Parts For what has the long or shorter Nose full or narrow Eyes thin or â—more fleshy Ears c. which may accidentally be lost quite cut off or mutilated without the loss or diminution to the Understanding in the least to do in this Case I might once for all Answer to this Question with the constant Doctrine for near Two Thousand Years of the Great Hippocrates Galen Famous Physicians Peripatetics the whole Turba Philosophorum of old building their Hypotheses's on the various Temperaments and Humors arising from the natural Actions and Passions of Prime and First Qualities and their Effects according as they happen to be equally mixt or predominate in the Body more eminently visible in the Countenance Upper Regions and inner Man of the Head So as He in whom those Perfections are found ad Pondus as they speak which is Proportion Arithmetical or what is nearest to it ad Iustitiam which is the Geometrical where neither Cold nor Moist Hot nor Dry domineer but amicably meet in equal Poise and Measure or at least in Temperament suitable to the several Functions that blessed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 must needs render the happy Person as Beautiful in Mind as in Body For every Part being furnish'd with so just and benign a mixture of Heat and Moisture perfectly contemper'd giving motion and spritefulness to the Blood a due and just proportion of the whole must of necessity accompany it with Vivacity in the Eyes Colour in the Cheeks and Lips a decent Elevation of the Nose and more prominent Parts a smooth and serene Forehead chearful composure of the Mouth a tender plumpness of the Visage c. in short where nothing is in excess nothing deficient in the outward Structure there will be found a natural Affability Generosity Courage with Discretion quickness of Apprehension great Ingenuity and Invention Eloquence in the Tongue a facetious Easiness in Conversation with aptness to the softer Passions of Love and Friendship and a sincere Candor in all his Actions On the contrary where any of these vulgarly nam'd Humors jar and happen to disagree 1. Met. and as in the Poets Chaos Frigida pugnabant calidis humentia siccis Mollia cum duris are at Variance with one another notice will soon be given of it by the contrary Effects as to speak with the Peripatetics where Choler Heat and Driness domineer over the Cold and Moist c. the Parts are apt to be distended and thrust out as more conspicuously in the Nose Forehead Chin and other eminences of the Face as Subterranean Fires and Eruptions raise Pics and inequalities on the Surface of the Earth And such are commonly Slender Lean and Tall their Heads and Faces oval their Veins large c. naturally Iracund Ambitious Contumacious Conceited Prompt Vigilant Subtile Curious Impatient little Constant and sometimes Petulant unless corrected with some Quality attempering the Bilious Heat with a due Moisture which makes a wonderful alteration turns Ambition to a Generous Courage and Magnanimity of Mind Resolution to a steady Prudence Reservedness to Deliberation in Affairs with Temperance Modesty and all other Heroic Virtues And as here these Characters in the Face are remarkably stronger and higher so where we find them notoriously contracted and shrunk for Instance the Nose less vaulted bending in shorter c. the Eyes narrow the Skins corrugated Cold and Dry are in excess and they betray it in the sadness of the Countenance by a Saturnine silent monkish morose Humor they are Passionate Peevish Envious Suspicious not easily reconciled yet Friendly and Chearful by fits Contemplative extreamly Fansiful and full of odd Imaginations in short Deus aut Daemon But being a little spirited with the brisk and airy Sanguine allaying its adust Mordacity as of all Tempers soonest affected with the rest of the Humors so we see it alter both the Shape and Inclinations accordingly and sometimes to that degree as none become more Active Modest Abstemious Discreet less Splenetic Jocund and better Company Melancholici says Cicero and he out of Aristotle omnes ingeniosi Plato Socrates Seneca the gravest and greatest Philosophers of them all Politicians Wits and Poets were obliged to a more than ordinary dash of this otherwise unsociable Humor We might proceed to the Pituitous pallid Phlegmatic and very worst of Constitutions rendring the parts Obtuse Fleshy and Gross thro' the want of a generous discussing Warmth so as where this is Ascendent it disposes to Sloth Drowsiness Timidity Despondency Unactivity and an whole Train of other Infirmities supported with great Patience and an over-Easiness of Nature And might here inlarge into an ample and spacious Field of Qualities by repeating what Iohn Baptista Porta has so copiously written concerning the natural Causes of all these Effects under their several Titles scatter'd thro' his Treatise and summ'd up in his Fourth Book upon this Subject besides the Suffrages of innumerable more as Famous for their profound Knowledge as the World has any if Number and mighty Names would carry it But now comes a set of New Philosophers introducing as New a Theory of Primordia which plainly overthrow all that our old Masters had establish'd and hitherto maintain'd by so long pâ—â—scription without their being able to â—ally any considerable 〈◊〉 to oppose them quite exploding out of the Schools 〈◊〉 real Entities positive Qualities and particular separated Substances as constituent integral Parts of that pure Elixir the Blood variously denominated in their Doctrine of Humors according to its Consistence And all this at once by that happy and noble Discovery of its Circulation substituting a Consistence but of one Homogeneous simple Humor and attributing all those Causes Effects and Operations we have been so long question'd about to the Motion Figure Texture various Schematisms and other Modifications and Mechanical Affections of the parts of Matter only To these I cannot say as Auxiliaries but still agreeing in their design of destroying the old Humorists come in a Troop of Spagirits with their Sal Sulphur and Mercury which tho' differing Principles have not yet all this while been able to change the Terms nor indeed that of their Causes which still go under the Name and common Notion of Qualities Habits and Elements falsly so call'd Nor is it denied but that this exalted Liquor being oftentimes fired over-heated by fermenting Aporrhoeas sometimes too much diluted clogg'd inviscated distemper'd and vitiated by whatsoever Change or Modifications of the Particles does little differ in Operation from what they call Choler Melancholy Pituit and the rest not residing in their proper Vessels when at any time they grow Mutinous and Exorbitant affecting the Animal Spirits whether as we said made and elaborated here or transported from the Heart to the Head or specified in the Brain from that Mass of Blood and carried to the Medulla oblongata and Seat of common Sense by whatever Impressions upon the Nerves which terminate there and thence into the Spinal Marrow for the
Sculptors nay the whole Mystery of Ingraving making and tempering of the Stamp and Die with the impressive Engine mechanically describ'd by Monsieur Phelibien in his Principles of Architecture and Sculpture to which accurate Piece I recommend the Curious CHAP. VII Of MINTS and of the most Skilful Artists Authors Collectors and Collections How to Methodize and Dispose of Medals for the Cabinet and Library with some Reflections on the Modern Clipping and Diminution of Coin AMONGST the many admirable and useful Inventions of the Antients the loss of the Mechanical Part of the Mint is to be deplor'd but more that since the breaking in of those barbarous People who were the Cause of this Loss and of that glorious Empire it was not restor'd to any tolerable Form or Regulation by any more honest and skilful Undertakers than such as were first Employ'd about the Money especially in these Northern Parts and here in England at that time so little polish'd and so very ignorant as not to discern how greatly they were abused and imposed on whilst they totally committed the Coynage and Management of the Mint to certain cunning and avaritious Iews Genoeses and crafty Italians not at all inferior to the Iews in all the Arts of knavery and dishonest Gain It was by these that Princes were universally circumvented and under pretence of bringing vast Advantages to the Publick persuaded to admit of these many Alterations Debasement of the Species and Advancement of the Coin above its genuine and universal Value which never ended without the Loss Impoverishment and Ruin of their Subjects whilst those Miscreants grew excessively Rich by their Frauds and Extortions It must therefore be confess'd that we know little more of the Antient Mint Greek or Roman than that every Capital City of the Provinces had commonly their respective Mints and some of them two or three as OF II. III. IIII. c. besides other peculiar Marks For those of Old the place of Minting we frequently find in the Circular Inscriptions at large e. g. in that of M. Antoninus LVGDVNI and in the Exerg P. or S. TR. Signata or Percussa Treveris P. AR. Arles as in one of Helena Mother of Constantine CON. OB. Constantinopoli Obsignata M.S. ANT. Antioch with the Numerals 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. the like of other great Cities as of the Latin MD. PS Mediolani percussa and many besides which tho' carrying on them the Names of Spain Germany Aegypt Arabia and other remote places might yet for all that be Roman Coins and Medals not seldom bearing the Figure or Symbolum representing the Province as that of the Cony did Spain which the Learned Bochartus derives from Saphan in the Phoenician Tongue to signify that little Animal abounding in that Country These Monetariae Officinae had their Praefecti Aerarii Instituted by Augustus Quaestors Treasurers and other Officers belonging to them but the Great and Paramount Superintendent Magistrate of them all was the Triumvir Master indeed of the Mint and of all the Flandi Feriundi periti having the sole Fabrication of all the three Metals and was of such high Authority that he frequently stamp'd Money and Medals bearing his own Head and Effigies Names and Titles like a King but this Priviledge was exceedingly abated by that Emperor who after he had divided the Government of the Provinces between him and the Senate leaving to them the Coining of Copper only reserved that of Gold and Silver as Royal Metals to himself wherefore very rarely or never find we any of their Names after Tiberius tho' the Roman Coin was a long time after current here Those of Silver therefore in which we sometimes meet the Triumvir S.C. or in those Copper with TRIB POTEST c. we may look upon as struck before Augustus's time The like Offices we are told by Cambden were settled here at London by the Great Constantine who as appears Coin'd Money in the City in Honor of his Father P. LOND S. Pecunia Londini Signata or P.L.N. under the Comes Largitionum together with the glorious Title of Praepositus Thesaur Augustensium in Britannia Since the Decadency of the Empire the Antient Money bare ordinarily the Prince's Head sometimes his Name only and upon the Reverse a blunt Cross or like Figure with notice of the Place where it was Coin'd and in others the Name of the Monetarie and none else Triumvir-like very frequent in our Saxon Coins and those of the Franks with sometimes a Me fecit which perhaps might be that of the Graver Procopius tells us that the Kings of France did not set their Pictures at all upon their Money till they had first obtain'd Leave of the Emperor Iustinian tho' le Blanc denies it and even with us when most of the great and considerable Payments were made Honestly that is by Weight it was without any Head or Effigies whether Gold or Silver As in France where they still employ divers Mints Capital Letters A. B. C. c. without altering the Inscription shew the place of Coining as Paris Lions Tholouse Aix Amiens Nants Bourdeaux Poitiers c. In like manner with us in England there were divers Countries and Cities besides London where Money was Stamp'd some upon Occasion for a Time only others that had Ius Monetae by peculiar Priviledge We had a considerable Mint at Calais in Picardy and in some places more than One for London had no fewer than Eight Canterbury as many within one Five belonging to the King the other to the Archbishop and Abbot Rochester had Three Two the Kings One the Prelates Dover Reculver in Kent in Essex Chichester Lewes Hastings One. York Wallingford Ipswich Shaftsbury Shrewsbury Darby Leicester Worcester Lincoln Norwich Exceter Chester c. and as Cowell tells us there were Mints erected all over the Kingdom and wherever the King's Council thought convenient for those numerous Fabricks were always very chargeable and highly prejudicial to the Publick by reason of the Corruption and therefore wiser Princes restrained them to as few and as soon as possibly they could King Charles the First Coin'd indeed both at Oxford Newark Shrewsbury and I think at York and Pontfract but it was in case of Necessity whilst the standing Mother-Mint was and still continues at the Tower where yet no Gold had been stamp'd before Edward the Third some affirm him to have been the first who Coin'd Groats tho' smaller Pieces were in use since Henry the First and afterwards Half-pence and Farthings of which and all other obsolete small and wretchedly minted Coins British Saxon Danish c. see the Notes before Cambden already mentioned and what we find in his Remains concerning our Mint at present in the Tower the Author of England's Notitia gives a particular Account and of the several Officers and Establishments there together with their Salaries very accurately as I believe which as to the matter I have somewhere read was heretofore a certain Portion of the
into the Conversation Education Condition and other Circumstances of their Lives before we give hasty Sentence of their Natures and Dispositions Every hard-favoured Man should not presently be concluded a Cruel and Ill-natur'd Person since the Lineaments even of Majesty and such as create both Love and Veneration tho' there be something of more reserv'd and less tender are yet extreamly different from those of Fierce and Cruel as was observed in Titus Vespasian and is seen in the Medals and Statues of Trajan Antoninus Severus and in the Modern Emperors the two first Maximilians Radulphus and more remarkable yet in the Countenance of our late King Charles the Second wherein serious Majesty was attemper'd with such strokes of Debonaire as won Love and Reverence from all who approached him by a certain rare and singular Interposition of qualifying Lines The same Modifications of otherwise Stern and Severe are also plainly conspicuous and to be seen in his Brave and Heroic Grand-father Henry the Fourth of France than whom never were two Princes more resembling one the other comparing their Pictures abating the Beard and Peruke only 'T is reported of Ismael the Persian Sophy that he had evident Marks in his Face of a Great and Noble Soul endow'd with many Virtues quite contrary to those of Solyman the Magnificent of both which we have seen Medals and Pictures who had all the Signs of Haughtiness and Cruelty such repugnant Strokes and Figures there are Ingraven in the Countenance For as we have noted in our Charles Majesty does not consist in a grim and crabbed Look such as perhaps might be Sylla's * Manilius Stricti Catones and the Censor but in a grave staid and unelated amability and thus in una sede morantur Majestas Amor. Metam 2. something like what my Lord Bacon describes to be in one of the venerable Governors of Solomon's House in his pretty Atlantic Utopia praeseferens quasi miserantis that his Gravity had something in it which looked as if he pitied Men the Expression I confess pleased me And thus have we briefly shewed how the Proportion Harmony and Discord of Parts variously configur'd and dispos'd give notice of our Inclinations and support the Conjectures by frequent Examples What likewise our Opinion is of such as like to that Race of Scottish Divines or Second-sight-Men as they are called Prognostick of Events to come I say briefly because it were Argument of much longer discussion than this Digression will allow But here comes now a Question Rara est concordia formae atque pudicitiae Juv. Sat. X. How it happens that we often find so many of the fair and beautiful Sinners of the Sex in divers of whose Countenances there appears to dwell so much Innocency Sincerity Modesty and Goodness and such perhaps as was in Helena's Lais's Faustina's c To this is answered That the Perversion does not spring from any of those Signatures V. Platonis convivium pnlcher animus etiam in vultu apparere which if truly such do really and naturally dispose to all those perfections and virtuous Habitudes accordingly but take their Rise from some other external adventitious Cause and Corruption such as neglect of Education early and religious Principles and Institution Want Poverty and above all from the evil Examples of the Age and Conversation with others so tainted for so inficitur terrae sordibus unda fluens the clearest and most chrystal Streams passing thro' a Sink are soonest stained and poluted and in this Case indeed the Proverb takes place Aristot. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cap. VI. Vide Senertum de signis de cubitis Infirm Prog. ex Mathemat Scient ascribed to Galen Fronti nulla fides God alone being the infallible 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 since they are all of them Accidents sufficiently capable of exposing their frailties to Temptation corrupt and spoil the sweetest Nature not that I believe with some that there is any essential Perfection of Souls among Individuals of the same kind whatever difference we find in personal Endowments tho' I confess there may yet for ought we know be various degrees of Capacities as among the very Angels themselves But the Countenance does for the most part discover it at one time or other and corporeal Habitudes may lie conceal'd and the Proverb verified Fair and Foolish c. But as Beauty does not consist in Complexion only as we call it but in Symmetry Features and a certain Elegancy of Motion so the Defects of the greatest Beauty as to Morals or Intellectuals may spring from internal and hidden Causes in the Organic Body else wheresoever there is indeed universal Symmetry consent of Parts Natural Vital Animal in aetate media florente as Physicians speak there must result from them all other Graces and Perfections according to that of * Ph. Pinella Nat. Phi. Plan. Cap. ◠Symmet V. Pinella Ubi est pulchritudo formae quae rationalis est anima consequenter materia debet formae respondere formositati and wheresoever it falls out otherwise like Saturn or Mars in the Seventh or Ninth House malevolent to the Radical Promissors of the Geniture tho' with them there may be other fortunate and lucky Signs there would some thing be discover'd to be amiss in the Scheme and * O quam difficile est crimen non prodere vultu Countenance of the most charming out-side of a wanton Hypocrite by one who were a Graduate throughly skill'd in Metoposcopy Besides that I do hardly believe there ever was any Creature so transcendently and in quarto modo perfect since the very first of the Sex ‖ Notam inter duo supercilia babentem Dares Phryg de Excid Tro. Petronius the fair Helen Venus Cynthia Goddesses themselves had their Moles and Spots The same is also to be said of Learning Wit Eloquence and other shining Talents that they are not always found in the comliest Figures Raram facit mixturam cum sapientia forma nor had Socrates his Wisdom Nor Aesop Galba and * Ingenio formae damna repetendo meae Ovid. Epist. Ecclus. xvii 5 6. Sappho their Wit and Ingenuity from their beauteous shape and out side L. Metellus had the Looks of a Fool nor was Ulysses's Eloquence seen by his Countenance and the plicatures of his Face 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But when once he began to speak there was nothing so fluent nothing so charming In a word the most inestimable Jewel looses nothing of its Value for not being kept in a Velvet Case An illustrions Instance of this have we in an old Acquaintance of Seneca's Epist. LXVI the whole Passage is worth reciting Claranum condiscipulum meum vidi post multos annos non puto expectas ut adjiciam senem Sed mehercules viridem animo ac vegetum cum corpusculo suo colluctantem Inique enim se natura gessit talem animum male collocavit aut fortasse voluit hoc