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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20902	The Sclopotarie of Iosephus Quercetanus, phisition. Or His booke containing the cure of wounds receiued by shot of gunne or such like engines of warre. Whereunto is added his spagericke antidotary of medicines against the aforesayd woundes. Published into English by Iohn Hester, practitioner in the said spagiricall arte; Sclopterius	Du Chesne, Joseph, ca. 1544-1609.; Du Chesne, Joseph, ca. 1544-1609. Antidotarium spagiricum. aut; Hester, John, d. 1593.	1590 (1590)	STC 7277; ESTC S116126	87,513	114

haue learned both of excellent Phisitions and chyrurgions partly when I trauelled in sundry dominions of Europe and partly by the familiar companie which I had with most skilfull Phisitions abroad in the campes And first I will set downe my opinion concerning the essence and nature of such woundes the which question by the consent of all that haue written thereof is the mincipallest Batallus Iubertus and Paraeus haue deliuered to vs that the hurts by gunshot are accompained with two inconueniences that is they consist of solution of continuitie and brusing with rending oftentimes of the muscles vessels and flesh to the which manie accidentes d●o come the which be●ng diuers must needs haue diuers intentions of curation These are the two sortes of inconueniences of the which by disputation they haue agreed on woundes by gunshot to consist and therefore they haue set downe two kindes of remedies one wherewith the partes so torne and wanne are holpen that is the flesh sinewes lygamentes tendons ioyntes and bones and that by meanes of the bruse the which may come to passe without anie manifest wound at all and of the Erccians is called Ecchymoosis yet not without daunger but oftentimes subiect to great accidentes and manie times hath great effusion of bloud betweene the muscles which when it is shed out of the vaines presently putrifieth also great aches which are accompanied with great fiuxe of humours diuers swellinges inflamations and at the last Gangrena and mortification of the part affected The other sort which comes with a manifest wound is more daily seene and the deeper and greater it is so much it is thought the more dangerous because the shot whether of lead or brasse the more vehementer it goeth in so much the more it bruseth the parts in which it entreth by the which cause the bloud is congealed which falleth in the hollownes of the wounde and filleth the orofice of the veines and hollownes of the other partes then being destitute of his natur all heate the which being quenched and mortified by the resolution of the spirits by reasō of the paine tearing of so many parts it goeth againe to the spring heade that is to the heart by reason of the feare which is takē with the deadly hurt it becomes of a wannish leady colour like to that which the common sort calleth Asure the which is easily rotted and easily doth rot the parts adioyning and especially the Spermatical the which according to the opinion of our auncesters is easily turned to quitture and that the easier and speedier this fleshe being brused and dead may be separated from the quicke and liuely flesh the Chyrurgions doe commonly vse remedia suppu●a●tia mollientia the vse of which alth●ugh it bee 〈◊〉 vsed in common bruses yet in these hurts it may not be followed without graue waightie considerations and especially without consideration had of the body time and part for in so much as these woundes doe easily admit great store of putrifaction so that manie times wormes are ingendred with intollerable putrifaction it is not to be doubted but that by the vse of suche medicines which by nature moue putrifaction the griefe is increased and augmented through euil vapors wherewith the principall partes that is to say the heart the braine and liuer are molested whereof come crampes and phrensies with continuall feuers and so commonly death followeth But this happeneth for the moste parte in bodies filled with euill iuice whose flesh when it is agreeued through putrifaction of the bloud it is no maruell if the wound be verie dangerous and verie hard or not at all to be cured In this case the disposition of the aire and heauens is to bee considered and also the qualitie and state of the member hurted Who also doubteth but that through the entrāce of the South winde into the hollownesse of these wounds whereby naturall heate is weakened there is great occasion to increase the putrifaction and generation of wormes which is seen by dayly experience that I may ouerpasse the authoritie of Hipocrates lib. Apho. 3. and in his booke de Epid. which also he signifieth in another place where he teacheth that drith is more healthier then moisture and so all corruption to come of ouermuch moysture as it were of his proper matter And to this purpose also it shall greatly auaile vs to haue a perfect knowledge of the temperamentes of partes for wounds in the head bottome of the stomacke and other moyst partes and therefore more apt to putrifaction although they be bruised doe require of vs the vse of suppurantia but yet not without great iudgement and heede taking for because in this case great hurt doth often come through the vnskilfulnesse and rashnesse of the Phisition neyther at anie time shall the Phisition be excused although he see the wound verie muche stinking which is alwaies an euill signe or berayed with stincking matter and wormes which may come to passe in one day by reasons afore alledged yet I say he may not vse medicines called commonly Digestiues although he reason that it is a brused wound therefore must come to suppuration because these incommodities drawing on we must presently haue recourse to such medicines as resist putrifaction that the moste dangerous accidentes may be preuented which are threatned by that which is said before that is to say Gangrena Sphacelus and mortification of the whole members Such medicines are the salts both mettaline and meane minerall drawne out especially of copper iron mercurie vitriol sulphur arsnick and orpiment as we shall declare in such place where we shall intreate of curation for these saltes hauing the office of an exterior Baulme doo by their heate and subtlenesse cut and make thinne thicke humours which doo choake naturall heate and doo by their saltnesse and sharpnesse withstand putrifaction they doe defend the wound from Gangrena and mortification and doo prepare the way being mixed with meet medicines as hereafter shall be declared to an easie and short curing and that without paine Farre better medicines surely then simple precipitate commonly prepared or Egiptiacum that specially which hath arsnicke and sublymate in it or such like whose common and dayly vse I can scarslie allowe by reason of the great paine which they bring to the patient of whome we ought to haue a great and speciall regard the which incommodities may easily be auoyded by a true and apt spagiricall preparation which will be a great solace and comforte to the sound patient Hitherto concerning the first remedies which are appointed to the first intention that is to the restoring of members brused torne in which ●ase it ●ehoueth to be a wise warie phisition in altering the medicines and applie them as occasion do serue to sundrie affections and sodaine mutations that so it be foreseene in all the whole sickenesse as Galen also hath taught The second kinde of medicines which serue to a more

for such keepe in and driue backe and not draw out the fire and doth driue it more into the parts and increase the griefe and especially vineger which they commonly vse for with his astringent vertue it stoppeth the pores and keepeth backe the fiuxe of blood as Aetius writeth For rather brine or salt-water dooth presently draw on the burning and fire of such wounds and doo aswage the great paine and keepe backe blisters if the burned part be presently couered with a fine cloth wette in salt water But Oribasius and Paulus haue thought good that burnings were to bee cured with clensing medicines and therefore they haue commended terram Chiam Cimoliam and Creticam and all other light earth being tempered with vineger being not sharpe The late writers commend an vnguent made of lime seuen times washed and tempered with oile of Roses and applied to the griefe Other haue recourse to Walwort boiled in wine and made as a Cataplasine and to all such medicines which by heate may draw out the burning from the slesh and by this reason the fire it selfe if the part burned bee holden thereunto becomes aremedie to cure his owne hurts for in opening the pores it draweth out hte fire and ceaseth paine but wehaue oftentimes to our great profite vsed these medicines following Anvnguent for common souldiers to quench the burning and keepe backe blisters Take oile of elders and of nuts ana ℥ ii oile of egges ℥ ss harts tallow and marrow of a bull ana ℥ i. two Onions rosted a little Waxe make of these an vnguent and lay it to the part affected Another for the same of great vertue Take of oile of lard and oile of butter ana ℥ ss the iuice of the berries and leaues of Iuie ℥ ii the iuice of the middle rinde of Elders ℥ i. oyle of elders ℥ iiii salt peter zii boile them altogither till the water be consumed and with a little waxe make thereof alinament which is of great force to take away burnings Also this water following is most excellent for the same purpose A water against burning Take of the fieame of vitriol and allome ana lb. ss the flowers of tapsus barbatus leaues of blacke Iuie ana m. i. s●afles frogges and crafishes ana numerox distil them in a leaden limbeck with somewhat a strong fice and wash the burned place with this water fiue or sixe times a day Likewise the water of sperma ranarum mixed with the fieame of vitrioll is very good but there cannot be found a more excellent remedy to quench the burning heate of pouder thē this lynament following for it putteth away all inflamations and al●wageth p●ine and the rich may vse it An excellent lynament Take salis saturni saccharini ℥ i. oyle of yolkes of egges ℥ ii butt●r prepared ℥ iiii mixe them and make alynament wherewith annoint the bin ned place thrise or foure times a day and lay this defensiue following to the parts about it to withstand the fluxe of homors and inflamation Nutritum Magistrale Take of the iuice of henbane housleeke and water lilies of ech ℥ ii water of the sperm of frogges and flowers of Mullein ana ℥ i. Wharge or his salt which is better ℥ ii o●se of visci pomorum and Ros●omphac ana ℥ ii ss vineger of Roses ℥ i. tēper them long in a leaden morter with a pestill of the same and make it in forme of Nutriti and vse it for a defensiue These are the locall medicines which are necessary for such burned woundes but in so much as these inconueniences are wont to happen to bodies being sicke and filled with euill iuice and weake of strength which are subiect to all mishaps as to great paine and inflamation whereof feuers may grow and so death follow For so old patched and rotten shippes doo soonest giue vp in a tempest In which case wee must haue a care that a good order of diet bee kept and also if neede require purgation and blood-setting all which things are to be committed to the iudgement of the skilfull and wise Phisition who may prudently presage what will be the ende of the griefe not to neglect that which is great neither to make that great which is little least it should seeme that he hath done more then neede and this thing according to Celsus minde must alwayes be looked to least that griefe which is of it selfe being small be made great by the neglig●nce of the Phisition CHAP. 1. A perticular curation of these wounds and also of the accidents happening thereunto Of vvounds vvith fracture of the bones THe curation of such wounds is commonly iudged more difficult if so bee it bee ioyned with fracture of the bones and that not without great cause especially if the greater bone as of the leggs and armes bee so broken that the marrowe goeth out which cannot be without great perishing of the sinewes vaines Arteries the which bring life feeling and mouing to euery part and that being kept back the member must needs perish commonly death ensueth Whereunto the Phisition or Chyrurgion ought so much the more to looke by how much the more the number greatnes of accidents shall increase that he may let nothing passe which doth pertain to the perfite ●uratio therof And it is better to attempt that with excellēt medicines thē by vtter desparation by a heauy sorrowfull meanes ●o cut off the member and especially in the beginning when as yet Sphacelus is not growen and that I haue not spoken this without a cause the workes and myracles of nature may teach vs the which she oftentimes brings to passe being furthered with meete medicines and deceiueth the iudgement yea of the learned the which with these eyes I haue oftentimes seene to haue happened in the tentes at this last warres and among all the rest a certaine noble man named Brosseus whose arme was so torne by a great shot that it missed but litle of breaking of y ● head which is fastened on the bones named Omoplat which was the onely cause why the Chyrurgions did not cut it off but they meant shortly to doo it for feare of Sphacelus but it fell out that the pacient recouered whom they iudged past helpe in that the wound was accompanied with such euill and sundry accidents yea and his arme saued that he is able to doe any thing with it I haue thought it good to set out this ensample to the younger Chyrurgions that thereby they may indeuour themselues by all meanes rather to preserue the hurted member then to beginne their curation by taking it off which ought not to be done before it is plainly perceiued the member to be come to mortification and then let it be done by due warning and prediction some wil obiect that in the beginning the strength of the pa●ient to be of more force also to s●●●er better the taking off the which by the greatnesse of the griefe dacayeth

then hath a doublet made of a beastes skinne or such other kinde of apparell the which with the verie shirt oftentimes wee haue seene by shot burned neyther then is it to be doubted but that the aire beeing on fire following and driuing the pellet into the wounded person but thereby the flesh may also be burned But what will they say then when the gunne is discharged euen close at the part●es bodie and the wound happeneth in an vncloathed and naked place doth euerie souldier weare gauntlets and helmets yea oftentimes it happeneth the gunne to be discharged at the verie face necke handes and open mouth as they which are dayly conuersant in the warres can beare me witnesse farre better then those which dispute of the matter in their closets and according to the prouerb without hazard of gunshot Surely I denie not but when one is wounded so nigh the Ordinance but that the wound may be burned and blasted in which case they are greatly deceaued which thinke that such woundes are alwaies without blasting and doe iudge the heate to come onely of the pellet and therby do make rules so general that they may haue many exceptions which easily may be gathered by that which we before haue spoken intreating of the venome and blasting happening to these woundes Thus much haue I thought it good to declare vnto you concerning the nature essence of wounds by shot and of the sundrie accidentes which may happen thereunto the which for the most part are woont to be solution of continuitie with brusing and rending of the partes which requireth two intentions curatiue that is consolidation and restoring of the brused and torne partes but if it be accompanied with burning as it may be then must we repaire to the third intention that is to the extinguishing of the fire and drawing out of the heate yea and last of all to the fourth that is to some wholesome remedie named of the Greekes Alexipharmacon as often as we shall thinke that there is some venom in the wound hauing speciall regard to the moste dangerous discommodities and to finde out so manie curatiue and conseruatiue and preseruatiue intentions as sundrie woundes ioyned with sundrie accidentes shall require CHAP. II. Of the differences tokens and sundrie signes of woundes by Gunshot THose which more heedily consider those partes which by shot are wounded and doe wisely weye their office necessarie substance situation sence and figure and likewise the essence or maner of the hurt and the proper differences thereof may presently see and iudge as well by reason as experience what and howe manie intentions are necessarie to the curation therof and so may prouide indications much able to sundrie accidentes and present griefes and thereby to preuent things which are as yet to come as Galen teacheth lib. Met. 4. 7. To which purpose it greatly auayleth a perfect knowledge of proper differences and a consideration of the greatnesse or smalenesse deepenesse or hollownesse of the wound the which differences are taken as of the cause efficient of the manifold figures substances shapes and kinde of mettall of the shot for some of them are long some plaine some great some litle some verie slender which causeth that the wound is of sundrie sortes some strike awaie the member other pearce through tearing and rending the sinewy parts and bursting the bones or sometime by onely brusing and not pearcing the flesh according to the sundrie ●nd vnlike kinde of shot or to the nighnesse or farre distance thereof or according to the state of the bodie being hurted that is eyther naked or couered yea sometimes so safe it is defended with so sure a corslet and as we may say so tēpered that it cannot be pearred neyther the bodie by anie meanes be wounded And if it bee wounded it is verie little and without danger in that the violence of the shot is weakened by the hardnesse and strongnesse of the armour and especiallie being the shot of no great ordinance but of some small peece and all these differences without doubt may be referred to one kinde that is to the solution of continuitie which sometime is seene and somtimes is hidden that is manifest which is perceiued by handling and sight and when a plaine wound appeareth with wannesse of the fleshe as it were an Escare ioyned with great dolor and specially when the sinewes are hurt which doth plainly shew vnto vs beside the signes of a wound which doth not a litle auaile to this purpose that the same is made by gunshot A hidden or secret wound is without anie manifest breaking of the skinne which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is knowen by shedding of the bloud betweene the flesh and the skinne and doe stayne the hurted part with a violet and wannie colour These are the common signes of such woundes wherein a consideration is had of onely brusing and solution of continuitie but insomuch as we haue taught in the former chapter that such woundes may sometimes be accompanied with venom and blastin● contrarie to the opinion of some it behoueth the Chirurgion to imploy all his studie and labour in this case to iudge and discerne euerie affection by the tokens and signes proper thereunto because such affections as we said before be often ioyned to such woundes and let him seeke out a proper remedie for ech of them and diligently consider which of them is most dangerous for that as Galen teacheth is not onely first but also chiefest to be cured that insomuch as sometimes wee are compelled by reason thereof not onely to let passe the other accidentes but also to make new that thereby we may remedie that which is most dangerous And this is the very cause why the knowledge of these wounds poisoned by shot are so necessarie as in the Chapter before we haue taught least that the sodaine death which many times comes thereby be imputed to the corruption of the aire and other first qualities when commonly the fault lieth in the wilfulnesse and vnskilfulnesse of the Phisition perswading themselues that these wounds by no meanes may be venemous therby they refuse the true kinde of healing And some no doubt will attribute it to the aboundance of blood and to the euill iuice of the bodies called by y e Greeks Cachochimia the which two verily I doe acknowledge with Galen confesse haue great force in hindering of al wounds and the chiefest causes of euill accidences notw estanding if the signes which signifieth venom hath in thē any thing cōmon with these y t happen to gunshot where only cōtusion is ioyned yet may they easily be discerned whether they be great or litle or waightie fearefull accidents and extraordinarie which oftentimes come to passe Therefore if the flesh be more wanner then it is wont to be in common wounds by shotte and as it were deade with an euill colour of all the whole member with intolorable and

Egshels ʒ i. the sirope of drie Roses and of mirtils of ech ℥ i. and with the water of the flowers of red popie make thereof a potion and minister it three houres before meate the which may be barly broth boyled with Rosewater and popie seede if it ●e toward bed Aboue all there cannot be found a worthier remedie both to stop bloud and case all paines and suppresse fluxes of humours then Laudanum Opiaticum if you minister a pill thereof as bigge as a Pepper come the vse wherof especially in these kind of wounds cannot to highly be commended that I haue more plenteously intreated of in my answer to y ● treatise of Aubertus vindonis do ortu causis Metal After these thinges being first done then apply medicins which quickly may suppurate and being come to maturation let it be mundified with exiccation that naturall fleshe may growe that is it be neither ouer hard or soft or proud and the scales of the bones if there be anie may come out from the sound bone Moreouer we hasten the suppuration of these wounds least the venome closed within and filthy saines doe some greater hurt for being throughly ripened feuers paines and almost al other passions will decay For this intention the common sorte are woont to vse at the second dressing digestiues as they tearme them made of the yeolke of an egge oyle of Roses and Turpentine which as I may say the trueth I cannot allow in that they soone putrifie and cause the wound to smell whiche thing is alwaies ill Others vse hydreleon warmed with butter and other thinges which haue nature to suppurate and some boyle the flower of wheate with a litle safron some againe there be which greatly commend Tetrapharmacon made of pitche rosin waxe and suit and Cor. Celsus esteemeth this aboue all others Also Macedonioum is made with the forenamed simples and frankencense and much commended of some Other greatly allowe Basilicon for it is a great suppuratiue and also readie at the Pothicaries and some commend Dialthea which they call Resumtiuum Others Emplas dia Chilo simplex and de mucilaginibus which they temper with oyle of lylies And with all these and other like medicines they out of hand doe suppur at the bruised flesh following the preceptes of H●ppoc For he writeth that it is expedient that the brused flesh be supurated and by such meanes is the wound lesse subiect to impostumation and anguish and this is the iudgement of Hippoerates and all other antient Phisitions and I my selfe cannot but highly commend the vse of the supuratiues for they doe defend the nature and strength of naturall heate and do temperate the rage of rotten humours and verie quickly doe bring the corrupted bloud to matter and thereby doe bring the wound in a farre better estate But yet this one thing must be taken heede to that the vnorderly vse of them cause not the wound to rot which is remedied by putting to euerie ounce of the suppuratiue one dram of precipitate prepared after our order yea and more to if the wound shall smell and so shall the medicine pearce farther and worke his effe●t without danger and by this onely meanes you shall haue white matter and the affected member shalbe saf● from Ga●grena and putrifaction whereunto in the●e kinde of woundes they are much subiect and this haue I oftentimes proued by sure experience Neyther haue I thought it amisse in the behalfe of the vnpractised chyrurgions to set downe some ensamples for this intention I would therefore that the tents Plegetes and whatsoeuer is put in the hollownesse of the wound be dipped in this oyntment following which is easie to be made Take vnguents Basilici maioris discrip Mesnae ℥ ii fresh butter ℥ i. Precipitate prepared after our manner ℥ ii ss mingle them and annoint therewith the tents and plegets Another Take new Waxe Rosme ship Pitch of ech ℥ iiii Goates sue● marrow of calues leggs of ech ℥ ii aesypi humidae ℥ i. oile of Oliue or of Linseed or of Visci pomorum one pound melt them straine them and make thereof an ointment An addition Take of that ointment ℥ ii of our Precipitate ʒ ii mixe them and so shalt thou haue a most excellent remedie which being vsed in emplasters without Precipitate is to bee annointed and put into the wound Or else thus Take venice turpentine and white hony of ech halfe a pounde the yelkes of twelue eggs and mixe them very well and boile them to the thicknesse of a pultise This ointment which the Paracelsians call Galcinatum magnum you may safely vse in sreede of a digestiue for being so prepared it resisteth putrifaction and is very good to bring such wounds to suppuration But in so much as it is the office of naturall heate to maturate and not of medicines we must therefore by all meanes possible increase such heate as is likest thereunto which is to be increased and nourished by wraping the member in bombase lana succida and linnen clothes or else with some Cataplasme by all which meanes as Celsus writeth daungerous wounds are cured and such things must be dipped in Hydraelion made of oyle of Ros●s and Rose-water wherunto you may put a little vineger but not too much in that it hindereth suppuration or else vse this fomentation following which I my selfe do often vse A fomentation to mollifie and ease paine Take of the leaues of Visci pomorū smal shred with the berries m. iii. the rootes and leaues of Holihock Mallowes Violet leaues ana m ii of Fenigreke Linseed ana ℥ ii the flowers of Camomell and melli●ote ana p ii seeth them in milke This medicine neuer failed me for it driueth away inflamation greatly easeth paine and strenthning the substance of the member it very quickly moueth good matter and of the foresaide substance pounded and driuen through a seeue is made a cataplasme by putting thereunto the meale of Lineseed Fenugreke ana ℥ ii Oesep● humidae and marrow of cal●●es ●eete ana ℥ i. ss the yelkes of foure eggs of saffrō sixe graines oile of Viscipomorum and rosarum as much as sufficeth let it be applied to the wound and parts nigh vnto it but round about it somewhat farther off let this ointment following be vsed to withstand the flux of humors An excellent defensiue Take the powder of red Roses and of Myrtils of ech ʒ i. bole Armeny terrasigillata of ech ʒ vi the iuice of Plantine and Dwa● of ech ℥ i. vinegar of Roses ℥ ii oile of Roses Omphacine and of Myrtils ana ℥ ii ss Waxe ℥ ii make thereof a defensatiue And such medicines so long you must vse as we saide before dressing it twise a day vntill the wound come to good matter and then must you vse clensing medicines wherwith you may always mix our Precipitate in greater dose which brauely clenseth woūds from matter and also resisteth corruption An excellent mundificatiue easie to