Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	body_n	call_v	nature_n	1,452	5	5.1884	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66534	The ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the county of Warwick Esq, fellow of the Royal Society in three books : wherein all the birds hitherto known, being reduced into a method sutable to their natures, are accurately described : the descriptions illustrated by most elegant figures, nearly resembling the live birds, engraven in LXXVII copper plates : translated into English, and enlarged with many additions throughout the whole work : to which are added, Three considerable discourses, I. of the art of fowling, with a description of several nets in two large copper plates, II. of the ordering of singing birds, III. of falconry / by John Ray ...	Ray, John, 1627-1705.; Willughby, Francis, 1635-1672. Ornithologiae libri tres. English.	1678 (1678)	Wing W2880; ESTC R9288	670,235	621

a_o dark_a green_a the_o throat_n and_o uppermost_a ridge_n of_o the_o wing_n with_o a_o vermilion_n red_a the_o breast_n and_o thigh_n again_o be_v green_a the_o part_n of_o the_o belly_n lie_v between_o the_o thigh_n and_o the_o breast_n be_v of_o a_o dusky_a colour_n obscure_o red_a or_o of_o that_o the_o painter_n call_v umber_v terrae_fw-la umbriae_fw-la some_o of_o the_o covert-feather_n of_o the_o wing_n viz._n the_o outmost_a be_v blue_a but_o with_o some_o mixture_n of_o white_a the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o belly_n next_o the_o rump_n yellow_a the_o tail_n be_v red_a in_o the_o middle_n the_o side_n be_v variegated_a with_o red_a yellow_a and_o blue_a almost_o all_o the_o feather_n have_v their_o utmost_a tip_n black_a but_o else_o be_v green_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n cinereous_a this_o bird_n from_o the_o great_a variety_n of_o its_o colour_n may_v well_o be_v call_v the_o particoloured_a or_o many-coloured_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d parrot_n it_o be_v of_o no_o less_o than_o seven_o several_a colour_n of_o which_o yet_o the_o chief_a be_v green_a mr._n willughby_n do_v thus_o brief_o describe_v either_o this_o same_o parrot_n or_o one_o very_o like_o it_o it_o be_v of_o a_o green_a colour_n lesser_a than_o a_o pigeon_n the_o irides_fw-la of_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o hazel_n colour_n the_o bill_n be_v white_a from_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v also_o white_a under_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o under_o chap_n it_o be_v of_o a_o vermilion_a colour_n the_o middle_n of_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n between_o the_o leg_n be_v red_a the_o outer_a web_n of_o the_o tail-feather_n to_o the_o shaft_n be_v of_o a_o flame-colour_n towards_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n the_o edge_n of_o all_o the_o feather_n be_v dark_a or_o blackish_a the_o outmost_a flag-feather_n be_v bluish_a the_o exterior_a border_n of_o the_o tail-end_n be_v bluish_a a_o dark_a spot_n cover_v the_o ear_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v of_o a_o yellowish_a green_a §._o vi_o *_o the_o red_n and_o blue_a parrot_n of_o aldrovandus_n this_o bird_n be_v nine_o inch_n long_o sufficient_o corpulent_a the_o bill_n not_o so_o great_a as_o in_o the_o precedent_n blackish_a the_o head_n neck_n and_o breast_n be_v blue_a the_o top_n of_o the_o crown_n remarkable_a for_o a_o yellow_a spot_n the_o region_n of_o the_o eye_n white_a the_o pupil_n black_a the_o iris_n dusky_a the_o side_n of_o the_o belly_n under_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing_n yellow_a the_o belly_n green_a the_o thigh_n white_a with_o a_o shadow_n of_o green_a the_o rump_n yellow_a the_o top_n of_o the_o back_n of_o a_o pale_a blue_a the_o covert_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n particoloured_a of_o green_a yellow_a and_o rosy_a the_o end_n of_o the_o back_n or_o region_n of_o the_o loin_n yellowish_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n be_v ash-coloured_a the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v of_o a_o rose-colour_n or_o bluish_a §._o vii_o aldrovandus_n his_o ash-coloured_a or_o bluish_a parrot_n this_o according_a to_o aldrovandus_n be_v ten_o inch_n long_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o tame_a pigeon_n or_o the_o common_a green_a parrot_n the_o bill_n be_v black_a the_o nostril_n near_o to_o one_o another_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bill_n next_o to_o the_o head_n which_o part_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o naked_a white_a skin_n we_o afterward_o observe_v the_o same_o figure_n and_o situation_n of_o the_o nostril_n in_o all_o other_o parrot_n the_o whole_a body_n be_v of_o a_o uniform_a colour_n viz._n a_o dark_a cinereous_a yet_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o back_n and_o belly_n and_o the_o rump_n be_v pale_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n and_o almost_o white_a the_o tail_n be_v red_a of_o a_o vermilion_a colour_n very_o short_a and_o scarce_o reach_v further_o than_o the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o region_n of_o the_o eye_n side_n of_o the_o head_n round_o the_o eye_n be_v white_a and_o bare_a of_o feather_n the_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v short_a than_o the_o other_o they_o say_v that_o all_o of_o this_o kind_n be_v bring_v from_o mina_n a_o indian_a city_n of_o st._n george_n we_o have_v see_v many_o of_o they_o at_o london_n §._o viii_o *_o the_o red_n and_o white_a parrot_n of_o aldrovandus_n it_o be_v equal_a to_o a_o indifferent_a great_a capon_n seventeen_o inch_n long_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n thick_a the_o whole_a body_n white_a but_o moderate_o shade_v with_o dusky_a so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v ash-coloured_a it_o be_v bill_n be_v black_a the_o hook_a part_n be_v long_o than_o in_o other_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o back_n the_o rump_n the_o whole_a tail_n and_o prime_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o scarlet_a colour_n miniaceo_fw-la colore_fw-la the_o foot_n as_o in_o other_o blackish_a in_o bigness_n of_o body_n it_o give_v not_o place_n to_o that_o great_a sort_n which_o be_v less_o vocal_a call_v maccaws_n in_o this_o only_o it_o be_v inferior_a to_o they_o that_o it_o have_v a_o short_a tail_n for_o which_o cause_n notwithstanding_o its_o magnitude_n we_o have_v place_v it_o in_o this_o classis_fw-la or_o rank_fw-la §._o ix_o *_o marggravius_n his_o middle-sized_a parrot_n the_o first_o species_n call_v ajurucurau_n be_v a_o very_a elegant_a bird_n above_o the_o bill_n on_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o tuft_n or_o cop_z of_o a_o lovely_a blue_a the_o throat_n side_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v clothe_v with_o feather_n of_o a_o delicate_a yellow_a the_o whole_a body_n of_o pleasant_a green_a in_o brief_a it_o be_v elegant_o variegated_a the_o tail_n be_v green_a but_o when_o it_o spread_v it_o appear_v edge_v or_o fringe_v with_o black_a red_z and_o blue_a the_o leg_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o ash-coloour_a the_o bill_n more_o dusky_a the_o eye_n black_a with_o a_o golden_a circle_n about_o the_o pupil_n the_o tongue_n of_o all_o be_v broad_a and_o thick_a the_o second_o species_n be_v like_a to_o the_o former_a a_o little_a differ_v in_o the_o variegation_n of_o the_o colour_n viz._n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n it_o have_v a_o yellow_a cop_z wherewith_o white_a be_v mingle_v above_o the_o eye_n and_o under_o the_o throat_n it_o be_v of_o a_o clear_a or_o bright_a yellow_a about_o the_o upper_a bill_n be_v a_o sea-green_a spot_n the_o three_o species_n call_v ajurucuruca_n have_v a_o tuft_n on_o its_o head_n of_o a_o colour_n mingle_v of_o blue_a and_o a_o little_a black_a and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o tuft_n a_o yellow_a spot_n below_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o yellow_a and_o on_o the_o throat_n a_o blue_a spot_n the_o breast_n be_v green_a as_o be_v also_o the_o wing_n and_o back_o but_o somewhat_o deep_o or_o dark_a the_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n and_o the_o tail_n again_o be_v more_o dilute_a the_o tip_n of_o the_o wing-feather_n be_v yellow_a and_o red_a mingle_v with_o blue_a the_o tail_n underneath_o be_v particoloured_a of_o green_a and_o yellow_a above_o of_o a_o pale_a green_a the_o leg_n of_o a_o bluish_a ash-colour_n the_o bill_n above_o cinereous_a in_o the_o extremity_n black_a the_o claw_n black_a paragua_n be_v a_o black_a parrot_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o ajurucariu_n the_o breast_n back_o and_o anteriour_a half_n of_o the_o belly_n remarkable_o red_a the_o eye_n black_a encompass_v with_o a_o red_a circle_n or_o iris_n the_o bill_n dusky_a or_o of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n the_o tarabe_n of_o the_o brasilian_n be_v a_o green_a parrot_n big_a than_o a_o paragua_n with_o a_o red_a head_n and_o breast_n of_o which_o colour_n be_v also_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o wing_n the_o beak_n and_o foot_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a ash-colour_n ajurucatinga_fw-mi of_o the_o brasilian_n be_v a_o parrot_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o handsome_a pullet_n all_o green_a with_o red_a eye_n and_o the_o skin_n about_o the_o eye_n white_a the_o bill_n and_o leg_n white_a it_o have_v a_o long_a green_a tail_n this_o in_o colour_n and_o length_n of_o the_o tail_n agree_v with_o the_o parakeet_n but_o differ_v from_o it_o in_o bigness_n ajurupara_n agree_v in_o all_o respect_n with_o the_o precedent_n only_o it_o be_v less_o chap._n iu._n of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n of_o parrot_n call_v parrakeet_n §._o i._o *_o the_o ring-parrakeet_a or_o psittacus_fw-la of_o the_o ancient_n aldrov_n this_o be_v the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o parrot_n bring_v out_o of_o india_n into_o europe_n and_o the_o only_a one_o know_v to_o the_o ancient_n for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o wit_n from_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a to_o the_o age_n of_o nero_n by_o who_o searcher_n as_o pliny_n witness_v parrot_n be_v discover_v elsewhere_o viz._n in_o gagaude_n a_o island_n of_o aethiopia_n it_o be_v fourteen_o inch_n long_o have_v

body_n between_o the_o very_a lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n the_o windpipe_n enter_v the_o breastbone_n and_o come_v out_o again_o below_o the_o merrithought_n the_o stomach_n be_v very_o fleshy_a and_o furnish_v with_o thick_a muscle_n above_o the_o stomach_n the_o gullet_n be_v dilate_v into_o a_o bag_n thick-set_a and_o as_o it_o be_v granulate_v within_o with_o many_o papillary_a glandule_n excern_v a_o kind_n of_o saliva_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o menstruum_fw-la to_o macerate_v the_o meat_n the_o windpipe_n reflect_v in_o form_n of_o a_o trumpet_n seem_v to_o be_v so_o contrive_v and_o form_v by_o nature_n for_o modulate_v the_o voice_n hence_o what_o the_o ancient_n have_v deliver_v concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n if_o it_o be_v true_a which_o i_o much_o doubt_v seem_v chief_o to_o agree_v to_o this_o bird_n and_o not_o to_o the_o tame_a swan_n for_o my_o part_n those_o story_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n viz._n that_o those_o bird_n at_o other_o time_n but_o especial_o when_o their_o death_n approach_v do_v with_o a_o most_o sweet_a and_o melodious_a modulation_n of_o their_o voice_n sing_v their_o own_o naenia_n or_o funeral_n song_n seem_v to_o i_o always_o very_o unlikely_a and_o fabulous_a and_o to_o have_v be_v therefore_o not_o undeserved_o explode_v by_o scaliger_n and_o other_o howbeit_o aldrovandus_n weigh_v on_o both_o side_n the_o argument_n and_o authority_n of_o learned_a man_n have_v he_o say_v observe_v they_o to_o be_v equal_a wherefore_o to_o cast_v the_o scale_n and_o establish_v the_o affirmative_a he_o think_v that_o wonderful_a structure_n of_o the_o windpipe_n by_o he_o first_o observe_v be_v of_o weight_n sufficient_a but_o this_o argument_n though_o it_o be_v very_o specious_a and_o plausible_a yet_o do_v it_o not_o conclude_v the_o controversy_n for_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o windpipe_n of_o the_o crane_n the_o like_a ingress_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o breastbone_n and_o reflection_n therein_o or_o a_o more_o remarkable_a one_o yet_o no_o man_n that_o i_o know_v of_o ever_o commend_v the_o crane_n for_o sing_v or_o musical_a modulation_n of_o its_o voice_n but_o if_o you_o ask_v i_o to_o what_o purpose_n then_o do_v the_o windpipe_n enter_v into_o the_o breastbone_n and_o be_v in_o that_o manner_n reflect_v there_o i_o must_v ingenuous_o confess_v i_o do_v not_o certain_o and_o full_o know_v yet_o may_v there_o be_v other_o reason_n assign_v thereof_o as_o that_o which_o 19_o aldrovand_n allege_v in_o the_o first_o place_n 1._o that_o whereas_o sometime_o for_o almost_o half_a a_o hour_n space_n the_o swan_n continue_v with_o her_o heel_n up_o and_o her_o head_n under_o water_n seek_v and_o gather_v up_o her_o food_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o pool_n or_o river_n she_o swim_v in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o windpipe_n enclose_v in_o the_o breastbone_n may_v supply_v she_o with_o air_n enough_o to_o serve_v she_o all_o that_o while_n so_o the_o use_n of_o it_o will_v be_v to_o be_v a_o store-house_n of_o air_n for_o the_o advantage_n of_o dive_v and_o continue_v long_o under_o water_n 2._o this_o kind_n of_o structure_n do_v undoubted_o conduce_v much_o to_o the_o increase_v the_o strength_n and_o force_n of_o the_o voice_n for_o that_o the_o wild_a swan_n have_v a_o very_a loud_a and_o shrill_a cry_n and_o which_o may_v be_v hear_v a_o long_a way_n off_o the_o english_a name_n hooper_n impose_v upon_o it_o as_o i_o suppose_v from_o its_o hoop_n and_o hollow_v noise_n do_v import_v hence_o it_o appear_v how_o uncertain_a and_o fallacious_a a_o way_n of_o argue_v it_o be_v from_o the_o final_a cause_n for_o though_o nature_n god_n ordinary_a minister_n always_o act_n for_o some_o end_n yet_o what_o that_o be_v we_o be_v often_o ignorant_a and_o it_o do_v not_o rare_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v far_o different_a from_o what_o we_o fancy_n nay_o we_o may_v be_v deceive_v when_o we_o think_v we_o be_v most_o sure_a and_o imagine_v it_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o we_o have_v presume_v wherefore_o i_o make_v more_o account_n of_o the_o testimony_n he_o allege_v as_o of_o frederick_n pendasius_fw-la that_o affirm_v he_o have_v often_o hear_v swan_n sing_v sweet_o in_o the_o lake_n of_o mantua_n as_o he_o be_v row_v up_o and_o down_o in_o a_o boat_n but_o as_o for_o the_o testimony_n of_o george_n braun_n concern_v flock_n of_o swan_n in_o the_o sea_n near_o london_n meeting_n and_o as_o it_o be_v welcome_v the_o fleet_n of_o ship_n return_v home_o with_o loud_a and_o cheerful_a sing_n be_v without_o doubt_n most_o false_a we_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o any_o such_o thing_n 13._o olaus_n wormius_n of_o late_o confirm_v the_o opinion_n of_o aldrovand_n and_o the_o report_n of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o some_o of_o his_o familiar_n and_o scholar_n who_o profess_v themselves_o to_o have_v hear_v their_o music_n there_o be_v say_v he_o in_o my_o family_n a_o very_a honest_a young_a man_n one_o mr._n john_n rostorph_n student_n in_o divinity_n a_o norwegian_a by_o nation_n this_o man_n do_v upon_o his_o credit_n and_o with_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o oath_n solemn_o affirm_v that_o himself_o in_o the_o territory_n of_o dronten_a do_v once_o by_o the_o seashore_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n hear_v a_o unusual_a and_o most_o sweet_a murmur_v compose_v of_o most_o pleasant_a whistling_n and_o sound_n which_o when_o as_o he_o know_v not_o whence_o it_o come_v or_o how_o it_o be_v make_v for_o that_o he_o see_v no_o man_n near_o which_o may_v be_v the_o author_n of_o it_o look_v round_o about_o he_o and_o climb_v up_o the_o top_n of_o a_o certain_a promontory_n he_o espy_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o swan_n gather_v together_o in_o a_o bay_n of_o the_o sea_n near_o hand_n make_v that_o harmony_n a_o sweet_a than_o which_o in_o all_o his_o life_n time_n he_o have_v never_o hear_v by_o some_o islander_n my_o scholar_n i_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o nothing_o be_v more_o frequent_a with_o they_o than_o this_o harmony_n in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v swan_n this_o i_o therefore_o allege_v that_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o report_n of_o those_o famous_a ancient_a author_n concern_v the_o sing_n of_o swan_n be_v not_o altogether_o vain_a but_o attest_v and_o prove_v by_o modern_a experiment_n thus_o far_o wormius_n let_v the_o reader_n judge_v whether_o his_o witness_n be_v sufficient_a this_o bird_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o that_o i_o know_v of_o be_v describe_v by_o any_o author_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o goose_n §._o i._o of_o the_o tame_a goose_n it_o be_v less_o than_o a_o swan_n big_a than_o a_o duck_n weigh_v sometime_o when_o fat_v ten_o pound_n it_o be_v length_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tail_n in_o that_o we_o measure_v be_v thirty_o five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o foot_n thirty_o seven_o and_o a_o half_a the_o wing_n extend_v be_v sixty_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a over_o the_o length_n of_o the_o neck_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o set_n on_o of_o the_o wing_n seventeen_o inch_n the_o bill_n itself_o from_o the_o tip_n to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n be_v two_o inch_n three_o quarter_n long_o to_o the_o eye_n three_o and_o a_o half_a the_o tail_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_a compound_v of_o eighteen_o feather_n the_o outmost_a the_o short_a the_o rest_n by_o degree_n long_o to_o the_o middlemost_a which_o be_v the_o long_a the_o colour_n in_o these_o as_o in_o other_o tame_a bird_n be_v various_a in_o some_o brown_a in_o some_o grey_a in_o some_o white_a in_o some_o flecked_a or_o particoloured_a of_o white_a and_o brown_a the_o bill_n and_o leg_n in_o young_a one_o be_v yellow_a in_o old_a one_o for_o the_o most_o part_n red_a the_o bill_n be_v thick_a at_o the_o head_n and_o slenderer_n by_o degree_n to_o the_o point_n each_o wing_n have_v twenty_o seven_o quill_n or_o feather_n in_o the_o first_o row_n when_o it_o be_v angry_a it_o hiss_v like_o a_o serpent_n it_o be_v very_o long-lived_a a_o certain_a friend_n of_o we_o of_o undoubted_a fidelity_n tell_v we_o that_o his_o father_n have_v once_o a_o goose_n that_o be_v know_v to_o be_v eighty_o year_n old_a which_o for_o aught_o he_o know_v may_v have_v live_v the_o other_o eighty_o year_n have_v he_o not_o be_v constrain_v to_o kill_v it_o for_o its_o mischievousness_n in_o beat_v and_o destroy_v the_o young_a goose_n but_o of_o the_o goose_n a_o bird_n so_o well_o know_v in_o all_o nation_n more_o than_o enough_o §._o ii_o the_o common_a wild_a goose_n anser_n ferus_fw-la in_o bigness_n it_o equal_v a_o tame_a goose_n be_v for_o the_o shape_n of_o its_o