sensible falling of the countenance whence it 's a common objection when Maids do suddenly grow thin-jawed and hallow-eyed they are certainly in Love Neither is there cause wanting for so subitous sudden an alteration where there is such a lingring sighthing sobbing and looking after the return of the absent object the thoughts so fix'd that they are imployed upon nothing but the past Vision the mind all that while so disturbed and perplex'd with hopes doubts fears possibilities and improbabilities that the heart strikes five hundred sorts of Pulses in an hour and hunted into such continual palpitations through anxiety oppression and distraction that as the saying is fain would it break if it could By means of all which alterations violent motions frights fears and other passions the Animal spirits of the brain and Vital of the heart spirits suffer such losses and dispersions that we see its ordinary for young Wenches to be reduced to faintings sownings and extreme weaknesses to the admiration of their parents whence such subitous and effrayable frightful symptoms should source take their rise Galen among the rest of his remarques lib. de pracogn ad Posthum cap. 6. tells us of a Woman patient of his whom he found very weak in bed continually tossing and tumbling from one side to the other and totally deprived of her rest No extern or intern cause could he discover of this malady neither would she contribut any thing of her own confession though he oft required it of her which kind of mute dumb deportment gave him suspicion of some melancholy or love business the woman was troubled with however he repeated his visits the second and third time though with as little satisfaction as before but at last it happened one came to visit her and told her she had been at the Theater where she had seen Pylades one of the Players dance whereupon Galen observed her to change her countenance and immediately feeling her pulse found it to beat very various and disturbed a sign of some trouble of the mind and so perceiving the same disturbance of her pulse as oft as Pylades was discoursed of was confirm'd in his opinion that all those symptoms were a product effect of her love Aretaeus lib. 3. cap. 3. instances likewise a young man involved in the same passion and surprized with the worst of symptoms And beyond all this Valer. Max. lib. 5. cap. 7. records Antiochus the only Son of the King Seleucus deeply fallen in love with Stratonica his Mother-in-law who piously dissembling his burning passion praecipitated himself into a most dangerous Consumption the cause whereof his Physitian Erasistratus could in no-ways descry before such time as Stratonica entring the room moved a blushy colour in his face and rendred his aspect vivacious lively but deserting him he soon relapsed to the same paleness and languor faintness which ebbing and flowing of his countenance with the uncertainty of his pulse certifyed Erasistratus of some love wound his Mother had struck upon his heart and declaring this accident to the King his Father almost cast down with grief for his Son now ee'n strucken with his last fate he soon yeilded his dearest wife for a remedy to Antiochus considering it was chance striving with his unparallel'd modesty and bashfulness had reduced him to that extremity Hippocrates shewed himself no less skilful in discerning the discriminous dangerous state of Perdiccas King of Macedonia occasioned by the doting love he harbour'd in his breast for Phila one of his Fathers Concubines whose presence at any time excited a great alteration of his pulse But these passages that resent so much of natures impressions do in no wise merit to be admired at when brutish dotings prove so efficacious in impelling bodies into a marcour extreme leanness as Historians verifie of a rich Athonian and indifferently descended who spying a marble Statue erected in a publick place of Athens and very curiously wrought grew so passionate upon it that he spent whole nights in imbracing it at last desirous to impropriate this object to himself wooed the Senat to part with it offering to lay down a treble value but they censuring it impious to make Merchandize of what belonged to the publick denyed his importune request whereupon he increased in fondness and bestowed a Golden Crown upon it Cloathing it also with rich and costly Apparel adored and oft prostrated himself before it which the Senat judging indecent forbad him making any more addresses to their Statue The young Athenian finding himself deprived of his joy and delight fell into a Consumption and before that could limit the course of his life he cut his own throat This passion was not so ridiculous but it was exceeded by the King Xerxes whom many Authours affirm to have been strangely inamoured upon an Oak which he would oft hug and kiss as if it had been some pretty Woman Many more modern instances we could produce to illustrate the force of this sort of passion upon bodies which we refer to another place These commotions of the mind and body do after a short continuance menace threaten a Consumption by oppressing the heart and its vital spirits with such throngs of blood and spirits that are impelled and propt into its Ventricles small hollow rooms within the heart whereby the heart is choak'd and obstructed in its pulsation beating and consequently hindred from transmitting vital blood to the parts which for want thereof must necessarily wither and dry away moreover in that case the blood grows thick and muddy for want of motion and so acquires an ill quality and causes obstructions as we have expressed in the preceding Chapter besides the spirits growing dull and stupid do not perform their office in drawing the blood to the several parts which must necessarily add very much to the wasting of the body Lastly if those love frights prove very violent the blood and spirits returning in great streams to the heart may not only suddenly choak it but also extinguish its Innate spirits and so that doting passion happens to terminate end into a mortal Syncope swoun thus Euryalus a Knight belonging to the Emperour Sigismund taking leave of his Mistriss Lucretia of Siena praecipitated her into such a Love fit that within a few hours after she Ghosted which course Euryalus was like to have steered upon the news of that sad accident had his passion not been diverted by some recreation his friends gave him The like fate befell a Dutch Gentlewoman upon the sudden death of her Puppy dog which she doted upon beyond imagination as the Scene afterwards attested But young blossom'd Girls seem to be troubled with another Divil within 'em to augment increase the fire of their doting hell and that 's their Mother which must ever and anon be a fuming up to their throats upon the least disturbance of their Amours love as I have oft been a Spectator of several that fell into most terrible fits of the Mother five
disgrace of being deposed of all his Offices and Dignities Fates not much differing from this befell also Cardinal Woolsey and many other Grandees upon the like occasions In fine it 's a common observation among the Spanish Polititians that the surest Stratagem to be quite rid of a Statesman that stands in the way and besides to avoid popular clamours and censures is to depose him of all his dignities and imprison him where without question the apprehension of his disgrace or the pernicious air of a Prison will soon set a period to the course of his days or at least put him upon some revengeful attempt whereby he may be rendred a riper object for a publick Scene This by the way to illustrate to you the danger of a pain in the Soul and the near sympathy there is between her and the body Touching the manner of causality whereby grief effects such fierce symptoms viz. a sudden Death and a lingring Consumption may be collected out of the preceding discourse upon an Amorous Consumption to wit the former is caused through a full and sudden irruption breaking in of thick Melancholique blood into the Ventricles narrow rooms of the heart thereby choaking the vital spirits and putting a stop to the hearts pulsation which if intermitted but three or four Pulses portends a certain death The latter is atchieved by a gradual suppression of the vital spirits through heavy tartarous dreggish blood which namely the spirits defecting must necessarily cause an extinction of the innate heat and spirits for whose nutrition they are designed and so consequently a perfect Consumption must be the ultimate issue Add hereto the restlesness and intermission from sleep grieved persons are molested with whereby the blood is much dryed the spirits consumed and melancholy increased Moreover as melancholick blood doth so much suppress the vital spirits so it 's very unapt for ministring matter for new spirits or being converted into flesh because of its grosseness and crudity Neither doth that blood continue long so as I said before but acquires an acrimony whereby it 's much intended heightned in its devouring and consuming quality CHAP. X. Of a Studious Consumption MOderate labour of the body is universally experienced to conduce to the preservation of health and curing many initial beginning Diseases but on the contrary the toyle of the mind to destroy health and generate Maladies by attracting the spirits out of the entire body from their task of Concoction Distribution and Excretion to the brain whither they carry along with them clouds of vapours and excrementitious humours of the whole thereby excessively annoying the brain and its faculties impelling it into various Diseases as Catarrhs defluxions of humours stupors numness imminution lessening of the memory and imagination impairs of the external senses as dulness of hearing or seeing imbecillity weakness in stirring or walking c. Likewise the other parts of the body being deprived of their spirits sustain very considerable damages as the Stomach happeneth to be weakned in its Concoction whence crudities and loss of appetit the Spleen and Liver in their Offices of defaecation whence vitious melancholick dreggish sulphurous blood and obstructions of the Bowels and Vessels the Heart in its distributing the blood to all the parts of the body and strength of pulsation whence an Atrophia or want of nutriment in the parts the immediate cause of a Studious Fastard Consumption Add hereto a sedentary sitting life appropriate to all Students crushing the bowels and for want of stirring the body suffers the spirits to lye dormant and dull whence costiveness dispersing malign putrid fumes out of the Guts and Mesentery a thick double skin that tyes the Guts together into all parts of the body occasioning head-ach flushing of the blood to the head feavers loss of appetit and disturbance of Concoction It is beyond imagination to conceive the sudden destructive effects of a Studious life some eight or ten years since there dyed at Abington one Pendarves an incomparable hard Student and Minister of that Town who being dissected his Lungs were found to be withered and dryed up into an exact resemblance of an ordinary Spunge in point of substance and bigness The like Emblems we find frequently in Universities where Scholars daily drop away of Consumptions Neither is it an extraordinary observation to see Consumptions in the Faces of hundreds of the late Preaching Divines witness else their thin Jaws and number of Caps CHAP. XI Of an Apostematick Consumption APostems although internal do rarely cause Consumptions before they break unless seated amongst the Glandules in the Mesentery where I have observed them to occasion a very discernable extenuation which Symptom seems very strange in that case since a Physician can scarce find any sensible cause of so visible an evil the principal intrails giving no sign of the least distemper and the appetit consisting as formerly In such a case many would impute the foresaid Consumption to obstructions no other cause disease or part appearing suspicious for a deep latent Apostem in the Mesentery if of no great mole bigness cannot be sensibly discovered but by conjecture only since the touch cannot penetrate so deep as to reach it because of its deep situation neither can the relation be expected from the Patient because the part affected is inseusible In the Hospital at Leiden some twelve or fourteen years ago I observed the like accident in a boy who perceiving his flesh to shrink every day more and more although without the least sense of any disease that should cause it applyed himself to a Physician of the Town where he then lived who imputed the cause of his Consumption to obstructions of the Liver and Spleen a trodden Sanctuary for hidden diseases and prescribed him a Deoppilative opening and Purgative Apozem not questioning his Cure The youth finding no benefit doubted his Doctor had mistaken the Disease upon this resolves to go to the University to see what the Professors could make of it who all cryed out against Hypochondriack Obstructions except Prof. Lindanus who conjectured it might be some hidden abscess in the Mesentery which breaking some few days after was discovered to be an Apostem of the Mesentery by the evacuation of the matter by stool How an Apostem in the Mesentery breaking causes a Consumption of the parts is apparent viz. by immitting purulent fumes into the Arteries and Veins corrupting and affecting the blood with a malign quality which proving very offensive to the parts in subverting and poysoning their innate temperature is rejected by 'em whereby they are forced to wither for want of nutriment The said purulent vapours crowding into the substances of the principal and sub-principal parts viz. the Heart Brain Spleen and Liver do likewise so infect poison and destroy their Innate temperaments that they immediately begin to languish in their offices to the great prejudice of all the body But it 's not so manifest by what means an Apostem
in the Mesentery should occasion a Consumption before its maturation or breaking since no purulent fumes can be supposed to be transmitted throughout the body before a maturation nor after unless the humour break because the said fumes cannot transude sweat through the bag of an Imposthum In my opinion the parts happen to be consumed for want of nourishment that 's intercepted from them through the Apostems tumid compression and coarctation of the Mesaraick and Lacteal milky veins whereby the transmission of Chyle a white juice all our Victuals is turn'd into in the Stomach and blood is obstructed CHAP. XI Of a Scirrous Consumption IT 's requisite I should first tell you what a Scirrus is namely a hard tumour without pain feeling to the touch like a stone caused through a concretion of melancholick extravasate shed out of the veins or arteries Blood Setting aside the enumeration of compound Scirrous tumors viz. Scirrous and Oedematique Scirrous and Phlegmonique Scirrous and Erysipelous I shall only insert the kinds of generation of a simple Scirrus either it 's primarly generated out of the effusion of melancholick blood or secundarily out of the dregs and remainder of a Phlegmonous or Oedematick tumour Either of these befalling the Liver Spleen Stomach Mesentery or any other important entrail may cause an extenuation of the Flesh by compressing the vital and nutritive Channals and so intercepting the course of the blood and vital spirits in their afflux flowing to to the parts 2. By vitiating altering to worse the substance and temperament of the said Entrails whereby the blood is not justly prepared for nourishing of the parts CHAP. XII Of a Cancerous Consumption CAncers invading any internal part of the body do in some space of time through an Arsenical Sulphur and Armoniack Salt Ven. read unmaskt fol. 65. 67. their constituent causes corrode the flesh and soon after corrupt the Essential mixture which done renders them absolutely incurable unless extirpated rooted out by exection or amputation cutting off which within the body takes no place Hereupon the blood is soon vitiated with a malign quality and its Course obstructed which proves the immediate cause of an improper Consumption CHAP. XIII Of an Ulcerous Consumption IT 's needless to premit the description of an Ulcer since it s generally known I shall only observe their difference some to be external others internal and some to depend upon the intemperament of the part Ulcerated others upon the continual afflux of lacerative taring humours and lastly some to be irrigated moistned with a more malign pus matter than others Of these its certain both extern and intern do oft cause a gradual maceration wasting of the Flesh but of externals only such whose pus matter is virulent venomous and malign the steems whereof regurgitating flowing back into the Vessels do sensibly infect the blood and the temperament of the chief intern members where the parts happen to be extenuated in such manner as we have once or twice illustrated to you already 2. Extern Ulcers depending upon the transmission of vitiate foul humours out from within the body do occasion an extenuation of the parts by attracting and depriving them of their nutriment as I once observed in a youth in the Charitè Hospital at Paris who through the daily and copious efflux evacuation of matter through the Orifice mouth of a deep Ulcer in his Thigh was reduced to a Skeleton skin and bones and so within a while after dyed of a perfect Consumption Intern Ulcers impell the parts into Consumptions through their purulent fumes thereby poysoning and infecting the blood that should nourish them CHAP. XIV Of a Dolorous Consumption VIolent pains are only apt to cause inflamations and acute Feavers which terminating to a good or evil Crisis are not likely to occasion Consumptions so that it 's only lingring soft durable pains do dispose patients to them by oft attracting the spirits from other parts and spending them for nothing doth wast the spirits swifter than pains so that pains for spending of the spirits of all other accidents comes nearest to the copious and swift loss of spirits by Phlebotomy opening of a Vein Now how the diminution of spirits causes a Consumption we have set down before in the preceding Chapters Add hereto the interception of sleep that pains occasion which doth very much increase the dispersing and depopulating of the said spirits Next to these lingring durable pains short intermittent or swift recurrent pains do precipitate patients into Consumptions as lingring pains of the Stone recurrent pains of the Stomach Meagrims and other sorts of recurrent headaches do frequently macerate make lean the parts and render their looks Consumptive and pining CHAP. XV. Of an Aguish Consumption AGues if deeply radicated rooted do frequently impell force bodies into Consumptions by vitiating altering the Liver and Spleen and perverting their Offices Among these Quartans and Tertians of a long continuance do most menace threaten this Symptom the former as depending upon a corrupt incinerated burn'd melancholy and the latter upon an adust burn'd Stibial or Aeruginous Sulphur both these being very active in devouring the fleshy parts and intrenching upon the fundamental mixture A true and simple Tertian terminating according to the ordinary observation in seven returns or Paroxysms is now and then succeeded by an Hectick Feaver a fellow Symptom to a true Consumption by reason of its swift termination leaving some deep relicks of its cause viz. Stibial Sulphur in some of the chief parts where it lyeth closely impacted propt in and is not easily extermined removed Now had the said Tertian been of a more slow and gradual pace it would gradually have expelled those Relicks so that you may know how dangerous it proves for an Ague to disappear without taking Physick for it CHAP. XVI Of a Febril Consumption WE have oft observed that malign continual peracute very sharp and violent Feavers do after most dangerous and doubtful attaques suddenly remit into a sensible abatement of the ardent burning heat insufferable thirsts immanous raging Head-aches and Phrensies besides a change of their low quick inequal Pulles into more ordinate ones and a mutation of their red fiery Urin into a thick milky colour and curdle setling by all which appearances hundreds of young Physicians have been deceived and thereupon confidently asserted their Patients free from all danger but much to their shame for these be certain signs of an Hectick Feaver and a true or perfect Consumption as appears by their weak and languishing condition without any sense of pain or heat or perversion of their reason which may continnue so with them for two or three weeks and then they expire like a wasted candle Moreover it 's attested by many Physicians that a Continent Feaver or a Synochos imputris doth sometimes migrate change into an Hectick Feaver CHAP. XVII Of a Uerminous Consumption PHysicians do ordinarily observe three sorts of Worms engendred within the body of
the former discourse CHAP. XXIV Of an Ulcerous Pulmonique Consumption HEre I must make my Reader familiar with the Traditional notions young Students in Physick derive from their Hackney Authors upon an Ulcerous Consumption of the Lungs And to be more methodical it 's not unnecessary to digest their documents into several classes 1. Let 's make a disquisition of what they make of it Pulverinus Godofred Steeghius fol. 447. and Sennert 305. define it a Disease of a diminish'd bulk diminuta magnitudo Hollerius Duretus Forest. Nic. Piso c. state it a Disease of a discontinuated Unity Soluta Unitas because it sourceth from an Ulcer in the Lungs Platerus passes it by though Mercurial subtly spyes three sorts of Diseases in it viz. a diminish'd quantity a discontinuated unity and a hot distemper But Capivao comments it chiefly to be an hot distemper there being a continual heat of the parts and an inflammation of the Lungs alwayes conspicuous in that Disease What to assert among these once great Rabbies seems at first sight difficult but upon a little pausing upon the matter you 'l find it a clear case Those that infer a discontinuated Unity namely the Ulcer in the Lungs for the Disease mistake the Disease for its cause the Ulcer being the chief cause of the Consumption Neither can they be thought orthodox that fling in their verdits for a diminuted magnitude that rather appearing to be an effect or symptom of the Ulcer in the Lungs and so is the heat of the parts so that none of 'em can hit one another in the teeth that they are in the wrong But should I insist longer upon these triffles I am like to make my self a participant of their ridiculous discourses and therefore shall step over to give you a brief of the causes they allow to the foresaid Consumption though indeed I ought to have touch't what part they generally conclude the place affected which some will have the Lungs others the heart and many the whole body The Authour of that Treatise intituled De Definit Medic. brings in likewise the breast thorax throat and aspera arteria wind-pipe being affected with a malign Ulcer for seats of an Ulcerous Consumption Touching the internal causes of this sort of Consumption Dogmatists do universally state an Ulcer of the Lungs to be the immediate cause which happens sometime in the Parenchyma or flesh of the Lobes of the Lungs othertimes in their pipes bronchia This Ulcer in the Lungs may be occasioned by several mediate causes viz. 1. Sharp bilious cholerick corrosive gnawing humours issuing out at the pores or lips of the veins into the spongy substance of the Lungs whose flesh they afterwards devour corrupt soon making a putrid hole or cavern which is then termed an Ulcer of the Lungs 2. Hippocrates assigns a ferin wild and taring Catarrh falling into the Lungs for another antecedent cause of a Pulmonique Ulcer a ferin Catarrh is an hot thin and sharp distillation of Rheum which streaming to the Lungs gnaws their veins and flesh and so effects an Ulcer 3. Gross Phlegm stagnating lying still in the Lungs in process of time putrefies and acquires a gnawing quality thereby making prey of the substance of the Lungs 4. The rupture breaking of a vein in the Lungs effusing blood into their pores where it immediately putrefies and Ulcerates The Ulcer these causes produce in the Lungs Hippocrates calls a ferin wild Ulcer because the Nails of those whose Lungs are Ulcerated are recurvated or turn'd back like the claws of wild beasts that is when they begin to draw near to their long home Moreover this sort of Ulcer is ever cirrounded with an inflammation which being digested into matter renders the Ulcer so much the more sordid To these wee 'l add two more namely a Pleurisie which by expectorating spitting out humors by coughing sharp putrid matter through the Lungs may now and then occasion an Ulcer Lastly an Empyema or a collection of purulent matter in the capacity hallow of the breast if not suddenly cured doth undoubtedly impel the Patient into a Phthisical Consumption Chymists impute the cause to a corrosive salt that 's divorced from the Sulphur and Mercury of the blood and afterwards dissolved in those liquors that distill into the Lungs CHAP. XXV Containing a disquisition upon the causes praecited THe indexterity and worse success of the most famous of our Consumption Curers do evidently demonstrate their dimness in beholding its causes and upon that account we may justly prye into the mysteries they involve them in and unravel what is so strongly knit in every Physicians pericranium To this purpose we are to gaze each limb of that Doctrine by it self under the aspect of these ensuing Queries 1. What kind of Choler this is that proveâ— so ravenous upon the Lungs So careless are Authours in this particular that they imagine the cause of a Consumption sufficiently delared in their scripts by imputing it to excrementitious choler but whether they denote the ordinary yellow gall bilis flava vitellin green red or adust black choler is left as a bone for every Readers discretion to knabble at if we should commit the first of these namely yellow or vitellin choler to the test common observation in yellow Jaundises and other Diseases excuses them from such an Ulcerous acrimony sharpness wherein though very copious and rampant injure the body no other way than by deforming it with a citrinous yellowish discoloration In the next place yellow gall is so familiar with the substance of the Lungs that they seem to thirst chiefly after the more yellowish or cholerick part of the blood for their nutriture Green gall the Institutists would persuade us to be an effect of an over-hot Stomach produced out of the hotter proportion of the chyle the white juice of the Stomach which varies in deepness of colour according to the intenseness of the heat of the Stomach some being of a lighter green like Verdegrease thence called Aeruginous gall Bilis Aeruginosa other of a deeper stain or of a dark brownish green like boyl'd Calwort leaves or woad thence termed Bilis Glastea another of a green different from both like to a leek therefore denominated Bilis Porracea i. e. Leeky gall Neither is' t their judgment that any of these greens should be capacitated of damnifying the Lungs because of the remoteness of their harth and was their Spring of a nearer situation they cannot well tell how from a corrosive gall to derive the other Symptoms that usually attend Pulmonique Consumptives as moist Phlegmatique coughs frequent spittings drowsiness and dulness of the senses which rather declare their dependance on a cold Phlegmatick humour than a sharp cholerick one Whence we may deduct a second and third Query viz. 2. How chance such cold Symptoms in Consumptions to issue from an hot cause 3. Upon surmisal that Aeruginous gall should gnaw Ulcers in the Lungs is it transmitted to them from the brain
blood evacuated at the mouth with the spittle may either distill from the brain or palat or be expressed out of the Throat or Gullet or forced out of the Stomach Breast Mediastinum Diaphragma Lungs or Wind-pipe Among these blood forced out of the Lungs gives the worst appearance and doth seldom vanish without leaving an Ulcer behind it Moreover there is a very considerable difference in respect of danger in blood that issues out of the Lung veins which are apt to shed their humours upon these four occasions 1. Upon a rupture or bursting among the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. Upon the corrosion of a vein that is when it 's eaten through by sharp gnawing blood in Greek termed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 3. A vein gaping or its lips being forced open by a Plethory is apt to effuse a quantity of blood in Greek called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 4. When the Tunicks of the veins are grown thin and the blood is likewise rendred subtil and piercing it 's apt to sweat through which is nominated a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This latter is oft cured and therefore of a more hopeful aspect but the two former for the most part contemn all remedies The bursting or corrosion of a Vein in the Pleura succeeds these former in a malicious Omen Any of these bloody sputations being too suddenly cured oft changes into a tragick Scene The like happens upon external applications of restringent medicines to the breast or in case internal restrictives be exhibited without dissolvents to dissolve the crumbs of blood that usually concrease out of the extravasated humours which otherwise would occasion a suffocation A bloody sputation whether proceeding from the Lungs or Stomach intimates less danger in Women whose obstructed courses were the cause of it because these being carried down do seldom miss a cure of the former as Hippocrates doth likewise aphoristically tell us A Woman vomiting blood her courses breaking forth puts a stop to her vomiting but this is to be understood in case a Vein gapes or is forced open by a Plethory not if a Vein be bursted or corroded The same reason holds good in men surprized with a sanguin sputation upon a sudden cohibition of their Haemorrhoids which being recalled do frequently stent the other Symptom but if their Haemorrhoids have disappeared for a considerable time than such a sputation survening upon it proves more perilous than otherwise Spitting of blood is more curable in Plethoricks and young folks than in others of a thinner habit of body and old people because as Hippocrates implyes in 2. Aph. 34. They are less endangered in Diseases whose Disease suits with their nature age and habit of body and time than those whose Disease is in no part agreeable In summa any kind of spitting of blood imports a very discriminous state unless it happens as I said before upon the gaping of a Vein or being opened but not bursted or corroded by a Plethory in which case it 's a great help to nature being over burden'd with blood and it usually stops of it self Thus I have known several women vomit up great quantities of blood possibly a pint or two without any prejudice Some I have heard of that have coughed up a quantity not much less no kind of detriment following upon it A Vein bursted or corroded in the Lungs is look'd upon to be for the most part incurable though some do escape because of the continual motion and Coughing of the Lungs taring the gap wider and hindering the conglutination and cicatrization of the vein besides their remote distance from the Stomach the vertues of Medicines being quite spent before they can arrive thither Spitting of blood being complicated with other chronical Diseases as great obstructions of the Bowels Asthma c. is rendred less capable of cure than otherwise A varix or a sweld vein in the Lungs doth oft a good while after burst out into a sudden spitting of blood the patient not dreaming of the least Disease his body should be subjected to for the Lungs being insensible within cannot advert him of any tumour or swelling This accident usually happens when a man hath had a fall or bruise upon his breast whereby the grosser part of the blood was suddenly impelled into a Vein of the Lungs where it causes that swelling which possibly may burst a month or six weeks after for want of taking something at the beginning to dissolve the impulsed blood A broken Vein conglutinated or a corroded one cicatrized is very apt upon a small irritation as a cough vomit fall c. to burst again or return to an Ulcer because the cicatrize or agglutination is performed by a dissolvable or sometime friable kind of humour that 's easily colliquated or rent asunder by the continual motion of the Lungs and especially if render'd violent by a Cough or other accident Wherefore persons that have been so indisposed ought to refrain from taking Vomits or moving their bodies violently timely to remedy any kind of Cough or other Pulmonique Diseases We have given you a large comment of the Prognosticks of spitting blood the remainder of this Chapter wee 'l imploy in the Diagnosticks Blood that 's evacuated from the Lungs is forced up with a Cough without any pain and if a Lung-vein be bursted generally at the first gush a great quantity is cough'd up which afterwards comes up in smaller proportions The blood that 's evacuated at first appears thin pure and florid with a little yellowish froth upon it that which is afterwards evacuated shews paler and watered with a few bubles on it at last it 's expectorated mixt with fleam That which sweats through the veins comes up diluted pale and watered in small quantities mixt with fleam spittle or some of the serum of the blood If a Lung Vein be corroded the blood at first comes up in a smaller quantity afterwards in fuller streams Physicians do vary much in the colour of Pulmonique blood that 's evacuated some will have it a purple others a florid yellow or natural red As to that Lung-blood generally appears somewhat lighter than a natural red because it s conceived to be rendred more aereous by the Lungs Nevertheless it varies according to the constitution of bodies for in some it may be purple in others yellow or red Another dispute that 's moved among Authors is whether Lung-blood is alwayes evacuated with a Scum or froth upon it according to Hippoc. 5. Aph. 13. Those that spit out frothy blood with coughing it comes from the Lungs For to decide this controversie you must note there is a fourfold substance concurring to the constitution of the Lungs 1. The Grisly substance of the Lung-pipes 2. The tough substance of the Ligaments that tye the great Vessels to the Lungs and joyn the pipes together 3. The Parenchyma or flesh of the Lungs 4. That which the small veins and arteries consist of This considered observe
that the blood that 's evacuated out of the pores of the corroded Parenc of the Lungs is ever frothy because it 's forced through a number of small holes or pores in the Lungs whereby it 's rarefyed and rendred frothy But the blood that 's cast out of the greater Vessels is not alwayes thoroughly frothy but only a top which is caused by it's being mingled with the Air in the coughing it up and for that reason blood that 's vomited up may also appear frothy as Hippocrates lib. de Coacis tells us those that spit up vomit up frothy blood and are troubled with their right side they spit it from the Liver and commonly dye Thus likewise we see that blood evacuated in a Dysentery is frothy a top So Avicen doth witness the blood to be frothy that 's propel'd out of a Vein of the Breast and Paulus writes the blood out of the Throat to be frothy Last of all you must distinguish between pure blood which usually is expectorated less frothy than that which is mixt with windy fleam and melancholy or only windiness This simple bloody sputation of the Lungs is differenced from that which concomitates a pleurisie or a Peripneumonia inflammation of the Lungs because these two latter are ever painful to wit a pleurisie is attended with a stitch the other with a heavy pain of the breast besides other Diagnostick symptoms whereas a simple blood spitting arrives without any pain or feaver Blood that 's cast out of the throat or wind-pipe is spit out with a hawking or a small cough and that in small quantities or streaks that out of the Gums is spit out without hawking coughing or vomiting that out of the breast is expelled with a difficult cough and shews lived and full of crumbs but blood that distills from the head since it may be ejected by cough vomit hawking or spiting may easily delude both Patient and Physician unless there be a narrow inspection made for sometimes a small vein bursting in the head will trickle down but with a tickling in the Throat in great streams into the wind-pipe or stomach whence it 's returned by cough or vomit the usual way to find out the spring of this flood is to cause the Patient to gargle twice or thrice a sharp Oxycrate which will either stop the cough or appear with a deep tincture Another way for tryal is that the Patient is to hold his mouth full of water and blow his Nose hard by which means if there be a vein burst in the head some blood will come forth at the Nostrils Moreover the Physician is to enquire into the Procatarctick causes whether the party be troubled with a Head-ach or hath had a fall or taken cold and is enrheumed or the face be high colour'd Blood that 's ejected by vomit no doubt but comes out of the stomach-Stomach-veins but whether it be blood that 's destined for its nourishment or whether sent from the Spleen or Liver effused into the Stomach through the Splenick branch or Gastrick vein is also nicely search'd into by Practick Authors If the evacuated blood be florid it's Stomach-blood if black and in great quantity it 's Splenetick if red and copious it 's Hepatick Moreover if the blood be Splenetick signs appear of an affected Spleen if Hepatick of the Liver CHAP. XXXI Of the Diagnostick signs of a confirm'd Consumptionof the Lungs YOu must appeal to your memory to have read in the foregoing part of this Treatise the distinction of Proper and Improper Consumptions this latter we have diffected into its several kinds among which I am only to tell you that an Improper Pulmonique Consumption is deciphered with nothing but a kind of a Pulmonique Disease be it a Cough Dyspnaea Asthma c. and a discernable wasting of the flesh protracted to some continuance which doth certainly menace the sudden consequence of a Proper Ulcerous Pulmonique Consumption As to the evidencing a confirm'd Consumption of the Lungs the signs are these 1. There is an old Cough contracted possibly at the latter end of the fall or in the winter or the first approch of the Spring and continuing for three six or nine months without spitting blood the whole time 2. Observe that such a cough that proves so durable doth not alwayes continue at the same stand but is far more urgent sometimes than othersome and somewhiles again returns to that remission that it seems to be quite gone until the patient relapses of his own accord without any provocation of an external cause or errour into the same or rather worse state than before 3. The matter expectorated is thick tough glewy frothy uneven bubbly graish or thin liquid crude or thin and mixt with thick clotty blewish yellow greenish or blackish fleam or streaks only 4. A difficulty of breathing with a kind of a whiesing noise 5. Violent stitches up and down the breast and back below the shoulders which for a while are moveable afterwards fix either under the shoulders or paps which then give a strong presumption of a confirm'd Phthisis 6. The face looks deadish and livid with a dark blewish or brown circle about the under eyelids the eyes appear hollow flat and shrunk without their natural gloss 7. All this while the appetit is wanting and is bent to nothing more than to a draught of stale strong Beer though that be as bad as rots-bane for 'em and this is a very usual attendant 8. The body is sometimes loose and sometimes bound or in some it's generally loose and in others contrary 9. They sleep unquietly and disturbed with fiery or melancholique dreams and feel hot and glowing at their waking being likewise much disposed to sweat about their breast neck and head Their limbs do oft feel sore and weary For the most part they are drowsy and lumpish all day By this time an Hectick Feaver begins to shew it self by a quick soft low and unequal pulse a small glowing of the palms of the hands and feet after meat c. This is the first degree of a confirm'd Pulmonique Consumption from which the second degree differs in the intension of the forementioned Symptoms namely 1. The Cough sounds more hollow and deep continues longer before any matter is brought up and is more urgent in the night than the day 2. The humours or fleam that are expectorated are turn'd into a thick matter pus 3. The body is consumed to nothing but skin and bones the flesh of the Muscels being withered into dry tough strings the skin feeling rough and dry like Leather And the face changed into an Hippocratean visage otherwise called a Mortiferous face and deciphered 1. progn 7. viz. a sharp Nose hollow Eyes the Temples fallen and retch'd the Ears cold and contracted and their fibres turn'd the skin about the forehead hard retch'd and shrunk the colour of the Face is Greenish or Blackish 4. At this degree the Legs and Belly usually swell
observe Consumptions to be most raging about the Spring and Fall according to the dictate of the Divine old man Hippocrates Malum ver tabidis itemque autumnus that is the Spring is bad for Consumptives and so is the Fall And considering withall its malignity and catching nature it may be connumerated numbred with the worst of Epidemicks popular diseases since next to the Plague Pox and Leprosy it yeilds to none in point of Contagion catching for it 's no rare observation here in England to see a fresh coloured lusty young man yoak'd to a Consumptive Female Wife and him soon after attending her to the Grave Moreover nothing we find taints sound Lungs sooner than inspiring drawing in the breath of putrid stinking and beginning to rot ulcer'd or consumptive Lungs many having fallen into Consumptions only by smelling the breath or spittle of Consumptives others by drinking after them and what is more by wearing the Cloaths of Consumptives though two years after they were left off The disease descending frequently from Consumptive Parents to their Children speaks it Hereditary gotten as it were by inheritance from ones Parents insomuch that whole Families sourcing descended from tabefyed consumed and dryed away progenitours ancestors have all made their Exits dyed through Consumptions and in that order and Sympathy of consanguinity near Relation that I have heard of six Brothers Parisians Inhabitants of Paris all expired of Consumptions exactly six months one after another Besides I have known several Father and Son Mother and Daughter tabefyed consumed within Twelve months one of the other Most contagious Maladies catching diseases have their Original recorded the Leprosie in the primitive generation of the Jews the Pox in the year 1494. the Scurvy in 1495 but the Consumption o'retops them all in antiquity that questionless being the primitive disease before all others which in all probability put a period end to our Protoplasts first formed Adam and Eve's days for they being disseised turn'd out of their most happy seat Paradise and so far discarded cast out out of Gods favour could not but fall into a most dismal sad and melancholique drooping for the loss of their happiness the occasional cause and forerunner of a Marcour or drying and withering of their flesh and radical moisture the deep oyly moisture of the parts or otherwise they might have Spun the thred of their lives much longer their principles of life being created in them to extend to an Eval duration lasting without end CHAP. II. Of the various acceptions of Consumptions THe common chink through which errors and erroneous opinions do and have slipt into the Scholastique republique to the endangering and enfoncing drowning of truth is the too frequent misapprehension of the name of a thing which being understood in one sense by me and in another by you must necessarily occasion us to discrepate disagree in the thing it self and this certainly is the great cause of so many controversies and disputes between the Learned and such others as are equally ballanced in right reason now were not the misconception of the name various between them being considered really rational they could not but agree in the thing it self or otherwise they could not be estimated both rational When my self was a Student in the Universities and oft being desired to oppose ex tempore did no more than wilfully misapprehend the names of things contained in the question and upon those false nominal mis-consceptions could with the greatest ease imaginable perform that task as long as I pleased and so may you or any man else Being now conscious of the great errors and dangers that may result out of a mis-conception of the names of things shall so much the more apply my endevours to a distinct explanation explaining of the names of my Subject which usually are variously understood Physicians in their Physical discourses make use of several names which are all translated into this one word of a Consumption as if they bore no different significations such are Phthisis Phthoe Pye Tabes Morbus tabificus Marcor Marasmus a Marcid Feaver an Hectick Feaver and an Atrophia The first denomination to wit Phthisis an Athenian word is generally taken for any kind of an universal diminution lessening and colliquation melting of the body which acception its Etymology derivation 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to consume implyes but some are of opinion the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ought to be written 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with an v deriving it from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to spit Hippocrates 7. Aph. 16. by Phthisis Consumption intends only such a diminution or shrinking of the Body as follows incurable Ulcers of the Lungs that are accompanyed with a small Feaver Cornelius Celsus applyed the word Phthisis to these three Diseases 1. to an Atrophia and in that signification did Aristotle also take it when he wrot in 28. Probl. 1. that Dionysius dyed of a Phthisis 2. To an Ulcer of the Lungs 3. To a Cachexia or ill habit of body but the Greek Physicians were wont to call any one 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Phthisicus who was either grown lean only or who was taken with a proper Phthisis and consumed away or who was naturally inclined to a proper Phthisis namely by having a long Neck a narrow Chest or Breast Shoulders sticking out like wings whence they named such a one 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is winged a weak Brain apt to send down Rheums or Catarrhs and weak Lungs that are disposed to receive Rheums and humours from the Brain Lastly Phthisis is properly and strictly taken according to Hipp. for a Consumption of the Body following an incurable Ulcer of the Lungs and attended with an Hectick Feaver Phthoe is likewise an Athenian word importing a proper Consumption occasioned by an Ulcer of the Lungs but Galen 5. Met. 15. by Phthoe intends the spitting of blood Pye is by Aretaeus lib. 1. de caus sign diut used for a proper Consumption Tabes is the Latin word responding answering to Phthisis and implyes the same proper and improper significations Hippocrates makes mention of six sorts of Tabes or proper Consumptions viz. first libr. 2. de Morb. he affirms that the body oft wasts by reason of a thick Phlegm being retained within the Lungs and there putrefying according to which sense he writes that a Distillation in the Lungs is suppurated turn'd to matter in twenty days 7. Aph. 38. The second he terms a Consumption of the Kidneys Thirdly the word Tabes is oft understood by him for a Consumption of the Lungs without being ulcerated and depending upon a hot and dry Distemper of the Lungs or an Hectick Feaver Fourthly by Tabes he doth also conceive a Consumption of the Lungs with an Ulcer and Hectick Feaver Fifthly lib. 2. de Morb. he inserts another kind of Tabes which he calls a Tabes Dorsalis or Consumption of the back Sixthly 3. Aph. 10. 13. he
account Avicen countermands letting blood in cholerick bodies because he esteems the blood which he chiefly here intends pure blood and Phlegm a fraenum bilis or a bridle of the Gall obtunding dulling its acrimony and fierceness Thesis 6. Choler being set in fire and acting upon Melancholy or rather calcining it into small acuated sharp pointed minimal bodies is by their incorporation with it self rendred acrimonious and bitter whence I conclude Choler accidentaly bitter and acrimonious but not in it self This bitterness and acrimony varies in intenseness and remisness according to the degree of calcination of Melancholy and proportion of Choler it is admixt to Thesis 7. Choler by the premisses is evidenced of being capable only of flaming and kindling a Feaver in the body and consequently Melancholy calcined by the flames of Choler must remain the sole cause of acrimony and corrosion and inclusively of occasioning Ulcers both within and without the body Thesis 8. The heart beating vigorously and strong doth together with its Sulphurous flames expell the foresaid calcined melancholy to the circumference especially if the said humour be but diluted water'd with the serosity waterish liquor of the blood Neither is this sole vital faculty sufficient to exterminate turn out noxious humours to the periphery or outward parts unless the animal faculty be concurrent with it to supply the Fibres with Animal Spirits which do not only render them strong to expel but sensible of feeling the least sting of any offensive humour whence they are immediately prick'd or spurred to contract themselves and by means of that contraction to expell If on the contrary the heart beats weak and the animal faculty be found faintish the foresaid acrimonious humour remains within and causes internal erosions Moreover notwithstanding the strength of both faculties the humours expelled to the circumference are apt now and then to regurgitate flow back by reason of obstructions in the capillar very small like hairs veins terminating in the extremeties Hitherto we have discoursed of the same causes how they happen to engender several Diseases though in the same bodies but at different times That which falls next in consideration is an answer to the fourth Query of the Chapter preceding viz. Why the same corrosive humour should sometimes prove Anarrhopous flowing upwards and generate Diseases in the upper parts and otherwhiles Catarrhopous flowing downwards impressing maladies upon the lower The occasion of the various diversion of the foresaid humour is situate partly in the disposition of the part Mandant the strength and weakness of the vital and animal faculty the parts transmitting or giving passage the disposition of the part recipient receiving and the qualification of the humour transmitted The part Mandant sending or expelling is here chiefly intended for the place where this acrimonous humour is generated and harth or spring whence it sourceth and crupts The place is where the acrimonious nourishing humours are primarly first concocted or receive the form of humours and where they are afterwards further wrought purifyed and clarifyed This assertion probably will accuse many parts more than what ordinarily Physicians have their eye upon The Stomach is a part that primarly digests and converts Victuals transmitted thither into a whitish or cineritious like ashes humour called the Chyle which if it be not exactly dissolved into an even thorough melted juice must necessarily abound with thick and gross admixtures Now it 's a current saying among us that the fault of the first concoction or digesture is not amended in the second vitium primae coctionis non corrigitur in secunda wherefore the chyle being transmitted crude and gross into the Vessels and arriving in the Spleen and Liver sticks in the capillar veins and keeps in the heat or hot steems that should arise out of their Parenchymae or fleshy substance to ferment attenuate and defaecate clarify the blood The heat of those entrails being thus inclosed and pend up redoubles and gradually after it hath extremely dryed and scorched burns and calcines them into a kind of fixt Salt which according to the nature of the Victuals whence they received their constitution and the intension of heat proves a Nitrous Vitriolat or Armoniack Salt The Spleen in this case is found to contain a Mine more frequently producing an Armoniack and Vitriolat Salt with a small admixture of a coagulated Sulphur The Liver is the more fertil parturient of Nitrous and sometimes of a Vitriolat and Armoniack tartar but with so copious a commixture of coagulated thickned choler or Sulphur that it ought rather to be named a Cinnabrin or Aeruginous Sulphur from the greater proportion of Sulphur to a far smaller of Salt The heart we conceive to be the sole mine of Arsenical Sulphur whose pernicious steems insulting upon the Vital Spirits produce malign and spotted Feavers The Stomach is likewise oft stuff'd between its tunicks coats and in the smaller branches of Vessels that are inserted into its body with the dregs of obstructive crude chyle whereout such Salts and Sulphurs are calcined and extracted as in acrimony and corrosion prove no wise inferiour to those engendred in the Spleen or Liver since produced with so intense a heat as is required for the first solution of the hardest food and probably a stronger heat being raised to a higher pitch by obstructions and the ebullition of some of those acrimonious bodies already engendred That the Stomach is so common a spring of Consumptive sublimations and distillations needs no other proof than the sense of the Patient attesting a great clog and oppression at his Stomach oft crying out if that were removed he should be well besides his nauseousness vomiting and difficulty of digesture he finds his gullet all along very sore rough and stuffed with humours subliming upwards which sometimes may not reach so high as his brain but are imbibed by the tonsils and other Glanduls about the Throat where in like manner aforesaid they are dissolved into an oyl and so distill between the Membranes of the Aspera arteria into the Lungs To this the remedies argumentum à juvantibus add an unquestionable verdit Vomitives being twice or thrice exhibited in the beginning or augment do oft eradicate the mineral cause of a Consumption Likewise Lohocks and Syrups that are so usually prescribed do immediately seem to abate and demulce the hoarseness and violence of a Cough by mollifying the ruggedness of the intern tunick of the Gullet and thickning or rendring the matter of the Cough that ascends upwards between the tunicks of the foresaid Oesophogus more glib or slippery So that we must not imagine that Syrups or other expectoratives do ad-advantage in Coughs by slipping down between the Epiglottis for as I instanced before that must necessarily occasion a greater Cough and difficulty of respiration Neither is' t probable they circulate about to the heart and Vena arteriosa to arrive to the Lungs for before that time their sweetness whereby they are
Galen and his Cotemporaries did commonly observe Pulmonique Consumptions to follow a spitting of blood whence many of his Sectators do still persist in the same tenent not considering that what was usual in Galen's time may be less common now for Pulmonique Consumptions do as frequently appear among us here that are molested only with an acrimonious moist kind of Cough as those that have fallen into that evil upon spitting of blood hapning upon a rupture or corrosion of a vein in the Lungs Besides my own sentiment I 'le insert the observations of Argenterius and Fernelius The former in his Comment 3. in Art Medic. Gal. gives a relation of four women that dyed all of exquisite Ulcerous Pulmonique Consumptions none whereof coughed up blood And Fernelius writes thus Some upon the spitting only of a liquid and yellowish humour being taken with a small Feaver have begun to consume and a long time after did spit a little blood mix'd with matter but I have likewise observed a many that dyed Consumptive in whom there was not not the least appearance of blood throughout their whole sickness Moreover observe there is an Ulcerous disposition of the Lungs and an Ulcer of the Lungs And both these may be appositely termed causes of a Pulmonique Consumption or Consumption of the Lungs By an Ulcerous disposition of the Lungs I intend a perfusion of acrimonious salin liquors such as I instanced before throughout the body of the Lungs insensibly drying gnawing and absorbing their flesh and likewise insensibly dissipating it into vapours and exhalations through the pores of the Parenchyma and ambient Membrane which latter though Galen denyes to be pervious with a number of small holes is found to be so by Aristotle's and others experience Thus the Lungs of many deceased Consumptives have been discovered quite consumed nothing remaining but the ambient cirrounding Membrane skin and a number of withered veins and filaments threds without the precedence of spitting of blood or matter Moreover as I observed in Chap. 23. a Consumption of the Lungs may also arrive upon a scirrosity hard Apostems as At heroms Steotoms c. putrefaction of humours within its pores and a crude tubercle or drying scorching fuliginous steems continually fuming from the heart without the least appearance of expectorated blood In this particular I remember one of our elderly Oxford Physicians proved disappointed of his Prognosticks or rather Diagnosticks A Scholar applying himself to him for information whether he were in a Consumption was answered with a question whether he spitted blood whereat the Scholar replyed negatively than said he 't is but a Ptisick Cough and I 'le warrant you from a Consumption though three months after he left a Skeleton behind him to witness what he dyed of The Seventh Eighth and Ninth Query you 'l find solved by what is declared already The Tenth is Whether an Hectick Feaver be a cause of a Consumption or a symptom of the cause Symptoma causae of a Consumption or a Symptom of the Consumption it self symptoma symptomatis Certainly it 's a symptom of the cause and a fellow symptom with the Consumption of the intire body The Eleventh demand is Whether a Pulmonique Consumption may not happen without the concomitance of an Hectick Feaver This I may safely conclude there is many a Pulmonique Consumption without the evident signs of an Hectick Feaver viz. a sharp equall heat over the whole body a glowing of the extremities an hour or two after meat a quick low pulse c. without which I can attest I have found several Consumptives though for what I knew there might very probably have been a latent hidden Hectick However for the most part there is a sensible Hectick attending Consumptives But out of this discourse there may be a very important question started Whether that Hectick Feaver be a Morbus in esse a Disease already generated or a Morbus in fieri a Disease in engendring If we suppose it a Morbus in esse than though the Ulcer were dryed up and cured the Hectick would remain as being a Fire kindled out of the Innate heat and Radical moisture into an actual flame and depending upon no fewel but its self which would continue burning until the radical moisture were burn'd away On the other hand if we consider it as a Morbus in fieri than it must have its dependance upon putulent steems dispersed from the heart together with the blood to the parts where arriving they cause a kind of heat and glowing in the substantial principles whereby they are set in fire until the purulent acrimonious steems are dissipated The symptoms make this appear very probable viz. a glowing heat being a new fermentation two hours after victuals excited through the appelling purulent corrosive steems transported thither with the blood 2. The Pulses confirm the same inference changing quick hot and acre biting to the touch at the advent coming of the foresaid steems and after a while when they are consumed and expelled by transpiration they return to a more moderate motion until the next flood of fermenting matter 3. Were this assertion not admitted that the foresaid Pulmonick Hectick is a Morbus in fleri than necessarily an Hectick once kindled would impell the patient into a Marcour though the Ulcer in the Lungs were cicatrized the contrary whereof hath been discovered in several so that you may rest certain that the Ulcer being cured the Hectick vanishes with it Hence you may extract what I intend by an Hectick Feaver namely the Innate heat kindled into a destructive fire violently absorbing the oyly Radical moisture through the appulse of salin steems which through their contrariety to the Balsamick mixture excite a fervent fermentation in this latter like oyl of Vitriol powred upon oyl of tartar or water upon lime Lastly wee 'l conclude Ulcers that succeed the bursting of a Vein in the Lungs and some others induced by other causes to depend for a considerable time before they can attain to that height of exciting an Hectick Feaver for we cannot suppose the Heart to consist of so small a force as not to be able to resist those purulent fumes for a while and divert them from the other parts into whose Penetrails depth to insinuate some proportion of time must be allowed The Twelfth and last Interrogatory is Whether there be any other sort of true perfect exquisite or proper for those terms are reciprocately used by Authors Consumptions besides a Pulmonique Consumption This Query implyes rather a controversie about words than the thing it self for if they resolve to term no other an exquisite or proper Consumption but a Consumption of the Lungs words being to be understood ex intentione imponent is from the intention of him that imposes the word then the case needs no debate but if the words are to be taken ex apprehensione intelligent is from the apprehension of those that understand or whom they are spoken to then the
register of Consumptions will be much enlarged Now so it is that the common intendment states a proper Consumption a dissolution or corruption of the Balsamick principles and consequently if differencing perfect Consumptions by the variety of their causes and seats of those said causes we must infer many more as an Hypochondriack Amorous Ulcerous Cancerous Renal Dorsal and many other sorts of Consumptions before commented upon If probably I have not proposed resolves to these Queries that are enough seasoned for every Readers palat I must beg his excuse upon pretence it 's but the first rough draft which upon a second attempt may be rendred better polish't However such as they be they 'l prove a more luminous and soveraign Directory for the Conservative Preservative and Curative part of a Consumption than any hitherto offer'd to view CHAP. XXVII Of some less frequent and rarer causes of a Pulmonique and other sorts of Consumptions TO decline confusion of causes we have reserved these being of a more rare emergency for a particular remarque This distinction of Consumptions is universally observed that some are moist others dry A moist Consumption receives its nomenclature name from a moist sputation spitting or expectoration that attends it a dry one is known by its dry Cough This latter besides the ordinary praecited causes is sometimes occasioned by various accidents of the Heart as Wounds Ulcers Bones Stones and Worms that are bred in it and particularly by a Marcour or a Hectick of the Heart which together with the Lungs as Melangthon witnesses lib. 1 de Anima were found to be as dry as a Baked Pear in the expired body of Casimir Marquéss of Brandenburgh Thus likewise Telesius reports the heart and consequently the Lungs of a noble Roman dryed away by an immoderate heat to nothing but the skin Fernelius in his Pathol. lib. 5. cap. 12. tells us of one that dyed Consumptive whose heart was afterwards discovered to be corroded into three large Ulcers the steems of whose matter must needs have infected the Lungs Bauhinus among his observations registers this following that he dissected a Corps wherein he found the Lungs consumed the capacity of the breast to be full of putrid and concreased blood the Pericardium a skin wherein the heart lyes inclosed as in a bag to contain above a quart of white matter pus and the heart extremely extenuated and consumed about the surface The symptoms that molested the party were a Cough a pain in his Breast difficulty of respiration and an Hectick Feaver The Pericardium is likewise summon'd by Petr. Salius de our Morb. c. 7. for an apparent cause of a Tabes or Marcour if anywise affected as suppose inflammed or pustulated This may seem strange that an ignoble part should bring the whole body in danger but then considering its near situation to the heart the cause is obvious enough whence to derive its Consumptive symptoms Some might rather imagine that the drying up of the waterish humours contained in the Pericardium supposed by most modern Anatomists to be distined for to moisten and cool the heart may now and then impell a man into a Consumption for want of which water the heart dryes away and shrinks whereunto the other parts are obliged to sympathize But in my opinion it 's questionable whether any such waterish liquor be floating in the Pericardium whilst a man is yet living for in Beasts as Dogs or Cats whose breast hath been pierced alive to discover whether the said Membrane the heart is wrapt up in be moistned with that kind of serosity no such thing was deprehended in whom notwithstanding there appeared the same necessity for a cooler as in men whose languishing heart probably whilst a dying may seem faintly to sweat such kind of moist drops into its bag 2. There have been some that were born destitute of a Pericardium witness Columbus lib. 15. Anat. where he recites the Anatomy of a Scholar at Rome whom he found wanting of a Pericardium so Galen lib. 7. cap. 13. Administ Anat. doth likewise instance a Boy whose heart lay visible because the breast bone was part cut out and the Pericardium partly putrefyed A dry Consumption may likewise chance upon a Vomica or a tumor of humours turn'd into matter and inclosed in a bag whereby Authors would have it differenced from an Apostem in the Lungs which before it breaks causes a stertour or noise in the Throat in breathing and a very troublesome Asthma A Pulmonique Consumption doth sometimes happen upon a Varix or vein swelled in the Lungs which in length of time doth burst whence an effusion of blood and soon after a congestion of purulent matter Hippocrates in coac praed makes mention of a kind of suppuration that survenes Lethargies which doth commonly terminate into a Consumption viz. quicunque vero servantur ex Lethargicis ut plurimum suppurati fiunt those that recover of a Lethargy for the most part become suppurated But lib. 1. de Morb. he relates five kinds of Pectoral suppurations more that tend to the same period unless according to 15. Aphor. lib. 5. they expectorate the matter in 40. dayes viz. First there is a suppuration of fleam distilling from the head into the hallow of the breast The second follows a Pleurisie not expectorated The third happens upon the bursting of a vein in the breast The fourth upon a Phlegmatique Pleurisie The fifth succeeds a varix in the breast bursted or sweating out per Diapedesin blood But those that are curious to be further satisfied touching the manner of Pectoral or Pulmonique suppurations let them peruse Hipp. lib. 1. de Morb. where he doth most incomparably illustrate that subject Here may be questioned Whether Phleam according to Hippocrates his dictate is suppurable or disposed to be converted into matter Pure Phleam certainly is not but being mixed with other humours is experienced to be suppurable Hippocrates lib. de Glandul describes a Sciatique Consumption Tabes coxendica Alius morbus oritur ex desluxione capit is per venas in Spinalem Medullam inde autem in Sacrum os impetum facit in coxendicum acetabula sive juncturas deponit si tabem fecerit homo marceseit atque hoc modo contabescit vivere non expetit i. e. Another Disease takes its beginning from a defluxion of the head through the Veins into the Marrow of the Back thence forceth to the os sacrum and expels to wit the distilled humour into the Hip joynts The Lungs do sometimes though very rarely grow fast to the Pleura the skin that lines the breast within whence such as are detained with that accident are Lung-grown The symptoms attending are a heavy pain in the breast a difficulty of respiration breathing faintness c. which continuing do advance their subjects to a Consumption This sort of Consumption might be annumerated to an Asthmatick Consumption as Mercatus and others are pleased to term it since the symptoms appear
not different from those in an Asthma saving there is only a Cough wanting to make up the train The cause of this Lung-growth is imputed to a superficial sanious or ichorous exulceration whose matter being somewhat glutinous cleaves to the foresaid Pleura and dryes up to it whereby it 's fastned The truth hereof is evidenced in the dissected bodies of those that were Lung-grown whose Lungs are ever found ichorous and mattery near the place of adhaesion witness the dissected bodies of Ferdinand the Emperour and Francis the French King whose Lungs according to the Testimonies of Gesner and Holtzach were not only deprehended fastned to the sides of the breast but in a great part putrefied and sanious But whether those filaments threds that serve in lieu of ligaments to tye the Lungs to the Pleura being shortned by a strain or imbibition of humours may not produce a Consumption seems not improbable an Asthma it 's certain they do and consequently may attract humours to the Lungs and prove an accidental cause of overheating and overdrying the heart for not expiring the fuliginous steems that issue thence and not inspiring fresh air sufficient to cool and moisten it on the other hand these said filaments being overmuch relaxed or broken do induce that accident which may be properly stiled the Rising of the Lights Some other infrequent rare Consumptions may happen but such as scarce appear among ten thousand Consumptives and therefore shall forbear their insertion committing their narrow search to Physicians their proper industry CHAP. XXVIII Of the Procatarctick or external causes of Pulmonique Consumptions THose Procatarcticks that required a larger comment as love grief c. we have discoursed of in particular Chapt. others that are limitted in a narrower extent of speculation and particularly such as promote English Bodies beyond those of other Nations into Consumptions we intend to treat of here To begin with these latter it 's not improbable the causes must be inherent in those non naturals whose quality and our use of them differing from other Nations transport our bodies beyond theirs into extenuations and Marcours 1. We differ extremely from all others in our dyet Flemmings and Germans buy flesh meat by the pound and eat it by ounces we buy meat by whole joynts and eat it by pounds 2. They usually boyl and roast their meat until it falls almost off from the bones but we love it half raw with the blood trickling down from it delicately terming it the Gravy which in truth looks more like an ichorous or raw bloody matter 3. Flesh once a week is a variety to their great ones once a month a delicacy to their Burgers Citizen's and once a year a feast to the rabble and that at their Kermisses or Fairs only But their thriving dyet the hogs has taught 'em viz. Cabbage Turnips Salates Butter-milk Whey c. Which renders them alike not only in fatness but in manner of humour witness their Brawny Necks Fat Trype Guts and grunting hoggish deportments But here on the other hand great and small rabble and all must have their Bellyes stuffed with flesh meat every day and on Sundayes cramb their guts up to the crop with pudding 4. Neither is the difference only in the eating part but drinking they overwhelming their panch daily with a kind of flat Scarbier or Rotgut we with a bitter dreggish small liquor that savours of little else than hops and muddy water The wine they so much debauch themselves with is a kind of crude dull stumd Burdeaux we with Canary Thus we have parallel'd the dyets of two Nations in order to a further examination of their different effects rendring those of a squabbish lardy habit of body us of a thinner though more fleshy appearance and some who by their stronger natures exercise or labour are equally matcht to digest and subdue that mass of flesh they daily devour acquire a double strength to what those Hermits receive from their Herbage But since we experience that sort of feeding doth scarce improve our carcasses beyond a lean habit and the contrary dyet to stuff the hides of our Neighbours with a large proportion of Grease and Tallow gives us argument to impute to it a great part of the occasion that inclines us so much to Consumptions Wee 'l insist a little further upon the matter first touching our so greedy devouring of flesh especially Beef and Mutton whereof there is a greater quantity consumed in England than in all Spain France Holland Zealand and Flanders as I can demonstratively make appear to you by this sole instance you 'l grant there are more gloves worn here then in all Holland Zealand and Flanders besides for from the highest to the lowest they usually go with their hands in their Pockets in the Summer and in the Winter hold 'em to their Noses to blow 'em warm Next we wear out more Shooes here by two thirds than all France where it 's universally known the paysantry goes barefoot and the middle sort throughout all that Kingdome makes use of Wooden Clogs Now this considered that notwithstanding the great number of gloves and shooes worn out here besides millions of pairs that are transported hence to the Barbado's Virginia and many other Plantations we abound so much with Hides Gloves Sheeps and Neats Leather that we furnish the better part of all Christendom with them which is a certain sign there must be an incredible number of Sheep and Oxen killed whose flesh since we make no forreign Merchandize of saving only of their Skins and Hides must necessarily be all consumed among us But to declare to you the great mischiefs which is my chief business this flesh greediness heaps upon us a Plethory fulness of blood both ad vasa and vires is the first and immediate effect the next a Plethora ad vasa an over fulness of the Veins and Arteries with blood doth easily upon a small commotion or heat of body fall or other accidents burst a Vein in the Lungs whereupon commonly follows an Ulcer and soon after a Pulmonique Consumption Moreover note that a Plethory produced by immoderate eating of flesh is more impetuous and turgent and therefore so much disposed to burst a Vein whereas any other Plethory engendred of Fish Milk or Herbs being less turgent and diluted with waterish humours seldom swells to that height The Plethora ad vires a fulness of blood that oppresses the strength is the evident cause that renders us universally lean by suppressing our spirits and hebetating dulling their vigour whereby they are not only incapacitated of digesting the alimonious humours into flesh but of attracting blood to the parts to nourish them which defect reduces the body to a leanness and if continued to a Consumption Lastly know that flesh meat being so nutritive and likewise hard of digesture doth abound with the most and worst dregs of any other kind of meat especially if not totally digested as seldome it is
by those that glut down such immeasurable proportions of flesh These dregs immediately perfuse the blood with melancholy cause obstructions of the Spleen and Liver and stick in the capillar insertions of the Stomach being soon incinerated and calcined into such Salts as we premitted in the preceding Chapter which after a short interlapse of time produce Coughs Ptisicks and at last a Pulmonique Consumption For a further proof hereof wee 'l add a dictate or two of Hippocrates lib. de veter Med. he saith that Meat eaten in greater quantity than what is convenient tabefyes consumes the body And lib. de loc in homine he speaks thus If the body conquers the meat it eats it flourishes but if it be overcome and yeilds the body grows lean Now let 's pass to the other part of your Dyet that so much admired Mistress of your fond Palats Canary to whose debauchery a far greater number of Murders may be imputed than to the fury of the Sword What malignant Feavers Dysenteries pernicious Consumptions doth it impell English bodies into Sack drinkers that sometimes have over balasted their panch with that liquor do by their beastly return of it present their Spectators with a view what a most filthy corrosive greenish oyl it s converted into by the preternatural heat of their Stomach which in length of time being congested in some considerable quantity and floating in a violent stream through the Vessels is the cause of so many malign Feavers as generally reign here towards the latter end of the Summer This is the the account of its acute quick and violent effects it 's Chronical of a longer protraction ones are a vehement drying and inflammation of the bowels and humours whereby great and obstinate obstructions are engendred by drying away and absorbing the subtiler and more waterish part of the humours and leaving the grosser behind which soon turns to an adust melancholy the further effects whereof have been sufficiently declared already Neither are the meaner sort of people destitute of their Ambrosia who must needs every day after Sunset bestow three pence out of their groat in Strong Beer a liquor that attributes the better half of its ill qualities to the Hops being an inland drugg conconsisting of an acrimonious fiery nature setting the blood upon the least Cacochymy vitious humours into an Orgasmus a violent working by an ill ferment it yeilds to the Stomach Liver and Spleen which doth likewise render the humours fiery adust and melancholique Small Beer though it partakes less of the Hops yet according to their proportion corresponds in offensive and insalubrious unwholsome qualities whence we may observe that Patients in Feavers and many other distempers receive a sensible prejudice from that rot-gut though the quantity of Hops be less by the foresaid Orgasmus it excites By this you may judge since small Beer at the best proves so unwholsome a drink what it doth at worst perhaps being brewed with a thick muddy and clayish water which the Brewers covet the rather because of adding a body or substance to the drink which the dead remainder and small quantity of Malt can in no wise contribute to it now to give a strong tast to this dreggish liquor they fling in an incredible deal of Broom or Hops whereby small beer is rendred equal in mischief to strong The third Endemick cause whence we derive our extenuating diseases is the Air which as I have expressed to you before in Chapt. o. obtains a more particular and immediate power from its continual commerce with our Lungs and Vital spirits of committing violence upon them and the Vitals There is none who hath traversed the least tract of ground beyond his native Soil but can attest the strange alterations the Air produces upon bodies especially if diseased The Air o' th Alps subjects the Inhabitants there to distillations to their throat which congested do in a short space swell into a huge mole the Indian Air disposes Northern bodies to Dysenteries the Spanish Air engenders the Kings evil that of Padua a blindness where I remember I took notice of several blind folks but whether the Air of that place had produced that accident in them or whether they came from other places thither to be cured by stroaking their eye-lids over Saint Antonio di Padua's Tomb by which means great numbers as they told me have been reduced to their perfect sights I inquired not The Air at Rome is likewise very pernicious especially all the Summer at which time as I was informed there no person will hazard to travel towards Naples for fear of incurring that dangerous phrensie and burning Feaver which the change of Air unavoidably brings upon them especially upon those that return from Naples to Rome among whom scarce one in a hundred escapes though they use the extremest remedies as actual cauteries and scarifications for their recovery What calamitous effects the Air of this City wrought upon us the last year you may read in my Discourse of the Plague In fine there 's no cause of questioning but that the Air doth evidently concur to the production of several Diseases and particularly of this English Endemick but through what means or disposition it 's that I am about to illustrate to you The situation of this Island is such as disposes it to a continual clowdiness which in the Summer renders the Air cooler and in the Winter warmer The matter whereout those perennal clouds are raised is the Sea that cirrounds us which clouds so attracted the westerly winds blowing three fourths of the year do continually blow upon us in lieu whereof if eastern winds did perflate our clime more frequently would not only blow away those misty clouds but exceedingly clarifie and refresh our Air. These clouds as they are raised out of the Sea so they still partake of the salin saltish bodies they drew up with them thence which descending upon us by degrees and being perfused through the Air do through their salin acrimony corrode our weak Lungs and with their thick foggy substance obstruct the Bronchia Pulmonum or Lung-pipes This Pulmonique indisposition of the Air is very much heightned in great Cities especially where a great quantity of Sea-coal is burned as here in London where the number of Brew-houses Cooks and Smiths Shops besides all other Private houses Brick and Lime Kills about the City makes smoak that at a distance London appears in a morning as if it were drowned in a black cloud and all the day after smothered with a smoaky fog the consequence whereo◠proves very offensive to the Lungs in two respects 1. By means of those Sulphurous coal smoaks the Lungs are as it were stifled and extremely oppressed whereby they are forced to inspire and expire the Air with difficulty in comparison to the facility 〈◊〉 inspiring and expiring the Air in the Country as people immediately perceive upon their change of Air which difficulty oppression and stopping must needs at
length wast the Lungs and weaken them in the function 2. Those fuliginous smoaks partly consisting of salin corrosive steems seem to partake of the nature of Salt armoniack whereby they gnaw and in time Ulcerate the tender substance and small veins of the Lungs That coal smoak is of so corrosive a quality is easily experienced by those that are beset with smoak in a room whose eyes it bites and gnaws that it forceth 'em to water and by pricking their Throat and Lungs puts them into a dry Cough These salin corrosive steems are very much intended by the addition of those that exhale from Houses of Office Pissing places and other nasty stinks and fumes great Cities are ever pester'd with Another great cause of the frequency of Consumptions among us and especially about the City is a continuated descent of weak Pulmonique Children from Consumptive Parents who propagate and transfuse their Pulmonique Seminaries to their whole subsequent generation which occasions so many hundreds to drop hence every year to the Countrey for fresh air Hitherto we have insisted upon those causes that effect Consumptions Endemick to this Island there remains a citation of such others as indifferently may produce that malady in any other Countrey Immoderate feeding upon Powder'd Beef Bacon Salt Fish Pickled Meats Anchiovi and debauching with Brandy Sack and other strong Wines and Spirits do inflame and acuate the blood whereby it 's capacitated to corrode the tender veins of the Lungs whereupon follows spitting and coughing up of blood A fall and according to Hippocrates lib. 2. de Morb. vehement exercise or labour violent vomiting a blow upon the breast calling a lowd do oftimes occasion a vein to burst in the Lungs Catching cold on the breast by going cool in the morning or evening as many do by leaving their Doublets unbuttoned or women by running up and down in their Smock sleeves or lying naked with their breast in the night doth impell the blood suddenly into the Lung-veins whereby being overfilled burst into an effusion of blood Those that are naturally destitute or have lost their Uvula palat are likewise very incident into a rupture of a Lung vein in admitting the cold air without that previous alteration the Columella palat contributed by hindering the cold air to irrupt suddenly into the Lungs The eating of a Sea hare is thought to corrode the Lungs by a Specifick property Pliny lib. 7. 2. writes that there is a certain people in Aethiopia whose sweat precipitates any into a Consumption whom it touches Consumptions do frequently arrive upon a sudden suppression of the Haemorrhoids piles witness Hippocrates 6. Aph. 12. If upon curing of Haemorrhoids that have ran long you do'nt leave one there is danger of a Dropsie or Consumption because nature was wont to evacuate its burden of vitious Melancholique and Cholerick blood out at those veins which passage being stopt it 's forced to regurgitate upwards to the Lungs the like happens upon the stoppage of Womens courses which if not suddenly look'd to sets them undoubtedly into a Consumption Dropsie or some other dangerous Disease as Hippocrates lib. 2 de Morb. also observes viz. Si virgo ex suppressione mensium in tabem deveniat c. What constitution of the year is most like to engender Consumptions Hip. tells us First for moist Consumptions that survene distillations of sharp putrid fleam a moist and southerly Autum upon a dry and Northern Summer is apt to produce them 3. Aphor. 13. Secondly dry Consumptions generally appear upon a long continuation of hot and dry weather 2. Aphor. 16. per squalores vero tabes c. The season or time of year for Consumptions is the Autum 3. Aphor. Autumno invadunt Febres Hydropes tabes c. CHAP. XXIX Of the Signs of a beginning or growing Consumption THe surest cure for a Pulmonique Consumption is to prevent it in those that are naturally inclined to that evil or have but lately conceived the Seeds of it and are just a budding But because the preventive part is frequently neglected upon hopes of waring it out or by changing the air or for want of knowing the state they are in which to discern in the commencement is difficult even to Physicians themselves who are not seldom mistaken in that point the impending danger where of requires a mature caution I shall delineate such natural and adventitious dispositions as appear suspicious 1. To descend from Phthisical Parents or such as were Pulmonique that is affected with any kind of trouble in their Lungs be it a Cough difficulty of breathing Asthma or a Pulmonique Consumption is a great argument since it 's observed that Consumptions prove so hereditary and that sometimes in a strange manner viz. some deriving their extenuating Diseases from their Grandfather though their immediate Parents did not seem troubled with the least kind of distemper in their Lungs The reason is because those hereditary seeds remained dormant in their Parents and never were reduced in actum which never the less were transfused into their Children in whom they might be raised to growth 2. Brothers or Sisters taking their passage through that Disease to their Graves leave an ill omen to the remainder of their kin 3. Whom nature hath shaped with a great head long neck narrow breast and shoulders sticking out like wings and a lean habit of body seem very much inclined to a Consumption 4. Such as are subject to thin sharp Coughs itching of the Eyes a tickling in their Throat pains of their Sides and do not thrive upon a good dyet are prepared for a Consumption 5. To omit letting blood at certain seasons that the body is accustomed to or to escape bleeding at the Nose or avoiding blood by the Haemorrhoids if usual or for women to be obstructed in their courses argues danger 6. Especially at the fall and in persons aged from Eighteen to Thirty five years 7. To be apt to spit blood oft though it distills from the head or is expressed out of the terminations of veins in the Throat signifies a Phthisical inclination is dangerous because it 's a sign the blood is sharp and thin and may upon a small provocation vent its fury upon the Lung veins 8. And lastly any of the Procatarcktick causes mentioned in the Chapter preceding or the beginning of this Treatise or any other Disease producing a durable leanness and dryness of body with a short dry or moist Cough portends an ill consequence as you may observe out of Hipp. 2. Aph. 3. in all Diseases it's better for the belly to be thick on the contrary when the belly is very thin and very much consumed it 's dangerous CHAP. XXX Of Signs Diagnostick and Prognostick of the several kinds of spitting of Blood SInce spitting of blood haimoptysis doth so frequently forerun Ulcers in the Lungs it 's requisite I should tell you what kind of spitting of blood forespeaks danger of a Consumption Wherefore know that