the lower part of it is in the right side that it may give way to the Colon which is in the left taking up a great room but its lower part in the right side towards the Portanarium or gate is less than in the left side toward the Colon because in the right side the Liver taketh up a greater room than the Colon placed in the left also it s lower part is in the right side lest otherwise the Orifices should bee direct both that the meat might bee the better retained and that the Choler from the gall might the more easily enter into the Duodenum continued to the lower part of it It s substance is nervous by predomination its colour appears its shape is round arched after the manner of a * Or Morescan Mores Goard its quantity is apparent It hath Colligancy with the heart by Arteries with the Liver and Spleen by veins with the Brain by the descendent nerves it is fastned to the Anus by the Intestines and to the mouth by means of the Gula it is fastned to the Zirbus toward the former part it hath two Tunicles the innermost is more sinowy by reason of the appetite and more gross rugged and hard because it meeteth with hard meats it is harder in the upper part and also more sensible it hath an outward Tunicle more subtil enclining a little to the nature of flesh the innermost is some way nourished by the Chilus the outermost is nourished by Venaportae the innermost hath towards its inside long fibers serving for attraction and towards its outside it hath oblique fibers for retention the outermost hath broad fibers for expulsion The bottome of it serveth for the digestive faculty by means of the outermost Pannicle and by means of the heat of those parts which are about it yet it hath a proper hidden vertue of digestion as the Matrix of generating and the Liver of making blood the upper part of it serveth for the appetite by the help of melancholy milking it self into its mouth from the Spleen and for this cause it is often found black The Ventricle hath also a common Tunicle involving it and fastning it to the Back arising from the Peritoneon which is grosser than any other member contained in the lower belly except the Mesentereon in that part wherein it is doubled and it is so in the Ventricle because of the extension that it hath in victuals The body of it is fastned with its upper Orifice to the back to wit between the twelve and thirteenth of the Spondiles of the back which Orifice is properly called the Stomach and there are applied Medicines for the comforting of the appetite and this Orifice is in the very lower part of the Gula or Meri which by penetrating the Diafragma is continued upwards to the extream part of the mouth especially with its innermost pannicle and this Orifice is shuâ— up by the Diafragma lest in the inclination of the body the meat might easily return back it is also fastned to the back by its lower part that is by the Pyluron or otherwise Pyloron or Portanarium in that place where the Duodenum is fastned to the back by the Mesenterion but the rest of it is loose and is easily moved any way this Portanarium is higher than the bottom that contains the food lest the meat might too easily fall downward In number it is one member its complexion by the parts compounding it is cold and dry Its helps are to cause appetite to retain and to concoct the food and to give the gross part to the intestines but the good and digested to other members by means of the Liver It suffereth passions of all sorts and through the great sence of it the heart and brain doe suffer with it Of the Spleen Splen a suppleo dic quia vacuum locum ex contraria parte Jecoris supplet HAving left the Ventricle in its place for the seeing of the Venae portae wee must mind the anatomy of the Spleen or Milt and first you shall see it placed in the left Hypochondrion cleaving to the Ventricle with its little concave part and with its Gibbous part touching the ribs towards the back and sides it is covered with the Peritoneon But you may lift up the Corps as if it sate that you may the better see the situation of it which is under the Diafragma immediately in the Hypochondrion especially in a living body but in a dead body lying along it seemeth to bee under the ribs because its heavinesse doth easily drive the Diafragma to the upper parts for the Lungs are empty and loose easily yeelding you may also break up some of the false ribs that you may the better see the situation of the Spleen you may likewise doe so in the Anatomy of the Liver for the aforesaid cause this manner likewise would bee somewhat convenient in shewing the situation of the Stomach which also in a dead body lying along seemeth through the emptinesse of the Lungs to bee under the bones of the brest with some of its upper part more than it is naturally in a living body It s shape is square somewhat like a half Moon of a loose substance it hath colligancy with the Heart by great arteries which you must mark making thin the gross bloud which being made thin nourisheth the Spleen it is fastned to the Liver by a branch of the Porta to the braine by nerves to the Mesentereon and Omentum by veins and to Siphac by the pannicle covering it to the stomach by many veins some wherof doe nourish the left part of the Ventricle and one doth milk out melancholy unto the mouth thereof its quantity is known its complexion is ordained hot and moyst and is appointed opposite for that which is contained in it in number it is one member it is helpful to the whole body by purging the mass of bloud from the dreggs and for that cause it provoketh laughter sometimes it maketh bloud it stirreth up appetite it helpeth the digestion of the Stomack it suffereth every kind of Disease and there is sometimes in it a special impediment of its course and strong motion and it is held that that part being taken away by a wound Creatures doe sometimes live and there are some that think that through the greatnesse of it laughter hath been quite hindred and that it hath sometimes changed place with the Liver but very strangely Of the Liver HAving seen the aforesaid 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est operari sanguinem parts you must raise up the Corps as it is afore made plain â—hat the Liver may shew its situation which is immediately under the Diafragma in the right Hypochondrion it is great in a man because hee is a hot and moyst Creature it is of a Moon-like shape its concave part is toward the Ventricle but its gibbous part is touching the ribs
Spondile of the Neck and some which say that Hippocrates did understand by the Veins the very Arteries because they are more fit for good Sperm than the Veins nevertheless Hippocrates saith in the same place that Sperm also cometh from the whole and Avicen 20 tertii cap. 3. saith that Galen knew not whether the incision of these Veins may cause barrenness to incurre or no nevertheless he said but it seemeth to mee that it doth not matter that the Sperm should bee of the Brain onely although the nourishing of it be of the Brain nevertheless it is gathered by the good Anatomy of the Spermatick vessels that the incision of these Veins behinde the Ears maketh not barren by reason of the Sperm descending by them nevertheless those Veins being cut may weaken the Brain so that it may not duly send the Animal spirit for conception and this the profound Guidez may rather do than the manifest and the Arteries may rather do this than the Veins because they are the carriers of the Spirit but either is possible But the profound Guidez on both sides neer to the Meri or Gula ascendeth below the aforesaid muscles which you cut and in its ascent sendeth forth branches nourishing the Gula and the muscles of the Faringa they also nourish the muscles remaining between the first and second Spondile of the Neck from which according to some the Spermatick Veins recited of Hippocrates do arise which are behinde the Ears of which there is yet a controversie They also nourish the Pericranium ascending by it from the bottom even unto the top of the Head and there by perforating the Cranium they descend to the Dura and Pia Mater carrying nourishment to them Also from the aforesaid profound Vein doth arise one branch on both sides piercing the bone Basilare in the direct of the commissure Lambda and being born up of the Dura Mater it ascendeth even unto the top of the Head and from that in the same place do go forth many branches through the pores of the Skull which also do nourish the Pericranium nevertheless the greater part of the aforesaid branches ascending within the Skull with the Dura Mater do pass into the Pia Mater with which also do pass some branches of the aforesaid manifest Guidez piercing the Skull on the top of the Head from the outward to the inward part and from hence they pass to the substance of the Brain and nourish that Also some of the aforesaid Branches in the direct of the Commissure Sagittalis and Lambda doe enter into the Dura mater being doubled in that place and this place is as it were a presse of which the bloud is pressed out from the aforesaid Veins into a certain large place being near there towards the outside which is called Platea Fovea Palmentum and Lacuna about which Platea are certain Veins sucking the bloud pressed out into it which out of the same doe nourish the center of the Brain and all those Veins within the skull together with the Arteries are those of which it is rightly called Secundina and otherwise it is called Pia Mater But the aforesaid Arteries called Carotides being in the Neck near to the Veins Guidez and the descendent Nerves ascending on the sides of the Neck on both sides doe reach with some Branches dispersing here and there before and also behind and to the Tongue and to the upper Mandibles and the lower and in the whole face and in the hinder part of the Head and some notable ones about the Ears in the Temples doe reach with their Branches to the top of the Head and some also reaching to the muscles about the common juncture are spread abroad to the Neck and to the Head where there is a great hole from which the spinal Marrow goeth forth it may bee from those branches Hippocrates said that Sperm descendeth from the Brain because the Ancients did call the Arteries also Veins and therefore Avicen said twenty tertii that these Veins were continued to the Nuke that they might not bee farre off from the Brain in which there is light milkey bloud which goeth first to the Reins forthwith after that to the Veins reaching to the Testicles and one notable Branch of these Arteries on both sides pierceth the bone Bafilare toward the former part and is united to the Pia Mater giving life to the Brain and carrying spirit to the Ventricles thereof From that Branch ascended on both sides immediately above this bone Basilare according to the Hinges of Physick is made the Retentirabile which is according to them of a notable magnitude which is before behind and on the sides And the aforesaid Veins nourishing the Brain in their ascent must bee sustained of some solid body as is the Pericranium and Dura Mater because they cannot ascend by themselves for their single and soft coat and the bloud in them is more apt to descend than to ascend because it is heavie But the Arteries are not joyned to any solid body but standing by themselves do ascend too within the Skull because they are double coated and hard And it was not necessary that they should ascend and afterwards turn their heads downward as the Veins because their bloud is light and more apt for ascending than descending Yet you shall better see the branches of those Veins and also of some Arteries in the Anatomy of the Members following The substance of Veins and Arteries hath been spoken of in another place their complexion is judged from the composition of them their shape is known they have Colligancy with the whole body their bigness is also known they are bigger in one body than in another But the situation of many of them is often varied in number they are unperceiveable because many of them are hidden their helps are to feed all the members they also suffer passions of all sorts but there often hapneth to them a streightned opilation caused from the fulness of bloud which if it bee made in the branches of the Veins Guidez there always followeth profundity of sleep the Apoplexie and extream suffocation That Vein Guidez is sometimes flebotomized yet seldome in our Region and Age its incision helpeth the Leprosie not confirmed and in a strong squinancy in a sharp Astma in straightness of breathing in hoarsness of voice caused by super-abounding of blood in an Apostume of the Lungs for evacuation and diversion sake for the antecedent cause in the beginning and augmentation nevertheless this incision of the Veins Guidez is to bee made by a learned hand with a Flebm or Lancet having some Obstacle neer the point lest all the sides of the Vein be opened for these Veins are slippery in the touching of them because they are not annexed to the flesh as many others as well also because of the soft and slippery glandules being under them as also lest the Flebm should prick a Nerve or other members placed there But the manner
descendeth by the inside of the Hipp and when it is neer to the Knee under the Ham it is divided into three branches whereof one is made oblique toward the outside of the Shank and reacheth unto the Little foot and this branch is called Sciatica because being incised it helpeth in the pains of it and the beginning of that branch Mundinus knew not One other of the three aforesaid descendeth unto the Foot by the inside and this is called Saphena but the third branch holdeth the middle between the aforesaid branches all which do nourish the Shank and the Foot but of them speech shall bee made in the Anatomy of the Great foot But observe that there are more Veins than Arteries Witness Galen in his sixteenth Book of the Utility of the parts in the thireenth and fourteenth Chapters and witnesse the sense and it is reason because there are many cold members naturally not wanting eventation for which also a little spirit doth suffice therefore they have not many Arteries and in the hands and in the feet and in the brain and in the superficial part of the neck and in the Cutis of the whole body there are some Veins without Arteries but there is no Artery without a Vein joyned to it some whereof that are chiefly notable are fastned together by a Pannicle risen from the Artery and they are united together that the Veins might bee made firm and fortified by the aforesaid Pannicle and that the Artery might give life to the Vein and that the Vein might give bloud to the Artery in necessities whereof is made vital spirit and the Artery it self is nourished but the small Arteries are not fastned with the Veins by the aforesaid Pannicle although they are companions to one another but they are companions that they may give life to and nourish the members witnesse Galen where it is quoted above And the Veins and Arteries doe goe from the nearer places for the nourishing of their members except the Veins and Artries of the Testicles and Mamillaes which goe unto them from afarre off that the bloud might make long delay in them by which it is the better digested and is more easily turned into good Sperm and into Milk and there are many Arteries and Veins not perceiveable by the sence as those which goe to the bones and to the skin and those which extend unto the extream parts of the members The situation of these Veins and Arteries and also the substance and the quantity and the shape doe appear the number of the branches of them is unperceiveable their colligancy appeareth by that which hath been and is to bee said their helps are to nourish and give life to the whole body they endure passions of all sorts But to them doe happen Diseases compounded of the chief of Opilations which are worser than the opilations of the nostrils and Intestines and like places both because their opilation forbiddeth the members to bee nourished not suffering the bloud to flow unto them as also because they cause the bloud to flow back again unto the Liver which causeth in it opilation or putrifieth or induceth some other ill Diseases also their oppilation is ill because it is often unknown and because Medicines cannot bee well applied unto them as well within the body as without their solutions may bee of an inward cause and of an outward of which there are three kinds one is commonly called Diabrosis which is a corrosion of the vein of Dia which is de of or composition and Brosis or Rosis which is Comestio an eating another kind is called Rexis which is interpreted incisio incision the third is called Anastomosis which is the same that the opening and dilatation of the Veins is every where Diabrosis corrodeth the veins 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rexis cutteth them Anastomosis causeth them to open But to the Emulgent Veins among other Diseases may happen a weaknesse of the attraction of the wonted watery bloud as also in the Reins whereupon they doe either not attract or else weakly and thereby happeneth either a difficulty or a total ablation of the Urine yea there being in the Bladder no Urine in which case rude Physicians doe erre attempting to draw Urine from the Bladder with a Siringe or other handy operation and that is a singular hazard for the most part bringing death which I have often seen and amongst the rest I was with many honoured Physicians in the cure of the magnificent and illustrious Lord Lord Galataeus of the noble Family of the Palavicinians which was suflocated by the waterinesse of Urine gathered together in the Veins throughout and this waterinesse induced to him a Squinancy for which wee applied Ventoses without scarification for diversion sake and the Ventoses were filled with pure water through the pores of the skin but these things by chance I have written for the profit and honour of young men Of the Reins WIth the aforesaid Emulgent Renes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a fluendo qnod per eos Sperma urina fluunt branches are continued two fleshy bodies solid covered with the Peritoneon called Renes or Renones they are two and not one as the Cistis of Choler and the Spleen because the waterinesse is more than the dregs and scum of the bloud for which is required one great place of purging or two small ones and it was not one great Ridney lest it should crush together and presse the Intestines and lest they should make the Back unequal and they were two that if the operation of one should bee hurt that of the other might remain firm and they were solid that they might help much in a little room and lest the Bloud should goe forth with the Urine by some of its Pores and that they might not draw any thing by sucking it but that which is thin and that they might resist the sharpnesse of the Urine they were also solid because a thick body is stronger for attraction Their quantity appeareth their Phaeseolus Plin l. 18. ca. 12. shape may bee seen which is like the grain of the Kidney bean they have colligancy with the Brain by Nerves by means of the Pannicles involving them with the Liver by the aforesaid Veins with the Heart by great Arteries Galen hath noted that the great Arteries in the Kidnies are not only for the cause of nutrition and giving life seeing the Kidnies are little members for which a little Artery did suffice but in them there are great Arteries because they doe also cleanse the Heart from waterinesse and Choler and hee saith moreover many times Aorta draweth from the Stomach and from the Intestines bloud not pure yea Chylus which the Emulgent arteries doe purge out to the Kidnies I my self also in the year 1521. in our exercise at Bononia saw in one publiquely Anatomised one of the Emulgent arteries that made one Pore in the right side without the Kidney which in a
cause In the Orifice of this pulsant Vein which is called Auritium are also the three gates C formia opening and shutting themselves at the same time and in the same manner in which the Arterial vein is opened and shut There is in that Ventricle another Vein not pulsant but quiet called Arteria Venalis and it is called an Artery because it carrieth and recarrieth the Spirit or Ayr to the Heart and from the Heart to the Lungs from whence it is sent without the Breast and it is called a Vein because it hath a single Coat In the Orifice of this are onely two Pellicles or doors fastned after the same manner and incompleat and they are opening and shutting themselves in the dilatation and constriction of the Heart with which they make the doors being in the Orifice of the Vein Chilis also this Arterial vein carrieth more Ayr to the Heart than it can bring out because by the blood and Ayr brought in by it is the vital spirit engendred which by the Artery Aorta passeth to all the parts of a living creature By the aforesaid things the Colligancy of the Heart and the complexion and helps of it appear its quantity may be seen in number it is one although it is reported that the Heart of an Ape had two heads but prodigiously it is also reported that the Partridges in Paphlagonia have two Hearts Every kinde of disease may happen to it but it endureth them not if they continue long Of the Lungs THe Heart being seen cometh the Lungs called in Latine * Flabellum dicitur a flando Sic Ventilabrum a ventilando Flabellum and Ventilabrum and in Greek * Grece etiam 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 suffior sufflatur enim ut follis spiritum trahens emittens Pneumon for this is the Artificer of breathing and the work-shop of Ayr this is nourished by Ayr as the body is with Meat this filleth the hollowness of the Breast round about the Heart with its five Coats or Lobes whereof two are on the left side and three more on the right of them three one is less than the rest cleaving to the Back as it were in the middle which hath little pipes but almost no motion and this is the Mat or Pallet to the Chilis ascending and about that Lobe toward the top of it there is also certain glandulous flesh which also with the aforesaid Lobe is a Pallet or Coverlet of the aforesaid Vein and this flesh is of a notable bigness and is called of Authours Morum and Timum and of the Vulgar it is called Animella and Laticinium and it is in usual meats of a rank taste especially that which is found in Claves and in milk Kids The substance of the Lungs is mixed of thin light soft and red flesh inclining to whiteness like to the coagulated froth of blood and it consists of three vessels or pipes entangled as in a net through all the parts thereof in the same manner that the branches of the Vein Chilis are in the Liver and this composition may be like to a hony comb and also to a Sponge therefore it is capable of blood and Ayr for the Lungs is as it were a certain stoâ—e-house of Ayr to the Heart fit to serve to both motions to wit dilatation and constriction Certainly its flesh is rare that there might be much blood and Ayr continually in it Two vessels in it which contain it do shew the multitude of the blood which are bigger in the Lungs than in any other member like unto it the Heart and Liver excepted in which the vessels containing blood are greater surely not for themselves but because they give Spirit and blood to all the members This blood in the Lungs is much because the abounding plenty of it is dissolved by reason of the continual motion which a great quantity doth continually oppose and it is subtile that it might pass suddenly to all the parts of the Lungs to nourish it and it is also subtile that it might be light lest by its heaviness it should hinder the motion of the Lungs Also the long submersion of a living creature in the water without choaking sheweth that there is alwaies a great quantity of Ayr in it and the sending forth of a long and continual voice and blast hindring from the receiving of new Ayr or when one abhorreth it by reason of stink or other causes yet this Ayr in the aforesaid drownings and stinks is kept in the mouth and in the jaws the Tonsils helping with their Pellicles The help of this Ayr continually drawn is that by that being first altered the Heart might bee cooled and contemperated in necessities and also that the Heart might have vent left it should be choaked The utility of it also is that not out of a little part thereof might be engendred Spirits necessary for the being and wel-being and it is a help of the expulsion of the abounding hot and smoaky matter which is drawn it is for the entring in of the Ayr that is less hot â—eing altered first in the Lungs and then in the members through which it passeth This smoalâ—y air as it were an adusted superfluity of spirit is driven by the pulsant Vein into the branches of the Trachea in the constriction of the Heâ—â—â— and afterwards goeth forth â—â—nce from aliving Creature by the Trachea and by the nostrils and mouth the systolative motion of the Lungs helping it But the air going into the Heart hath the beginning of alteration in the Nostrils in the mouth in the jawes in the Trachea and in the branches of it dispersed in the Lungs in like order which one feeding on meat and drink hath in the mouth in the Gula and in the Ventricle and Liver For the alteration of the Lungs in the air is compared to the alteration of the Liver in Chiâ—us for by the Liver is the Bloud made of Chilus which receiveth a perfect concoction in the Heart but the spirit is prepared by the Lungs of air which is made truly vital in the Heart this going to the upper parts in the Rete mirabili or in the least branches of Arteries about the Brain is again altered from whence entring the Ventricles of the Brain the Animal spirit is maâ—â— perfectly true which is a brigâ—â— light and pure spirit Also the flesh of the Lungs is light lest it should hinder the motion of it it is also soft that it might defend the vessels thereof from breaking and it is reddish clear declining to whiteness because of the dominion of the Air over it with which it is nourished and also because of the coldness thereof A thin Pannicle doth cover this substance of the Lungs being bred of many Membranes proceeding from the Pipes thereof and from the Pannicles of the Brest by means whereof it is sensible The Pipes of the Lungs are three one whereof as also the rest
growing alwayes less descendeth to all the parts of it even unto the Pannicle inclusively envolving it from the Faringa or Epiglottis through the foremost part of the Neck united to the Gula this is hard and alwayes open and also bigger than the rest and it is compounded of very many Cartilagea each whereof is united one near to the other by pannicular ligaments and this is called Trachea and Aspera arteria and Laringa and Bronchium its Cartilages in the Lungs are entire and also annilar but in the Neck they are incompleat and in the manner of a C. From their Magnitude and Figure it is judged in the Hawkings of them whether there bee Ulcers in the extream parts of the Lungs or in the middle or in the neck Between these Cartilages and in all the Trachea within and without there is a Pannicle of a mean substance perfectly circular fastned to the jawes and mouth in which are Vills lengthning and â—â—ortning the Trachea in the motions of the Lungs The helps of this Pannicle is also to defend those Cartilages from the going in of extraneal things it is also a pacifier of the voyce in the going out This Pipe doth not carry bloud as others but only Air also by this alone the unnatural things contained in the brest are purged out having entred into it in the time of the dilatation of the Lungs by the thin Pannicle involving it therefore is there caused an expulsion of Sanies and other unnatural things to the mouth and without the Heart not being troubled This Pipe also possesseth a middle situation among the rest on the right side of it is the quiet Vein but on the left side the Pulsant Vein but the Pulsant Vein toward the former parts without the Heart doth immediately enter into the substance of the Lungs lest by reason of the motion of it because it is subtile it should receive solution but the Vein not pulsant because it is double-coated and strong doth not immediately enter the Lungs but first compassing about the Trachea it also entreth the Lungs reaching toward the hinder parts In this Bowel onely the pulsant Vein hath not without cause changed substance with the not pulsant for the Vein not pulsant called Arterial in other members is single in the Lungs double-coated first lest it should bee broken by the continual motion thereof seconâ—ly that it might also contain subtile blood nourishing the flesh of the Lungs and also the Trachea But the pulsant Vein called the venal Artery is of a single coat nimble in motion that it might obey dilatation and constriction in a short space this bringeth Ayr to the Heart and carrieth it out in it also there is spiritual blood nourishing the Lungs as some would have it but it is rather giving it life its branches are united or joyned together with the branches of the Trachea through which the Lungs giveth Ayr to the Heart but the Heart not being unthankfull giveth life and nutrition unto that The branches of this Vein are so narrow that the blood cannot pierce through them to the Trachea and therefore they are passable to the Ayr but impassable to the blood but if they be notably opened the blood floweth from them to the Trachea and perhaps as some would have it from the branche â—f the Vein not pulsant blood also floweth into the Trachea whereby is caused spitting of blood without the solution of the Veins of the Breast nevertheless the pulsant Vein is more apt to this Every one of the aforesaid vessels in their first entrance of the Lungs is divided into five branches always growing less throughout all the parts thereof and multiplying their branches two are in the left side and three on the right whereof one less than the rest goeth to the little Lobe on the right side cleaving more to the Back which as wee said before is a Coverlet to the Chilis ascending The shape of the Lungs is like unto an Oxes hoof in number some think that they are two members united into one in such wise that it appeareth one Lung with five Lobes divided into two like parts that one being hurt the other might remain firm in the hinder part it is longer than before following the situation of the Midriff in number it is one the quantity of it the situation and colligancy appear its complexion is hot from the part of its contents and place but by accident because of the Flegms remaining iâ— it it is cold its helps are to serve the Heart by preparation and carrying it serveth also to the breathing and to the voice and in like manner to speech and its little Lobe serveth to the Chilis ascending it suffereth passions of all sorts Of the Anatomy of some parts of Collum ex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 membrum â— secundum eminentiam quia capitis basis aut fulcrum alii a colle quia ascendit ab humeris collis more the Neck and of the pulsant and quiet Veins inclusively ascending from the Liver and the Heart even unto the Head and Hands THe aforesaid things being seen in the Section of parts the Trachea should first occurre and the Epiglottis and also the Gula nevertheless these for the present cannot well be seen unless the Anatomy of the Neck and some parts of the Face be set before which being seen wee will speak of the parts aforesaid the Lungs therefore being dispatched reserve some of the upper fleshy part of it for the seeing of the Trunck of the Trachea Arteria laying aside the rest except the fifth Lobe of it which cleaveth to the Back keep also a certain glandule neer unto it which is called morum and timum that the situation of the Chilis and the ascendent Artery upon these may be seen to which these two members are a coverlet you shall also keep the Heart and its Capsula and the Pannicle Mediastinus and the Stomach and also the Midriff for the enquiring of other things of them Those things being kept for better orders sake I come first unto the speech of the Neck and I term the Neck to be an Organical member noble and very necessary to a man for the members contained in it which witness Aristotle 3 de partibus Cap. 3. is made for the Trachea serving to the Lungs and for the Gula But Galen in his eighth book de juvamentis Cap. 1. saith that it is principally for the Lungs because creatures wanting a Neck want Lungs as Fishes but he addeth that the Neck is the way of those members which descend from above downward of â—hem which ascend from below upward those which descend are the Nerves the Gula some muscles and the Nuca but the ascending are the pulsant Veins and the quiet and the Nuca is contained of the Spondiles that it may bee safe from outward hurts and that hollowness which is between the parts of the Veins and Arteries is filled by glandules remaining
the Hamme is divided into two Forks one branch of which goeth by the inner part of the Foot or Shank even unto the little Foot which is called Saphena But another Branch goeth by the outer part of the Foot which is called Scia and those branches as well inward as outward are seen in the Figures on the sides which are flebotomised about the anckles or about the toes of the Feet The Veins of the Foot being seen the Muscles are to be removed wholly from the bones as also it is done in the Section of the Hand for the same cause noting that glandulous flesh about the Inguen which is the emunctory of the Liver about which doth pass one aforesaid branch of the Vein Chilis descending from which the Saphena and the Sciatica Vein are made and in that flesh the matters over-flowing to the Liver are drunk in as we have said in another place The Muscles being removed the Bones of the Foot doe remain of which that which doth first occur from the upper parts is called Os Anchae which Bone is on either side one these two Bones are in the hinder part most firmly united to the Os Sacrum or to the bones Alhovius but in the Pecten they joyn themselves togeter and these two Bones as well before as behind are by Gods appointment opened in Births and these Bones are more crooked and large in a Woman than in a Man for the Birth and these Bones have four names before they are called Ossa Pectinis Penis Pubis and Femoris and on the hinder part they are called Ossa Anchae and on the top and before they are called Ossa Ilii and Alharthapha and below in the place in which there is a hollowness it is called Pixis into which doth enter the head of the Os Coxae which is round on the top called Vertebrum they are called Ossa Sciae and Acceptabulum To those two Bones Ancharum in the hinder parâ— doe adhere the Buttocks called Nates à nitendo of being neat and comly and Sessus à sedendo of sitting in those parts the flesh is thicker than in other members lest pressing upon it the soft of the body should bee pressed with Bones and those parts according to some have Colligancy with the whole therefore they say that Ventoses and Horse-leeches applied there are instead of flebotomy and they are dull of sense because they are little Nervous and among otheâ— helps they doe perform rest to the body by sitting they doe also defend the Anus from cold and they are for comliness by hiding the place of excrements After that Bone or Bones of Ancha doth follow the Os Coxae being a long concave within and convex without and more gross than any other Bone of the body hollow that it might be light in which there is marrow as also in other great Bones and the juncture between that Bone and the Os Ancha is called Scia that Bone hath two Additaments above and two below but those above are greater one whereof doth enter into the aforesaid Pixis of the Os Anchae in the center of which besides other Ligaments it is most firmly united with one ligament Chordy round and hard lest it should bee easily dislocated And their lower additaments are joyned with the two Pociles of the Shank in the former part of which there is a smooth round bone called Rotula and all these bones are fastned together very firmly by Ligaments and this Juncture is called Genu the Knee whose hinder part is called Poples the Ham. From the Knce to the little Foot is the Legge whose former part is called Crea and the hinder part Sura in that part are the two aforesaid Bones which are called Focilia Arundines Colla Tibiae and Cannae those two Fociles doe differ in quantity for the bone placed in the inner part is longer and more gross than that which is placed in the further and the lesser is not joyned with the bone of the Hip but cleaveth to the great Focile below the Knee that it might strengthen it and that it might keep it straight Those two Focilâ—s toward the bottom are terminated to one Bone of the little Foot which is gross enough named of Avicen Os Cahab at the sides whereof the two aforesaid Fociles doe make that eminence on either side which are called Cavillae the Ankles and of all these is ordained the greater of the junctures of the little Foot The Foot also hath a concavity below and a convex part above which is called Mons and Altum pedis and the whole Foot is compounded of many bones whereof that which first occurreth is the aforesaid Os Cahab under which is Os Calcanei the Heel-bone which as one stands is declining toward the bottom before the Os Cahab is one Bone called Naviculare after that four Bones of the Raseta to which toward the out-side is united one Bone of the Sisaminum after that five Bones of the Pecten of the Foot then are fourteen bones of the Toes in the middle juncture of the great Toe are seen also two Bones Sisamia or Sisamina so called because they are like to the graines of Sisamum And the Chords extending the Toes begin in the Shin and those contracting them are in the sole of the Foot which Chords with their Muscles cannot well be seen but in bodies consumed in the water or dried in the Sun In the extremity of the bones of the Toes are also the Nayls the helps of whom are those which are in the Hands this excepted that they are not for the taking up of small matters From the things done before is to be seen the substance of the Feet in which also are Cartilages Albaguahic and Arteries as in the hands their situation shape quantity Colligancy and number appear their complexion is such as is the complexion of Organical members their helps are to change the place and to carry the upper parts to the will of the Soul as far as they can they suffer passions of all sorts the Figures of the Muscles and of the Bones doe follow The first Figure of Muscles THis is a Figure which resembleth a Man flead from the skin in which are seen the shapes of the outward Muscles of the former part of a man by which Physicians are helped in knowing the Heads and also the middle parts of the Muscles that thereby they might the better know to Prognosticate of Wounds Ulcers and Apostumes and that also they might know to make the incision of Ulcers and of Wounds and other Chiturgical operations without the hurt of the Chords which are the heads of the aforesaid Muscles place these .4 figures betweene 372. and. 373 pages 1 2 3 4 The second Figure of Muscles IN this Figuâ—â— are seen the outward Muscles on the sides of a mans body from which Physicians are made cautious in Prognosticating Aposturnes Ulcers and Wounds and in Incision and in other Chirurgical operations The third Figure of Muscles THis is a Figure in which are seen all the Muscles behind placed immediately under the skin which doth perform the aforesaid helps to Physicians and those Figures doe also help Painters in the drawing of members The first Figure of Bones IN this Figure are seen the forms and situations and also the true number of all the Bones of a mans body except the bones of the head and also the bones of the back all the junctures of which cannot bee seen unless in bodies boyled or dried in Church-yards The second Figure of Bones IN this Figure are seen the bones of the hinder part of a man there are also seen two Skuls in the right of which is seen the Coronal Commissure which is in the upper part the Sagittalis is seen which is in the middle the Commissure of Lauda is also seen which is in the lower part on the sides there are also seen the two Commissures named of me above in the Anatomy of the Craneum which are above the Commissures Squamosas being neer the Ears but they are almost not to bee perceived on the left side is another Skull in which are seen the Mandibles and part of the Coronal Commissure and two Commissures below the Sagittalis being on one side and there is seen one bone of the two Ossa Paris which is from the region of the Eye or from the Bone called Domum Faciei reachâ—ng â—â—ace these 2. figures betweene pages .374 and .375 through the breadth of the â—ead toward the Ear. The third Figure of Bones YOu have in this Figure the number shape and situation of the Bones of the Hand and â—oot in the Hand are the extreâ—ities of the two Fociles of the Arm and eight Bones of the Raâ—etta and four of the Pecten and fifteen of the Fingers In the Foot you have the Os â—alcanei and the Os Cahab and â—s Naviculare and four bones â—f the Rasetta and five Bones of â—he Pecten and fourteen Bones of â—he Toes These are those things which â—or the present wee have given to â—ur Scholars for common Anaâ—omy for the end whereof let â—im be praised which is three and â—ne whom I most humbly enâ—reat that hee may direct mee to â—reater matters Amen And hee which is not content â—ith these let him have recourse to our most wholsome Commeâ—taries upon Mundinus Fare yâ— well in the Lord yee which gâ—ther the Flowers of our Art aftâ— the manner of Bees for wee dâ— reject the outragious Reader tâ— rest wee entreat and reverence once more farewell FINIS