cannot be truly without them both as thou shalt well perceive both in this but especially in the next And now in this Lesson J shall speake but of Haire Skin Flesh Veynes Pannicles and Bones what profit they doe to man every of them in his kind Of the haire of the Head whose creation is knowne in the Anatomy of the simple Members J doe note foure utilities why it was ordained The first is that it defendeth the braine from too much heat and too much cold and many other outward noyances The second is it maketh the forme or shape of the Head to seeme more seemelyer or beautifuller For if the Head were not haired the Face and the Head should seeme but one thing and therefore the haire formeth and shapeth the Head from the Face The third is that by colour of the haire is witnessed and knowne the complexion of the Braine The fourth is that the fumosities of the Braine might ascend and passe lightlyer out by them For if there were a sad thing as the skinne or other of the same nature as the Haire is the fumosities of the Braine might not have passed through it so lightly as it doth by the Haire The Skin of the head is more Lazartus thicker and more Porrus then any other Skinne of any other member of the body And two causes J note why One is that it keepeth or defendeth the Braine from too much heat and cold as doth the Haire The other that it discusseth to the common wits of all things that noyet h outwardly for the haire is insensible The third cause why the skinne of the head is more thicker then any other skinne of the body is this that it keepeth the braine the more warme and is the better fence for the Braine and it bindeth and keepeth the Bones of the head the faster together Next followeth the Flesh the which is all Musculus or Lazartus flesh lying upon Pericranium without meane And it is made of subtill Will and of simple flesh Sinewes Veynes and Arteirs And why the flesh that is all Musculus or Lazartus in every member of a mans body was made is for three causes The first is that by his thicknesse he should comfort the digestion of other members that lye by him The second is that through him every member is made is the formelier and taketh the better shape The third is that by his meanes every member of the Body drawing to him nourishing the which others with-hold to put forth from them as it shall be more plainlyer spoken of in the Anatomy of the Wombe Next followeth Pericranium or the covering of the Bones of the Head But here it is to be noted of a Veyne and an Arteir that commeth betweene the Flesh and this Pericranium that nourisheth the utter part of the head and so entreth privily thorow the Commissaries of the Skull bearing to the Braine and to his Pannicles nourishing Of whose substance is made both Duramater and also Pericranium as shall be declared in the parts contayned in the Head Here it is to be noted of this Pannicle Pericranium that it bindeth or compasseth all the Bones of the Head vnto whom is adjoyned Duramater and is also a part of his substance howbeit they be separated for Duramater is neerer the Braine and is vnder the Skull This Pericranium was made principally for two causes one is that for his strong binding together hee should make firme and stable the feeble Commissaries or seames of the Bones of the Head The other cause is that it should be a meane betweene the hard bone and the soft flesh Next is the Bone of the Pot of the head keeping in the Braines of which it were too long to declare their names after all Authors as they number them and their names for some name them after the Greeke tongue and some after the Arabian but in conclusion all
feeling Sinewes the which â—e produced to the Eyes the Eares the Nose the Tongue and to the Stomacke and to divers other parts of the Body as it shall be declared in their Anatomies Also it is to be noted that about the middle Ventricle is the place of Vermiformis with kurnelly flesh that filleth and Retemirabile a wonderfull Cauâ—e vnder the Pannicles is set or bounded with Arteirs onely which come from the Heart in the which the vitall spirit by his great labour is turned and made animall And yee shll understand that these two be the best kept parts of all the Body for a man shall rather dye than any of these should suffer any manner of griefes from without forth and therefore God hath set them farre from the Heart Heere J note the saying of Haly Abba of the comming of small Artiers from the Heart of whom saith he is made a marvellous Net or Caule in the which Caule is inclosed the Braine and in that place is laid the spirit of Feeling from that place hath the spirit of Feeling his first creation and from thence passeth other members c. Furthermore yee shall understand that the Brain is a member cold and moist of complexion thin and meanly viscous and â— principal member and an officiall member and spermaticke And first why he is a principall member is because he is the governour or the treasury of the five Wittes And why he is an officiall member is because he hath the effect of feeling and stirring And why he is cold and moyst is that he should by his coldnesse and moystnesse abate and temper the exceeding heate and drought that commeth from the Heart And why it is moyst is that it should be the more indifferenter and abler to every thing that should be reserved or gotten into him And why it is soft is that it should give place and favour to the vertue of stirring And why it is meanly viscous is that his sinewes should not be letted in their working through his overmuch hardnesse Heere Galen demandeth a question which is this Whether that Feeling and moving be brought to Nerves by one or by divers Or whether the aforesaid thing be brought substantially or rather judicially The matter saith he is so hard to search and to be understood that it were much better to let it alone and passe over it Aristotle intreating of the Braine saith The Braine is a member continually moving and ruling all other members of the body giving unto them both Feeling and moving for if the Braine be let all other members be let and if the Braine be well then all other members of the body be the better disposed Also the Braine hath this property that it moveth and followeth the moving of the Moone For in the waxing of the Moone the Braine followeth upwards and in the wane of the Moone the Braine discendeth downewards and vanisheth in substance of vertue for then the Braine shrinketh together in it selfe and is not so fully obedient to the spirit of Feeling And this is proved in men that be Lunaticke and Mad and also in men that be Epulenticke or having the Falling sicknesse that be most grieved in the beginning of the new Moone and in the latter quarter of the Moone Wherefore saith Aristotle when it happeneth that the Braine is either too dry or too moyst then can it not worke his kind for then is the Body made cold then are the spirits of Life melted and resolved away and then followeth feeblenesse of the Wittes and of all other members of the Body and last Death CHAP. V. The Anatomy of the Face THe Front or the Forehead containeth nothing but the Skin and Musculus flesh for the Pannicle underneath it is of Pericranium and the Bone is of the Coronall bone Howbeit there it is made broad as if there were a double bone which maketh the forme of the browes It is called the Forehead or Front from one eare to the other and from the rootes of the eares of the head before unto the Browes But the cause why the browes were set and reared up was that they should defend the eyes from noyance without-foorth and they be ordained with haire to put by the humor or sweat that commeth from the head Also the browes doe helpe the eye-liddes and doe beautifie and make faire the face for he that hath not his browes haired is not seemely And Aristotle sayth that over-measurable Browes betokeneth an envious man Also high browes and thicke betokeneth cowardise and meanly signifieth gentlenesse of heart Incisions about this part ought to be done according to the length of the body for there the Muscle goeth from one Eare to the other And there if any incision should be made with the length of the Muscle it might happen the brow to hang over the eye without remedy as it is many times seene the more pitty The Browes are called Supercilium in Latine and under is the eye-lids which is called Cilium and is garnished with haires Two causes J find why the eye-lids were ordained The first is that they should keepe and defend the Eye from Dust and other outward noyances The second is when the eye is weary or heavie then they should be covered and take rest nnderneath them Why the haires were ordained in them is that by them is addressed the formes or similitudes of visible things vnto the Apple of the Eye The Eare is a member seemely and gristly able to be holden without and is the Organ or Instrument of Hearing It is of complexion cold and dry But why the Eare was set up out of the head is this that the sounds that be very fugitive should lurke and abide under his shadow till it were taken of the Instruments of Hearing Another cause is that it should keepe the hole that it standeth over from things falling in that might hinder the Hearing The Sinewes that are the Organs or Instruments of Hearing spring each from the Braine from whence the seven paire of Sinewes doe spring and when they come to the hole of the Eare there they writhe like a Winepresse and at the ends of them they be like the head of a Worme or like a little teate in which is received the sound and so carryed to the common wits The Eyes be next of nature unto the Soule for in the Eye is seene and knowne the disturbances and griefes gladnesse and joyes of the Soule as Love Wrath and other passions The Eyes be the Instruments of sight And they be compound and made of ten things that is to say of seven Tunicles or Coates and of three humours Of the which sayth Galen the Braine and the Head were made for the Eye that they might be in the highest as a Beholder in a Tower as it was rehearsed in the Anatomy of the Head But divers men hold divers opinions of the Anatomy of the Eyes for some men account but three Tunicles and some sixe
Nutriment and there he receiveth of the Lungs ayre and bringeth it to the heart to refresh him with Wherefore Galen saith that hee findeth that mans Heart is naturall and friendly to the Lungs For hee giveth him of his owne Nutrimentall to nourish him with and the Lungs rewards him with ayre to refresh him with againe c. The other Artier that hath two Coats is called Vena Arterialis or the great Artery that ascendeth and descendeth and of him springeth all the other Artiers that spread to every member of the Body for by him is united and quickned all the members of the body For the Spirit that is retained in them is the instrument or treasure of all the vertue of the Soule And thus it passeth untill it come to the Braine and there hee is turned into a further digestion and there he taketh another Spirit and so is made animall and at the Liver nutrimentall and at the Testicles generative and thus it is made a spirit of every kind so that hee being the meane of all manner of operations and workings taketh effect Two causes J find why these Artiers have two coates One is that one coat is not sufficient nor able to withstand the violent moving and stirring of the spirit of Life that is carried in them The second cause is that the thing that is carried about from place to place is of so precious a Treasure that it had the more need of good keeping And of some Doctors this Artier is called the Pulsative veyne or the beating Veyne for by him is perceived the powâ—r and might of the Heart c. Wherefore God and Nature have ordained that the Artiers have two coates Also there is in the Heart three Pellikles opening and closing the going in of the Heart blood and spirit in convenient time Also the Heart hath two little Eares by whom commeth in and passeth out the ayre that is prepared for the Lungs There is also found in the heart a Cartilaginous auditament to helpe and strengthen the same Heart The Heart is covered with a strong Pannicle which is called of some Capsula Cordes or Pericordium the which is a strong case unto whom commeth Nerves as to other inward members And this Pannicle Pericordium springeth of the upper Pannicle of the Midriffe And of him springeth another Pannicle called Mediastinum the which separateth the Brest in the midst and keepeth it that the Lungs fall not over the Heart There is also another Pannicle that covereth the Ribbes inwardly that is called Plura of whom the Midriffe taketh his beginning And it is said of many Doctors that Duramater is the Originall of all the Pannicles within the body and thus one taketh of another CHAP. VIII The Anatomie of the Lungs THe Lungs is a member Spermatick of the first creation and his naturall Complexion is cold and dry and in his accidentall complexion hee is cold and moyst wrapped in a nervous Pannicle because it should gather together the softer substance of the Lungs and that the Lungs might feele by the meanes of the Pannicle that which hee might not feele in himselfe Now to prove the Lungs to bee cold and dry of kind it appeareth by his swift stirring for hee lyeth ever waving over the Heart and about the heart And that hee is cold and moyst in operation it appeareth in that hee receiveth of the Braine many cold matters as Catarres and Rheumes whose substance is thin Also J find in the Lungs three kinds of substance One is a Veyne comming from the Liver bringing with him the crude or raw part of the Chylle to feed the Lungs Another is Arteria venealis comming from the Heart bringing with him the spirit of Life to nourish him with The third is Trachia Arteria that bringeth in ayre to the Lungs and it passeth through all the left part of them to doe his office The Lungs is divided into five Lobbes or Pellikles or five portions that is to say three in the right side and two in the left side And this was done for this cause that if there fell any hurt in the one part the others should serve and doe their office And three causes J find why the Lungs were principally ordained First that they should draw cold wind and refresh the heart The second that they should change and alter and purifie the ayre before it come to the Heart lest the heart should be hurt and annoyed with the quantity of the ayre The third cause is that they should receive from the Heart the fumous superfluities that hee putteth forth with his breathing c. Behind the Lungs towards the Spondels passeth Myre or Isofagus of whom it is spoken of in the Anatomic of the Neck And also there passeth both Veynes and Artiers and all these with Trachia Arteria doe make a Stoke replete unto the Gullet with the Pannicles and strong Ligaments and Glandulus flesh to fulfill the voyd places And last of all is the Midriffe and it is an officiall member made of two Pannicles and Lazartus flesh and his place is in the midst of the body overthwart or in bredth under the region of the Spirituall members separating them from the Matrix And three causes J find why the Midriffe was ordained First that it should divide the Spirituals from the Nutrates The second that it should keepe the vitall colour or heat to descend downe to the Nutrates The last is that the malicious fumes reared up from the Nutrates should not annoy the Spirituals or vitals c. The Wombe is the region or the City of all the Intrailes the which reacheth from the Midriffe downe unto the Share inwardly and outwardly from the Reines or Kidnies downe to the bone Peeten about the privie parts And this Wombe is compound and made of two things that is to say of Syfac and Myrac Syfac is a Pannicle and a member spermatick officiall sensible Sinewie compound of subtill Will and in complexion cold and dry having his beginning in the inner Pannicle of the Midriffe And it was ordained because it should containe and bind together all the Intrailes and that he defend the Musculus so that he oppresse not the Naturall members And that he is strong and tough it is because he should not be lightly broken and not those things that are contained goe not forth as it happeneth to them that are broken c. Myrac is compound and made of foure things that is to say of Skinne outwardly of Fatnesse of a Carnous Pannicle and of Musculus Flesh And that it is to bee understood that all the whole from Syfac outward is called Myrac it appeareth well by the words of Galen where hee commandeth that in all wounds of the Wombe to sewe the Syfac with the Mirac and by that it proveth that there is nothing without the Syfac but Mirac And in this Mirac or outer part of the Wombe there is noted eight Muscles two Longitudinals proceeding from the
shield of the stomacke unto Os Pecten two Latitudinals comming from the back-wards to the Wombe and foure Transverse of the which two of them spring from the Ribbes on the right side and goe to the left side to the Bones of the Hanches or of Pecten and the other two spring from the Ribs on the left and come over the wombe to the right parts as the other before doth Heere is to be noted that by the vertue of the subtill will that is in the Musculus Longitudinall is made perfect the vertue attractiue and by the Musculus Transverse is made the vertue retentive and by the Musculus Latitudinall is made the vertue expulsive It is thus to be understood that by the vertue attractive is drawne downe into the Intrailes all superfluities both water winde and dyet By the vertue retentive all things are with-holden and kept untill Nature have wrought his kind And by the vertue expulsive is put forth all things when Nature provoketh any thing to be done Galen saith that Wounds or Incisions be more perilous in the midst of the wombe then about the sides for there the parts be more tractable then any other parts bee Also he saith that in wounds piercing the wombe there shall not bee made good incarnation except Sifac be sewed with Mirac Now to come to the parts contained within First that which appeareth next under the Sifac is Omentum or Zirbus the which is a Pannicle covering the stomacke and the Intrailes implanted with many Veynes and Arteirs and not a little fatnesse ordained to keepe moyst the inward parts This Zirbus is an osficiall member and is compound of a Veyne and an Arteir the which entreth and maketh a line of the outer Tunicle of the stomacke unto which Tunicle hangeth the Zirbus and covereth all the Guts downe to the share Two causes J find why they were ordained One is that they should defend the Nutratives outwardly The second is that through his owne power and vertue he should strengthen and comfort the digestion of all the Nutrates because they are more feebler then other members bee because they have but a thinne wombe or Skin c. Next Zirbus appeareth the Intrails or guts of which Galen saith that the Guts were ordained in the first Creation to convey the drosse of the meate and drinke and to clense the body of superfluities And here it is to be noted that there be fixe portions of one whole Gutte which both in man and Beast beginneth at the nether mouth of the stomacke and so containeth forth to the end of the Fundament Neverthelesse hee hath divers shapes and formes and divers operations in the Body and therefore he hath divers names And hereupon the Philosophers say that the lower wombe of a man is like unto the wombe of a Swine And like as the stomacke hath two Tunicles in like manner have all the Guts two Tunicles The first portion of the Guts is called Duodenum for he is 12. Inches of length and covereth the nether part of the Stomacke and receiveth all the drosse of the stomacke The second portion of the Guts is called Iejunium for he is evermore empty for to him lyeth evermore the Chest of the Gall beating him sore and draweth forth of him all the drosse and clenseth him cleane the third portion or Gut is called Yleon or small Gut and is in length fifteene or sixteene Cubits In this Gut oftentimes falleth a disease called Yleaea Passio The fourth Gut is called Monoculus or blind Gut and it seemeth to have but one hole or mouth but it hath two one neere unto the other for by the one all things goe in and by the other they goe out againe The fift is called Colon and receiveth all the drosse deprived from all profitablenesse and therefore there commeth not to him any Veynes Miseraices as to the other The sixt and last is called Rectum or Longaon and he is ended in the Fundament and hath in his nether end foure Muscles to hold to open to shut and to put out c. Next is to be noted of senterium the which is nothing else but a texture of innumerable Veynes Miseraices ramefied of one Veyne called Porta Epates covered and defended of Pannicles nnd Lygaments comming to the Intrails with the back full of fatnesse and Glandulus flesh c. The Stomacke is a member compound and Spermaticke sinnowy and sensible and therein is made perfect the first digestion of Chile This is a necessary member to all the Body for if it faile in his working all the members of the Body shall corrupt Wherefore Galen sayth that the Stomacke was ordained principally for two causes The first that it should be to all the members of the Body as the earth is to all that are ingendred of the earth that is that it should desire sufficient meate for all the whole Body The second is that the stomacke should bee a sacke or Chest to all the Body for the meate and as a Cooke to all the members of the Body The stomacke is made of two Pannicles of which the inner is Nerveous and the outer Carneous This inner Pannicle hath Musculus Longitudinals that stretcheth along from the stomacke to the mouth by the which he draweth to him meate and drinke as it were hands And hee hath Transverse will for to with-hold or make retention And also the outer Pannicle hath Latitudinall will to expulse and put out and that by his heate he should keepe the digestive vertue of the stomacke and by other heates given by his Neighbours as thus It hath the Liver on the right side chasing and beating him with his lobes or figures and the Splene on the left side with his fatnesse and Veynes sending to him Melancholy to exercise his appetites and about him is the heart quickning him with his Artiers Also the Braine sending to him a Branch of Nerves to give him feeling And he hath on the hinder part descending from the parts of the backe many Lygaments with the Artiers joyned to the Spondels of the Backe The forme or figure of this Stomack is long in likenesse of a Goord crooked and that both holes bee in the upper part of the body of it because there should be no going out of it unadvisedly of those things which are received into it The quantity of the stomack commonly holdeth two Pitchers of water and it may suffer many passions and the nether mouth of the stomacke is narrower then the upper and that for three causes The first cause is that the upper receiveth meate great and boysterous in substance that there being made subtill it might passe into the nether The second is for by him passeth all the meates with their chilosity from the stomacke to the Liver The third is for that through him passeth all the drosse of the stomack to the guts And this sufficeth for the Stomacke c. The Liver is a principal member and official and
Theoricke and Practicke Theorick to know and Practicke to worke The ground of the Theoricke is to know the Elements and Humours that proceedeth from them which is for mans health or against it Letchcraft teaches us Causes effects and Signes Signes to know the causes and effects and therefore J treat of signes and many signes doth belong to Physicke and Chyrurgerie as Crisses Urine Pounces Vomits Sege and other c. Chyrurgerie is in Wounds Impostumes and Algebra and Chyrurgerie holdeth foure parts viz. Wounds and Impostumes Algebra and Anatomie And Antidotary is the fift which is a kind of Salves against all kind of Sores that belongeth to Chyrurgerie Algebra is broken Bones and bones out of joynt Antidotary of Chyrurgerie is in Waters Powders Oyles Oyntments and Emplaisters most principall some must bee repercussive some Moleficative some Maturative some generative and some Corosive Anotomie is to know the Body of man throughout and all his Members within and without Two members hath every manner of man viz. Principall and Officiall and foure principall every man hath viz. Braine Heart Liver and Stones the Braine hath the head and necke the Heart hath the Lungs Brest and Midriffe the Liver hath the stomacke and other members downe to the Reynes as Guts Gall and the Kelle veyne and Milt the Milt upon the left side and the gall upon the Liver the Stones hath Reynes Bladder and other Privities and these are the foure principall members Braine Heart Liver and Stones and without Braine Heart and Liver no man can live and without Stones can no man engender three things in the Stones is cause of engendring Heat Wind and humours Heat commeth from the Liver Spirit from the Heart and humours from the Braines that man is made of if any of these foure be faulty that man can not as he should kindly engender These sixe vertues are rooted in the Liver viz. Attractive Digestive Diminusive Expulsive Retentive and a Simulative that is in our English tongue Drawing and breaking out putting holding and liking For first Nature draweth in that which it needeth to live by and then all to breake it and then departeth the good from the bad and holdeth to it the good and then dispierseth the good to all the members of the Body Officiall members bee those that have certaine offices in mans Body where ever they be as the Eye to see the Eare to heare the Hand to touch the Mouth to speake the Feet to goe and many such other c. Also such are called members as branches from the principall to the officiall as the Arme or Legge that rooteth in the principall and brancheth to the officials And so Nerves Artiers Veynes Lygaments Chords Bones Pannicles and Gristles Flesh and Skin to teach them their Office But Nerves Veynes and Artiers bee most needfull for they bee Wells and Rootes of all other Nerves comming from the Braine and Artiers from the Heart and Veynes from the Liver into all the body Nerves giveth to the Body feeling and moving and Artiers leaving and Veynes increasing A Veyne hath but one Tunacle and an Artier hath two in the one runneth Bloud and in the other spirits and all beating Veynes bee Artiers the which J call Pulses and all other be simple Veynes and all such members saving Flesh alone are melancholious and their nature is Sperme but flesh is Sanguine and therefore it may be sodered be it never so much cut but the other said members because their matter is Sperme may never be sodered if they be much cue Now will J speake of Wounds which is the second part of Chyrurgerie ONe of these intentions hath every Surgion The first is to containe that that iâ— evill loosed the second is to loose that that is evill contained the third is to take away that that is too much the fourth is to increase that that is too little In these foure entents standeth all Chirurgery The first is in Wounds the second is Impostumes the third and fourth Algâ—brâ— holdeth Wounds be in many manners Simple and Compound Simple in the flesh alone and compound in seven manners There be seven things that letteth a wound not lightly to heale viz. Empostumes discrased hollownesse or bitten by a venemous Beast and these letteth a Chirurgion suddenly to heale a wound and if a Sinew bee cut or pricked or wounded to the Bone or if the wound bee hollow or else discrased with a Fever or bruised or made by venemous Beasts then mayest thou not as thou wouldest close up a wound And if a wound lacke all these seven things then it is simple Thus Medicine is Letchcraft that is both Physicke and Chirurgery and every one of them hath first his Theoricke perfectly to know and afterwards his Practique cunningly to worke the grounds of both which Qualities are Elements and Humours and â—â—â—nes most needfull both of Urine and Pulses Thus much for the Theoricke Divers things very necessary for every Practitioner in Surgerie to have in a readinesse And first for Instruments viz. NOvacula Spâ—â—illâ—â— Sâ—alpâ—llâ—â— Latâ—â— Spâ—â—illâ—â— Forâ—icis Styluâ— Volsellâ— Acuâ— Caâ—â—liâ—ula Forata Fasâ—iâ— Habâ—â—â— ad membra laquâ—â— intepcipiâ—â—dâ— Panniâ—uli linei ad vâ—lâ—â—ra abligaâ—â—â— Lintâ—a concâ—rpta Aâ—risâ—alpiuâ—â— Forcipâ—s ad dâ—â—tes â—vâ—llâ—ndâ—s Ferraâ—entuâ— quâ—â—râ—â—i dâ—ntes â—radâ—â—tur â—nâ—inus or as Câ—lsuâ— calleth it Hamulâ—â—â—â—â—â—sum 2. For sodaine Accidents HE must have in readinesse Powders Unguents and Emplasters They serve to stop Bleeding to conglutinate Wounds to clense foule and rotten Ulcers to mollifie hardnesse to produce a Cicatrix and Skinne to remove away all excrescent and corrupt Flesh to cease paine to strengthen Fractures and Luxations 3. For Powders THey are of three sorts The first is to stay Bleeding as that which is framed of Bolus Armoniae of Rosis of Mastickes and Pollin The second is for Fractures of the Scull and hurts of other Bones and is called Pulvis Cephalicus and is framed of Radicibus irâ—os of Aristâ—lâ—â—â—iae of Myrrhe Aloes and such like The third is to remove away excrescent and corrupt Flesh as Alumen ustuâ— of Pul praeâ—ipit Merâ—urii and such like 4. For Vnguents HE must have Vnguentum Basilicon which doth humect digest and cease paine Vnguentum album Rhasis which doth Refrigerate coole and dry Vnguentum Aureum called of some Regis which doth Incarnate and conglutinate Wounds together Vnguentum Dialthea simplex which doth Calefie soften humect and also cease paine Vnguentum Apostolorum which doth deterge mollifie dry and remove away corrupt and superfluous Flesh And of like faculty almost is Mundificativum ex apiâ— and Aegyptiacum 5. For Emplasters DIachilon compositum which doth ripen Apostumes and doth mollifie and resolve hardnesse and doth digest and also absterge Diacalciteos commonly called Diapalma which doth conglutinate Ulcers produceth Cicatrix and skinne and according to the opinion of Galen is very fit for the curing of Phlegme Emplastrum de Betonica which is also called De Janua it doth unite
and joyne together the fractures of the skull it covereth the bones with flesh it draweth out Spels and splinters of bones it doth also absterge digest and dry with the like Of five Hâ—arbes which a good Chyrurgion ought alwayes to have THere be five Herbes that a good Chirurgion ought to have all the yeare and they be good for wounded men and these Herbes must be dryed and made into powder and so kept all the yeare viz. Mouse-eare Pimpernell Avence Valerian and Gentian of each a like quantity but take of Mouse-eare the weight of all the other hearbes when they be dryed take dâ—mi spoonfull in untiment or in some other liquor which is according to the sicknesse and let him drinke it and the Medicine is as good as a Salve for any wounded man as may be had for to heale him Also the herbes that draweth the wound are Oâ—â—ulus Christi Mather Buglosse red Coleworts and Orpine These be the soveraigne pepper hearbes for the Fester hâ—arbe Robert Buglosse Sannacle Hempropes Morrell Rew and Savorie but sake good heed of these hearbes in the use of them and yee shall worke the better Some Physicall observations tending to Physicke and Surgerie and times convenient for letting of Blood To preserve Health IF a man will observe hee may governe himselfe at foure times in the Yeare so that hee shall have little need of Letâ—hcraft as thus In the Spring from March till May at which time increaseth the good sweet 〈…〉 Blood through good meates and 〈…〉 good wholsome savours In Summer from May till June at which time beginneth the bitter juyce of Choller then use coole meats and drinkes and bee not violent in exercise and forbeare women In Harvest from June till November at which time increaseth Melancholy then bee purged by a Medicine Laxative and afterward use light Meats and drinkes such as will increase good Blood In Winter from November till Marâ—h at which time increaseth Flegme through weaknesse of Humours and corruption of ayre Then the Pose beginneth to grow then heat is in the Veynes then is pricking in the sides then is time to use hot Meats and good drinkes and spices as Pepper Ginger c. but doe not wash thy Head For as a learned Physitian saith Hee that taketh much Physick when he is young will much repent it when he is old For letting of Blood AS in all other parts of Physicke so great care ought to be had in letting of Blood First skilfully and circumspectly is to be considered and certainly knowne the cause As whether it be needfull and good for the Patient to purge his body of some unnaturall and naughty and superfluous humour For otherwise letting of Bloud is very dangerous and openeth the way to many grievous Infirmities And note generally that it is not convenient eyther for a very leane and weake man or for a very fat and grosse man to be let bloud neither for a Child under 14. yeares of age nor an old man above 56. Especially in decrepit old age Now there remaineth to be considered how it standeth with the patient inwardly for his Complexion and Age and outwardly for the time of the Yeare time of the Day and also for Dyet For Complexion Let bloud the Phlegmatick the Moone being in Aries or Sagitarius Let bloud the Melancholick the Moone in Libra or Aquarius Let bloud the Cholerick the Moone being in Cancer or Pisces Let blood the Sanguine the Moone in eyther of the aforesaid Signes For Age. Let blood Youth from the Change to the second quarter Middle-age from the 2. quarter to the full Elder-age from the full to the last quarter Old-age from the last quart to the change Time of the Yeare Spring good Autumne different Time of the Moneth Let not blood The Moone in Taurus Gemini Leo Virgo or Capricâ—rne The day before nor after the change and full Twelve houres before and after the quarters The Moone with Jupiter or Mars evill aspected Time of the Day Morning after sun-rising fasting Afternoon after perfect digestion the ayre temperate the wind not South if it may be Dyet after Bleeding Slâ—â—pe not presently Stirre not violently Vse no venery Feed thou warily Notwithstanding for the Phrensie the Pestilence the Squinancy the Plurisie the Apoplexiâ— or a continuall Head-ach growing of cholerick blood a hot burning Feaver or any other extreame paine In this case a man may not tarry a chosen time but incontinently with all convenient speed hee is to seek for remedy but then Blood is not to bee let in so great a quantity as if that a chosen and fit time were to be obtained Good to Prepare humours the Moon in Gemini Libra or Aquarius Vomit the Moon in Aries Taurus or Capr. Purge by Neezing the Moone in Cancer Leâ— or Virgo Take Clysters the Moone in Aries Librae or Scorpio Take Gargarismes the Moone in Cancer or Stop rheumes and Flux the Moon in Taurus Virgo or Capricâ—rnâ— Bathe for cold Diseases the Moone in Aries Lâ—â— or Sagitarius Bathe for hot Diseases the Moone in Cancer Scorpio or Pisces Purge with Electuaries the Moon in Cancer Purge with Potions the Moone in Scorpio Purge with Pilles the Moon in Pisces For an Unguent or Plaister is best to bee applyed when the Moone is in the imaginary Sigâ—e attributed to the members whereunto it is applyed Of the Nine Tastse SAlt Sharpe and Bitter Sower Savory and Eager Sweet Walloweth and Fatty-Three of them bee of Heat three of Cold and the last three be of temperature A cut chafeth heateth and fleyeth Temperature delighteth Lycorise Annis Ginger Wormewood and Suger these bee Examples a cut raweth heateth and fleyeth and Nature there against ripeth and twineth and putteth out make your Medicine such that for one putting out double twining and foure riping Melancholy is dry and cold sower and earthly coloured his Urine is thinne and discoloured his Pulse is straight and short in digestion and a full stomacke loathsomenesse and sower belching a swelling wombe and sides heavie dead and sluggish limbes and melancholious Urine commeth of a young wench that faileth in her flowers or have them not as shee ought to have Fleame cold and moyst white and weake in colours his Urine is discoloured and thicke his Pulse is short and broad raw stomacke and full loathsome and unlusty watry mouth much spitting heavy head sluggie and slumbry with cold hands and feete and chiefly in the Night Sanguine is moyst and hot sweet and ruddy coloured alway his Body is full of heate namely in the Veynes and they bee swelling and of face he is ruddy and in sleepe hee seemeth fiery Medicine for him is bloud let upon the Currall or Liver Veyne and simple dyet as Tyson Water Grewell and sower bread Choller is hot and dry yellow greene and bitter Urine is discoloured and thinne his Pulse is long and straight much watch heavy head ache and thirst bitter mouth and dry singing cares and much
the space of sixe or seven houres Probatum est Another Take a pinte of Ale and put therein one penny-worth of long Pepper and foure or five field Daysie rootes and then seeth the same well together and then let the Patient drinke the same as hote as he may â—uffer it and walke till he sweat if he be able or else layd downe and covered very warme that he may sweat well Also Burre-leaves and Baysalt beaten together and bound about the wrist of the Patient is good for the same Another Take a quart of Red-wine and a quart of Milke and still them and give it to the Patient to drinke when the Axis come upon him but the milke must be taken as it commeth from the Cow For a cold Ague TAke a spoonefull of Vineger a spoonefull of Aqua Vitae and a little Treacle with long Pepper and warme this blood-warme and so let the sick person drinke it when the fit commeth and let him walke if he be able if not laid downe and made to sweate A Plaister to take the Ague or any other ache out of a Womans Brest in the time of her Child-bearing if it come TAke the yolke of an Egge and a little quantity of Wheate flower and a quantity of Honey as much as the yolke of the Egge and beat these together till it be like a Salve then make a Plaister thereof and lay it to the Brest that is grieved and it will heale it without doubt Probatum est To kill the Paulsie DRinke the roote of Valerian in powder and it will destroy the Palsey so that ye eate no Hogge flesh A remedy for the Dropsie SCrape an Elder roote very cleane and breake it in many pieces or shred it into white Wine and let it steepe therein then drinke the Wine and it will heale your Disease whole Against stopping of the Pipes TAke Hisope Mintes Rose-mary Daiâ—ies and Consond of each like quantity and seeth them with Ale in Lycorice and use it Morning and Evening Against Hoarsenesse TAke a good quantity of Verven and seeth it with Lycorice in faire water then straine the water and use no other drink with yonr meate untill you find remedy For the yellow Jaundise TAke the reddest Docke rootes that ye can get and being washed cleane put them into a vessell of good Ale and when it is stale let the diseased drinke no other drink to his meate but Ale and it shall helpe For Wormes in the Bellie AGainst the Wormes in the Bellie take Onyons and pill them cut or slice them small powre Spring-water over them Let it stand all Night and in the Morning drinke that water and it driveth away all wormes powre the same water upon the Earth where the Wormes are and within halfe an houre they will all creepe out of the Earth Another Likewise if one eate Garlicke Fasting it killeth and driveth out Wormes out of the Body Or else drinke distilled water of Knot-grasse or Shanie-grasse the same killeth wormes also how beit it worketh more in young then in old folkes Another Take Mares-milke and drinke it as hote as you can have it from the Mare in the morning fasting An approved Remedy for a Woman that hath her Throwes before her time SEeth a good handfull of whole Chervill in a quart of Claret Wine and when the Hearbes bee well sodden wring them into the Wine and clense it and make thereof an Hypocras with Sugar Cynamon and Ginger and give her thereof to drinke warme at times needfull And it shall expulse the paine Approved A Powder for the Strangury TAke Ivie Berries dryed over the Fire between two stones and Alisander seedes of each a like quantity and make a Powder thereof to be used in a draught of good Ale For the Collicke and Stone TAke unset Leekes unset Time and Parcely and make pottage of it with Mutton it is also good for the Mother For a Megrim in the Head TAke a cloath and warme it very hot and chase the nape of your necke and your temples a mornings For the Tooth-ache TAke nine Pepper-cornes and five Cornes of Bay-salt and some English honey and breake your Pepper-cornes and beate them all in an Oyster shell then make little balls of lint and dippe them in the Honey and lay it unto your tooth or rub your teeth with Allome beaten For a sore Brest TAke a Red-rose cake and white Wine in a dish and set it on a Chafingdish of coales and turne the cake up and downe in the dish and lay it to the brest as hot as may bee suffered and use this three or foure times till it be whole For a sore eye that burneth and is watrie TAke Hemlockes and distill them and take the watet and lay it to your eyes and take a little Lint and dippe it in the water and so lay it unto your eyes as you lye upright in your bed Another Take ground Ivie beaten câ—reth the Web in the Eye putting it in once a day For to stoppe the Bloody Fluxe TAke a pinte of Milke and a pinte of water and let them boyle together over the Fire untill it come all to a pinte and let the Patient drinke it Morning and Evening A Remedy for a Fellon THis infirmity doth come of a venemous matter and other while it commeth of an interiall cause or of an exteriall the interiall cause commeth of some evill humour the exteriall cause doth come of some venemous stinging of an evill humour eate Treacle and make a Plaister of Treacle and lay it upon the place or take the white of a rawe Egge and put in salt to it and beate it well together and make a Plaister thereof Another Take Rew and Soape Soote and Boares greace and stampe them together and lay it to the Fellon A Medicine well proved for the Megrim TAke the Juyce of Night-shade and as much Vineger with crummes of leavened Bread and the white of two Egges a quantity of Bolearmoniac a quantity of Sage and Dragons tayle All these are to be made Plaister-wise upon Flaxe and lay it upon your griefe also Village to be stilled is very good For to heale a sors Eye hurt with the small Pockes TAke the Marrow of the pinions of a Goose-wing cold a quantity of Honey new taken out of the Combe in the hive and mingle it together and lay it on the Patients Eye-lidde and it will heale it For a sore Eye with a Pinne or a Web. TAke white Allom and Running-water and boyle it together in an Egge-shell till it be halfe consumed For a sore Eye that â—tcheth and pricketh TAke Running water a quart and put in white Copperas a Rose-mary sprigge and a spoonefull of Hony and let it boyle to a pinte and then drop a little into the Eye and keepe it after from Rubbing or touching For a Sciatica or Ache in the Bones TAke of Rew and red Nettles of each a a handfull Commin blacke Sope and Frankensence of each a