their substance if they should be compelled to give any thing away which was in their possession from which most Emphaticall operation of this Muscle to thâ—â— signification of the Mind the Muscâ—â— might be properly called Musculâ—â— illiberalis the Illiberall Negative or the Niggard Muscle So much shal suffice as to the Denominations of this Muscle which is principall in the Action which thâ— Mind enters visibly in the Head and Shoulders as for the other Muscles which are but Accessories they are like to retaine their old names unlesse some charitable Myotomist be pleased to take pitty of their private Condition and think good to bestow the other significations of this Action as nominall favors severally upon them Memb. II. Of the Muscles serving to the generall expressions or most important motions of the Face or Countenance MAny are the affections of the Mind that appeare in the signifiâ—ant motions of the Face even when â—he Bones are at rest for whereas some â—arts of our skin are altogether immoâ—â—able and pertinacious in their circumâ—uction over the subjacent parts other â—arts thereof versatile indeed but they are not actuated with any voluntary motion the skin of the whole Face participates of motion which being voluntary does necessarily imply the use of Muscles by whose benefit those motions should be orderly and significantly performed Galen was the first who observed that Broad Muscle which he calls 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The broad Mouse-Muscle and was unknown to the ancient Anatomists arising from the top of the Sternon and the whole Channell Bone the upper Spine of the Shoulder-blade the Spine of the Vertebres of the Neck and inserted into all the parts of the Head which 〈◊〉 without haire and the lower jaw beâ—yond which it goes not according 〈◊〉 whose variety of originals and the proâ—ductions of divers fibres it proves 〈◊〉 Author of so many voluntary motioâ— as appeare in the Face for it so ends 〈◊〉 the Face that it covers it within as 〈◊〉 a Visard Sylvius makes it a Horsemaâ— Cap or a Riding-Hood if you take 〈◊〉 so much of it as is covered with the 〈◊〉 Theophilus compares it to a womans 〈◊〉 which the Greekes vulgarly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and is nothing else but a notable fleshie Membrane a medium between a skin and a Muscle which encloseth the Head and Face no lesse than the Skin therefore called fleshie because besides the nature of other Membranes in some places it is thicker and degenerates as it were into a Muscle as appeares in most parts of the Face where the skin conveyed along with the Membrane is the cause why the skin is there moveable hence Creatures who have all their skin moveable for the greatest part have this Membrane growing to â—heir skin But although the Ancients â—hought the whole Face was moved in â—ll its significations by the operation of â—his broad Muscle yet latter Anatomists â—ave found out the Muscles that lye unâ—er it whose opportune subjection â—oncurs to the advancement of the â—eaking motions and voluntary disâ—urses of the Countenance there 〈◊〉 for these purposes of the Mind as 〈◊〉 reckon forty sixe to wit to the â—otion of the Eyes and Eye-brows â—enty foure to the motion of the 〈◊〉 twelve and to the rest of the parts ten These Muscles by the effect of their action are beheld in the motion of the Face while they move the skin together with them the parts wherein they are inserted varying according to the variety of the parts This difference being as Galen speaks between the skin and the eyes and lips that under the skin there is a Musculous thin Nature the Eyes are moved by Muscles and the Lips by a Nature mixt of a skin and a Muscle So that the parts of the Face have their significant motions either from the administration of their propeâ— Muscles as the Forehead Eye-lids and Lips or by reason of the vicinity oâ— the skin as the Balls of the Cheeke which being destitute of Muscles 〈◊〉 moved together with the next skin 〈◊〉 that indeed one motion often times folâ—lows upon another by reason of 〈◊〉 common broad Muscle out of whicâ— the Muscles that move the parts of 〈◊〉 Face are made there being some 〈◊〉 are common to two Members as 〈◊〉 of the Nose and upper Lip and the 〈◊〉 and Cheeks whose Muscles are 〈◊〉 to each other Indeed the Professe of Dissection assigne not any action to the skin in generall because it is a simple and similar part not organicall and instrumentall which must be understood of common and visible actions for private it hath as nourishing it selfe by attraction of aliment though indeed in regard of Tact it hath a common action But in the Face it hath a publique and locall motion that is most Emphatically significant wherein the perturbations of the Mind discover themselves being moved in the Face by the streight annexion to Muscles which are the organs of voluntary motion for Nature would have it so ordered â—hat by the benefit of certaine Muscles working under the skin and affecting â—he parts of the Face being all of them furnished in their originals with Nerves from the third Conjugation of Nerves â—hat come from the Braine Man with â—is very Countenance alone should â—xpresse all his Will Mind and Desire when at any time it happened â—o be inconvenient or unlawfull to open 〈◊〉 in words at length The reason why â—he Face doth so naturally follow the motions of the Mind and is an Index of the Affections is as Baldus thinks That Affections being Passions in matter and in the Body they are the forms of a certaine Body to wit of the Mass of Bloud and insooth a certaine passion requireth a certaine matter as Anger Choller Joy pure Bloud Sadnesse Melancholly Astonishment Phlegme which humors conteyned in their Naturall Vessels and mixt together furnish the Affections with matter which while it remaineth about the Heart and the first sensitory from the image perceived and adjudged to have the cause or matter of molestation or placencie excited by Heat and Spirits it is drawn into Act and is made such in act from thence the altered Spirits or vapours with the Spirits are elevated which by the Arteries coming to the Braine the Principle of the Nerves which bring the Commands for motion to the Muscles into which they are inserted so making them the Instruments of Voluntary motion pluck and pull it after diverâ— manners according to their quality Affecting Contracting Dilating Heating Refrigerating more or lesse drying or moystening And any the least mutation made in a Principle there followes a change in those things that depend upon that Principle Wherefore the Arteries and Nerves that follow the Heart and Braine are changed and because the Face is nigher the Braine the chiefe organ of the Sense made remarkable by the Cognizanze of the greatest Arteries and endued with Nerves such varietie of proper and common Muscles which entertaine them Hence it comes to
â—he other but in Machins without the mutation of qualityes but in us the formall cause of motive heate and spirits is transmitted withall to the parts hence in anger we wax hot in feare and sadnesse cold for all these perturbations are done with heate and cold to wit the â—hing seen excites the Appetite and this the Affection which prepare the instrument of the Action So thaâ— the Appetive power or will commandeth but moveth not but after his nod thâ— Motive faculty ariseth which flowing bâ— the Nerves produceth Motion Yet Fâ—râ—nelius his distinction is to be considereâ— in this businesse who will have the Appetite or will to be the first Efficient cauâ—â— of motion but not the Chiefe causâ— which belongs rather to the Spirit anâ— Faculty than to the Appetite and must bâ— returned thither besides the Appetiâ—â— or will we must find out some more propinque and conjuct cause of motion aâ—mong others the chiefe reason is thaâ— when the Palsie hath seased on any parâ— because then the Nerves are destitute 〈◊〉 the Spirits and Faculty the most efficaâ—cious or strongest Appetite or Will canâ—not procure a motion and if you binâ— Nerve hard with a cord you may â—ommand what you will but there folâ—owes no obedience of the Muscle whose Nerve is so stopt since all notice or inâ—elligence of our will is thereby intercepted from arriveing at the Muscle Besides this commandment of the Will seemes of little efficacy at all unlesse a â—ertaine endeavour and intention of the â—ind be added unto it as a Coadjutor or â—ompanion for if a man would either wrest his eyes divers wayes or set all 〈◊〉 parts together into speaking motiâ—ns shal he forthwith effect it although â—he instruments be sound and fit for actâ—on of which this in sooth is the only â—ause that the mind must hoc agere and â—annot take notice of all things at one â—nstant nor be intent to every single motion Therefore the Will is not only sufficient but a certaine intention also of the Mind is necessary to rowze up â—he Motive faculty otherwise a sleepe â—nd languishing in particulars Wherefore this Animall Faculty which by the â—ectorship of the spirit flowes from the Braines into every particle while it is driven foreward by the command of the will and the endeavour and intention of the mind effects the actions whicâ— so significantly appeare in the Head anâ— other parts of the Body Sect. V. That it is strange but not so wonderfulâ— that Animall motion should be performed on such a sudden DIverse things are required that thâ— parts should be moved by an Aniâ—mall or voluntary motion For wee muâ—â— know how all that is moved is compaâ—â— of a Mover and a Moveable Since what soever is moved is moved of some thing when therefore we are moved it is necesâ—sary there should be a compound of â— moving and a moveable the Soule is thâ— Movens metaphoricum the moved oâ— moveable the Body or some part of it foâ— it is the Soule whereby we live and havâ— motion And because the Soule moves noâ— by a naturall propension but by knowâ—ledge and for an end it would be conâ—sidered with the sharpenesse of wit oâ— whom it is moved and with what instruâ—ments and medium's it moves the Heaâ— â—nd parts of it and which are the inâ—â—ruments moved and the Mediumsâ—etween â—etween the Soule and the last thing moâ—ed The Principall of locall motion espeâ—ially which must be immoveable is the â—oule Appetition is the Medium that movesâ—he â—he Moveable the Instrument is the Spirit â—o that there are sixe things concurring â—o these Actions Immoveable as the Soule â—â—moveable partly and partly moveable as â—he Braine quatenus a Principle which â—ove and are moved as the Head which 〈◊〉 moved by the Braine and moves the â—arts of the Face with it which are moâ—ed alone as the parts of the Face the â—edium of the motion as the Appetition â—nd Affection and the Instrument which 〈◊〉 the Spirit To this effect Cardan or 〈◊〉 you will have it as Fabricius ab Aqua â—end has dâ—awn it out of Galen and Ariâ—â—â—tle All that appertains and concurs 〈◊〉 locall motion is thus universally orâ—ered As soon as the imagination is forâ—ed of the object known by the intellectâ—r â—r sense whether it be to be prosecuted â—r avoided straightwaies the Appetite is â—oved which forthwith excites and moves withall the passions of the Body either by heating or refrigerating eithâ—â— to attain or avoid The passions that iâ— heat cold do aptly prepare the motorâ— Instruments as Aristotle speakes ingeniâ—ously Which are according to Galen thâ— Braine the Nerves the Muscles anâ— Joints The Braine besides its proposeâ— worke done by it self and as it were â—â—â—red up by ploughing and brought fortâ— out of its proper substance as the Imaâ—gination Appetite and Passions 〈◊〉 moreover transmit the Animal Spiriâ— begotten in and of it self by the nerveâ— his branches as it were by channels 〈◊〉 the muscles the peculiar allyed and proâ—per organ of motion with which forâ— the Muscles wholly affected and illustraâ—ted attempt the performance of appareâ—â— motion Now although the Muscles 〈◊〉 the instruments of voluntary motion 〈◊〉 many other things being required to thâ— act of their motion whence that by 〈◊〉 mediation so many causes interceding so suddenly a commotion should 〈◊〉 wrought and introduced into the Meâ—â—bers is a thing full of miracle 〈◊〉 hath a pretty Simile to illustrate this bâ—â—siness As saith he in the striking of â—â—ring of an Instrument an eight anâ—wers unto an eight So the Motive Faâ—ulty by a wonderfull providence of Nature moves the mobile Spirits and â—hese moved flie forth with a stupendiâ—us obedience to their destinated Organs As in a Monochord a Diapason a Diapente and a Diatesseron sound only â—t certaine intervals and in the other â—tops sound not So certaine parts as soone as may be obey the soule sending particular Mandates unto them for all â—he parts wait upon the soule and were framed by Nature to such an aptitude that being commanded they presently obey and are moved as long as the moving faculty flowing from a principle is not by some impediment debarred from them But without doubt saith Marinellus this is not very perspicuous to reason how we do move at the Nod of the Will what part soever we desire although the most remotest from the head the foundation of the moving faculty and that without any interposition of time But all admiration and astonishment will vanish away if we suppose that which is most certaine to wit that the motive faculty while man is awake or noâ— oppressed with heavy sleep doth perpetually flow and travell to the Nerveâ— which are derived from the Braine and dispersed through the Laberinth of thâ— Body which virtue since it is as wâ— may so say in the first act in the Toe oâ— the Foot the Appetite commanding iâ— breaks out into the last act which is motion Caâ—en gives us an example no time
of every particle in our head or face yet all the gestures of the parts which we exercise even when wee know not whether we use them or not are motions of the soule since performed by the worke of the Muscles And I thinke saith Marinellus there is no man when he moves after any manner his whole head distorts his Face Eye-brow lip or nose or winkes with one eye which somtimes we do not being aware of them and so against our knowledge and will yet none are so simple to thinke they are not the actions of the soule and done by voluntary motion and that they proceed not from the soule because knowledge and command doe not so formally precede as in other actions it is wont before appetite for the Phansie may doe its worke and move when we perceive it not and it appeares by Aristotle that motion may be commanded the members although the outward Senses are notably hindred and whatsoever motion is done by the commandement of a Faculty is voluntary it being without all controversy that all motions the soule exerciseth by the Muscles are arbitrary and so to bee called they being voluntary which Reason and the Will command called Animall because common to us with Beasts For all motion that the Rationall or Irrationall Faculty commands the Muscles is animall or arbitrary for since all motion is either naturall or voluntary and that which is done by the Muscles is not naturall it followes then it must be accounted for animal arbitrary or voluntary names which imply all one thing But all motion which is done by the contraction of the Muscles to their heads is commanded the Muscles by the Soul or Appetite al such motion therfore is and ought to be called voluntary or animall for that contraction of the Muscles which without the helpe of any extraneous thing are driven to their Heads move the members into which they are inserted is the operation of an animated body quatenus animated wherefore such motions of the Muscles cannot bee done by any other thing the Soul not cooperating with it For al actions equally proceed from the Soul but receive their Specifique difference from the instruments Wherefore these are both animall and voluntary motions if the name be put for them both but if you would call that onely voluntary which is done with our will and assent and not against our wills you will be compelled to exclude many other motions performed by the Muscles from the number of voluntary motions Galen endeavours to salve this doubt why wee doe these voluntary actions as 't were not wittingly or willingly or as being aware of them not presuming to have found the cause but to speake a little more probably Because saith he wee are not intent with our whole mind upon them as many have done actions which they forget to have done in fits of anger and passion having made but a slight and superficiall impression in their mindes as madmen performe many voluntary actions which yet they remember not when they come to themselves whereas to some actions we adhibit a more indulgent heed when no way disturbed nor distracted with cares we are not drawn away to desist from the motion begun for Care the Contemplation of some thing Custome or some affection of the mind may prove impediments to the knowledge of the Command of the will for if our Cogitation be very intent upon a thing so that it slights other things which had intended it it errs from its proper end which often happens to men when they intend a journey to a certaine place and many times being engaged in other thoughts doe passe it Notwithstanding it is a thing hard enough to believe that any one should command and not know that he doth command and therfore some have dared to affirme that the beginning of a motion depends upon the command of the will but the progresse of a journey to bee done by Custome and Aptitude of parts since many at that time are turmoyl'd with divers cares but it is better to affirme the Cause of such errour to be by reason of the mind detained by some cogitation And with Marinellus wee may wonder as much how such motions are many times done in our sleep which we forget to have done in our sleep the soule then working obscurely for when we awake wee cannot tell whether wee had moved any part of our face or no and so by oblivion are soone induced to say they were done without our will or privity which is the case of your Noctambuli or as Sennerâ—us had rather call them Somnambuli who in their sleepes rise out of their Beds walke and performe many actions and gestures whereof there is mention every where among Physicians which gestures and actions are done unwittingly and when they awake in the morning they remember no such matter animall motion being stirred up in them by force of a stronger imagination which are performed by the benefit of the motions of the Hand feete and the other organs serving to animall motion commanded by the Locomotive prickt forward by the Appetite stirred up by the Phansie which taking notice of some object offered unto it in sleepe tenders it to the Appetite either to bee avoyed or embraced To which the command of Reason and the will doe concurre with the locomotive power although more obscurely and darkely the action of imagination being stronger in sleepe but that of rationation which should direct and moderate the â—hansie is more obtenebrated the actions of those who sleepe and those who dreame seeming not to differ but that these rise the others lying in their beds doing the same things Another obâ—ection may bee that many of these speaking motions of our Head Face other parts of our body are many times done by custome a habit rather than by a voluntary motion Indeede Zinguer reckons custome among the accidents of the Instrumentall cause of the motive faculty and that it is as 't were the Vicar of the will and sometimes the Arbiter But the Master of the subtilties laughs at Cardan for his definition of the double Cause of motion one the Soule the Muscles the other custome You in vaine saith he multiply things you in vaine bring a name for a thing For what is custome if I should aske you would spend above two dayes in deliberation what you were to say it would fall out well if you could then come off with credit Custome is nothing else but a habit but a habit is not the cause of motion but a quality added to the motion because it so adheres to the members that as Aquilio without C. oâ— his owne accord doth presently answer brings forth its actions as they are to be done without any inquisition Custome indeed and the aptitude of parts doe advance helpe forward the doing or perfecting of some motions and it is wortâ— our admiration to see in a Chironomer who has his soule in his
vertebras and those â—rong Muscles implanted in the processe â—f the Iugall-bone and Breast it remains â—â—erefore since their Muscles are laxe â—edounding with overmuch moysture â—â—ey should as men drowzie let their â—ead fall to the Right or Left shoulder 〈◊〉 withall their Heades abounding â—ith exerementitious humours cannot 〈◊〉 susteined but are so inclined and â—â—rchance rather to the Right Hand 〈◊〉 the Left for the aforesaid reason â—nd indeed they may well be suppoâ—â—d 〈◊〉 to have the Ligaments of the Left 〈◊〉 more slacke and remisse which notes out much softnesse and superfluous moysture predominant in the Left-side by which when the Muscles and Ligaments of that side are loosened the Head by its weight is bent to the opposite side as it happens sometimes the Cheeks to be drawn awry to one side when there is a resolution of the Nerves and Ligaments of the other side Dissect VIII PRide Arrogance Ambition Insolency Insultation Confidence Disdaine Magnificency Magnamity and the odious vanity of Bragging and boasting beare up the Head aloft by reason of which garbe such who use it are properly called Cervicosi that is Elate and arrogant which action is performed when all thâ— hinder Muscles of the Neck and Head and that confused Chaos and heape oâ— Muscles in the Back which are like Labyrinth of many waies work toâ—gether for then by drawing the 〈◊〉 straight backward they extend it anâ— keep it erect as a Mast of a Ship is 〈◊〉 Cords which posture is Tonique anâ— hath these significations when it is moderately so held without any vehemency and we might call this action of the Muscles the Combination or Conspiracy of Pride and Arrogance or the Braggadochios plot ¶ But in fierce audacity when we would affront defie upbraid and with an execration expresse cruell anger we augment the tension of the Muscles and confirme our Head to a Chamelion-like inflexibility setting withall our face with the veines retched out against others Anatomists call this among the five figures of the motion of Muscles according to Galen Extreme figure where there is an immoderate contention wherein the parts are vehemently stretched out and wherein the Muscles of both kinds work together and sometimes beyond their strength but chiefly when we compell a Member to persist longer in that tension for we cannot long endure the great stresse of the Nervous fibres But this Tonicall figure may be more or lesse intense according to the pleasure of the mover This rigid forme of fierce audacity looks like a Crampe or Crick in the Neck and makes the Muscles to remaine so stretched out that the Head and Neck seeme indeed immoveable but yet in truth the Muscles are moved in conservation of the contracted Muscles such being the nature of successive motions as Laurentius speaks that they are no lesse done while they are so kept than when they were first begun We may call this generall concurrence of the Muscles when they are thus perceived to act with perseverance Tetanum oppositionis the Rack of opposition or the voluntary Crick of stiffenecked Cruelty But this case of Tonique motion being absolutely the greatest mystery that relates to Voluntary motion deserves a better enquirie First This Action is of the same kind with Contraction that is they agree in the Genus of the Action but specifically differ Yet Galen doth not expresse what Species of motion it is of So that this Action is not a change of place but only an Action with immobility Galen calls that Action of the Muscle without locall motion motum Tonicum which perchance with him was all one as to reteine the part in that place from whence it would recede unlesse it were deteyned by the Action of the Muscle for all immobility as He proves is not caused by the privation of Action for a part that is susteyned and held firme in one posture that it stirs not could not be done unlesse they did Act for else it would be altered or fall by the weight of the Body Whence it doth follow that all immobility doth not depend upon the privation of Action but upon some Action of the Muscle But the Action of a Muscle is motion for the Action of a part is defined by Galen an Active motion but rest is contrary to motion Galen takes this for a hard and difficult question yet he hath many kinds of this motion from experience and sence as that of a bird hanging in the Ayre and of one swimming against a streame with equall strength the moving faculty raising it up equall to the weight of its body depressing and the strength of the swimmer equally contending and striving against the force of the streame Serpillon imagines this to be an action mixed of tension and contraction which Fontanus his Antagonist will not endure to heare of Galen in a most smooth and admirable modesty of stile goes over the Rocks and depths of this mystery It is possible saith he to find some motion all the Muscles that are ordered for it ceasing from their Action and to find a quiescency many Muscles working For all motion is not caused by the operation of Muscles nor all immobility by their rest Now whether or no shall we say that they do act and are stretched but are not moved And if we feare to say so we must likewise say that they do not act for 't is absurd to confesse they do work according to their innate and most proper Action and to deny them to be moved But they appeare not to be moved yet because the Muscles act therefore we say they are moved but because the whole Member whereof they are a part nor they themselves apart do appeare to move therefore for this cause again we do not confesse they move where therefore shall a man find a Solution for this doubt From the name Tonique as some have done which comes of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 id est firmo Fontanus has a good mind to help Galen out in this difficultie but endeavours it with little successe This only he gathers from the Doctrine of Galen that Action without motion of the Muscle is called a Tonique motion Action with motion Contraction motion without Action born of the Contracted part Extension the Decidency of the Muscle a motion from the weight of the part and Muscle But seeing of the causes of Tonique motion Galen hath written little Fontanus is at a stand perchance thinking it would be an impudent Design to attempt any thing in that kind after so great a light of Physick yet he puts the Quaere whence this Tonique motion should come and he ventures to conclude from the motrice faculty commanded as all other voluntary actions for the nearest cause of this motion as he conceives is the Animal faculty which moves the Muscles and it is the part of that to susteine the Members whose part it is to move them wherein after his great flourish he hath made no more progresse than the very words
and of so great importance to the functions of the Soule that the Antients by one common consent named it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi mentem vel mentis sedem and they thought that Phrensies and Delirations arose from thence Therefore it is no marvell if Laughter also should be first wrought by this part since it is swift and expedite to swift motions being a broad Muscle and most plentifully abounding with Sense and Spirit which is equally dilated through it for Laughter is accounted to be as a certaine Dilation and is withall the prime Instrument of Spiration which appeares to be in a manner the substance of Laughter which Aristotle affirmes where he saith that for this cause the tickling one under the Armes causeth this affection because the Midriffe is fastened in that part whereby it easily opens and moves the Sense of this Muscle besides our Will which indeed is somewhat apparent to Sense for in any the least Laughter the Midriffe is manifestly removed and retracted and the beginning of motion being made there the other parts as the Lungs and Muscles of the Face are forthwith stirred and moved But because the Midriffe is in no manner a principall part of the body nor the chiefe seat of the Soule or of any faculty therefore neither doth it seeme Consentaneous it should be accounted the prime Principle of Laughing wherefore for some reasons the Body of the Heart hath been by some adjudged the prime seat and original of Laughter But Physicians who upon the best ground make the Braine to be primum Sensitivum affirme the Braine to be the Prime Principle of Laughing but this affection to be made common by consent to the Diaphragma and that it therefore is the prime Instrument because it begins to be formed and to appeare by this part the other parts thereupon administring to the operation wherein it is necessary to use a Distinction for the better clearing of the Point for it is one thing to be the prime and neerest Principle and another thing to be the â—rime manifestative Instrument and perâ—ective of the Forme the Braine is acknowledged the prime and nearest Principle but the Midriffe is the prime manifestative Instrument and perfective 〈◊〉 the Forme Now the Diapragma 〈◊〉 operation is so evidently seen in 〈◊〉 Face its motion in this passion beinâ— attended with so many motions of 〈◊〉 Face and Body is a Muscle the most 〈◊〉 nowned and famous as the spring of 〈◊〉 the orall motions whose honourabâ—â— names sufficiently prove its Excellency having obteined a figure peculiar anâ— common to no other Muscle beinâ— broad thin and orbicular and having 〈◊〉 beginning in its midst from whenâ—â— thick fibres run out as from the 〈◊〉 to the Circumference for it hath a 〈◊〉 of nervous Circle in the middle whicâ— is its originall about which anothâ—â— wholy fleshie consists by which the 〈◊〉 that go out of it are dispersed 〈◊〉 spread out to the Piripheria The 〈◊〉 proper and Emphaticall name it 〈◊〉 obteyned with the Greekes is 〈◊〉 froâ— the word 〈◊〉 that in Latine signiâ—â— sapere which with us is to savour or 〈◊〉 like for with this part we have a likiâ—â— of any object on a motion of inclinâ—â—tion unto it to which we are beholâ—â—ing as Plinie saies for all our men conceits and fine flashes This musculous Membrane being as it were the Timbrell of the Fantsie and the Heart which beaten upon by them the Muscles of the Face and Body are put into motion and dance unto the Dorian melody thereof a kind of Morisko expressed in the exultant action of the parts into which they are inserted deserves to be called Musculus hilaritatis seu facetiarum the Muscle of Ioy Mirth and Laughter or of witty conceit or the Muscle of the motion of inclination Anger Indignation and Envy affect the Muscles of the Face with a kind of Laughter improperly enough called Sardonian which being according to Nature is conteined in the other Laughâ—er yet there is some difference neither do all things which accompany the other naturall Laughter appeare exactly is this there may be perchance the same motion of the parts and almost the same Figure of the Face but no Sign of Joy or Mirth but almost alwaies sadnesse for the front is cloudy and contracted and indeed the Lips only and Teeth are affected in which adulterate Laughter men doe Labijs tantum 〈◊〉 enis malis ridere or ringere rather 〈◊〉 ridere Feare also and a Sudden fright 〈◊〉 Spectrum especially if it bee horribâ—â— ridiculous hath the same effect somâ—â—times upon the Muscles of the Faâ—â— there being certaine effects that doe nâ—â—turally breake out into contraries iâ—â—sinuating not themselves into the Bodâ— corporally as they say and subjectivâ— but immaterially and objectivè invaâ—â— our senses for the Spirits or Radicaâ— moisture by which we know on a suâ—â—den perceiving some sad object 〈◊〉 spectre and evill doth perchance fear and flying back betakes it selfe in manner wholly to its intimate Towâ— or Fort therefore it contracts the meâ—â—bers and especially the Muscles of tâ—â— Face as the part by which the Spectruâ— breakes in most upon our minds anâ— Spirits Weeping is a motion contrary iâ— signification to laughter representinâ— also some motion of the mind that 〈◊〉 by Laughter the heart is Dilated 〈◊〉 with it the Breast and the Muscles o◠〈◊〉 Face So by this they are 〈◊〉 But in the Face by Laughter the parts â—â—out the mouth are more emphatically â—â—fected but in weeping the parts about â—â—e Eye which compression expresseth â—â—ares else there is little difference in â—â—eir lines as Painters observe which â—onsequently requires the action of the â—â—me Muscles in both which is not by â—â—ny influence of the lively Spirit which 〈◊〉 Laughter replenisheth the counteâ—â—nce causing the eyes to sparkle and 〈◊〉 the Muscles of the Cheekes with a â—â—btle vapour But the contraction of â—he Cheekes in weeping seemeth to 〈◊〉 from an excrementitious vapour â—hich passeth with the humiditie of â—â—ares from the Braine into the Cheeks â—nd forceth Nature to make contractiâ—n to dischardge it selfe of that vapour â—oyned with the consent which is beâ—â—ixt the Muscles of the Jawes and lips â—ith the Midriffe whose remission and â—ontraction being hastned by the conâ—raction of the Heart in griefe conâ—â—acteth also the aforesaid Lips and â—â—eekes which it causeth by the fourth â—nd sixt paire of Nerves derived into both parts from the marrow of the Chine-bone in the Neck These are also the cause of the whole deformity of the Face in griefe which chiefly contracteth the visage in expiration in which the heart hath more power over the Midriffe being slacken'd than in inspiration wherin by dilating of the Chest for use of breath it is extended Memb. III. Of the Muscles appertaining to the ForeHead or the Browes and Eye-browes and employed by the mind in the significant motions thereof THE skin of the Forehead is significantly moved according to the pleasure of
of the perverse Cheeke happens by reason of the shortnesse of its Muscle for every motion that proceedes from the will seemes to be done by the attraction of the Muscles to those parts whence they arise neither could the attraction of the other Cheeke be done unlesse the opposite Muscle were drawn back to its originall whence it appeares that the Depraved figure of the Mouth or Symptome of the function of the voluntary mover hurt called by Physicians the Cynique Spasme which this action seemes to counterfeit by this account differs onely from the Naturall that it is done besides our will the Convulsion driving the Nerves and Muscles to the same affect to which they are led by the Animall Faculty when they keepe their naturall habit the Muscles are contracted into their proper heades and with them they rivell that part into which they are inserted which indeede is common to the naturall and praeter-naturall Plaise-mouth or Dog-Spasme This ridiculous action proceeding from a Detracting Disposition of the mind is performed by the square Muscle of the Cheeke by Spigelius called Detrahens Quadratus the first that suffers convulsion in those that are falling into the Cynique Spasme the varying conduct of the fibres of which Muscle some being straight some oblique and some transverse are to be well considered of by Chirurgions in their incisions in these parts which some not knowing by an over free cutting of the transverse fibres overthwart have caused both Cheekes to run as plucked to one side This is a thin Muscle although broad and large lying hid next under the skin of the Neck and encompassing the whole upper Jaw in the Face draweth its origen from the regions of the snigs of the Vertebres of the Neck the externall part of the Neck the Scapula clavicula and the Breast Bone ascends by degrees with oblique fibres to the Face and is implanted into that part of the Chin where the upper Lip is joyned unto the lower This Muscle which covers the Face and out of which the Muscles of the Nostrills Eye-browes and Lips are made being contracted unto it selfe by aid of those oblique and transverse fibres it hath the Cheeke we command is drawne awry the Nose Eye-browes and Lips following the obliquity of that motion thereby making this Ironie of gesture most compleat for the Cheeke the Seate of laughter leading the Nose with dry mockery or Derison followes the Lips obsequious by a silent Detraction manifest their agreement to the motion of the Nose and though they two are in the midle yet both agree to assist this action on the side stage of Derision while the Censorious Eye-browes overlooking by a motion of assent and concurrence applaude the Irony From the signification of Detraction which this Scheme or figure of motion aptly expresseth this Muscle may retaine the name of Musculus Detrahens and be called the Detracter Detractions by Solomon being aptly called Detrahentia labra Detracting lips alluding for all wee know to this action of the Cheekes the Lips alwayes moving when this square Muscle moves which is common to them and the Cheekes Dissect XXV ANger Swelling indignation Pride Disdaine Arrogancy and Ambitious love of praise puff up the Cheekes of selfe-conceited men and make them looke big upon others Spigelius thinks this motion is not performed by the help of any Muscle but onely happens by the relaxation of the fibres of the Muscle Buccinator while the breath is reteined in the hollow of the Mouth the lips being shut this Muscle is Distended which makes the greatest part of the Cheeke But the Muscle Buccinator being so called from the similitude at least of this affectation of the mind comprehending all that part which is blown up when we sound a Trumpet is commonly assign'd to this action and consequently to the signification of this affectation of the mind A Muscle thin and membranous lying under the Square Detracter interwoven with divers fibres from whence its divers actions proceede and is scarce any thing else but a fleshy implexure of fibres this from the upper part of the Gums of the superior Jaw is terminated in the top of the Gums of the lower-Jaw in the manner of a circle which since it emulates a circle and in a circle what ever part is taken the same is both the beginning midle and the end it matters not whether you say it proceedes from the upper Gums into the lower or from the lower into the upper This Muscle according to our Designe of referring all names to the Affections of the Mind might be called Musculus Ambitiosus the Ambitious or selfe-conceited Muscle and there is a signature of the conceited Capacity of the Mind in the most capacious figure of this Muscle which is a Circle which thus put in motion by way of ostentation seemes to infer to others how far they can enlarge and extend the Sphere of their ability even to comprehend all within the compasse of their perfection and personall worth which least any man should not sufficiently understand they are so puffed in mind that they will straine themselves so far as to sound the Trumpet of their own Praise by making an unhandsome use of the Muscle Buccinator Nor is it altogether unsignificant that this selfe-conceited and praise-seeking Muscle lies underneath the Detracter for they that ambitiously arrogate to themselves the merits of applause are very apt to Detract from others and indeed Ambition and selfe-conceited Pride is but Detraction under a Visard But if the puffe of Anger swell this Orbicular Muscle he that puffes and chafes after this manner seemes to be his own Trumpeter and to sound defiance to those against whom he presents himselfe with Cheekes so inflate Dissect XXVI DEspaire makes the Cheeks to fall or sinke they who think the former affectation of the Mind to be performed by the help of no Muscle apposite to that action conceive this adduction or contraction of the Cheekes is performed by the Muscle Buccinator which with them is Contrahens alter as being designed by Nature unto it and â—t may well be by its Contraction or the Contraction of its fibres a motion quite opposite to that of Confidence â—elfe-conceit being a contrary affection â—r motion of the Mind But this action â—s not very remarkable unlesse in proud â—nd confident self-conceited men when â—hey are humbled by a counter-buffe of â—nquisition and the bladder of their â—ride is thereby pricked that makes â—hem look like the baffled Sons of Despaire Dissect XXVII CHeerefulnesse a pleasant and smiling Alacrity cause in many a Dimple in some part of the Cheeke which Anatomists call the Navell of Venus This is caused by the moving of the same Muscle Buccinator which after the manner of a Sphyncter encompasseth the Cheekes which when it is contracted and drawn in in some part of it makes that Pit or Dimple which so gracefully appeares in the Cheekes of some men Memb. IX Of the Muscles that serve the