Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	body_n	call_v	nature_n	1,452	5	5.1884	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47049	The most notable antiquity of Great Britain, vulgarly called Stone-Heng on Salisbvry plain restored by Inigo Jones ...	Jones, Inigo, 1573-1652.; Webb, John, 1611-1672.	1655 (1655)	Wing J954; ESTC R13850	63,898	123

in aperto mundo atque lucenti praesentes videmus because both the forms and effects of these Deities we behold present before our eyes in a clear and open view Another reason I find also why they built their Temples to Coelus and those other Deities uncovered as Stoneheng because they counted it an hainous matter to see those Gods confined under a roof whose doing good consisted in being abroad Thirdly in regard of the Form of Stoneheng which is circular This figure was proper to the Temples of Coelus and Tellus whom the Ancients called Vesta as Valerianus in his Hieroglyphicks affirms Non solamente la palla ma una simplice piegatura di ruota appresso gli Egizziani demostrava il Cielo Not only saith he the circular form but the meer segment of a circle amongst the Egyptians was an Hieroglyphick of Coelus And to this purpose also Leo Baptista Albertus useth these words Aedem Vestae quam esse terram putarent rotundam ad pilae similitudinem faciebant Unto Vesta whom they reputed to be the Earth they built Temples of a round form globelike Besides observe what Philander commenting on Vitruvius tels us Templorum quanquam alia fiant quadrata alia multorum angulorum Coeli naturam imitati veteres imprimis rotundis sunt delectati Although saith he the Ancients made some Temples square some of six sides others of many angles they were especially delighted with making of them round as representing thereby the Form or Figure of Coelum Heaven Fourthly in respect of the Order whereof Stoneheng built The severity of this Tuscane work retaining in it a shew as it were of that first face of Antiquity as A. Palladio terms it being most agreeable to the nature of this their God reputed the ancientest of all their Deities and Father of Saturn For it was the custome of the Ancients as in part I remembred before to appropriate the severall Orders of Architecture according to the particular qualifications of those they deified Minervae Marti Herculi aedes Doricae fient his enim diis propter virtutem sine deliciis aedificia constitui decet To Minerva and Mars and Hercules Temples of the Dorick Order were made for to these Deities in respect of their valiant actions it was requisite to build without delicacy Veneri Florae Proserpinae Fontium Nymphis Corinthio genere constitutae aptas videbuntur habere proprietates quòd his diis propter teneritatem graciliora florida foliísque volutis ornata opera facta augere videbuntur justum decorem To Venus Flora Proserpina the Fountain Nymphs the Corinthian Order was thought most proper because unto these in regard of their tender natures the work seemed to advance a just decorum when made delicate and flourishing and adorned with leaves and volutes Iunoni Dianae Libero Patri caeterísque diis qui eadem sunt similitudine si aedes Ionicae construerentur habita erat ratio mediocritatis quod ab severo more Doricorum à teneritate Corinthiorum temperabitur earum institutio proprietatis To Iuno Diana Bacchus and to the other Deities of the same quality building Temples of the Ionick Order they had regard unto the mean that from the severe manner of the Dorick and delicacy of the Corinthian the condition of their indowments might be duly moderated saith Vitruvius To Iupiter Sol and Luna though they made Temples sub divo open to the air and without roofs like this Antiquity yet were they not built of severe and humble but most delicate Orders and accordingly were adorned with costly ornaments and beautified with various enrichments in severall sorts of sculpture as by the ruines of them in divers parts of Italy remaining to this day evidently appears Respecting therefore this Decorum used by the Ancients in building their Temples and that this work Stoneheng is principally composed of a most grave Tuscane manner by just proportions of an agreeable form it is in mine opinion as I said before most agreeable to the quality and condition of that ancient Coelus whom Antiquity reputed the very stem whence all those Deities in the succeeding Ages proceeded Coelus ex eadem conjuge scilicet Tellure procreavit Oceanum Coelum Hyperionem c. novissimum omnium Saturnum suscepit Coelus by the same wise to wit Tellus had Oceanus Coelum Hyperion c. and last of all begat Saturn To which purpose also Lactantius I finde Uranius by his wife Vesta had Saturn and Ops Saturn attaining the government called his father Uranius Coelus and his mother Terra that by this change of names he might the more magnifie the splendor of his originall c. Further I conceive it will not be impertinent to our purpose in hand to deliver what the Ancients have reported of Coelus and wherefore they ascribed divine Honours unto Him According to the Poets Coelus was not that huge machine adorned with stars which Orpheus saith was composed for habitation of the Planets and other Deities and which we behold moving with continuall revolution but a certain man so called son to Aether and Dies that is della virtù ardente della luce famosa of transcendent influence and resplendent brightness as Boccace hath it By Historians especially Diodorus Siculus it 's thus delivered Scribunt primùm regnasse apud Atlantides Coelum Hominésque antea per agros dispersos ad coetum condendásque urbes exhortatum à fera eos agrestíque vita ad mitiorem cultum extitisse c. They write he which first reigned over the Atlantides was Coelus and that he invited men living dispersedly before throughout the fields to convene and dwell in companies together exhorting them to build Towns and reducing them from wild and savage to the conversation of civill life Taught them also to sow corn and seeds and divers other things belonging to the common use of mankind Ruled likewise over a great part of the world from East to West Was a diligent observer of the stars and foretold men divers things to come The year before confus'd bringing into Order according to the course of the Sun reducing it also into moneths after the Moons course and appointing likewise the severall seasons of the year Whereby many ignorant of the perpetuall course of the stars and amazed at his future predictions did verily believe he participated of Divine Nature and therefore after his death as well for benefits received from him as great knowledge of the stars they conferred on him immortall honours and adored him as a God And as appears called Coelus in regard of his skill in the celestiall bodies as also for divers other causes eternall King of all the world Thus Diodorus It being an ordinary custome among the Heathens to deifie and esteem for Gods such excellent personages as either had well ruled or governed them or done any notable thing among them to their especiall benefit or good

liking Such were they men or women remained with the name reputation and reverence of Gods or Goddesses after their deaths Furthermore according to the Philosophers Men they knew not how by nature soon wanting and by instinct as soon seeking some God in stead of apprehending better deified the best to sense Whereupon out of all Entities as most glorious to the eye they first made choice of Heaven and Heavenly bodies considering again as the most beneficiall objects those living creatures and fruits which the Earth beneath brought forth to make compleat generations they coupled Coelus to Tellus adoring Heaven as Father and Earth as Mother to these the pouring down of showers from Heaven seeming in stead of naturall seeds and the Earth as a Mother to conceive and bring forth the same Fifthly the Sacrifices in times of old offered to Coelus were Bulls or Oxen their great God Iupiter himself as I find in Rosinus offering such Victimes unto him Ante pugnam quae cum Gigantibus in Creta habita est Jovem sacrificasse dicunt Soli Coelo ac Terrae bovem Before the battell struck with the Giants in Crete they say Jupiter sacrificed an Oxe to Sol Coelus and Terra Now that there hath oftentimes been digged out of the ground at Stoneheng the heads of such beasts in all probability anciently in that place sacrificed I need not again remember being it is so well known Sixthly all the upright stones in this Antiquity are Pyramidall like flames in imitation of those Aetheriall fires wherewith the Heaven is adorned Now that Fire hath the form of a Pyramis is evident percioche essendo largo da basso intorno alla materia esca da che si pasce finisce in acuta fiamma che riguardo al Cielo Because being large at the bottome in respect of the matter and fewell by which it is fed it finishes in an acute flame tending upwards towards Heaven And that the Heavens are adorned with fires Natalis Comes in his Mythology out of Orpheus makes apparent Nihil aliud esse Coelum existimans nisi hunc aethera qui constat ex altissimis illis ignibus Supposing the Heaven to be no other thing but this Air which consisteth of those transcendent Fires Lastly that Stoneheng was anciently dedicated to Coelus I collect from the Conformation of the work For the conformation of the Cell and Porticus in the Plant was designed with four equilaterall Triangles inscribed in a Circle such as the Astrologers use in describing the twelve celestiall signs in musicall proportions According to that of Vitruvius In ea conformatione quatuor scribantur trigona paribus lateribus intervallis quae extremam lineam circinationis tangant In the conformation thereof let four triangles be inscribed of equall sides and intervals which may touch the extreme part of the circumference quibus etiam in duodecim signorum coelestium descriptione Astrologi ex musica convenientia astrorum ratiocinantur by which figures also Astrologers from the musicall harmony of the stars ground their reasonings as concerning the description of the twelve celestiall signs Besides the Cell it self in the formation thereof is cast into an Exagon one of the three figures likewise used by Astrologers in their aforesaid arguments of the sympathy of the stars Figuris tribus saith Philander utuntur Astrologi Trigono Tetragono Hexagono The Astrologers make use of three sorts of figures the Triangle Tetragon and Hexagon Furthermore the three entrances leading into the Temple from the Plain were comparted by an equilaterall triangle which was the figure whereby the Ancients expressed what appertained to Heaven and divine mysteries also Aggiungono i Magi saith Pierius Valerianus che un triangolo semplice di lati uguali è indizio di divinità overo effigie di cose celesti The Magi adde that a triangle of equall sides is a symbole of Divinity or sign of celestiall matters Now this Antiquity consisting of severall stones orderly disposed into one entire work in imitation as it were of those severall stars which appearing to us in the Heavens in form of a circle are called the celestiall Crown and wholly designed by those Scheams wherewith Astrologers use to describe celestiall bodies which figures usually applied by them to particular accidents onely being all joyntly made use of by the Architect for conformation of this sacred structure it is not improbable Stoneheng was so composed because dedicated to Coelum Yea further if lawfull to compare an idolatrous place with so divine a work was not the Temple at Hierusalem adorned with the figures of Cherubims that thereby the Nations of the Earth might know it was the habitation of the living God and why not in like manner this Temple composed by Astrologicall figures that after Ages might apprehend it was anciently consecrated to Coelus or Coelum Heaven But in this conjuncture concerning such kinde of Temples as this at Stoneheng what saith the learned Patriarch of Aquileia Io credo che quel Tempio senza parete significava alcune cose del Cielo gli effetti delle quali sono nello scoperto I beleeve that Temple without walls speaking of the Monopteros aforesaid had a relation to Coelum Heaven because the effects thereof are openly displaied to the full view of all men Camden tels us he had heard that in the time of King Henry the eighth a table of metall was found not far from this Antiquity engraven with divers strange characters which being not legible was neglected and lost had indeed that Table been found within the work it self it might happily have brought to light somwhat in relation to Stoneheng And by all likelihood in time some inscriptions may therein be found it being the custome as well of Greeks as Romans in times of greatest Antiquity to lay inscriptions usually under the first stones set in what works soever especially those of any great magnificence Wherefore I advise mine honoured Friend Laurence Washington Esquire in whose demeasnes this Antiquity stands to whom I am much obliged for his friendly notice of what things have been there of late years digged up that he would be solicitous upon any search made there to enquire after them and if any found not to neglect or curiously conceal them but preserve and willingly produce the same I suppose I have now proved from Authentick Authors and the rules of Art Stoneheng anciently a Temple dedicated to Coelus built by the Romans either in or not long after those times by all likelihood when the Roman Eagles spreading their commanding wings over this Island the more to civilize the Natives introduc'd the Art of Building amongst them discovering their ambitious desire by stupendious and prodigious works to eternize the memory of their high minds to succeeding Ages For the magnificence of that stately Empire is at this day clearly visible in nothing more then in the ruines of their Temples Palaces Arch's Triumphals Aquaeducts