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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	body_n	call_v	great_a	1,387	5	2.5032	3	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47049	The most notable antiquity of Great Britain, vulgarly called Stone-Heng on Salisbvry plain restored by Inigo Jones ...	Jones, Inigo, 1573-1652.; Webb, John, 1611-1672.	1655 (1655)	Wing J954; ESTC R13850	63,898	123

in aperto mundo atque lucenti praesentes videmus because both the forms and effects of these Deities we behold present before our eyes in a clear and open view Another reason I find also why they built their Temples to Coelus and those other Deities uncovered as Stoneheng because they counted it an hainous matter to see those Gods confined under a roof whose doing good consisted in being abroad Thirdly in regard of the Form of Stoneheng which is circular This figure was proper to the Temples of Coelus and Tellus whom the Ancients called Vesta as Valerianus in his Hieroglyphicks affirms Non solamente la palla ma una simplice piegatura di ruota appresso gli Egizziani demostrava il Cielo Not only saith he the circular form but the meer segment of a circle amongst the Egyptians was an Hieroglyphick of Coelus And to this purpose also Leo Baptista Albertus useth these words Aedem Vestae quam esse terram putarent rotundam ad pilae similitudinem faciebant Unto Vesta whom they reputed to be the Earth they built Temples of a round form globelike Besides observe what Philander commenting on Vitruvius tels us Templorum quanquam alia fiant quadrata alia multorum angulorum Coeli naturam imitati veteres imprimis rotundis sunt delectati Although saith he the Ancients made some Temples square some of six sides others of many angles they were especially delighted with making of them round as representing thereby the Form or Figure of Coelum Heaven Fourthly in respect of the Order whereof Stoneheng built The severity of this Tuscane work retaining in it a shew as it were of that first face of Antiquity as A. Palladio terms it being most agreeable to the nature of this their God reputed the ancientest of all their Deities and Father of Saturn For it was the custome of the Ancients as in part I remembred before to appropriate the severall Orders of Architecture according to the particular qualifications of those they deified Minervae Marti Herculi aedes Doricae fient his enim diis propter virtutem sine deliciis aedificia constitui decet To Minerva and Mars and Hercules Temples of the Dorick Order were made for to these Deities in respect of their valiant actions it was requisite to build without delicacy Veneri Florae Proserpinae Fontium Nymphis Corinthio genere constitutae aptas videbuntur habere proprietates quòd his diis propter teneritatem graciliora florida foliísque volutis ornata opera facta augere videbuntur justum decorem To Venus Flora Proserpina the Fountain Nymphs the Corinthian Order was thought most proper because unto these in regard of their tender natures the work seemed to advance a just decorum when made delicate and flourishing and adorned with leaves and volutes Iunoni Dianae Libero Patri caeterísque diis qui eadem sunt similitudine si aedes Ionicae construerentur habita erat ratio mediocritatis quod ab severo more Doricorum à teneritate Corinthiorum temperabitur earum institutio proprietatis To Iuno Diana Bacchus and to the other Deities of the same quality building Temples of the Ionick Order they had regard unto the mean that from the severe manner of the Dorick and delicacy of the Corinthian the condition of their indowments might be duly moderated saith Vitruvius To Iupiter Sol and Luna though they made Temples sub divo open to the air and without roofs like this Antiquity yet were they not built of severe and humble but most delicate Orders and accordingly were adorned with costly ornaments and beautified with various enrichments in severall sorts of sculpture as by the ruines of them in divers parts of Italy remaining to this day evidently appears Respecting therefore this Decorum used by the Ancients in building their Temples and that this work Stoneheng is principally composed of a most grave Tuscane manner by just proportions of an agreeable form it is in mine opinion as I said before most agreeable to the quality and condition of that ancient Coelus whom Antiquity reputed the very stem whence all those Deities in the succeeding Ages proceeded Coelus ex eadem conjuge scilicet Tellure procreavit Oceanum Coelum Hyperionem c. novissimum omnium Saturnum suscepit Coelus by the same wise to wit Tellus had Oceanus Coelum Hyperion c. and last of all begat Saturn To which purpose also Lactantius I finde Uranius by his wife Vesta had Saturn and Ops Saturn attaining the government called his father Uranius Coelus and his mother Terra that by this change of names he might the more magnifie the splendor of his originall c. Further I conceive it will not be impertinent to our purpose in hand to deliver what the Ancients have reported of Coelus and wherefore they ascribed divine Honours unto Him According to the Poets Coelus was not that huge machine adorned with stars which Orpheus saith was composed for habitation of the Planets and other Deities and which we behold moving with continuall revolution but a certain man so called son to Aether and Dies that is della virtù ardente della luce famosa of transcendent influence and resplendent brightness as Boccace hath it By Historians especially Diodorus Siculus it 's thus delivered Scribunt primùm regnasse apud Atlantides Coelum Hominésque antea per agros dispersos ad coetum condendásque urbes exhortatum à fera eos agrestíque vita ad mitiorem cultum extitisse c. They write he which first reigned over the Atlantides was Coelus and that he invited men living dispersedly before throughout the fields to convene and dwell in companies together exhorting them to build Towns and reducing them from wild and savage to the conversation of civill life Taught them also to sow corn and seeds and divers other things belonging to the common use of mankind Ruled likewise over a great part of the world from East to West Was a diligent observer of the stars and foretold men divers things to come The year before confus'd bringing into Order according to the course of the Sun reducing it also into moneths after the Moons course and appointing likewise the severall seasons of the year Whereby many ignorant of the perpetuall course of the stars and amazed at his future predictions did verily believe he participated of Divine Nature and therefore after his death as well for benefits received from him as great knowledge of the stars they conferred on him immortall honours and adored him as a God And as appears called Coelus in regard of his skill in the celestiall bodies as also for divers other causes eternall King of all the world Thus Diodorus It being an ordinary custome among the Heathens to deifie and esteem for Gods such excellent personages as either had well ruled or governed them or done any notable thing among them to their especiall benefit or good

sub his montibus i.e. in regionibus Baianis in agris quae sunt circa Vesuvium montem terrae ferventes sunt fontes crebri qui nen essent si non in imo haberent aut de sulphure aut alumine aut bitumine ardentes maximos ignes Which is saith he by reason in those mountains to wit in the regions of Baiae and fields about mount Vesuvius the grounds are hot and full of springs which heat could not be but that from the bottome are nourished mighty great fires arising from sulphur alume or brimstone there Indeed according to Pliny the sand upon the side of the hill of Puteoli being opposed to the Sea and continually drenched and drowned with the water thereof doth by the restringent quality no doubt of the salt water become a stone so compact and united together that scorning all the violence of the surging billows it hardeneth every day more and more Neverthelesse whosoever could find out any kind of earth in this Island naturally apt to make artificiall stones of such greatnesse as these and like them so obdurate also that hardly any tool enter them or that our Auncestors in times of old did make use of such a cement and in what manner composed by them The benefit thereof doubtlesse would amount so ample to this Nation that Records could not but render him deservedly famous to all posterity In the mean while as it is most certain those stones at Stoneheng are naturall so am I as clearly of opinion the very Quarries from whence hewn were about Aibury before mentioned where no small quantities of the same kind are even at this day to be had vast scantlings not only appearing about the Town it self but throughout the plain and fields adjoyning the Quarries lying bare numbers also numberlesse of stones are generally seen being no small prejudice to the bordering inhabitants As also not far from the edge of Wiltshire in the ascent from Lamborn to Whitehorse hill the like stones are daily discovered To mention more places in particular is needlesse the Quarries at and about Aibury without relating to Lamborn or what ever other distant but fifteen miles or thereabouts from Stoneheng being of themselves sufficient to clear the doubt These having through long time got the very same crustation upon them are in like manner coloured grained bedded weighty and of like difficulty in working as those at Stoneheng Some of which being of a whitish colour are intermixt and veined here and there with red some of a lightish blew glister as if minerall amongst them some for the most part white perplexed as it were with a ruddy colour some dark gray and russet differing in kinds as those stones at Aibury do Some of them again of a grayish colour are speckled or intermixt with dark green and white together with yellow amongst it resembling after a sort that kind of marble which the Italians from the valley where the Quarries are found call Pozzevera nothing notwithstanding so beautifull though naturally much harder and being weathered by time as in this work disdain the touch even of the best tempered tool Insomuch that if nothing else the more then ordinary hardnesse of them is such as will in part convince any indifferent judgement in the nature and quality of stones those in this Antiquity are not as Camden would have them artificiall but naturall Whatsoever worthy admiration concerning Stoneheng either in relation to the greatnesse of the work in generall the extraordinary proportion of the stones in particular the wonder the people make from whence brought by what Arts or Engines raised and in such order placed Camden delivers certainly in his judgement he was wholly opposite to the opinions of the aforesaid British Historians He would never else with so much regret have complained The Authors of so notable a Monument lay buried in oblivion had he given any the least credit this Antiquity had been built either by A. Ambrosius or the British Nobility or to eternize either of their names or actions to succeeding generations Let Geffrey Monmouth and his followers say what they please Henry Huntingdon his Contemporary if not more Ancient is mine Author Nec potest aliquis excogitare qua arte tanti lapides adeo in altum elevati sunt vel quare ibi constructi sunt No man knows saith Huntingdon for what cause Stoneheng erected or which is fully answered already by what Art such huge stones were raised to so great a height Take with you also Draytons judgement in his Poly-olbion couched under the fiction of old Wansdikes depraving Stoneheng Wansdike being a huge Ditch in Wiltshire so called anciently as Camden opines dividing the two Kingdomes of the Mertians and West Saxons asunder Whom for a paltry ditch when Stonendge pleas'd t' upbraid The old man taking heart thus to that Trophy said Dull heap that thus thy head above the rest dost reare Precisely yet not know'st who first did place thee there But Traytor basely turn'd to Merlins skill dost flie And with his Magicks dost thy Makers truth belie For as for that ridiculous Fable of Merlins transporting the stones out of Ireland by Magick it 's an idle conceit As also that old wives tale that for the greatnesse it was in elder times called the Giants dance The name of the dance of Giants by which it is styled in Monmouth hath nothing allusive no not so much as to the tale he tels us saith a modern Writer in the life of Nero Caesar Furthermore our modern Historians Stow and Speed tell us in severall parts of the Plain adjoyning have been by digging found peeces of ancient fashioned armour and the bones of men insinuating this as an argument for upholding the opinions of the British Writers To which if they would have those to be the bones of the slanghtered Britans how came those Armours to be found with them they coming to the Treaty unarmed and without weapons Howsoever what is done in the Plains abroad concerns not Stoneheng Neither can any man think it strange that in a place where Fame hath rendred so many memorable and fierce battels fought in times of old rusty armour and mens bones should be digged up It is usuall throughout the world in all such places and if I mistake not Sands in his Travels relates that even in the Plains of Pharsalia such like bones and Armour have lately been discovered and Sir Henry Blunt in that notable relation of his voyage into the Levant speaks with much judgement of those Pharsalian fields Likewise the aforesaid Writers might well have remembred some of themselves deliver that at Kambulan or Cambula in Cornwall such habiliments of War have been digged up in tillage of the ground witnessing either the fatall field sometimes there fought where Mordred was slain by Arthur and Arthur himself received his deaths wound or else the reliques of that battel betwixt the Britans and Saxons