Litharge and Tragacanth mix'd with Vinegar and Oyl of Roses Oft-times Plantan Water and Allum are also very effectual ARTIC II. Of the Piles THE Hemorrhoid Veins are either Internal or External The Internal proceed from the mesenteric Branch of the Vena Portae the External from the same Branch of the Vena Cava as those of the womb and so frequently discharge the Blood that was wont to be evacuated by the terms as in the case of Suppression or Cessation of the terms or being with Child The Blood stagnating in these Hemorrhoid Vessels causes oft-times a dry Inflammation straitening the Cavity of the Guts and occasioning a prodigious Pain in voiding the Excrements sitting walking c. It rises up to a great swelling and hangs out of the Gut in various forms sometimes mistaken for warts or other occasional tumors and if it be not discus'd or open'd degenerats into a Scirrhus or an Ulcer If the Vessels give way to the Blood it runs out either by drops from the Veins or with a full current from the Arteries Sometimes this Evacuation is Natural and Periodical returning every Month or Week in Men as the terms in Women Sometimes 't is Critical infering the solution of an Acute Distemper Sometimes not only Blood but a watry humor resembling the Whites in Women is voided by the same Vessels This evacuation by the Hemorrhoids for the most part is involuntary tho' some few by Custom may have obtain'd a Privilege of commanding them when they will The Cause of this Flux or Stagnation of Blood is either Internal or External The former is some sharp salin ferment in the Blood following Melancholic Scorbutic and Splenetic Distempers or occasion'd by suppression of Blood and such like Accidents This vicious ferment irritats the tender Fibres and creats an Inflammation Pain and other Symptoms The External Causes are Riding Running Leaping or whatever stretches those Vessels any sudden Commotion of the Blood by Anger Exercise c. Hard Labor of Women with Child Suppression of the Terms and the use of Rosinous Purgatives which stick to the Guts and vellicat the Orifices of the Vessels The Essential Symptom of the Piles is a green colour of the Face A pain in the Loyns without a manifest Cause prognosticats their approach They are distinguish'd from scorbutic Evacuations of Blood in that they are generally exasperated by going to Stool and the Blood for the most part is voided together with the Excrements The dry Piles are distinguish'd from other Excrescences by their being of a different Substance from the Breech round black plac'd at the extremities of the Veins and being altogether free of Flesh or Ulceration If the Piles be Chronical or accompany Chronical Diseases such as the Scurvy Melancholly Obstructions of the Bowels and especially Arthritic Pains we ought to be cautious of stopping 'em unless they exceed Bounds in which case they weaken the Body disposing it to a Dropsie or Consumption and creating an awkward aversion to Women Periodical or usual Piles or such as proceed from Suppressions ought to be promoted and open'd if they be dry If the Piles flow too copiously they ought to be stop'd If the dry Piles seize those who are unacquainted with 'em or cannot bear the loss of Blood they ought to be discuss'd Chalybeat Medicines are in a manner proper for all these purposes by reason that the Piles in what condition soever are for the most part either the fore-runners or effects of Hypocondriac Diseases But to answer each Indication apart we shall begin with the first For opening the Piles or promoting their Flux let the part be first fomented with emollient Decoctions then apply the Juice of Fig-leaves bruis'd or the Juice of Soubread mix'd with that of Beets or a Liniment of Aloes and the Juice of Onyons or a Suppository of Hiera Picra with the Powder of Coloquintida Hony and Ox Gall or the Decoction of River Crabs in Oyl especially in case of a notable Inflammation or Heat or a Cataplasin of Pigeons Dung with Staves-acre-seeds or the Juice of Nettles mix'd with boyl'd stale Urine scum'd and Rose-water or if the Anus itch Juice of Lemons or Vinegar of Roses All these Ingredients ought to be put into a leaden Mortar till they 're discolour'd But the most effectual way of opening dry Piles is the Application of Leeches If they creep into the Gut a Clyster of Salt-water will fetch 'em out Internally the same design is promoted by resinous Purgatives especially Aloe with Myrrh or Elixir Proprietatis If the Piles flow too copiously they ought to be curb'd which was our second Indication For this purpose tosted Rhubarb Tamarinds the Conserve and Syrup of Oak-buds the Decoction of Mastic Wood Syrup of dry Roses a common but very effectual Remedy the Syrups and Juices of Purslain and Quinces Juice of stinging Nettles given to two or three ounces the Decoction of Burnet dead Mens Bones in Powder Sea-horse Tooth and especially the Juice and Syrup of the Ordure of an Ass are very proper Chalybeat Medicines which encounter the Hypocondriac acid and become as it were Vitriolic are consequently admirably fitted for this purpose Such are the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol or that call'd Tinctura Antiphthisica or that of the Vitriol of Steel A dram of the Pills of Bdellium is likewise a very proper and effectual Remedy Venice Treacle and Narcotics are universally known and us'd Take of Plantan and Purslain water of each an ounce and a half Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol a dram and a half Laudanum Opiatum four grains Syrup of Coral six grains Make a Potion External Repellents are Frankincense and Myrrh or Pitch for Fumigation the Spunge call'd Crepitus Lupi the compound Powder of Cork and Mummy the Powder of burnt Toads or of Land Frogs the fat that drops from a rosted Ele a Liniment of Soot yelks of Eggs and Spiders Webs Bags quilted with bruis'd Wallnuts and Oaken Leaves and soak'd in Vinegar all applied to the Fundament A Girdle of the Leaves of white Hellebor sew'd in a Clout with the Powder of Oak bark is of excellent use Dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol beaten up with the Juice of Plantan the Ointment of Litharge and Tutty mix'd with the Ashes of Oysters are useful Liniments Blooding is of no use excepting the case of a Suppression The third Indication is to discuss the dry Piles and allay the Pain The Specifics for this purpose are the Infusion of the Apple of Jerusalem in Oyl of sweet Almonds for external application the Decoction of Mullen and Elder-flowers in Milk or Mullen-flowers and Henbane-seeds in Water for Fomentation or Cataplasms of their Leaves and Flowers and the Leaves of Purslain boyl'd in Milk Decoctions of the Leaves and Flowers of Toad-flax and the Flowers of Chamomil in Milk for Fomentation Or Take of Toad-flax two handfuls Henbane-leaves half a handful Oyl of Roses Oyl of Mullein of each three ounces fresh Butter five ounces
mix'd with Camphyr and the Waters of the Flowers of Beans Solomon's Seal and Frog's-spawn or an Ointment made of Pepper Ginger Brimstone and Vngentum Pomatum In desperat Cases we must have recourse to Mercurial Compositions If the Skin be discolour'd by the Heat of the Sun Pushes Pimples or otherwise its natural Colour may be retriev'd by applying the Juice of Citrons or Vinegar impregnated with the Flowers of Beans Solomon's Seal Jasmin and white Lilly Flowers The Spirit of Wine Camphoris'd the Essence of Benzoin mix'd with fair Water are also recommended As also Powders made of dry'd Venice Soap white Poppy-seeds Starch Lupins Florentin Orris Magistery of Marcasite Mosch and Zivet or of Briony and Cuckow-pint Roots with Sugar of Lead and sweet Mercury which are mix'd with the Waters of Figwort-roots white Lillies Solomon's Seal Flowers of Beans and Roses and so applyed in the form of a Calaptasm Some mightily covet the Oyl of Talk as an admirable Cosmetic but since 't is not to be had genuin the Oyl of Tartar per Deliquium will supply its room The Decoction of Sublimat Mercury in common Water the water being boyl'd till the Acrimony be quite extinguish'd and than mix'd with Cerues and after a fresh gentle boyling clarify'd with the white of an Egg is a Wash of infinite use in Counterfeiting Colours The Mange or Scurf that frequently besets the heads of those who are lyable to the Scurvy French-Pox or Leprosie seems to arise from an Acid ingag'd in a viscid Vehicle that stagnats upon the out-Parts and shuts the Pores It is cur'd internally as the Scab Externally let the Head be frequently wash'd with the Decoction of the Herbs Southernwood Betony Celandin Soapwort Mallows the Roots of Marsh-mallows sharp pointed Dock and Burdock Pease Bay-berries and Coloquintida Let these Ingredients be boyl'd in Lye and reserve the strain'd Liquor as a wash for the Head Before we conclude this Chapter 't will not be improper to take notice of the sheding or off-falling of the Hairs which is remedy'd by washing with the Decoction of Rosemary Southernwood Hony Myrtle Berries Linseed and Oyl of sweet Almonds in Wine The Ingredients being first infus'd for twenty four hours and then boyl'd till the Moisture be consum'd and the remaining Juice express'd for use If the Hairs are gray we may indeavour to change their Colour by combing with a Leaden Comb wet with Aqua Fortis in which Silver is dissolv'd it being qualify'd with common Water Some commend the Ointment of Tobacco sharpen'd with Oyl of Bricks for an Universal Alopecia and exhibit inwardly the Essence and Decoction of Woods with Chalybeats SECT XVIII Of Diseases hindring the regular Reflux of the Blood to the Heart THERE are three Cases in which the regular return of Blood to the Heart is hinder'd 1. In Inflammations when the Blood stagnats in its Vessels 2. In Empyema's when the Blood is extravasated and lodg'd in some Cavity within the Body 3. In Haemorrhogia's or external Bleedings CHAP. I. Of Inflammations INflammations are occasion'd by the stagnation of the Blood in any part viz. When the Quantity imported is larger than what returns by the Veins The Symptoms attending 'em are 1. A Redness 2. A Heat 3. A Swelling and 4. Pain which is either accompany'd with a sense of the distention of the Fibres and Nervous Parts or a beating as arising from the rebounding of the Blood when disappointed of its Passage or a pricking as caus'd by the sharp Salts when strugling and tending to suppuration Now that stagnating Blood is apt to produce those effects is too plain to need a Proof The remote Causes which promote this Stagnation are either External or Internal The former are the occasional Compression Contusion or Distortion of the Vessels Pains or the shrinking and contraction of the Nervous Fibres and consequently of the Capillary Vessels as in Arthritic Pains and the Tooth-ach or when a Thorn or Wasp stings the Part. The internal Causes relate either to the general Disposition of the Blood Or the Infirmity of a particular Part. Those of the first sort are the thickness and viscidity of the Blood or its being Clotted by a prevailing Acid. Hence the infusion of an Acid Liquor into a Dog's Vein redundancy of Blood and the inconsiderat assumption of cold Liquors or exposing ones self to the cold after hot Exercises are apt to produce Inflammations Nay the Blood of Pleuritic Persons is visibly clotted when let forth and all the Medicines both internal and external that are recomended for Inflammations are such as dissolve or attenuat the thicken'd Blood and drink in the Acid. The Causes relating to a Particular part that is frequently more lyable to Inflammations than its other Companions are the weakness of the Innate Spirit of the Part the Relaxation Distention or disorder of its Fibres and the hidden remains of an Acid all owing to preceding Inflammations especially if they degenerat into Ulcers If the Acid be very prevalent the humor hardens and becomes a Schirrus not far distant from a Cancer If the Volatil Alkali and the Acid be more equally match'd they ferment together and combine into a salin purulent matter that discharges it self by an Ulcer If the stagnation be so great that small quantities of Blood cannot Pass and the innate Spirit of the Part cannot Correspond with the Animal Spirits the Blood corrupts and Causes a Gangreen If the Alcali of the Blood be more vigorous and powerful than the Acid it unlocks the Blood and discusses the Inflammation If an Inflammation happen in a temperat Season to young healthy People and settle only in a fleshy Part it is less dangerous than if it siez'd a Nervous Part or attack'd Cachectic old Persons For the most part all Inflammations are acute and accompanied by a Feaver As for the Cure of Inflammations Purging is pernicious Perhaps upon the account of the Feaver a gentle Laxative may be allow'd Or if the Belly be Costive a Clyster of Whey and Hony may be injected Bleeding is very proper espicially in the Beginning as well by way of Revulsion in the opposit side to the part affected as by way of Aversion in the same side at some distance and by way of Derivation just by it But we ought to be cautious of not over-doing and weakening the Patient or of being mis-led by the Practices of some in hotter Climats that cannot be look'd upon as precedents in ours What remains of the internal Cure is admirably accounted for by administring Volatil Sudorifics that unlock and attenuat the Blood and Absorbent Powders that inbibe the Acid. Of the former sort are the Spirits of Sal-Armoniac volatil Salt of Harts-horn Venice Treacle the Spirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd and especially the Spirit Essence Syrup or Water of Elder Flowers To all which we frequently add Laudanum Opiatum especially if unquietness thuart the design of Sweating The Absorbents are Harts-horn Ivory Unicorns-horn Diaphoretic Antimony Mineral Bezoar and
Ounce of Cinnamom infuse them in Wine whereof take a good draught Morning and Evening before Meals Spaw-waters drunk are very profitable Together with these you must use the volatil bitter Aromatics especially such as are also specific Movers of the Terms as well internal as external such as Rosemary Calamint Chervil Lovage Fever-few Lesser Centory Horehound Savine Wall-flowers Flowers of Marygold and Lavender Seeds abounding with a volatil Salt or of a sharp Aromatic Taste as those of Rocket Cresses Fennel Anise c. Juniper and Bay-beries Roots of Angelica Fennel Sea-holly Briony Madder round-rooted Birthwort Gentian Elecampane c. Also Mugwort Baum Gentian Cinnamom Cassia Lignea Galangal Nutmegs Cardamoms Myrrh and its Essence Elixir Proprietatis compound Tincture of Tartar all Preparations of Myrrh Gums Coloquintida Castor Saffron Milt of an Ox Borace alcalin Salts rather volatil than fix'd Also Mynsicht's Arcanum Duplicatum c. Of which almost an infinity of Prescriptions may be made We shall single out only a few for example sake As Take four Ounces of Nutmegs and mix 'em well with twelve Ounces of fine Sugar and take the bigness of a Walnut Morning and Evening Or Take two Drams of Castor volatil Salt of Amber and Hartshorn of each a Dram infuse them in a sufficient quantity of Spirit of Wine diluted with Cinnamom-water in a warm place in a close Vessel till the Tincture is drawn of which give a Dram. Take Zwelfer's Tincture of Vitriol of Steel or its Solution with Spirit of Wine two Drams Essence of Castor and Saffron of each a Dram. Dose from forty to sixty Drops twice or thrice a day in some hot Liquor But withal let the Patient moderatly exercise her self Take Solution of Steel with Juice of Apples compound Essence of an Ox's Milt and that of Savine of each two Drams Or Take Essence of Castor two Drams Quintessence of Rosemary Spirit of Sal Armoniac with Amber of each one Dram. Or Take Borace a Dram Myrrh half a Dram Saffron fifteen Grains Make a Pouder for three Doses Or Take Mynsicht's Arcanum Duplicatum four Scruples Castor half a Dram Myrrh a Scruple Saffron half a Scruple Make a Pouder for four Doses For a Vehicle to such Pouders take a Spoonful of this Mixture Take Mugwort-water two Ounces Cinnamom-water one Ounce Essence of an Ox's Milt three Drams Essence of Castor a Dram Syrup of Canel six Drams If the Suppression of the Terms be from the default of the Womb the obstructed Vessels are to be opened by volatil penetrating Medicines mix'd with Sudorifics Sometimes manual Operation is requir'd If by a sudden Cold or other such Cause the flowing Courses are stopp'd let Blood at the Saphaena and then let volatil oily Aromatics be given which with a soft breathing Sweat will restore the natural Motion of the Blood such are Spirit of Sal Armoniac and the volatil oily Salts Sperma Ceti may be given to a Dram with Castor in hot Ale also some fix'd Salt as that of Wormwood or Savine If a grievous Pain molest the Womb the Decoction of Chamomile with the other foremention'd Ingredients may be given inwardly and what remains after straining may be apply'd to the Groin in form of a Cataplasm But if from a sudden Fear Anger or such like the Flux is restrain'd first open a Vein in the Foot then give the Spirit of Sal Armoniac twice or thrice a day Or Take of the Decoction of Chamomile-flowers three Ounces to which add of simple Oxymel one or two Ounces To these internal Remedies externals may be added such as Fomentations Baths Tumigations c. They are us'd after opening a Vein in the Arm at what time the Courses are expected They are prepared of common emollient or proper Aromatic Ingredients such as Savine Feverfew Mugwort c. As Take Leaves of Mugwort Pennvroal Wild-time of each two handfuls Savine Flowers of Chamomile white Lillies of each a handful Roots of Marshmallows round-rooted Birthwort Madder of each two Ounces Roots of Angelica an Ounce Juniper and Bayberries of each six Drams Salt of Tartar six Ounces Mix them for a Bath Or Take Leaves of Savine half a handful Myrrh two Drams Wood of Aloes a Dram Troches Alhandal a Dram Make a gross Pouder to be thrown on burning Coals that the Smoak may be received by the Womb. The Antients also gave Pessaries among which that made of the Gall of a Bull mix'd with the Juice of Mercury wherein Coloquintida has been boil'd is not unprofitable Garlick also and its heads beaten with the Oil of Spike may be used to this purpose If the Evil is very stubborn we are sometimes forc'd to use Cantharides both inwardly and outwardly CHAP. II. Of the immoderat Flux of the Terms IF the Courses flow oftner or in greater quantities than they ought naturally to do 't is call'd an immoderat Flux of the Terms In those who labour of this Distemper we may observe three things 1. The strength of the Stomach is impaired with dejection of Appetite 2. They feel for the most part a stretching and tearing pain in the Back about the Loyns 3. Those who are scorbutic abounding with a volatil Acid are for the most part subject to it The Causes respect either the Womb or Blood Sometimes the former loses its due firmness or tone and dos not sufficiently strengthen and extend its Vessels sometimes the Orifices of these Vessels are over-dilated or broke open by force as by over-straining ones self in taking up great Weights hard Labour Sneezing Vomiting c. But most frequently the Cause is in the Blood either when it is too waterish or when its Serum dos too much abound with a saltish Acidity or Acrimony or finally when it is too much moved and heated by venereal Rage Exercise Joy Anger use of strong Liquors Aromatics or too hot a Season c. If the evacuated Blood is thin of a florid and brisk Colour or if when receiv'd on a Linen Cloth it discovers a pale Circle the Serosity of the Blood is the Cause but if the Patient perceives a gnawing biting itching Pain twitching as it were the Genitals with a desire of Evacuation then the Acrimony of the Serum offends But if the voided Blood easily clots is of the natural Colour being somewhat obscure and if withal the Cheeks are ruddy Veins swollen the Pulse great quick and frequent then the fault lies in the over-heating or fermentative irritation of the Blood This Evil is dangerous if of long continuance inferring Weakness Indigestion Cachexy swelling of the Feet Dropsy the Whites and if the Patient is in years it is for the most part incurable In the Cure we must indeavour three things 1. Either to diminish the Blood by Fasting Labour or Blood-letting or to alter it with Wormwood Rhubarb c. or allay its Fervour and Fermentation by Plantain Purslain and mild Acids 2. To check its Fluidity with things that thicken and allay its sharp Serosity with
not so easily diluted as otherwise This Salt is of an Alcalin nature contrary to that which causes immoderat Hunger The privative cause is the Defect of Saliva whose Office 't is to water those parts and dilute the Salts The remote external Causes are Purging Medicines Pepper Salt Spices Arsenic sublimat Mercury talking loud sleeping with the Mouth open c. The internal remote Causes are the prevalency of a bitter Oyl in the Choler depraving the Lymph an Oyly sharpness in the Saliva occasion'd by Catarrhs extravasation of Serum or Scorbutic glutinous Lymph the Deficiency Glutinosity and Saltish sharpness of the Saliva as in Feavers Phthisicks Hectics c. To which we may add the disorder diversion or paucity of the Spirits which hinder the due secretion of the Spittle as in the Instances of Weakness Fatigue Anger Pain c. The heat of the Blood in the Lungs and dejection of the Appetit in the Stomac have likewise a great hand in causing Thirst Sometimes Thirst is attended by a Feaverish heat at other times it is quite free of it as in Scorbutic Hydropic and Catarrhous cases In general a sudden Thirst without any visible cause prognosticates some Disease or other If the Tongue be dry the Mouth beset with a tough Phlegm and the Body oppress'd with heat and yet the Person be insensible of Thirst 't is an Argument of a Delirium or great disorder among the Animal Spirits or of the stupidity of the Tongue and adjacent parts and is justly look'd upon as a malignant Symtom If in drinking the Liquor makes a noise as it falls into the Stomac it is an Argument of the Disorder of the Stomac In Feavers it disappears together with them But in Chronical Distempers 't is not so easily shaken off As for the method of Cure the irritating Cause must be first remov'd by Medicines vary'd according to its Nature Such are partly austere Acids partly temperat Medicineâ— which correct the sharp or urinous or oyly or saline Particles The Acids are Wood-sorrel Prunes Citrons Quinces Oranges Pomgranates Rasberries Barberries Corants Cherries and all their Juices and especially Tamarinds which not only abate the Thirst but open the Body The Juice of Houseleek Vinegar Strawberry-water Tinctures of Roses of Viclets and of Dasies Cream of Tartar Spirits of Vitriol of Sulphur of Salt or the Spirit distill'd from equal Quantities of Sulphur Antimony and Vitriol drop'd into the ordinary Drink The temperate Remedies are Milk Whey clarify'd with Citrons Emulsions of Seeds Raisins Liquorice e. The second Indication of Cure is to augment the quantity of Serum and Spittle by exhibiting Liquids alter'd with Wine or Cinnamom or mix'd with acid Spirits Simple cold Water tho' commonly us'd is very noxious Besides 't is not convenient to throw in too large quantities of Liquors for fear of loading the Stomac therefore Gargles and Mucilages applied to the Tongue and Throat will not be improper As for the Forms of Recipe's these following will suffice Take of the Decoction of the Leaves and Roots of Wood-sorrel one Pound fresh Juice of Wood-sorrel three Ounces Syrup of Bay-berries and Pomgranats of each six Drams Mix them Take of the Decoction of Barly one Pound Juices of Citrons and of Quinces of each two Ounces Tinctures of the Flowers of Dasies and Roses of each two Drams Syrup of the Juice of Citrons an Ounce and a half Spirit of Salt as much as sufficeth Make a Julep Take of the Flowers of Dasies six Drams sprinkle 'em with Spirit of Sulphur and infuse 'em in two Pound of Barly-water till it extract a Tincture strain the Liquor and add three Ounces of the Syrup of Rasberries Take of Tamarinds two Ounces bruis'd small Raisins an Ounce and a half boil them in Water and infuse in the strain'd Liquor while 't is yet hot an Ounce of fresh Citron-peel When 't is cold strain it out and add half an Ounce of the Tincture of Roses Make a Julep Take of Barly-water a Pound and a half Cinnamom-water an Ounce purify'd Nitre or Nitrum Antimoniatum from a Dram to a Dram and a half Mix them for a Potion This and all Nitrous Potions are proper for such as do not agree with Acids In Scorbutic Phthysical and Hydropic Cases the Saltness of the Lymph and Spittle is admirably corrected by Whey mix'd with Juice of Citrons or with the Juices of Scurvy-grass and Wood-sorrel Spirits of Salt and of Nitre are likewise very proper Emulsions prepar'd from the cooling and milky Seeds and the Decoction of China with Raisins and Liquorice are likewise conducive to the same purpose Acids in this case are improper But Liquorice and Fennel-Seeds boil'd are much approv'd As Take of Barly a handful small Raisins bruis'd an ounce and a half Anniseeds Fennel seeds of each a Dram and a half Liquorice-roots six Drams Boyl them in fair Water till the fourth part be consum'd adding towards the end a Dram and a half of Cinnamon Strain out the Liquor of which the Patient may drink at pleasure Gargles of Water Small-beer or Water impregnated with Nitre or the Juice of Houseleek or Mucilages of Quince-seeds Fleawort-seeds c. extracted with Rose-water or Phlegm of Vitriol and mix'd with the Juice of Houseleek applied to the Tongue and held in the Mouth are very useful especially when the Tongue is black dry and rough Some healthy Persons are molested with Thirst every Morning for whom Wormwood-wine is very proper Others are thirsty thro' Labour Fatigue and Exercise for whom the Spirit of Wine is very convenient SECT III. Of the Diseases relating to the Chewing Faculty HAVING dispatch'd the Disorders of the Appetit which is the first Spring of Nourishment I am now arriv'd at the manner of receiving Food It is first receiv'd by the Mouth Chew'd and impregnated with Spittle which being of a fermentative Nature not unlike that of the ferment in the Stomach predisposes and prepares it for Digestion Now if the Power of Chewing be deficient or disorder'd 't is neither impregnated with Spittle nor cut small so as to be fit for Digestion The Disorders of this Nature are such as respect either the Muscles imploy'd in that Motion the Jaw-bones or the Teeth Of these in order CHAP. I. Of the Contorsion of the Muscles of the Mouth or a Dog Cramp THE Temporal Muscles and those common to the Cheeks and Lips are the Instruments which move the under Jaw-bone in order to joyn it with the upper in the Act of Chewing If they are seiz'd with Convulsions or Cramps the under Jaw-bone is inseparably united to the upper if they be Paralytic it falls down by its own weight and they are not able to fetch it up But these Cramps and Palsies never happen but when the whole Body is equally affected and then they yield to the general Cure If one part or side of these Muscles be seiz'd with Convulsions or Palsy while the other is sound the Mouth stands awry inclining
Gangrene of the Guts causes a retraction of the Yard and Testicles and it always ends in Death If the Disease proceed from a Rupture let sharp Antimonial Clysters be injected and the Intestines reinstated in their proper Places If it proceed from an Ulcer emollient laxative things are only to be us'd As for outward Applications 't is usual to anoint the Belly with Distill'd Oyl of Chamomil mix'd with the fat of Geese or Ducks for softening the Excrements or mix'd with Oyntment of Soubread and Oyl of Coloquyntida for provoking to Stool Cow dung applied to the Belly is sometimes very effectual for mitigating the Pains Some recommend the hot Caul of a gelded Lamb others the Blood of Bats or the castcoals of Serpents boyl'd with Oyl of Roses for External Application Cataplasms of sheeps dung boyl'd with milk or rotten Apples with Saffron or Baths of the Decoction of Chamomil and Melilot-flowers and Juniperberries are proper for the same purpose CHAP. II. Of the Diseases which Inlarge the Quantity of Excrements voided by Stool ART I. Of a Looseness WHen the Excrements are more frequently or copiously vomited than they ought to be we call it a Diarrhaea or Looseness which varies according to the Color and consistence of the Excrements it discharges If it be a critical Looseness caus'd by the Translation of Morbific Matter or suppression of some wonted Evacuation change of Season or Diet c. 't is of no great importance That which we have now before us is a preternatural Looseness which is sometimes malignant and contagious attended by cold Sweats great Anxiety and propagating it self by the Breath Sometimes more Benign Sometimes it comes alone at other times 't is the Symptom of some other Disease of which nature are the Loosenesses which attend the Beginning or Increase of Malignant Fevers or those peculiar to Phthisical consumptive Persons which we style Melting by reason that they drain the nourishing Juice Sometimes we meet with Periodical Loosenesses especially among Cacochymical Persons which return every Quarter of a Year Month c. The Radical Subject of a Looseness is the Mass of Blood which deposits it Recrements either in the Form of Serum thro the Glands of the Guts or in that of Gall or Pancreatic Juice not that it is actually stuff'd with so much Filth as is evacuated but it degenerates and corrupts as the Looseness advances If the Bilious Particles prevail and give the Excrements an high Tincture 't is call'd a Bilious Diarrhaea If the Pancreatic Juice or Serum 't is entitled Serous If Gross Viscid Indigested Humors be voided without any notable Tincture 't is a Pituitous Looseness The Cause of Loosenesses is a sharp Volatil Humor sometimes Acid sometimes Alcalin that either irritates the Guts or ferments with the Natural Acid of the Blood melting down its Mass into Serum much after the manner of Artificial Purgatives This Humor is an Enemy to the Acid of the Stomac and always depresses its Appetit Nay oft-times a deprav'd Acid in the Stomac is the occasional cause of a Looseness Hence whatever weakens the Ferment of the Stomac promotes the other and what cures the other fortifies the Stomac Sometimes the Internal Corruption of the Humors independent of the Stomac occasions it which frequently molests such as are of a thick Texture and unfit for a free Transpiration by reason that the Serum not finding an easy Passage on the Surface of the Body retires to the Intestines to procure a vent Melting Consumptive and Habitual Loosenesses proceed from the Deficiency of the Acid in the Stomac and Acrimony of the Bile imparted to the Chyle All Corruptible things or such as are apt to ferment do of course dispose the Humors to a Looseness The Signs are a Loathing and Dejection of Appetit immoderat Thirst Weakness Suppression of Sweat and Urine a Noise and some sort of Griping in the Guts immediatly before going to stool If it come to a great height 't is attended by Anxieties of the Breast Swoonings and Cold Sweats especially upon the Forehead If a Looseness accompany Spotted Feavers or invade the Person in the Beginning of an Acute Feaver 't is very dangerous by reason that it weakens the Patient disturbs the Concoction and Separation of the Febril Matter and is the Effect of the Feaverish Colliquation and upon that account ought always to be stopp'd or at least curb'd If a Looseness be follow'd by Vomiting 't is a good sign In a word 't is accounted dangerous or favourable according as the Stomac is in good or bad case If the Excrements be much degenerat from their natural condition as very gross white green or Saffron colour'd If frothy gluy pale slippery and scantly Especially if they be black rusty fat livid or foetid they portend danger If the Patient begin to void large quantities of Urin and sweat plentifully we look upon the Looseness as Declining If a melting Looseness follow Acute Feavers Consumptions Phthisics Hectics c. 't is very dangerous A Critical Looseness ought not to be stopp'd unless it exceed Bounds Symptomatical and Epidemical Loosnesses are those which require the greatest attention The Indications of Cure with relation to them are these following 1. The sharp Ferment ought to be curb'd by moderat and thickening Medicines 2. The Blood ought to be purify'd by Sudorifics 3. The Irritating Cause temper'd by Absorbents 3. The Fury of the Spirits and Sense of Irritation abated by Opiats 5. The Corrupt Humors gently evacuated 6. The Stomac ought to be restor'd to its due strength and vigour In order to obtain these Ends let 's take notice of the following Remarks 1. 'T is impossible to cure a Looseness without having regard to the Stomac Therefore let Wine and the Preparations of Wormwoad Mint Quinces Cinnamom c. and the External Fomentations and Inunctions recommended above be us'd in this Case Let all Cold Drinks be prohibited and as little of any Liquor allow'd as possibly can be done 2. All Purgatives are improper against Symptomatical and malignant Loosenesses They ought rather to be appeas'd than provok'd 3. In all Malignant Contagious Epidemical Loosenesses Alexioharmacal Ingredients such as Spirit of Venice Treacle Bezoardic Tincture with Opium seal'd Earth fix'd Antimonial Preparations c. are much the best If the Looseness proceed only from an Irritation of the Guts they are not so needful 4. 'T is not proper to purge in the beginning of any Looseness whatsoever The best way is either to suffer it to go on a little if it do not exceed measure or first to check the Boyling Humors and then if need be to wash off the Dregs with Rhubarb and Tamarinds or Gentle Clysters 5. If a Loathing Giddiness Anxiety of the Breast and Disorders of the Stomac accompany a Looseness in the beginning let a Vomit be exhibited 6. Astringents as such are not properly any part of the Cure of a Looseness After the Cure of a tedious Looseness is finish'd they
Electuary made of Hony Elecampane Roots Sage and Water Germander-leaves Or Take of Scabious Water three ounces the Asthmatical Water six drams Spirit of Sal-armoniac Anisated a dram and a half Syrup of Hyssop and Syrup of Hedg Mustard of each six drams Mix for a Potion Take of the Clarify'd Juice of Coleworts two ounces Powder of Cuckowpint Roots a dram With Oxymel of Squills make an Electuary ART III. Of a Cough A Cough is a frequent and interrupted Exspiration or Convulsion of the Middriff and Muscles of the Breast attended by a Constriction of the Wind Pipe without which 't would make no Noise The Immediat cause is the Irritation and Provocation of the Wind Pipe or Lungs or of the Muscles Dedicated for Respiration This may proceed either from an irritating matter Seated directly in these places Or from a foreign Cause conveying its Influence by the Commerce of the Nerves and creating a Convulsive dry Cough such as Hypochondriac and Hysteric Persons or those in whose Bodies an Acid prevails are very liable to But we shall confine our thoughts to that which proceeds from the immediat Influence of some material cause And in order to form a distinct Idaea of it shall consider both its External and Internal Causes supposing still that the distinction of a dry and wet Cough is minded and understood The External Causes are acid mineral fumes sharp liquors hard Food and an Intemperat Air. The acid fumes and sharp particles of Air tickle the Wind Pipe and Pituitous Membran that lines the Palat and by influencing the Nerves of the Muscles of the Breast which spring from the same branch of the Intercostal Nerve as those of the Wind Pipe occasion the Contraction of the Breast and Expulsion pulsion of what it contains In like manner sharp liquors or grating Food by tickling that part of the Gullet which immediatly joyns the Wind Pipe produce the same effect Now this Irritation at the first occasions a dry Cough and squeezes only a thin serum from the Contracted Glandules But if it continue long the parts are inflam'd or corroded and their Nourishment degenerats into a slimy thick matter which Christeus it a wet Cough The Ancients imagin'd that this matter either Distill'd from the Head or was deposited in the Lungs by the Blood but they were mistaken since this vicious matter is rather the effect than the cause of a Cough The Internal causes relating to a wet Cough are seated either in the Wind Pipe and Lungs or in the Gullet and Stomac Those in the Wind Pipe and Lungs are the sharpness of the serum deposited by the Blood Ulcers Imposthumes Inflammations Morbifical matter transfer'd thither in the Declension of Acute Diseases Stagnation of Blood in the Lungs and the suppuration of a Pleurisy Empyema or Peripueumonia Now all these causes occasion the Collection of Irritating humors and convert the Nutritious Juice of the parts into a thick sordid purulent matter Nay sometimes carry the Curruption so high that pieces of the very Lungs and Veins Worms Stones c. are cast up The Internal causes of a wet Cough relating to the Stomac are a defluxion of a viscid Lymph from the hinder Membrana Pituitaria into the Stomac or Indigested Crudities collected about its upper Orifice but especially the first This Lymph falling from the Membran into the Stomac gave occasion to the Error of the Ancients in refering such Catarrhs to the Head When it irritates the Stomac especially those parts which joyn the Wind Pipe and Middriff it occasions their Constriction which seldom ceases till some part of the offending matter be cast up These Coughs proceeding from the Stomac are more frequent than those from the Breast from whence we may discover the mistake of those who fancy'd that the matter cast up by Coughing came always from the Lungs The Internal cause of a dry Cough is the sharpness of the Lymph watring the Throat and separated by its Glandules for that purpose occasion'd by a weak Digestion or Crudity of the Chyle in the Mass of Blood Sometimes a thin salin humor provoking the upper Orifice of the Stomac doth likewise cause a vehement dry Cough as the Chin Cough of Children But if the humor or Lymph become thick it degenerats into a wet one In the Paroxysms of Intermitting Feavers we frequently meet with dry Coughs that proceed from a vicious fermentation of the humors in the Duodenum irritating the Stomac and consequently the Middriff and Wind Pipe Preternatural Excrescences in the Lungs and Organs of Respiration may be also listed among the causes of dry Coughs As for the Diagnostics of Coughs A wet Cough is known by the viscous matter it brings up as a dry one by its small quantity of thin serum As for wet Coughs a superficial sound easy Respiration and the high seat of the Pain discover their Original from the Wind Pipe as a difficult Respiration or an aptness to Cough upon a large Inspiration a hollow hoarse sound follow'd immediatly by evacuation night Feavers and Phthisical Symptoms refer 'em to the Lungs But a pain and weight under the pit of the Breast attended sometimes by a difficult Respiration and Vomiting of Phlegm a deep hollow sound with a tearing fierce Cough and Prostration of the Appetit ascribe 'em to the Stomac A dry Cough proceeding from sharp saltish Lymph relents in the Day time and towards evening reassumes its former force with a gentle shivering follow'd by a Violent Heat and Night Feavers Such are those that usher in the small Pox or Phthisics or follow the retreat of Curicular Eruptions in Children Their Nocturnal Exacerbations are common to all Lymphatic Diseases and are in some measure caus'd by the want of equal transpiration with that of the Day But these dry Coughs always become wet by continuance The Coughs that Old and Arthritic Persons are subject to seem to proceed from a weak Digestion in the Stomac where the crude viscid matter assembles and provokes the adjacent Wind Pipe and Middriff Sometimes Pectoral and Stomachical Moist and Convulsive Coughs are mutually Complicated Violent Inveterat Coughs threaten Ruptures or Miscarrying and promote infirmities of the Head and Eyes A stomachical Cough continuing long viriats the Lymph and Produces a Phthific as also the Nocturnal dry Coughs To Scorbutical or Hydropical Persons any Cough is an ill Omen The cure consists in allaying the Irritation and removing the offensive cause for which ends Opiats Vomits Thickening Attenuating and Vulnerary Med'cines are in use However for obtaining a distinct method of cure let the following directions be minded 1. Opium is not convenient in wet Coughs viz. Those attended by a viscid matter till the Universal Evacuations are premis'd A dry cough caus'd by External Air or Mineral steams is admirably cur'd by Laudanum Opiatum in the Beginning To which we add Sylvius's Pills of Storax The Decoction of Zedoary in Wine The Decoction of Raisins and Elecampane Roots in Wine Or of
correcting the viscidity or sharpness of the Lymph especially the saliva and pancreatic juice evacuating the crude Phlegm and Lymph thus prepar'd and mitigating the Symptoms If the Breast be oppress'd let a gentle Vomit be exhibited or a mild purgative As Take Mynsicht's emetic Tartar two or three grains purifi'd Sal-Armoniac eight grains Or Take of Ruffius's Pills de tribus fifteen grains fulminatory Gold three grains prepar'd Scammony Treches Alhandal of each a grain With compound Tincture of Tartar make Pills In the next place attenuating Diuretic Remedies are proper as dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt of excellent use against a Hectic dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre essential Salt of Tartar Sal-Armoniac Nitrum Antimoniatum Tartar vitriolated Terra foliata Tartari or its Liquor Tincture of Tartar Essence of Myrrh tartaris'd carminative Spirit Spirit of Sal-Armoniac anisated Poterius's Antihectic c. Take of purifi'd Sal-Armoniac half a dram Poterius's Antihectic a scruple make a Powder for two Doses one in the Morning and the other at Night before the Fit Nitrum Antimoniatum mix'd with an equal quantity of Sal-Armoniac or Arcanum duplicatum mix'd with diaphoretic Antimony or Sal-Armoniac mix'd with Galangal and Ginger are successfully us'd after the same method Take of Mint-Water and Fennel-Water of each an ounce and a half Spirit of Treacle two or three Drams dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt half a dram or a whole dram Poterius's Antihectic a scruple Syrup of Hyssop six or eight drams Mix for two Doses Let the Mouth be gargaris'd with small Beer and Hony of Roses or with Water Vinegar and purifi'd Nitre or the infusion of Holyhoc-flowers in Water with a little Spirit of Salt and a convenient Syrup The Feaver call'd Epiala in which the inward parts are oppress'd with heat while the external are cold is by some referr'd to this Head But 't is only a combination or rencounter of either a Continual and Intermitting or two Intermitting Feavers The Swoonings that sometimes attend both this and other sorts of Feavers are caus'd either by some viscious slime irritating the Mouth of the Stomac or some sharp rusty Humour lodg'd in it In the last case Unicorn's Horn or the Decoction of Tamarinds in Water are much approv'd But if a viscid windy Matter arise to them volatil spiritous Remedies are proper Tho' after all 't is worthy our consideration what Ballonius remarks upon this matter viz. That many Physicians are faulty in giving strong Cordials against swooning where purging were more proper Of Symptomatical slow Feavers These Feavers are frequently occasion'd by a preposterous use of Absorbents in Intermitting and Continual Feavers which fix the heterogeneous Particles and render the Chyle and Lymph viscid or by over-feeding in the declination of other Feavers while the digestive faculty is weak by which means the Chyle is loaded with Crudities They may likewise follow other Diseases proceeding from a viscous Acid. Their Symptoms are the same as above to which we may add that sometimes they are accompanied by a looseness or voiding of liquid pituitous Matter The Cure consists in tempering the saltish Acid attenuating the viscid Matter and procuring to it an egress by vomiting stool urine or sweat They sometimes proceed from Ulcers especially of the internal parts retention of the After-birth a dead Child in the Womb chronical Pains and are cur'd by removing the respective Cause by Medecins alotted to that purpose In general gentle Vomits and Purges are proper and in a word the whole series of Medicins prescrib'd for the independent Slow Feavers Sometimes such Feavers follow an unseasonable use of sudorific Decoctions against the Pox before the Body be evacuated and are cur'd by vomiting and the repeated use of Sal-Armoniac Of Hectic Feavers A Hectic is a Slow Feaver advancing insensibly If it be a principal independent Disease it proceeds from the Corruption of undigested Food in the Stomac immoderate fatigue sorrow watchings want over-liberal evacuations excessive Bathings c. Oft-times 'tis only a symptom of other Diseases and follows the irregular Cure of Continual and Intermitting Feavers Inflamations of the Bowels Lungs Mesentery Womb and Kidneys the French-Pox c. The Part affected is not the habit of the Body as the Ancients fancy'd but the mass of Blood and Lymph Hence the greatest heat is perceiv'd about the Arteries As for the independent Principal sort of Hectics the Stomac and digestive Faculty are the original seat of their cause The immediat cause is the indisposition and unequal texture of the Blood caus'd by the saltish sharpness of the Lymph in the conglobat Glandules and the viscosity of that in the Conglomerat From whence insue a deprav'd and diminish'd fermentation weakness weariness deficiency of Spirits and the whole train of Hectic Symptoms The salin and viscid Blood is render'd unfit for nourishing the parts and after eating when the thin readier part of the fresh Chyle dilutes the Blood and disengages its Salts the Pulse is a little enlarg'd and the Heat augmented and after some time sink again to their ordinary pitch And the coarse remains of the Chyle are frequently voided by Night-Sweats as having receiv'd a vicious Tincture in the Stomac from the Saliva and being upon that Account equally disagreeable to the Blood and solid parts As for the Remote Causes Fatigue and Labour Watchings and Care exhaust the Spirits and watery Vehicle of the Blood Anger exalts the Bilious Salt which joyning with the Acid acquires a saline Acrimony Grief and Sorrow increase the Acid which joyning to the urinous Salt becomes dull and unactive indigested Crudities in the Stomac or the want of Food occasion a stricter union between the Acid and urinous Salts and their mutual degeneracy into a third sharp saline Body Ulcers both internal and external corrupt the Blood by vertue of their salin sharp Matter continual and intermitting Feavers attended by plentiful Sweats exhaust the dewy watry part of the Blood or the unseasonable use of absorbent earthy Powders administred for their Cure destroys the Ferment of the Stomac and increases the Acrimony of the Blood Thus they all conspire to render the Blood and Lymph saltish or viscous There are three Essential Signs of a Hectic Feaver 1. An obscure insensible Heat increasing after eating 2. The successive Consumption of the Body 3. A swift frequent small weak and oft-times a hard Pulse To which we may add in some cases Night-Sweats the falling off of the Hairs an universal Weariness inward Heat and averseness to sleep in the morning If Ashy belchings precede the appearance of these Symptoms they serve for a confirmation In the beginning of the Disease the Urine resembles that of healthy Persons unless the Stomac be much deprav'd in which case 't is white pale and thick afterwards when the Appetit and Digestion are in a manner quite abolish'd it becomes thin transparent and high Colour'd and when 't is form'd into a perfect Consumption a fat oily Crust resembling Cobwebs swims on the Top. But we ought
will not be improper to Bath it with the Spirit of Wine and strong Waters as for astringent Fomentations I doubt they do more harm than good If the Vessels or Organs be broke we may add vulnerary Ingredients to the above mention'd Specifics If the difficulty of breathing be very troublesome 't is usual to give a dram of Sperma Caeti in Spanish Wine after vomiting If Hydropical Persons be extream thirsty we must be very cautious of pleasing them or answering their demands since abstinence from Drink is the better part of the Cure Nitre melted in the Mouth Wine temper'd with Juice of Citrons the dulcifi'd Spirit of Salt Vinegar diluted with Chalybeat Water and the Decoction of Juniper Berries in Whey given for ordinary drinking are of use for mitigating this Symptom In the mean while it will not be improper to inject Clysters of hydropical Purgatives and aromatic Ingredients or of Herrin-Pickle or of a Child's Urine impregnated with carminative Seeds in case of Wind or mix'd with Turpentin and Nitre Nor will it be amiss to apply discussive Aromatics to the soles of the Feet Belly and Cod. Such are the Leaves of Celandin the greater Bags quilted with aromatic Seeds and Bran Man's Ordure Goats Dung boil'd in Mint-Water or mix'd with Man's Urin in the form of a Cataplasm Horse's Dung mix'd after the same method with Meal of Barley and Vinegar Quick-lime-Water mix'd with Spirit of Wine is of excellent use for bathing the Legs Belly and Scrotum especially when a Gangrene is threaten'd by the appearance of Spots Cataplasms made of Cockles bruis'd together with their Shells and mix'd with Goats-Dung are particularly recommended by Thonerus If these Cataplasms prove uneasie they may be shifted for aromatic Oyls such as the Oyl of Scorpions distill'd Oyl of Juniper Oyl of Bays Oyl of Toads mix'd with the Ointments Agrippae Martiatum c. Or an Ointment made of Sulphur Quick-lime and the Extracts of sharp Plants Some commend Bathing but 't is only of use against Anasarca's It remains only to annex a few Recipe's for illustrating the Method of prescribing Take of the Extract of Elaterium fifteen or twenty grains Rosin of Jalap from two to five grains Troches Alhandal one or two grains distill'd Oyl of Juniper two drops With Essence of Wormwood make Pills for a Hydropical Purge To which we may premise the Tincture Spirit or Salt of Tartar as a Digestive Take of the Conserve of Peach-Flowers a dram twelve grains of Mercurius vitae mix'd with fifteen grains of sweet Mercury Extract of Elaterium a grain or two With the Syrup of Buckthorn make a Bolus for one Dose Take of the Rob of Juniper an Ounce and a half Extract of Steel prepar'd with Juice of Apples half an ounce Powder of Rhubarb two or three drams with Cinnamon-Water make an Electuary for corroborating the Stomac Take of Swallow-wort Roots two ounces Leaves of Celandin the greater Hore-hound and Wormwood of each a handful Citron and Orange-peel of each six drams Seeds of the Ash-tree of Cumin Fennel and Annis of each two or three drams Juniper Berries bruis'd an ounce and a half Galangal Cloves Ginger of each a dram Salt of Tartar six drams infuse them in Wine Of which let the Patient take a Draught frequently Take of the Salt of Vine-twigs or that of Pigeons Dung of each a dram Powder of Toads two scruples Make a Powder for two Doses Take of the carminative Spirit de tribus half an ounce Spirit of Sal-Armoniac two drams Mix. Dose half a dram twice a day Take of the Decoction of Camomil Flowers half a Pound Man's Urine three Ounces lenitive Electuary six drams distill'd Oyl of Turpentin a scruple Make a Clyster Take of the carminative Decoction six Ounces Man's Urine three ounces Yest a Dram common Salt a scruple Hony of Roses an ounce Make a Clyster Take of Cockles and their Shells bruis'd a Pound Powder of Caraway-Seeds two ounces Goats Dung an ounce Make a Cataplasm to be applied to the Belly and Cod. Take of the Ointment of Sowbread an Ounce Ointment of Agrippa half an ounce Oyl of Scorpions an Ounce and a half distill'd Oyl of Toads three drams Mix for a Liniment and anoint the Belly frequently ART 3. Of the Yellow Black and White Jaundice A Jaundice is a cachectic disposition of Body attended by a preternatural Colour of the Skin it is caus'd either by the corruption of the Chyle in the Stomac or its vicious fermentation with the Bile and Juice of the Pancreas in the Duodenum or by the immediat putrification of the Mass of Blood The first cause defiles the Mass of Blood and taints it with various Recrements according to the manner of its corruption Hence Milk curdled in the Stomacs of Children Summer-Fruits Cucumbers Fish c. being converted into a musty Crudity will cause a Jaundice by mixing the corrupt Chyle with the Blood which being unfit for nourishment or assimilation is thrown out in a serous Vehicle upon the Glandules of the Skin and sometimes upon internal Glandules The Jaundices which follow Feavers or extreme bleeding which are attended by vomiting of yellow corrupt Matter musty Belchings Heart-burnings and Excrements colour'd as in a healthy state seem to arise from this cause and are accordingly cur'd by Vomits and bitter stomachical Medicines The second Cause takes place when an Acid prevails and the Bile is lazy or unactive and either cannot make good its secretion through the Liver and consequently recoils into the Blood or when separated stagnates in the Gall-Bladder and settles into Stones so as to cause an Obstruction of the Passage Hence sulphureous strong Liquors that exalt the Oyl of the Bile and cramp its active Volatil Salt are frequently charg'd with causing a Jaundice Sometimes the Convulsions of the neighbouring Membranes may contract the Gall-Bladder and so shut up the Passage upon which account Vomiting Colic-pains Hysteric Passions and hard Labour in Child-bearing are observ'd to introduce this Disease The prevalency of an Acid in the Duodenum arising either from the austere Recrements of the Stomac or the degeneracy of the Juice of the Pancreas will also pervert the Chyle and consequently the Mass of Blood So that the greatest part of Jaundices are wholly owing to a preternatural corrupt Acid in the Stomac or Duodenum and the inactivity or imperfect distribution of the Chyle As for the third Cause viz. The immediat putrefication of the Mass of Blood 't is occasion'd by Poyson birings of Vipers or Mad Dogs malignant Ulcers suppression of the Terms the Scurvy c. And when a Jaundice springs from this cause the Stomac Bile and Colour of the Excrements continue in their natural state Now any of these three Causes will occasion a preternatural colour of the Skin which always attends the Jaundice For the Blood being vitiated and tinctur'd with corrupt Recrements precipitats and throws 'em out in a serous Vehicle upon the Skin where the miliar Glandules are
great Guts are only affected the Swelling appears in the sides of the Belly the Loins are infested with a weighty Pain the Symptoms are more remiss and bear downward If the Pain attending the Iflammation be suddenly extinguish'd it notifies a Gangrene For Cure let Clysters of Milk Hony and purifi'd Nitre be speedily injected let a Vein be open'd in the Arm oftner than once if there be occasion let a Caul of a Sheep kill'd in the very Room with the Patient be laid upon the Belly and if the Pain do not cease let it be shifted for fresh ones twice or thrice let the disâ—ill'd Oyl of Lead with Oyl of Roses be applied at other times and let the dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre with Laudanum Opiatum Sugar and Oyl of Lead and proper Sudorifics be internally administted The Inflammations of the Anus are caus'd by the suppression of the Piles excessive riding and such like external Causes The Symptoms are the same as those of Inflammations in general For Cure open a Vein in the Arm inject Clysters of emollient Ingredients boil'd in Milk or if these be insufficient of Lin-seed and Rape-seed Oyl and if the Excrements be harden'd add a dram of Sal Gem. If the Inflammation be so great that Clysters cannot be injected administer Raisins or such like gentle Laxatives for opening the Belly and gentle Sudorifics for promoting Sweat Externally apply the Decoction of Mint and Agrimony in Wine or Lime-Water or that of Mullein Flowers and Henbane Leaves in Whey or the mucilage of Quinces extracted with Houseleek-Water and mix'd with Sugar of Lead If the Inflammation was caus'd by the Contact of any sharp thing such as Paper cover'd with Pepper or Vitriol foment with the Decoctions of emollient Ingredients in Milk mix'd with the Whites of Eggs. If it cannot be discuss'd apply Rulandus's Balsam of Sulphur made of Sugar and the Oyl of Poppies and inject Clysters of Chalybeat Milk mix'd with Turpentine and Hony of Roses After ulceration apply Fulminatory Gold mix'd with the Oyl of Sweet-Almonds and exhibit internally vulnerary Decoctions ART 3. Of Inflammations of the Mesentery Sweet-bread and Caul THE Inflammations of the Mesentery proceed from the same Causes as all other Inflammations particularly from the critical translation of morbifical Matter into their Glandules from the unseasonable suppression of a Dysentery or from a rupture haling it out of its natural Seat The Signs are very obscure and uncertain by reason of the Mesentery's distance from the external surface and its open correspondence with the Nerves of other Parts which frequently obtrude the effect upon us under the notion of the principal Cause However the following Symptoms will give us some light into the matter viz. A sense of weight in the Belly especially when the Person turns himself in his Bed a gentle Heat towards the Navel a small Pain and a sort of distention and Heat under the Stomac and the serosity of the Excrements or their mixture with Chyle when the Stomac is not disorder'd 'T is distinguish'd from the Inflammations that the Navel is liable to by the remissness and dulfless of its Pain and invisibility of the Tumor or absence of apparent hardness If the remote Parts of the Mesentery are only inflam'd the Feaver that accompanies is but slow but if the Parts adjacent to the Guts be seiz'd the Feaver is acute the Symptoms much higher and the Guts share in the Inflammation When the Tumor suppurats the Feaver and other Symptoms are exalted and when it is ready to break a shivering and sometimes a shaking seizes the Person which are sometimes follow'd by the evacuation of purulent Matter by Stool or Urine These Inflammations are but slow-pac'd and require a long time before they come to maturity Their Symptoms are so obscure that they do not much trouble the Patient at first tho' by degenerating into Schirrus's or Ulcers throwing purulent Matter upon the Entrails they frequently cause Hectics Cachexies Gangrenes c. If the purulent Matter be cast into the Guts and voided by Stool It is distinguish'd from that of Imposthumes in the Guts by this difference viz. That from the Mesentery comes in a body mix'd with some Blood and without Pain whereas the other is squeez'd out by drops with violent Gripings and an Acute Feaver As for the Cure Since the Feaver and Symptoms are not Acute Bleeding is improper or if any be allow'd that of the Hemorhoid Veins is only convenient Purgatives are hurtful but emollient Clysters are of excellent use The better part of the Cure depends upon Discussing Sudorifics especially the Tincture and Spirit of Tartar the carminative Spirit the Essence of Steel the Essences of bitter Herbs such as Wormwood Centory Fumitory c. The Essence of Gum Ammoniac and Chalybeat Diaphoretics Externally we apply the Plaister of Gum Ammoniac with that of Hemlock providing it do not exasperate the Pain If it do we conclude that the Inflammation is become an Imposthume and the Plaister ought to be remov'd When the Imposthume breaks and the purulent Matter is voided by Urine it runs first plentifully and afterwards intermits nay oft-times the Urine it self is very plentiful and seems to precipitat a laudable Sediment to the bottom which is nothing else but the melting of the Humors of the Body and is justly look'd upon as a very bad Sign Now when we are appehensive of an Imposthume 't will be requisite to give Diuretics and Abstergents especially Turpentin dissolv'd with the Yelk of an Egg and mix'd with Chalybeats the Balsam of Peru Rhubarb the Decoctions of Sassafras China Liquorice and Jujubes and the Decoction of Agrimony St. John's Wort Cichory c. in Whey The Inflammations and subsequent Schirrus's and Imposthumes of the Sweet-bread are of the same nature as those of the Mesentery and equally apt to disguise themselves under the cover of Chronical Diseases that in effect owe their Birth to them The like may be said of those of the Caul Both the one and the other are Cur'd as those of the Mesentery or other Inflammations ART 4. Of Inflammations of the Internal Parts of the Breast and particularly of a Pleurisie and Peripneumonia THE Blood being expos'd to the influence of Air in the Lungs is apt to cause Inflammations in the adjacent Parts When the Lungs or both their sides are inflam'd we call it a Peripneumonia if the Pleura and only one side of the Lungs are affected 't is a Pleurisie Sometimes the Mediastinum Midriff and the backpart of the Breast or the Membranes of the Shoulders and Neck share of the Inflammation by turns The cause of such Inflammations is a vicious Acid which both provokes the Parts to Contractions and disposes the Blood for Curdling The remote Causes are cold Air or cold Drink after great Heats violent Motion excessive drinking of spirituous Liquors the suppression of the Terms or of a Dysentery which do's not radically differ from a Pleurisie a Malignant Constitution of
and its extravasation in the Cavities of the Body being already dispatch'd it remains now to account for its effusion out of the Body The causes of which are either 1. An Anastomosis or spontaneous dis-joining of the Capillary Vessels and especially of the Arteries whose Blood in all natural bleedings runs by drops as depending upon the successive Pulsation of the Artery whereas that of the Veins which for the most part never burst without a violent cause runs with a constant and united Stream 2. A Diaeresis or Breaches violently made in the Vessels by external cutting pricking or bruising Instruments by Coughing Neesing Vomiting or Crying by excessive Joy Grief and vehement Passions of the Mind especially in the flux of the Terms by the Assumption or Inspiration of sharp corrosive things Such as Hellebor violent Purgatives Suppositories c. and lastly by sharp corrosive Humors incorporated with the Blood which both fret the Blood and gnaw its Vessels especially in scorbutical Constitutions the Fibres of whose Vessels are lank and weak Some Authors assign yet a third Cause of Bleeding viz. A 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Transudation of the Blood thro' its Vessels but 't is not accountable that any Liquor so thick as Blood should sweat through the strong touch Coats of the Vessels especially those of the Arteries without a breach or Anastomosis 'T is true the thin Serum may glide thro' sometimes but the Consistence of the Blood robs it of that Priviledge The remote Causes of an Anastomosis are 1. A true Plethora or redundancy of Blood as in the suppression of the Terms c. 2. An apparent Plethora or the Ebullition of the Blood obliging it to distend its Vessels as in Feavers and the Small Pox or when Persons drink much Generous Wine or eat Aromatic Food or imploy themselves in any extraordinary exercise of the Body This ebullition is most apt to cause a bursting of the Vessels in fat Persons by reason that their Vessels are straiten'd by the incumbent Fat 3. The thinness and serosity of the Blood which at once unbends the Fibres and qualifies the Blood for making a Passage thro' ' em In this case the Blood when it runs out appears thin and pale whereas in other cases 't is brisk and florid This serosity of the Blood was by the Ancients charged to the Liver as being tardy in its Office of sanguification but as our later Anatomists have justly imploy'd the Liver for other uses so the imperfect Digestion in the Stomac and fermentation of the Chyle in the Duodenum will naturally account for the want of consistence in the Blood 4. The Convulsive Contractions of the Coats of the Vessels especially the Arteries which by straitening one Branch occasion the extraordinary distention of the next Thus splenetic Persons are liable to vomiting of Blood because the Artery in the Spleen denies a free admission to the Blood and the obstruction of the Blood in the Head is frequently remov'd by bleeding at Nose 5. The Convulsive Contraction of the Parts incompassing the Blood-Vessels which are apt to straiten the Vessels especially the Veins that are least able to resist their force Critical and customary effusions of Blood or such as follow the suppression of a wonted Evacution are not to be stopp'd without they exceed measure When a Bleeding is attended by a sensible pulsation of some adjacent Artery 't is a sign that it proceeds from the Compression or Contraction of that Artery Bleedings at Nose are usher'd in by a giddiness redness of the Eyes involuntary Tears tingling of the Ears itching of the Nose a hard Pulse a violent Pain and sensible pulsation of the Arteries in the Head and Neck A flux of Blood from the Wind-pipe is introduc'd by a Cough and difficult Respiration That from the Womb by the distention weight and heat of the Abdomen and Loins happening about the menstrual period and that from the Haemorrhoid Veins by a Pulsation in the Hypocondria Back and Loins and a Tumor and Pain in the Veins with a Tenesmus As for the Prognostic a Diaeresis is worse than an Anastomosis and Bleedings from external Causes are more favourable than those from internal In Melancholic and Phlegmatic Constitutions especially when the Bleeding renders the Face Limon-colour'd or is follow'd by Convulsions and Swoonings it prognosticates Dropsies Consumptions c. As for Cure The various causes must be remov'd by proper Medicines a Plethora by Bleeding Scarifying and a thin Diet The Ebullition of the Blood by such Medicines as temper a volatil Acid as Vinegar Spirit of Vitriol Nitre dissolv'd in Water the Tincture of the Flowers of Dasies the Sugar of Lead the Antiphthisical Tincture Coral seal'd Earth Purslain Plaintain Opium Camphyr c. The serosity of the Blood by thickening Ingredients and such as evacuate Serum either by Stool Urine or Sweat The Convulsive Contractions of the Blood-Vessels by Chalybeats The sharpness of Blood by temperat Medicines such as Milk Raisins Steel c. The Corrosion of the Vessels by vulnerary Astringents The Laxity of the Parts by corroborating things such as Ass-Dung the Ankle of a Hogg Crollius his Powder Sperniola Opium Steel c. However we ought to observe 1. That Bloodletting is only proper when the Blood abounds or boils too high and 't is better to bleed often for Revulsion Derivation and Aversion than to draw forth much at once Sometimes Ligatures and Cupping-Glasses applied at a convenient distance from the Part are not amiss 2. That Purgatives are only proper when the Blood is too serous and in that case especially if it be accompanyed by a Feaver Diaphoretics mix'd with Opiats are of good use as being apt to thicken the Blood after the Swelling is over tho' in the time of swearing they rather attenuate and dissolve it 3. Opiats are good in all Cases From these Premises we infer that the internal Medicines that are proper against Bleeding are the vulnerary Astringents absorbent Powders especially Steel which is both Astringent and Anti-acid to a notable Degree Diureticks and Purgatives in serous Cases and temperat Ingredients especially Raisins and Milk for mitigating the sharp Humours The Medicines which jointly answer these ends are either of the Vegetable Mineral or Animal Families Those of the Vegetable Province are Plantan Purslain the Syrups of Comfrey Ground-Ivy and Myrtle-berries the Syrup made of the Juice of the Root of Bastard Acorus with Sugar The fresh Juice of the common stinging Nettle given to two or three Ounces the Moss of Man's Skull given to a scruple or half a dram in the Water of Shepherds Purse with the Syrup of Coral Mastic Sarcocol Amber Frankincense Raisins Camphyr Opium and Rhubarb which not only evacuats the Serum but corrects the crasis of the Blood Dragon's Blood if it be Genuin is very proper but since 't is generally adulterated with some noxious stuff we ought to avoid it The Mineral Province presents us with Coral Bole Armenic Nitre
of Spirits From whence ensues the variety of the animal or sensitive Phaenomena's 2. That the Brain and Spirits have a peculiar dependance upon the Moon and upon that account the Diseases of the Head encrease or diminish in proportion to its Age. The Spirits when disorder'd are more sensible of this Influence than in their natural State 'T is true the Sun has some Ascendant over our Bodies but that properly relates to the vegetable and vital Functions the Animal Province being more peculiarly allotted to the Moon 3. That there is an admirable Sympathy betwixt the Brain and the Bowels especially the Stomac An ungrateful Imagination disturbs the Stomac and Vomiting and Giddiness do equally give rise to one another The Disorders of the Stomac and lower Belly have a visible Influence upon the Fancy as in the case of Hysteric or Hypocondriac Fits and the ridiculous Appetites of Women Helmont was very happy in this Observation and the practical Inferences he deduc'd from it but his Theoretic Conjectures are frivolous The reason why the Spirits and the Stomac do so sensibly affect one another seems to be this That the Mouth of the Stomac is the first part of all the Body that receives any sensible Impression in the Womb for so much as all Alterations in the Embryo must be produc'd by the Nourishment convey'd to the Stomac This establishes an early Correspondence betwixt it and the Spirits and lays the lasting Foundation of their future Intimacy 4. That the Spirits are liable to the same material Alterations with the Blood CHAP. I. Of immoderate Watchings WE are said to wake when the Spirits are distributed through the Organs of Sense and extend their Fibres On the contrary Sleep unbends the Fibres and imprisons the Spirits The Privation of which causes Disorders in the Body The immediate Cause of Watchfulness is a continued or violent Incursion of Spirits into the Organs of Sense The remote Cause barring some external Object must either be the Disorder of the animal Spirits or some defect in the Brain The Spirits are oft-times too nimble and moveable as in young People and such as feed high and drink generous Liquors The Heat of Summer or travelling in a hot Climat eating of Venison immoderat Care Study and the Passions of the Mind the accession of foreign heterogeneous Particles from malignant Distempers or drinking Tee and Cossee are the natural Causes of the Mobility and Disorder of the Spirits and consequently of Watchfulness As for the Brain Watchings will insue upon the Openness of its Pores occasion'd by a Dryness or want of Moisture to fill up the Intervals This may happen through Fasting or eating of sharp volatil Meats immoderat Venery Sweating smoaking Tobacco which tho it be an Opiat exhausts the Moisture of the Brain an unseasonable Use of purging Medicines or a Deficiency in the first Digestion which not only affects the Spirits by Consent but robs the Brain of its wonted Recruits in neglecting the regular distribution of the Chyle This Disease is manifest of it self As for Prognostics It infers a Weakness and Feebleness 'T is more sufferable in Youth than in a State of Manhood and among Men than among the Female Sex It portends ill in acute Distempers But in Chronical Diseases may be longer endur'd tho 't is oft-times follow'd by Phrensies Folly or Stupidity The Cure is perform'd by taking off the remote Causes If it be caus'd by the Inflammation and Impetuosity of the Blood a Vein must be open'd If the Blood be sharp and oppress'd with heterogeneous Particles Purgation and Sweating take place If it spring from the Disorder of the animal Spirits they must be reduc'd to Order by the use of pacific Medicines such as Opium or Laudanum opiatum or their Compounds Bartholetus commends the Essence of Opium prepar'd with Spirit of Vitriol or Spirit of Cockle Ens Veneris which consists of Vitriol and Salt Armoniac and likewise the Anodvn Sulphur of Vitriol are proper in this case But in using Opium we ought to observe these Causions Not to exhibit it when the Watchings are owing to the Efforts of Nature endeavouring a Solution of a Disease or when attended with a straitness in the Breast or difficulty of Breathing or when they proceed from the deficiency and want of Spirits as in old Men c. The mildest Opiats are the safest Let them be given in small Quantities and repeated often As Take of the Conserve of wild Poppy Flowers one Dram Venice Treacle or Diascordium half a Dram Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Make a Bolus Or Take of native Cinnabar fifteen Grains Saccharum Saturni eight Grains Laudanum Opiatum one or two Grains with the Extract of Saffron make Pills to be taken in the Evening about an hour before Supper The Seed of Thorn Apple is of excellent use in this case As for the Watchings which arise from the Dryness and Openness of the Brain moist and cooling Medicines are most proper such as Emulsions and other oily temperat Compositions Take of the four greater cold Seeds of each half an Ounce Garden Poppy Seeds two Drams sweet Almonds from two Drams to half an Ounce with a sufficient quantity of the Water of Water Lillies make an Emulsion Add of Cinnamom Water half an Ounce and sweeten it with Syrup of Poppies Or the Emulsion may be accommodated to whatever acute Distemper accompanies the Watchings as in a malignant Fever Take of sweet Almonds and Garden Poppy Seeds of each two Drams of the four greater cold Seeds of each a Dram With Viper Grass Water make an Emulsion sweeten it with pearl'd Sugar and add half an Ounce of Ciâ—namom Water and a Scruple of Bezoar Mineral It pacifies the Spirits and obviats the Malignity of the Distemper The Decoction of Barley with Poppies and Liquorice is much applauded And in general all moist nourishing milky chilous Medicines are very conducive in this caseâ— especially the Seed of Thorn Apple of the Fruit we make Pills thus Take of Thorn Apples six Pound bruise and boil them in twelve Pints of Lettice Water to eight Pints express the Decoction and digest it in the Sun sprinkle it with Spirit of Wine and set it to dry To an Ounce of the Juice thus thicken'd and dry'd add half an Ounce of Saffron and two Scruples of the Oil of Citron Peel Make a Mass for Pills Dose a Grain or two It procures Sleep and stops all Fluxes In the Watchings of old Men or such as proceed from a scarcity of Spirits or a frigid Crudity in the Stomac Opiats are inconvenient Comforting and aromatic Medicines are only proper Some give Opiat Clysters or Suppositories to procure Sleep but 't is a dangerous Method unless the Watchings be accompany'd with a Loosness or Pains in the Guts Besides the internal Use of moistening and quieting Medicines some apply them outwardly to the Forehead Temples Feet and Hands They foment and bathe the extreme Parts with the Decoctions of Anodyn and
proper If it proceed from metallin or mercurial Fumes Cinnabar of Antimony and antimonial Sulphurs ought to be mix'd with human Bones and exhibited in order to procure Sweat The Decoction of Elecampane and Fennel Roots in Wine taken Morning and Evening the Person being cover'd in order to sweat is famous for expelling and correcting Mercury in the Body Leaves of Gold or Medicines partaking of Gold are proper in this case to be given inwardly and an Ointment of Gold may be applied outwardly As for external Remedies Forestus recommends rubbing and washing the Part with fresh Urine In room of which you may use what follows Take of Aqua Articularis for external use three or four Ounces Spirit of Earth-worms an Ounce and a half Spirit of Ants six or eight Drams Essence of Castor three or four Drams mix and bathe the part affected Petrus à Castro orders the part to be frequently fomented with distill'd Water of Nettles The Leaves of an Ash infus'd in Lees are commended If the Trembling be inveterat the natural Bathes or artificial Bathes of a Decoction of Ants ty'd in a Bag are incomparably useful CHAP. III. Of the Diseases in which the Animal Spirits cease to move ART I. Of an Apoplexy WHEN Persons are seiz'd with Apoplexies they are like dead People in every respect except the beating of their Pulse Breathing and the color of their faces If the Respiration be much impair'd the Pulse very low and scarce perceptible and the Person snort and froth at the Mouth 't is a violent Fit If the whole Body be equally seiz'd 't is an universal Apoplexy If only one side of the Head and Body or the Trunk of the Body alone or a particular part by it self be affected while the others are at ease 't is call'd a particular Apoplexy 'T is usual among Writers to refer the Apoplexies of particular Parts to Palsies but indeed these Disorders of particular Members proceeding from internal Causes and call'd by them Paralytic were by the Antients accounted slight Apoplexies Vid. Hip. Sect. 2. Aph. 42. The Cause of Apoplexies may be deriv'd from the failure of the motion of the Animal Spirits either in the Cerebrum or Cerebellum If in the latter the Circulation of the Blood and Motion of the Heart are in a manner quite extinguish'd If the Animal Spirits be hindred to visit the Heart by the Convulsion of its Nerves or such other Causes the same effect will follow These Causes are call'd Privative which do not affect the Spirits immediatly but only prevent their Excursions or withdraw the matter of their Generation as all Obstructions of the Brain a Fall c. The positive Causes are such as stupify the Spirits or render 'em unfit for performing their Office as narcotic Medicines c. A privative Apoplexy is occasion'd by stopping the Circulation of the Blood This is caus'd either by an Obstruction in the Brain imprisoning the Spirits or by the Compression tearing or breaking of the Blood-vessels As when external Violence is us'd an Apoplexy may be caus'd by the Ligature or Compression of the Carotid Arteries and consequently the interruption of the Blood in its Passage to the Brain This Hippocrates understood by his Obstructio Venae it being customary among the Antients to signify by Veins the Arteries and Nerves The other privative Apoplexies proceeding from internal Causes are rather owing to the stoppage of the Blood in the Veins and its subsequent Stagnation in or Distention of the Brain for suppose one of the Carotid Arteries were straiten'd by some internal Cause the other Artery communicating with it would supply the Brain with Blood and so no Apoplexy would insue upon that occasion 'T is the hindrance therefore of the Reflux of the Blood and its subsequent Stagnation that in internal cases distends the Brain straitens its Passages extinguishes the motion of the Animal Spirits and so causes the Apoplexy Sometimes the Blood is so thick and congeal'd that of it self it stops in the Vessels within the Brain without any determination to that effect from the Blood Vessels as in Heart-swooning which is a case not only parallel but near a kin to this it stagnates in the Lungs The Antients deriv'd the cause of an Apoplexy from a Collection of Serum in the Ventricles of the Brain but Anatomical Dissections make it appear that the Brains of Apoplectic Persons are not always molested with any such matter and that several People are who were never seiz'd with an Apoplexy in their Lives It remains therefore to be concluded that the immediat Cause of all Apoplexies is the Abolition either of the motion of the animal Spirits or of the Circulation of the Blood The remote Causes with reference to a defective Circulation of the Blood are sudden Cold excessive Heat gormandizing in a sedentary way of Living washing the Head with warm Water and then exposing it to the Cold Swellings in the Scull suppression of wonted Evacuations of Blood using Dragons Blood after violent Purges immoderat Venery especially in old Age Anger and all turbulent Passions of the Mind With reference to the motion of the animal Spirits the remote Causes of Apoplexies are a Contusion or violent Commotion of the Brain by Thunder Cannon shooting c. any sudden and impetuous Force that drives inwards the Lymph which waters the Cortical part of the Brain Impostumes or any vitious matter lodg'd in the Head all which straiten the Passages of the Brain and Original of the Nerves and so cramp the Spirits that they cannot perform their wonted Office Excessive Drinking may occasion a Prevalency or Redundancy of Serum in the Brain that presses down the Walls of the Passages Accordingly we sometimes meet with great quantities of Serum in dissecting the Heads of such as die of Apoplexies The Small-pox or Scab struck inwards and several other Causes may likewise produce the same effect Upon this account I shall not scruple to admit the distinction of privative Apoplexies into such as are Sanguin and those which are Serous tho a nice Theorist might cavil against it The former kind is apt to invade those whose Blood is thick and prone to congeal the latter for most part seizes old decrepit Catarrhous Constitutions Mercurial and subterranean Vapors not only clog the Spirits but thicken the Blood and so cause a privative Apoplexy As for positive Apoplexies caus'd by an immediat Depravation and Fixation of the Spirits I am of Helmont's Opinion that not only external things but an internal Ferment bred in the Stomac oft-times causes ' em This I am induc'd to believe by these Considerations 1. Vomits sharp Clysters and stomachic Medicines are sovereign Remedies against a positive Apoplexy which is a sign that the Stomac is concern'd 2. The Steams of Coals Smoak of Tobacco and eating ungrateful Food cause Apoplexies Now undoubtedly these affect the mouth of the Stomac most immediatly 3. I remember an instance of a Woman that was seiz'd with a
Pellitory of Spain Euphorbium and Oil of Amber When the Tumors are thus ripen'd we open 'em with a Launce and apply a Caustic of the Ointment Aegyptiacum the dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol and Salt for extirpating the Membrans But if the Excrescence be hard and stubborn 't will be needful to set aside all discussing or suppurating Ingredients and cut up the skin cross-ways so as not to touch the Membran then separat the one from the other and cut out the Membran with the inclosed Tumor by the Root and after all stop the bleeding and cleanse the Ulcer as in other cases Sometimes when the nervous Fibres in the Skin are tore or corroded they throw out their nutritious Juice which settles into Warts and in the Toes of the Feet where the nutritious Juice of the Bones is squeez'd out into hard Corns Some of these Warts and Corns are fix'd so deep into the Tendons that they cannot be extirpated without incurring the danger of Inflammations Convulsions or Gangrenes But others are only superficial and easily remov'd Warts are extirpated by applying the Juice of Celandine or the Ashes of Briony mix'd with its Juice or the Juice of Spurge scarifying the part gently before Application Some commend an Ointment of Hony with the Spirit of Sulphur and the Solution of Sal Armoniac in Water or the Juice that Snails cast forth when rub'd with Salt but the best method of rooting them out is to touch 'em with Butter of Antimony or Aqua fortis or rather to burn them out with a hot Iron If they are pendulous and hang by a small Root a thread of Silk ty'd about the Root will cut off their nourishment and make 'em fall off As for the venereal Warts that generally invade the Genitals we apply the Solution of sublimat Mercury and Allum in Plantain-water As for Corns we order the Feet to be wash'd and the thick Skin to be scrap'd off then we apply Galbanum or Gum Ammoniac or the Plaister of Hemlock with Mercury soften'd in the Oil of Bricks Some recommend pieces of raw Beef or Onions mix'd with Soap in the form of a Cataplasm If these prove successless we apply Aqua fortis or Butter of Antimony mix'd with Hony taking care to defend the neighbouring parts and take off the Eschara with the Plaister Diachylon with Gums But if the Corns lie deep and be fix'd in the Tendons 't is dangerous to apply Caustics or to cut them with a Knife tho in other Cases such Operations may succeed Sometimes we meet with spungy Swellings about the Joints that proceed from the nutritious Juice of the Membrans mix'd with the glutinous Matter that bedews the Joints The best way of curing 'em if so be they admit of a Cure is to throw astringent Pouders upon 'em such as the Sugar of Lead Vitriol Calaminar Stone and sometimes precipitat Mercury Stronger Caustics or Emollient Ointments or manual Section are for the most part very dangerous by reason of their tendency to Cancers 4. The fourth Class was allotted for the Tumours of the Blood-Vessels which are of two sorts 1. Those of the Arteries call'd Aneurisma's 2. Those of the Veins call'd Varix's The former are occasion'd by cutting the Artery in Blood-letting or relaxating its Coats by violent Motion Crying c. or by the Corrosion of some internal Cause all which are apt to occasion a Collection of Blood about the injur'd part of the Artery and consequently a Tumor The Signs are a Swelling rising gradually according to the Pulsation of the Artery if the Artery lie near the Skin its Color is reddish when the Swelling is press'd by ones Finger it sinks and disappears without it be inveterate 'T is cur'd by opening a Vein in the opposite part of the Body avoiding all oily fat things and applying Bole Armenic Frankincense Earth of Vitriol Dragon's Blood and Laudanum Opiatum with a Plate of Lead and a strong Ligature In France they follow a new Method as for example in the Arm they squeeze the superiour part of the Artery so close that no Pulse is perceiv'd then they open the Tumor with a Launce and remove the congeal'd Blood Having discover'd the Wound of the Artery they apply to it a little ball of Vitriol wrap'd up in Cotton and the Pouders of Sarcocol Frankincense and Pine-tree-Rosin with Tow and above all Bolsters cover'd with the common Digestive and ty'd down with a strong Ligature The upper Bolsters are renew'd every day but the Ball of Vitriol which is no bigger than a Pea and which is insensibly dissolv'd by the Blood that soaks thro the Cotton is suffer'd to continue till it fall off The immediate Cause of a Varix is the Relaxation and Distention of the softer Fibres of the Veins The remote Causes are the thickness of the Blood or the Compression of corresponding Veins as when the Iliac Vessels being straiten'd by big Bellies occasion a Varix in the Veins of the Legs The Diagnostics are the Turgidity and blewish Blackness of the Veins It seldom requires a Cure unless it be painful or threaten a Rupture Ulcer or Gangrene If it be very painful we apply the Ointment Populeum with Mucilages of Flea-wort and Fenugrec-seeds the Oil of Chamomil and Flower of Beans If they are ulcerated apply the Plaister of Frog's Spawn with Hartshorn Frankincense and sweet Mercury If the Tumor be very high and apt to break open it with a golden or silver Needle and apply a Plate of Lead or foment with a Spunge soak'd in the Decoction of Allum Salt and the Fruit of Acacia in Vinegar or apply a Cataplasm of the Flower of Lupins dry'd Goat's Dung and Vinegar in which a hot Iron has been five times extinguish'd remembring still to tie a strong Ligature about the part If the Varix is open and bleeds excessively apply the Pouder of Hog's Dung or Clouts dip'd in the Solution of Steel and Allum In the mean while we ought to take care that the Ligatures do not hinder the Circulation of the Blood and exhibit inwardly attenuating Sudorific Decoctions CHAP. II. Of Wounds THE Nourishment of wounded parts and the Blood which flows from 'em being corrupted by the external Air become acid corrode the nervous Fibres extinguish the innate Spirit and produce all the tragical Consequents of Wounds The Wounds of internal parts are discover'd by the lame performance of their respective Offices or by the alteration of Excrements voided by ' em Wounds of sanguine parts ought to be carefully distinguish'd from those of the Nerves or Membrans as also the Curable from the Incurable some of which are mortal some not The mortal are said to be such either when an internal Bowel essential to Life is disabled or when the Blood Spirits or Vital Juices are too copiously evacuated or thrown upon some Cavity from which they cannot be retriev'd Thus the Wounds of the Heart are not always mortal without they reach into the Cavities especially the left
his Left Eye was inflam'd though formerly untouch'd The Third Day the Old Gentleman persisting stiffly in his wonted Course order'd bleeding in the Right Arm again the performance of which made him quite blind in the Right Eye And afterwards to make all Odds even he was bled again in the Left Arm which heighten'd the Inflammation of the Left Eye to the last degree In this extremity he sent for a more skilful Practitioner who only let him blood in the Foot and immediatly the Inflammation began to asswage The cause of such Accidents is very plain For the quantity of the blood not being diminish'd before and a Door being open'd to it in the Arm it will naturally croud upwards where meeting with Obstructions in the Passages it cannot but accumulate and augment the Inflammation A Universal Revulsion in the opposite Region of the Body ought to have Usher'd it in which would have prevented all the Inconveniencies that happen'd So much for the Circular motion of the Blood and the means of preserving or retrieving it The fermentation of the Blood is occasion'd by the Activity of the Acid and Alcali salts which entertain a perpetual Intercourse with the Sulphurous Watry and Earthy Particles The different Proportions establish'd among 'em by the Radical Power of the Seed do vary this motion which is peculiarly Calculated for every individual temperament This Idosin crasy or Seminal property is the Standard and Rule of the Natural fermentation When it swerves from that it is call'd a Cacochymy or Corruption of the Juices which is nothing else but the disproportion and degeneracy of these Saline Particles and the irregular motions that ensue thereupon If the prevalency of an Acid Salt have occasion'd it 't is call'd an Acid depravation of the Juices if an Alcali or Urinous Salt it goes by that Name These are the only possible causes of a Cacechymy If either of these Predominant Salts be lodg'd in a Watry or Serous Humor it gives rise to a Catarrh or serous Corruption If the Humor be Phlegmatic and Viscid 't is call'd Pituitous or Chylous The Melancholly Cacochymy of the Ancients is only a Predominant Acid which must either be Serous or Pituitous according to the humour in which 't is seated The Bilious is a Volatile Oyly Salt degenerated from its Natural Symmetry So all the different kinds may be reduc'd to these two Branches of Acid and Alcali An Acid Depravation of the Juices is occasion'd by the Prevalency or Indisposition of the Acid Salts If they are too plentiful they thicken the blood and retard its Circulation If they are otherwise corrupted as too Rancid Austere or Viciously Salt c. They create several irregular effervescencies in the blood such as we frequently meet with in Scorbutic and Hysteric Constitutions These Corruptions of Acid Salts may be owing to the Cold Air which seems to be impregnated with a hidden Acid Acid Food or Liquors Grief Care Sorrow Neglect of Exercise and such like Errors in the use of the six not Natural things which either augment their quantity or whet and sharpen 'em beyond their Natural State The Vrinous or Alcalin Depravation is occasion'd by the disproportion or corruption of the Volatil Urinous Salts which when mix'd with Sulphur Compose the Bile If they 're too Copious in the Body if too sharp and pointed if too Oyly or Fat or otherwise degenerated from their Seminal Properties they Create Infinite disorders in the mass of blood Their Corruption may be owing to Aromatic Sharp or Penetrating Food immoderate Watchings Exercises Anger and such like Passions which contribute to their unnatural Encrease or Depravation The General Causes of all Cacochymical dispositions may be divided into three Classes First The formal efficient cause of all diseases is the Spirits which are equally the cause of all natural and unnatural motions Secondly The occasional and material cause enclining and disposing the Spirits to perform such perverse Actions which according to Hippocrates is the Disproportion and Intemperat quality of the minute Particles that refuse to Assimilate or Incorporate with the Spirits and so provokes 'em to irregular motions Thirdly The remote and mediat cause is the Errors and Imperfections of Digestion especially of the first perform'd in the Stomac which is the Foundation of all other Digestions and if deficient perverts all the Juices in the Body The method of curing all Cacochymies or which is the same thing all irregular fermentations in the blood is first to retrieve the Natural qualities of the Juices and their minute Particles by Altering Medicines and then to Evacuate the Corrupt Juices to prevent any further Infection The general Alteratives are such as Correct a peccant Acid or Alcali and reduce the Particles to their due Symmetry and Proportion Besides there are some specific Alteratives which are peculiarly Calculated for the respective Circumstances of the Corrupt Acid or Alcali For one Acid may differ vastly from another according to the infinite ways of Corruption 't is liable to and consequently may produce very different if not contrary effects 'T is true we cannot have à -priori any Circumstantiat account of their distinguishing Characters but the effects they produce and the influence of medicines attested by Experience may lead unto know somewhat of their difference and accordingly to distinguish the specifics that we find successful in Vanquishing one sort of Acids or Alcali's but are not capable of gaining the like Victory over others of the same General Class This may be set in a clearer light by the following Example 'T is an unquestionable truth that Pleurisies Stranguries Ulcers in the Kidneys Heart-Burn Loosenesses Gout Gravel c. may all be owing to Vicious Acids The General Alteratives that are oppos'd to Acids are convenient in them all and are fit to usher in the specific Cure which they cannot of themselves Compass For 't is not one and the same sort of Acid that is the Predominant in all these Instances In one 't is an Acid that congeals the blood and occasions Pleuritick Pains in another it is an Acid that sharpens the Urine and Occasions a Strangury Accordingly we find that tho' all fix'd Alcali's are not inconvenient in Pleurisies yet the Powder of Boars Teeth and Pike Teeth are specific Antidots against that particular Acid that then prevails as Crabs Eyes are in a Strangury The like might be said of all the rest This consideration Hippocrates had in his view in his Incomparable Treatise de Veteri Medicina where he passionatly expells the general Elementary Qualities both from the Theory and Practice of Physic and recommends to all Practitioners as in a manner the whole of their business to enquire nicely into the Subdivisions and Specific differences of the General things especially to the difference of tastes whether Bitter Sweet Salt Insipid and a Thousand such marks of distinction which are to direct us in the choice of such Specific Remedies as are peculiarly levell'd against the particular
two or three Ounces Restharrow or Winter Cherry-Water one Ounce Elixyr of Juniper Berries from similitude of taste call'd Malvaticum six Drams or one Ounce or an Ounce and a half Spirit of putrified Earthworms three-Drams Volatil Spirit of Tartar from half an Ounce to six Drams Syrup of Ground Ivy or Syrup of Fennel from three to six Drams Mix and make a Potion Of which exhibit a spoonful at a time Or Take of Ground Ivy-Water Restharrow-Water and Parsley-Water of each an Ounce Elixyr of Juniper call'd Malvaticum an Ounce and a half Rectify'd Spirit of putrify'd Earthworms three Drams Spirit of Sal-armoniac a Dram and a half Syrup of Ground Ivy one Ounce Mix and make a Potion Dose two three or four Spoonfuls Or add three or four drops of distill'd Oyl of Turpentin or six drops of Oyl of Juniper in the Room of Spirit of Sal-armoniac Or Take of Strawberry-Water two Ounces Tincture of Tartar two Drams Syrup of Ground Ivy half an Ounce Mix and make a Potion Ye may add Essential Salt of Tartar or dulcify'd Spirit of Salt or Quintessence of Urine Amelungius's Nephritic Tincture is a Powerful Diuretic 'T is made of Nitre Tartar Hungarian Antimony and a sort of Flint Stones that are speckl'd with yellow spots The Nitre is first dissolv'd in Simple Water then the other Ingredients are added and after Digestion the Liquor is drawn off by Distillation Michael's Carminative Spirit is likewise an excellent Medicine for this purpose which is drawn from Nitre Tartar and Spirit of Wine Tartaris'd But above all Amber with its Volatil Salt and Distill'd Oyl All the Aromatic Herbs but especially fleabane are good Diuretics Camphyr Turpentin Juniper Human Urine Earthworms and their various Preparations are likewise of the same Family The Juice of the Birch-Tree provokes Urine more effectually than any other Medicine It ferments like Wine and becomes sowr like Vinegar and is an incomparable Medicine for Nephritic Pains Next to it is the Infusion of Spanish flies which I prepare thus Take of the Powder of Spanish flies one Scruple Infuse them in three or four Ounces of the best Rhenish Wine Let them stand in a warm place for several Days and Nights Then strain it out through Paper The Dose ten fifteen or twenty drops to be exhibited in a draught of warm Broth. Sometimes this Medicine causes Ulcers in the Bladder and a Pissing of Blood but a large draught of Milk with a little Salt of Tartar will quickly remove these Symptoms For a Diuretic Decoction Prescribe thus Take of the Leaves of Strawberries and Pellitory of the Wall of each a handful and a half Of the five opening Roots ten Drams Winter Cherries and Juniper-Berries of each six Drams The Seeds of the Ash-Tree and Red Vetches of each three Drams Cream of Tartar two Drams Boyl them in Parsley and Winter-Cherry-Water Strain out a pint and a half in which dissolve Rob of Juniper two Ounces Fernelius's Syrup of Marshmallows one Ounce Spirit of Salt dulcify'd with the Spirit of Straw-Berries as much as sufficeth to give it a grateful sharpness So much for Volatil Diuretics The fix'd Medicines that provoke Urine are all the fix'd Salts of Herbs and the Artificial Compound Salts as Tartar Prepar'd with Vitriol and the Salt call'd Digestivum Hypochondriacum Which is the Caput Mortuum remaining after the Destillation of Salarmoniac with Salt of Tartar Gromwell-Seeds Violet-Seeds and the Emulsions Prepar'd from them belong to this Class The forms of Prescription are these Take of Tartar Prepar'd with Vitriol a Dram and a half Salts of Bean stalks broom and Pigeons dung of each half a Dram. Mix and make a Powder for several Doses to be taken in Wine Ye may add the Distill'd Oyl of Turpentin or of Juniper Berries As Take of the Salt call'd Arcanum Duplicatum half a Dram. Salt of Broom or Pigeons Dung a Scruple Distil'd Oyl of Juniper Berries or of Turpentin four drops Mix and make a Powder for two Doses Cream of Tartar or Crabs Eyes or Nitre or Vitriol of Steel or Volatil Salt of Amber may be added by turns The Natural Spaw Waters provoke Urine plentifully as also the Spirit of Salt and Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre If the form of a Bolus be desir'd prescribe thus Take Rob of Juniper one Dram. Crabs Eyes Prepar'd fifteen Grains Tartar Prepar'd with Vitriol half a Scruple Mix and make a Bolus Or if an Electuary be more acceptable Take of Conserve of Violets one Ounce Rob of Juniper half an Ounce Crabs Eyes Prepar'd two Drams Arcanum Duplicatum one Dram. With a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Ground Ivy make an Electuary Which sprinkle with a few drops of the Spirit of Salt CHAP. IV. Of the Medicines that procure Sweat THE dissolution of the Blood and its swifter Circulation cause the separation of the serum which is evacuated by the Glandules in the skin The Medicines of this fourth Class are such as produce these effects Some of which are Volatil and others fix'd Of the first sort are the Spirits and Volatil Salts Extracted from Animal and Vegetable Productions such as Spirit of Hartshorn Urine Vipers Human Blood c. And the Spirits Prepar'd from Vegetables by Putrefaction The Distill'd Oyls of Amber Tartar Guajacum and such as are drawn from the Bones and other Parts of Animals All Resinous Aromatic bitter and Attenuating Vegetables and their various Compositions as Venice Triacle Mithridate Diascordium c. They are prescrib'd in these or the like forms Take of Volatil Salarmoniac fifteen Grains Camphyr two Grains Mix and make a Powder Or Take of Fumitory Water one Ounce Spirit of Harts-horn together with its Volatil Salt one Dram. Syrup of Carduus Benedictus two Drams Mix for a Potion Or Take of Elder Flower Water one Ounce Spirit of Elder-Berries one Dram. Spirit of Sal-armoniac from half a Dram to a whole one Camphyr two Grains Syrup of Carduus Benedictus half an Ounce Make a Potion for one Dose Or Take of Carduus Benedictus Water an Ounce and a half Spirit of Sal-armoniac a Dram. Or Volatil Sal-armoniac a Scruple Distill'd Oyl of Cloves two drops Syrup of Fennel or Orange Peel half an Ounce Mix for a daught Take of Viper Grass Water one Ounce Cinnamom-Wated half a Dram. Spirit of Triacle Prepar'd with Camâ—â—â—â— half a Dram. Volaâ—â—â— Salt of Hartshorn twelve 〈◊〉 Volatil Salt of Amber six Grains Syrup of Scor 〈…〉 Ounce Make a â—oâ—ion As for the fix'd Medicines that procure sweat such are all Lixivial Salts well alkalis'd and the fix'd sulphurs of Metals and Minerals Antimony Steel and Nitre joyn'd together make a Powerful Sudorific or the Sulphur of Antimony and Steel The Bezoar stone is an ineffectual Medicine by reason that there is not one of a Thousand that is Genuin The stone cut out of Human Bodies is infinitely better and a Sovereign Antidot in all Pestilential Diseases We prescribe such Medicines in these or the like forms Take of
of the eight pair be disorder'd the Mouth of the Stomac becomes insensible and so eludes the influence of the Acid. These Nerves may be disorder'd upon their own Account or by consent of other Parts as in Nephritic and Colic Pains Or perhaps the Nerves are faultless and the Spirits are stupify'd by the use of Narcotics as Opium or Tobacco Or are diverted and imploy'd upon other things so as not to mind the impulse of the ferment as in the Case of Love Grief Madness c. If the Nerves or Spirits be not faulty the cause must be Lodg'd in the Stomac Sometimes the Acid is blunted by a superfluity of viscid matter in the Stomac Or the Spittle is become viscid and takes off its edge as in Hectic and Hypocondriac Persons This last cause is effectually-remov'd by drinking Wine in which Elecampane Roots Horse Radishes and Scurvy-Grass have been infus'd The hasty swallowing down of much meat drinking new and fermenting Liquors Cloying the Stomac with fat Oyly things or acid and austere Fruits do all cause a bluntness of the ferment The frequent use of Brandy or sulphurous Liquors Corrects the sharpness of the acid and occasions an inappetency The fatness and redundancy of the Bile whether in the Blood or Stomac may also vitiat the ferment When this cause takes place 't is known by a bitter taste in the mouth and a gnawing at the mouth of the Stomac And Lastly the suppression of wonted evacuations as stopping of the Terms or sudden forbearing of Venery c. May concur to the same effect Sometimes the acid it self is deficient If a Volatil Choler reign in the Blood or the Spirits are so disorder'd by a Feaver or otherwise that the alteration of the humors and particularly of the lympha is not regularly perform'd or if the heat of Summer exhausts the Spirits that should serve to exalt the ferment Immoderat drinking especially of whey which enjoys a temperat nitrous Salt allays the acidity of the ferment The frequent use of Alcali's as Chalk Hartshorn and all Chalybeat medicines little stones engender'd in the Stomac and the drinking of Urine which is a specific in hungry feavers are frequently the causes of a weak ferment As for Prognostics If it continue long in the beginning of a disease it weakens nature and adds force to the disease If it do not decline along with the distemper it portends a relapse In Chronical Diseases and such as come by Fits it is the forerunner of the Paroxysm In Children it is more suspected than in adult Persons If the Appetit seem to Answer in general and yet flags when Food is offer'd Or If after a loathing of meat the Patient of a sudden covet food and swallow it down greedily 't is a very bad Omen In the method of Cure a particular regard must be had to the difference of causes which may easily be distinguish'd without a long train of Diagnostics Generally the peccant cause is the abounding of slimy humors or of Choler or Fat in the Stomac Which is only remov'd by evacuating Medicines Of which Vomits are the best One Vomit is of more efficacy in this case than ten Purges As Take of Mynsichtius's Emetic Tartar three Grains fine sugar six Grains make a Powder Or if a liquid be more acceptable exhibit the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum minding heedfully the quantity of the Liquor and not the Crocus When a viscid Matter is lodg'd in the Stomach 't is fit to add some attenuating Ingredients As Take of Hyssop-water one or two Ounces Cinnamom-water two Drams Vinegar of Squills and the Emetic Syrup above prescrib'd of each half an Ounce compound Spirit of Verdigrease from two Scruples to a Dram. Mix c. If the Patient do not Vomit easily exhibit purging Medicines among which Aloe is the best but it ought not to be wash'd It is a common Ingredient into Pills and operates but very gently If there be occasion for a stronger Purgative Take the Pills of Hiera with Agaric adding to them Gum-ammoniac or some attenuating Medicine Thus Take of the Mass of Pills of Hiera with Agaric from twelve to fifteen Grains Extract of Wormwood or Gum-ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar eight Grains or half a Scruple Scammonium Sulphuratum one Grain Extract of the Troches Alhandal from half a Grain to two Grains For those who are Obnoxious to Hypochondriac Fits the following Pills are very useful Take of the Pills of Hiera with Agaric half a Scruple or twelve Grains Gum-ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar half a Scruple Scammony prepar'd with Juice of Roses two Grains Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain with the Essence of Steel make Pills Or Take of the Pills of Mastic fifteen Grains extract of Wormwood twelve Grains Extract of Troches Alhandal one Grain Make Pills This purging Powder is likewise very good for Hypocondriac Persons and such as are easily purg'd viz. Take of Tartarum Vitriolatum fifteen Grains Scammony prepar'd with Sulphur four Grains Troches Alhandal one Grain distill'd Oyl of Cummin-seeds two drops Make a Powder If a Potion be more agreeable Take of Hyssop-water Mint-water of each half an Ounce Tartarum Vitriolatum and Extract of Agaric of each six Grains Scammony sulphurated two Grains Mix for a Potion So much for Purging Medicines After gentle Evacuations we proceed to the use of such Medicines as strengthen the Walls of the Stomac and resolve the slimy Mucilage that sticks to them To this purpose all sharp volatil and aromatic Medicines are proper as the Stomachical Herbs Spices the hot Seeds and Antiscorbutic's especially Horse-Raddishes Those of a gentle astringent quality restore the Natural Constitution of the Stomac when vitiated by the use of Opium strong Liquors Brandy c. As for Acid Medicines I cannot much approve them I never saw any good Effect produc'd by them in this case excepting Cream of Tartar and the dulcify'd Spirit of Salt or of Vitriol 'T is true they are fit to provoke the Stomac and imitate Nature in prompting it to crave Food but the Business of a Physician is rather to remove the Encumbrances that annoy the Natural Function than to supply an Artificial Appetit The Essence of Bread distill'd thro' a Retort is a sovereign Restorer of the ferment These Medicines may be prescrib'd thus Take of Wormwood Mint of each a handful Roots of Acorus two Drams Gentian Roots half an Ounce the four hot Seeds of each two Drams Slice and chop 'em small And tie them up in a Bag to be infus'd in Wine Let the sick Person drink a Draught twice a Day adding to every Draught six Drops of dulcify'd Spirit of Salt Or Take of Mint three handfuls fresh Roots of Acorus two Ounces Roots of Elecampane or Horse-Radishes from one Ounce to an Ounce and a half Zedoary Roots six Drams Cinnamom three Drams put them into a Bag to be infus'd in Wine Take of Mint three handfuls Carduus Benedictus one handful Wormwood Tops and lesser
Quinces of Lemons Citrons Pomgranats and Oranges the Water of the Sprigs of Vines mix'd with Spirit of Treacle Capers pickl'd in Vinegar and mix'd with Carminative Seeds Essence of Orange-peel mix'd with Essence of Saffron in a suppression of the Terms the Decoction of Parsley-roots with Chiches and especially Wine in which Mint and Wormwood are infus'd Take of the Vitriolated Conserve of Mint four Ounces powder of Zedoary a Dram or two with Syrup of Quinces make an Electuary of which let the Patient take a convenient quantity thrice a Day Take of Mint-water Baum-water of each an Ounce Cinnamon-water prepar'd with Quinces six Drams Juice of Quinces an Ounce with a sufficient quantity of dulcify'd Spirit of Salt make a Potion Dose a Spoonful now and then Let Syrups or sweet things be sparingly us'd Treacle and Mithridate are sometimes very useful When other things fail we must have recourse to Steel and absorbent Powders Bleeding is of no direct use in this Disease tho in a suppression of the Terms or Plethora it may be serviceable by removing the occasional Cause CHAP. III. Of an Immoderat Appetit and Dog Hunger AN extraordinary Appetit returning by intervals and attended by Swooning is call'd Bulimus If Victuals be speedily swallow'd down without Chewing and frequently Vomited up or at least so speedily digested that the hungry Appetit is not discontinu'd 't is call'd a Dog-Hunger The Cause of 'em both for the most part is a Volatil disengag'd Acid call'd by the Ancients Melancholy that gnaws and provokes the Mouth of the Stomac Accordingly we find that Acids augment and viscous Anti-acids impair the Appetit 'T is true a volatil Urinous Alcali such as the Bile abounding in the Stomac may sometimes increase the Appetit and in that case Acids perform the Cure If the Nervous Membrane of the Stomach be over sensible and too easily provok'd an extraordinary Appetit may likewise insue thereupon Worms in the Stomac or Guts may vellicate the Membrans and so create an Appetit and if the Digestion withal be easie and quick it argues that there 's an acid Matter in the Stomac besides Worms 'T is but very seldom that a fames Canina is periodical neither is it follow'd by Fatness by reason of the rough unpliable Crasis of the Blood Long Fasting and any immoderat Evacuation of Blood or Chyle may be listed into the number of its External Causes In a Bulimus the Causes are somewhat meeker attended by a dullness or want of Spirits When it succeeds to Chronical Diseases or when the Swooning Fits happen while the Belly is full 't is dangerous If a Dog Hunger be attended by Vomiting and Loosenesses it degenerates into Gachexies Dropsies Consumptions c. The Cure consists in tempering and evacuating the Acid. The former Indication must be first satisfied for if we attempt to evacuate the Acid in its vicious State it will grow fiercer and more offensive The tempering Remedies are fix'd and volatil Alcali's absorbent Earthy Powders and fat Oyly Medicines The first kill the Acidity as appears by mixing Salt of Tartar with Spirit of Vitriol The second suck up the acid Particles as is evident by the Experiment of Vinegar and Crabs Eyes The last cramp and fetter the Acid. Of the first sort are the Vegetable fix'd Salts Salt and Spirit of Urine Spirit of Hartshorn Onyons Garlick c. Of the second are Crabs Eyes Coral Pearls Chalk Blood-Stone Bole-armenic Seal'd Earth Steel prepar'd without Acids and mix'd with Opiats Of the third sort are the express'd Oyl of Sweet Almonds Linseed c. distill'd Oyls of Aniseed Caraway-seed and especially of Cloves the Yelks of Eggs boil'd hard or the Oyl of Eggs hot Bread dipp'd into Oyl c. But if the Disease be attended by Vomiting the Oyly Ingredients ought to be avoided or their use discontinu'd when the Hunger relents Take of the Filings of Steel and prepar'd Coral of each half a Dram prepar'd Crabs Eyes a Scruple prepar'd Mother of Pearl and Bone of Carp of each a Scruple Saffron half a Scruple Laudanum Opianum two Grains Mix for two or three Doses to be exhibited in fat Broth. Besides the abovementioned Ingredients some recommend the drinking of Wine others Cockles River Crabs Pork Brains fry'd with Butter Rice boyl'd with Milk and Butter Fistic-Nuts Sweet-Almonds c. Sweet Generous Wines in which Mint and Sage are infus'd or the Spirits of those Herbs or the Essence of Wormwood Penny-royal Baum c. mix'd with distill'd Oyls are much approv'd Narcotics stupify the Mouth of the Stomach and upon that score are useful But this Cure is only palliative Treacle and Mithridate are the best of ' em The Acid being thus prepar'd let Vomits be exhibited or Purges such as this Take of the Pills of Hiera a Scruple choice Rhubarb in Powder half a Scruple with Syrup of Roses Make â—ills Or Take of the Extract of Aloe prepar'd with tartaris'd Water prepar'd red Coral of each half a Dram Gum-ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar a Scruple Extract of Steel two Scruples Extract of Troches Alhandal half a Scruple with Essence of Myrrh make thirty Pills Dose ten or fifteen A Bulimus is cur'd by generous Spanish Wine or Frontignac or a Medicinal Wine with Cinnamon Nutmegs c. infus'd in it Bread dipp'd into it and applied to the Nostrils or eaten is much approv'd Treacle dissolv'd in Wine is likewise very proper SECT III. Of the Disorders of Thirst THIRST proceeds from the Vellication of the Gullet Throat Palat Tongue and adjacent parts occasion'd by sharp saline Particles The Liquor it demands is naturally design'd for a Vehicle to the solid Food and Excrements 'T is disorder'd by way of Increase Diminution or Depravation The two last are very uncommon 'T is true there are some few Instances of a want of Thirst among Children and Splenetic Persons and wherever 't is found it must proceed from a redundacy of moisture about the Stomac and Throat or the stupidity of those parts Either of which Causes is remov'd by the use of Elixir proprietatis Tincture of Tartar Tartar vitriolated Arcanum Duplicatum Sal-armoniac mix'd with Spices Salt of Carduus Benedictus c. If it be caus'd by the inadvertency of the mind and delirous Disposition of the Spirits as in Feavers 't is a bad sign but yields to the general Cure of the Disease As for the Depravation of Thirst or a particular aversion to some Liquors and violent inclination to others 't is either a Symptom of a Feaver or accompanies a Pica or Malacia and requires the same Cure as its Companions CHAP. I. Of Immoderat Thirst IT remains now to take a View of Immoderat Thirst the only disorder of that Nature that requires consideration in this place The part affected is the Throat Gullet and Mouth of the Stomach The cause is either positive or privative The positive cause is a sharp Salt vellicating these parts which if it be lock'd up in a viscous Vehicle is
to one side In which posture one of the Eyes cannot be duly shut neither can the Person pronounce the Letter O with a full Mouth or Spit but at one side of the Mouth If it be a Palsy the part affected is loose soft and follows the Motion of the sound Muscles and the under Eyelid falls down whereas if it be a Cramp or Convulsion the part is hard painful and draws the sound Muscles to it As for the Causes of Convulsions and Palsies they are accounted for elsewhere This Contorsion is a fatal Symptom in acute continual Feavers or after an universal Apoplexy or Epilepsy The Cure is accomplish'd by Purgative Medicines volatil and aromatic Sudorifics decoctions of Woods Castor given inwardly or its Essence apylied outwardly or its Extract roll'd in the Mouth Or Take of Nutmegs two Drams Roots of Pellitory of Spain and of Angelica Seeds of Staves-acre Mustard-seeds of each a Dram Cumin-seeds and Cubebs of each half a Dram Pepper half a Scruple Mastic a Dram and a half with Wax make Tablets to be roll'd in the Mouth The Mouth may be wash'd with Spirit of Wine in which Castor is dissolv'd or the Decoction of Pellitory-roots with Rocket-seeds Platerus was wont to cure the Convulsive distortion of the Mouth by Opiats mix'd with Aromatics as Mithridat Syrup of Poppies c. If the Case be Paralytic Blistering Plaisters may be applied to the Ear or Nap of the Neck As for the Disorders of the Jaw bones If they are disjoynted by external Violence Yauning or Gaping they are easily set right by a Cuff under the Chin. If they are incumbred by Tumors or Inflammations in the Throat if their motion be cramp'd by the swelling of the Glandules behind the Ears or the settlement of a tartarine thick Humour upon the conjunction with the Bones of the Temples the regular motion is retriev'd by the respective Cure of those Causes If the Antagonist Muscles that bring up and pull down the under Jaw-bone be reciprocally contracted thro' Cold Worms c. there insues a gnashing of the Teeth Which in Feavers and adult Persons is an unlucky Symptom and is cur'd by the external Application of Balsam of Peru and the removal of its Causes CHAP. II. Of the Loss Corruption Blackness Looseness Numness and Chilness of the Teeth THE Teeth are nourish'd not only by the Arteries and Veins inserted into their Roots but likewise by the Gums When they are uncapable thro' Age or otherwise to receive Nourishment they fall out or are ground away by continual use The Causes which promote this their decay are the abuse of Stupifying or Narotic over cold or over hot Medicines or of Viscous and Corruptible things which stick to the sides of the Teeth and corrupt their Nourishment such as Sugar Sweet-meats Figs Cheese Milk c. The Scurvy Salivation handling of Mercury external Violence c. The Cure consists in removing the Causes If Mercury be the cause Leaves of Gold or Solar Preparations are very proper Sometimes the Teeth are corrupted thro' the acidity of their own direct Nourishment or of that receiv'd sideways from the Gums External Injuries are apt to produce the same Effect At first there appears a black Spot in the Tooth then it becomes a Hole and the Tooth grows hollow the corrupted Matter lodg'd within corodes the Tooth causes pain and sometimes reaches the Gums and Jaw-bone creating Ulcers which degenerate into Fistula's Sometimes the corrupted Matter degenerates into Worms Sometimes the Teeth stink and infect the Breath by reason of corrupted Meat sticking in their Chinks or in the hollow Tooth If the Corruption be confirm'd it cannot be Cur'd without drawing the Tooth The Juice of Sun-spurge mix'd with Sal-armoniac and Flour and put into the Hollow-Tooth will render the Operation easy the Juice of Celandin the greater or a bruis'd Grashopper are proper for the same purpose Or Take of Gum-ammoniac Henbane-seeds Juice of Henbane of each a Dram and a half with the fat of Green Frogs and Wax make an Ointment to be applied to the Tooth before 't is drawn If the Corruption be not too far advanc'd a stop may be put to its further progress by applying an actual Cautery and afterwardsfilling the Tooth with Gold-leaf beat up with Myrrh and Wax or with Turpentine or with the Decoction of Ginger in Oxymel or with Coral and Camphyr Or Take of prepar'd red Coral bone of a Cuttle and burnt Hartshorn of each two Scruples choice Myrrh half a Dram Camphyr five or six Grains with the mucilage of Tragacanth make Pills to be put into the Hollow-Tooth Some choose potential Cautery's instead of actual ones as Aqua-Fortis or the Spirit of Salt If the Teeth stink let 'em be wash'd with Water in which Sal-armoniac is dissolv'd If they are infested with Worms wash 'em with the Decoction of Savin in Wine or apply the Spirit of Sulphur with Cotton or let the fumes of burnt Henbane-seed be receiv'd at the Mouth Sometimes if the Gums be flaccid loose or otherwise disorder'd the lateral Nourishment they afford to the Teeth is viciated and sticks like an Excrement upon their surface and either grows hard like a friable Stone or blackens and disorders the Teeth Hence we see that whatever affects the Gums as the Scurvy Mercurial Salivation c. is follow'd by a blackness and sordid colour of the Teeth If this Symptom be recent and not confirm'd let the Teeth and Gums be rub'd with the following Powder Take of burnt Hartshorn three Ounces Coral a Dram and a half Roots of Florentine Orris two Scruples burnt Allum and Salt of Tartar of each a Scruple make a Powder to be sprinkled with Spirit of Scurvy-grass adding some drops of the distill'd Oyl of Cloves If the Excrement be stiff and confirm'd let Spirit of Salt mix'd with Honey be applied to the Gums and Teeth Or Take a Polypody-root and soak it for the space of four and twenty Hours in Wine sharpen'd with Spirit of Sulphur Then dry it for a Powder for the Teeth Let the Teeth and Gums be wash'd every Morning with Human Urine and after eating with Plantan and Houseleek-water in which Sal-armoniac and Salt of Tartar are dissolv'd The Powders of hard stones such as Flint Pumice-stone c. are not so convenient unless it be in a very inveterat case because they consume the Gums As touching the looseness of the Teeth 't is occasion'd either by their own intrinsic fault of which above or the relaxation of the Fibres of the Gums which frequently proceeds from the sharpness of the Saliva or Serum as appears by the aptness of the Scurvy Tooth-ach and Mercurial Salivation to cause it Opiats also us'd for the Tooth-ach sometimes cause a looseness of the Teeth by relaxating the Fibres of the Gums If it be inveterat it may run to that height that the Gums are exulcerated corrupted and dispos'd to a Gangrene Sometimes if the Texture of the Gums is very solid and
Back under the short Ribs The Vomiting of Atra Bilis is fatal as likewise a Voiding of Blood any way in the Small Pox Measles or other Eruptions If the Piles succeed to Vomiting 't is a good sign as also if it come by Intervals in Splenetic and Chronical Diseases If it be Critical all is well The Cure consists in removing the Causes diverting the Blood from the Stomac fortifying the broken Vessel attenuating and throwing off what is already extravasated Blood-letting in the Arm or Leg or opening the Hemorrhoid Vessels must be premised in Cases of Ploethora's or Suppressions of Blood As for Astringents the Syrup of the Juice of Comfrey Roots and Plantane Leaves not clarify'd mix'd with Sugar is recommended by the Honourable Mr. Boyle and mightily esteem'd in England Water of Nettles mix'd with Spirit of Vitriol is extoll'd by Hartman and several other Authors Or Take of the Conserve of Roses two Ounces Prepared Bloodstone a Dram and an half Adstringent Crocus of Steel that is Vitriol of Steel dissolv'd in Water and precipitated with Oyl of Tartar per deliquium a Dram white Henbane-seeds two Scruples with Syrup of Purslain make an Electuary Take a convenient quantity of the Earth of Vitriol of Steel well calcin'd and dulcify'd dissolve it in Spirit of Salt draw off the Spirit in a Fire of Sand till the residue come to the consistence of Honey Upon which digest Rectify'd Spirit of Wine for some time and strain the Tincture for use Take of Plantane and Tormentil-water of each an Ounce innamom-water and Vinegar of each six Drams Prepared Red Coral half a Dram Troches of Amber a Dram seal'd Earch half a Dram Mummy six Grains Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Syrup of Comfrey one Ounce Make a Potion If the Breast be perplex'd the Pulse weak Respiration difficult the Stomac blown up the Face Pale and liable to sudden Flushings and the Person apt to swoon 't is a sign that the Blood is congeal'd in the Stomac In which case Crabs Eyes Coral and Diaphoretic Antimony and especially Sperma Coeti are proper After the stagnating Blood is attenuated the remaining Clots may be carried off by Rhubarb or a Gentle Vomit If the obstruction of the Spleen occasion the recoyling of the Blood in the Vas Breve upon the Stomac Chalybeat and opening Remedies are most convenient Externally apply Treacle with Saffron and Vinegar of Rasberries to the Stomac SECT VII Of Pains of the Stomac SOmetimes the Breast or the whole Cavity reaching from the Mouth of the Stomac to the Midriff Liver Spleen and Sweet-bread is siez'd with a Prodigious Uneasiness and Confus'd Pain causing the afflicted Person to toss up and down the Bed This we call Anxiety If this Pain be particularly fix'd to the Pit of the Breast attended by a seeming Compression with a sense of Biting and Gnawing 't is call'd Cardialgia or Pain in the Stomac The former is wandring arising from the least irritation and is fitly resembled by the Anxiety following the Assumption of a Vomit The latter is fix'd arising from a Convulsive Contraction and is of the same Nature as the Pain we are afflicted with when we swallow any thing too hard or overbulky All Anxieties excepting such as arise from Suffocation or the disturbance of respiration are owing to the Constriction or uneasiness of the upper and more sensible Orifice of the Stomac as appears by their following the assumption of a Vomit attending Hysteric Constitutions and being abated by Belching their Accompanying Agues and Disappearing after Vomiting and their being caus'd by Eating of heavy Suppers The blame is usually cast upon the Heart but very unjustly for the Heart is an indolent muscle and if it be irritated is siez'd with Convulsions or what we call a Palpitation which does not Accompany Anxieties of the Breast The Remote causes are sharp Poysonous things taken into the Stomac Corrupt Food Wind Vicious Humors or Foreign ferments Translated thither Inflammations and such like disorders of its Membrans Convulsions of the Nerves or Adjacent Parts and in a Word whatever provokes the Mouth of the Stomac to Contract it self Anxieties are usually Companions to other Diseases whose peculiar cure must be taken care of In General Aromatic Discussing Ingredients together with Vitriol and Nitrous Medicines are very proper The Pain of the stomac was by the Ancients call'd Cardialgia by reason of the frequent Swoonings Prostration of strength and Cold sweats that attend it tho in the mean while the Heart is not at all afflicted The left Orifice of the Stomac is its seat as being the most sensible tender Part of the whole Body richly stor'd with Nerves that maintains a near Corrâ—spondence with all the Nervous systeme This Pain is caus'd by the Preternatural fermentation of the Bile and other vicious Juices 't is attended by Inflammations sometimes 't is seated in the back of the stomac and sometimes glides along the Gullet to the very shoulders or resembles the Compression or Squeezing of the Throat The remote causes are whatever offends the left Orifice of the stomac or provokes it to Contraction Nephritic Pains Contorsions of the Backbone Depression of the Cartilago Ensiformis Stones in the Gall Bladder or Duodenum Tumors in the Mesentery and Sweetbread Hysteric Passions and Suppression of the terms may occasion it by consent The Boyling of the Juices in the first Passages In Intermitting feavers frequently produces this symptom which is remov'd by Clysters Wind in an empty stomac an Acid viscid matter gnawing and piercing the upper Orifice which generally quickens about an hour or two after Eating Green or Rusty Bile Tinctur'd with a Corrosive acid from the Sweetbread Corruption or Acidity of the Victuals Tumors Stones or Ulcers in the stomac assumption of sublimat Mercury Arsenic Coagulation of Milk or new Cheese in the stomac occasion'd by its mixture with an Acid Worms in the stomac swallowing of Leeches cur'd by salt Water pieces of Glass Pins c. Are frequently the Authors of the same disorder Sometimes it is Periodical according to the successive return of its causes The Symptoms of Anxiety and Pain of the Stomac are an Inexpressible sort of uneasiness about the Pit of the Breast unquietness tossing difficult Respiration and Swooning usher'd in by Giddiness and follow'd by cold Sweats and a pale Chilness in the Outward Parts If the Pain seize the bottom of the Stomac it ought to be carefully distinguish'd from the Cholic by observing if it creeps upwards or descends to the Loyns and Kidnies If it accompanies other Diseases or comes by it self the former are signs of a Pain in the Stomac the latter of the Cholic If Anxiety and Pain of the Stomac proceed from Worms or Wind it is not very dangerous tho the Symptoms may seem dismal To children it prognosticates Epilepsies and to Adult Persons Chronical Diseases If it arise from curdled Milk or a green rusty sharp viscous humour 't is dangerous If it owe its being
a manifest Cause portends a Chronical Distemper The Specifics that compass its Cure are Absorbent Pouders such as Chalk and Cream of Tartar the Pouder of Burnt Bricks Bole Armenic c. Nutmegs are possess'd of a temperat Oyl fit for moderating the Acrimony of the Humours The Conserve of the Fruit of the common Briar Syrup and Conserve of Oak-Buds Juice of House-leek and Nitre dissolv'd in Elder-flower-water are much approv'd Take of Prepared Chalk two Drams Nutmegs burnt Ivory of each a Dram Mineral Unicorn Red Coral and Crabs Eyes of each two Scruples With four or six Ounces of Sugar dissolv'd in Purslain-water make Tablets Take of the Conserve of Oak-Buds an Ounce Prepared Chalk two Drams Nutmegs one Dram. Make an Electuary If the Evacuations be needful Tamarinds are most proper When a stronger Purgation is desir'd Rhubarb Pills of Ammoniac and Elixir Proprietatis are likewise convenient In an Inveterat case we have recourse to Vomits SECT VIII Of Disorders hindring the due Separation of the Chyle from the Excrements in the Guts THE Victuals having made a sufficient stay in the Stomac repair to the Guts under the form of Chyle which wants to be further prepar'd by being rid of its Curd or gross Excrements before it enter the Vasa Lactea This separation of the good and bad is perform'd by the Gall and Pancreatic Juice The former is an Oyly sulphureous Body which tinctures the Chyle and predisposes it for being converted into Blood It defends it from Corruption destroys any remains of Acidity and ferments with the Pancreatic Juice which is a temperat Acid. Thus they joyntly attack the Chyle attinuat its parts and precipitat the Coarser in order to expulsion while the more refin'd are receiv'd by the Milky Vessels and convey'd to the Blood If this fermentation and separation be irregularly perform'd the Body is expos'd to an infinity of Diseases In a word all Chronical Distempers are owing to the lameness of this performance and that of the first Digestion From these two Juices viz. the Gall and Pancreatic Juice together with the Pituita compos'd of the Saliva and remains of the Chyle in the Stomac Sylvius fetch'd the Causes of a great many Diseases not only Agues but all Chronical Distempers and Symptoms of the lower Belly For the least disorder in that Triumvirat obstructs the due purification and conveyance of the Chyle which cannot but produce many Inconveniencies in the Body Now each of these Juices is accountable for its own faults If the Gall be too copious it renders the Chyle too Oyly and ought to be purg'd out If too sharp or saline it ought to be temper'd by dulcify'd Acids If too fat or oyly it ought to be sharpen'd with volatil Aromatic Salts If it be lazy or do not flow into the Duodenum it ought to be stir'd up and a passage open'd to it by spirituous volatil Medicines As for the Juice of the Sweet-bread if it be too rank it ought to be carry'd off If too acid or austere its austerity causes Constipation of the Belly Gripings and Suffocations of the Womb it ought to be temper'd by Alcali's both fix'd and volatil as fix'd Salts Earths Chalybeat and Antimonial Medicines Castor Galangal Ginger distill'd aromatic Oyls and Spirits c. If it be too flat or deficient it ought to be retriev'd by dulcify'd mineral acid Spirits Juice of Quinces c. If the Chyle it self be deprav'd in the first Digestion it s softer coarse parts that stick to the Guts viz. the mucus that defends them from the sharpness of these two Juices is likewise disorder'd and ought to be put to rights If it be too copious purge it off with Coloquintida If too viscid attenuat it with volatil Salts if deficient repair it with viscous Food But for so much at 't is a difficult Task to trace the peculiar faults of every Juice apart we shall touch at such Medicines as are equally calculated for redressing all their Disorders Those are the temperat salin Ingredients as Arcanum Duplicatum the Carminative Spirit Spirit of Nitre dulcify'd with a triple quantity of the Spirit of Aniseeds together with Opiats As for Example Take of Carduus Benedictus Endive and Mint Waters of each an Ounce Sal Armoniac six drams dulcify'd Spirit of Mint a scruple prepar'd Crabs Eyes a dram Diaphoretic Antimony a scruple Laudanum Opiatum three grains Syrup of Orange-peel half an ounce Mix and give a spoonful now and then SECT IX Of Disorders relating to the Expulsion of the Excrements by Stool THE Chyle having drop'd its Excrements in the Guts pursues its Journey to the Blood These Excrements ought to be voided in due time The hindrances of their regular Evacuation are such as either impair enlarge or deprave it CHAP. I. Of the Diseases which impair the Evacuation by Stool ARTIC I. Of Costiveness THE Causes of Costiveness respect either the Excrements or the Guts Of the former sort are the paucity of Excrements for want of Victuals Their hardness and dryness occasion'd by neglect of drinking excessive sleep and rest swallowing Cherry-stones or Gooseberryskins eating Chesnuts Eggs boyl'd hard Crust of Bread and Medlars Their viscidity and glutinosity caus'd by viscous Victuals or an acid austere Constitution of Body and want of Exercise Their Condensation and Coagulation caus'd by the austere acidity of the Pancreatic Juice and defect of the oyly bilious Alcali all which makes 'em unfit for observing the Peristaltic Motion of the Guts and dispose 'em to stagnat The Causes relating to the Guts are Obstructions or fleshy Excrescences in the Guts their Compression as in Women with Child their Inflammation or Gangrene their growing together after the Corrosion of a Dysentery the Paralytic Relaxation of their Fibres which in Apoplexies eludes Clysters Their Convulsive Contractions occasion'd by Colic or Nephritic Pains which are frequently augmented by strong irritating Purgatives but remov'd by smooth Laxatives Now all these Causes hinder the Guts to perform their wonted Office of forwarding the Excrements by their Peristaltic Motion Sometimes a Costiveness is follow'd by a loathing vomiting gnawing shooting Pains in the Belly uneasiness watchings giddiness and Head-ach If it be inveterat it may occasion a bleeding at Nose If the Excrements be lodg'd in the Colon they creat an uneasiness resembling the splenetic Illness which frequently imposes upon Physitians The disorders of the Head and Hypocondriac Symptoms are inlarg'd by Costiveness which to young Persons threaten an Epilepsie If attended by an Iliac Passion Colic Pains or a Palsie of the Guts 't is very dangerous To Childbearing Women it renders Delivery difficult The Cure consists in softening watering and attenuating the Excrements or in removing the Causes which straiten the Capacity of the Guts reviving their Sense and appeasing their Irritations For the former purposes Oyl of sweet Almonds with solutive Syrup of Roses Salt of the tendrels of Vines mix'd with Spirit of Salt soft potch'd Eggs with Butter drinking
Disease call'd Cholera A Cholera is a Disease in which the vicious humors are impetuously thrown out both upwards and downwards with a violent Pain in the Stomac and Belly distention of the Hypocondria Heartburnings Thirst Perplexity of the Breast a swift and sometimes small pulse frequent swoonings unquietness tossing a Coldness in the outer Parts Cold sweats especially upon the forehead prostration of strength and at last Convulsions and Hiccoughs This disease is call'd a wet Cholera in opposition to that call'd dry iâ— which nothing but wind is voided upwards and downwards It differs from a Diarrhaea only Gradually the symptoms being the same but only mere fierce The Causes are the same but more Exalted and Virulent The Seat of the illness is the Duodenum and Pylorus where the Inraged matter irritates the Choleric and Pancreatical Passages thro' which the Blood being overcharg'd with Heteregeneous particles indeavours to discharge ' em The occasional Causes are the same as those of a Looseness The Corruption and Acrimony of Food in the Stomac the Assumption of sharp Caustic Medicines such as Antimony Arsenic Mercury c. And the Internal malignity or depravation of the humors 'T is an acute disease and quickly finishes its Course If the Excrements be Livid Fetid Black or Corrosive if it accompany malignant Feavers especially in the Beginning and if the Stomac be very much disorder'd it proves fatal It observes a Tertian Period in its Exasperations And frequently relapses after an apparent Cure As touching the Cure Alexipharmacal Medicines are absolutely necessary If it proceed from corruptible and fermenting things taken inwardly such as Summer Fruits c. we must not be over-forward in stopping it especially if such things be voided as ought to be so Far less is it allowable to give Purgatives for they increase the Tumult Opiats indeed ought never to be omitted If the Patient be extreme weak give 'em in small Doses and frequently otherwise very large Doses are requir'd We mix 'em with Bezoars and diaphoretic Antimony All cold drink must be avoided Wine is very proper Watery diluting Decoctions are likewise very necessary for eluding the edge of the Salts In the declination of the Disease the Stomac ought to be corroborated with proper Remedies The Remedies prescrib'd in the last Article are all convenient here especially the Juice of Mint Sal Prunel Tincture of the golden Earth made with Spirit of Salt a notable astringent prepar'd Crystal Emerald Chalybeats c. If the Disease be caus'd by Poyson Oyl of sweet Almonds Milk fresh Butter and absorbent Powders especially prepar'd Chrystal and seal'd Earth If it proceed from the abuse of Summer Fruits besides gentle discussives and cleansers the fix'd Salts and Earths mix'd with Opiats are proper If it arise from a malign ferment the Juices and Syrups of Pomgranats red Corants Barberries Syrup of Coral Spirit of Vitriol of Steel seal'd Earth mix'd with Spirit of Vitriol Solar Jovial Martial Bezoar Bezoardic Tincture and such like are convenient Opium Diascordium Conserve of Mint Spirit and Extract of Venice Treacle and especially Camphyr are the most noted general Specifics against a Cholera The forms of Recipe's are the same as above As Take of Venice Treacle a dram seal'd Earth two Scruples mix for a Bolus to be taken in a spoonful of Vinegar of Wine Take of the Conserve of Mint a dram seal'd Earth prepat'd red Coral and prepar'd Crystal of each half a dram Laudanum Opiatum two grains With Quercetanus's Syrup of Coral make an Electuary Take of Purslain Water three ounces Cinnamom Water half an ounce Spirit of Venice Treacle and Diascordium of each two drams Confection Alkermes one dram unburnt Hartshorn half a dram Syrup of Coral six drams Make a Potion to be given by spoonfuls Take of Mint Water two ounces Cinnamom Water Bezoardic Vinegar and Spirit of Venice Treacle camphoris'd of each half an Ounce with Syrup of the Juice of Citrons make a Potion The external Remedies mention'd in the last Article are proper in this Spirit of Wine camphoris'd mix'd with Venice Treacle is a noble Epithema for the Stomac if apply'd hot with several folds of Linnen If a Cholera proceed from an Error in Diet it sometimes happens but very rarely that a gentle cleansing Medicine wou'd not be amiss Such as are Whey alter'd with solutive Syrup of Roses or Pulp of Tamarinds gentle Infusions of Rhubarb c. But Milk Clysters with Venice Treacle or Diascordium dissolv'd in 'em are always useful If a Cholera be caus'd by the violence of purging Medicines Laudanum Opiatum or Treacle or Confection Alkermes dissolv'd in warm Wine is a Sovereign Remedy Essence of Venice Treacle mix'd with that of Opium and given to forty drops twice or thrice a day is very successful against a Cholera caus'd by Emetics ART III. Of a Lienteria A Lienteria is a Looseness by which the Meat is sent out before it be alter'd The Causes are an Ulcer in the Stomac or a sharp scorbutic Salt convey'd thither with the Saliva and by the Glandules of its Membrans or corrupted Victuals irritating the Stomac to an early contraction and evacuation of what it contains The Laxity of the Pylorus occasion'd by much drinking and the Deficiency Laziness and Depravation of the Stomachical ferment leaving the Meat undigested The use of Signs is to distinguish the Causes If the Stomac be irritated there 's a gnawing heat in the Stomac accompany'd by Vomiting If the ferment be weak the Appetit is dejected the Breath fetid and the Cavity of the Stomac and Guts molested with Wind and Noise A Chronical Lienteria exhausts the Strengh and tends to a Consumption If it follow other heavy Distempers or accompany a Scurvy or seize Women with Child 't is very dangerous The Indications of Cure are to corroborat the Stomac and Pylorus by Medicines prescrib'd in the first Section of this Book and mitigat the irritating Acrimony of Humors by such Remedies as are us'd against a Cholera Looseness c. Gentle Vomits are proper if the Stomac be stuff'd with pituitous Excrements But such as are fat and oily ought to be avoided for they relaxat the Fibres of the Stomac If Vomiting be not convenient gentle astringent Purgatives are allowable such as Rhubarb or the Pills of Aloe or those of Mastic But by all means let strong Purges be prohibited If there be any suspicion of Poyson or if the Lienteria proceed from Summer Fruits and such corruptible things let Alexipharmacal Medicines be exhibited As for corroborating Medicines see the Chapter of Vomiting and that of a looseness The Antiscorbutic Tincture of Coral Allum us'd as above and Eggs boyl'd hard with Nutmegs and Rose Vinegar Spirit of Salt c. are of noted vertue for that purpose The Irritation of the Stomac is cur'd by Opiats mix'd with Spices and absorbent Powders as in a looseness Externally we apply as above directed in the Chapters of Inappetency Vomiting c.
ART IV. Of the Looseness call'd Caeliaca A Caeliaca is a Looseness by which the Chyle is voided together with the Excrements The Stomac is not faulty Chylification being duly perform'd there But the blame must either be cast on the Bile that is stopp'd in its Passage to the Guts or degenerat from its saline Acrimony and so unfit for separating the Chyle or on the milky Vessels thro which the Chyle ought to pass as having their Orifices cover'd with slime or shut by the Contraction and Corrosion of the Intestines by loosenesses c. Somtimes the obstruction of the Glandules of the Mesentery will also cause a Caeliaca If the Bile be defective the Excrements are white pale and parti-colour'd without any sign of Separation If the obstruction of the milky Vessels cause the Disease the Excrements are ting'd yellow and the Chyle tho voided at the same time is but loosely mix'd with 'em as having been separated in the Guts but disappointed of its Passage If the Bile be lazy or its Passage stop'd we use the Medicines prescrib'd for the Jaundice If the milky Vessels are block'd up we endeavour to remove the slime that besets 'em by attenuating opening Ingredients Astringents are not proper Mint Wormwood the opening Roots Rhubarb Fennel Aniseeds Gum Ammoniac distill'd with Verdigrese Sulphur and Oxymel c. are fit for opening the Obstructions After which the Tincture of Tartar or the Tincture of the dross of Regulus Antimonii or Chalybeat Tinctures mix'd with the Spirit of Salarmoniac or that of Urine or that de tribus are very convenient CHAP. III. Of Depravations relating to the Expulsion of Excrements by Stool ART I. Of a Desentery Tenesmus Hepatic Flux and Ieching of the Anus A Dysentery properly so call'd is a voiding of Blood and purulent Matter with throws and gripings In which sense 't is distinguish'd from the painless evacuation of thin watery Blood from the internal Hemorroid Veins call'd by the Ancienâ—s the Hepatic Flux and likewise from the natural discharge of Blood independent of the Guts caus'd by its redundancy in the Body as after Amputations suppression of the Terms c. or by its Acrimony opening the Vessels or the obstruction of the Bowels hindring its Circulation The Cause is some sharp acid that irritates the Guts provokes 'em to Contractions assembles the Blood by vertue of its Provocation and corrodes the Orifices of the Blood Vessels This may proceed from the Corruption of Matter in the Guts Summer Fruits Sugar Hony new Wine which become acid and ferment with the Bile Mercury Coloquintida Antimony Lead the coarse Powder of an Adamant Worms c. which vellicat the Guts and amass sharp humors in ' em If the acidity and sharpness be owing to these Causes the Dysentery is benign and free of Contagion But the cause of an epidemical malignant contagious looseness is a corrupt volatil acid not lodg'd in the Guts but immediately reigning in the Blood perverting its texture opening the Vessels inserted into the Guts and provoking 'em to convulsive Contractions from whence insue a malignant Feaver Gripings and bloody Stools So that tho previous Excoriations may take place in benign Dysenteries there is no occasion for 'em in the contagious malignant sort It being a sufficient cause of bloody Stools that the caustic ferment is a mortal Enemy to the Guts like to that of Antimony or Arsenic that perpetually thwarts and provokes 'em to Convulsions Upon which they squeeze out their blood together with their nutritious Juice that they are not then in a Capacity to receive and which is by some taken for the Mucus of the Guts whereas the large Quantities that are voided do sufficiently evince the contrary The signs are these The sick Person is seiz'd with unsufferable griping Pains in the Guts follow'd by frequent stools at first of whitish matter afterwards of Blood and slime mix'd together When he goes to Stool he is grievously tortur'd and the Guts and Bowels seem to descend If the Dysentery be malignant 't is wonderfully contagious propagating it self not only by the Breath but by using the same Clyster-pipe A malignant Feaver and all its dismal Symptoms accompany it If in the progress of the Disease pure Blood be voided 't is a sign of the corrosion or opening of some large Vessel in the Guts or Mesentery If a Dysentery be unseasonably stop'd the Guts are inflam'd and gangren'd the Throat beset with Wheals and Pimples the Intestinum Rectum sometimes molested with a Tenesmus and do vnfalling the Appetit dejected upon which insue Nauseating Vomiting the Hiccough Watchings and at last fatal Convulsions If the great Guts are affected the Pain is heavy and obscure seated towards the sides of the Belly and quickly follow'd by Stools the Excrements Slime and Blood are but indifferently mix'd and the Stomac less disorder'd than when the small Guts are the seat of the Evil for then there is a notable propension to Vomit the pain is more pricking and shooting plac'd above and below the Navel and not so quickly follow'd by Evacuations and the Matter when evacuated is exactly mix'd without any signs of distinction There are three degrees observable in a Dysentery The Symptoms of the first are bloody and slimy Stools In the second the slime gives some signs of an Excoriation and in the third of an Exulceration When the Guts are excoriated 't is either the Crust that covers 'em or part of their thick Tunicle or at most the Caruncles or inflam'd Glandules of the Guts that is voided If a Dyfentery be attended by a Vomiting Hiccough and malignant Symptoms if the Excrements are green black or fetid if the Looseness began from a green black corrosive Bile or an acid salin tenacious Pituita 't is a dangerous Case Convulsions and Doatings usher in Death The voiding of Caruncles is a fatal sign The Indolency of the Guts signifies a Gangrene If the Anus be so contracted that nothing can enter it bespeaks a fatal tumor in the Intestinum Rectum if it hang out and open so that Clysters are not retain'd t is Paralytic A Feaver succeeding to a Dysentery is a sign of the Inflammation or Corruption of the Intestins A Dysentery is frequently fatal to Women with Child unless it be very benign and not long before the time of Delivery If a bitter taste in the Mouth and bilious Vomits happen in the beginning if a Lienteria Hiccough wheals in the Throat or spots in the Face happen after it has continu'd some time and if the Intestines are ulcerated Death is at hand If the Person belch or fart 't is a good sign If the great Guts are the proper seat of the Evil there 's less danger Splenetic and gouty People are sometimes benefited by a Dysentery Now in order to form a distinct Idea of the Cure let us first give ear to the following Cautions 1. That by all means we ought to distinguish malignant Dysenteries from such as are benign
Syrup of Carduus Benedictus half an Ounce Make a Potion for one Dose In fine the Common Prescriptions against all sorts of Dysenteries are such as these following Take of the shavings of a Stag's Pizzle half an Ounce Comfrey Roots Tragacanth and Nutmegs of each three Drams seal'd Earth Bole Armenic Burnt Hartshorn and Zedoary of each a Dram and an half Make a Powder You may add Laudanum Opiatum and Oyl of Cinnamom Take of the Extract of Tormentil twenty four Grains Vipers Livers Prepar'd Crabs Eyes of each a Scruple Hysteric Laudanum nine Grains Distill'd Oyl of Cinnamom two Drops Mix for two Doses Ye may add Troches of Amber and Prepar'd Crystal Take of Venice Treacle a Dram Prepar'd Blood-stone a Scruple Dead Men's Bones Calcin'd fifteen Grains Sugar of Lead six Grains Make a Bolus Take of the Rob of the Fruit of the Service Tree a Dram and a half Chalybeat-Bezoar fifteen Grains Dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol six Grains Laudanum Opiatum two Grains make a Bolus Take of Diascordium an Ounce and a half the Shavings of a Whales Pizzle three Drams Troches of Amber a Dram and a half Flowers of Sulphur a Dram. With Juice of Quinces make an Electuary Of which take a Convenient quantity at Morning Noon and Evening Take of Crude Allum half a Dram Cinnamon an Ounce and a half Make a Powder Dose a Scruple to be taken in Red Wine Take of Tormentil Water two or three Ounces Cinnamon-Water Prepar'd with Quinces an Ounce Spirit of Venice Treacle Camphoris'd three Drams Syrup of Comfrey an Ounce Mix for a Vehicle to the above-mention'd Powders Take of Plantan Water three Ounces Cinnamon Water six Drams Vinegar of Roses half an Ounce Diascordium two Drams Troches of Amber or those of Seal'd Earth half a Dram Prepar'd Crabs Eyes two Scruples Diaphoretic Antimony a Scruple Syrup of Myrtle-berries or of Quinces an Ounce Mix. Sugar of Lead Dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol Extract of Tormentil and Shavings of a Dead Man's Scull may be added or mutually shifted by turns After the Symptoms are mitigated by the use of the foregoing Prescriptions it will not be improper to exhibit some healing things calculated for the Corrosion or Ulceration of the Intestines Such are the Balsam of Sulphur prepar'd with Oyl of Amber or Annis or of Juniper-berries or of Turpentin Balsam of Peru given to half a Scruple with Sugar or with the Yelk of an Egg To which we may add the Vulnerary Decoctions As Take of the Leaves of Ground-Ivy Plantan and Tormentil of each a handful Pomgranat Flowers three little handfuls Shavings of a Whale's Pizzle three Ounces Boyl 'em in Black-Smiths-water To two Pounds of the strain'd Liquor add Syrup of Coral and that of Comfrey of each three Ounces Mix and exhibit a large Draught twice or thrice a day with fifteen Drops of the Balsam of Sulphur As for Clysters we ought to be very cautious of using ' em Anodyn Clysters for allaying the Pain and tempering the sharp Humors are made of Chalybeat Milk with Emollent Ingredients boyl'd in it and mix'd with Laudanum Opiatum Turpentin Venice Treacle Goats Tallow and Yelks of Eggs. Pouders are not convenient for they stick to the Guts and provoke ' em Vulnerary Healing Clysters are prepar'd from Vulnerary Decoctions or the Decoction or Juice of River Crabs mix'd with Balsam of Peru Goats Tallow and Oyl of Linseed Externally apply a Plaister of Venice Treacle to the Belly and take of Express'd Oyl of Nutmegs half an Ounce Balsam of Sulphur prepar'd with Oyl of Anis two Drams Balsam of Peru a Dram. Make a Liniment and anoint the Belly Take of Oak leaves and Bran of each three handfuls Flowers of Chamomil and of Mullein of each two handfuls Make two Quilted Bags to be dipp'd in warm Vinegar one large and round to be applied to the Navel the other long and small for the Breech Some reap benefit by sitting upon the Caput Mortuum of Vitriol when they go to stool others by applying a Cataplasm of Arsemart Leaves bruis'd and beaten up with Chalybeat Wine others by receiving the smoak of Burnt Harts-horn or Vinegar or Ginger thrown upon burning Coals just under their Breech when they go to stool A Tenesmus is a Retainer to Dysenteries being a perpetual but vain desire of going to stool The Immediat Cause is the irritation of the Intestinum Rectum especially that part of it that is surrounded with the Sphincter This Irritation may proceed by Consent or Sympathy from Nephritic Pains a Stone in the Bladder or Distention of the Womb or Essentially from a tenacious Corrosive Acid Humor thrown upon that Gut either by a preceeding Dysentery or sharp Purgatives from Inflammations occasion'd by the suppression of the Piles and the Corrosion of the worms call'd Ascarides An Essential Tenesmus is more dangerous than a Sympathetical one If it continue long it degenerats into Ulcers and Fistula's of the Anus In Women with Child it frequently causes miscarriage As for the Cure Let the Irritation be abated by Opiats If a Tenesmus proceed from a sharp renacious humor Abstergent Clysters and Fomentations are proper If the Intestin be excoriated temperat soft Ingredients are requir'd Take of Mullein flowers two handfuls Seeds of Red Vetches two Ounces Salt of Tartar a Dram Boyl 'em in Water To a Pound of the strain'd Liquor add two Ounces of Goats Tallow and an Ounce of Hony of Roses Mix for two Clysters The Decoction of Worms in Milk is likewise very proper But all Clysters ought to be injected in small quantities at a time Foment the Anus with the Decoction of Mullein flowers in Milk Or apply a bag quilted with Toad flax and Mullein Leaves and the flowers of Mullein and Chamomil and boyl'd in Chalybeat Milk Or let the Anus be fumigated with hot Bricks or Iron thrown into warm Vinegar Or with the Decoction of Savin in Water and Vinegar Or with Myrrh Frankincense Roses c. thrown upon burning Coals If the Intestin be Ulcerated inject Vulnerary Decoctions with the Oyl of Wax Or anoint with a Liniment of the Oyl of Roses and Earthworms mix'd with the Solution of Litharge in Vinegar Or thrust up a suppository of Unguentum Album Camphoratum Diapompholygos and dulcify'd Earth of Vitriol Internally the Oyl of Mastic with Mint Water or the red Oyl of Vitriol with Broth is much approv'd The Hepatic flux is a Painless voiding of Watry Blood from the Internal Hemorrhoid Veins which the Ancients fancy'd to proceed from the Liver It either follows the Excoriation caus'd by a preceeding Dysentery or is occasion'd by the ordinary Causes of Eruption of Blood of which elsewhere Opiats Astringents and gentle Laxatives especially Raisins are the Basis of its Cure Some Persons are troubled with an Itching of the Anus If it be caus'd by the approach of any External sharp thing let it be fomented with warm Milk and Rose Water If it tend to an Ulcer apply a Liniment of Sulphur
Scars following the Corrosion of a Dysentery or Looseness or interrupted by its own viscidity or slime squeez'd into its Vessels from the Guts and afterwards congeal'd of which we have a plain Instance in the Case of drinking cold Liquors after a violent hot Exercise for as much as the heat melts the slime and the motion drives it into the Vessels and the sudden arrival of cold Liquor cuts off its retreat by causing its Coagulation so that it either stagnats or proceeds with the Chyle to the Blood and depraves its Crasis This viscidity or crudity of the Chyle or of the Humor its Companion is the true cause of all Chronical Distempers falsly imputed by the Ancients to Obstructions or contrary Qualities of the Bowels That there are Obstructions I do not deny Some in the Blood Vessels causing Inflammations Others in the Lymphatic or perhaps those of the Chyle causing the rupture of the Vessels and effusion of the Lymph upon the Cavities of the Body And others again in the Bowels appearing in the form of Imposthumes and Schirrus's But these are rather the effect than cause of Chronical Diseases That stagnation of the Liquors in their respective Vessels is occasion'd by their viscidity The viscidity is caus'd by acid Crudities attending the Chyle and debauching the Blood and Lymph Moreover the proneness of Imposthumes to suppurate and that of Schirrus's to become Ganeers are solid proofs of their being caus'd by a viscous acid And as to the Antipathy of the Bowels 't is inconsistent with the Laws of Circulation The Blood and Spirits are equally the cause of heat all over the Body if all the parts be equally 〈◊〉 pos'd for their Reception 'T is true indeed a particâ—â—â—â— Bowel or external part may be occasionally weakâ—â—â— and suffer a Relaxation of its Fibres or by vertue of acid pointed Particles darted into its Bosom like that of a Thorn into the Finger may be disturb'â— with Heat and Inflammation while the others retain their cooler Temperature But it plainly appears that these effects are not owing to any Radical Antipathy in the Qualities of the Bowels but the occasional unequal Distribution of the viscous acid Particles It remains therefore to be concluded upon that the acid Crudity of the Chyle impress'd upon it in the first Passages is the natural and obvious cause of Chronical Distempers and that Obstructions may be effected by the long duration of these Distempers but cannot claim the priviledge of being their Causes This Hypothesis will be set in a clearer light by surveying the Symptoms and the Method of Curing these Chronical Distempers The former are acid Belchings Wind loss of Appetit Gripings and noise in the Guts incident heat and Inflammation Looseness c. the natural Progeny of an acid Crudity And as touching the latter the whole Circle of Specifics is generally made to center in an aperient Vertue Now the Preparations of Steel and Lead do justly lead the Van of this numberless Catalogue And how these astringent Medicines should be intitled to an opening Vertue all the Posse of Writers is at a loss to explain Whereas 't is an obvious Solution that these metallin Particles suck up and incounter the acid Crudity and transform it into a vitriolic Concrete which is afterwards evacuated under the form of black Excrements So that it opens or unlocks the Passages only indirectly by subduing the hostil Intruder Antiscorbutic volatil salin Medicines and Gums are likewise us'd Now they attinuat the viscous Humor precipitat the rank acid fortifie the Stomac the original source of the Evil and whet the Bile And here by the way 't will not be improper to take notice that the Essences commonly prepar'd from volatil Antiscorbutic Herbs as the Essence of Scurvygrass c. fall short of the original vertue of their Herbs as containing only the volatil Salt strip'd of the fix'd Salt which withal is very useful Upon which account I prefer the Quintessences made of the Oyl and both the Spirits one prepar'd by Fermentation and the other by Putrefaction These two being mix'd with the distill'd Oyl by long Digestion and frequent Cohobation And besides all Antiscorbutic Spirits prepared by Fermentation ought to be frequently cohobated in order to extract the fixed Alcalin Salt Tartar also is a great Specific in these Cases But its Cream is too acid Let it be mix'd with half the quantity of Salt of Tartar dissolv'd in warm water after Fermentation filtrated and set to evaporat Thus its Acidity is conquer'd It s volatil Spirit or rather that drawn from the Dregs of Wine or the Carminative Spirit prepar'd from Nitre Tartar and Spirit of Wine and all volatil Preparations of Tartar are of wonderful efficacy in clearing the first Passages correcting the Digestive Ferment and conquering the acid of Wine that we in these Countries are so obnoxious to In the Animal Province Man's Urine given to drink and all urinous Spirits and Salts especially the Spirit of Salarmoniac prepar'd with Quick-lime are noted antiacids in all Chronical Distempers The Spirit of Ants and that of Earth-worms are famous Anti-scorbutics Of the Mineral Family Steel is the Head It ought not to be much impregnated with an acid otherwise it will not dissolve in the Body The best way of giving it is either in crude Powder or by way of extract taken from its Infusion in the Juice of Apples Quinces or of Tamarinds or a Tincture taken from the same with Spirit of Scurvygrass The Tincture of Steel prepar'd with Spirit of Bread is likewise a proper form It s Crocus is best prepar'd by sprinkling it with Juice of Cichory and exposing it to the Sun Next to Steel is Lead especially its Sugar and the Antiphthisical Tincture prepar'd from it and vitriol of Steel with Spirit of Wine From these Premises we infer that the Cause of all Chronical Distempers is a viscous acid Crudity either bred in the Stomac or caus'd by the vicious Effervescencies of the Gall and the Juice of the Pancreas in the Guts Upon which Account all Stomachical attenuating anti-acid Medicines are the true Antidote of these Diseases And whoever attempts to cure 'em without a special regard to the Stomac and first Passages shoots short of his Mark The forms of Recipe's shall be inserted in the particular Description of the respective Diseases SECT XIV Of Diseases relating to the Lungs and Organs of Respiration THUS far we have consider'd the Chyle in its separat State It remains now to survey its state of Complication with the Blood The mix'd Mass of Blood and Chyle is carried from the Axillary Vein to the descending Trunc of the Vena Cava from thence 't is convey'd to the right Ventricle of the Heart and before its entry into the left Ventricle is thrown into the Lungs by the Vena Arteriosa The Lungs are a heap of little Bladders joyn'd by a simple Membran endow'd with moving Fibres and require to be dilated before the Blood
can have admission This Dilatation is perform'd by the Air and Muscles The Midriff together with the Subclavian and Intercostal Muscles inlarge the Capacity of the Breast upon which there being no Vacuum the Air crouds into the Lungs and distends 'em to fill up the void space The Lungs being thus distended the blood empties it self into 'em and by vertue of the universal Salt of the Air its Mass is dissolv'd rarify'd volatilis'd and freed of its Steams This Admission of Air or Dilatation of the Lungs is call'd Inspiration And the Expulsion of it or successive compression of the Lungs forwarding the Blood to the left Ventricle of the Breast is stil'd Expiration the complex Action bearing the title of Respiration CHAP. I. Of Inspiration abolish'd or Suffocation SUffocation is a denying of admission to the Air. The Cause may relate either to the Passages thro which the Air is to pass or to the Lungs that are to receive it or to the Muscles that ought to dilate the Breast The Passages are embarassed by external Ligatures which if they be suddenly put on extinguish all manner of Sense in an instant by being fill'd with Water or drowning by Tumors and Inflammations in the Neighborhood of the Wind-pipe by swallowing bulky things that stick in the Gullet and press the Wind-pipe or bear down the Epiglottis by forcing things into the Wind-pipe by laughing or speaking in the time of eating by Hairs c. sticking to the Epiglottis and disturbing its motion or by a large Polypus in the Nose spreading its Branches to the Throat After strangling we endeavour to bring the Person to life by Blood-letting pouring down spirituous Liquors and rubbing the Joynts If the Suffocation is caus'd by being under Water we hang up the Person by the Heels that the Water may run out then apply a Toast soak'd in Spirit of Wine and exhibit Sudorifics or sometimes a gentle Vomit If any bulky thing stick in the Throat give 'em a blow on the Back and exhibit Oyl of sweet Almonds or Cassia If it stick in the Wind-pipe Coughing Sneezing and Vomiting will bring it up If a Bone stick in the Gullet let it be brought up by an Instrument or apply a suppurating Cataplasm or exhibit a Vomit A narrowness of the Passage caus'd by Aqua fortis is cur'd by the Mucilage of Quinces A sudden Suffocation affecting the Lungs immediately is caus'd by Narcotic Sulphurous Steams of New Wine or Ale new Plaistering Coal-Pits and other Mineral Fumes which destroy the Airy Spirit that should ferment the Blood and so cause its Stagnation in the Lungs and extinguish the animal Spirits producing Apoplexies Carus's and many dismal Symptoms For Cure let the Person be carried into free Air the Mouth open'd and Wind Artificially procur'd let a liquid Vomit mix'd with the Essence of Castor or Apoplectic-waters be thrown down the Throat Let Vinegar in which Castor is infus'd be exhibited by Spoonfuls If the Person be Plethoric open a Vein Apply outwardly Epithema's of Vinegar to the Scrotum and Testicles Blow Sneezing Powders into the Nostrils and rub the Temples and Nostrils with little Bags of Marjoram and Fennel-Flower-seeds infus'd in Vinegar Note Tho Vinegar be of admirable Efficacy against the Gas or Steams of Vegetables yet 't is not proper against a Mineral Gas Lastly The Causes of Suffocation relating to the Muscles of the Breast are their Paralytic Apoplectic Condition or Convulsions of the Larynx occasion'd by the Disorder of the Nerves of the Par Vagum and those of the Intercostal Branch as in the case of Hysteric and Hypochondriac fits Poyson or eating a sort of strangling Mushrooms Venery c. The Cure is perform'd by Essence of Castor Volatil Salt of Amber Camphyr Opiats and such Medicines as we use against Hysteric and Epileptic Fits Vomits Oxymel of Squills and Venice Treacle are Specifics against the poysonous Mushrooms CHAP. II. Of Inspiration deprav'd or difficult Breathing ART I. Of Asthma's AN Asthma is a frequent difficult Respiration attended by a perplexity in the Breast and sometimes a Cough and Snoring Sometimes 't is so violent that the Patient cannot breathe unless he stand upright and then 't is call'd Orthopnaeia The general Cause of all Asthma's is the Constriction of the Vesicles of the Lungs The particular Causes are various Some Asthma's are moist proceeding from vicious Matter provoking the Lungs and Wind-pipe to Contractions and frequently attended by coughing spitting and snoring tho not always Others are Dry occasion'd by the Convulsions of the Organs of Respiration or dryness of the Lungs without the influence of any deprav'd humor The Matter that gives rise to the moist sort is frequently lodg'd in the Stomac and first Passages and by distending them presses the Lungs and Diaphragm Hence wind and acid Crudities such as Hypocondriac or Scorbutic Persons are generally lyable to frequently cause a difficult Breathing in a Morning when they lye upon their backs in Bed Or after eating especially at Night or after Drinking Wine Dropsies also distending the Muscles of the Belly and Crouding the Blood with serum may occasion a difficulty of Breathing If the matter lodge in the Lungs 't is either Originally bred within 'em or transfer'd thither from other Parts If it be bred there it proceeds from the Depravation of the Nutritious Juice of the Lungs and Wind Pipe occasion'd by Mineral Steams or Vicious Air or the Viscidity and Sharpness of the Lymph that waters ' em For if their Nutritious Juice be perverted it degenerats into a tartareous hard or otherwise Noxious matter Imposthumes and Ulcers in the Lungs may also be reckon'd as Causes of this Kind of Asthma If the Peccant humor be not bred in the Lungs it proceeds either from serum thrown upon 'em or the Bronchia or Blood stagnating within ' em The former cause takes place sometimes in the Declensions of Feavers or when the Pores of the Body are stop'd The latter in a Redundancy of Blood Suppression of the Terms or Piles in Cachectic Persons whose Blood is Glutinous and Stuff'd with Crudities and consequently requires more time for Rarefaction in the Lungs in the case of sudden fear or Drinking of Cold Water immediatly after the Blood has been rarify'd by a Violent heat Any Acid matter that 's apt to Coagulat the Blood may also produce the same effect As for dry Asthma's They may proceed from a preternatural form of the Back and Breast or from Stones and Schirrus's in the Lungs But the more Notable Cause is the Convulsions of the Organs of Respiration especially the Diaphragm occasion'd by the disorders of the lower Belly as in Hysteric or Hypochondriac Fits the Contorsion of the Backbone Nephritic Arthritic and Gouty Pains Or in General any Acid humor irritating the Nerves whether in the Abdomen or Brain But especially in the Abdomen for the Nerves of the Par Vagum and those of the Inter-Costal Branch furnish both the Belly Breast and Neck
with Nerves and upon this Account we frequently observe that these Convulsive Asthma's are attended by disorderly Smptoms in the lower Belly Besides if we consider the Variety and Multitude of the Muscles imploy'd in Respiration and the various Motions and Contrary Offices they are obliged to perform we shall not be at a loss to Imagin what a sensible Influence any sort of Convulsions may have upon Breathing This Convulsive sort of Asthma's may likewise be caus'd by the Dryness and Flaccidity of the Lungs following the Depravation of their Nutritious Juice smoaking of Tobacco Mineral steams frequently irritating the Fibres of the Lungs c. The like may insue upon the striking in of a Scab or the unseasonable healing of an Ulcer the Blood being thereby render'd sharp and irritating and its Texture prone to irregular fermentations An Asthma is of its self manifest But the Symptoms ought to be heedfully regarded in order to distinguish the various Causes Those which proceed from a Vicious form of the Breast or from serum or slime covering the Lungs or from the Depravation of their own Nutritive Juice are continual Whereas the other sorts are Periodical All Asthma's agree in this Symptom that they are Exasperated at Night and when the Patient moves the Body or Changes the Air. Moist Asthma's are attended by a Cough snoring and comfortable Expectoration of matter in and after the Paroxysm If the snoring make a deep hollow sound the matter lodges in the Bronchia If it lodge within the substance of the Lungs the sound is flatter and the matter is not so Copiously brought up Dry Asthma's come suddenly and disappear in like manner without any visible cause or discovery of Noxious matter They are not attended by Snoring Coughing or Spitting unless it be towards the end of the Fit and even then very sparingly For the matter thus expectorated is not the cause of the Disease as in the moist kind but only squeez'd out by the Perplexity of the Muscles and Agitation of the Lungs Neither are they so greedy of Inspiration as of Exspiration which is contrary to the method of moist Asthma's If the cause of the Convulsive kind come Originally from the Head the fit is usher'd in by Head-aches and Swimming of the Head If from the Belly by a murmuring Noise in the Guts If the Midriff be chiefly affected Pain Girds that Part where 't is joyn'd to the short Ribs If the Muscles of the Breast the whole Breast seems to be squeez'd If those of the Throat and Wind Pipe they are as it were strangled If the Lungs themselves They can give no other account but that they cannot Breathe An Asthma in malignant Cases or Acute Feavers is a fatal Symptom The Convulsive sort is more common than the moist and of the moist ones that from the Stomac is more frequently met with If an Asthma be Inveterat it seldom admits of a Radical Cure and is oft-times follow'd by Cachexies Swellings of the Feet Dropsies and then Death it self If an Asthma be only a Symptom of other Diseases it yields to their Cure If it be of the moist kind the viscous matter ought to be attenuated and carried off and the Stomac or Lungs fortify'd The Convulsive kind is cur'd by appeasing the Spirits strengthening the Nerves and Diverting their Cause by Blistering Plaisters and Issues In order to obtain these ends the following Cautions will assist us 1. In the moist Asthma's there 's no Medicine equals a Vomit It equally clears both the Stomac and Lungs and may be given in the very height of the Fit without the least fear of stiffling In a dry Asthma proceeding from the lower Belly it may be exhited after the Paroxysm Antimonial Preparations or the Water or Syrup of Tobacco or the Juice of the flower de luce are proper on this occasion Some exhibit the Infusion of white Hellebor in Rhenish Wine Some mix Emetic Ingredients with attenuating Medicines but in so small Doses that they only Expectorat others premise attenuating Medicines by themselves and then exhibit a Vomit 2. Cause a Vein to be speedily open'd in any Asthma whatsoever and exhibit convenient Medicines for dissolving Congeal'd Blood Correcting its Cachexy and curbing its Turgescence 3. During the Fit let all manner of Purgatives be avoided After the Fit is over they are useful but ought always to be mix'd with Gum Ammoniac As Take of the Pills of Ammoniac fifteen Grains Sweet Mercury a scruple Extract of Troches Alhandal two Grains Distill'd Oyl of Anis two drops Make Pills Some use Quercetanus's Oxymel of Tobacco Others the Decoctions of Aromatic Herbs and Senna which evacuat Gradually 4. If the Disease proceed from serum it ought to be carried off by Sweat Urine Blistering Plaisters and Issues Sudorifics especially of the Decoction of Guajacum and Sassafras are always useful in dry Convulsive Asthma's They expectorat also and attenuat and therefore are not improper for the moist sort If the Stomac be faulty the Acid Crudity must be Corrected and Expell'd 5. Narcotics are of Sovereign use both in and before the Paroxysm of a dry Asthma In the moist kind If the Symptoms are very fierce they are not improper 6. If it proceed from a Particular cause it requires a Particular Cure As if it be caus'd by the retreat of a Scab or Itch let volatil sudorifics such as the Decoctions of Furmitory Elecampane Fennel Extract of Venice Treacle and the fixed Salts be used for recalling the Itch and if nothing prove effectual put the Patient to Bed with those that are Scabby If it proceed from Metallin Fumes as Mercury let Solar-Bezoar and Diaphoretic Antimony be exhibited If from sudden Cold or Drinking of Cold Water exhibit the Juice of Dasies in Wine The specifics commonly us'd for moist Asthma's or such as flow from a viscid matter whether in the Lungs or Stomac are the Roots of Cuckowpint Hyssop Horehound Rosemary and its Flowers Saffron Speedwell Zedoary especially its Spirit the Juice of Briony Elecampane Roots The Syrup or Volatil Salt of Tobacco for old Persons Essence of Saffron Essence of Sassafras the Juice of Radishes Oxymel of Squills mix'd with Cinnamon Water Gum Ammoniac above all dissolv'd in Vinegar Compound Spirit of Verdigrise mix'd with the thicken'd Juice of Coltsfoot Dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre Elixyr Proprietatis Sulphur or its Spirit per Campanam The Water of Turneps Sperma Caeti Turpentin dissolv'd with the yelk of an Egg in a Convenient Vehicle Balsam of Sulphur Prepar'd with Oyl of Anis Juice of Woodlice with Wine an incomparable Medicine and the Carminative Spirit if the Stomac be disorder'd A Mercurial Salivation or washes for the feet in some Cases are very effectual Take of the Roots of Cuckow-Pint four Scruples Roots of Florentin Orris and Cinnabar of Antimony of each two Scruples Flowers of Sulphur and Benzoin in Powder of each a Scruple Make a Powder Note the Faecula's of Cuckowpint Briony c. are good for nothing
in the Lungs and causes a plentiful evacuation of froth The slime that is also voided proceeds from the Glandules of the Wind Pipe which are provok'd to frequent Contractions by the Anxiety of the Breast and so separate large quantities of serum which accompanies the Air in Exspiration Besides the Pituitous Membran being straiten'd by this Anxiety Distills a viscous Lymph upon the Wind Pipe which helps to make up the quantity The remote causes of this stagnation which the Ancients erroneously miscall'd a Catarrh are 1. The redundancy or over-bearing Turgescence of Blood 2. The Viscidity of the Blood occasion'd by Crude Chyle 3. It s Coagulation caus'd by cold Air by an inconsiderat assumption of cold Water immediatly after great heats by fear or by the Influence of a Vicious Acid. 4. The accidental obstruction of the Lungs by Stones Excrescences c. The symptoms are a sense of weight upon the Breast difficulty of breathing danger of Choaking a very slow pulse and sometimes a Cough and a fatal evacuation of froth and slime 'T is distinguish'd from an Apoplexy by the difficulty of Respiration and lowness of the Pulse For Cure Blood-letting is absolutely necessary and ought to be perform'd betimes after which a sharp Clyster may be injected and scarifying Cupping-Glasses applied to several parts of the Body Then give Sperma Ceti to a dram in Hyssop Water Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar or its Spirit Prepar'd with Verdigris Saffron Volatil salt of Amber Spirit of Hartshorn Crabs Eyes Diaphoretic Antimony the Juice of the flowers of red Dasies and the Vulnerary herbs especially the Juice of Radishes are also very proper As for the Ligatures Frictions Cataplasms Plaisters Gargarisms c. recommended by the Ancients they are of no use as being only contriv'd in pursuit of their mistake assigning a Chimerical defluxion from the Head for the cause of this disease These three different sorts of choaking Diseases miscall'd Catarrhs ought to be carefully distinguish'd by reason that their Cures are so very different SECT XV. Of the accidents that disturb the transformation of the Chyle and fermentation of the Blood THE Chyle being separated in the Guts and convey'd thro' the milky vessels into the Conduit of the Breast joyns the Blood in the left Subclavian Vein and by vertue of fermentation is wrought into the same colour and consistence This Fermentation which for the most part assimilates the Chyle springs from the Vital Spirit and saline principle lodg'd in the Blood which is enliven'd and reinforc'd by the continu'd supplies of the air receiv'd in the Lungs For the Chyle is carried up to the Subclavian Vein in order to have a shorter passage into the Lungs where the mixt Composure of Blood and Chyle is dissolv'd and rarify'd the acid and urinous Salts are disengaged and render'd volatil which by justling and encountring each the other produce a notable Fermentation by virtue of which the Sulphureous and Volatil parts joyn together and are invested with a red Colour Besides the Chyle is tinctur'd with the Sulphur of the Choler in the Guts and so predispos'd to a likeness and easy union with the Blood This Transformation of the Chyle is not accomplish'd by one single passage thro' the Lungs but must be compleated by repeated Circulations along with the Blood Which truth is plainly made out by the Chyle or Milky liquor that swims upon Blood drawn forth four or five hours after eating So that the mass of Blood consists naturally of Chyle and Blood which being perfectly mix'd make up an univocal Homogeneous Liquor 'T is true the Ancients speak of four humours c. as being different ingredients of the Blood which they infer'd from the apparent unequal condition or the several parts of Blood drawn forth from the Body but that is owing only to its Corruption or alteration occasion'd by the Nitrous Salts of the Air. Upon which account all special predictions grounded on the external appearance of Blood are frivolous and uncertain This regular Fermentation and Assimilation is disordered by the defects of the Chyle or the Blood The former may be cast into three heads 1. When the Chyle is not sufficiently digested attenuated and volatilis'd in the Stomach 2. When it is not duely tinctur'd with the Oyly Sulphur of the Choler 3. When the Choleric or pancreatic Juices are tardy in separating its dregs The Latter into these 1. When the Motion of the Blood is rais'd beyond its natural pitch 2. When 't is depress'd and diminish'd 3. When its substance is adulterated The signs by which we descry a disorderly fermentation are the pulse and urine But they are oft-times fallacious For the pulse may be immediately influenc'd by the Animal Spirits without any dependance upon the fermentation of the Blood and the Urine may be disguis'd by drinking or the disorders of the solid parts imploy'd in that service The immediat cause of a disorderly fermentation of the Blood is the degeneracy of the Urinous and Acid Salts from their due proportion and harmony The remote causes are the various Contagious particles convey'd into the Body with the Air or any other vehicle antecedent losses of Blood disorders of the Bowels c. The Cure is perform'd by Saline Remedies calculated for the particular indisposition of the Blood and vary'd according to the difference of Temperaments Of which more above CHAP. I. Of Feavers in general A Feaver is a vicious fermentation of the Blood in which its temperament is deprav'd and the whole Body disorder'd The infinite variety of Feaverish ferments occasions a great many various depravations of the Blood But in general the formal Essence of all Feavers consists in a preternatural fermentation of the Blood occasion'd by a foreign ferment which sometimes immediately affects the Blood sometimes the Spirits and sometimes both at which time Nature indeavours to throw out the heterogeneous particles In order to make this appear let us Consider the following Remarks 1. That the eating of Summer Fruits frequently causes Feavers Now these are indow'd with a notable propensity to ferment 2. That Cold or what ever impairs the insensible transpiration produces the like effect Now the Vicious Salts thus imprison'd and overflowing in the Blood cannot affect it any other way than by creating a fermentation 3. That Feavers insue the inspiration of Contagious particles which naturally propagate by fermenting 4. That the Rotten Feavers mention'd by the ancients are only explicable by the Doctrine of fermentations for no living thing can be properly intitled to putrefaction unless by it be meant a turbulent confus'd motion proceeding from the dissolution of contrary Salts as that of Spirit of Vitriol and Oyl of Turpentin The Common Symptoms of Feavers are likewise vouchers for the fermentation that causes ' em These are commonly reckon'd four viz. 1. An alteration of the pulse 2. A Chilness shivering and shaking 3. Excessive heat 4. The Change of Urine both as to the Liquor and what it contains
As for the first A preternatural frequency of the pulse from an internal cause is accounted by Silvius a peculiar and infallible Symptom of a Feaver tho' some malignant Feavers seem to make an exception to the Rule For the most part the pulse is also swifter Now these effects are plainly resolvable into the fermentation of the Blood or the irritation of the Heart and Spirits occasion'd by a foreign ferment As for the second A Chilness shivering and shaking differ only gradually The first is only a light Convulsion of the Skin and contraction of the pores resembling the sense of Cold tho in the mean while the Body feels hot to the External touch If the muscles are likewise affected it creates a shivering and sometimes a stiffness These effects proceed from a prevalent Acid which twitches the membranous parts and corrupts the mass of Blood In the beginning of intermitting or Continual Feavers these Convulsions chiefly affect the internal and noble parts But after the height of Malignant or Favourable Feavers they are seated for the most part in the external Membrans and portend Critical eruptions The third Symptom is the immoderat Heat of the Body I call it only a Symptom for 't is not Essential to a Fever as some would have it For some diseases are attended with a preternatural Heat that are not accompany'd by a Feaver and besides there are some Feavers that are not hot but on the contrary notably Cold. Tho' this advance may sound like a paradox 't is back'd by Hippocrates Avicenna Galen Bartholin and Helmont Nay I my self have met with an instance of an intermitting Feaver that had no hot fits at all which I cur'd after the common evacuations by a mixture of Spirit of Sal-armoniac and Spirit of Scurvy-grass exhibited in the intermitting days and a Powder of Tartar vitriolated or Salt of Wormwood with prepar'd Crabs Eyes taken some hours before the invasion of the Paroxysm To return to the preternatural heat which for the most part attends Feavers 't is sometimes moist when the fibres of the Skin are unbended and the steams of the humours copiously exhal'd Sometimes when these fibres are contracted 't is dry If the Acid Salts are not much exalted 't is meek and tolerable but if these sharper Salts abound in the Blood the heat gives a biting and fiery impression to the external Organs of touching This preternatural Heat springs immediatly from the boyling and struggling of the Salts in the mass of Blood The Occasional Cause is an Acid which sometimes infects chiefly the Spirits and then the heat is remisser than when it principally affects the Blood It destroys the establish'd proportion of the Salts and so gives rise to vicious fermentations To make good this assertion namely that an Acid is the principal author of excessive heat and consequently of Feavers themselves it will not be improper to mention the following Observations 1. All wounds and ulcers are offended by Acids by reason of the Inflammation and heat occasion'd by them And Alcali's perform the cure 2. Pleurisies Quinsies and all inflammations are still attended by acute hot Feavers Now they are the product of Acids and yield only to Alcalin Remedies 3. The same may be said of St. Antony's fire 4. Intermitting Feavers spring from an Acid Crudity prevailing in the stomach and are only cur'd by absorbent Alcali's 5. Catarrhous feavers proceed from the Acid sharpness of the Limpha and are cur'd by Volatil temperat Medicines 6. The Measles and Small-pox are attended with a remarkable heat and Feaver before the eruption Now the prevalency of an Acid in these cases is plainly evinc'd by the corrosion of the Skin suppuration of the Pimples and method of Cure 7. Arthritic pains are oft-times usher'd in by Feaverish Symptoms Now their Cause is an Acid and the cure consists in subduing it 8. The Feavers which follow the stopping of an itch or crusty scab in Children are the natural offspring of the Acids retain'd in the Body by means of that suppression 9. Hectic Feavers always attend purulent internal Ulcers which partake of acidity 10. Children are oft-times seiz'd with Feavers and gripings by virtue of the corrupt Acid of the Milk 11. The high Colour of the Urine in Feavers must needs proceed from a prevalent Acid for Alcali's give a contrary Tincture 12. Immoderat use of Wine produces the same Symptoms as a Feaver by means of its Acid Tartareous parts 13. Hypochondriac persons are obnoxious to Inflammations c. by reason of the prevailing Acidity in the first passages 14. The Heart-burning resembles the Symptoms of a Feaver and is caus'd by a gnawing Acid in the mouth of the stomac 15. That according to Tachenius the hot vegetable Remedies are proper against a predominant Acid and the cold vegetables against an Alcali The plain truth is this All hot vegetables have a fat rosinous Acid which if set at liberty is notably hot but if they be digested with fix'd Salts the fat Acid is retain'd by the fix'd Salt and then they yield a thin meagre Spirit of noted excellency in hot diseases as I have often experienc'd by the simple Spirit of Sal-armoniac 16. That the pain and heat remaining after burning proceeds from the keen Acid particles shot into the part and is remov'd by Alcali's Some derive the excessive heat attending Feavers from the Bile but several medicines near ally'd to the Choler expel the heat and besides its Patrons cannot determin whether it should proceed from its Acid or Alcali since 't is equally intitled to the possession of both The fourth Symptom is the Alteration of Urine When the Chyle or Blood is viciated Nature indeavours to discharge the Heterogeneous particles by this passage which accordingly impart to the Urine a high or flat tincture according to the degree of the peccant Acid which is equally the Cause of this and all other Symptoms attending Feavers The immediat subject of Feavers is the Blood and Spirits The alteration of Pulse and Urine clearly infers that the Blood is affected the Critical Sweats the Jaundice and sometimes the Acid tincture of the Blood ensuing Feavers are plain Demonstrations of the same truth The feaverish tendency of Aches the efficacy of Opium in appeasing febrile commotions and the nature of some malignant Feavers that produce no notable alteration in the Blood and Urine make it to appear that the discomposure of the Spirits is properly call'd a Feaver From whence I infer that Heat or Chilness are not essential to a Feaver and that the Heart or any other solid part are not the immediat subject 'T is true the febrile source may lodge in some corrupt or vitiated part but it only causes a Feaver by disordering the Blood and Spirits This remote Cause of Feavers ought to be heedfully distinguish'd from their Effects of the same Nature namely when in their declination any solid part is seiz'd with a swelling obstruction c. according to the various disposition of
the febrile matter and the previous infirmity of the part The various Divisions of Feavers may be gather'd from the following Chapters As for their Causes whatever abolishes the natural proportion and Symmetry of the Salts causes a preternatural Fermentation and is call'd a febrile Ferment If it affect the Blood immediatly the Spirits receive its influence at second hand and if the Spirits are first attack'd the Blood is disorderd by them This Ferment must be somewhat disagreeable to our natural Ferments else it cannot cause a Fever Such as are the particles retain'd by stopping the insensible transpiration the Ferment proceeding from Ulcers Inflammations Contagion or Acid Lymph striking inwards a Scab or Itch eating Summer Fruits c. If this ferment be ingendred within the Body it oft-times proceeds from the long stay of Victuals in the stomac which by delay and want of digestion become naked Acids or viscid Bodies inclosing an Acid within 'em upon which account we derive the cause of Intermitting Feavers from the Stomac and for so much as their Paroxysms are but so many continual Feavers most of this sort acknowledge the same Original When the Blood and Humors are forc'd out of their respective Vessels by Wounds and Ulcers they ferment and occasion a feaverish disorder in the Blood or Spirits This Ferment approaches to an Acid both in favourable and malignant Feavers but with this difference that a malignant ferment is sharper and more Volatil and penetrating than the other and is frequently couch'd under covert of other minute particles as in Spring the Exhalations of Fermenting Plants in Summer the Alcalin Effluviums in the Air in Autumn and Winter the Acid Salt which then prevails The steams of Rotten Carkasses and the unfavourable aspects of the Stars may occasion the like malignity These particles tho' originally included in a narrow compass multiply by fermentation and spin out the disease The alteration occasion'd by them in the Blood is perfectly parallel to that of Urine which is brought into fermentation by the jarring of its Salts by virtue of which it precipitates its disproportionable parts and then returns to a pacific state Even so the preternatural fermentation of the Blood is caus'd by the disproportion of its Salts and moves it to cast forth the superfluous and offending parts by the passages of Urine Sweat c. Tho' in this Critical Evacuation not only the first morbific matter but the laudable parts of the Blood and Chyle that the fermentation had melted down into a saline form and render'd insociable are equally discharg'd The remote Causes are various The Obstruction of the pores of the Skin and excessive Drinking or Eating are natural inlets to a Feaver The passions of the Mind especially Fear are generally arraign'd as Causes of malignant Feavers but 't is not immaginable how they should produce such an effect of themselves 'T is true indeed Fear and other passions may depress or disorder the Spirits and so procure an easie admissio nto the Airy Ferment that was unable to storm them in their natural Order The Symptoms are accounted for above to which we may add the vicious increase or diminution or depravation of the Appetit Headachs swoonings c. The general Prognostics are deriv'd from the Pulse and Urine A vehement large equal pulse is a sign of strength a small unfrequent pulse betokens weakness A hard pulse bespeaks the inflammation or distention of some membranous part as in Pleurisies and malignant Feavers affecting the Spirits and Nerves A soft pulse discovers that the Spirits are not much disorder'd and if it be large and vehement withal forebodes sweating Urine affords the signs of Crudity or Concoction If clear Urine become muddy or contain a Cloud or Sediment 't is a sign of Concoction and portends a happy solution of the disease for by Concoction we understand the separation or precipitation of the peccant Salts from the mass of Blood and by Crudity the perturbation of the Blood arising from these Salts Now in the beginning of Acute Diseases the Urine is clear and unmuddy'd by reason that the Salts are yet reigning in the Blood but in the increase of the Disease it becomes thick and troubled and at the height precipitates a copious sediment If the Urine continue muddy and do's not Clarify by standing 't is a sign that the Commotion and Confusion of the Blood do's not yet abate Nature do's not evacuate the offending matter before a sufficient Concoction and in imitation of her example Art ought not to attempt any evacuation in Benign Feavers before the signs of Concoction appear In malignant Feavers indeed 't is not safe to wait for 'em but to indeavour an early precipitation by proper remedies Clear and sound-like Urine is a sign that the animal Spirits are principally affected and is attended by malignity but concocted Urine if it continue such is a certain presage of Recovery If after an apparent Concoction it become crude or thin again 't is a fatal Omen This gradual Concoction is the effect of Nature indeavouring a Crisis Accordingly we find that immediatly before the Crisis Nature struggles most and the Sickness is at its greatest height in which case it ought not be disturb'd by artificial administrations but the natural tendency of the morbific matter must be heedfully observ'd for sometimes 't is cast forth by Sweat sometimes by Urine somtimes by Bleeding and at other times is thrown upon several parts of the Body by way of swellings and Imposthumes or is gather'd under the skin all over the Body and tinges it with a yellow colour which we call the Jaundice and is a sign of health if it happen on the fifth or seventh day but if it commence sooner unless attended by some notable Evacuation 't is oft-times fatal But of all fatal signs that of the Patient 's rubbing and picking the nose without any efflux of matter is the most dismal As touching the Method of Cure 'T is necessary to distinguish malignant Feavers which suddenly weaken the Person and generally determine in some notable Evacuations from those that are benign and favourable in which we either leave all to Nature as the ancients did or anticipat her efforts by enervating and correcting the febrile Ferment with Artificial Remedies and so ascribe the whole Cure to Art Sometimes we joyn issue with Nature and while she performs her Work are only busy'd in removing the impediments that imbarrass her by cleansing the first passages emptying the Blood Vessels and promoting the precipitation of the morbific matter by Medicines proper for that purpose Indeed when Nature departs from her due Measures by indeavouring unseasonable evacuations as in the beginning of a Feaver while the Urine is yet Crude a violent Loosness Bleeding c. 't is a perplex'd Case for to withstand Nature and stop the Loosness c. were to augment the Feaver and to suffer it to go on weakens and disables the Patient so that he cannot encounter
Ounce melt it in a Copper Kettle then throw in twenty or thirty living Spiders stir them about with a wooden Spatula 'till the Spiders be cover'd Then add of the Powder of Toad's-flesh dry'd Powder of red Land-Toads dry'd of each an Ounce crude Tartar an Ounce Savin two or six drams With Oyl of Scorpions make a Plaister If we suspect any swelling of the Spleen or Bowels 't is proper to apply to the region thereof the Plaister of Hemlock or of Tobacco or Vigo's Plaister with Mercury mix'd with Gum Ammoniac The thicken'd juice or extract of Tobacco is conducive to this purpose as also Sylvius's Carminative Plaister If the region of the Spleen or Belly be molested with pains apply what follows Take of the Extract of Tobacco prepar'd by decoction three Ounces Opium dissolv'd in Wine and reduc'd to the consistence of an Extract one Ounce Wax half a pound With Turpentine and Oil of Tobacco make a Plaister Having thus dispatch'd the regular cure of Feavers 't will not be improper to propose some method of relief for those who by an unseasonable and unskilful suppression of the Feaver are liable to frequent relapses convulsive pains in the Belly Head-aches Asthma's weariness of the Body c. In this case let the Body be render'd soluble by the Decoction of Raisins and such like laxative and emollient Ingredients Then exhibit some pacific mixture as Take of Mint-water an Ounce and a half Spirit of Sal-Armoniac half a Dram Hysteric Laudanum two or three grains Syrup of Orange-peel three or six drams Mix for a Draught and continue the use for some time If any swelling or violent pain continue in the Hypogastria apply the Plaister of Gum-Ammoniac and of Galbanum with Oyl of Bricks After the symptoms are gone 't is advisable to continue for some time the use of Wormwood or such Remedies as partake of it SECT IV. Of continual Feavers ART 1. Of Day-Feavers OFt-times the abuse of the six noâ— natural things disturbs the natural fermentation of the Blood accelerats the Pulse and in some measure disorders the functions which symptoms disappear in a days time either of their own accord or by using some gentle sudorific This Feaver is call'd Continual by reason that it does not intermit from beginning to ending If the Blood be vitiated it is apt to degenerat into a Synoehus or a Fever that lasts above one day In order to prevent which give the following Julep Take of the decoction of Harts-horn with Vipers-grass one pound juice of Citrons juice of Quinces of each half an ounce tincture of Columbine-flowers and of Dazies of each a dram and a half Syrup of Rasberries two Ounces Spirit of Vitriol as much as sufficeth for a grateful acidity Make a Julep or instead of the Julep make a decoction of the like Ingredients together with gentle laxatives If the Belly be swell'd and the Body very hot take of Fennel Water an ounce and a half carminative Water six Drams dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre three drams Syrup of Orange-peel half an Ounce Mix and make a Julep ART 2. Of the Principal acute Feavers THE continual Feavers that last above one day are either primary or symptomatical The former are a Disease subsisting by it self which if its period be short and its Symptoms grievous is call'd Acute if it be slow-pac'd and advance without any notable disturbance 't is call'd a Slow Feaver Both of which are call'd Compounds or periodical continual Feavers if they admit of any remission or exacerbation in their continued progress But if their vehemence be still the same they are call'd simple Synochus's If Acute Feavers come without the inflammation of any particular part they are call'd Solitary And if dismal Symptoms happen beyond the apparent reach of the Feaver 't is stil'd Malignant But if otherwise Benignity is its Character The primary simple continual solitary hot benign Feavers are caus'd by the prevalency of a volatil oyly bilious Salt in the Mass of Blood that hotly encounters the acid Particles creates a violent motion and Heat accelerates the Pulse tinctures the Urine and while the Victory is undetermin'd renders it thin and crude but when these volatil parts are subdu'd and precipitated by the Acid the Urine deposits a sediment and affords the true signs of Concoction The remote cause for the most part is the depravation of the Chyle occasion'd by the defect of the Choler or a faulty digestion in the Stomac for the stomachic digestion is the Mother and source of all the fermentations of the other Juices in the Body Now the vicious heterogeneous Particles convey'd in the Chyle to the Blood disturb its natural fermentation and provoke its constituent parts to rise up in order to expel the Hostile Intruders Thus we see that those whose Blood is well stock'd with bilious Particles whose Constitution is foul corpulent and plethoric who feed high and drink strong Liquors are most liable to this preternatural fermentation In like manner whatever stops the insensible transpiration accumulats oily Particles in the Blood and exalts the Spirits does prâ—â—â—ispose the Blood for receiving a feaverish impression The Cause of acute compound periodical Feavers is some vicious acid juice proceeding from the Stomac returning by intervals while the volatil oily Ferment continues its course without intermission They are as it were compounded of a Continual Acute Feaver and an Intermitting one which is always a Tertian for Quotidian and Quartan continued periodical Feavers if any such there be are rather slow than acute This Compound sort of Acute Feavers is oft-times attended by a notable heat without any shivering If an insufferable thirst driness of the Tongue Head-aches Deliriums a high tincture and muddiness of Urine attend a continual Feaver 't is call'd a Causus or Burning Feaver The cause of these Symptoms is the hot ingagement of a sharp volatil Acid with the volatil oily Particles Besides the stomachic ferment being vitiated and unqualifi'd for its wonted Office the contents of the Stomac degenerat into an alcalin oily texture which sticks to its Pleats irritats the Membranes of the Gullet and by consent the Tongue it self And moreover when it joins the Blood impregnats the Lymph which waters the Throat and is voided by way of Spittle with a volatil only Salt And if this vicious Saliva stick to the Tongue and Throat it becomes troublesome and inflaming causing in these parts a redness hear and pain known by the name of Prunella Continual Acute Feavers are styl'd Lipyria's when the superficial parts of the Body are molested with a sense of Cold while those within are beset with a violent Heat They proceed for the most part from the inâ—ammation of some very sensible Membranous internal part and upon that account are referable to the symptomatical Class If there be any such thing as a primary Lipyria the sense of external Cold must proceed from the irritation of the nervous membranous parts and that of inward heat
malignant as the Itch c. and e contra Oft-times it lies latent in the Body for three or four days 'till the Season of exhibiting Antidotes be over upon which account a Physician ought to be very watchful in the Beginnings of Feavers The Symptoms which lead us to the discovery of a latent Malignity are these following a sudden prostration of strength and the Appetit dejected while the other Functions are regularly perform'd stubborn Watchings without any anxiety if the Head be only affected but if the Stomac and Breast be disorder'd they are attended with a great perplexity tossing to and again sometimes the whole Body sometimes only an Arm or a Leg to which symptom Deliriums and Convulsions frequently succeed The Urine resembles that of healthy Persons or if by vertue of Medicines or otherwise it happens to thicken yet it still continues transparent and has little or no sediment unless it be a yellowish Clot of Chyle voided along with it The Pulse is at first in seeming good order of a sudden it becomes weak small oft-times hard and towards the height of the Feaver unequal At first a gentle shivering may usher in the Feaver to which succeeds a very moderat heat externally tho' in the mean while they are burnt up within which is a fatal sign of internal Inflammations And notwithstanding the moderation of the Heat an unquenchable thirst molests 'em and their Tongue is dry and rough Or if on the contrary they be extream hot and withal insensible of thirst 't is likewise a sign of malignity These are the most common Symptoms Sometimes the Feaver is attended by violent Head-aches difficult respiration respecially upon the point of cuticular Eruptions stinking Excrements and lastly eruptions of Spotts Pushes Wheals c. According to which it undergoes several Denominations Sometimes the malignity is arriv'd at that height that the external Parts are corrupted and seiz'd with Gangreens the Person possess'd with an invincible aversion to all manner of Liquors c. Malignant Feavers admit of several Degrees The first is when the occasional sharpness and degeneracy of the febril ferment converts a benign Feaver into a malign one 2. When the ferment is not only sharp but contagious or epidemical Now the original of Contagion is an active spirituous ferment easily communicable to the Spirits and capable to propagate it self by a fermentative motion in matter fit for its purpose which in company of Spirits exhal'd from the sick Person pitch upon those whose Constitution and Pores gives the easiest admission such as the Relations of the sick Person weak People c The manner of its reaching and insinuating into such Persons is either by immediat Contact or in the Vehicle of Food Cloaths c. or that of the Air convey'd into the Lungs where it debauches the Spirits circulating that way and in passing the Mouth adulterats the Saliva which immediately affects the most sensible Orifice of the Stomac Hence the first and most dismal Scene of tragical Symptoms is laid in the Stomac 3. When the ferment is become pestilent And 4. When 't is form'd into a direct Plague The cause of Malignity assign'd by Willis is the coagulation of the Blood and that by Sylvius is a sharp volatil lixivious Alcali destroying the acid Sulphur of the Blood and consequently its consistence But the vicious fluidity of the Blood attending malignity confutes the former and the natural inactivity of Alcali's the known power of volatil Acids in extinguishing the animal Spitits and galling the nervous System and the Antidotal vertue of Alcali's both volatil and fix'd such as Camphyr Myrrh and the absorbent Powders overturns the latter Hypothesis 'T is therefore a sharp volatil Acid that causes malignity partly by dissolving the texture of the Blood and disposing it for Putrefaction and generation of Worms observable by Microscopes partly by irritating the Stomac Brain and nervous Parts and partly by extinguishing both the vital and animal Spirits That the Spirits are immediatly attack'd as well as the Blood and Humors is made to appear by the symptoms of sudden Weakness contracted Pulses Watchings Deliriums c. and by the force of imagination in propagating the Contagion Nay oft-times the Spirits are principally assaulted and the Humors only mediatly thro' their sides Now it will be of use in malignant Feavers to distinguish nicely the original trouble of the Animal Spirits and nervous System from that of the vital Spirits and Mass of Blood The Symptoms of the former are an unquenchable Thirst a rough and dry Tongue a quick and small Pulse attended by a moderat Heat anxiety and unquietness proceeding from the Stomac a melting looseness the rotten smell of Excrements and the thin fluid consistence of the Blood Those of the latter are a violent heat of the Forehead the hardness of the Pulse without the trouble of any membrane in the Body or a laudable Pulse attended by extream weakness the prostration of the Appetit squeamishness vomiting stubborn watchings without any visible Cause the dryness or roughness of the Skin and the unaccountable thickness and crudity of the Urin. The Remote Causes of Epidemical Malignity are approaching to corrupted things as Dead Carcases c. The Salt Subternanean Fumes Earth-quakes a preceding famine eating of corrupt Food as of putrify'd Summer Fruits and drinking Rotten Water c. Inwardly the prevalent acidity of the Juice of the Pancreas may so exalt the Bile to a rusty sharp quality that it becomes malignant Thus Benign Feavers frequently degenerat into malign ones and Scorbutic or Hypocondriac Persons who are stuff'd with a fix'd Acid are not so much oppress'd with malignity or a Volatil Acid as others The prognostics of malignant Feavers are very uncertain and fallacious A large and equal Pulse is a good sign A quick and small creeping Pulse is a bad sign as also an unequal Pulse tho' neither the inequality nor intermission nor smallness are so fatal in malignant as in Benign Feavers If Doating continue after sleeping and be not attended by Sweats if the Eye represent false Colours of Objects if the Urine after apparent Concoction become Crude again if it stink if it appear Fat Oily black or livid with a blackish Sediment If a Looseness happen especially after eruptions upon the Skin if the Excrements or Urine are Bloody If the Excrements Serum or Blood send forth a heavy Smell if a redness of the Face Heat and Watchings be attended by a dropping at the Nose if the Tendons start if a tickling or pricking Pain invade the Palms of the Hands if the Person attempts to catch Flies or pick the Bed-Cloaths if any of these Symptoms appear they threaten Convulsions or Death Deafness tho' it be look'd upon as a dismal Symptom in the beginning of acute Feavers meets with a favourable construction about the height of Malignant Feavers The Eruption of Bubo's and swellings of the Glandules frequently infer the solution of the Disease The Cure is
from its irregular and unequal turgescence Upon which account the suppression of the Terms the Scurvy and Hypocondriac Sickness are frequently follow'd by palpitations of the Heart Sometimes it takes its rise from the slow and stagnating condition of the Blood and by consequence from whatever crosses or thwarts the circular progress But of all its Causes the most frequent is the occasional disorder of the Nerves and Animal Spirits occasion'd either by Fear Anger strong Smells c. Or by hysteric and hypocondriac Passions and the indisposition of the Spleen For the Nerves of the Heart and those of the lower Belly especially of the Spleen entertain a mutual Commerce by vertue of which the contraction of these Nerves is continued to the Heart and in its progress resembles the ascent of Fumes or Steams from the Spleen and Intestins The facility of this communication is much inhanc'd by the scorbutic or acid Constitution of the Blood which is equally dispos'd to provoke both the Nerves of the Heart and those of the Bowels As for Diagnostics A palpitation of the Heart is discover'd by laying one's Hand upon the Breast If it proceed from a Dropsy of the Pericardium or Obstructions in and about the Heart the Pulse is small and slow respiration difficult and the Body inclining to a Consumption and Hectic Feaver If it proceed from Worms in the Heart-Purse it returns without manifest cause the Breast is molested with gnawing pricking corroding pains the Patient is frequently troubl'd with a pale Countenance intermitting Pulse and a prodigious unquietness and sometimes sudden swoonings or epileptic Fits If it take its rise from the hypocondriac Disease it is frequently interrupted and when it comes is usher'd in by a murmuring noise in the Belly or attended by disorderly Symptoms in the Abdomen and a sense of constriction of the Heart as if it were squeez'd betwixt two Hands If it flow from a scorbutic Original it does not invade when the Person lies quietly in Bed but upon the least motion of Hand or Foot displays it self and is frequently accompany'd by swoonings A trembling of the Heart is attended by a prostration of strength and an unequal weak languishing Pulse The Remission or intermission of the Pulse following a Palpitation of the Heart prognosticates Swoonings If a Palpitation proceed from a scorbutic cause or accompany malignant Symptoms 't is very dangerous If it be occasion'd by Worms in the Pericardium or Excrescences in the Heart or adjacent parts 't is incurable If it happen in one's Youth it prevents Old Age. The Indications for Cure are to remove the irritating cause Opium impairs only the sense of irritation but has no influence upon the cause it self wherefore it ought to be very cautiously us'd especially considering that a Palpitation or trembling is frequently attended by a notable weakness In hypocondriac or Scorbutic cases perhaps it may not be improper Blood-letting is also dangerous yet if the stagnation of the Blood give rise to the Disease or if the Patient be young and the Blood boil high 't is in some measure allowable as when a Palpitation is caus'd by Fear suppressing of wonted evacuations or a violent commotion of the Body Of all Palpitations of the Heart those of a convulsive Character that spring from Scorbutic or Hypochondriac causes or in a word from prevailing Acid are the most frequent and require a particular regard Earthy Ingredients Steel and volatil Salts are Medicins most in use against these and all other sorts of Palpitations The Tincture of Coral prepar'd with a Menstruum of May-Dew or Snow and mix'd with some cordial Liquor is an universal Specific Now of the Cordial Ingredients Baum is the Head Its Spirit or primum Ens or the Essence of Amber-grise extracted with it is an admirable support for decaying Nature The Leaves of Baum and those of Borrage sprinkled with Rose-water and Vinegar are applied outwardly to the Heart with good success Next to Baum are Cloves Citrons Orange-peel Rosemary Zedoary Elecampane Dill and their various productions The Essence of Saffron given inwardly and a Bag of Saffron and Camphyr hung over the pit of the Breast are of good use The Essence of Ambergrise and Mosch are celebrated Medicins but Ambergrise injoys a stupifying quality which may be extinguish'd by putting it into fermentation as in the preparation of Spiritus Rosarum Ambratus Besides there are some studious Men and hysteric Women that are easily offended by this and all other oily volatil Salts in the room of which we may substitute the meagre thin Salts such as the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac and dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre The Essence of Juniper-berries prepar'd with their own Spirit the carminative spirit de tribus the volatil Salt of Vipers the spirit and volatil salt of Harts-horn the spirit volatil Salt and distill'd Oyl of Amber the Essence of Castor mix'd with Camphyr the Oyl of Cinnamon the Syrup of the filings of Steel Whey and all anti-hypocondriac Ingredients are much approv'd Externally in a Hysteric or Splenetic Palpitation we apply the same things as are proper against the Causes Take of prepar'd red Coral native Cinnabar and chalybeat diaphoretic Antimony half a scruple volatil salt of Harts-horn three grains distill'd Oyl of Cloves a drop Make a Powder Take of the Tincture of Coral prepar'd with the spirit of Stags-heart two drams the spirit of Roses impregnated with Ambergrise a dram Dose thirty or sorty drops in Cinnamon-water Take of Cinnamon-water impregnated with Quinces an ounce the Cordial-water of Saxony an Ounce Essence of Juniper Berries two drams Essence of Saffron half an ounce Spirit of Venice Treacle camphoris'd a dram distill'd Oyl of Cinnamon for Men or of Amber for Women four drops shake and mix them Dose a spoonful or two Oft-times not only the Heart but the Arteries especially that leading to the Spleen and that of the Temples are seiz'd with a palpitation The cause is an inflammation of the Place or stagnation of the Blood or Convulsions of the Spleen and adjacent parts affecting the Tunicles of the Artery The first two are remov'd by Sudorifics and the last by Steel and anti-hypochondriac Medicines CHAP. II. Of Swoonings THere are three kinds or rather degrees of Swooning viz. Lipothymia Syncope and Asphyxia In a Lipothymia beside that the Pulse is weaker and less the Senses both internal and external are eclips'd and animal Motion both voluntary and natural does in a manner fail all which symptoms go easily off again and the Patient is restor'd to health In a Syncope the symptoms are more tragical the Pulse Sense and bodily Motion are quite extinguish'd Respiration is scarce perceivable the Heart is much oppress'd a cold clammy Sweat and Paleness covers the Body and sometimes the Excrements come away of their own accord In an Asphyxia all things are yet worse so that the Patient lies as one dead without any Pulse or sign of Life Now in order to discover the cause of
this diminution of the Pulse and want of Strength we must call to mind that the vital force of our Body is founded radically in the Blood but exerts it self by its most subtile active and moveable part call'd the Spirits which being volatiliz'd by the inspired Air in the Breast like Rays of Light are diffus'd through the whole Body either in a vital Capacity together with the Blood in the Arteries or separately by the Brain and Nerves under the Character of animal Spirits When therefore the Blood by reason of its less quantity or viscidity and acidity or want of active Salts is unfit to undergo the vital Fermentation in the Breast the Spirits must of necessity fail whence ensues a weakness and languishing that steals on by degrees This vicious constitution of the Blood is oftentimes occasion'd by some error in Diet after acute Diseases or follows the indiscreet management of chronical Distempers supposing the Blood to be rob'd of its Spirits and the Chyle to be over power'd with Crudities arising from the weakness of the stomachical Ferment and flatness of the Bile But if on a sudden the vital fermentation of the Blood in the breast is interrupted and by consequence the luminous Ray of the vital and animal Spirits fail or if incident external Objects pour disorder and confusion on the animal Spirits then follows a sudden prostration of Strength and cessation of Sense and Motion which according to its various degrees is call'd either Lipothymia Syncope or Asphyxia Now the vital fermentation of the Blood is interrupted either by immoderat evacuations of any Humour or Juice such as the Blood seminal Liquor hydropic Water corrupt Matter c. or by its coagulation occasion'd by Poison or the unfriendly miasms of corrupt Matter issuing froman Imposthume in the Heart The external Objects that disorder the Spirits are such as excite violent and sudden passions of the Mind as Frights Grief Joy Anger also strong and disagreeable Smells the sight of Animals to which we have a natural Antipathy and whatever affects the upper Orifice of the Stomac which by consent influences all the other Nerves of the Body Upon which occasions the Spirits are hindered in their wonted motions either by oppression or fixation as in sudden Frights or dissipation as in excessive sudden Joy or deviation as in Cramps and Convulsions of the Heart A weakness and languishing without any manifest cause prognosticats the sudden invasion of Diseases especially those of a Scorbutic Character If it succeed to acute Diseases it threatens either a Relapse Dropsie or intermitting Feaver In the beginning of any Disease 't is a sign of Malignity Syncope's and Lipothymi's are more or less dangerous according to the measure of their duration and the character of their symptoms and if after the use of suitable means the Patient is not awak'd they prove dangerous Those occasion'd by an effusion of Blood or other Humours are safer than others that spring from an internal acute Cause If they are attended by anguish of Heart and restlessness they proceed from the Stomac and are less fatal when the left side of the orifice is affected In fine the more clammy and copious the cold Sweat is so much the more dangerous is the Syncope The Cure is compass'd by the continu'd use of volatil Aromatic Medicines which promote the vital Fermentation exalt the Blood sharpen the unactive Bile remove the clamminess of the Blood and withal restore the digestive force of the Stomac Such are the Spirit of Wine or generous Wines impregnated with vegetable Aromatics as Take of Rosemary curl'd Mint of each a Handful Sage and Baum of each half a handful Roots of the genuin Acorus Elecampane and Fennel an Ounce the four lesser hot Seeds of each a Dram Cinnamon Cubebs Cloves Mace of each two Drams cut bruise and tye them in a Bag to be infus'd in Wine of which take a draught in the Morning fasting and at Meals In scorbutical and hypochondriac cases Scurvy-grass Cresses Peper-wort c. may be added together with some drops of the Spirit of Sal-Armoniac anisated dropt into each draught We may also use stomachical Essences and Elixirs Aqua Vitae aploplectic and epileptic Waters c. Volatil oily Salts and a hundred such like to be taken thrice a Day Morning Noon and at Bed-time and also before eating Now as to sudden fainting and swooning we must endeavour when the Fit is present to remove it and when 't is over to prevent its relapse There are three sorts of Medicins in use during the Fit viz. 1. Spirituous sulphurous and oily ones such are all inflamable Aromatic Spirits prepar'd by fermentation distill'd Aromatic Oyls and compound apoplectic Waters 2. Spirituous Alcali's sharp volatil urinous Spirits and Salts which are always the better for being well charg'd with Oyl 3. Sharp volatil Acids especially Vinegar which wakens the Senses and rallies the dissipated Spirits Sometimes we join 'em to Opiats for staying the convulsive motions of the Spirits Thus the Principal Remedies used in a Syncope are Generous Wines Cinnamon its Water and distill'd Oyl and all its preparations all Apoplectic Waters Spirit of Lilly of the Valley prepar'd by fermentation spirit of Venice Treacle both simple and compound distill'd Oyl of Cloves Cordial and Apoplectic Balsams all volatil Salts spirit of Stagg's Heart spirit of Harts-horn prepar'd with Amber spirit of Roses prepar'd with Amber to which if the Salt of Vipers or that of Amber is added 't is almost an infallible Remedy Moreover the Elixir of Citrons or their Spirit sharpen'd with the volatil salt of Harts-horn the quintessences of Baum and Angelica the Essence of Saffron mix'd with a grain or two of volatil Salt of Harts-horn the Tincture of Coral prepar'd with spirit of Stagg's Heart the Tincture of Gold the volatil Salts impregnated with distill'd aromatic Oyls such as rectified spirit of Sal-Armoniac joined with aromatick spirit of Wine are all of excellent use if exhibited in convenient Vehicles such as Baum-water prepar'd with Wine Penny-royal and Cinnamon-water Aqua Vitae or Matthiolus's Elixir vitae Water of Stagg's Heart Mynsicht's hot cordial Water and for Women Swallow-water with Castor c. to which may be added Camphyr or spirit of Treacle camphoris'd As for Acids we use spiritous and Generous Wine the Juice of Citrons Juice or Syrup of Rasberries conserve of the Pulp of Citrons mix'd with Diascordium Vinegar impregnated with Castor Vinegar of Marigold-flowers or the Flowers of the Lilly of the Valley or those of Elder of Rue c. As for Narcotics Helmont's Laudanum Opiatum in a small Dose Venice Treacle Mithridat Extract of Treacle and such like Compositions are proper In the use of these Remedies we must have a principal regard to the antecedent Causes For example if the Syncope is caus'd by poyson proper Antidotes must be added and a Vomit exhibited especially when the Poyson lurks in the first passages When the Cause is lodg'd in the
Stomac or Abdomen Vomits are also proper Hysteric causes require Zedoary Castor volatil Salts and other Hysteric Remedies Externally the same Remedies are appli'd to the Nostrils Temples Pulse Lips and pit of the Stomac The Water of Lilly of the Valley the Apoplectic Balsam Oyl of Cinnamon and that of Citrons Oyl of Amber and Oyl of Cloves are the common Specifics for that use some say that Fumigation with Amber alone is of notable efficacy If the Syncope and Lipothimia proceed from unreasonable evacuations excessive Sweating Heat Labour Fatigue Anger Joy or ungrateful smells let Acids be exhibited as also a Vomit if there be occasion The Swoonings of malignant Feavers are accounted for by exhibiting Camphyr in a small quantity mix'd with Laudanum Opiatum and other Antidots When they are occasion'd by frights excessive Bleeding or immoderat sadness spirituous oily Remedies take place and if the Paroxism is dangerous a Vein may be open'd If we fear a Syncope from an excessive flux of the terms Opiats join'd with Acids and prepar'd Coral are of excellent use For Old Persons there 's nothing equals the following Powder Viz. Take of Ambergrise or Musk eight grains which dissolve in twelve drops of Oyl of Cinnamon and half a Scruple of Oyl of Cardamums add prepar'd Pearl half a Scruple whitest Sugar-candy two ounces Make a Powder SECT XVII Of Nutrition THE eternal motion of our active Principles disturbs the repose of the solid Parts unties their Bonds and exposes 'em to decay In order to repair this their loss the Blood laden with Chyle being finish'd in the left Ventricle of the Heart sets out from thence and makes a Tour round the Body it visits every Part and measures out suitable Recruits which are strain'd thro' the Pores of the Part and nourish it by way of apposition or else ferment with the Guardian Spirits that defend the Place and being thereby coagulated and transform'd into a likeness with the Part consolidat and give occasion to its growth Thus all the Members of the Body are either augmented in our Youth or nourish'd and preserv'd from decay during the remainder of our lives Now the hindrances of a regular Nutrition are such as relate either to the deficiency or want of due Nourishment or to its redundancy or to its depravation CHAP. I. Of a Consumption and Phthisic NUtrition is deficient when the Bones Cartilages and Membranes wither and the Fat and muscular Flesh which are only capable of Consumption are accordingly consum'd If the Fat alone be melted down it amounts to no more than a leanness but if the dewy Muscles are consum'd without restoration we call it a Tabes or form'd Consumption The Causes of a Consumption relate either to the Spirits or nutritious Juice The former are the deficiency or dissipation of the Spirits the one caus'd by the vicious Crasis of Blood or Indisposition of the Brain the other by Fatigue Venery Study or Grief Those relating to the nutritious Matter are first its defect occasion'd by the scarcity or want of proper Food and consequently of Chyle The obstruction of the Vasa lactea the Schirrous Tumors of the Pylorus or those of the Mesentery so frequently met with the compression or wounding of the Ductus of the Breast all which cut off the communication of the Chyle with the Blood Worms in the Guts sucking up the Chyle Excessive evacuations of the nutritious Juice either in Company with the Blood in excessive Bleedings or otherwise by Loosenesses immoderate Sweats runnings of the Reins Whites Ulcers and excessive Venery The second cause relating to the Nutritious Juice is its depravation occasion'd either by a weak digestion in the Stomac or the saltness and viscidity of the Blood or Lymph that follows Acute or Intermitting Feavers or retains to Scorbutic and Hypocondriac Constitutions In fine the Crudities of the Stomac and degeneracy of the Blood are the common causes of a Consumption and reciprocally promote one another The former occasion a saline putrid taste in the Mouth and provoke the Lungs and Larynx to Cough as they pass after joining the Blood The latter viz. The degeneracy of the Blood renders it unfit for nourishing the Parts and is occasion'd either by the crudity of the Chyle or the Ulcer of some Bowel or external part that taints it as it passes In which last case it procures a Phthisic A Phthisic therefore is generally taken for a Consumption arising from the Ulcer of any Bowel or external part as of the Reins Liver and especially the Lungs which are most liable to be vitiated by the Air and the recrements of degenerat Blood 'T is distinguish'd from a Vomica of the Lungs by this Mark viz. That the latter is a close Ulcer inclos'd within its own Membranes and fill'd with laudable Pus whereas a phthisical Ulcer is open and voids sordid corrupt Matter Tho' a Phthisic be generally imputed to an Ulcer of the Lungs yet it may arise from the Corrugation Schirrus or any other disorder of the Lungs or Bowels that disturbs and depraves the Blood It s remote causes are the acrimony and saltness of the Blood or Lymph which is frequently owing to Crudities from the Stomac and was represented by the Ancients as a Catarrh or defluxion from the Head Wounds Bruises clotted Blood or heterogeneous Matter in the Breast Inflamations of the Lungs or Pleura ending in Suppuration the Corrosion of the small Pox corrosive steams as those of Aqua-fortis Quick-lime c. Drinking of Acid Tartarin Wines or Vinegar smoaking Tobacco irregular Passions of the Mind c. A Phthisic propagats it self by a hereditary Succession and is so very contagious that the Breath of a Phthisical Person will corrupt the Lungs of another and convey its virulency thro' the Breasts of a suckling Woman The signs of a Consumption are these a sharp Nose hollow Eyes low Temples the Laps of the Ears contracted the Fore-head dry and hard the Complexion pale and livid the Ribs and Shoulder-blades bend outward the Cartilage of the Breast is bow'd the Back-bone sharp and prominent the Belly falls low the Hips are loose or quite consum'd the Legs Arms Feet and Hands are dry the Knuckles protuberant the Nails bow'd the Skin wrinkled and flaggy the Urin is cover'd with Fat the Veins of the Body are every where apparent and the Hairs fall off Nocturnal Sweats are common to all Phthisical Persons and melting loosenesses and swellings of the Feet conclude the Tragedy If a Consumption or Phthisic proceed from an obstruction of the Glandules of the Mesentery intercepting the Chyle the Belly is swell'd and molested with a hollow heavy Pain the region of the Navel is hard and the Excrements are liquid or mix'd with Chyle If it proceed from a weak digestion or crudities from the Stomac the Symptoms observe this order viz. After much care anger drinking or some such Error in the use of the not natural things there insues a prostration of strength and
inappetency especially an aversion to meat in the Morning an uncooth taste invades the Mouth which by degrees becomes saltish and is attended by a dry tickling Cough in process of time the taste of the Mouth becomes putrid and resembles that of Ashes or rotten Meat the dry Cough prevails towards Night and brings up some thin watery Matter respiration is render'd difficult and the Breast oppress'd especially after eating at which time the whole Body especially the palms of their Hands are molested with Heat The Pulse is always quick frequent and small After some time all these Symptoms increase the Cough angments and copiously brings up a viscous white then yellow green or livid and at length a true purulent Matter whereupon Night-sweats a Hectic Feaver and a gradual decay insue In fine if a Phthisic of the Lungs be not externally occasion'd or depend not upon a preceding Disease such as a Pleurisie or spitting of Blood it always flows from the Stomac From this Induction we may infer that in the beginning of a Phthisic the Cough does not always proceed from the Lungs but from the Stomac Nay sometimes tho' the Lungs be ulcerated if the Matter do not irritate the Bronchia there insues no Cough at all Besides the Matter which is expectorated by coughing is not always bred in the Lungs as being sometimes taken up from other ulcerated Parts by the Blood In which case 't is a difficult matter to trace out the part to which the Ulcer belongs But in general if it lodge in the Abdomen the Symptoms of the Belly do discover it If the Cough bring up no purulent Matter we conclude that the Phthisic is owing to a Schirrus or some such disorder among the Viscera Now the purulency of this Matter is discover'd by its sinking in Water whereas that which is only viscid being porous and dilated with Air swims above To conclude if the Lungs are exulcerated the Cough sounds hollow and deep and if they be much consum'd are voided by pieces If the right side be chiefly affected the sick Person cannot lie but on the right side and eâ—contra A confirm'd Phthisic or Consumption is incurable while 't is yet but growing there are some hopes especially if the Stomac is not much disorder'd If it proceed from hard swellings in the Lungs Schirrus's or Ulcers in the Bowels from the Scurvy the Whites Dropsy or running of the Reins 't is seldom cur'd If the Cough disappear of a sudden 't is a tragical Omen as also if the Hairs fall off and the feet swell or if the expectorated Matter stink when thrown upon burning Coals The Cure is compassed by removing the various Causes mitigating the Symptoms and projecting a method for nourishing the Body For which end let the following Cautions be heedfully minded 1. There 's no Remedy whatsoever that equals Vomits especially in the beginning nor any case in which they are nor convenient except that of a spitting of Blood and extream Weakness 2. Purgation Bleeding and issues are of no use The first is pernicious and augments the Cough or if in the beginning of a Phthisic it be absolutely necessary to cleanse the first Passages Rhubarb is the most proper Ingredient the second is never allowable unless a suppression of Blood require it the third was introduc'd of old in compliance with the exploded Fancy of a Phthisic's being caus'd by a Catarrhâ— distilling from the Brain which now we justly refer to the Stomac 3. Sugar Hony and all sweet Syrups are hurtful They putrify in the Stomac weaken its digestion and proâ—â—ore the corrosion of the affected Bowel 4. A scorbutic Consumption is admirably accounted for by a Milk Dyet especially that of Goats Milk mix'd with vulnerary and anti-scorbutic Syrups 5. Tho' an inveterat Phthisic do not admit of a perfect Cure yet the Life may be drill'd on by a Milk Diet using vulnerary Medicines and changing the Air. Milk is a Sovereign Remedy when the Disease proceeds from a sharpness of the Blood or Lymph it both cleanses with its Whey and heals with its Butter Indeed if it spring from the corruption of a Bowel or default of the Stomac 't is improper as being apt to curdle and putrify in a deprav'd Stomac Goats Milk mix'd with the Spirit of Scurvy-grass or that of Sal-Armoniac is of excellent Use in Scorbutic cases but Woman's Milk suck'd immediately from the Breasts without being exposed to the Air and the Butter made of it are preferable to any other It will not be amiss to add a little Sugar or Conserve of Roses to prevent Curdling And when Persons are confin'd to a Milk Diet they ought to take of it three or four times a Day and use some exercise after taking it in order to promote its quick distribution and in the interim eat nothing else but Raisins or Food of very easie digestion Note before the use of Milk 't is advisable to exhibit a Vomit The Yelks of Eggs dissolv'd in Wine and mix'd with a little Amber-grise are of admirable use in Venereal Consumptions The Decoctions of Elecampane-roots with Raisins and Liquorice and a little Spanish Wine are of noted efficacy against all Phthisics to which we may add Sweet Almonds and Emulsions of Milky Seeds Oysters River-Crabbs mix'd with Butter Cockles and all temperat Ingredients In the beginning of the Disease especially when it proceeds from the Stomac Acids such as the Spirit of Salt Nitrum Antimoniatum Terra foliata Tartari distill'd Vinegar with Crabs-Eyes dissolv'd in it Sal-Armoniac c. are recommended upon the acount of their Stomachical Virtue But after the confirmation of the Disease or an Ulcer in the Lungs both these and all Spaw-Waters ought to be equally avoided And as for the sharpness of the Blood and Lymph which vitiats the Lungs and is generally the Cause of those Phthisics that the Ancients refer to Catarrhs from the Head Sulphur is a proper Remedy It contains both Acid and Balmy Parts the former are pernicious and ought to be carefully separated from the latter Thus the Flowers of Sulphur nicely prepar'd and the Balsam of Sulphur prepar'd with distill'd Oyl of Aniseeds are incomparable Medicines If a Hectic and Night-Sweats prevail perhaps the Balsam of Sulphur prepar'd with distill'd Oyls may prove too hot in which case let it be prepar'd with the Oyl of Sweet-Almonds adding but a few drops of distill'd Oyl of Aniseed which last alone is a noble Pectoral Or the heat of the Balsam may be restrain'd by adding the Sugar of Lead or the Anti-phthisical Tincture of two Parts of Vitriol of Steel and one of Sugar of Lead infus'd in rectifi'd Spirit of Wine or the dewy Phlegm of Vitriol that 's free of Acidity rectifi'd upon its own Caput mortuum The Tincture of Blood-stone or that of the Sulphur of Vitriol are also fir to be added In the room of Common Sulphur some chuse the Mineral fix'd Sulphurs such as Diaphoretic Antimony Poterius's Antihectic and all
Matter Having dispatch'd the general Consumption of the Body 't will not be improper in this place to take notice of the Dryness or Decay of particular parts of the Body occasion'd by whatever intercepts the Blood or Spirits in their Passage thither or weakens and exhausts the innate Spirit of the Part whose office it is to ferment and assimilat the nutritious Juice Hence Palsies Convulsions Dislocations Falls Bruises Wounds c. are its usual Causes As for Cure Wurzius his Arcanum of Allum is a Catholicon against all dry'd or wither'd Parts 'T is thiâ— Take of Plumous Allum and melted Salt of each equal Quantities melt 'em over a strong Fire Then set 'em to Cool and they will condensat into a Stone upon which pour Water to dissolve the Salts and precipitat the Arcanum Of which take three ounces and mix 'em with an ounce and a half of the Oyl of Bricks and four ounces of the Oyl of Human fat distill'd with the Ashes of Vine-tiwgs Make a Liniment and anoint the Part after rubbing If the dryness of the Part be occasion'd by a Wound or Efflux of its spirituous Juice temperat hot things and such as are moist or inrich'd with a Dewy Juice are best Hence some order the Part to be drench'd in the Blood of an Ox just kill'd and fomented with the Decoction of the Feet Head Liver and Lungs and other joints of a Sheep or Calf boyl'd to Rags or anointed with the Juice of River Crabs mix'd with the Oyl of sweet Almonds or with an Ointment of equal quantities of the fat of Herns the fat of Frogs and that of Hogs If the dryness be caus'd by a Palsy or Compression of the Tendons without any visible Wound or Hurt hot irritating things are most proper as if the part be strongly rub'd down three or four times a Day with green Nettles till it become Red and Hot and then cover'd with the Liniment of the Arcanum of Allum or fomented with the following Water Take of the seeds of Roman Nettles one pound the Roots of Horse Radishes bruis'd from four ounces to half a pound Roots of Cuckow-pint four ounces long Pepper three ounces Digest 'em in white Wine fourteen Days in a Balneum Mariae shaking the Vessel often And then distill the Spirit which is of excellent use when the part is num'd and stupid If a Defluxion at Catarrh falling upon the part give rise to its decay let Sudorifics be taken inwardly and the Spirit of Ants and that of Earth Worms rectify'd with some Alcalin Salt or the Aqua Articularis mix'd with the spirit of Sal-Armoniac and Oyl of Soap or the Ointment of Agrippa be applied outwardly the part being first rub'd down till it become red or sensible CHAP. II. Of Immoderat Nutrition or Corpulency IF the nutritious Juice be too copiously distributed thro' the Body the Muscles and Joints are extended and for want of room are disabled to recoyl and contract themselves with due nimbleness and the Belly being over-charg'd with Fat and Juice inlarges its Dimensions So that the true Cause of Corpulency or fatness is the temperat softness of the Blood the less Consumption of the Nutritious Juice by reason of a slow Fermentation and the late assimilation of the Chyle in company of the Blood giving it opportunity to be coagulated and appropriated by the peculiar acid Spirits that guard the respective Parts The remote Causes of fatness are abstinence from Drink especially Hop'd Beer or Ale made of Malt or whatever dilutes the Nutritious Juice and consequently promotes its exhalation drinking moderatly Ale made of Corn which has a peculiar fattening Vertue eating much Bread which promotes the Fermentation and Digestion of Food much sleep freedom from Care Exercise and Venery Corpulency squeezes the Spermatic Vessels and causes Barrenness nay it oppresses all the Vessels in the Body retards the Motion of the Blood anticipats the matter that should be converted into Spirits cramps all muscular Motions and accelerats Death The Cure is compass'd by preventing the immoderat increase of Chyle or evacuating it before its Assimilation to the Part or melting and diluting it with Serum after its appropriation The first design is answer'd by a spare thin Diet and eating of salt Meat The second and third by Purgation with Extractum Catholicum and sweet Mercury repeated till it salivat or the Pills of Aloes and Elixyr Proprietatis which was known among the Ancients for a drying Medicine Now that which they call'd Drying is nothing but the melting down of the Nutritious Juice Hence Myrrh Gentian Wormwood Cresses and all Diuretic or Diaphoretic Ingredients are of use by reason of their attenuating resolving Quality But Vinegar of Squills Tartar Tartar Vitriolated Nitre and all Acids are intitled to a preference Bleeding Issues chewing Medicines the Decoctions of Woods Venery and in a Word whatever attenuats the Nutritious Juice and dilutes it with a serous Vehicle in order to evacuation either by Urine Sweat or otherwise is recommended against Fatness Only this Caution ought to be taken notice of that sudden and liberal Evacuations are apt to weaken fat People To Conclude I subjoyn a Recipe for Pills that are much approv'd Take of the Gum of the Juniper Tree two drams Choice Myrrh Shavings of Lignum Sanctum extract of Wormwood and Aloe of each a Scruple Coagulated Spirit of Vitriol half a dram Make Pills CHAP. III. Of a Deprav'd Nutrition ART 1. Of a Cachexy Leucophlegmacy and Anasarca IF the Chyle or Nutritious Juice is not duly digested and assimilated to the Blood it Tinctures it with a pituitous Crudity Stifles its saline particles and cramps its due turgescence whereupon the Skin is discolour'd and the Muscles instead of receiving elaborat nourishment are stuff'd and bloated up with crude matter and so render'd flaccid This we call a Leucophlegmacy And if this crude vicious Juice obstruct the Glandules of the Muscles or if the Lymph be upon any account oblig'd to Stagnat the Blood becomes serous and a Collection of Serum or Water lodg'd under the Skin causes an Anasarca Now a Cachexy is a general Term importing the Crudity of the mass of Blood and its weaker Fermentation which give rise to these two Diseases The remote Causes are want of motion care grief suppression of the Terms chronical Diseases suppression of Urine the French Pox and in a word whatever weakens Digestion and stifles the Fermentation of the Blood The Symptoms observe the following Method The Cachectic Person grows Pale and in some measure Livid his Face and in process of time the whole surface of the Body is swollen upon any quick motion or walking up an ascent he is troubled with a shortness of breath and palpitation of the Heart and temporal Arteries an universal Weariness seizes the Joints and after eating Anxiety and a sense of Compression oft-times invades the Breast the Appetit which at first is good decays by degrees the Pulse is unequal small frequent and
The most common sort of Dropsie is that call'd Ascites which begins at the Feet and in a short time reaches the Belly and Scrotum This Serum whose Extravasation causes a Dropsie for the most part is deposited into the respective Cavities by the Blood circulating in the Arteries 'T is true the Rupture and Obstruction of the lymphatic and milky Vessels may cause a Stagnation or Extravasation but that happens by accident Whereas the standing and direct source of Dropsies is the vicious Crasis of the Blood as being unqualified for digesting and assimilating its Serum and its languid Motion giving the Serum an opportunity of squeezing through the Vessels especially about the Capillary Arteries where the influence of the Heart the primum mobile is but very small and more easily communicable to the thick resisting Blood than to the weak yielding Serum Now that the slow motion of the Blood will occasion a Transmission of the Serum is plainly made out by Dr. Louer 's Experiment of tying a Ligature about the Vena Cava under the Heart and that the vicious Crasis or Crudity of the Blood occasions an imperfect Turgescence and a weak Propulsion from the Heart is too evident to need a proof I grant that there are some melting Dropsies that proceed from the Colliquation of the Humours originally contain'd in the part without the assistance of foreign Serum as in Hectic Feavers and after hot acute Diseases but these are not proper Dropsies as being only Symptoms of a Colliquation According to this Hypothesis we need not be at a loss to scan the Influence of remote Causes 'T is an obvious Conjecture that whatever weakens Digestion accumulats Crudities enfeebles the natural Functions and in a word all Chachectic Disorders are apt to degenerat into Dropsies The suppression of Urine and that of insensible transpiration are either the Causes or inseparable Companions of a Dropsie Nay I doubt much if an universal Ascites can ever take place unless the Kidneys be disorder'd And 't is a notorious observation to this purpose that whoever drinks much and does not piss proportionably may justly make account to encounter a Dropsie e're he dies and that whoever attempts the Cure of a Dropsie without Diuretic Medicines is but lamely equip'd for his Office The drinking of Brandy and Sulphureous Liquors that melt down the Humors sharpen the Lymph and relaxat the Stomac the inconsiderat use of cold Water immediatly after violent Heat the suppression of any wonted Evacuation and excess of any Flux whether of Blood or other Humors the attenuation of the Serum by the use of Mercury the Jaundice and inactivity of the Bile Chronical Agues mismanag'd Asthma's Phthisics and Spitting of Blood and in fine whatever weakens Nature renders the Blood uncapable to assimilat the Chyle or retards its circular Motion and disturbs its due Targescence these I say are the natural Authors of a Dtopsie The tumors of the Mesentery Liver and other Bowels do generally accompany this Disease but oft-times are rather effects than Causes The Symptoms of a Dropsie display themselves after this method The Feet at first begin to swell and receive Pits by the pressing of one's Finger in the Night time the swelling abates but regains new force the succeeding Day By degrees it reaches to the Abdomen and Scrotum and frequently affects the Prepuce and Testicles The Water thus inclos'd in the Belly sometimes possesses one side sometimes both and as the Person turns in his Bed it rolls with a noise and sometimes visibly from one side to the other in the mean while the Breast Neck and upper Parts waste and decay The Face and Hands sometimes swell An itching and oft-times a scab molests the Skin and spots or wheals beset the Legs A slow Feaver pursues him and increases towards the Evening The Pulse is small frequent and a little hard An unquenchable Thirst loss of Appetit straitness of the Breast shortness of Breath especially in the Night time and a dry Cough oft-times usher in a Dropsie Big belly'd Women are oft-times apt to suspect a Dropsie without occasion The signs which serve to undeceive 'em are these In a Dropsie the Face is pale and Livid the Eyes are rob'd of their sparkling Vigor the Water contain'd in the Belly Floats to and again falls as the Woman turns her self and is very weighty The swelling is soft equal and bends downward it do's not impair the Flux of the Terms but diminishes the quantity of Urine and gives it a high Tincture and causes a violent Thirst all which Symptoms are contrary to those of Being with Child The Hydroâ—ic Water is not always of the same Colour as being either Green Yellow or Blackish c. But 't is generally salin and sharp apt to corrode the Bowels and to cause Ulcers on the Legs or to cast a Froth like Lather when mix'd with other Water nay the distention and stiffness of the Membrans inwrapping it seems to argue that it ferments within and provokes them to Contractions As for Prognostics If a Dropsie follow Chronical Diseases or indiscreet Purgation or invade those whose strength is decay'd if it be attended by unspeakable Thirst Coughing Schirrus of the Bowels difficult Respiration scarcity and redness of Urine hardness of the Belly extreme inappetency or a melting Feaver Ulcers or livid Spots in the Legs Black Excrements when the Person do's not use Steel These I say are dismal Circumstances whereas the Reverse of 'em are look'd upon as hopeful Signs Convulsions and Apoplexies succeeding a Dropsie are very fatal The Cure turns upon two indications 1. To remove the stagnating Serum 2. To prevent its further increase by retrieving the due Crasis of the Blood and fortifying the Stomac in order to a regular Chylification The first is answer'd by Evacuations and abstaining from Drink Of evacuating Medicines Purgatives are the first especially the Roots of the Common Flower-de-luce and Elaterium or the Juice of the wild Cucumber The former do's not only evacuat but enjoys also an alterative Vertue and is given to three drams in Infusion or its Juice express'd to half an ounce with a scruple of the Powder of Soldanella Elaterium or its Extract prepar'd with Spirit of Wine Tartaris'd given to fifteen grains is fitly joyn'd with sweet Mercury The Infusion or Decoction of half an ounce of Bryony with Salt of Tartar is of excellent use against Dropsies of the Womb. When the Serum is mix'd with viscous Humors Coloquintida or the extract of Troches Alhandal ought to be added The lunar Pills made of the Crystals of well refin'd Silver prepar'd with Spirit of Nitre or Aquafortis or Mercurius Vitae render'd Laxative by mixing it with sweet Mercury are also noted Purges against Dropsies To which we may add the Rosin of Jalap the Infusion of a handful of the Flowers of Acacia in Whey the Syrup and Conserve of Peach Flowers Gutta Gamba given in Powder to sixteen grains or its Rosin given to twelve
straiten'd they are always Costive and Laxatives operate better in them than proper Purgatives If an Artificial or Natural Vomiting happen they throw up Acid Matter which stupifies the Teeth and corrodes a Copper Vessel so as to render it rusty After eating they are oft-times seiz'd with a gnawing pain in the Stomach reaching along the Back from the lower part to the Neck of the Gullet which some miscall Nephritic Pains as also by sudden flushings in the Face wringing pains in the Guts palpitations of the Heart perturbation of Mind and a difficulty of breathing occasion'd either by viscous Crudities distending the Stomac or Convulsions of the Midriff and Muscles of the Breast or Wind in the Abdomen hindring the descent of the Midriff In process of time hard Tumors sometimes infest the Intrals and the convulsive Contractions of the Fibres of the Branches of the Arteria Caeliaca cause beatings about the Loins While their Stomac is empty they are apt to be giddy and dull they 're liable to Head-aches loss of Memory Fear Grief aukward Dreams and vain Imaginations Their Pulse is very inconstant and all their Symptoms lyable to periodical Exasperations Frequently they are sensible as it were of Fumes rising upward from the Belly and the Paroxysm resembles a Hysterical Fit In the Paroxysm the Colour and Consistence of their Urine is inconstant but when 't is over returns to a natural Order These are the Symptoms of Hypochondriac Persons but all of 'em are rarely to be seen in one Person The most certain Symptoms that always attend are Gripings and Wind in the Guts a weak Stomac Costiveness and perturbation of the Head The Symptoms being thus premis'd let us now enquire after their Cause The first Cause is a vicious Acid in the Stomac enlarging the Appetit but unfit for Digestion Hence ensues an Acid Crudity in the first Passages which depraves the Crasis of the Blood prevents the due separation of volatil Spirits upon which the Lymph becomes Acid and the Bile inactive These are the sources of all the preceding Symptoms since Wind Noise griping in the Guts and costiveness are the natural result of a viscous Acid in the first Passages as flushings in the Face arise from its effervescence with the Bile The Convulsions of the nervous Membranes in several parts of the Body are the effect of its irritation its Crudity impairs the due fermentation of the Blood and causes a palpitation of the Heart and difficulty of breathing it depraves the Nutritious Juice of the Bowels which settles into hard Swellings and occasions a degeneracy and austerity in the Spirits hence Fear Melancholy irregular Thoughts and uncooth emotions ensue The remore causes that promote Crudities are acid Liquors or salt Victuals or such as are dryed in Smoak since both partake of the Acid Spirit of Salt or Soot Want of motion to promote Digestion and the speedy assimilation of Chyle nocturnal Study or Care exhausting the Spirits impoverishing the Blood and rendering the Lymph Acid So much for the Symptoms and Causes of the Hypocondriac Disease When this depravation deriv'd from Acid Crudities in the Stomac is carried so high that the Blood Lymph and all the Juices of the Body are notably perverted and the vicious Acid becomes volatil malignant and apt to multiply its influence by Contagion or Hereditary Succession it is stil'd the Scurvy and is generally attended by such a numberless train of various Symptoms that 't is customary to charge it with every uncommon Symptom even of other Diseases The peculiar Qualities of this scorbutical Ferment are these 1. An aptness to attack the Glandules and pervert their Lymph 2. A mortal Enmity to the nervous Systeme as appears by the following enumeration of its Symptoms Scorbutical Persons are troubled with a weariness weakness sense of weight and a dull obscure pain in the Limbs Their Appetit is either too fierce or quite dejected Their Gums are liable to Excrescences Swellings and Ulcers and when rub'd void either a saltish bloody or serous humour their Teeth are loose and corroded their Mouth stinks their Spittle is very salt and sometimes plainly Acid especially in a Morning they are oft-times molested with Nocturnal Sweats and Red Yellow or Black Spots upon the Arms and Legs sometimes as small as Flea-bites sometimes as large as a Crown-piece and sometimes the Limbs are beset with rough scaly Swellings like Measles their Skin oft-times itches and when 't is scratched becomes red or tends to a sordid Ulcer Their Urin is high colour'd or precipitats a red sandy fleshcolour'd sediment or fastens red friable Sand upon the sides and bottom of the Urinal a fat Crust or Skin swims on the top and if look'd upon side-ways appears parti-colour'd like a Peacock's Tail after the Urine is thrown out the Urinal retains a blueish Colour which is not easily wash'd off They are infested with a difficulty of Breathing and wandring Pains gird the Loins and Back and wring nay sometimes distend and harden the Belly and are oft-times follow'd by red Pimples in the Skin which disappear suddenly Sometimes they are seiz'd with nocturnal Pains in their Limbs shifting from the Arms to the Feet and è contra After violent wringing Pains their external parts frequently become paralytic Sometimes Convulsions and Hysterical Symptoms seize ' em Sometimes setled fix'd pains invade the Head and Limbs especially in the Night-time and resemble those of the French Pox. Sometimes their Legs are infested by hard stony Concretions that are void of pain unless they walk The Stomac is frequently provok'd to vomiting and their Guts to bloody Stools which are voided without gripings and after the other Excrements and so are easily distinguish'd from the Bloody-flux or the Piles They are also liable to frequent effusions of blue or greenish Blood from other parts of the Body and to a St. Anthony's Fire in their Legs which if indiscreetly manag'd becomes a Gangrene or a malign Ulcer Their Pulse is unequal frequently very small and oft-times intermits When the Disease is inveterat they 're subject to Catarrhs Defluxions Excoriations Ulcers and Consumptions From these premises we draw this Conclusion that the immediat cause of the Scurvy is a volatil saline Acid which irritats the Nerves and Membranes sharpens the Lymph Debauches the innate Spirits of the parts and perverts the equal temperature of the Blood The remote Causes are the Sea-Air impregnated with salin Acid Vapors salt and viscous Food Laziness Weakness of Digestion Infection a hereditary Conveyance and the influence of Chronical Diseases Charleton distinguishes a hot Scurvy proceeding from a Sulphur and a fix'd Salt from that which is Cold and springs from an Acid as likewise Willis who refers the cause of hot and cold Scurvy's to the prevalency of Sulphur or Salt But all these differences proceed only from the various Constitutions of Patients thwarting or promoting the efforts of the scorbutical Cause A Scurvy frequently joins it self to other Distempers in so much
especially Crabs Eyes mix'd with Vinegar Tho' Vinegar be an acid yet when joyn'd to Crabs Eyes and absorbent Powders it ferments and assumes a lixivious Urinous form which is of admirable efficacy for dissolving clotted Blood To these we ought always to add Sperma Ceti and the Decoctions or Waters of Vulnerary Plants as being inrich'd with a plentiful Alcali The dulcify'd Spirit of Nitre and all the Preparations of Nitre are also of excellent use especially if the Feaver be high As for external applications I refer the Reader to the sixth Book and shall only now take notice of two Particulars 1. The mistake of those who apply repelling Astringents in order to straiten the Vessels and hinder the Corruption of Blood Whereas the Doctrine of Circulation teaches us that the Blood convey'd thither by the Arteries cannot be beat back or return any other way than by the Veins Now to straiten the Vessels that are already straitned by the swelling is the ready way to hinder the Bloods access to the Veins and augment the Inflammation 2. If the tumor cannot be discuss'd we must bring it to a Head by ripening Applications and when the Ulcer is open see it throughly cleans'd before we attempt to consolidat The general Cure of Inflammations being thus accounted for we proceed to Particular Inflammations ART 1. Of a Quinsey Thrush and falling of the Vvula or Palat of the Mouth THE Inflammation of the Muscles of the Neck especially those of the Windpipe and Gullet is stil'd a Quinsy under which we comprehend all Inflammations relating to the Chops If the Internal Muscles of the Throat or Head of the Gullet are inflam'd 't is call'd Synanche if the External Parasynanche if the Internal Muscles of the Head of the Windpipe Cynanche if the External Paracynanche If a Quinsey proceed from the simple Stagnation of pure Blood 't is accounted Genuin if the Viscidity of the Lymph be the first Author of the Swelling and so accompany or rather cause the Stagnation 't is a spurious or white Quinsey The causes of a Quinsey are the unseasonable suppression of a Flux of Blood malignant Miasma's in the Air irritating the Throat and Windpipe the assumption of Corrosive Liquors which provoke the Muscles to contractions cold Air Bones Pieces of Glass or whatever happens to disturb the repose of those Parts or thicken the Blood or Lymph The viscidity or sharpness of the Lymph has a peculiar tendency to the Inflammation of the Tonsillae or Glandules in the Throat which causes 'em to throw out large Quantities of glutinous Lymph upon the Tongue and Jaws An Imminent Quinsey is usher'd in by a difficulty of Breathing swallowing and moving the Neck and a notable Heat in the Throat The Symptoms that accompany it are a difficulty of Breathing especially in a Cynanche the tumor pain and redness of the Neck and Tongue a viscous Film or Crust proceeding from the Tonsillae and covering the Tongue a difficulty of swallowing especially in a Synanche A genuine Quinsey is also attended by an acute Feaver and a distending Convulsive Pulse like that in a Peripneumonia But a spurious one by a slow Feaver and meeker Symptoms If this Inflammation be not quickly discuss'd it either choaks the Patient or becomes an Ulcer which sometimes distils a purulent matter into the Lungs and occasions tragical Symptoms If the swelling and redness display themselves visibly upon the external Muscles 't is a good Circumstance If the internal swelling and difficulty of breathing increase without an apparent Tumor and be attended by Froth in the Mouth If the Feaver observe the period of a continual Tertian if the Vein under the Tongue when open'd do not bleed these I say are bad Omens If the Swelling disappear of a sudden without the Signs of Concoction in the Spittle or diminution of the anxiety of the Breast or if the Head Pleura or other parts are seiz'd with Pain and inflammation by vertue of the Translation of the morbifical Matter we look for Death The Cure is either internal or external The former is the same with that of Inflammations in general providing a due regard be had to the peculiar constitution of the Parts as appears by the following Rules 1. The volatil Salts and absorbent Powders above mention'd join'd to the dulcifi'd Spirit of Nitre and Laudannm are given with good success in order to sweat Especially Horse-Dung and the Dung of Birds as being plentifully impregnated with a Volatil nitrous Salt Nitre dissolv'd in the ordinary Drink is also much approv'd 2. Amber Myrrh Spirit of Harts-horn and all Medicines recommended for Catarrhs are very proper in Quinseys by reason that the Lymph is always faulty as well as the Blood 3. In the beginning of the Disease we first open a Vein in the Leg then in the Arm and towards the height under the Tongue Before the Invasion of a Quinsey if the Patient be not Plethorick nor the Blood very high we may order Blood-letting under the Tongue but in no other case before the height If the Piles or Terms are suppressed we must always let Blood in the Leg. In desperate cases we apply Scarify'd Cupping-Glasses to the Neck Shoulders and Chin. In fine the Constitution of the Patient and other incident Circumstances must be our Directory for regulating the Measures of Bleeding 4. Epidemical Quinseys or such as proceed from the malignity of the Air must be treated as malignant Diseases without Bleeding or Purging And the Physician ought to avoid their Breath as being very catching 5. Antimonial Vomits are of singular use in the beginning of the Disease especially if it be epidemical or if the Patient be molested with a bitter rusty taste in the Mouth a tickling heat in the Gullet and a loathing of Meat They are improper at any other time besides the very height of the Disease when the suppuration is in some measure advanced and the Swelling cannot be laid open Then indeed a Vomit is the last Refuge If the Person cannot swallow any Liquor let the Throat be tick'ld with Mercurius Vitae with Hony upon a Feather 6. Purgatives are improper as being apt to augment Inflammations Perhaps in the beginning 't will not be improper to cleanse the first Passages with a Laxative But Clysters ought to be injected every Day during the whole progress of the Disease 7. Blistering Plaisters applied to the Neck after the first Blood-letting are not improper 8. If the Inflammation of the Tonsillae arising from viscid Lymph be apt to relapse frequently let an Issue be cut in the Arm. 9. We must be very nice in distinguishing a Quinsey from a Prunella which generally follows Feavers and requires the application of Medicines improper for a Quinsey See the Chap. of Acute Feavers The external part of the Cure of a Quinsey is perform'd 1. By Gargarisms Ointments Cataplasms and Plaisters of discussing Ingredients such as Chamomil and Elder-Flowers Mint Penny-Royal Wild Marjoram Sage Hyssop the
attended by the signs of Concoction are good Omens Their Cure is the same as that of other Inflammations internally all preparations of Lead mix'd with Diaphoretics and externally the Plaister of Hemlock with the Oyl of Camphyr and the Syrup of Elder with Sugar of Lead are of excellent use ART 6. Of Inflammations and Vlcers of the Kidneys THE Inflammations of the Kidneys may proceed from Riding Falls Jumping Stones in the Kidneys excessive Venery c. Their Symptoms are a heat of Urine and Strangury a sense of heat and pain in the Loyns which by the Correspondence of the Membrans frequently reaches upwards to the short Ribs and along the back so that the Person cannot bow his Body and besides is frequently molested with Vomiting and likewise downwards towards the Ureter Bladder Huckle-bone and Thigh causing a numness in the Legs Sometimes when one Kidney is inflam'd the other is either by Sympathy seiz'd with Spasmodical Contractions or so oppress'd with the Quantity of Blood that 't is unfit for secretion and causes a Dysuria To these Symptoms we add Costiveness and Chilness of external Parts Sometimes a simple Stone in the Kidneys apes the Symptoms of an Inflammation but the continual Duration and Pulsation of the Pain the acute continual Feaver the heat and difficulty in making Water that attend the latter and are strangers to the former will point out the Distinction If an Inflammation of the Reins happen to weak puny Persons or be attended by doating or if it become an Ulcer 't is very dangerous The Flux of the Emrods is a good sign but white purulent Urine with the abatement of the Feaver and extenuation of the Legs and Thighs is a certain forerunner of Death As for the Cure the external Remedies are the same as those prescrib'd for a Quinsey and the internal are the Specifics for a Pleurisie especially Nitre Sugar of Lead and the Juice of River Crabs given with the Decoction of Prunes or the Emulsions of cold Seeds Purgations are noxious unless crudities disturb the Stomac in which Case the gentlest Laxatives are only allowable Emollient Clysters or those of Milk Turpentin and the yelk of Eggs are proper Diuretics in the Beginning increase the Inflammation but when the matter is concocted the more temperat sort of 'em is useful especially Winter Cherries Liquorice Turpentin c. Or Take of the Waters of Winter Cherries Broom and St. John's wort of each an ounce distill'd Vinegar six drams dulcify'd spirit of Nitre half a dram Tartar Vitriolated fifteen grains Syrup of Ground Ivy half an ounce Mix. Dose a spoonful or two Externally we first Blood 'em in the Arm then in the Ancle and apply the juice of House-leek with the juice of River Crabs and Camphyr to which we sometimes add the Oyl of Henbane or express'd Oyl of Poppies Langius recommends an Ointment of Crude Allum mix'd with the whites of Eggs. If by these means the Inflammation cannot be discuss'd we must promote its suppuration inwardly by the Decoction of Liquorice Barly Pellitory of the Wall c. And outwardly by Cataplasms of Emollient Ingredients boyl'd in Milk Ulcers of the Reins are sometimes the effect of Inflammations and sometimes of the Corrosion of a Stone The former are less dangerous and are attended by a whitish Urine which by standing precipitats a white Purulent Sediment whereas in the latter Case the Sediment is Ashy colour'd and the pain in the Loyns more biting and gnawing In either case fetid Stools are a good sign For Cure we first exhibit a Vomit in order to cleanse the Ulcer then Pills of sweet Mercury with Turpentin or Balsam Capivi the Decoction of Woods Parsley Chervil Chicles and Agrimony and above all the Troches of Winter Cherries and the Powder of dry'd river Crabs Or the following Decoction Take of Agrimony and Flowers of St. John's wort of each a handful Mastic-wood an ounce and a half Comfrey Roots half an ounce Seeds of St. John's wort three drams Boyl them in Water c. The Spaw Waters and absorbent Powders are also not improper If the Ulcer be seated in the out-side of the Reins and seize the Muscles of the Back it ought to be laid open ART 7. Of Inflammations and Vlcers of the Bladder THE Bladder having only a few small Blood Vessels is seldom or never inflam'd by internal Causes but mostly by external injuries or the assumption of Spanish Flies or the cutting of the Stone The Symptoms are a Distention Heat Hardness Tumor and unsufferable Pain in the Pubes a suppression of Urine Tenesmus Costiveness acute Feaver and sometimes Doating It is a dangerous Disease as being very apt to degenerat into a Gangreen unless it be seated in the muscular Neck of the Bladder in which Case it oft-times suppurats and becomes a troublesome Ulcer The suppuration is discover'd by the Remission of the Symptoms and when the Ulcer breaks by the evacuation of Purulent Matter with the Urine without it break into the Cavity of the Abdomen and then it frequently gains a Passage by Imposthumes in the Groyn For Cure we treat these Inflammations after the same manner as those of the Kidneys in order to discuss ' em As for Injections of Cooling Liquors they 're altogether useless partly because they do not reach the Part and partly because supposing their entrance into the Bladder they cannot conveniently be voided again The Ulcers of the Bladders ought to be carefully distinguish'd from those of the Urethra which frequently void purulent matter without the Urine and cause a violent pain in making Water which is not found in Ulcers of the Bladder unless they be seated just in its Neck Ulcers are cur'd by dulcifying the humors of the Body and consequently the Urine cleansing and consolidating the Ulcer and mitigating the Pain The Ingredients that are proper for these Purposes are frequently mention'd above The forms of Recipe's are as follows Take of the Herbs Agrimony Plantan and Horse-tail of each half an handful Liquorice Roots two drams Boyl them in Plantan and Betony Water till the third Part be Consum'd To half a pound of the strain'd Liquor add Hony of Roses an ounce and a half Mix and exhibit a Draught twice a day for mitigating the sharp humors for which end the Decoction of Ground-pine in Milk is also very useful Take of Turpentin six drams Hony an ounce with the yelk of one Egg dissolve 'em in four ounces of Spanish Wine Mix. Dose six drams for the abovemention'd use and for cleansing the Ulcer Take of the Shavings of Lignum Sanctum three ounces Roots of Sarsaparilla Liquorice and Eryngo of each an ounce of the Herbs Agrimony Speedwell and Ground Ivy of each half a handful Flowers of Roses and Violets of each three little handfuls Raisins an ounce and a half Boyl them in Water and exhibit a Draught of the strain'd Decoction frequently for consolidating the Ulcer Take of Liquorice Roots two ounces red Vetches a little
handful the Rinds of Beans an ounce Plantan Leaves a handful Boyl them in Water with a little lye adding two ounces of Turpentin dissolv'd in Hony to a pound of the strain'd Decoction and in desperat Cases the Ointment Aegyptiacum Mix and inject it with a Syringe for cleansing the Ulcer Take of Ladies Mantle and Tops of St. John's wort of each a handful Marshmallow-roots half an ounce boil them in Lime-water adding to ten ounces of the strain'd Liquor one ounce of the Syrup of Comfry and three or four drams of the vulnerary Essence Mix for injection in order to consolidat Bathing in hot Baths and drinking Spaw Waters are much approv'd both for Inflammations and Ulcers of the Bladder ART 8. Of a Phrenzy or Inflammation of the Membranes of the Brain THE Inflammation of the Membranes and some part of the substance of the Brain was call'd by the Ancients Sphacelus as that of the Midriff was call'd Phrenitis from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Diaphragma and indeed all derivative Words ending in tis signifi'd the Inflammation of the Part whose Name they 're deriv'd from as Pleuritis Hepatitis Nephritis c. However that we may not depart from the customary manner of speaking we shall treat of the Inflammations of the Brain under the name of Phrenitides or Phrensies Their Symptoms are a visible beating in the Carotid Arteries and an unsufferable tearing Pain in the Head obliging the sick Person to throw toss and as it were beat his Head and furiously pull at the Hair They are attended by doating and are apt to degenerat into fatal Gangrenes at which time Convulsions prostration of Strength and a sort of a Lethargy insue Their Urine is pale crude and white and if their Stools be also white if the Teeth gnash the Nose drop and the Person tremble shake and pick at the Bed-Cloaths 't is a desperate case Sometimes Phrenetic Persons are only molested with frightening Dreams and a timorous inward doating without any noise which is a worse Symptom than open fury loud out-cries and violent tossings of the Limbs A Phrensie is distinguish'd from a simple Delirium by the unrelenting vehemence of the Feaver and Head-ache and a difficulty of breathing Sometimes but very rarely a Phrensie terminates in critical Sweats Bleeding at Nose Loosenesses c. Sometimes it becomes an incurable Imposthume in the Brain A true Phrensie for the most part is incurable however its Cure is attempted by Bleeding Vomits Clysters and Diaphoretics Of which more in the Second Book ART 9. Of the Genuin and Spurious Inflammations of the Eyes A Genuin Inflammation of the Eyes is either Sanguine or Serous The former is call'd Ophthalmia the latter Epiphora or Lippitudo An Ophthalmia is an Inflammation of the Tunicles of the Eye especially the Conjunctive which by reason of their Derivation from and being of a piece with the Membranes of the Brains are apt to communicate their disorder to the Brain as on the contrary the disorders of the Brain are frequently display'd in the Eyes The External Cause is whatever provokes the Fibres to Contraction and consequently obliges the Blood to stagnate in the small Arteries which are very plentiful in the Coats of the Eyes as the sharp effluviums of the Air Dust steams of Metals c. The internal cause is the suppression of any evacuation of Blood or the retention of a sharp Acid in the Body as after the Small Pox or when the running of the Ears customary to Children ceases Sometimes an Inflammation proceeding from the Effluvium's of the Air is epidemical and sometimes catching The Symptoms of an Ophthalmia are the Heat Tumor Redness Pain and watriness of the Eyes In its highest pitch the Eye-lids are likewise inflam'd and unable to shut and the White of the Eye is swell'd up above the adjacent Surface with a sort of Chink betwixt ' em If the stagnating Blood proceed from the outer Vessels we observe a Pain Tumor and beating in the Temples if from the internal Membranes and Vessels the Pain is more vehement and lies deep the Palat and Nostrils itch and the Person is apt to sneese often As for the Epiphora and blear'dness of the Eyes the former is a destillation of a Cold or Hot Rheum from the Glandules in the corners of the Eyes the latter from the Glandules of the Eye-lids in conjunction with those of the Eyes Their Causes are 1. The Laxity of the Glandules as in Old Persons and in malignant Distempers when the Animal Spirits are almost extinguish'd or when the Caruncle that shuts them is Corroded or Cut. In this case the Eyes are apt to be red for that the Blood Vessels swell when the Glandules are so often emptied 2. The irritation of the Eye and its Glandules by sharp effluviums from the Air Pepper Onions Garlic c. This Cause is at the same time apt to cause an Ophthalmia 3. The sharpness and acidity of the Lymph which tickles provokes and corrodes the Glandules The Corrosion is frequently follow'd by a roughness and that by a thickness and intransparency and consequently a total blindness The Remote Causes are whatever is apt to occasion Catarrhs All these Inflammations whether Sanguin or Serous are attended by a warriness or running of a Humour that is either sharp saltish corrosive and apt to gaul the Cheeks or insipid slimy thick and apt to make the Eye-lids stick together The former is call'd a hot Catarrh the latter a cold one The various Condition of this Catarrh presents us with four observable Periods in an Inflammation The First is call'd the Beginning viz. When the Humor is thin and plentiful The Second the Increase when the Pain grows and the Humor thickens The Third the Height when the Humor is concocted and makes the Eye-lids stick together The Fourth The Declension when all the Symptoms relent But withal we ought to remember that this Humor is sometimes the Effect and not the Cause of the Disease as in the case of external irritation for which Astringents are proper tho' noxious in other Cases A spurious Inflammation is distinguish'd from the Genuin by its comparative dryness and admits of three Degrees 1. When the Eyes itch and void a small quantity of a saltish Rheum 2. When the Eyes are red swollen heavy and molested with a gentle Pain and Itching without any flux of Matter 3. When the Eye-lids are hard and rough without itching or running The Inflammations of the Eyes proceeding from the Disorders of the Membranes of the Brain are very dangerous If the Pain continue long 't is an ill sign If the Inflammation be very tedious or apt to relapse it threatens a thickness of the Membranes or Webs Scars and loss of Eye-sight If it tend to suppuration it threatens a Gangrene which if the Eye be not quickly extirpated is apt to invade the Brain the consequence of which is certain Death A dry or spurious Inflammation is tedious but not so dangerous as
a wet one Sometimes critical Loosenesses give the solution of the Distemper As for Epiphora's if they prove inveterat in adult Persons they degenerat to a Fistula Lacrymalis which is oft-times incurable As for the Cure When the Inflammation proceeds from external Causes a few external Medicines may give relief But when the Cause is internal we proceed thus First of all we open a Vein in the Leg then in the Arm and aftewards but not sooner in the Forehead if it can be done without straitening the Neck In desperat cases we open the Jugular Veins and sometimes the Temporal Artery Blistering Plaisters appli'd to the nape of the Neck are of excellent use as occasioning a plentiful Flux of Blood into the outer branch of the Artery of the Neck which must needs drain the inner-branch that visits the Eyes They are best prepar'd of Emplastrum Citrinum mix'd with the Powder of Spanish Flies whout Acids and the Blisters ought to be kept long open with the Plaister of Ceruss mix'd with a small quantity of the Powder of Spanish Flies In Hydropical Persons or such whose Skin does not easily heal Blistering Plaisters may be omitted In difficult Cases we order Issues in the Arm or Leg of the same side with the inflam'd Eye and a Setum in the Neck Instead of a Setum some chuse to make a sort of Issue in the Ear thus Take the Root of Hellebor or Mezereon dry it and slice it into little round pieces which macerat in the solution of Nitre in Water or the Lye of the Ashes of Vine-twigs Then bore a Hole in the Ear and promote its suppuration for three Days with a thread cover'd with Butter and then put in one of these pieces thus prepar'd renewing 'em every day Internally we exhibit Jalap for a Purge and the Decoctions of China-Roots Sassafras Sarsaparilla and Juniper-Wood to which we add the Cephalic Dryers such as Fennel Eye-bright Valerian Betony Rosemary and their Essences If the Inflammation proceed from Mineral Fumes we give Mineral Preparations inwardly In external Applications we ought to avoid Opium and Milk tho' commonly usâ—d The former shuts the Pores and promotes a Gangrene the latter is also charg'd with the same Crime and besides is apt to Curdle and become Acid and by consequence must needs be prejudicial to the Eyes In the beginning of the Distemper while the heat pain redness and sharpness of the Rheum prevail absorbent Powders are proper such as Tutty Ceruss Chalk Flowers of Tin Crabs-Eyes Calaminar-stone c. In general the Water of Frogs-spawn the Water distill'd from bruis'd River-Crabs when they begin to putrifie and distill'd again with the Juice of Celandin the Oyl or Liquor per deliquium of Blew-bottle or Succory flowers they being gather'd in the Morning when wet with the Dew and put into a thick Glass encompass'd with a thick Crust of Dough and so baked in an Oven 'till they melt into Liquor the Phlegm of the Spirit of Vitriol the Oyl of Sugar per Deliquium or Sugar it self ground in a new Tin Platter 'till it become livid the Sugar of Lead Camphyr the mucilages of Flea-wort and Quince-seeds extracted with Celandin Water the Phlegm of Allum Whites of Eggs the strain'd Decoction of the Litharge of Gold in Vinegar the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum or the Glass of Antimony and in the height of the Distemper Collyriums prepar'd with white Vitriol are all approv'd Medicines If the Inflammation proceed from external Causes the above mention'd Mucilages or a piece of raw Beef or Veal applied to the Eye will finish the Cure If the Rheum be very sharp and corrosive we insist much upon fix'd absorbent Powders if it be thick and slimy diluting Medicines and gentle Astringents are convenient These Ingredients are prescrib'd in various Forms As Take of the mucilages of the Seeds of Quinces Clary and Fenugrec extracted with Celandin Water of each half an ounce Sugar of Lead twelve grains With Fennel or Eye-bright-water make a Collyrium Take of Plantan and Eye-bright-water of each an ounce prepar'd Tutty half a Scruple Camphyr five grains Saffron two grains Make a Collyrium to be us'd after the Small-Pox Take of Tormentil or Plantan-Water of each an ounce mix 'em with the White of an Egg and ten grains of Allum And apply it warm to the Eyes Take of the Glass of Antimony in Powder from ten to fifteen grains infuse 'em in three ounces of the Water of Frogs Spawn Let 'em stand all Night in a hot place Strain the Liquor in the Morning and add to it ten grains of the Sugar of Lead in fine Powder and six grains of Camphyr Take an Egg boil it hard and take out the Yelk putting into its place six grains of the Sugar of Lead eight grains of white Vitriol two grains of Camphyr and half an ounce of the Hony of Roses When they 're melted squeeze out the Liquor and drop it into the Eye especially when the Rheum is slimy and apt to make the Eye-lids stick togethet Take of Rose-water and Plantan-water of each two ounces Night-shade-water an ounce white Vitriol a scruple dissolve and strain then add a scruple of prepar'd Tutty Make a Collyrium in which dip a Clout and apply it warm to the Eyes about the height of the Distemper Take of the Ointment Diapompholigos and that of Tutty of each two drams prepar'd Pearl Coral Crabbs-Eyes Tutty and Sugar of Lead of each a Scruple Camphyr twelve grains Leaves of Gold and Silver of each four Make an Ointment With which anoint the lower part of the Eye-lids and put about the bigness of a Lentil into the corner of the Eye Take of sweet Apples roasted three in number boil them in Eye-bright-water 'till they be soft beat their Pulp thro' a sieve and add of prepar'd Tutty two Drams Camphyr ten grains Saffron four grains Make a Cataplasm for allaying the Pain and Heat Take of fresh Butter half an ounce Sugar of Lead prepar'd Tutty and Calaminar stone of each a scruple Camphyr a grain Make a Liniment for anointing the Eye-lids in a dry Inflammation A serous Inflammation is cur'd by extracting the external Objects that disturb the Eye or correcting the Acrimony of the Lymph or strengthening the Glandules For the first purpose we apply to the Eye a Crabs Eye making its hollow part to touch the apple of the Eye or a Seed of Clary or we make use of Instruments such as Hildanus recommends The Second Indication is accounted for in the Chapter of Catarrhs The Third is compass'd by moderat Astringents outwardly applied such as the Decoction of the Rinds of Pomgranats with Chamomil-Flowers especially after the Small Pox the infusion of Tormentil Roots and Allum in Plantan and Rose-water or of Tutty in Fennel-water the Powder of Citron Myrobalans infus'd three or four times in Rose-water and dry'd a-fresh every time the Liquor that flows from a Willow cut in the Spring the Decoction of dry'd Rue in
Prognostic of Empyema's those of the Brain attended by Vomiting are Mortal nay oft-times the Patient dies before the clotted Blood come to a Head Those of the Abdomen are frequently discharg'd by Imposthumes in the Groyn Those of the Breast if they be not cur'd betimes are apt to cause Phthisics and Consumptions If white smooth Purulent Matter be voided by Stool or Urine or copiously expectorated in an Empyema of the Breast and if the Thirst Inappetency Feaver and difficulty of Breathing relent 't is a good Omen But the reverse of these Circumstances is fatal The Cure consists in dissolving and evacuating the clotted Blood or promoting its suppuration evacuating the Pus and restoring the injur'd part to its due strength As for the evacuating Indication the efforts of Nature must be our Directory as if it incline to void the Matter by Urine Sweat or Stool it must be accordingly assisted If the clotted Blood be lodg'd in the Abdomen we give it Vent by a Paracentesis if in the Breast by opening the interval between the fifth and sixth Ribs reckoning downwards if in the Brain by a Trepanation All these Operations are both proper and safe if they be perform'd betimes and not put off till the Patient's strength be exhausted or the Matter be alter'd and render'd unfit for evacuation If it come by a prick we inlarge the Orifice of the Wound If the Person be Plethoric and the Blood be apt to boyl high or if the Evil was occasion'd by a Fall or Bruise Bleeding will be requisit especially that for Revulsion according to the Circumstances of the part As for internal Medicines The first in order are those which dissolve and disengage clotty Blood Such are the Decoction of Madder in Wine the Tincture of the lesser Dasies the Decoction of the Roots Leaves and Flowers of Arnic in Ale the Juice of the Herb Robert Sperma Ceti given to a dram Castor the Blood of Goats given to a dram Sparrow's Dung dissolv'd in Vinegar Man's fat melted given to half an ounce the Herbs Savin Ground Ivy Hyssop Chervil Wormwood St. John's-wort c. The Roots of Angelica Swallow-wort Birth-wort c. The Seeds of Carduus Benedictus Chervil and St. John's-wort the vulnerary Tinctures Bezoar Stone Diaphoretic Antimony and in a word all absorbent Powders especially Crabs dissolv'd in Vinegar These Ingredients ought always to be mix'd with evacuating Medicines that so the Blood when dissolv'd may be readily voided Thus if it be lodg'd in the Abdomen or if nature incline to void it by Stool we add Rhubarb and Laxatives if in the Breast we add Diuretics and Diaphoretics according to Nature's Motions In general Diuretics are the most proper The forms of Receipts are as follow Take of the Decoction of Ground Ivy a pound while 't is yet warm infuse in it over Night Rhubarb one ounce pick'd Senna Leaves half an ounce Salt of Tartar half a dram In the Morning strain the Liquor and add of the Powder of Crabs Eyes a dram and a half the Powder against Falls prescrib'd in the Ausberg Dispensatory a dram Sweeten it with the Syrup of Ground Ivy and exhibit a Draught now and then Take of the Powder of Crabs Eyes Sperma Ceti and Blood of Goats of each half a dram Mix for two Doses to be taken in Vinegar Note Vinegar renders the Crabs Eyes very Diuretic Take of Chervil Water three ounces Vinegar of Wine an ounce prepar'd Crabs Eyes a dram Diaphoretic Antimony a scruple Syrup of Ground Ivy six drams Mix for two Doses If the Head be bruis'd or Convulsions be fear'd add half a dram of the Cinnabar of Antimony Myrrh Laudanum Opiatum Spirit of Sal-Armoniac spirit of Treacle Camphoris'd Poppy-flower-water volatil Salt of Amber Essence of St. John's-wort and the vulnerary Essences may be added by turns Having dispatch'd the Cure of clotty Blood which for the most part degenerats into Empyema's we proceed to that of an Empyema it self which consists in evacuating the Purulent Matter qualifying its sharpness and strengthening the Part. The means for evacuation are either Natural or Artificial the latter are mention'd above The former are either Urine Sweat Stool or Spitting Empyema's of the Breast which may serve for a Pattern for all others as to the Cure for the most part empty themselves by Spitting and Urine tho' the Passages thro' which the Matter reaches either the Mouth or the Reins are yet undiscover'd However 't is a Physician 's part when he descry's Purulent Urine to exhibit Diuretics and when the Matter moves upwards and provokes Coughing to administer expectorating Medicines or rather a Vomit which is of wonderful Efficacy supposing still that there be no danger of a Spitting of Blood for in that case it ought to be omitted and shifted for expectorating Medicines temper'd according as the Matter is sharp or thick As for the sharpness of the Matter 't is admirably accounted for by exhibiting the Flowers and Balsam of Sulphur Balsam of Peru Myrrh and fix'd Antimonial Sulphurs such as Diaphoretic Antimony Poterius's Antihectic c. The injuries done to the solid parts by the purulent Matter are repair'd by Goats Milk and by the Decoctions of Woods Scabious Chervil and especially Ground Ivy. But Vulnerary or Balmy Medicines are not to be exhibited without such as evacuate one way or another nor without a particular regard to the Feaver that accompanies this Distemper As for Example Take of Hyssop and Scabious Water of each an ounce and a half the Flowers of Sulphur half a dram Diaphoretic Antimony a scruple Jovial Bezoar half a scruple Syrup of Tobacco an ounce Make a Potion for two Doses To which if the Feaver be high add a few Drops of the dulcify'd spirit of Nitre Take of the Water of red Poppies three ounces Vinegar of Wine six drams prepar'd Crabs Eyes a dram Diaphoretic Antimony half a dram Syrup of red Poppy Flowers six drams Make a Potion to be given by Spoonfuls Take of the Juice of Ground Ivy four ounces the Juice of Hore-hound two ounces With Sugar make a Syrup to which add of Frankincense and choice Myrrh of each a dram Mix. c. The Decoction of China Roots mix'd with Diaphoretic Antimony or that of Guajacum with the Juice of Ground-Ivy or that of Ox-bones with the Gelly of Hartshorn are also very proper The hot Balsams may be mix'd with Sugar of Lead when heat prevails Take of the Shavings of Gujacum an ounce Sassafras half an Ounce boil them in seven Pound of Common Water 'till a Pound and a half be consum'd Then add Ground-Ivy Flowers of St. John's-wort and the Herb Speedwell of each two handfuls Liquorice-Roots half an ounce Fennel-seed six drams Corants bruis'd three Ounces Boil all 'till a Pound and a half more be consum'd Strain the Decoction and exhibit a Draught thrice a Day CHAP. III. Of Bleeding or the Bursting of the Blood Vessels THE stagnation of the Blood in its own Vessels
Spirit of Vitriol Sugar of Lead the Powder of Blood-stone mix'd with Vinegar or the Juice of Pomgranats the Vitriol of Steel mix'd with Sugar of Lead Hartman's Astringent Extract of Steel given to nine Grains the Spaw-waters or in want of them the solar Liquor of steel and above all the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol prepar'd thus Take of the Native Genuin Vitriol of Steel that 's void of all Copper and dissolve it in Water if the Vitriol be not genuin put the filings of Steel into the Water and 't will precipitat the Copper and then the strain'd Liquor being thicken'd will yield the genuin Vitriol of Steel when the Vitriol is dissolv'd in Water pour into it the Oyl of Tartar per Deliquium or the Lie of the Salt of Tartar and 't will precipitat an Astringent Crocus of Steel which ought to be frequently dulcifi'd with Water and dry'd then dissolv'd in the Spirit of Nitre and after the Spirit of Nitre is drawn off the Caput Mortuum digested with rectin'd Spirit of Wine gives the Tincture which is of admirable use against all Bleedings Its Dose is thirty or forty Drops in a convenient Vehicle The Animal Province affords us burnt Hartshorn Unicorn's-Horn the Powder of green Frogs the Water of Frogs spawn Crollius's Sperniola given to fifteen Grains the Juice of Asses and Hog's Dung mix'd with the Juice of Nettles or with Sugar in the form of a Syrrup or their Powders with the Powder of the Dung of a Dog that 's wont to gnaw Bones and the Powder of the Blood that comes forth in Bleeding it being dry'd and given to a Dram in some proper Vehicle The Forms of Recipe's are as follows Take of the Extract of Flowers viz. of Red Roses Red Poppies and Dasies infus'd in Water in order to be strain'd or thicken'd for an Extract three drams Ivory and Sea-Horse-Teeth of each half a dram prepar'd red Coral a dram prepar'd Blood-stone two scruples with the Syrup of Red Poppies make an Electuary for allaying the Heaâ— and Turgescence of the Blood Take of the Pulp of Raisins three ounces choice Rhubarb and prepar'd Red Coral of each a dram and a half Ivory prepar'd without Fire a dram Sea-Horse-Teeth half a Dram Extract of Steel prepar'd with the Juice of Apples three Drams With the Syrup of Red Roses make an Electuary Of which take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening for correcting the serosity of the Blood Take of Plantan Water three Ounces Cinnamon-water three Drams Vinegar of Wine half an Ounce Astringent Crocus of Steel half a dram seal'd Earth a scruple Laudanum Opiatum three grains Syrup of Myrtles three drams Mix and exhibit a spoonful or two frequently for correcting the sharpness of the Blood and Humours For the Bleedings in Malignant Feavers we add Alexipharmacal Ingredients If a Bleeding be causâ—d by Cantharides we exhibit Milk and the Decoctions of Raisins Isinglass and Misletoe of the Oak with Gum Arabic Tragacanth c. Take of the Juice of Fresh-Asses Dung Syrup of Purslain and that of Myrtle-Berries of each half an Ounce Plantan Water an Ounce Mix for a Draught After the Bleeding is thus stopp'd we exhibit such Medicines as dissolve and evacuat clotted Blood especially if it proceeded from an internal part In the mean while we use likewise external Medicins viz. Such as either cement the Vessels by their gluy Vertue as the Whites of Eggs Mastic Aloe Beans and a living Pigeon or Hen cut up and applied to the Part whose Blood curdles upon the orifice of the Vessels and shuts 'em or such as wring the Vessels by their austerity or imbibe the Blood and stick close to the Orifices of the former sort are Vitriol Vinegar c. Of the latter are Bole Armenic seal'd Earth Allum Potters-Clay mix'd with Vinegar c. In general the French Styptic Liquor which is nothing else but the solution of Allum and half its quantity of the Vitriol of Steel in a proper Vehicle and Tulpius's compound Powder of Bole Armenic Quicklime burnt Vitriol burnt Allum Blood-stone Aloes Dragons Blood Lemnian Earth Crocus of Steel Mummy Mastic and â—rankincense these I say are generally approv'd for external use in all Bleedings ART 1. Of Bleeding at the Nose and Gums THE small Arteries inserted into the Membrane of the Nostrils are liable to frequent Bleedings as being relaxated by prevailing moisture The Symptoms and Causes of this Bleeding are related above If it be very copious and unwonted or unseasonable it prognosticates the Disorders of the Spirits in Acute Diseases especially about the height 't is an ill Omen but in the beginning of the small Pox or when it follows a Deafness after the height of a Feaver 't is not ill In the Disorders of the Liver or Spleen if the Nostril of the same side with the Part affâ—cted void Blood 't is well if that of the opposite side 't is a bad Symptom according to Hippocrates In regulating the Method of Cure we must have a particular regard to the various Causes viz. the redundancy turgescence serosity or sharpness of the Blood and single out proper Medicines according to the Directions given for Bleedings in general To which we shall only add this one Observation that in habitual Bleedings at Nose fresh Mint or its Juice taken frequently is of singular use Externally we endeavour to divert and appease the Spirits to curb the turgescence of the Blood and to shut the Orifices of the Vessels For compassing the first Design we use painful Ligatures Frights Caustics appli'd to the remote parts cold things suddenly apply'd to the Scrotum or Breast a dry'd Toad hung under the Armpits or tied to the Forehead or its Powder applied to the Nostrils a Blood-stone or genuin Jasper held in the Hand 'till it become warm Ash-wood applied to the Nostrils c. For the second end we sometimes Bleed by way of Revulsion and Derivation or apply scarifying Cupping-Glasses to the Neck or to the Calf of the Leg those which the Antients order'd for the Liver and Spleen being very dangerous and of no use Cataplasms of Fullers Earth and Vinegar and Epithema's of the Juice of House-leek Vinegar Nitre and Camphyr or of Soot Vinegar and the Whites of Eggs or of Allum Frogs Spawn and Vinegar being applied to the Fore-head Temples Crown of the Head Nape of the Neck Scrotum in Men and the Breasts in Women are of admirable efficacy for appeasing the tumultuous Motions of the Blood As for the third Indication of shutting the Orifices of the Vessels we blow into the Nostrils the Powder of Allum or Vitriol mix'd with Painters Lac or apply it with a Tent dipp'd into the White of an Egg or into the Juice of Hoggs-Dung mix'd with Juice of Plantan The Powder of Hoggs-Dung and that of Toads are very proper for the same use as likewise the Phlegm of Vitriol writing Ink the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol Soot taken from the
bottom of a Kettle and mix'd with the Powder of the Blood that runs from the Nostrils the French Styptic Liquor or a solution of Allum and Vitriol of Steel in Plantan-Water and above all the rectifi'd Spirit of Wine The Gums are also very liable to Bleedings occasion'd by the laxity of their Substance or the Corrosion of sharp scorbutical spittle or the drawing of a Tooth or by the general Causes of other bleedings If their bleeding be periodical customary or critical it ought not to be stop'd If it be caus'd by the drawing of a Tooth apply the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol with Cotton and gargle the Mouth with the Decoction of Tormentil and Snakeweed-roots with Galls and White Poppy-seeds in Water mixing it with Bole-Armenic Allum and a little Vinegar Sometimes the Spirit of Salt mix'd with Water is useful for washing the Mouth But when every other thing proves ineffectual an actual Cautery is the surest Remedy Scorbutical Bleedings are accounted for elsewhere ART 2. Of a spitting of Blood THE Blood that is evacuated by spitting may either proceed from the Stomac of which elsewhere or from the Palat Nostrils and Gums as was related in the last Article or from the Organs of Respiration viz. the Wind-pipe Bronchia or Lungs in which case the Disease is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hemoptysis or a spitting of Blood and is the subject of this Paragraph The general Causes are already accounted for The particular Causes are 1. The Rupture of some Vessel in the Breast occasion'd by a redundancy of Blood suppression of the Terms or Piles violent Crying bearing heavy Burdens Falls Blows vehement Coughing or immoderat Laughter 2. The Corrosion of the Vessels in the Breast especially in the Lungs occasion'd by the Inspiration of Mineral Sulphureous steams or by a sharp Lymph reigning in the Body as in the small Pox or when a sordid Ulcer is unseasonably dry'd To these we may add the accidental swallowing of Leeches and immoderat Bathing A Spitting of Blood is of it self manifest But to trace out the part from whence it proceeds is a piece of Difficulty For this end the Physician ought to weigh the antecedent Causes such as excessive Crying Falls Bruises of the Breast and violent Coughs which generally arraign the Lungs while other Causes are apt to affect other parts Besides the Circumstances attending the Evacuation will give some further light into the Matter as if the Blood be clotty if it be voided without Coughing or much Hauking and that in small quantities then it proceeds from the Palat Gums Throat c. and not from the Breast If it be copiously voided with a Cough that not only accompanies but precedes the evacuation and makes a hollow Noise then it comes from the Wind-pipe or Lungs and if the respiration be difficult if the Blood be florid thin and frothy as being rarify'd by the Air and if a pain beset the lower part of the Breast it certainly takes its rise from the Lungs If the Blood be black clotty and thick and voided with a Cough and hollow Noise it springs from the Veins in the Cavity of the Breast As for the Prognostic A Spitting of Blood from the Lungs is most dangerous and apt to degenerat into a Phthisic or Ulcer of the Lungs especially if it took its rise from the Corrosion of a sharp Humor If it be only a Symptom of another Disease as of a Pleurisie Peripneumonia c. it is not so dangerous as when it stands upon its own Legs If a Spitting of Blood occasion'd by a suppression of wonted evacuations or by the Turgescence of Blood be unseasonably stop'd it degenerats into a Peripneumonia or Consumption The Cure is perform'd in the Paroxysm by removing the cause appeasing and thickening the Blood and repairing the losses of the Vessels out of the Paroxysm the clotty Blood remaining in the Breast ought to be discuss'd and the Lungs strengthen'd Now in order to answer these Indications let 's mind the following Rules 1. When a Spitting of Blood is caus'd by the Corrosion of sharp humors Blood-letting is improper in some other cases it may be serviceable but regard must still be had to the Rules of Revulsion and Aversion as if it proceed from the suppression of the Piles or Terms a Vein must be open'd in the Leg When it arises from the suppression of a customary Bleeding at Nose the vein of the Fore-head or that under the Tongue is the proper place 2. Purgatives are highly pernicious But Diuretics and Diaphoretics are very useful 3. Internal Astringents ought not to be us'd before the Blood be turn'd off for fear of imprisoning the Blood in the Breast and so causing a Suffocation or Peripneumonia 4. All external Astringents and cold things applied to the Breast are more apt to enflame than mitigat the Disease 5. Opiats are always safe and useful but such of 'em as are very hot as Venice Treacle Mithridat c. are not so proper as Laudanum Opiatum and especially Henbane Seeds which are unanimously approv'd both by the ancient and modern Writers Hence an Electuary of Henbane and white Poppy Seeds with Coral Blood-stone and the stale Conserve of Roses is of excellent use However the safest way is to give but a small quantity of Henbane Seeds at a time and repeat the Doses oftner because they are very Narcotic and apt to cause Madness 6. In all Compositions we ought still to have an Eye upon the corrosive sharpness of the Humors for tempering which we use the same Medicines as were recommended against Bleedings in general especially Plantan Purslain and Comfrey their Decoctions Juices and Syrups for their Waters have no astringent force The Decoction Syrup and Conserve of Ground Ivy a noble Pectoral the Juice of Nettles the stale Conserve of red Roses Diascordium the Troches of Amber which at once temper sharp humors dissolve clotty Blood and stop its Flux The Oyl of Linseed given by Spoonfuls the Oyl of Vitriol when there 's no apprehension of a Phthisic the Juice express'd from Quinces boyl'd in Water till they be soft given to two or three Spoonfuls three or four times a Day the Decoction it self being mix'd with that of Barly or Corants for ordinary Drinking Mice Dung given to a dram twice a Day with the Juice of Plantan and Sugar the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol Bloodstone the Antiphthisical Tincture Mynsichtius's Species Diaplantaginis c. 7. When the Paroxysm is over we ought to add dissolving and expectorating Medicines such as Sperma Ceti Diaphoretic Antimony Crabs Eyes with Vinegar Oyl of Amber Oxymel of Squills c. 8. In the last place the Lungs ought to be fortify'd by Vulnerary Balmy Medicines As for external Applications some apply a dry'd Toad under the Arm-pits some trust to the Sympathetic Powder of Vitriol and others choose to wet or wash the Testicles with Rose Vinegar and that with good success Take of the Conserve
of Ground Ivy and that of Comfrey of each an ounce Conserve of Roses an ounce seal'd Earth impregnated with spirit of Vitriol providing the Lungs are not corroded two scruples prepar'd Blood-stone a scruple Troches of Amber a dram Laudanum Opiatum six grains With the Syrup of Comfrey make an Electuary Of which take the Quantity of a Nutmeg twice a day Take of Plantan Purslain and Chervil Waters of each an ounce Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol a dram Troches of Amber two scruples Crollius's Sperniola fifteen grains Laudanum Opiatum five grains Fernelius's Syrup of Comfrey and the Syrup of Purslain of each half an ounce Make a Potion The Spaw Waters Milk and the vulnerary Decoctions are us'd as preservatives SECT XIX Of Diseases relating to the Alterations of the Blood in the Spleen Liver and Kidneys AS the Blood visits the Bowels for their nourishment so it is variously alter'd according to the Nature of every Bowel In the Spleen 't is impregnated with a Volatil sour Ferment that prepares and qualifies its parts for separation in the Liver 't is separated from the Bile which is convey'd thence in t othe Gut either directly thro' the Ductus Hepaticus or after some stay in the Gall-bag thro' the Ductus Cysticus Now there are several Cases in which this separation is lamely perform'd viz. When the Animal Spirits are exhausted or disorder'd or the innate Spirits of the respective Bowel vitiated or when Inflammations or Tumors invade the Part as in Chronical Diseases not as if the Obstructions or Tumors of the Spleen or Liver were the Causes of Chronical Distempers but only as being their effects or at least troublesome Companions that ought to be accounted for in the Cure of those Distempers it being generally compass'd by Chalybeats or such Medicines as conquer an Acid and clear the first Passages which are the Original Source of all Obstructions In the Kidneys the Blood being carry'd thither by the Emulgent Arteries is dissolv'd by a lixivious Ferment and its Serum laden with acid and urinous Salts invelop'd with Oily Particles is strain'd thro' the small Fibres that convey it to the Corpus Papillare from whence it sweats through into the Pelvis and passing thro' the Ureters and Bladder is voided under the name of Vrine If the Salts of the Urine be exactly united together they entitle it to transparency if their mixture be unequal it is muddy or crude and betokens the unequal temperature of the Salts in the Blood But so soon as the Blood has conquer'd the prevailing heterogeneous Salt that over-match'd and disturb'd the Harmony of the rest then the Urine precipitats 'em as a Sediment and becomes clear In perfect Health it contains nothing but these Salts incorporated with Oyl and a serous Vehicle but when the Chyle is not elaborat or perfectly digested then its Crudities and the Sulphureous vicious Salts occasion'd by them are voided with the Serum and impart to it a high or flat Tincture according to the various Exaltation of the Salts and their mixture with Sulphur CHAP. I. Of Distempers relating to the separation of Serum in the Kidneys ART 1. Of an Ischuria in the Kidneys or a suppression of Vrine arising from the want of a due Separation in the Reins THE Causes of an Ischuria in the Kidneys relate either to the Blood or the Kidneys The former are the Redundancy of the Blood or its vicious thickness and the close Cohesion of its Parts occasion'd by Acid or viscous Lymph and an imperfect Fermentation as in Feavers before the Height in Chronical Diseases obstructions of the Bowels c. The latter relating to the Kidneys are 1. The Obstruction of their Passages occasion'd by clotted Blood as in the case of a Fall Purulent Matter either residing there or convey'd thither from other Ulcers viscid tough Humors a Stone in the Kidneys external cold contracting the Fibres nephritic Tumors c. 2. The Paralytic Laxity of the Fibres occasion'd by a weakness or deficiency of Spirits by preceding Wounds or Ulcers by the disorders of their Nerves the dislocation of the Vertebrae of the Back c. 3. The Convulsive Contractions of the Fibres which are frequently occasion'd in one Kidney by a Stone in the other thro' the correspondence of the Nerves 4. The flatness of the Ferment in the Kidneys or its degeneracy from a volatil salin Acrimony as in Dropsies Cachexies c. A Suppression of Urine arising from the default of the Kidneys is distinguish'd from that in the Bladder by a sense of weight about the Loyns the insufficiency of a Catheter for procuring Urine and the absence of a Tumor or pain about the Pubes or Perinaeum sometimes 't is attended by stinking Sweats or such as smell like Urine a stinking Breath Anxieties in the Breast Vomiting an universal Benummedness Epileptic Symptoms and Tumors of the Abdomen and Legs If the Urine before the suppression was thick and muddy with a copious slimy Sediment the Body being universally infested with tough coarse Humors then the suppression is caus'd by Slime stopping the Passages If the Urine before the suppression was Bloody or if a Blow Fall or violent Riding occasion'd it then clotted Blood is the immediat Cause If the Urine was mix'd with Purulent Matter or if any considerable Bowel be ulcerated the Obstruction is caus'd by the corrupt Matter If the Urine was voided without any other remarkable Symptom than that of losing its wonted Smell and Taste the Ferment is faulty An Ischuria in the Kidneys is worse than that in the Bladder If it be attended by Symptoms disturbing the Breast 't is very dangerous If the Urine force its Passage before the Seventh day it affords a comfortable Prediction tho' not infallible especially if the Blood and solid Parts be much corrupted Some Instances there are of a total suppression of Urine for ten fourteen or twenty Days that was cur'd but these are unfrequent besides they are generally attended by a perpetual Sweating Vomiting or some notable evacuation of Serum otherwise they would prove Mortal If a suppression of Urine be free from pain it proceeds from the Paralytic Laxity of the Fibres and is always Mortal The Cure varys according to the Difference of the Causes In general gentle Laxatives mix'd with Diuretics and Turpentin Clysters are proper as being apt not only to irritat the Guts but to promote Urine If the Obstruction be caus'd by clotty Blood Madder Sperma Ceti Crabs Eyes mix'd with Vinegar Chervil Ground Ivy St. John's-wort especially its Seed and above all the volatil Salt of Amber are proper Ingredients If the Obstruction be occasion'd by Purulent Matter we exhibit the Balsam of Sulphur prepar'd with Oyl of Turpentin the Essence of Agrimony Juice of Ground Ivy and such like vulnerary Medicines If a slimy humor beset the Kidneys we must first evacuat the slimy Crudities by Laxatives before we attempt to use Diuretics for fear they should augment the Evil as
The Essence of Wrens is much applauded as likewise the following Pills Take black Beetles gather'd in May without touching 'em with one's Hand Suffocat 'em in Spirit of Wine then dry 'em cut 'em into pieces and in the middle of their Body ye will find a viscous Liquor which mix with their Powder to the consistence of a Balsam Then take of this Balsam adram distill'd Oyl of Anis and that of Cloves of each three drops Make Pills Of which exhibit two grains once or twice in Elder-flower water in the Morning with a fasting Stomac They will cause a Strangury that shall last for thirty Days If Diuretic Med'cines prove ineffectual we ought to discontinue their use for some time lest the Kidneys be overcharg'd with Crudities The strongest of these Diureticks are by some call'd Lithontriptica or dissolvers of the Stone in the Body but I doubt much if any such Med'cines be yet discover'd 'T is certain that Spirit of Nitre will dissolve a Stone out of the Body but the alteration it undergoes in mixing with the various Humours in the Body cramp its virtue within us And therefore whoever pretends to the knowledge of Lithontriptica's must have found out such a Med'cine as is not liable to be chang'd by the Humours of the Body and besides that is neither an Acid nor an Alcali but consists of both as the Stone it self and is peculiarly calculated for its Pores as Aqua fortis is for Silver Some have exploded all Lithontriptica's as being too corrosive and apt to injure the Stomac Guts c. But they ought to consider that all sharp dissolving Menstruum's are not corrosive to the taste as Arsenic Quick-silver Mercurius Vitae c. whic are altogether insipid And besides some Liquors are qualify'd for dissolving hard Concretes that wo'not pick upon softer Objects as Vinegar dissolves the shells of Eggs while their inner Membran is left intire After the Paroxysm is over and the Stone voided we ought to prevent the generation of new ones by proper preservatives as 1. By keeping the first Passages clean with Laxatives and once in three or four Months a Vomit or a stronger Purge 2. By correcting the Acid in the first Passages with absorbent Powders and the fix'd Salts of Diuretic Plants 3. By cleansing the Reins and evacuating the first Rudiments of the Stone with volatil Diuretics the Spirit and volitil Salt of Tartar the Spirit of Urine that of Sal-Armoniac the Spirit of Worms Elixir Proprietatis Turpentin fat Broth Whey c. Some commend Milk but its Curd disswades us from using it However we ought still to remember that the Diuretics must be of the meeker sort and exhibited only once or twice in a Fortnight or three Weeks and that at some distance from the times of eating but not till the first Passages are clear'd 4. By strengthening the Reins retrieving their ferment and preserving the Urine from corruption with balmy Med'cines such as Turpentin the Balsam of Sulphur Juniper St. John's-wort-seeds c. ART 3. Of a Diabetes or excessive Flux of Vrine A Diabetes is either genuin or spurious The former is a voiding of Liquors by Urine without any stay or alteration in the Body The latter is a voiding of a much larger quantity of Urine than that of Liquids receiv'd into the Body The cause of the former is the laxity and openness of the Passages which lead directly from the first Passages to the Reins 'T is true these Passages are not yet discover'd but the quick Passage of some Liquors and their being voided without any alteration in colour taste or consistence according to the Observations of Galen Bartholin Hildanus c. do sufficiently evince their necessity The cause of the latter is a sharp volatil Salt or Ferment bred in the first Passages that dissolves the fat acid in the Blood Chyle and muscular Flesh unlocking their Texture and melting the ferment of the Reins Thus the balmy and nutritious parts of the Blood being melted down and tinctur'd with a sharp acrimony they stimulat the Kidneys and force their passage This volatil Alcali Salt is not unlike that which sometimes causes melting loosenesses or that of Spanish Flies and Beetles and is frequently the follower of violent Diureticks Perhaps it also sucks in the humidity of the Air in the Body by virtue of which it melts and so increases the quantity of Urine which sometimes exceeds that of all the Juices in the Body The Symptoms of the spurious Diabetes are the crudity thinness and sweet taste of the Urine with a fat Scum swimming upon it a notable weakness leanness dryness of the Mouth thirst a heat and pain in the Loyns a slow Feaver and in short all the Symptoms of a Hectic If it follow immoderat Labour Venery or Chronical Feavers 't is uncurable For Cure of a genuin Diabetes we exhibit Astringents and Aromatics such as we generally prescribe for defending and fortifying the Stomac and Bowels in the use of Spaw Waters Thus the astringent crocus of Steel the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol Bole Armenic seal'd Earth Conserve of Roses vitriolated the decoction of Orange-peel and Plantan bol'd in Chalybeat-water are very proper Some recommend as an Arcanum a Cocks-comb calcin'd and exhibited with ones own Urine As for the Cure of a spurious Diabetes we must endeavour to correct the Acrimony of the Volatil Alcali to prevent the colliquation of the Juices by Narcotics and proper Astringents First of all their Diet must be the same as that of Hectic Persons In the next place vomiting is very proper to which we subjoin the Powder of the natural Blood-stone or of the Artificial one made of the Vitriol of Steel and Sugar of Lead The Antiphthisical Tincture prepar'd from the same Ingredients The Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol the astringent Crocus of Steel the Powder or Spirit of Allum Amber and its Troches or those of seal'd Earth taken in an Acid Vehicle the Tincture or Magistery of Coral prepar'd with the Juice of Citrons or their mixture with Vinegar Take of Plantan Water three ounces Distill'd Vinegar six drams red Coral pulveriz'd not prepar'd a dram Laudanum Opiatum two grains Syrup of Purslain an ounce Mix and exhibit a spoonful frequently Quicklime-Water given to four or five ounces thrice a day is of singular use in this Distemper as also Milk especially Chalybeat Milk or that in which hot Irons are frequently extinguish'd Asses or Goats Milk are the Best and next to them Cows Milk The Emulsions of sweet Almonds and white Poppy-seeds are also very proper Externally some apply to the Kidneys the Juice of River-Crabbs or Baggs of Plantan and Oak-Leaves boil'd in Chalybeat Milk ART 4. Of a Pissing of Blood THE Urine is sometimes tinctur'd with Blood and that more or less according to its quantity The Blood springs either from the Kidney Ureters or Yard or from the Contusions of other parts The Causes are the same as those of
all Bleedings viz. Either an Anastomosis or Diaeresis The former is caus'd by the laxity of the Pores of the Reins violent Motion Jumping Falls excessive Venery violent Diuretics and a redundancy of Blood in the Body The latter by sharp corrosive Humors as in maligant Feavers the Small Pox and the Scurvy or by the application of Spanish Flies without mixing and tempering them with Acids by the Stone Ulcers c. The bloody Urine is distinguish'd from that which is only tinctur'd by Salts by its thick intransparent Consistence and a red blackish Sediment like clotted Blood at the bottom of the Urinal When the Blood proceeds from the Kidneys or Bladder a heavy or gnawing pain besets those parts When the Blood is plentiful and well mix'd with the Urine and is not curdled but liquid when it falls to the bottom it comes from the Kidneys When the Blood is scarce unequally mix'd voided with Pain and gives a clotty Sediment it takes its rise from the Bladder If the Blood be voided without the Urine or fall to the Bottom immediately upon making of Water it proceeds only from the Vrethra If a sharp Urine be voided with a sharp gnawing biting Pain and if a strangury or difficulty of making Water went before the flux of blood is caus'd by the Corrosion of the Vessels If it proceed from Cantharides the Person is molested with an eternal erection of the Yard If it proceed from the corrosion or ulceration of the Bladder 't is very dangerous but that from the corrosion or weakness of the Reins is yet more such For Cure the Causes must be enquir'd after and remov'd after the same method as in spitting of Blood A redundancy of blood admits of bleeding The sharpness of the Serum prohibits both that and Purgation Rhubarb indeed may be allow'd as being an Alterative and Fortifyer of the Reins as well as a Laxative Sylvius's Mixture of Coral Dragons-blood Laudanum and Syrup of Myrtles with Vinegar and Plantan and Cinnamon-water is a general prescription for all Haemorrhagia's However the Acrimony of the Urine ought always to be accounted for by the Juice of Plantan or Purslain or the Syrup of the Juice of Comfrey and that of Plantan Leaves the Decoction of Ground-Ivy or the following Decoction Take of the Herbs Agrimony and Yarrow the tops of St. John's Wort and the Moss of Bullace-Trees of each a handful Comfrey-Roots two ounces St John's-wort-Seeds two three or four drams boil 'em in Chalybeat Milk or Whey or Black-Smith's Water sweeten the strain'd Decoction with the Syrup of Comfrey and add to every Draught Crabs Eyes dissolv'd in Vinegar The Decoction of Ground-Ivy or Ground-Pine Sheep's Milk exhibited to four ounces with a dram of Bole-Armenic Amber and especially its Troches given to a dram with half a dram of Bole-Armenic and a little Vinegar in Plantan-water or with Crabbs Eyes and Sugar of Lead the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol the Antiphthisical Tincture prepar'd Blood-stone exhibited with Milk especially when the Disease is caus'd by Cantharides and the Emulsions of milky Seeds are all very proper and ought to be frequently interlac'd with Laudanum Opiatum To these we add vulnerary Ingredients especially the Juice or Powder of River-Crabbs and Turpentin either given in Pills with Rhubarb or dissolv'd with the Yelk of an Egg in some convenient Vehicle The Spirit and Oyl of Turpentin are too sharp If the Bladder be ulcerated we may inject the Troches of Amber mix'd with Plantan Water or the Juice of Plantan with the Powder of Blood-stone When the Pissing of blood is over we ought to dissolve the clotty Blood that may remain in the Bladder with Amber and its Productions CHAP. II. Of Diseases relating to the Expulsion of Vrine from the Bladder ART 1. Of a total suppression of Vrine arising from its stay in the Bladder THE Urine being separated in the Kidneys is convey'd through the Ureters to the Bladder and when its distending quantity or its sharpness provokes the Bladder to Contractions is voided thro' the Vrethra This natural Evacuation is suppress'd either thro' the default of the Bladder or of its Sphincter or of the Vrethra The Bladder is faulty when its Fibres are heedless and stupid as in Malignant Feavers or relaxated and unable to contract it This may be occasion'd by staying long in cold Water by Wounds Blows Bruises in the lower part of the Back or any Injury done to the Nerves of the Part by an excessive quantity of Urine forcibly retain'd in the Bladder by Worms Ulcers Inflammations Tumors c. in the Bladder and adjacent parts and by the remissness of the Muscles of the Abdomen which ought naturally to press its Fibres The Sphincter is faulty when it shuts the Orifice as being constantly contracted 'T is provok'd to such Contractions by Cholic and Nephritic Pains Scorbutical Pains in the Abdomen and the Application of Spanish Flies The Vrethra or Passage which leads from the Bladder is faulty when Inflammations Tumors or Venereal Excrescences beset the Neck of the Bladder Prostratae or Perinaeum or when 't is block'd up by a Stone clotty Blood or viscous glutinous Humours occasion'd by using Diuretics immediately after eating before the Chyle be transform'd or by giving bad Milk to New-born Children who are naturally liable to that Symptom The Symptoms of this Distemper are these When the Bladder is over-distended by a large quantity of Urine the Person is molested with a grievous pain and vain desire of making Water and the suppression is difficult to cure when the Bladder is Paralytic 't is insensible of Pain or of any Provocation to evacuat when the urinary Passage is obstructed a painful Tumor appears in the Pubes and is exasperated by touching If clotty Blood cause the Obstruction 't is discover'd by preceding Falls Bruises pissing of Blood c. If glutinous Humors block up the Way antecedent Causes and Slime voided with the Urine will give us to know it If a suppression of Urine in the Bladder be free of all Pain and attended by a Tenesmus and Hiccough it prognosticates Death That from a Schirrus in the Neck of the Bladder or adjacent parts is not easily cur'd The Cure is vary'd according to the Causes If the Bladder be Paralytic and insensible we give inwardly Cephalic Medicines especially the Elixyr and distill'd Oyls of Juniper the distill'd Oyl of Amber or that of Turpentin the Brains of Magpies c. and inject Clysters first of emollient Ingredients and afterward of Centory Coloquintida c. Or we administer gentle Purgatives and order the Person to keep in his Breath and squeeze the Abdomen If these methods be ineffectual we open the Passage with a Catheter or rather a Wax Candle anointed with Hony and Oyl of sweet Almonds When the Bladder is empty'd we inject the Decoction of Sage Penny-royal wild Marjoram Calamint Rue Castor c. in Wine and foment the External Parts with a Spunge or apply
into a round uniform Globe and are call'd Conglobatae some into a Cluster call'd Conglomeratae The former convey their Juice thro' Lymphatic Vessels into the left axillary Vein where it dilutes and prepares the Chyle for an easie union with the Blood and likewise promotes the fermentation of the Blood in the Heart and Lungs as being of a volatil Spirituous Nature The latter throw their Juice into some noted Cavity as the Spittle into the Mouth the Juice of the Sweat-bread into the Guts c. These Juices as separated or suck'd from the Blood partake of acidity which is temper'd by the Animal Spirits repairing to the Glandules they being condensated and incorporated with the Liquor The Separation of this Liquor is frequently disturb'd by the Obstructions of the Glandules of which else where ART I. Of Catarrhs A Catarrh is a preternatural Defluxion of Lymph from the Conglamerated Glandules into some noted Cavity of the Body especially the Throat Breast and Head where these Glandules are very plentiful and their Lymph is most liable to alterations from the Air. A Catarrh therefore proceeds from the Constriction of the Fibres of the Glandules occasion'd by some provoking Causes These Causes are either External or Internal The former are the malignity of the Air in Epidemical Catarrhs sharp Steams and external Cold contracting the Fibres hindring a free Transpiration and so occasioning the redundancy stagnation and provoking sharpness of the Lymph The internal Causes are the sharpness or Acrimony of the Blood and consequently the Lymph occasion'd by an imperfect Digestion in the Stomac Scorbutical Salts c. Or the occasional Corruption of the Peculiar Nutritious Juice of the Glandules which being deprav'd sticks to their sides and provokes 'em to Contractions This degeneracy of their Juice arises from external injuries or whatever internal Cause is apt to weaken or exhaust their innate Spirit When the Fibres or innate Spirits of the Part are weaken'd the Catarrh is Habitual and apt to relapse in other Cases 't is only Accidental and generally take its rise from external Occasions When a Catarrh begins 't is Thin and Sharp as being the pure Lymph without mixture but afterwards by its continued Flux it depraves the nutritive Juice of the Glandules which mixes with it and renders it Thick and Temperat When the Lymph is very Corosive and Sharp 't is usually call'd a Hot Rheum when 't is Thick and Slimy 't is entitled Cold. There is yet a Spurious sort of Catarrh near ally'd to this above-mention'd viz. The Stagnation of the serous part of the Blood in any parts either before or after its conversion into Lymph as when Nocturnal Cold or the Diminution of the ordinary transpiration causes pain in the Limbs This is not properly a Catarrh but a stagnation of Serum or Lymph caus'd by the Constriction of the Fibres of the part in which 't is lodg'd Thus the Tooth-ach Scorbutic pains in the Limbs Bastard Pleurisies c. are of the same kind The Causes from which they take their rise are much the same as those of the Genuin Catarrh Sometimes the true Catarrh causes Feavers which are particularly accounted for in the Section of Feavers An imminent Catarrh is usher'd in by a weariness of the Joynts heaviness of the Head dullness of the Senses and Froth making a circle in the Urine If the Lymph be thin and sharp 't is mostly voided in the Night time and a slow Feaver increasing towards the Evening accompanies it if it be thick and slimy 't is equally troublesom at all times but the Symptoms are more remiss If a Catarrh recur frequently in the same part or if the part be influenc'd by the alterations of the Weather 't is a sign that the nutritive Juice of the Glandule is deprav'd and its innate Spirit weaken'd If it be caus'd by the Crudites or imperfect Digestion of the Stomac it distinguishes it self by frequent relapses either in the same or different parts by the Person 's propensity to spit and sweat much and the thinness and paleness of the Urine Catarrhs in the Breast or Wind-pipe are apt to cause a Cough or Phthisic In old Persons they 're scarce curable by reason of the weakness of their Digestive faculty the natural Laxity of their Glandules flatness of their Spirits and Acrimony of the Serum A Catarrh in the Glandules of the Brain is apt to cause Palsies Lethargies and such like disorders of the Spirits That from the Nose and Mouth is least dangerous especially if the Matter come quickly to Concoction As to the Cure let the following Cautions be minded 1. The best Evacuaters are Diuretics and volatil Sudorifics When the Stomac is faulty Vomits and Purges are proper but not in other Cases 2. Chronical or Habitual Catarrhs proceeding from the Acrimony of the Serum as in old and Scorbutical Persons are influenc'd by the Moon and therefore Preservatives ought always to exhibited before the new Moon 3. Opiats are of excellent use especially in the beginning of a Catarrh arising from external Causes They ought always to be mix'd with volatil Salts and proper Specifics Towards the height of the Disease or in epidemical and critical Catarrhs they must be cautiously us'd 4. Issues and Blistering Plaisters are of use for draining the Lymph or relieving a particular part but they cannot remove its Cause Therefore in scorbutical Cases or when the Evil is inveterat and scarce curable à Priori we must insist on such a palliative Cure being directed thereto by nature which frequently throws out the Lymph by Ulcers in the Legs 5. Bleeding is not proper But in some particular Cases as when the Body is very Plethoric or Blood suppress'd in the Body or when the Catarrh falls upon a noble part 't is allowable These Cautions being premis'd let 's now Consider the Indications As 1. The Activity of the Cause and sense of the Part ought to be impair'd by Opiats 2. The quantity of the Lymph must be lessen'd its vicious quality corrected and the solid part cleans'd by volatil Sudorifics 3 The Stomac must be strengthen'd its due digestion retriev'd and the solid part fortify'd by balmy Aromatics The specifics proper for these purposes are Mother of Thyme Rose-mary Avens-roots Juniper-berries and all Aromatics Sassafras especially its Tincture prepar'd with the spirit of wild Thyme Amber and all it preductions especially the succinated spirit of Harts-horn Myrrh Sulphur or its Flowers Mastic-wood and Sperma Ceti From such Ingredients we make several Prescriptions such as the Decoctions of Woods the infusion of Aromatic and Stomachical Herbs in Wine an Electuary of the Rob of Juniper-berries mix'd with Spices c. The Cure of sharp and thick Humors vary's as that of dry and wet Coughs In scorbutical Cases we always add some preparation from the Pine-tree When we exhibit Purgatives we mix 'em with the Specifics as in Crato's Pills of Amber Jalap sweet Mercury and in inveterat Cases Hellebor are recommended
Diseases if the Urine remain crude and the Person is seiz'd with a Deafness it portends Doating If it be accompany'd with the signs of Concoction it signifies the Solution of the Disease If attended by a Perturbation of the Eyes a Heaviness in the Head and a Distention of the lower Belly it bespeaks a Bleeding at the Nose especially if the Patient be apt to rub it A Deafness succeeding to Doating is a better Circumstance than if it went before As for the Cure In acute Diseases it disappears upon the Solution of the Disease or if it continue longer is cur'd by Cupping behind the Ears or smoaking Tobacco or putting into the Ears a little Cotton dip'd in Aqua Anhaltina If it subsist by it self without any dependance upon other Distempers the Cure must be accommodated to the Cause that produces it If it arise from an Obstruction in the Passage occasion'd by the hardening of the Earwax or otherwise 't is cur'd by injecting the Juice or Essence of Wormwood or Child's Urine or the Spirit of Urine unrectify'd If it proceed from other internal Causes a tender regard must be had to the Drum and the hearing Nerve by preserving their due Order with Aromatic and Nervous Medicines In a Catarrhous case give internally what follows Take of the Essence of Rosemary Flowers of Saint John's Wort and of Sassafras of each two Drams mix c. Amber given inwardly or apply'd to the Ear in a little Cotton is an admirable Medicine for old People Mosch or Civet or Balsam of Peru diluted with Spirit of Wine or Origanum Water distill'd with Wine or the Water of Carduus Benedictus rectify'd by frequent Cohobation are all us'd externally the same way If Deafness be attended by a remarkable Heat in the Ears the Water that drops from one end of a piece of Ash-wood while t'other is put into the Fire or the Water of Ants or the Water distill'd from Flies or Magpy Water with Castor or the Juice of Radishes or of Onions mix'd with Oil of Amber and Oil of Bitter Almonds are all applauded Remedies and are to be us'd with Cotton or a Linnen Cloth Above all the penetrating Aromatics as Spirit of Treacle Essence of Wormwood and of Cloves c. are preferable Human Gall or the Galls of other Animals infus'd in Spirit of Wine are much commended Or Take of Ox's Gall and Spanish Wine of each equal Quantities distil from them a Liquor to be drop'd into the Ear or applied in Cotton or a Linnen Cloth Take of the Roots of black Hellebor half a Dram Roots of Aromatic Calamus two Scruples Pulp of Coloquintida a Scruple Bay Berries a Dram Cumin Seeds from two Scruples to two Drams and a half Cut and beat them small and infuse them in four Ounces of Spirit of Wine and use the strain'd Liquor as above or sharpen it with Essence of Amber All Preparations from Ants are of wonderful use in this case As Take of the Eggs of Ants one Ounce and six Galls of Hares beat them up with a double Quantity of Hony and then drop it into the Ear. Or Take twenty of the little white Worms that are found betwixt the Bark and Wood of an Oak-tree Let them boil in two Ounces and a half of the Oil of unripe Olives Then take the Root of Sowbread and cut it hollow Fill the hollow space with the Oil of these Worms and add of prepar'd Pellitory Roots and of the Roots of Aromatic Costus from half a Scruple to a Scruple Oil of Costus or of Rue as much as it can hold Close up the Root and roast it under the Ashes then bruise it in a Mortar and with force express the Juice and pour some Drops of it into the Ear every day for ten ays together Timaeus and Heertodius recommend it for an incomparable Remedy The Fat of Serpents or of Vipers or the Fat that drops from roasted Eels are proper in this case and may be mix'd with the Oil of Amber or Aniseeds Some commend a Fumigation of the Ears from a mixture of Sal Armoniac Oil of Tartar per Deliquium and a double quantity of Quicklime with common Water After the application of these external Remedies the Ear ought always to be stop'd with Cotton and Amber or Musk upon it and the Patient must lie upon the sound Ear that so the Virtue of the Medicines may penetrat the more Besides 't is to be remark'd that oily viscid Medicines are not so mild as those of a thin spirituous Substance and that they ought never to be applied till the Ear be purg'd and wip'd clean All Medicines thus applied must be just luke-warm and two or three Drops may always suffice for one time If Deafness come by Fits or depend upon a Catarrhous Disposition of the Brain just before the Invasion of the Paroxism 't is proper to apply to the Crown of the Head a Cloth dip'd in Apoplectic Spirits or Oils If it be occasion'd by a vehement Noise 't is not amiss to apply hot Bread from the Oven with Juniper and Bay-Berries baken into it Or Take of the Herbs Marjoram Sage Rosemary and the Flowers of red Roses of each half a handful Juniper Berries one Ounce Cumin Seeds half an Ounce chop and beat them small and stitch them into a Bag to be applied hot or wet with a convenient Vehicle A Fumigation receiv'd at the Ear from a Decoction of Filings of Steel with distill'd Vinegar and Cephalic Herbs or from the Flowers of Sulphur is much esteem'd After the Fumigation is over apply to the Ear distill'd Oil of Fennel with Cotton In Chronical or Catarrhous Cases the hot Baths are very proper both for Bathing and Pumping upon the Head An Issue cut in the Arm of the same side with the affected Ear is likewise very useful on this occasion If Deafness be caus'd by a Fall Contusion or external Violence distill'd Soubread Water is a proper Remedy and a Plaister made of equal Quantities of Tacamahac and Cerecloth of Betony may be applied to the Head shav'd Hot Urine taken from a hunted Hare is commended by some If any Obstruction or such like cause give rise to a Deafness 't is probable a Salivation procur'd by Mercury may be useful But 't is a desperate Cure and must be cautiously undertaken Thus I 've dispatch'd the first Branch of the Disorders of the Ear the next is when the Sense of Hearing remains and the Patient is molested with a tingling or noise in his Ears It proceeds from a preternatural Motion of the internal Air contain'd in the Cavity of the Ear which affects the Fibres of the Drum and so represents an imaginary Sound This Motion may be occasion'd by subtil foreign Fumes exhal'd from the Blood in the adjacent Arteries which disturb the Repose of the internal Air or by the Irritation or violent misplacing of the Drum from any internal or external Cause Convulsions of this Membran may be occasion'd by
The volatil Remedies prepar'd from human Urine and the Parts of Animals are all proper Antidots against a volatil Acid. As for example Take of Aqua Articularis for external use from an Ounce and a half to two Ounces Spirit of Urine or Spirit of Sal Armoniac prepar'd with Quicklime six Drams putrify'd Earthworms or Earthworms mix'd with a volatil Salt two or three Drams Mix and bathe the Part affected Or Take of the Leaves of Tobacco of Sage of Rosemary of each one handful Angelica Roots half an Ounce Roots of Cuckow Pint and Pelsitory of Spain of each two Drams Rosemary Flowers Lavender Flowers and Flowers of Arabian Stechas of each two little handfuls Rocket Seeds six Drams Castor three Drams pour upon them two Pints of Spirit of Wine and one Pint of Spirit of Worms Let them stand warm for some days in a close Vessel And then strain the Liquor to be us'd as above Venice Soap dissolv'd in Spirit of Wine is good for Arthritic Pains In case of a burning Pain it ought to be mix'd with Water of Frogs Spawn or Spirit of Wine with Camphyr and Saffron Camphyr Oil of Frogs and the Oil of the Juice of Dwarf-Elder and all emollient Oils are convenient in Arthritic Pains Paracelsus's Oil prepar'd from Galbanum with Turpentine and Oil of Spike and the Oils distill'd from Aromatic Seeds from the Bones and Fat of Animals or from Wax digested with Spirit of Wine are celebrated Medicines in all Pains arising from an Acid. Or Take of Balsam of Peru one Ounce dissolve it with the Yelk of an Egg and add three Ounces of the Spirit of Juniper Berries or of Elder Flowers Mix for external Unction The Gums and Plaisters prepar'd from 'em are proper in the case of a viscid Acid. And likewise Cataplasms of human Dung or the Dung of Animals with Oil of Roses Among Purgatives in this case sweet Mercury is the best And Sudorifics are the best internal Medicines 2. All Anodyn Pacific Medicines are us'd for Aches As Milk Emulsions Mucilages or Oils of softening Herbs Cataplasms made of white Bread Milk and Saffron Or Take of the Crum of white Bread a sufficient quantity let it soak in Cows Milk Mix it with Yelks of Eggs and fresh Butter and an Ounce and a half of the Oils of Chamomile Dill white Lillies and Earthworms Apply it to the Part affected with a warm Cloth Swallow-water with Castor Liniments of the Fat of Animals and emollient Oils and all oily softening Liquors or Ointments are all proper for external use 3. Narcotic Medicines stupify the Part and so lessen the Sense of Pain But where a viscid Acid prevails they are inconvenient In case of a sharp Serum they are not amiss As Take of the Hypnotic Ointment two Drams express'd Oil of Nutmegs two Ounces Oil of Henbane Seeds one Ounce mix Or Take of Oil of Dill and express'd Oil of Poppies of each a Dram Oil of Henbane half a Dram mix The Oil of the Seeds of Henbane mix'd with Camphyr Saffron and Spirit of Wine cover'd with fermented Dough and bak'd in an Oven yield an incomparable Liquor for Pains of the Legs ART II. Of the sharp tearing Pains in the Joints THese Pains are frequently met with in Scorbutic Cases They proceed from a subtil Acid fix'd in membranous and musculary Parts And generally rage more by Night than by Day Blood-letting sometimes gives Relief Blistering Plaisters conveniently applied and Issues are oft-times not improper The volatil Sudorifics Decoctions of Woods and all volatil Alcali Salts such as we call Antiscorbutic together with Anodyn Absorbents as Chalybeat and Antimonial Preparations are proper to be given inwardly Take of the Roots of Swallow-wort an Ounce and a half Myrtle Leaves one handful Seeds of St. Johns Wort and choice Rhubarb of each a Dram and a half Boil them in common Water and in six Ounces of the strain'd Liquor dissolve an Ounce and a half of the Syrup of Maidenhair Mix and give it inwardly Or Take of the Shavings of Juniper-wood three Ounces Sprouts of a young Pinetree two handfuls of the Herb Rosemary one handful Infuse them in six Pints of simple Water and let them stand over night in a Balneum Mariae In the Morning boil it to four Pints and give it for a Draught It has a peculiar Virtue in the Obstructions of the Glandules about the Head and Chops External Medicines must be cautiously us'd fat unctuous things are hurtful Take of the Spirit of Lilly of the Valley not much rectify'd four Ounces Spirit of Sal Armoniac prepar'd with Quicklime two Ounces Essence of Castor half an Ounce Mix for external Use Or Take of Aqua Articularis for external Use an Ounce and a half Spirit of Sal Armoniac six Drams Spirit of putrify'd Earthworms three Drams Mix and apply with a warm Cloth Or Take of the Leaves of Tobacco Leaves of Origanum Flowers of Elder of each one handful Roots of Angelica an Ounce Roots of Cuckow-Pint and of Pellitory of Spain of each two Drams Flowers of Arabian Stechas of Lavender and of Lilly Convally of each two little handfuls Rocket-Seeds six Drams Castor three Drams Infuse them in two Parts of Spirit of Wine and one part of Spirit of Earth-worms Let 'em digest for some days Strain the Liquor for use Venice Soap dissolv'd in Spirit of Wine and volatil Spirit of Tartar Cataplasms of Comfrey Roots and the use of hot Bathes are much commended ART III. Of the Toothach THE Toothach proceeds from an acid Humor that corrodes the Membrane surrounding the Tooth Sometimes the nutritious Juice of the Teeth is vitiated and causes the Pain Sometimes an acid Humor is distill'd from the neighbouring Glandules or collected in the Cavities of the Bones of the upper Jaw under the Eye and gives rise to it This Corruption of the Humor sometimes runs to that height that the Substance of the Teeth is eaten away and little Worms ingendred in ' em The Membrane is the original Seat of the Pain which oft-times seizes the whole side of the Head attended by an Inflammation of the Jaw or a Swelling of the Face For the nervous Fibres being contracted in Sympathy with the Membrane the Passages of the Blood and other Juices are straitened The remote Causes are a Depravation of the Juices of the Body and consequently of the nutritious Juice of the Teeth as in Scorbutic and Venereal Cases the use of acid Liquors Sugar or Honey which ferment and acquire a notable Acid very prejudicial to the Substance of the Teeth The Toothach is not dangerous of it self but may be follow'd by Convulsions Inflammations Tumors and Ulcers If the Tooth be corrupted it must be drawn If it proceed from a Scorbutic Cause Antiscorbutics must be added to the Remedies exhibited If from a venereal Cause the Decoction of Guajacum or its Oil must be us'd As for the common Remedies some use Decoctions of Herbs As Take of the
wither and consume tho the root of the Evil be not seated in it 't is not improper to anoint it with the following Mixture in order to provoke and waken the Spirits Take of Spirit of Earth-worms three Ounces distill'd Oils of Spike and of Juniper of each a Dram and a half distill'd Oils of Lavender and Marjoram of each half a Dram distill'd Oil of Amber two Scruples plumous Allum which ought always to be added in this case a Scruple If this prove too sharp as it frequently do's to scorbutic Constitutions take of human or Goose fat three or four Ounces distill'd Oil of Turpentin three Drams Oil of Juniper-berries two Drams Oil of Spike half a Dram. Mix and use as above Let the following Plaister be likewise applied to the Back-bone viz. Take of Gum Galbanum two parts Gum Caran one part soften 'em with stone Oil into the Consistence of a Plaister Bathing in a Decoction of Ants is of singular Virtue both in this and many other cases of which more elsewhere ART III. Of a Palsy A Palsy ought to be carefully distinguish'd from a stupidity of any part and particular Apoplexies tho it be near ally'd to both The former retains the power of moving tho depriv'd of the Sense of Feeling the latter relates to the Disorders of the Nerves whereas a Palsy is principally a relaxation of the Tendons Fibres and Ligaments by which the part is moved the Nerves being only secondarily affected So a true formal Palsy affects chiefly the moving Faculty and if the Nerves are not much touch'd the sense of Feeling remains Now by this it appears that in many Cases a Palsy is accus'd where particular Apoplexies are the true Criminals Their difference is thus made out 1. The particular Apoplexies are retainers to the Disorders of the Brain and spinal Marrow whereas Palsies follow another set of Diseases as the Scurvy Hypochondriac and Colic Fits and excessive Drinking 2. In the former the original and uppermost part of the Nerves is chiefly affected and upon that account external Remedies are applied to the Neck and Back-bone without regard to the Apoplectic Part. But in the latter that part of the Nerve which accompanies the Muscles of the place is principally injur'd and accordingly external Applications are confin'd to that quarter 3. The former deprives both of sense and motion the latter oftimes retains the sense and is molested with pains 4. The former are constant and obstinat the latter relents now and then and 't is not quite so hard a matter to compass its Cure Some Palsies are call'd Privative when the Passages for the Spirits are straiten'd and embarass'd by Obstructions or Compressions of the Nerves the sudden retreat of the small Pox Wounds Falls and such like external Causes But these are more properly particular Apoplexies A true positive Palsy may be occasion'd by a cold moist Air bathing in cold Water c. Thus old Men and Children are as it were half paralytic the former by reason of a watry Serum that succeeds in the room of their exhausted nutritious Juice and unbends the Fibres the latter by virtue of overflowing Moisture The usual internal Cause of a Palsy is an acid Humour convey'd along with the Lymph or Serum to the affected part where it vitiats the Fibres and renders 'em unfit for their wonted Motions Palsies of this kind are frequently occasion'd by immoderat drinking of some Wines that partake of a notable volatil Acid which not being concocted in the Stomac is thrown upon the external parts and creates in them sometimes a tickling sort of Pain resembling the motion of Pismires sometimes a stupid and sometimes a tearing Pain Thus the Fibres are corrupted but the Nerves are at first secure and accordingly the moving Faculty is extinguish'd while that of Feeling remains intire tho in progress of time it may dwindle away A scorbutic Acid join'd to a serous Vehicle frequently causes Palsies It proceeds insensibly at first causes a wandring Stupidity and Titillation of the Fingers or Toes One day they are quite well another day mightily swell'd and retain the Sense of Feeling tho render'd in some measure stupid and the Person when lying can move 'em but if he attempt to stand can perform no progressive Motion without a great deal of pain 'T is a volatil austere Acid that gives rise to these Symptoms and if Austerity prevail Convulsions and Contractions invade the part The French Pox Worms in the Guts and Suffocations of the Matrix may procure Palsies But the Bilious Colic that proceeds from thin sharp Humours more frequently introduces ' em If these Colic Pains be exasperated by violent Purgation or otherwise as it frequently happens the Navel being drawn inwards and the Belly very much bound and grip'd there follows a Stupidity and afterwards a Paralytic Disposition of some Members of the Body In this case the Cause seems to be a Scorbutic Acid lodg'd in the nervous Knot of the Mesentery which contracts the Nerves and so prevents the regular distribution of the Spirits to these Parts So that partly by the mutual consent of Membrans and partly by the Translation of the morbific Matter to the external Parts such Palsies take their rise The suppression of wonted Evacuations of Blood and the Passions of the Mind especially Grief and Want are likewise apt to cause ' em Besides these internal Causes there are several external Occasions of Palsies as touching the Cramp-fish or some Indian Shell-fishes reported to be indow'd with a numming Virtue approaching to mercurial and mineral Fumes and an indiscreet tampering with Narcotics If the Nerves be chiefly affected as in a total Privation of feeling or when the Disease proceeds from a Wound Fall or other external Accidents or succeeds an Apoplexy the Original of the Nerves must be chiefly regarded according to the Method propos'd for particular Apoplexies If the Sense of Feeling be intire or not much impair'd the Ligaments and Tendons of the part affected ought to be most taken care of If a Palsy invade the Face 't is distinguish'd from a Dog-Cramp by this that in the former the paralytic part is soft and flaccid and easily reduc'd to its natural posture but in the latter the contracted Part is hard and cannot be brought to join the others without pain As for the privative Palsies that approach to the nature of Apoplexies or in which the Sense of Feeling is quite lost or the Evil inveterat and fix'd to a Part their Cure will be very difficult but if once cur'd they are not so apt to relapse as the proper positive Palsies proceeding from internal Causes If the heat of the part be quite extinguish'd and Contractions seize it If the Eye of the paralytic Side be lessen'd If the Person be old and of a Cacochymical or Cachectic Constitution they are all cross Circumstances If a Trembling invade the Part If a Looseness succeed to a light Palsy or an acute Feaver to the Apoplectic
Urine in which case Take of Pellitory of the Wall two handfuls of Parsley the whole Herb one handful Boil them in Water Bruise them into a Pulp and with two Ounces of Oil of Scorpions make a Cataplasm to be applied to the Pubes Or Let the Pubes and Perinaeum be fomented and then anointed with the following Liniment viz. Take of Cony Fat or Ointment of Marshmallows an Ounce Oil of Scorpions half an Ounce Mix c. Of Melancolic Deliriums THE Doatings of Melancoly are free from a Feaver They ought to be heedfully distinguish'd from the Melancoly it self which is a principal Disease arising from internal Causes attended by a sorrowful fullen peevish pensive Humour an unaccountable Straitness and Anxiety of the Breast a proneness to Anger and a facility of being frighted Whereas those are for the most part occasion'd by external Causes The Epithet of Melancoly is join'd to them not as if Melancoly and Grief were inseparable Companions for some are merry and sportive but because they proceed from a vicious fix'd acid Humour which the Antients call'd Melancoly All Persons seiz'd with this sort of Doating have peculiar Symptoms and Humours according to the variety of their Objects and the manner in which they are carried out in pursuit of ' em But in general they all jump in the following Particulars 1. The Mind and Thought are always confin'd to one Object or one Set of Objects 2. Fear and Anxiety still haunt them tho they imagin themselves rich Monarchs c. and seem to be tickl'd with the Fancy yet still the Joy is but short-liv'd and Fear Vexation and Trouble fill its room 3. They all sleep little or none at all or if they happen to sleep are still haunted with fearful Dreams and scaring Phantasms 4. All of 'em have their lucid Intervals 5. The Disease is more apt to disappear or remit upon some sudden alteration of Diet or any other such occasional Cause than by all the force and application of Art 6. The Source of the Disease is always seated in the lower Belly Upon which account Vomiting is the most sovereign Remedy 7. The Cure never succeeds without abating the immoderat Watchings 8. Foolish Deliriums are ofttimes cur'd by foolish Remedies which serve only to rectify the Fancy as a Man imagining Serpents to be in his Belly was cur'd by conveying Serpents into his Excrements and giving him occasion to think that they were voided by himself We may read a great many such Instances in Thonerus Platerus Forestus c. The Seat is referable only to the Imagination or Fancy which receives the Ideas of Objects convey'd thro the external Senses and stamp'd upon the Spirits Now if these Animal Spirits degenerat from their lucid temperat Quality and perform uncouth awkward Motions the rational Soul must needs consequently entertain it self with sutable Ideas Tho this kind of Delirium be different from Melancoly it self yet it do's not invade any but such as have a Melancoly disposition of the Blood and Spirits which by the way is the true reason why it do's not always follow where its ordinary Causes take place Suppose we then that a melancoly Person meets with an Object which is extreamly agreeable or disagreeable to him and is forcibly stamp'd upon the mind by the introduction of some violent Passion Love Grief Fear c. as if a Hypocondriac Person be molested with a murmuring noise in the Guts resembling the croking of Frogs This fills him with fear and amazement It determines the Spirits to new Passages which they are unwilling to forsake The Idea of the frightful Noise still haunts his thoughts till at length by the repeated and continu'd Rack and inuring the Spirits to that unwonted particular Motion of Thought the Rational Soul is brought into a habit of entertaining and dwelling upon that Subject and so the Person is insensibly wrought into the fix'd Opinion that Frogs are lodg'd in his Belly Now that the Spirits being forcibly driven into new Channels are apt to persist in the same course and are unwilling to return to their wonted Devoirs is evidently made out by the Influence of Passion or any weighty Concern upon Watchings or the Dreams of sleeping Persons which is only owing to the proneness of the Spirits to retain the same new Passages as the preceding Business and the Commotion it occasion'd had so effectually cut out for ' em The verity of this advance may be likewise evinc'd by the many Instances of Persons liable to this Distemper The Doating that follows Melancoly being thus accounted for our next business is to offer the Causes of Melancoly it self They are either external or internal The former are such Objects as are apt to occasion violent Passions which immediatly disorder the Spirits and consequently the Blood and first Digestion The latter are such Circumstances of Diet and way of living as alter the Juices of the Body which impart the respective quality to the Blood and Spirits This Constitution of the Blood and Spirits is ofttimes natural and hereditary arising from the nature of the Seed for so much as most of our Humours and Propensity to particular Passions is owing to the natural Idio-sincrasy of the Blood and Spirits All melancoly Dispositions that have a tendency to Doating owe their immediat Original to some vicious Fermentation or Digestion in the first Passages The remote Causes may be sometimes external sometimes internal but they never reach the length of Doating till they have stamp'd a vicious Character on the Belly and its Entrails Some imagine a Chymeric Melancoly proceeding essentially from the Head but if they view the matter throughly they 'l find cause to acknowledg their Error 'T is usual to ascribe Melancoly to the Spleen And doubtless in melancolic Constitutions the Spleen may be damag'd by the Stagnation of the Blood in the Arteries and may serve to exasperat the Disease it being a part enrich'd with good store of Nerves and communicating with the wandring and intercostal Pair cannot well miss of being prejudic'd by the membranous Convulsions that Hypocondriac Persons are subject to But originally the Spleen is faultless and the principal Cause must needs be a vicious Acid bred in the first Passages that thickens the Blood and destroys its due Fermentation This is evinc'd both by the Symptoms and Method of Cure The former are a voracious Appetite a constipated Belly and Acid Belchings the visible Effects of an Acid sculking in the Stomac or first Passages As for the Cure it turns upon absorbent Anti-acid Medicines The Blood thus perverted by the prevailing Acid stands accountable for the difficult Respiration beating of the Heart and the like Symptoms It is not so productive of volatil lucid Spirits as otherwise upon which account they become stiff and more fix'd and consequently apt either to move irregularly in the Brain or still to retain the same course of Motion In the former case the Doatings are wandring and
undetermin'd In the latter the whole force and vigour of Thought is confin'd to one Object so that ofttimes the melancoly Persons are enabled to discourse and reason about it with much more accuracy than in their healthy state when other Objects claim a larger share in their Thoughts and cramp their Application to that one Oft-times the sick Person reasons calmly on any other Object beside that of his Melancoly by reason that the Spirits are not so keen and eager in pursuing the former The change of Air and Seasons or of any not natural thing sensibly alters the Crasis of the Blood and Spirits and consequently the nature of this Delirium either by quite extinguishing or heightning or depressing it or by removing it from one Object to another As Wine by altering the state of the Blood and Spirits first makes some Men cheerful then inspires 'em with a talkative Humour afterwards disposes 'em to Strife Anger Madness c. and last of all covers 'em with drousiness and sleep Melancoly being grounded on the Constitution of the Blood and Spirits becomes an inveterat Companion and ofttimes propagates it self by an hereditary Succession especially among Women who convey the Legacy to their Daughters that surely visits 'em when with Child or upon point of delivery if not at other times It is ofttimes cur'd by the Stratagem of cheating the Patient into a contrary Humour or Passion which if forcible and strong recals the Spirits from the Passages in which they deviate 'T is highly necessary to obviat Melancoly betimes before its Settlement Now a melancolic Disposition is usher'd in by these Signs The Person is troubled in sleep and haunted by aukward Dreams he becomes fullen and sorrowful and courts solitude he is pensive and apt to dwell long upon one thought and is timorous to a high degree If he begin to tell ridiculous Stories and withal is full of his own Wisdom the Delirium is at hand Let the Causes be diligently inquir'd after If it proceed from the Passions of the Mind the Pulse is low inconstant contracted ofttimes unequal and sometimes resembles the Motion of Emmets or Worms and when the Mind is unbended by chearfulness c. the Pulse is proportionably alter'd If Melancoly steal on by degrees without the influence of external Objects and be follow'd by wandring unfix'd Deliriums it proceeds from the Hypochondriac Distemper and is attended by the Palpitation of the Heart Anxiety of the Breast acid Belchings a murmuring noise in the Guts constipation of the Belly Wind an uneasy obscure Pain in the left side of the Abdomen with a Pulsation in the same place or in the Back a notable heat in the Forehead and wandring Inflammations over the Body If it proceed immediatly from the Depravation of the Blood it remits now and then the Patient is querulods and anxious oppress'd with Grief and Sorrow and a frequent Palpitation of the Heart If Melancoly be caus'd by Passions of the Mind or external Objects 't is much more easily cur'd than when it ows its Original to the internal Indisposition of the Blood and Spirits If it be follow'd by Doting recur frequently or claim a hereditary Privilege it accompanies the Person to the Grave If it be occasion'd by preceding Diseases as Feavers Phrensies c. a regular Diet carries it off It is more uncommon among Women than among Men yet the Cure of the former is more difficult especially if they be with Child or pass'd the season of their Terms If the Countenance be chearful If the Delirâ—ums begin to relent If the Urine exchange its thin Consistence for that which appears thick muddy and black If a Flux of the Emrods or Womb insue If a Sâ—ab and such like Eruptions beset the Skin we hope a Recovery If the Person be subject to uncouth Laughter or Crying immoderat Grief attended by a sort of Fury it tends to a Palsy or Apoplexy or Convulsions If he obstinatly decline eating or drinking or totally deprive himself of Sleep he posts to his Grave We are now arriv'd at the Method of Cure which consists in rectifying the Blood and Spirits by proper Correctives and reducing the Animal to orderly Motions The following Remarks are worthy our observation upon this matter 1. The remote Cause must be taken off either by moral Perswasions or deceiving the Person with some cunning Stratagem so as to bring him off the melancolic Fancy If the Cause be internal as suppression of the Terms the hypocondriac Disease c. it must be particularly taken care of In geneneral the hypocondriac Specifics and comforting Cephalic Medicines are always proper 2. Vomiting is an essential part of the Cure and ought to be frequently repeated 3. Let the Physician be very cautious in visiting the Patients alone for they hate the Person that pretends to cure 'em and retain the Odium even after they are cur'd 4. When the melancolic Fancy is deeply lodg'd within 'em they ought to be undeceiv'd by the means of some Stratagem or Trick 5. By all means the Belly must be kept open If it do not answer every day of it self let Clysters or lenitive Draughts provoke it 6. During the Solstices and Equinoxes the Person ought to ply proper Preservatives for fear of the Relapses which are wont to happen at those times 7. Blood-letting is improper excepting the Case of Suppressions Inflammations and Plethora's or where Madness is fear'd Willis fancies that when the old unactive Blood is drawn forth it gives occasion to the Generation of new spirituous Blood but he should have remembred that 't is Blood that begets Blood and that by Blood letting Stupidity and dull Folly is promoted Trepanations Issues and blistering Plaisters are sometimes us'd with Success 8. In the beginning of the Disease Purgatives may succeed to Vomits but in the progress of the Distemper they are very improper Dieuretics are incomparable Medicines for this Disease Melancolic People naturally void large quantities of Urine and its deep Tincture muddiness or blackness betokens the declension of the Distemper 10. The Hypochondria must be particularly taken care of in all sorts of Melancolies 11. By all means let Sleep be promoted by moist temperat Food c. 12. Opiats ought not to be exhibited alone nor before the Acid in the Stomac be remov'd by the universal Evacuations They ought to be mix'd with Specific and moistening Ingredients Externally Anodyn Fomentations for the Head Washes for the Feet c. are very proper 13. Their Diet must be very regular Their Food nourishing moist and temperat as Milk Raisins Apples c. A Glass of generous Wine is very proper now and then a moderat Exercise and the regular Evacuation of Excrements ought to be heedfully procur'd Now of the Medicines answering the foresaid intentions Antimony is the chief both in its vomiting and purgative Capacity but especially the former This and all other Emetics must be given in very large Doses tho it is proper to
Intestinum Duodenum and Bowels under the short Ribs is the cause of the grossness thickness and vitious Acidity of the Blood which is the immediat material Cause of Madness The formal Cause is the Spirits which degenerating from their seminal and friendly Complexion become of a sharp saline and as it were sulphureous acid Quality and consequently being too too movable and less capable to be check'd in their ordinary Motions and withal penetrating every where by virtue of their pointed parts they become the Cause of Restlesness Watchings Fury extraordinary Strength c. This Disease is more incident to the Young than Old to Men than to Women but especially to melancolic Constitutions If it proceed from internal Causes it is an Evil of long continuance and of difficult Cure which tho it remit for some Months or Years yet it often leaves Melancoly behind which being easily exasperated returns with fresh Rage and accompanies the Patient till Strength failing through Watchings Fastings and almost perpetual Movings it kindly shuts up their miserable Life In curing this Disease we must endeavour 1. To mitigat the Fury that the Patient may be the easier manag'd and Medicines exhibited 2. To remove the Distemper of the Blood and Spirits The first is excellently perform'd by strong Vomits and frequent Bleeding Preparations from Steel and Lead joined with Anodine Medicines correct the Blood and other Humors as Remedies from Camphyr and Musk do recreat and restore the Spirits The Foundation therefore of the Cure must be laid by administring strong and generous Vomits not only in the beginning but progress of the Disease For this purpose the Antients us'd white Hellebor-roots with excellent success But it ought not to be given in substance Take of white Hellebor-roots from half a Dram to a Dram boil them in Wine till it become soft infuse the Root thus prepar'd in fresh Wine all night in a hot place strain the Liquor or squeeze more or less according to the measure of its desired strength Dose a Dram. Some instead of this use Infusions of Antimonial Emetics but they prove too weak Morcurius Vitae is good Aurum Vitae Kegleri is much commended also the Leaves of Asarabacca but all these must be given in a greater Dose than ordinary As Take of the Conserve of the Leaves of Asarabacca a Dram Pouder of its Roots two Scruples Mercurius Vitae one Grain make a Bolus The Infusion of human Nails is also a strong Emetic surpassing those of Antimony If in the beginning of this Disease Purging is required you may use what I have above prescrib'd for Melancoly chiefly black Hellebor and its Extract the Extractum Melanogogum Quercetani c. to which Antimony Purgative or Mercurius Vitae Laxative ought still to be added As Take of the Essence of black Hellebor a Dram and a half of that of Pimpernel half a Dram Emetic Syrup of Angelus Sala half an Ounce After strong Purgation copious and frequent Bleeding is proper first in the Ancle then in the Arm and Forehead some have been cur'd by opening an Artery Cauterizing and trepaning of the Skull have been successfully used as hath also Salivation by Mercury But while these things are a doing such Alteratives are to be given as may restrain the boiling and wild Motion of the Blood and Spirits and together with these Opiats and sulphureous Minerals and fix'd Anodines and that in a strong Dose Such altering Remedies as we prescrib'd for Melancoly may be us'd here Particularly those from Tartar Steel Lead c. But withal Nitre and its Preparations are not to be neglected As Take purify'd Nitre half a Dram Camphyr eight Grains Mix 'em and make a Pouder Or Take purified Nitre two Scruples Laudanum Opiatum two Grains Make a Pouder We may also use appropriated Specifics such as the Arterious Blood of an Ass Pimpernel with the red Flowers St. John's-wort Fumitory Water-Lilly Borrage Baum Spleen-wort the Herb True-love Polypody of the Oak to all which Camphyr may be added As Take a clean Linen Rag of a hands length and breadth dip'd in Asses Blood infuse it in a sufficient quantity of Water of St. John's-wort to two Ounces of the strain'd Infusion add Essence of Pimpernel half a Dram Laudanum Opiatum about a Grain Or Take the Leaves of True-love together with the Berries two handfuls Leaves of red flower'd Pimpernel Flowers of St. John's-wort of each an handful Roots of Polypody of the Oak an Ounce small Raisins bruis'd two Ounces boil these in a sufficient quantity of Whey to three pounds of the strain'd Decoction add Essence of Pimpernel an Ounce and a half Mix them Or Take leaves of Baum cut small an handful infuse 'em in four Ounces of Spirit of Wine add half a Dram of prepar'd Pearls Dose two Spoonfuls to be repeated every day The Epitheme prescrib'd for Melancoly may also be us'd here Or Take of Musk twelve Grains Camphyr a Scruple Red-rose-water impregnated with the Tincture of red Saunders fifteen Ounces In this Mixture dip several Folds of Linen Cloth to be apply'd to the shav'd Head and Temples wetting the Cloth as it dries for twenty four hours space or anoint with the following Liniment Take of the Sleep-causing Ointment two Drams distill'd Oil of Camphyr a Scruple Musk half a Scruple Saffron eight Grains Mix ' em Or Take Rose-water or Juice of River-Crabs ten Ounces Opium half a Dram Saffron half a Scruple make an Epitheme for the Forehead and Temples ART IV. Of Deliriums from an external Cause THIS Cause for the most part is the biting of some other Creature enrag'd with Anger or taken with Madness As in the case of a Canina Rabies which is so called because 't is oftenest occasioned by the biting of a mad Dog tho the Infection may be deriv'd from any other Creature For if any Creature chaf'd with Anger bites another 't will cause either Madness or a very malignant and dangerous Wound These things relating to this Disease are most worthy our Observation viz. 1. The manner of Infection which may be by the slightest bite or hurt of the mad Creature or even the least touch of its Spittle 2. A Hydrophobia or the fear of Water and other liquid things accompanies this Distemper 3. The malign Contagion lies hid and as it were asleep in the Body sometimes two three or as some say thirteen or twenty years 4. In the Spittle and Urine of rabid Animals are often seen other small Creatures resembling the Form of the first Authors of their Madness And lastly the infected Creature exactly imitates the Actions and Meen of that which gave the Contagion The Cause of this Disease consists in a certain peculiar Ferment which affecting first the Spirits and then the Blood do's in some sort assimilat 'em to those of the furious Creature This Ferment is carried along with the Saliva into the Wound It is of importance to know whether the Creature by which a Man has been bitten be
Male Sex HAving dispatch'd the Diseases incident to both Sexes I shall now enter into the Consideration of those peculiar to Males SECT I. Of the Diseases which disorder the Genital Liquor in Mens Bodies SOME part of the Chyle accompanying the Blood in the Arteries is convey'd by the Spermatic Vessels to the Stones where 't is in good measure prepar'd by virtue of a particular Ferment for that purpose and afterwards finish'd in the Epididimes which forward it to the seminal Vesicles to be there reserv'd under the Character of the Genital Liquor till the Act of Venery dislodg it 'T is improperly call'd Seed till such time as the Association of the Woman 's Genital Liquor have entitled it to that Character It is enrich'd with a large stock of Spirits especially by the eagerness of the Venereal Encounter and is thereby enabled to reach and impregnat the Womens seminal Eggs. It is likewise cover'd with a soft serous Vehicle prepar'd in the Prostatae that joins it in its Passage and accompanies it thro the Vrethra The manner of its engaging with the seminal Eggs in Women and their Counterpart in the Act of Generation is accounted for elsewhere When the Generation of this Male Genital Liquor is disturb'd it appears in its Deficiency Redundancy or Depravation The two last are referr'd to the Paragraph of Gonorrhaea's the first is the Subject of the following Chapter CHAP. I. Of the Defect or Insufficiency of the Genital Liquor in Men. THE Causes relate either to the Matter it self or the Stones in which 't is prepar'd As touching the former naturally 't is the Chyle or mucilaginous fat milky part of the Blood as appears by its Consistence Color c. Now whatever impairs this must consequently cause a Deficiency of Seed Such are Hunger the Disorders of the digestive Faculty excessive Evacuations Watchings c. Violent Passions of the Mind immoderat Exercise and such like rarify and sharpen the Blood beyond its due pitch and so exhaust the Chyle or seminal Matter Fat and corpulent Persons are liable to the like Inconvenience The milky part of their Blood which should be dispos'd of for seminal Use is diverted and anticipated by its Conversion into Fat. The Causes relating to the Stones proceed either from the defect of the Ferment or the Indisposition of the Stones themselves As for the former questionless 't is a spirituous oily volatil Substance as appears by the notable Changes occasion'd by it in the Mass of the Blood at the time of its Commencement Now whatever fixes the Animal Spirits and strips them of their volatil Capacity must needs weaken the Ferment Such are Spirit of Vitriol Crude Nitre external Cold or exposing the Stones to be wet Application of mercurial things to the Region of the Pubes excessive or unseasonable Venery or an indiscreet abstinence from it Drunkenness Crudities in the Stomac or any Disorder of the first Digestion Dropsies Cachexies c. If the Deficiency of the Ferment be occasion'd by any Cause respecting the Stones themselves it must proceed either from Tumours in 'em or from being gelded 'T is much doubted if there be any natural Eunuchs for many whose Stones are not visible may have 'em hid within the Abdomen and give sufficient proof of their Manhood The Signs are easily distinguish'd If the Ferment be faulty the Person is dull and unactive the venereal Appetit flat and the Seed when cast forth is thin watry and void of heat The Prognostics are more fatal to the Species than to individual Persons If the Person be old or have over-acted in his Youth the Cure is very difficult Sometimes this Deficiency produces not only Effeminacy and Unmanliness but an universal Faintness and Consumption for want of the due Influence of the Ferment upon the Mass of Blood In regulating the Cure a peculiar regard must be had to the Stomac and digestive Faculty for the flatness of this will cause a Deficiency of Seed If the Disease proceed from a Defect in the Stones themselves the following Paragraphs account for its Cure As for the Faults of the Ferment or those respecting the matter of the Genital Liquor the former must be amended by aromatic sharp Incentives such as Ginger Amber Cubebs Cloves Cinnamom Castor Savin-berries Borrace Satyrium Eryngo Mustard-seeds Fennel-seeds Rocket-seeds Pepper Cantharides Spirit of Ants c. The latter by temperat Fat and chylelike Ingredients as Milk the milky Seeds Emulsions Yelks of Eggs with Spanish Wine Oysters Chocolate Dates c. But neither of 'em ought to be us'd separatly but in conjunction with one another As Take of Milk three Ounces Sugar three or four Drams Pepper half a Dram mix for a Draught Take of the Oil of Fistic-nuts one Spoonful the Yelk of one Egg Ambergrise as much as will lie upon the point of a Knife with the triple quantity of Sugar Mix 'em before the Fire and exhibit for one Draught Take of the Water of Magnanimity three Ounces Cinnamom Water prepar'd with Wine Essence of Satyrium of each three Drams Tincture of Coral two Drams Essence of Amber a Dram. Make a Potion Dose a Spoonful now and then Electuaries are very usual in this Case As Take of Indian Chocolat an Ounce and a half Electuary of Satyrium half an Ounce Eryngo-roots candy'd Satyrium-roots candy'd of each six Drams Nutmegs candy'd two Drams candy'd Ginger two or three Drams Shavings of the Pizzle of a Stag kill'd in the act of Venery half an Ounce Cubebs Cardamoms of each a Dram Pouders of Diambra and Diamoschus dulcis of each four Scruples Rocket-seeds Fistic-seeds Nettle-seeds Ash-seeds of each a Dram Ambergrise and Mosch of each ten Grains With Syrup of Canel make an Electuary and when you are about to use it sprinkle it with Spirit of Ants. Dose the bigness of a Walnut Take of the Electuary Diasatyrium a Dram Mynsichtus's provoking Tablets a Scruple Ambergrise Mosch of each two Grains Laudanum Opiatum one Grain Mix for a Bolus Take of the Conserve of Eryngo-roots Conserve of Satyrium of each three Ounces candy'd Citron-peel candy'd Ginger of each half an Ounce Pine-nuts Sweet Almonds and Fistic-nuts of each three or four Drams Pulp of Dates and Nutmegs of each an Ounce Bull 's Pizzle five Drams Rocket-seeds Parsnep-seeds Mustard-seeds of each two Drams Cinnamom Galangal and white Pepper of each a Dram distill'd Oil of Cloves half a Dram With the Brodium of Ginger make an Electuary Some add the Pouder of Cantharides but they are improper for any purpose save that of promoting the Erection of the Yard The Stones of a Cock or the Spirit of a Cock's Blood The Blood or Brains or Pizzle of a Buck or a Bull kill'd in the act of Venery or the shaving of a Bull 's Horn taken at the same time the Tincture of Gold with Oil of Cinnamom the Troches of Vipers or Pullets fed with Vipers Borrace taken in a potch'd Egg c. are all approv'd Remedies for
case Amputation is needful ART IV. Of the Schirrous Swellings of the Stones A Hard painless Swelling free of all Inflammation or Heat is call'd a Schirrus If a pricking Pain attend a hard Swelling it degenerats to a Cancer The Cause is the indiscreet Treatment of a preceding Inflammation which gives the accompanying Acid liberty to settle and thicken the matter Platerus mentions an Instance of little Stones within the Testes causing a Schirrus As for the Cure 't is perform'd by the Application of Gums dissolv'd in Vinegar and discussive Plaisters As Take of Gum Ammoniac dissolv'd in Vinegar six Drams Plaister of Hemlock soften'd with distill'd Oil of Tartar as much as sufficeth for a due Consistence The Balsam of Sulphur or Rulandus's Plaister Diasulphuris or the Ausburg-Plaister of Ammoniac are of good use Baths of Wine and in venereal Cases the Plaister de ranis with Mercury are not improper Timaeus recommends the following Composition Take of the Mucilage of Marshmallow-roots Fenugrec-seeds and fat Figs tosted of each three Ounces Gum Ammoniac Bdellium Galbanum of each an Ounce Goose-fat Hens-fat Goat's Tallow and Turpentin of each six Drams Oil of Lillies and Wax as much as sufficeth for a Plaister If it be attended by pain we ought to proceed very cautiously for fear of a Cancer upon which account Gummy Ingredients are only to be insisted upon If it tend to suppuration it must be open'd or the Stone cut quite off ART V. Of a Sarcocele or fleshy Swelling of the Stones EXternal Blows Falls and such like Accidents do not only cause Inflammations but sometimes tear the Vessels and Membrans of the Stones and so oblige the Blood and nourishing Juice to stagnat and settle into a fleshy Substance sticking to one or both the Stones or to the Membran of the Cod call'd Dartos The Signs are these the Swelling is indolent hard constant and increases by degrees There is a near resemblance between it and the swelling of the Epididimes occasion'd by a Redundancy of Seed or the Stagnation of the Blood caus'd by the Schirrus of the Stones but the preceding Signs if carefully trac'd will discover the difference If it be attended by a shooting it discovers a malignant nature and tendency to a Cancer and ought not to be meddled with As touching its Cure inward Remedies are seldom effectual Let the universal Evacuations be first premis'd then exhibit the Antiscrophulous Specifics as the Pouder or Decoction or Essence of Restharrow-roots and dulcify'd Spirit of Salt Pouder of Comfrey-roots seal'd Earth Rupture-wort and Spunge-stone c. Outwardly foment with a Mixture of Vinegar Nitre and the Ashes of Vine-twigs or apply a Cataplasm of Sulphur Cockle-shells and Vinegar or the following Plaister which is mightily extoll'd Take of Gum Ammoniac an Ounce and a half Bdellium Mustard-seeds Nettle-seeds of each six Drams Spunge-stone one Ounce Pouder of Birthwort-roots Sulphur of each half an Ounce Turpentin an Ounce Spirit of Wine an Ounce and a half Oil of Olives four Ounces Wax six Ounces Make a Plaister Take of the Gums Animi Sagapenum Opoponax and Galbanum of each an Ounce Dissolve 'em in Vinegar of Roses Then thicken it and with a sufficient quantity of Oil of Bricks make a Plaister which is equally fitted for Suppuration or Discussion If it tend to Suppuration after opening apply the Plaister of Gums and black Rosin and afterwards when 't is proper to consolidat a styptic Plaister Vigo's Plaister with Mercury is of incomparable use but the Mercury may deprive the Stones of their prolific Virtue The natural Baths are of very good use If these Medicines prove ineffectual the Excrescence must be cut out either alone or together with the Stone as its Circumstances will admit ART VI. Of a Distention of the Spermatic Veins or Hernia Varicosa WHatever disturbs the Reflux of the Blood by the Spermatic Veins causes an uneven inconstant sort of rising towards the Stone resembling a Cluster of Grapes The Stone drops and hangs loose and the Swelling is painless unless the Guts be molested with Wine or the Feet expos'd to cold Bathing is very proper Let the Plaister of Mucilage mix'd with the Plaister of Ammoniac and Oil of Bricks or the Ointment Basilicum mix'd with the Fat of Animals be applied to the part If it be inveterat it must be committed to the care of a Surgeon CHAP. II. Of the irregular Ejaculation of the Seed THE Ejection of the Genital Liquor is irregular 1. When 't is cast forth without any venereal Provocation 2. When in the act of Venery its Egress is too precipitant and hasty 3. When 't is too slow 4. When 't is not ejected at all ART I. Of a Running or involuntary Emission of the Genital Liquor A Running is either spurious or genuin To begin with the last a simple running is said to be such when the true genuin seminal matter is cast forth without the erection of the Yard or venereal Pleasure The Part affected is the seminal Vesicles 't is attended or follow'd by a weariness of the Limbs Weakness inability to move a pale Countenance hollow Eyes diminution of Sight Inappetency trembling and tendency to a Consumption In a word it robs the body of its balmy Moisture The Causes are threefold 1. The Redundancy or Turgescence of the seminal matter 2. It s sharpness which stimulats and contracts the Fibres of the seminal Vesicles and adjacent Muscles 3. It s tenuity and watriness together with the concurring flaccidity of the Vesicles and the patency of their Passages into the Urethra The remote Causes of the first are high feeding and drinking an intire freedom from Labour and Care abstaining from the wonted Measure of Venery frequent Correspondence with venereal Objects lying upon the Back c. The Remote Causes of the second are a sharp saltish Disposition of the Blood as in scorbutic and hypochondriac Constitutions an immoderat use of sharp aromatic volatil things as Pepper Mustard Rocket-seeds Water-cresses Wine Cantharides and sharp volatil Purgatives Those of the third are excessive Venery especially in ones Youth and manual Violence which not only relaxats the seminal Vesicles but destroys the Ferment in the Stones as appears by the watry inelaborat Consistence of the Seed If a genuin Running be inveterat it degenerats into a Hectic and is not easily cur'd nor is it safe to stop it suddenly lest the Suppression of the wonted Evacuation should cause an Inflammation or Tumour in the Testicles The general Indications of Cure are to lessen the vicious quantity or qualify the sharpness of the matter or to corroborat the Ferment and Texture of the parts For the first of these Purposes acid thin Food short Commons frequent Exercise and Watchings are proper Spirit of Vitriol and Crude Nitre powerfully curb the Ferment of the Testicles But the Juices of Citrons Pomegranats and Lemons are more temperat and universally applauded for stopping all manner of Runnings The Juice of Lemons with
Spirit of Turpentin and Camphyr is extoll'd by Faber Some commend the solution of Coral with Juice of Citrons Emulsions of Hempseeds are of soveraign use in desperat Runnings but they enjoy a narcotic Virtue prejudicial to the Animal Spirits Take of Hempseeds half an Ounce Seeds of the Chast-tree two Drams With the Water of Yarrow make an Emulsion Add of prepar'd Amber and Bone of the Cuttle-fish of each a Dram. Sweeten and reserve it for use Take of the Seeds of the Chast-tree Melon-seeds of each two Drams Hemp-seeds white Poppy-seeds of each a Dram and a half With the Waters of Purslain and Water-Lillies make an Emulsion To which add the Bone of the Cuttle-fish prepar'd a Dram Crollius's Compound Pouder of Sperniola two or three Scruples prepar'd white Amber and Diaphoretic Antimony of each half a Dram mix and sweeten with pearled Sugar This is of noted efficacy especially if the Perinaeum and Loins are girded with heat Some commend the following Decoction Take of the Leaves of white Archangel four handfuls Leaves of white Yarrow two handfuls Seeds of the Chast-tree four or six Drams Boil them in Mint or Rue-water or in Wine and sweeten with Syrup of Water-Lillies Some recommend a Spoonful of the Juice of Ceterach to be taken now and then as a singular Remedy for stopping a Gonorrhaea as also two Drams of the following Pouder to be taken in Chalybeat Wine Take of the Leaves of Mint and Rue Seeds of the Chast-tree and Pouder of Galls of each equal quantities Beat 'em into Pouder for the use above-mention'd Spirit of Turpentin and Sugar of Lead is a delicat Remedy The Juice of Yarrow or of Mallows with sweet Milk is also approv'd Some apply outwardly the Juice of Lettuce with Camphyr to the Testicles As touching the second Indication viz. qualifying the sharpness of the seminal matter the Tincture of Coral with Spirit of Woods or of Sassafras is very useful The Astringent Crocus or Tincture of Steel Sulphur of Vitriol Sugar of Lead and white Amber prepar'd are all very proper Or Take of the Conserve of Red Roses Conserve of Mint of each an Ounce or an Ounce and a half prepar'd Bone of the Cuttle-fish which in this Case is a noted Specific two Drams Calcin'd Borace a Dram Nutmegs half a Dram Syrup of dry'd Roses as much as sufficeth to make an Electuary Of which the Patient may take a convenient quantity twice or thrice a day Crude Borace provokes Lust but when calcin'd it leaves a Styptic Caput Mortuum of contrary use Take of the Bone of a Cuttle-fish prepar'd a Dram prepar'd red Coral two or three Scruples Sugar of Lead half a Scruple Mix for six Doses Take of prepar'd Chrystal Bone of the Cuttle-fish prepar'd Amber of each two Scruples Chalybeat Diaphoretic Antimony a Scruple Crollius's Sperniola a Scruple Sugar of Lead fifteen Grains Make a Pouder for five or six Doses The Turpentine of Cyprus reduc'd to Pills with prepar'd Amber or Crocus of Steel or Rhubarb is very effectual Of late the Balsam Capivi is mightily esteem'd Sugar of Lead and the Antiphthisical Tincture prepar'd with it is of noted efficacy Take of the Waters of Rue and Water-Lillies of each half an Ounce Juice of Lemons six Drams Bole-Armenic a Dram Cuttle-bone and Diaphoretic Antimony with Steel of each two Scruples Syrup of Citrons half an Ounce Mix and give a Spoonful now and then If the Yard be exulcerated by the sharpness of the matter take of Woman's or Cow'd Milk four Ounces prepar'd Tutty two Drams Aloe a Dram Sugar Candy half a Dram. Mix and inject half an Ounce or six Drams at a time As for the third Indication viz. corroborating the relaxated parts and correcting the watriness of the seminal Liquor Mint Wormwood Amber Mastic Astringent Tincture of Steel Tincture of Coral Pouder of Frankincense which if too frequently repeated causes a suppression of the Urine Sugar of Lead Extract of Tormentil-roots seal'd Earth and Bole Armenic us'd with Vinegar Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol c. are all proper Ingredients Take of the Extract of Tormentil-roots two Drams Crollius's Compound Pouder of Sperniola two Scruples Plantain-seeds Seeds of Chast Lamb Roots of Comfrey of each a Scruple Venice Turpentine boil'd Camphyr of each twelve Grains Make Pills I have cur'd a desperat Running with giving thirty or forty Drops of the Tincture of Sulphur of Vitriol in a warm Vehicle every Morning and half a Dram of the Troches de Carabe every Evening without any other Injunctions except that of lying on the sides and a spare Diet. If in the Declination of this Flux a thin watry Humor continue to run as it frequently happens take of Gum Arabic Tragacanth prepar'd white Amber prepar'd Mummy Bole Armenic of each a Scruple Laudanum Opiatum half a Scruple With a sufficient Quantity of the Tincture of Catechu make Pills for five Doses The natural Baths that partake of Allum are proper in an inveterat Case Outwardly the parts may be fomented with the Decoction of the Rindes and Flowers of Pomegranats Roses Comfrey-roots Plantain c. or let the Perinaeum be anointed with the following Mixture Take Oil of Myrtles three Drams distill'd Oil of Mastic a Dram distill'd Oil of Cloves express'd Oil of Nutmegs of each half a Dram. With Wax make a Liniment If the ferment of the Testicles be desicient Milk Rice Eggs and aromatic Ingredients are proper Ofttimes 't is needful to purge both in the beginning and progress of the Disease as thus Take of boil'd Cyprus Turpentin a Scruple Scammony prepar'd with Juice of Roses Rosin of Jalap of each five Grains Make Pills for one Dose I am now arriv'd at the spurious Flux of Seed which is call'd such when the matter voided is of a different nature from the Genital Juice being discolour'd sharp stinking attended sometimes by Pain and other Symptoms but not occasion'd by venereal Actions or partaking of any venereal Virulency It corresponds to the Whites in Women and is call'd by some Gonorrhoea Catarrhalis but there are few Authors that have taken any notice of it The part affected is the Prostratae whose Office 't is to separat a Lymph for a Vehicle to the Seed Now if they are relaxated or exulcerated they separat and void larger quantities as in the like case the Glandules of the Eyes or those in the Throat are wont to do The material Cause is the serous cachectic Disposition of the Blood The remote Causes are the Disorders of the Stomac and digestive Faculty or whatever equips the Blood with crude and watry Particles The formal efficient Cause is the Relaxation of the Prostratae occasion'd by excessive Venery manual Violence Riding a Fall c. Tho this Flux may serve to cleanse the Blood yet if it continue long it degenerates into a Consumption The Cure turns upon corroborating the Stomac correcting the Crudity of the Blood and cleansing and fortifying these Glandules The first of
these Designs is compass'd by the use of Wormwood Mint Rosemary The second by the Decoctions of Woods with Tormentil Essence of Sassafras volatil Salt of Amber Turpentin Mastic Gum Animi Pouder of Frankincense taken in a potch'd Egg drinking Spaw-waters c. After which bathing in natural Baths or artificial ones partaking of Allum answers the third Indication But this last is not to be attempted till the former are accounted for As for the Virulent Clap 't is refer'd as a Symptom to the Pox of which elsewhere ART II. Of the overhasty Ejaculation of the Seminal Matter THIS was the second Disorder relating to the ejection of Seed The Cause is either the Patency and Looseness of the Seminal Vesicles or the spirituous Turgescence and over-bearing youthful heat of the seminal Liquor The former is remov'd by the internal and external use of Astringents such as we prescrib'd in the foregoing Article The second by the use of Opium which stays the Spirits and prevents their early flight Upon which account it is much in use among the Indians and Turks whose Women are most delighted with deliberat and prolong'd Embraces But it ought to be mix'd with Amber-grise as if Opium were added in the Preparation of the Essence of Amber-grise in order to prevent any succeeding Stupidity Henricus ab Heer mentions a quick Ejaculation of Seed caus'd by the irritation of an Ulcer in the Intestinum Rectum ART III. Of the overslow Ejaculation of the Seminal Matter OFttimes when the Blood inflames the Yard to an Erectien the Spirits are deficient in quickening the Seed or the Muscles of the Yard are languid or the Seminal Vesicles flaccid and unable to counterpoize the force of the Prostratae and neighbouring Parts which in the venereal Fit swell up hear in upon 'em and contract their Passages insomuch that they cannot eject the Seed in due time but it often slips out when the Yard is down and the Turgescence of the Parts gone Castor and sharp aromatic Cephalic Medicines are proper to be given inwardly Externally let the Root of the Yard be anointed with express'd Oil of Nutmegs or distill'd Oil of Mace or of Cloves mix'd with Civet or Mosch or the Oil or Spirit of Ants. ART IV. Of Caruncles in the Yard hindring the Ejection of Seed THE fourth and last Head relating to this Chapter is when the Seed is not ejected at all by reason of a fleshy Excrescence in the Yard stopping its passage The Cause for the most part is a virulent Clap in which the Urethra is corroded and the Nourishment naturally repairing to the corroded part settles into a fleshy wartlike Substance Sometimes instead of Seed Blood is voided sometimes Wind. In the former case Astringents in the latter Evacuating and Carminative Medicines are proper SECT II. Of the Disorders relating to the Erection of the Yard THERE are two main Qualifications requisit for performing the Office of a Husband one is the due Erection and stiffness of the Yard the other the regular Ejaculation of the Seed thro the Yard thus prepar'd This was the Subject of the preceding Section The former lies now before us In order to set it in a clear light we must distinguish the Turgescence and Distention of the Yard from a due Erection The former proceeds from the influx of arterial Blood into the two nervous Bodies but this Distention is continu'd and wrought into a State of Rigidity and Erection by the Contraction of the two pairs of Muscles seated at the Root of the Yard which compress the Vein that runs along its Back and so hinder the reflux of the Blood When their Contraction ceases the Blood that distended the Yard is discharg'd by this Vein and leaves it in a drooping condition So this Contraction of the Muscles is the Cause of Erection and is in good measure promoted by the spirituous and provoking quality of the Seed in the Seminal Vesicles What is needful to be said of the faults of Erection will fall under the Heads of its Deficiency Excess or Depravation CHAP. I. Of Impotency or the Defect of Erection of the Yard IT proceeds either from the Relaxation of the two Pairs of Muscles and inactivity of the Spirits or the flatness of the Seminal Liquor The Muscles may be relaxated by a Palsy Excessive Riding a Fall or Blow upon the Os Sacrum or Wound of the Head affecting the respective Nerves mercurial Inunctions external Cold c. The Spirits are faulty when they are universally weak and languid as in old Age and Sickness when they are disorder'd by Passions of the Mind such as Bashfulness and Fear of which we have several Instances in new married Youngsters that fancy themselves bewitch'd or diverted by dwelling upon other Objects or baulk'd by hypochondriac Despondency The Genital Juice is faulty when 't is not duly prepar'd or falls short of its spirituous stimulating quality This may be occasion'd by old Age defects in the Stones or any Disorder of the Genital Parts or by the continu'd use of Nitre or Camphyr This Disease is manifest of it self All the use of Signs is to distinguish the Causes If the Muscles are paralytic they are equally unmovable by all other Objects If the Animal Spirits are deficient an universal Feebleness seizes the whole Body If hypocondriac Fancies melancoly Thoughts or Passions of the Mind occasion it the Circumstances of the Patient will discover ' em The Cure consists in recovering the force and spirituality of the Seed and the regular Influx of the Spirits into the Muscles The internal Medicines answering these Indications are largely accounted for in the preceding Section In England Ambergrise and Laudanum Opiatum are mightily extoll'd Cantharides mix'd with aromatic Pouders are of noted efficacy Take of preserv'd Roots of Satyrium and of Eryngo Pine-nuts of each two Ounces candy'd Ginger Nutmegs candy'd of each an Ounce Confection Alchermes half an Ounce Rocket-seeds Seeds of Cresses of each two Drams white Pepper and Cloves of each a Dram With Syrup of Cinnamom make an Electuary Externally Cephalic Baths Fomentations and rubbing the Parts before the Fire are proper Let the Decoction of Cubebs in Wine be applied to the Testicles and adjacent parts or anoint the Perinaeum Cod c. with Mynsicht's Venereal Balsam mix'd with Oil of Ants. Take of the Juice of Parsneps Oil of Mustard of each two Drams large Eggs of Emmets a Dram. Pound the Eggs and set 'em in the Sun for a day or two then mix all in the form of a Liniment with which anoint the Nut of the Yard immediately before the Engagement If the Erection continue after Enjoyment wash the Yard with warm Water The Spirit or Juice of Ants with Civet and Oil of Pepper or Castor the Root of black Hellebor or of Pellitory of Spain pouder'd and mix'd with the Fat of a Quail And Wine in which Euphorbium and Pellitory of Spain have been boil'd are all recommended for the same use Take
of Civet eight Grains Ambergrise six Grains Mosch five Grains distill'd Oil of Cinnamom eight Drops distill'd Oil of Nutmegs four Drops Balsam of Peru as much as sufficeth for a due Consistence Mix and anoint the Perinaeum and Nut of the Yard CHAP. II. Of the immoderat Erection of the Yard THIS proceeds from the Contraction of the Muscles at the Root of the Yard hindring the Recess of the Blood which may be occasion'd two ways 1. When the Redundancy and Turgescence of the seminal Liquor irritats to a perpetual Erection and desire of Venery which for the most part ceases after repeated Injoyment 2. When the Muscles are seiz'd with Convulsions and the Erection is attended with Pain exasperated by venereal Embraces and free of any Inclination that way As for the first viz. the Heat Sharpness and Turgescence of the Seminal Liquor 't is occasion'd by a sedentary Life high Feeding use of Spices or venereal Incentives wanton Thoughts and Conversation volatil sharp Purges c. It prognosticats fast Living an universal Weakness and a short Life 'T is cur'd by frequent Blood-letting imploying the Mind exercising the Body fasting watching the continu'd use of Nitre and Spirit of Vitriol or of Camphyr or of Sugar of Lead Hempseed is a proper Specific Purslain Lettuce Water-Lillies Vervain Mint Willow-Twigs and Leaves c. are generally approv'd Take of Hemp-seed Melon-seeds of each two Drams the four cold Seeds of each a Dram Lettuce-water Sorrel-water and Water of the Flowers of Water-Lillies of each three Ounces make an Emulsion and sweeten it with Syrup of white Poppies Take of the Waters of Vine-leaves and of Willow-leaves of each an Ounce and a half dulcify'd Spirit of Vitriol half a Dram. Mix and sweeten with pearled Sugar Take of the Phlegm of Vitriol two Drams Tincture of Dazies Tincture of Rose-flowers of each half a Dram. Mix c. Take of the Pouder of the Seeds of Chast Lamb depurated Nire of each two Drams Camphyr half a Scruple Laudanum Opiatum six Grains Make a Pouder Let the Juices of Plantain Nightshade Hemlock Henbane and Comfrey be mix'd with distill'd Vinegar and Sugar of Lead and applied to the Cod and Sharebone Or make Cataplasms of the same Ingredients with Vinegar Let the Juice of Comfrey or of Lettuce in which Nitre is dissolv'd be applied to the Stones Loins and all round the Genital Parts As touching the Second viz. The Convulsion of the Muscles causing a Priapismus hindering the Reflux of the Blood and imparting somewhat convulsive to the Yard 't is occasion'd by the iritation of the Animal Spirits whether by an internal or external Cause Cantharides or other venereal Incentives unseasonably and immoderatly us'd frequently produce it If it be attended by violent Pain it portends an Inflammation or Impostume in the Part or the Convulsions of other Parts As for the Method of Cure Vomits are more proper than Purgatives by reason that the latter frequently prove Incentives to Venery After Vomiting let vitriolic and nitrous Acids be exhibited The Decoction of Lentils with the Seed of the Chast Tree is applauded by Lindanus Opium and Camphyr with the Juice of Citrons Diaphoretic Gold Rue Mint c. are much in use If it proceed from the use of Cantharides Milk is not improper Let the Perinaeum be anointed with Oil of Rue or of Mint or fomented with Wine in which Rue and Cumin-seeds have been boil'd or apply Cataplasms of Mint Rue Flowers of Water-Lillies Vinegar and Water Or anoint with Camphyr dissolv'd in Oil of Sweet Almonds or in Vinegar Vitriolic and nitrous Liquors are proper for the same use CHAP. III. Of the Depravation of the Erection of the Yard THE Erection of the Yard is deprav'd when it stands awry or departs from the natural Posture If the Bridle be short it stands crooked but that is cur'd by cutting the Bridle If the Depravation proceed from the Inflammation of the Yard 't is cur'd by emollient Cataplasms such as we prescrib'd for the Inflammation of the Testicles Sometimes Erection is hindred by a Pain in the Yard caus'd by frequent Venery which is cur'd by thrusting into the Passage Balsam of Peru or the Leaves of Hemlock bruis'd If the Pain be caus'd by a Stone in the Bladder there is nothing better than to put the Yard into the Water of the Whites of Eggs with Woman's Milk and Camphyr The remaining Causes which disturb the Erection of the Yard are those relating to the Foreskin They are of two sorts 1. When the Prepuce imprisons and straitens the Nut and cannot be drawn back This is call'd Phimosis 2. When the Prepuce being drawn off cannot be brought to cover the Nut again This is call'd Paraphimosis As for the first if the Prepuce be naturally so strait it ought to be cut but so as to avoid the Vein that runs along its side If it proceed from the accidental Corrugation of the Prepuce let the Cream of Quicklime be beaten up with fresh Butter and applied to it If it proceed from an Inflammation occasion'd by the Embraces of a foul Woman foment the Prepuce and Nut with the following â—â—ixture Take of the Mucilages of Fleawort-seeds of Quince-seeds of Fenugrec-seeds extracted with Plantain-water of each an Ounce the Yelk of one Egg and three Ounces of Cows Milk Mix c. Or Foment with the Water or Decoction or Quick-lime warm if you please you may add to it Sugar of Lead or sweet Mercury Take of Chamomile and Elder-flowers of each a handful Henbane-flowers Aniseeds and Fennel-seeds of each half a handful Bay-berries half an Ounce Cut bruise and boil them in Lime-water and apply the hot strain'd Liquor to the Part. Or make a Cataplasm of the Meal of Beans with Lime-water for the same use As for a Paraphimosis 't is occasion'd for the most part by the first Venereal Encounter and is ofttimes accompany'd by a swelling of the Prepuce Upon which account softning and discussing Ingredients ought to be joyn'd together Take of the Leaves of Marshmallows common Mallows and Pellitory of the Wall of each a handful Marshmallow-roots and white Lilly-roots of each an Ounce Flowers of red Roses and Flowers of Chamomil of each two little handfuls Boil them in Milk to the Consistence of a Pultise and apply to the part Flowers of Chamomil or of Elder or of Henbane may be boil'd in Milk or Lime-water for a Fomentation Or apply a Cataplasm of white Bread Yelks of Eggs Oil of Roses and Saffron If the Pain be violent Saffron ought always to be added AN ABRIDGMENT OF ETMULLERUS HIS Practice of PHYSIC c. BOOK IV. Of Diseases peculiar to Women SECT I. Of the Disorders of the Menstrual Flux THE most notable Alteration which happens to Women when they are ripe for Men's Embraces is the monthly Evacuation of Blood by the secret Parts beginning ordinarily in the fourteenth year of Age and ending in the forty ninth tho sometimes it anticipates the former
it is sometimes accompany'd with a desire of Copulation but oftner not In curing this we must begin if need be with mild Laxatives and Sudorifics and if needful allay the Acrimony of the Humour and finish what remains by external Applications The Internals are the Infusions and Decoctions of Fumitory Succory Scabious Baum Penny-royal Roots of Bryony Black Hellebor Polypody c. Mercurius dulcis and Troches Alhandal answer the purgative end as the Essences of Elder the Tincture of Coral and the Spirit of Woods perform the alterative and diaphoretic Office Of Externals the Preparations of Lead and Mercury are the best such as Vinegar wherein calcin'd Lead is dissolv'd If the Evil proves stubborn anoint the Lips of the Privities with an Ointment made up of one part of Oil of Tobacco and two of the Ointment of Tutty or apply Blistering-plaisters or cut Issues in the Thighs Sometimes the acid Humour retain'd corrodes the Lips of the Privities and occasions Wheals Pushes and in fine Scabs which are of a mild Character but very itching but there are others call'd Epinictides yet different from those little painful ones that spring from foul Embraces However both the one and the other are catching and difficultly cur'd For cure we must begin with such Universals as are used against the Scab or Itch especially laxative Bags of the Root of Briony and Spurge and if they are of the malignant kind we must use Mercurial and other Specifics for the Pox. Externally you may apply Oil of Roses mixt with Yelks of Eggs and discolour'd by beating in a leaden Mortar Or Take of the Decoction of Quick-line one pound Sugar of Lead a Dram. Inject one half and foment with the other If you suspect Infection instead of Saccharum Saturni take a Dram of Mercurius dulcis Or Take of Aloe and Myrrh of each the bigness of a small Pease Verdigrice half as much of white Wine Rose and Plantane-water of each an Ounce Mix for Injection and external Washing You may also use Vnguentum Album Camphoratum or de Lithargyrio mixt with Oil of Tartar per Deliquium in the mild sort and with Mercurius dulcis in the malignant ones If the venereal Appetit is exalted to the pitch of a Delirium it is then caâ—'d furor Vterinus a Disorder incident as well to Virgins as married Women and Widows Such Persons are talkative and peevish they ramble through the Streets and solicit whoever they meet to Venery and receive a denyal with the highest Indignation sometimes wantonly uncover themselves before Men and interlard their incoherent Discourses with Smut and Bawdry This Distemper at first is easily cur'd but if neglected ends in absolute Madness Wherefore in the beginning 't is proper to exhibit a strong Emetic enjoin a spare Diet and drain the Genital Liquor by extinguishing Specifics such as are the Root of white Water-Lilly Agnus Castus chiefly its Seed Lettuce Rue Purslain Hemlock principally its Seed Willow-leaves the Liquor running from its smaller Branches lopt off in the Spring Hemp and Poppy-seed c. Or Take Hemp-seed two Ounces Seeds of Lettuce and Purslain of each two Drams Make an Emulsion with Purslain-water to be sweetened with Syrup of Water-Lilly If Camphyr or an Opiat be added 't will be more effectual The Effervescence of the Blood and by consequence the Turgescence of the Seminal Liquor must likewise be repress'd by frequent Bleeding and absorbent Acids such as the Juice of Citrons Lemons and Pomegranats Nitre Sugar of Lead Coral c. and also by mild Sudorifics and besides in order to put a stop to the Fury and impetuous Motion of the Animal Spirits 't is convenient to add Poppy-seed Opium and Camphyr Externally we use Cataplasms Baths and Fomentations of Mandrake Nightshade Purslain Rue Hemlock Poppy and such like SECT III. Of the Disorders of the whole Body which are suppos'd to proceed from the Womb. CHAP. I. Of the Green Sickness AS the first arrival of seminal Liquor occasions several notable Alterations in Women so if it is too long retain'd and consequently corrupted and altered it ferments the Mass of Blood Juices and Spirits introducing an Evil disposition of the whole Body called the Green Sickness or white Virgin Feaver in which the Colour of the Skin is pale or somewhat livid and ugly attended by a bluish Circle under the Eyes Anxiety and Sadness without manifest Cause a slow obscure and disorderly Feaver an unequal and inconstant Pulse Vomitings in the day time c. It only invades Virgins and Widows or Women retir'd from Men and is heedfully to be distinguish'd from the Cachexy or evil Disposition of Body that 's common to both Sexes It is difficult to be known however if no error in Diet or the use of the six Nonnaturals no Obstruction of the Courses or other manifest Cause have preceded or if the Patient of a forward brisk Maid is become sad and anxious or is a forlorn Widow who formerly was a healthy Wife we may in such cases conclude this to be the Disease which the older it is has the worst Symptoms following it In curing of it we must endeavour to correct the default of Genital Liquor and remove the vitious Crasis of the Blood and by proper Remedies cure the incident Symptoms For the former Intentions Camphyr is a notable Remedy it not only diminishes the quantity of seminal Liquor and amends its virulency but has a peculiar Virtue of fortifying the Blood and Spirits Amber also Myrrh and its Essence prepar'd with Nitre Castor Spirit of Sal Armoniac and all Remedies prepar'd from them Preparations of Lead and moderat Acids are all proper As Take of the Conserve of Baum an Ounce and a half Conserve of Citron Pulp and of Quinces of each six Drams Essence of Myrrh half an Ounce prepar'd Amber two Drams Crystal Mineral of Lead Pouder of Castor of each a Dram Cloves Mace Zedoary of each a Scruple Camphyr half a Scruple Make an Electuary with Syrup of Pomegranats With these such things as extinguish the Seed may be mâ—x'd as Agnus Castus Willow Hemp and possibly Turpentine may not be amiss Opiats allay the severity of Symptoms and may be mix'd with other Specifics Bleeding and that often repeated is not improper CHAP. II. Of a Cachexy in Women ANother Fountain of Diseases commonly term'd hysteric is the suppression of the Terms from which a numerous train of Evils proceed especially if it happens on a suddeâ— by reason both of the quantity and deprav'd quality of the stagnating Blood for when there is too great a quantity of Blood it s due Circulation and fermentative Turgescence being restrain'd it becomes less spirituous and volatil yea gross and viscid and as it were flat and useless And as touching its quality we ought to remember that tho all the Mass of Blood is originally of the same condition and nature yet that which by the monthly Fermentation is measur'd out to be expell'd undergoes a singular Change
it continue long it may occasion Ulcers and Gangrens In order to prevent this Inconvenience the Midwife ought to tie the Navel-string to the Woman's Thigh till she be ready to draw forth the Afterbirth And then the Mother ought to be incourag'd to promote its Egress by Sneezing Coughing and in Case of Extremity Vomiting If all prove ineffectual let the expelling Medicines abovemention'd be administred especially the Spirit and Pouder of a human Secundine Myrrh Saffron Amber Castor and Borace If the After-birth be already corrupted in the Womb exhibit Elixir Proprietatis extracted with the Spirit of Venice Triacle camphoris'd In the interim let sharp irritating Clysters be injected and Pessaries of expelling Ingredients put up into the Womb. Glauberus orders a Mixture of Sal Armoniac and Salt of Tartar to be put into a Glass with a long Neck thrust into the Womb. Some anoint the parts with the Oils of Coloquintida Wall-flowers Savine Amber c. and order Fumigations of Myrrh Cinnamom Galbanum Castor Opoponax and Black Hellebor form'd into Troches with Cow's Gall. If these Prescriptions are still successless the Midwife must put her hand into the Womb and draw it out or if that cannot be done its Putrification must be promoted by injecting emollient Decoctions of Marshmallows Pellitory of the Wall Chamomil c. mix'd with Aloes Myrrh Oil of Roses and Vinegar of Wine to which we may add Lime-water Vnguentum Basilicon and a small quantity of that call'd Aegyptiacum After the Expulsion of the After-birth the next step is to regulate the Flux of the Lochia or the Child-bed Purgation If they are deficient we ought to consider if they are not voided some other way as by the Nostrils Stool c. In which Case we ought not to disturb Nature unless grievous Symptoms oblige us Besides if the Woman was wont to void but a small quantity of her monthly Courses or if she suckle the Child we are not to expect so large an Evacuation as otherwise The natural Method of this Flux is such that Blood is voided four days after Delivery from thence a watry Liquor like the washing of Flesh till the seventh day after that a viscous and serous Humour untainted with Blood continues to flow till the fourteenth or twentieth day Now the Causes of the Suppression of this Flux are external Cold drinking cold Liquors Anger Fear Grief Shame and the Collection of clotted Blood or viscid Humours in the Womb. The Symptoms of a Suppression are the Distention Hardness and Pain of the Belly a beating Heat about the Loins and Groin a shivering Feaver Headach difficult Respiration Swooning cold Sweats Doating and frequently Death If the Womb be inflam'd if a Pleurisy Dropsy or spitting of Blood insue 't is a dangerous Case As for the Cure of a Suppression of the Lochia if the Blood and Feaver boil high if Headachs difficult Respiration and such like Symptoms of the upper Region molest the Person let a Vein be open'd in the Arm and after the use of some internal Expellent open the Saphaena or apply Leeches to the Vagina or scarifying Cupping-glasses to the inside of the Thighs The internal Medicines are those of an expelling Virtue recommended above especially Myrrh Saffron Borace Amber Zedoary and Elixir Proprietatis If the Blood be clotted Castor and Sperma Caeti with Crabs-eyes and Wine are proper to which we may add some Grains of Laudanum Opiatum in case of violent Headachs and other Pains Externally let the Abdomen be fomented with the Decoctions of Chamomil Savine and wild Thyme and anointed with a Mixture of the Oil of Wall-flowers and the distill'd Oils of Cumin Juniper-berries and Amber applying afterwards a hot Brick or a Bag either dry or boil'd in Wine of Wormwood Chamomil Fever-few Angelica-roots the four great hot Seeds and Juniper-berries If the Urine be also stop'd apply to the lower Belly a Cataplasm of Chervil Pellitory of the Wall and Oil of Scorpions In the mean while it will not be improper to inject Clysters of the Decoctions of Specifics for the Womb and stimulating Ingredients and to order Fumigations from Coloquintida the Dross of the Regulus of Antimony Troches of Myrrh Bdellium c. Some put into the Vagina a little Bag of black Hellebor In a word this Symptom and that of a Suppression of the Terms require the same Cure Instead of a Suppression of the Lochia sometimes we meet with an immoderat Flux of Blood attended by a Prostration of Strength dimness of Sight tingling of the Ears and Swooning If the Blood be of an obscure and blackish Colour it proceeds from the Veins if its Colour be florid and a yellowish scarlet it comes from the Arteries and portends Danger The Causes are 1. The Redundancy and watry thinness of the Blood 2. It s Turgescence and accelerated Motion occasion'd by the abuse of spirituous Liquors in time of Labour or the administration of expelling Medicines 3. The Wounds of the Womb caus'd by the violent pulling of the After-birth in case of miscarrying or of its firm Adhesion to the Womb. 4. The Irritation of the Womb occasion'd by a Mola or Clots of Blood or pieces of the After-birth remaining The Cure is vary'd according to the respective Cause If the Blood be thin Sudorifics and Incrassating Ingredients are proper If it be overturgid Purslain Plantane Tormentil Loostrife and Acids take place If the Womb be wounded the Decoctions of Chervil and vulnerary Ingredients are recommended If a Mola or Pieces of the After-birth remaining cause an immoderat Flux we must be cautious of using strong Expellents because they promote the Flux But Aromatic Ingredients mix'd with Astringents may be safely administred Such are Tormentil Bistort Marjoram Pennyroyal Mugwort Troches of Amber c. In general all Preparations from Quinces the Pouder of Sea-horse Teeth given to a Dram the Preparations of Steel Blood-stone seal'd Earth burnt Hartshorn the solar Tincture of Steel given to fifteen Drops and the Tincture of the Sulphur of Vitriol given to thirty Conserve of Roses and that of Comfry-roots with Laudanum Opiatum and in case of extremity Allum given to half a Dram These I say are generally approv'd in all Cases Externally apply Cupping-glasses under the Breasts or foment the Breasts and Genitals with a cold Mixture of Vinegar Juice of Housleek Nitre and Water of Frogs Spawn or apply a Cataplasm of Soot Vinegar of Roses and the Whites of Eggs to the Loins Some order Decoctions of astringent Ingredients and Hogs Dung in Smith's Water to be injected into the Womb. Others recommend a Girdle of black Hellebor-leaves ty'd round the Body The Redundancy and Turgescence of the Blood admits of bleeding in the Arm but no other Cause With reference to the Extraction of the After-birth and Regulation of the Child-bed Flux we ought to take notice of the After-pains that ofttimes succeed to Delivery These After-pains are call'd genuin when they 'r seated in the Womb as being only
Application If we are apprehensive of their Degeneracy into a Cancer a Cataplasm of the Juice of Earthworms Pulp of rotten Apples Turneps Figgs and Saffron will not be improper But if the Swellings begin to shoot and cause pain they are not to be meddled with as being near akin to Cancers Cancers in the Breast generally take their Rise from hard Swellings and are much incourag'd by the Suppression of the Terms When the Swelling shoots and pricks without a tendency to Suppuration when it becomes hot and livid and the Veins are swollen we may reasonably conclude upon a Cancer Sometimes but very rarely it comes without any visible precedent Cause and appears first in the form of a little red Knot about the bigness of a Chiche which by derees increases becomes livid and black and the surrounding Veins swell up like so many Crabs-feet If a Cancer lies hid within its own Verge and dos not yet corrode the Skin and Substance of the Breasts it ought not to be tamper'd with For a palliative Cure we apply Liniments which partake of Ceruss and the Sugar of Lead or a Plate of Lead to the Breasts The Juice of the prick Thistle call'd Onopordon or of the Herb Robert and the Juice or Water of rotten Apples are also proper for external Applications Note all Compositions against a Cancer ought to be beaten and mix'd in a Leaden Mortar If a Cancer be ulcerated and void corrupt matter dispersing its Venom round all the neighbouring Parts it ought to be rooted out with a Knife and the bleeding stop'd with a fir'd Iron Allioth pretended to cure it with Alcali's mix'd with Sulphur But the former Method is most universally receiv'd Some apply a living Crab which dies upon the Breast while the Virulency remains and if it live signifies the temperance of the Ferment This Application they repeat till the Crab be able to live upon the Breast Soot and Lime-water are also recommended for washing the Ulcers as likewise the following Ointment Take of the Juices of Golden Rod Nightshade and Sow-thistle of each an Ounce Oil of Violets and that of Roses of each an Ounce and a half With Quick-lime make an Ointment in a Leaden Mortar The last Disorder relating to Suckling shall be that of the Nipples when they are small and not open or chop'd and â—lcerated The former Inconvenience is amended by applying a Cupping glass or a glass Instrument fit for the purpose and suckling a toothless Puppy The latter is prevented by fitting an excavated Nutmeg to the Nipple or anointing it with Hogs Tallow mix'd with common Bole some time before Delivery It s actual Cure is compass'd by anointing with Balsam of Peru or Oil of Balsamin Apple mix'd with the Oil of Eggs. The Oil of Sugar the fat of Cockles the Juice of the Herb Robert and above all the Juice of Wood-lice express'd in Wine are approv'd for the same purpose Some apply ston'd Raisins or the Leather of ones Shooe But when the Chops are large they ought to be washed frequently with warm Water to take off the stagnating Milk and Serum that corrupts and galls the Nipples and then fomented with Plantain-water in which Sugar of Lead is dissolv'd and afterwards cover'd up with a leaf of Ground Ivy. If they be ulcerated wash them with Quicklime-water and anoint 'em with a mixture of Litharge Allum Myrrh and Oil of Roses AN ABRIDGMENT OF ETMULLERUS HIS Practice of PHYSIC c. BOOK V. Of the Diseases of Children IN the foregoing Sections we conducted the Child from the first minute of Conception to the hour of Birth It remains now to view its Circumstances when just launch'd into the World and provide suitable Relief The first Alteration it undergoes is occasion'd by the free Air which rarifies and quickens the Blood and Spirits and by consequence provokes the Stomac Guts and Bladder to expulsive Contractions Now in imitation of Natures Efforts 't is the Duty of Art to promote these Evacuations by exhibiting small quantities of a Mixture of solutive Syrup of Roses Syrup of Cichory with Rubarb and Sala's Emetic Syrup and feeding it with the Beestings projected by Nature for that purpose For the Excrements lodg'd in the first Passages are the curdled acid nutritious Juice barr'd from Evacuation 'till Child-birth hence the voiding of 'em before Delivery is look'd upon as a Sign of a dead Child And their undue stay after the Birth taints the nourishment with a preternatural Acidity and is in good measure the Cause of all the tragical Symptoms that pursue our Infancy upon which account we ought to be diligent in endeavouring their early removal Nor is the insensible Transpiration or Evacuation by the Pores of the skin to be neglected as being so essential to Life Now the slimy Crust fasten'd upon the Skin by the Liquor in the Amnios deprives the Infants of this Benefit and by imprisoning the Steams under the Skin exposes 'em to cuticular Eruptions To remove this inconvenience the Nurse ought to bathe the Child very frequently in warm Water in which Soap or common Lye is dissolv'd and with a soft Cloth wipe off the impurities of the Womb. As the undue Retention of Excrements is frequently the Cause of Childrens Diseases so the Assumption of irregular Food is justly charg'd with the same Crime The most of their Food is Milk from the Breasts which is render'd disorderly several ways As 1. When 't is not the Mother's own Milk The nutritious Juice which the Child was acquainted with in the Womb being converted into Milk would be the most natural and easy nourishment since Customary Food is always most easy of Digestion But forasmuch as the temperament of every Woman varies the Milk that of a strange Woman must needs disagree with the nutritious Juice of the Mother which the Child was wont to digest and consequently causes several notable Alterations in its Body especially considering that our Hackney Nurses are generally poor and inur'd to coarse Food whereas the Mothers that hire 'em are intitled to a contrary Character 2. The Milk of a sickly Woman whether Mother or Nurse is improper 3. Fat thick Milk at first is pernicious to the Child and apt to curdle into an acid Crudity Nature has wisely provided against this Consequence by the thin purgative Beestings that prepare the Child 's Stomac and by degrees inable it to digest the thick elaborate Milk 4. Nothing is more apt to disorder the Child than suckling it too often since large quantities of Milk stagnating in the Stomac must needs corrupt and occasion Crudities especially if fresh Milk be pour'd in before the preceding be digested 5. The Nurse's irregular Conduct dos frequently vitiat the Milk The least Error in Diet tho inoffensive to her may taint the Milk and hurt the Child Upon which account she ought to eat roasted Meat and that moderatly and not over-charge her Stomac as many are wont to do when they 'r transplanted from their own
but continually gall and gnaw the skin They are cur'd thus Bathe the Child in warm Water or Lee in which Chickens Dung is boil'd and rub the Body over with Hony to tempt the Worms to come out in the form of black Hairs Then scrape 'em off with a Crust of Bread made sharp like the Edg of a Knife After this has been practis'd three or four times bathe 'em in Wormwood-water in which Aloe is dissolv'd or in the Decoction of Quicksilver Inwardly the Tinctures of Antimony Essence of Myrrh and Salt of Vipers are proper 3. When the Glandules of the Mesentery or milky Vessels are stuff'd with viscid Crudities and deny passage to the Chyle This we discover by the hardness and distention of the Belly the viscidity and whiteness of Excrements and cure it by the abovemention'd volatil attenuating Ingredients To which we may add the Tinctures of Steel the Tincture and Salt of Tartar and after the Child is wean'd Arcanum Duplicatum Externally we anoint the Belly with the Ointment of Soubread and that of Marshmallows Gum Ammoniac and Oil of Chamomil The Fevers that Children are liable to are also owing to the corrupt Crudities in the first Passages which defile the Blood Their Cure is perform'd by answering the various Indications according as the infirmity of Children will admit and the nature of the Fever requires In general Laxatives and absorbent Pouders accomplish the Design AN ABRIDGMENT OF ETMULLERUS HIS Practice of PHYSIC c. BOOK VI. Of Surgery SURGERY is that part of Physic which affords manual relief to the external Disorders of the Body But 't is not necessary for a Physician to be nicely acquainted with all the particular Directions for the Hand that being a Province peculiar to Surgeons So that our present business amounts no further than to account for a Physician 's Duty in regulating the Method of external Applications and inward Administrations This we project to do under five Heads viz. those of Swellings Wounds Vlcers Dislocations and Fractures But before we launch into Particulars 't will not be improper to take notice of the Distinction of the parts of the Body into those that are hard and others that are soft The former are frequently injur'd by applying oily fat things which injoy a latent Acidity prejudicial to the Bones The latter are either sanguine or spermatic The sanguine are originally nourish'd with Blood and all Tumours Wounds Ulcers or Amputations relating to them are neither so painful nor so easily provok'd and irritated by sharp Medicines nor so difficult to cure as those of the spermatic or nervous parts which are nourish'd from the beginning with Chyle and nutritious Juice Now when any of these parts suffers external Injury we must endeavour to allay the Pain and Symptoms that attend it to preserve the natural Course of the Blood and Humors and remove the putrifying acid Ferment that annoys the Part. CHAP. I. Of Swellings A Swelling is the Enlargement of the Dimensions of any part It may be caus'd by Dislocation or Wind but for the most it owes its being to Humours as if the Blood or Serum stagnate the former Causes Inflammations the latter soft white Swellings If the thinner Humours force their Passage while thick viscous Excrements stick by the way they gather into a Body by degrees and so cause Tumours such as the critical Swellings that succeed to Feavers to the Plague and French Pox and the hard Tumours of Glandules If the nutritious Humour of any part is corrupted by a vitious Ferment residing in it or otherwise occasionally alter'd it degenerats into Imposthumes Ulcers Callous Tumours and Excrescences And if the nutritive Juice be too plentifully receiv'd into any part it produces the like effects The remote Causes are the straitness of the Passages occasion'd by Constriction Compression or painful Contractions of the Fibres the viscidity and thickness of the Humour the disproportion of its Particles the Influence of an acid Ferment the extraordinary distention of the Pores giving entrance to large Quantities of nutritious Juice c. The Swellings are cur'd by retrieving the natural Motion of the stagnating Humours or by Discussion Suppuration or artificial opening Discussion is proper for sanguine Tumours and is accomplish'd by applying volatil attenuating Ingredients which temper the congealing Acid and dissipat or exhale the Humour Suppuration is the Effect of a mutual Effervescence betwixt the alkalin oily parts and the Acid which precipitats 'em into a white Pus but if the Acid be predominant the Tumour either degenerats into a Schirrus or breaks the Skin without Suppuration Upon which account all ripening Ingredients ought to be juicy and balmâ— for tempering the Acid and unbending the Fibres of the part Hence volatil Remedies which dissipate the thin and so condensate the thick Humours and those of an acid quality are improper Indeed if nature be inactive and the Humour be very thick 't will sometimes be useful to join some sharper Ingredients to the ordinary Medicines If the Swelling cannot be forc'd to Suppuration it ought to be open'd by a â—aunce or by a potential Caustic of the Lee of Soap or of the Butter of Antimony or of â—â—â—nes Arsenicalis which if well manag'd is an admirable Caustic and causes no pain The Medicines which unlock and set at liberty the stagnating Humour are 1. Emollient such as Marsh-mallâ—ws Pellitory of the Wall Melilot Fenugrec Linseed white Lillies Figs recent fat of female Animals Mucilages â—ils c. 2. Attenuating as well as well as Softening Such are Smallage Elecampane rosted Onyons St. John's-wort Saffron Chamomil and Elder-flowers Turpentin liquid Storax Goose Fat Goats Tallow Gum Tacamahac Spermâ— Ceti Oil of Dill Oxymel of Squills c. 3. Discussive and in some measure Diaphoretic such are Briony wild Cucumbers crude Onyons Note the rosting strips 'em of their volatil Salt Swallow-wort Sowbread Tobacco Squills Savin Mustard-seeds Gum Ammoniac a Swallow's Nest the Urine and Dung of Animals Spirit of Urin Spirit of Sal Armoniac Yest Oil of Scorpions Oil of Bricks Oil of Turpentin Oil of Worms the Plaister Oxycroceum or of Ammoniac or of Hemlock a Plate of Lead cover'd with Mercury the Ointment call'd Martiatum c. These Ingredients yield us Liquors for Fomentation Cataplasms Ointments and Plaisters As Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows and white Lillies of each an Ounce and a half the Leaves and Flowers of Mallows and Melilot and Elder-flowers of each a handful fat Figs in number six Boil them in Whey or Goats Milk And to a Pound and a half of the strain'd Decoction add of the recent Juice of Onyons or Oil of Chamomil three Ounces Mix and foment the part Take of the Roots of Marshmallows three Ounces Roots of the Flower-de-luce an Ounce Gole-wort Mallows and Wormwood-leaves of each a handful Chamomil and Melilot-flowers of each half a handful Linseed an Ounce and a half Bruise them and boil them in whey or Milk Then beat the Pulp
others immoveable some painless and others very painful and shooting as being near akin to Cancers These Tumours we endeavour to discuss by applying Cataplasms of the Leaves and Roots of wild Cucumbers with Goat's-Dung and the Plaister de Ranis with Mercury or Gum Caran mixt with Mercury and Turpentin and anointing with Helmont's distill'd Oil. In their Infancy the Fat of Vipers is also very proper If they cannot be discuss'd we must endeavour to bring 'em to maturity by applying the Plaister of Melilot mix'd with the Oil of sweet Almonds and Fat of Snakes or Platerus's Plaister of Tobacco or Sala's Magnetic Plaister mix'd with Diasulphuris When they are ripe we ought not to open 'em but leave 'em to their natural leisure that so the better part of the Glandule may be dissolv'd into Pus After they 're broke we apply the common Digestives mix'd with precipitat Mercury well wash'd If the Swellings are loose and pendulous we tie 'em with a Horse-hair and so by degrees force their separation If they 're inclos'd in proper Tunicles 't will be needful to extirpate the whole Membrane by the hand of a Surgeon The internal Cure of the King 's Evil is compass'd by purging with sweet Mercury and black Hellebor and administring the Decoction of Swallow-wort Pile-wort Dropwort and Broom or the following absorbent Pouder Take of burnt Sea-spunge three Ounces Bone of the Cuttle-fish Jaw bone of a Pike prepar'd Crabs-eyes long Peper white Ginger Roots of Pellitory of Spain Galls and calcin'd Egg-shells of each an Ounce Make a Pouder Dose half a Dram to be given with a convenient quantity of Arcanum Duplicatum The Pouder of Lizards with Hony in the Form of an Electuary is also of excellent use Next to the Kings Evil are Schirrus's which are hard immoveable Tumors in soft fleshy parts both internal and external They proceed from the Coagulation of Blood as when they follow Inflammations or from the stagnation of crude Chyle either in company with the Blood or in any other Vehicle For the most part these Tumours are free of Pain if they happen to be very painful and livid they are of a spurious race and apt to degenerat into Cancers For Cure we endeavour to discuss a Schirrus by applying Cow's Dung boil'd in Vinegar or the stinking Oil of Tartar and that of Earthworms mix'd with Spirit of Wine or Cataplasms of Briony-roots Goats-Dung Lye and Soap If these be insufficient we must have recourse to the Gums especially Gum Ammoniac and the Plaister of Hemlock with Mercury or a Plate of Lead applied to the part If the Tumour cannot be discuss'd we must bring it to a Head with ripening Ingredients but withal take care that they be not too violent lest it degenerat into a Cancer A Cancer for the most part is the Consequent of schirrous and scrophulous Tumours and frequently invades the Breasts and glandulous places If it come by it self it appears first as a Tumour no bigger than a Bean and by degrees increases becomes hard black livid and molested with shooting pains Afterwards it festers stinks and corrodes the adjacent parts being surrounded with Veins swoln with black Blood The immediat Cause is a volatil corrosive Acid which if it be not supplied with fresh Recruits may lie hid in the part a long time before it fester and then we call it an occult Cancer But as soon as it becomes an Ulcer 't is justly intitl'd a manifest one If a Cancer proceed from internal Causes If the whole Mass of Blood and the Bowels are tainted If the Tumour lie very deep or near to large Vessels If the pain be violent and frequent Bleedings ensue 't is a dangerous case If a Cancer be occult it ought not to be tamper'd with nor is it safe to apply any thing except some very temperat Alcalies such as the Juice of Nightshade beaten in a leaden Mortar the Juice of the Prick-thistle call'd Onophordon the Pulp of rotten Apples or Quick-lime-water prepar'd with the Water of rotten Apples the Juice of River-Crabs and Man's Dung Sugar of Lead and all Preparations from Lead are of excellent use especially a Plate of Lead cover'd with Quick-silver Ointments and Cerecloths of burnt Lead mix'd with the Oil of Roses Oil of Frogs c. are also recommended but all oily things ought to be cautiously us'd In the mean while 't will be proper to exhibit internally absorbent Anti-acid Pouders follow'd by Purges of black Hellebor and sweet Mercury After which the Sugar of Lead the Tincture of Antimony tartaris'd the volatil Spirit of Tartar the Decoction of River-Crabs in Milk and above all the Pouder of Wood-lice mix'd with Crabs-eyes are us'd with notable success sometimes Issues are useful As for manifest Cancers we shall have occasion to take notice of 'em afterwards under the Head of Vlcers The Acidity of the Lymph stands also charg'd as being the Cause of the Gummy Tumors that grow upon the Bones in the French Pox For 't is the vicious Acid that perverts the natural Nourishment of the Bones and occasions its degeneracy into a preternatural Swelling They are cur'd internally by the sudorific Decoctions or by a Salivation with Mercury interlac'd with Preparations of Steel and Vipers Externally we apply the dissolving Gums with the distill'd Oil of Guajacum and Mercury or a Plate of Lead cover'd with Quick-silver or Quick-silver congeal'd by the Fumes of Lead For mitigating the pain we may add Opium to all such Compositions The occasional Depravation of the nourishment of the several parts of the Body will also cause several sorts of Tumours As upon broken Bones a Callus upon tendonous places a Ganglion and upon fleshy parts fleshy Excrescences The first two are discuss'd by applying a Plate of Lead with Mercury or the stinking Oil of Tartar with Castle-Soap or the Spirit of Wine with the Juice of Rue or in obstinat Cases the Plaister de Ranis with Mercury Fleshy Excrescences unless they adhere to the Nerves or Arteries ought to be cut off and the Root eaten away by the Butter of Antimony and Vnguentum Aegyptiacum Some Excrescences are inclosed within their own proper Membrans and contain peculiar Humors sometimes like Hony sometimes like Pap and in other Cases like Soap or Fat The Cause of such Excrescences is the distortion and enlargement of the Fibres occasioning a large accession of Juice which distends and adds to the Growth of the misplac'd Fibres till by shooting out new Tendrels they join one another in the Form of a Concave Membrane containing the stagnating Juice variously alter'd according to the different occasions They frequently happen about the Head and Neck and share the common Fate of some nervous Swellings in being liable to alterations from the Moon For Cure if they are recent we may attempt to discuss 'em with Gum Ammoniac Balsam of Peru Sulphur c. If they cannot be discuss'd we ply 'em with sharp suppurating Ingredients such as Gum Ammoniac
in the Vessels of the Womb where it waits for Passage and acquires a certain corrosive Acrimony or aluminous Tincture Now from these Causes spring innumerable Mischiefs such as Pleurisies Quinsies Inflammations of the Womb Epilepsies unusual Longings Melancoly Tumours and hard Swellings of the Womb and Spleen stubborn Headaches Palpitations and Beatings as well of the Heart as in the Back and Loins and under the Short-ribs till at length the digestive Ferment of the Stomach the Bile and pancreatic Juice being spoiled evil Dispositions of Body Jaundice Dropsies and Consumptions and finally Death creep in Now to obviat these Evils we must jointly carry on two Designs 1. We must correct the vitious Crasis of the Blood and other Juices particularly its austere Acidity And 2. Revive the monthly Fermentation of the Blood that the Terms may flow as they ought These in general we may compass by Steel and aromatic volatil Medicines But we must first of all give a Vomit and repeat it if occasion require for this end we use Preparations of Antimony which are best Asarum Hellebor c. as for example two Drams of Oxymel Helleboratum Gesneri for a Dose It is likewise convenient to purge with Quercetanus's Pills of Tartar and Gum Ammoniac or those of Hiera with Agaric or by adding to alterative Bags the Roots of Bryony black Hellebor and Colocynth As for Calybeats we may use Zwelfer's Tincture of Vitriol of Mars Tincture of Steel prepar'd with Spirit of Sal Armoniac and Spirit of Wine Aperitive Crocus's of Mars prepar'd with fix'd Salts and such like also Wine or Decoctions of Rosemary impregnated with Steel Quercetâ—â—us's Cachectic Pouder c. To these we join Aromatics and aperient Ingredients especially Sassafras Galangal the greater hot Seeds Juniper and Bay-berries also the volatil Spirit of Tartar and Elixir Proprietatis prepar'd without an Acid. The Specifics must be calculated according to the variety of Symptoms An Epilepsy and convulsive Motions require Remedies from Cinnabar Castor and Amber The Headach calls for the volatil Salts and Antiscorbutics as volatil Salt of Amber both internally and externally For Palpitations of the Heart we choose Remedies from Coral chiefly its Tincture or the Pouder of Zedoary mix'd with prepar'd red Coral If a stopping of the Terms is followed by a melancoly Delirium let Antimonial Emetics be repeated and the Spirit and Pouder of a human Secundine added to the incident Prescriptions CHAP. III. Of the Hysteric Passion THO this Disease is accounted peculiar to Women and to proceed from the Womb yet it is found by experience to be common also to Men and to be of the same Nature with their hypocondriac and scorbutical Distempers Its Symptoms are as follows The Paroxysm is usher'd in with noise and murmurings in the Belly and sometimes the apprehension as it were of a Ball violently mov'd and toss'd hither and thither and rising up gradually It is always attended by a stretching or tearing Pain under the short Ribs a plentiful breaking of Wind upwards or downwards frequent Yaunings and Stretchings various and violent Pains in the Belly either fix'd or floating prostration of Appetite and Costiveness a Vomiting sometimes of a greenish or yellowish matter of an acid or strange Taste Palpitation of the Heart with a small weak and sometimes intermitting Pulse Swooning difficulty of Breathing and danger of Suffocation giddiness of the Head dimness of the Eyes sometimes frequent Laughter various kinds of Deliriums Convulsions strange Motions of the Joints and whole Body sometimes a total Cessation of all the Senses internal and external for the most part the beginning and increase of the Fit is accompanied with coldness succeeded in the declension with heat ending in a large Sweat This Disease proceeds from a vitious Effervescence in the Guts of a preternatural Acid bred in the Stomach Pancreaâ— or other Glandules with the bilious Juice whence the mesenteric Nerves being irritated give rise to the various Symptoms of the Abdomen And the vitious Acid being carried into the Blood occasions also its Coagulation and Stagnation To which we may join a disorderly and disturb'd Motion of the animal Spirits especially in the intercostal Nerve and those of the Par vagum which spread the Disorder all over the Body The Paroxysms of this Disease are reviv'd sometimes by violent Passions of the Mind as Anger a Fright Grief sometimes by strong Smells whether from sweet smelling things as Musk Civet Amber Roses c. as it frequently happens or from fetid things according to the peculiar temperament of the Patient To which we may add as a confirming Circumstance the use of sweet things which easily turn acid When the hysteric Woman lies destitute of Sense and Motion you may know if there is life by using a Looking-glass or Feathers or blowing Snush up the Nose This Disease is seldom mortal in Maids but disappears for the most part in time of Child-bearing or if it seize Women with Child 't is dangerous in old Women 't is seldom cured In delivering the Cure of this Disease we shall order what is to be done in the Fit and what out of it The Violence and Fury of Hysteric Paroxysms suffer us not to stand idle Spectators but require a speedy help both with external and internal Remedies As for Externals first we must apply to the Nostrils such things as yield a strong and stinking Smell regarding still the temperament of the Patient Above all I esteem volatil penetrating Salts as Spirit of Sal Armoniac Spirit of Hartshorn or any other urinous volatil Spirit In great Swoonings Castor infus'd in strong Wine and the Smoak of things burnt may be useful as that of Amber Nutmegs Feathers and Quills of Birds chiefly of Partridges Hairs and Horns of Beasts Lignum Aloes c. In the mean while to allay the Contraction of the Intestines apply to the Region of the Navel and Pit of the Stomac aromatic Oils such as that of Rue Anise Laurel Castor Amber fetid Oil of Tartar Guajacum Spike c. or an Ointment made of Clary boil'd in Butter or Camphyr dissolv'd in Oil of Sweet Almonds Or Take distill'd Oils of Amber Spike of each half a Dram of Cumin half a Scruple of Mace nine Drops Mix and anoint the Back-bone Region of the Navel and Pit of the Stomac Some apply beaten Garlic After anointing it will be fit to apply a Plaister of Galbanum to which some add Tacamahac Castor Pitch c. A girdle strongly ty'd about the short Ribs is helpful as also sweet-smelling things apply'd to the Genitals as a Pessary anointed with Peruvian Balsam or Oil of Nutmeg wherein some Civet is dissolv'd c. It will likewise be proper to inject Clysters of Carminative Aromatic and penetrating Ingredients to which volatil Salts sometimes may be added As Take Chamomil with the Flowers Leaves of Sage and Fever-few of each a handful Roots of Angelica and Lovage of each six Drams the four lesser hot Seeds