sence most cleere and euident were a point next to extreame folly The often scowrings fluxes vomets swetes and other immoderate euacuations inâ—ident to this simple doe testifie the same to purge most violently Furthermore Tabacco is found to be of that streÌ„gth force that the verie maceration or infusion of one leafe thereof in white wine ouernight doth procure strong and extreame vomits It is as yet fresh in memorie that diuers yong Gentlemen by the daylie vse of this Tabacco haue brought themselues to flixes and disenteries and of late at Bath a Scholler of some good accompt and worshipfull calling was supposed to haue perished by this practise for his humours beeing sharpened and made thin by the frequent vse of Tabacco after that they had once taken a course downward they ran in such violence as that by no Art or Phisicks skill they could be stayed till the man most miserably ended his life being then in the verie prime and vigour of his age But no purge be he familiar or gentle or else violent and hurtfull ought by the rules of Phisicke to bee familiarly and daily vsed of any man that hath respect either of his life or regard to his health For as concerning such as are in perfect health Hippocratâ— the Prince of Phisitions in the 36. Aphorisme of his second booke affirmeth Corpora 〈◊〉 si per medicamenta purgantur exoluuntur celeriter quae prauo cibo vtuntur Sound and healthie bodies sayth he soone wast and consume by the vse of purging medicines In like case doe they which feede on corrupt and vnwholesome meates Likewise the same author in the 37. Aphorisme of the former booke sayth that Qui corpora habent commoderata ijs purgationes difficiles sunt To such as are in health purging medicines are very dangerous And truely this his assertion seemeth to be grounded vpon good substanciall reason For wheras the vertue and operacion of the purge is to draw expell foorth of the body such corrupt vnholsome humours as haue any affinitie or likenesse in substance with the purge in healthy bodyes finding none of that disposition nature the purge then either loseth his operation and action therby is conuerted into some bad humour in the bodie or else it draweth and expelleth foorth humours very profitable necessary for the nurrishment and sustentation of the body And therefore all purges must needes bee to sound and healthy bodyes very perillous and dangerous And as for sicke and diseased men they ought onely to vse purging remedies at such times as their bodies and humours shall be made fit and apt for the operatioÌ„ of the purge according to that counsell of Hippocrates in his tenth Aphorisme of his second booke saying Purganti quoties vacuas medicamine corpus quo bene res Cedat fluxile redde prius So often as thou purgest so often also ought you to make your bodies apt thereto and the humours to be purged fluxible that the parts and passages of the body being open and the humours apt to runne the purgation might worke with lesse torments and griefe to the partie purged So that it seemeth very apparant true that neither in health nor yet in sicknesse that so vntimely and vulgar vse of Tabacco beeing before prooued a violent purge can be vsed without great hurt and danger Neither ought this kind of remedie to be giuen at anytime but in causes of extremitie and in desperate diseases onely For that it is an extreame and desperate medicine Extremis enim morbis extrema remedia adhibeÌ„dasunt saith our Hippocrates And in his comment vpon the same Aphorisme sheweth all strong purges to be reckoned amongst extreame remedies The fourth Reason THe fourth argumeÌ„t against this new-come simple was that it drieth vp and withereth our vnctuous and radicall moisture in vs and therby seemeth an vtter enemie to the continuance and propagation of mankinde This may be prooued in this sort That thing which depriueth the body of norishmeÌ„t and foode doth also wither dry vp our naturall and radical moisture because this hath his refreshing and sustentation from the purest part of the blood ingendred of our nourishments But Tabacco was shewed before to depriue vs our norishment in that it spendeth and euacuateth out of vs by spitting and sweats otherwise much of that matter that in time would proue in vs good blood good foode for our bodies And therefore Tabacco must needs be said to be a great decaier and witherer of our radicall moysture before specified Moreouer Tabacco by meanes of his great heat and immeasurable drinesse dissipateth naturall heate and kinde warm'th in our bodies and thereby is cause of defect of good concoction perfect disgestion in vs. The humors therfore in vs by this meanes made crude and rawe can be no fit aliment or nutriment for the vnctuous and substantiall humiditie wherin with moderate and kindly heate the Philosopher esteemed the life of man to consist And last of all wheras the sperme seed of man is supposed by the Phisitians natural Philosophers also to be framed of the purest finest part of his blood by the actioÌ„ vertue of kindly warm'th working therin the blood being now vndigested crude and the naturall heate peruerted corrupted by the immoderate vse of this hellish smoake reeking foorth of Plutoes forge what sperme or seed shall we expect to come froÌ„ them that daily vse or rather shamefully abuse this so apparant an enemy to the propagation therof as wel if you respect the materiall cause of seed consisting in the perfectâ—st most concocted parts of the blood as his efficieÌ„t resting in the moderatioÌ„ of naturall heat both greatly altered and decayed by the vse of Tabacco Hereby it must needs in coÌ„sequent follow that the continuation propagation of mankinde consisting principally in his perfect vncorrupt seed is in these men much abridged And for certaine proofe that Tabacco dryeth vp the sperme seed of man I heare by faithfull relation of such as haue much vsed it That whereas before the vse thereof they had bene long molested with a fluxe of seed coÌ„monly called with vs the running of the reines and of the Phisitian Gomorrhaea proceeding in them by reason of great quantitie abundance of that matterseeking vent forth of the bodie they were in short space eased of this affect by the onely vse of this medicine For no doubt this fierie fume dried vp the superfluitie of that matter which by reason of her thin and great quantitie easily dropped from them But if they persist ouer long in the practise therof no doubt more of that spermaticall humiditie wil be dried vp in them the will be conuenient for their health or for the increase of their like wherby the propogatioÌ„ coÌ„tinuation of mankind in this world must need be abridged The fift Reason THe fift argument against Tabacco was that it
ouer-hardned and dried The contrarietie and diuersitie of these vnnaturall melancholies doth hang and depend on the contrarietie and difference of the humours whereof they bee engendered All these sorts of melancholies are augmented and encreased much in such as often accustome themselues to the fume of Tabacco For first touching the natural melancholy it is manifest that the thicker and grosser that the bloud is the more of that thicke and earthly sediment it shall containe But Tabacco thickeneth and engrosseth the bloud and therefore Tabacco engendereth in vs a greater store of that thicke and grosse sediment which wee defined to bee of Galen called naturall melancholy The Maior or first Proposition is manifest for all liquid and moist things are the more thicke or thinne and cleare according to the quantitie of the grounds and feces mixed in the same For if the groundes be many then is the matter or humor troublesome and thicke But if the dregges or feces be fewe then is the humor cleare and thin The Minor or second Proposition of the former Sillogisme may be proued in this sort All those things which waste and consume the purest thinnest parts of the blood doo cause the same blood to remaine afterward more grosse and thicke and therfore may iustly be said to thicken the blood But Tabacco wasteth and absumeth the liquid and thin part of our blood and therfore Tabacco may iustly be said to thicken the same The Maior Proposition being euident needeth no farther proofe The Minor is prooued by daily and vsuall practise and experience of such as commonly doo drinke this Tabacco For thereby doo they purge great store of a cleare and thin humour which would mixe it selfe with the blood and cause the same to be more liquid and fluent and in time also by good Concoction turne into pure and subtile blood apt to feede and norish the bodie And albeit melancholy being of nature cold seemeth to haue no need of phlegmetique and thin humours to be mixed therewith least that his colde distemper be greatly increased thereby yet of necessitie some store of this crude and rawe matter is required to runne with the melancholy Iuice to moderate and temper his extreame siccetie and drythe and to defend it from Induration hardnesse The increase whereof in our bodies breedeth dulnesse sottishnesse and blockishnesse All which are the vsuall effects of ouer-hardened and dryed melancholie For melancholy ouer-hardened if it come once to be cooled it is extreame cold as Iron Which being heat is extreame hotte and being cooled againe is extreame cold also So this hard and drie melancholy once depriued of naturall heate by the inordinate vse of Tabacco fewme the fierie heate of the one dissipating the naturall and lesser heate of the other can yeeld nothing else but the effects of an excessiue and immoderate colde cause lying in the veines and mixed with the blood Such are esteemed to bee dulnesse of conceit blockishnesse mopishnesse and sottishnesse one of the worst kindes of accidents that commonly ensue ouer-hardened cooled and dryed melancholy in our bodies Againe such as the partes of the blood be such also is thought the blood to bee and as the blood prooueth so likewise are the spirites affected for they doo issue and proceed from the blood it selfe And such as the spirites are such also is adiudged to be the temper and dissipation of the heart and braine and as the braine is disposed and affected so likewise are the vertues of conceit imagination vnderstanding and remembrance affected and disposed also All which in particular by sundrie examples were easie to prooue for him that is but meanely seene and slenderly read in Philosophie sayings that the sanguine man by meanes of the puritie of his blood hath his braine and inward parts well tempered his sences cleare his spirites light and subtile his heart bold and merrie his minde affable curteous and ciuil Whereas on the contrary part the melancholy person by reason of the superfluous earthly and drie matter mixed with his bloud hath his complexion more wan and swarte his conceit of braine more dull and hard his minde giuen to sollitarinesse and priuate life For those two humours of bloud and melancholy are in both their qualities very repugnant and contrary The one being hotte and moyst the other colde and drie But here me thinkes I hear you say what maketh this idle discourse of bloud and melancholy of the disposition of the braine and spirits to your purpose or to the reputation of Tabacco Forsoothe very much For heereby it appeareth that the continuall practises of Tabacco destroy the puritie and clearnesse of their bloud in that as I prooâ—ed before it hardeneth and thickeneth the same And in thickening it engendereth dull melancholy spirites which make blockish and sottish conceits and a timerous and deiected mind not fit or conuenient for man that delilghteth in ciuilitie and societie of others For seeing that the fewme of Tabacco yeeldeth no good foode or nourishment to the pure blood but rather troubleth and corrupteth the same it is thereby most plaine and euident that it ingendreth in vs most dull and troubled spirites also tasting and sauouring much of that loathsome fewme and duskish smoake which riseâ—â— steemeth vp to the braine by the roofe and pallate of the mouth first sent thither through the Tabacco pipe full charged with Tabacco dust and afterward scorched and incinerated by the extreame heate of the parching fire This darke and smoakie fume pearsing the cauities and ventricles of the braine no otherwise then a melancholy winde or adust vapour rising from an adust Liuer or obstructed splene do breed in vs terror and feare discontentment of life false and peruerse imaginations and fantasies most strange no way depending vpon iust cause or grounds and alwaies a melancholy spirit a fertfull and timerous minde For truly the inward darknesse and obscuritie of the braine doth appall and terrifie our inward sences and minde also in no lesse sort then doth the externall darknesse or myst of the outward aire terrifie apall the same And if any man be farre blinded with Tabacco that he will not admit for true that the vapour or fume thereof ascending to the braine is darke and swart of colour and of qualitie excessiue drie let him but cast his eyes on the smoake issuing forth of the nosthrils of the Tabacconists or to the smoakie tincture left in the Tabacco Pipe after the receit thereof and he shall easily reclaime his error This swart sottish tincture cleaueth so fast to the inward part of the Pipe as hardly by any means but by the extreme heate of the fire it may be cleared from thence And no doubt the like impression doth the same leaue in our braines and in the cauities thereof So that the animall spirits ingendred in those places can no lesse but participating thereof sauour of the same no otherwise then wine put into an vnsauorie and
the disease or temperament of the person to whom they offer it What thing can be more absurd and phantasticall then to minister one the selfe same remedy to contrary repugnant affects hot cold dry and moist emptie and repleat acute and cronicall which for the more part haue deeper rootes and are of longer continuance then can sodenly be blowne away with a puffe of a smokie Tabacco pipe yea some of them can hardly be remoued by the great paynes care cunning of the expert and learned in Phisicke for Nonest in medico semper releuetur vt aeger Interdum docta plus valet arte malum And yet these Tabacco sauâ—rits hold no disease so incurable but that in some measure it receiueth either cure or ease by this Tabacco But I assure you many diseases being of themselues and their owne nature light and of easie cure may by the vntimely vse of this same become altogether incurable such are the first step or degree to an Heticke distemper of heat in the Liuer oppilations of the Lungs and such like And truely if nothing else should make one out of fancie with the vse of Tabacco it might be suffiâ—ient for an equall iudge to thinck with himself how vnnaturall a thing it is to peruert the naturall vse offices of the parts of the bodie for by the force of Tabacco the mouth throte and stomacke appointed by nature for the receipt of food nourishment for the whole body are made emunctuary clensing places and sincks supplying heerein the office of the most abiect and basest part for the filth and superfluous excrements of the whole body The second Reason THe second reason against the ordinarie vse of Tabacco is taken from the excesse of his two manifest qualities of heat and dri'th which Monardus and others also haue affirmed to come neere to the third degree of excesse in either qualitie So that if men of hot and dry constitution should often vse the feume of Tabacco no doubt they should increase much their distemper for like added to his like increaseth the resemblance similitude the more according to that Axiome in Philosophie Omnes unile additum simili reddia ipsum magis simile Whervpon Aristotle in his 8. booke and 29. Chap. De animalibus inferreth that a Snake if he eate of a Scorpion waxeth farre more venemous then he was before But I neede not to stand long vpon this point seeing that daily practise experience teachth vs that heat increaseth heat things cold do increase in vs a greaer cold the like may bee said of the other qualities of dri'th and moisture so that in natural reason and common sence it seemeth true that the extreame violent dri'th heat of Tabacco maketh it far vnfit vnwholsome for thin cholericke bodies And so is it also for youth and such as grow for Qui crescunt plurimum habent innaticaloris this naturall heat in youth by the immoderate vse of this fierie fume would soone turne vnto a heat vnnaturall and thereby be occasion of infinite maladies But I hold it a thing very dangerous not onely for the yonger sort but also for all other ages and constitutions whatsoeuer to bee ouer bold with Tabacco For it doth not onely consume and dissipate naturall heat in them by increasing of the vnnaturall but it wasteth also drieth vp radicall moisture the principall subiect of natiue heat so that heereof insueth in the bodie great store of crud vndigested humours the effects of immoderate heat in vs. For it is not fierie nor immoderate heat in vs but rather a milde vnctuous warmth consisting in a temtperate moderate moisture that performeth as well concoction as all other naturall actions in vs. Which thing is very apparant conspicuous in such as are afflicted with hot burning Feuers In whom as the fierie heat appeareth most so crude and vndigested humours doe abound more then in such as are cleare of such extremitie of heates Neither doe their humors at any time come to perfect digestion in them vntill the rigor and violence of that fierie heate be in some sort by cooling diet and medicine repressed Much lesse therefore are the patrons of Tabacco to bee beeleeued in this that hot and burning Agues â—ising of corruption and putrefaction of choler blood in the veines or about the principall parts of mans bodie may bee cured with an inâ—usion of Tabacco lease in white Wine steeped all night For as it was euer an aphorisme maxime in Phisicke that as like is maintayned by his like So was it also of like certaintie in the same art that Contrâ—ria a contrarijs currantur Contraries are cured by their contraries I meane contrary rather to the disease or to the cause of the disease But what contrarietie I pray you can be found betweene Tabacco and a Feuer tercian or burning Ague When as they maniâ—estly agree in their principall qualities of heate and dri'th both equally falling in excesse of either of them The like may be said of other effects proceeding of the same of like causes But to let the diseased passe and to come to those which are of perfect health I take it very dangerous and hurtfull for them often to vse this 〈…〉 for therby great part of that humour is dissipaâ—â—d wasted spent cast foorth of the body by often 〈◊〉 seeges swets and continnall spittings and coughings which in processe of time would turne to good blood and holsome nurrishment for the bodie For Crude and watrish humors which for the most part are all those which by this medicine are are oftentimes very necessary for many vses in the body As for pliant motion of the loints and principally for nurrishment of the flegmaticke and colder parts And it is a receiued opinion amongst the best Phisitions that nature being a prouident carefull nurce of mankinde hath purposely left this Crudie humour in our bodyes to the intent that we might euer haue some thing in store to nourish vs if happely we should at any time want other foode But that no small part of our nurishment is drawne away by the vntimely vse of this Tabacco may manifestly appeare by those men who before the vse thereof were grose and foggy but after they haue acquainted themselues with this kinde of practise they became very leane and sâ—lender So that no doubt if they desist not in time from farther vse therof ther is no small suspition least that they shall therby fall into Consumptions to that of the most dangerous sorts called of the Phisition Marasmos proceding of want of substanciall nurrishment dissipation of naturall heat and decay of spirits in the body And heerein I cannot but wonder much at the ouer sight of some who otherwise being learned and wise yet in this seeme very Paradoxicall when as they contend to proue Tabacco to be a great nurrisher For beesides
dissipateth naturall heate and thereby was occasion of rawe and vndigested humours in the bodie This thing in part hath bene demoÌ„strated before in the chap. precedent to which may here be added that where naturall and kind heat is by any meane made more violent and fiery there the parts of the body are made more hard and dried and thereby the more vnfit and vnapt to drinke or receiue into them such liquid and moist matter as by the daily foode should accrue and grow to them Wherevpon it falleth forth that that humiditie that should bee conuerted into the nature substance of the sollide parts is made by meanes of their not admission thereof excrementall and superfluous For it is not a thing either strange or absurd in Philosophie that things of qualitie drie may by an accidentall meanes be cause of superfluous moisture We see this thing confirmed by Galen himself in his second booke and second Chapter De tempera mentis and also by Auicen We see by experience that old persons being naturally drie in their sollide parts and haue for that cause their skin parched their faces withered their sinewes fâ—iffe their backes stouping and yet who doubteth but such persons haue in their intrailes and inward parts great store of flegmaticke and excrementall moistures proceeding of want of good digestian and concoction in those parts And truly those superfluities do the more abound in them for that their firme and sollide parts as Sinewes Bones Flesh Veines Artiers and LigameÌ„ts are too drie and hard to receiue and sucke vp so much of that alimentall humour which Nature dooth daily send to them for their sustenance and reliefe And hereof is seene in daily experience that olde folk are troubled most with rewmes Catarres coughs spatterings vomits scourings and such like And that old age is naturally drie and hard Galen declareth in these words Senum temperies sicca est pro exemplo sunt arbores Nâ—quoties senescunt magis exiccantur We see also that the earth in Haruest time being ouer dried and parched with the heate of the Sommers Sunne cannot so speedily suck and drinke vp such sudden showres of raine as at that time most vsually doo happen And therefore about that time of the yeare we see the greatest land flouds to appeare and most harmes to happen to men by losse of their Hey carried away thereby All which proceedeth by reason of the great siccetie and dri'th of the earth at that season causing it to be far vnapt to receiue that sudden moisture flowing on the face thereof In like case the firme and sollide parts of mans body being ouer drie and hardned by the long and continuall vse of Tabacco do with the more difficultie receiue and imbybe into them the alimentall humiditie before specified and therfore they remaine more copious in the body The sixt Reason THe sixt Reason against Tabacco was that this Plant seemeth not voyd of suspition of a venemous and poysoned nature and therefore ought not so carelesly or confidenâ—y to be vsed The venemous and poisoned substance and nature of Tabacco is manifested and prooued by this that it is daily experimented and before was prooued by vs to be a violent and most forceable purge Galen in his second booke De ratione virtus and 12. Section holdeth for a certaintie that all vehement and violent purges haue in them some deliterious poysoned nature a facultie or operation cleane contrary to the nature of man And in the sixt of his Epidenickes the same Galen affirmeth that in times past purging medicines were esteemed deliterious for that they being taken in any large quantitie were offensiue to nature destroying and wasting the same In good Authors I finde three kinds of deliterious medicines The one in manifest qualitie either excessiue hote as Calcanthum or else extreame cold as Mandrake or Opium Of the second sort are those which by their owne poysoned nature and substance be deadly offensiue to the takers therof and they being receiued but in small dose or quantitie kill and poyson the takers thereof Such are venemous musrumps Napellum Taxicum and such like Of the third kind of deliterious and deadly medicines be such as are by reason of their vehemeÌ„t violent euacuation most daungerous and perillous if in any large quantitie they be assumed Such be Enphorbium praecipitate Eleterium and Tabacco it selfe Which last as it is deliterious by violent euacuation So it is also very pernicious and hurtfull in his manifest and euident qualities of extreame dry'th and heate included therein But touching his violent euacuation and purging qualitie it hath bene sufficiently shewed before This one thing may be added therevnto that Tabacco is in this respect more perillous for that it is taken without due preparation and correction For it is confessed of all Phisitians that euery purging medicine if it be strong in respect of the deliterious bad qualitie it hath ought to be artificially corrected before it be takeÌ„ leasâ— he communicate his bad and venemous nature to the stomack inward parts Herevpon it is a vsuall custome in Phisicke to mixe with purges Mastich Cloues Cinamome Ginger Aniseeds Nutmegs and such like sweete and aramaticall Spices partly to take away the vngratefull sent of the purge and partly to defend the vitall spirits principall parts from the malice and hurt which otherwise would happen by the ill qualitie of the purge Out of this rule of preparation of purges onely Aloes Succotrine is by Mesnes excepted Which as hee affirmeth is so farre from ill qualitie and deliterious nature as that it is commonly giuen with other purges to amend correct their venemous malitious nature But what correctiues I pray you in our time and Countrey are there vsed in this Indian Tabacco which the more simple sincere it is the more holsome and effectuall it is adiudged to be And if it haue by any meanes any aramaticall spices shufled amongst it it is straight reiected and condemned for naught counterfeit I denie not but that since Hippocratus and Mesnes time there haue beene found out sundrie purges by the latter Arabians which for that they worke gently and without offence are called of them Benedicta Medicamenta Blessed and safe medicines and therefore haue need of no preparation to be vsed with them for their correction Such are thought to be Manna of Calabria Camarinds Cassia of Rhubarbe But this Tabacco now in vse is of an other keye and no waies to be accounted Benedictum in working but rather diabolicall and hellish for that it worketh with extremitie torments and griefe And that it is also in substance and nature deliterious and venemous may be gathered by the symtornes and accidents which doo immediately follow and ensue the large drinking therof That are violent vomits many and infinite stooles great gnawings and torments in the guts and inward parts Coldnesse in the outward and externall members