is many times that the Patient hath need of some inward Medicine which the Chirurgian can nor may well give without the Physitians counsell And indeed it were very meet and necessary that the Chirurgian should undertake no hard or dangerous cure without the Physitians advice Howbeit as I see now a dayes the most part of them doe all things following onely their own fantasies They stick not to give Electuaries Sirrups and other Medicines themselves yea and Purgations also which thing me thinks is very uncomely It is not reason that he that should be but as a Minister unto the Physitian as I alledged before out of Galen when I treated of Apothecaries should use the part of a Master and Phylosopher and ordaine such things as he knoweth not the nature of It is not unknown that many poor Patients perisheth under such rash and lewd Chirurgians But to say the truth the fault is not so much in them as in those that gird credit unto them For as the world goeth now a dayes if a Physitian or Chirurgian hath a fair tongue and hath also somewhat a comly body and can speak I will not say flatter indifferently on every mans side gratifying each man according to his quality desire and mind every man unlesse he be very wise and circumspect will lightly give eare and credit unto him and account him for a discreet and cunning man Such a one shall lack nothing he shall be welcome he shall have much curtesie and pleasure shewed him finally he shall have his whole hearts desire that is money enough For such Fellowes by their subtilty and faire tongue will allure more people unto them and get themselves more treasure in one quarter of a yeare then shall an honest and good Physitian in the space of three yeares and all by their fleering face and flattering words I would to God that all men would beware of such fellows and remember the Proverb that saith Dulci sub melle saepe venena latent Under sweet meats is many times a poison hid And as Virgil saith Hinc procul O pueri fugite latet anguis in herba Take heed and flee far hence O children for the snake lieth privily hid under the grasse It is written in the ancient Authors of Physick that in the old time the Physitians were wont to exercise Chirurgerie themselves Howbeit it hath been now of a long time that the Chirurgions do onely exercise this part of Physick for many considerations and chiefly for this occasion as Hippocrates saith Vita brevis ars vero longa The life of man is short in comparison of the Science of Physick which is long Therefore because the Physitians cannot well give themselves to study divers other Sciences which be necessary to Physick and make Medicines and use also Chirurgerie and go and visit their Patients It hath been thought good that other men called Chirurgions and yet having sufficient knowledge should have the office and ministerie to use and apply outward Medicines and not to enterprise and use all Medicines for all diseases both outward and inward as some doe for in so doing they go beyond their bounds There are excellent peeces of late put forth of Chirurgerie as Glaudorfius Hildanus Paracelsus and others in Latine Foelix Wartius in the German tongue Reads Works Banisters Wood-hall Pareus by Johnson and others in English Cooke Chirurgetie although it be a manuall Art yet it hath his speculation which cannot be had without reading of divers Authors and especially Hippocrates Galen Aetius Paulus Aegineta and of the latter Writers Tagaultius Hollerius Bologuinus and others As for Joannes de Vigo whom the Chirurgions of our daies do now most follow I would not that they should so greatly trust him because that he is not to be followed and read without great discretion and judgement for the obscuritie and doubts yea and errors that be in him He bringeth in many things in his Book which belongeth rather to the Physitian to know and practise then to the Chirurgion as Electuaries Potions Purgations and many other inward medicines If the Chirurgion have knowledge in Physick I mean that he know the complexions the nature of Simples and the effect and operation of Compositions hee may use them else not For if he do he shall do as a blind man that shooteth at a hare he shall work at all adventures and many times with the danger of his Patient I much marvell why the Chirurgion should disdain to come ask counsell of the Physitian when he hath any hard or doubtfull cure it can be no hinderance to him and to say the truth it is no great profit to the Physitian unlesse it bee for some rich man The good Physitian will use the poor as the poor and the rich partly for his money as well as for his love and friendship For the Physitian must have his living by some kinde of persons And not only the Physitian but also the Apothecarie and Chirurgion should deal charitably with the poor and use every man according to his capacity But this I have spoken Velut obiter as by the way Now to the purpose Many perchance will say unto me what needeth the Chirurgion come to aske any counsell of the Physitian for any cure that he taketh in hand whereas it is well known that the Physitians except one among an hundred doe not use to practise Chirurgerie themselves and by this means cannot instruct the Chirurgion in that thing that they know not I answer that the most part of the Authors of Physick do treat of Chirurgerie in their Works and although we meddle little or nothing with outward diseases yet doe we know what belongeth to them and how they ought to be cured And I say also that Chirurgerie can never be well practised without learning or a reasonable way of proceeding which is called in Latine Rationalis methodus the which the most part of Chirurgions have not As for example A man hath an hot inflammation or as commonly they call it a swelling or imposthume in some outward part of his body and feeleth great pain What remedie shall the Chirurgion use for the expelling of it he must first consider what is the nature and qualitie of an Inflammation called in Greek Phlegmone whether it bee ingendred of pure blood only or else mixed with any other humour what is the cause of it and what be the signes Now let us suppose that the said Phlegmon be ingendred only of a superfluous blood and the cause Antecedent be Phlethora that is abundance of good blood in all the body Now what shall the Chirurgion do in such a case shall he apply any thing to the swelling without considering whether the body must be let blood or not Whether the swelling or Phlegmon be yet in fluxu that is a breeding or in statu that is in the worst case that it can be or in the declination whether or when he ought to use repercussives
it doth signifie if none other evill sign be coupled with it For though the person seed much on nourishing meats and that with rest and an idle life yet naturall heat appeareth so strong that she can easily concoct such meats According to this saith Galen in his Judicials that the plenty of the ground in urine betokeneth certain and exact with concoction And that as the body is repleat with crude humours so it declareth that those same be in expelling out at that present time And for this cause saith he in all children commonly and in men also which feed much or bee of some other cause replete with humors their urine hath a great ground Also oftentimes it chanceth the pores of the skin to be stopped so that inch excrements as were wont to pass out by them are inforced to seek a new passage which they find most readiest by the urine and thereof are the contents and namely the ground oftentimes encreased And all these waies chance in health But in sickness it chanceth many and grosse superfluities do appear in the urine as often as the naturall powers namely the alterative or concoctive power being weakned such crude humours pass out undefied So doth it chance as witnesseth Alexander Trallianus That the urine of them which have the Collick Tral 2. cap. 33. is flegmatick and hath a great ground But if the contents be either great or gross in the beginning or in the augmenting of sickness namely if the Patient have any notable Ague it argueth abundance of humours to the concoction of the which there needeth both strength of naturall powers with time and good speed Little Contents And now contrary wayes must you judge of the smalness of the contents for they be caused either of great labour long fasting stopping or obstruction of the veins and such like parts or else of slacknesse of concoction And as Galen saith when the body is replete with crude and raw humours Gal. 2. pres Hip. 26. then is the ground great but if the body be replenished with cholerick humors then is there in the urine either little ground or none at all but in such case it is well if there be any sublimation or swim Urine without ground Now seemeth the place most meet to speak of such urines as have no ground at all nor other orderly content and that will I doe by the order of the colours of the urine according as Actuarius proceedeth The urine that is very white and exceeding thin and so lacketh the ground doth betoken either some notable obstruction either immoderate cold or else cruditie and lack of concoction And as these tokens may be greater or lesser so shall the things which they betoken bee judged in like rate either more or lesser But if the urine bee pale coloured or flaxen and then lacketh contents as it doth declare lesser obstruction so it doth signifie as great cruditie as the other before And so shall you judge of urine that is yellow or flaxen coloured For in them it appeared that naturall heat doth prevail Notwithstanding such things I mean the default of the ground with those colours may chance as often they doe through vehement pain immoderate labour long watching and also default of matter But such urines as be higher coloured then these that I have named by their colours they declare the qualities of the humours which doc prevail and also betoken a certain putrefaction and cruditie in the veins It chanceth also sometimes that some gathering sore being in some of the principall members by his unnaturall heat withdraw thither the matter even as it were by cupping and so doth cause the urine to have no ground And though indeed it is never a good token to lack the ground in a urine yet it is lesse to be complained of if the colour and substance draw nigh to a mean for in such a case it betokeneth that though nature be somewhat slack yet will shee shortly gather strength so that there shall appear a ground in the urine Now to shew you the reason why it chanceth no ground to appear in the urine First in case of cruditie when there wanteth perfect concoction there must needs want also the contents in the urine for they are the excrements as you might say and the superfluities of the third concoction Likewise though concoction be perfect enough yet may there want the contents if there be any notable obstruction or stopping of the veins namely seeing the contents are somewhat gross of substance and therefore unable to pass if the way be any thing stopt After the same sort shall you judge of long fasting and default of meat and moreover of such meats as are unapt to concoct For in all such cases there can be ingendred few or no contents And contrariwise though nature doe work many superfluities yet if the wombe be so loose that it yeeldeth many seges then as the urine shall be the lesser so shall the contents be few or none for nature then doth expel by sege those superfluities which should cause the contents And likewise when there is in any part of the bodie an inflammation or excessive heat which doth draw matter to it either that any of those parts are weak unto which nature is wont to expell such superfluities for in all such cases there may want the ground and the other contents in the urine And as for some of them I mean cruditie and opilation they may be well enough born withal unles their continuance be long But now again there is great difference touching the time of the sickness in which it chanceth for in the beginning and increase of sharp Agues if the ground be lacking it betokeneth great weaknesse of naturall strength which if not prevented may continue unto the chief strength of the sicknesse And after such an urine there doth follow much waking and disquietness halfe madness and trouble of mind and all those shall bee according to the greatness of the Ague either extream or mild And sometime it is a token that there shall bee a gathering sore in some part of the body namely if other agreeable causes come therewith as a winterly disposition of the aire with an uncertain state of sickness and unconstant alteration and mean weakness of the Patients power But in the declination of the sickness such urine ought not greatly to be blamed for then hath nature escaped the brunt of sickness though she be yet weak Yea and in the chief strength of sicknes as well as in the declination it may seem no orange thing if nature as though already she had the over-hand do gather her power together and draw a little nourishment to her self and thereby causeth little or no ground to appear But afterward when shee is somewhat refreshed and doth more liberally nourish the body then doth shee shew forth contents in the urine And lightly the order of the contents is such
declare that nature hath begun to concoct alreadie notwithstanding it is an evill urine for it signifieth that nature hath need not only of great strength to perform that concoction which she hath begun but also that there is required long time to the performance of the same For the which cause Galeu calleth this Of all Vrines the worst Thus have you heard touching crudity and concoction what thin urine doth signifie so that all thin urine betokeneth crudity And beside that doth further betoken as witnesseth Hypocrates gatherings or apostumations stumations in the nether parts of the bodie namely if it continue so very long and the patient escape death Thin and white Furthermore if such thin urine have with it a light whiteness it is a very evill sign For if it be in a burning ague it is a token of frensines But if the patient be fransick alreadie and the urine doth so continue it doth most commonly betoken death And if the escape death the which is seldome scen then shall he be long sick and escape hardly Thin urine also betokeneth divers other things as the stopping of the reins and of the water veins And likewise if a man have had much bleeding or laxe or pissing his urine will be white and thin and almost without ground Like manner in old age and long weakness of sickness Also in young children if it continue long it is a deadly sign Yet thin urine doth sometime betoken the end of sickness and recovery of health as in Agues namely quotidians if at the beginning of them and so after the urine did appear thick and troubled and especially if the colour amend therewith Thin and flaxen And if it be thin substance and of flaxen colour then is it better then thin and white for because the colour is better though the substance bee all one so that though it betoken some weakness and lack of concoction yet not so much as doth the other for the colour is meanly concoct that is to say naturall heat is meanly increased Thin and golden But if it be thin and golden it is yet more better then thin and flaxen for the colour is more exact and this betokeneth concoction half compleat for that which it lacketh in substance it hath in colour Thin and saffron After this is there thin and saffron coloured which betokeneth first lack of concoction and beside that default of nourishment as in a young man that fasteth long And sometime it betokeneth that excess of heat in the inner parts of the body doth cause cholerick humours to abound as in the fever tertian Beside all this it betokeneth thought carefulness and watching and also overmuch labour and taking of heat in the Sun And thus have you heard the significations of thin urine both alone and also with such colours as it can be coupled Now shall you hear what thick urine doth betoken both alone and also with such divers colours as it may be coupled Thick urine which is so I mean when it is first made either it doth continue still thick Thick or else it doth settle and waxe clear If it continue still thick it betokeneth that that disturbance which was in the blond that is to say the rage of sicknesse doth still continue strongly and that naturall strength is but weak This urine is not so good as that which doth settle and waxe cleer For that doth betoken that the disease shal shortly be overcome howbeit there remaineth yet somewhat of that distemperate trouble in the blood yet nature hath the over-hand and expelleth the matter of the grief and therefore is such a urine called good but yet it betokeneth some lack of concoction though not so much as that which continueth troubled and thick still Also thick urine if it be exceeding thick doth betoken death as Hypocrates saith And the urine that is thick and troubled like beasts urine doth betoken head ach either present already or shortly after to come If thick urine appeare in an ague where thin urine went before it betokeneth that the sickness will abate straight waies for it declareth that nature hath overcome the matter of the sickness but if it appear thick at the beginning of the ague and do not waxe thin in process of time it betokeneth plenty of matter and weakness of nature so that there is fear lest nature should be overcome except the colour do amend Thick urine also betokeneth opennesse of the water pipes and reins Thick and white And if it bee thick and white it betokeneth great plenty of raw humours and sundry kinds of flegm to be gathered in the bodies and betokeneth also namely if it be much that those gatherings which might be looked for in sore agues shall not ensue for the matter which should cause them deparreth out by urine but the whiteness of this urine is bright as snow For if it be somewhat darker like the whiteness of milk it is a token of the stone either in the bladder or reins namely if such urine chance in the end and amending of sickness But if the colour of it be grey it betokeneth not only plenty of matter in the body but also that the whole body is possessed with a dangerous sickness whereof oftentimes it chanceth the patient to break out with blisters and heat in his skin Thick and claret Next after this followeth thick claret colour for flaxen yellow nor saffron colour doth not agree with thick urine and it doth signifie that the disease shall continue long specially if the ground of it be also of claret colour But yet this disease without perill of death Thick and red Thick urine if it be red coloured doth betoken abundance of blood as is seen in continuall Agues and in all perillous Agues as witnesseth Theophylus If this water come by little and little it is an evill token for it doth alwaies declare danger And if that sort of urine in such Agues do waxe trouble so that there come with it deafness of hearing and ach of the head with pain in the neck and in the sides of the belly it betokeneth that the Patient shall have the falling evill within a seven night Thick and crimson And if a thick urine have a crimson colour If it bee burning Agues and the Patient then have the headach it betokeneth that a chief criticall sign either is then present or else night at hand Thick and blew But if the urine be thick and blew coloured it signifieth diversly as the persons are that made it For in them that are in way of recovery it betokeneth that the shall escape their grief It signifieth also pain in the water-pipes or else that the party hath runn much And if it appear such in old men and that continue long it declareth not only that the bladder is infected with evill humours but commonly also that he shall be rid of them But if it come after
a good ground is coupled with certain evill and unconcted fragments of ' all sorts of humours for sometime there appeareth with the contents certain ragged scraps enclining in colour toward a yellow or a white or else some such like if those appear in great quantitie they declare the matter to be half unconcoct and that the humour whose scraps they are doth abound in the depth of the body and is as dust or burned but if they bee few then declare they the malice of the humour to be milder and that the use of evill meats doth cause them the greater that such ragged scraps are the lesser adustion of humours they declare to be in the veins and the lesser they be the greater heat they do betoken For the cause of such ragged scraps is excessive heat which doth turn those humors into a thickness and as it were a bony nature by reason that they have remained long in certain veins and were neither dissolved nor extenuated nor yet quickly expelled by urine Besides these there are hairs of sundry lengths Hairs some an inch and some an handfull long some longer and some shorter and these are in colour whitely and do betoken grief of the reins These are ingendred in the water-pipes which go from the reins to the bladder so that as long as those water-pipes are in length so long may those hairs also be which are a gross and baked humor wrought in form of a hair Of those speaketh Hippocrates saying 4. Aph. 76. In whose Vrine soever there doth appear little peeces of flesh either as it were hairs those same come from the reins namely if the urine be thick Howbeit these are sometimes seen in such mens urines as feel no grief in the reines but only have fed some continuing space on flegmatick meats which will prepare matter to such diseases as they do also to many other griefs of which to speak in this place it is meet But to go on with this thing that wee have in hand beside such ragged scraps and hairs as I have spoken of there appear sometimes in the ground of the urine and also dis-parkled abroad in the urine it felf sundry and divers kinds of motes as it were which do declare that there is grief dispersed in sundry parts of the body Motes And this now may suffice as touching contents of every kind Therefore now will I a little repeat out of Actuarius of the diversitie of judgement The places of the contents The lowest region That ground which fleeteth nigh to the bottom of the urinall being in other points also good and mild doth betoken no strange thing But if it be unconcoct and deformed it betokeneth default in nature And if his parts be disparkled asunder it betokeneth a dimness in nature which doth not resist the rebellion of noysome humors so that in such case there appeareth need both of long time and also more strength to overcome that evill But as it is commendable that the ground fleet nigh the bottome of the urinall so is it discommendable if it lye flat on the bottome of the same The middle region Now as touching the swim or sublimation if it be good in colour and other waies then doth it differ only in place from a right ground and that cometh of an unnaturall windiness which maketh it to be so light and to fleet above his due place but if his colour and other like points bee evill yet then doth it betoken lesse evill then if it were in the right place of the ground the highest region But now as touching the third and highest region which is the place of the clouds If there appear a light and thin cloud it betokeneth no small grief of the head But this difference is there in the clouds the better that they be in colour and substance the farther they differ from a right good and naturall Content And therefore need they long time to return thereunto And contrary wayes the worse that they are in colour and substance the less they are to be blamed by reason of their place which is so much distant from the naturall place of Contents For this is a generall rule The lower that good contents fleet in the urine excepting alwaies such as cleave to the had bottom the better they are And contrary wayes of evill contents and such like the higher they fleet the lesse evill they betoken The proportion of the regions to the parts of man Now to make an end of this You shall observe a certain proportion that is between the parts of the urine and the parts of mans body The highest part of the urine doth betoken the highest part of the body namely the head and such other neer unto it The middle region of the urine doth represent the middle parts of man as the breast the bowels and the parts about them The nether region of the urine doth purport the lowest parts of man from the bowels downward And if you mark well this proportion you may the easier judge the griefs of the parts of man For when the contents which in colour and substance are naturall and yet by the abundance of windiness be lift up to the higher part of the urine it declareth some great pain to be in the head And in like manner when the swim or sublimation doth declare grief that grief must be lodged to be in the middlemost parts of man as I said before and so of the other A gain as this proportion between the regions of urine and the parts of mans body doth declare that place in certain height so doth it in breadth also by like proportion if you doe duly mark the side unto which the contents do decline And if you mark wel what I have said you may perceive the only cause of most such griefs when the contents is only disordered in place cometh of an unnaturall windines but yet commonly annexed with phlegmatick and unconcocted matter And as the windiness doth cause disorder in the contents so it causeth also another kind of things not to be neglected in urine and that is bubbles Bubbles which sometimes flote in the ring or garland onely and sometimes in the middest of the urine onely and other times doe cover the whole face of the urine The Bubbles which stand round about over the garland only and continue without parting if they be of the same colour that the urine is they declare great pain co be in the head and that in all parts of the head if the Bubbles joyn together without parting But and if they occupie only the one half of the garland then is that pain in the one half of the head And so forth may you judge by like proportion But if they doe part in sundry places and joyn not all together it is a token that the pain is the lesser and cometh of a weaker cause The more yellower that their colour is
the greater they declare the pain in the head to be If they be white or rather whitish and stand about in the compasse of the garland they betoken little pain or none And if the urine bee thin withall they betoken weakness of naturall heat or else the opilation and stopping of the reins namely if there appear no ground in the urine This doth Hippocrates witness saying 7. Aph. 14. When in the urine there swimmeth bubbles they betoken grief in the reins And also that it shall long continue The reason of the long continuance as Galen and Philotheus doe both declare is because that the grief commeth of cold and tough phlegmatick matter which always is long before it may overcome Pliny also saith Lib. 28. c. 6. that that urine is evil which is ful of bubbles and thick in which if the ground be white it is a token that there shal be grief either about the joynts or else about the bowels Howbeit yet sometimes the bubbles are not an evill token but contrariwise a good token of concoction and declare that nature doth now apply her self wholy unto concoction And this do the Bubbles signifie when they appear in the water in which they were not seen long before And therefore in an Ague we may conjecture the declination of it when we see bubbles to appear after that sort except it be so that they appeared in the urine at the beginning of the sickness and hath so continued still For then they declare grievous pain to be in the head yea and that dangerous if the urine also be thin in substance But if the substance of the urine be thick then the bubbles are not so evill a sign neither declare so greivous danger Sometimes in stead of Bubbles which doe not appear when they should it sufficeth that there appear a gross some as it is sometimes seen to rise upon wine and it doth betoken even the same thing that the Bubbles do Tome especially in the declination of the Ague of which I spake a little before These Bubbles do appear very thick about the garland in the urine of him that hath the issue of seed or wast of nature Sometime also there are seen in the Bubbles certain small scrapps as you would say much like hairs in grossness and so such length sometime that they reach from the one side of the bubble unto the other and sometimes longer and sometimes shorter which things may come either of the wasting of the reins or else of the shedding of nature The cause of the generation of bubbles and also of the dispersing and elevation of the contents is an unnaturall windiness Of which as there are divers kindes much differing asunder partly in multitude partly in substance and partly also in quality so doth the bubbles engendred of them diversly varie according unto those differences whether they be sole and severall or joyntly many knit together But windiness if it be grosse then doth it puffe up such Bubbles and if it be subtile then doth it rather work a dispersion in the contents and is not able nor meet to cause Bubbles And hereby may you know the qualitie of the windiness and likewise also the quantitie For there appeareth lesse quantitie of windinesse to bee where the contents onely are dispersed then where such Bubbles be ingendred Now as touching the other qualities of it as heat and cold which are the chief qualities indeed and molt active you may judge them by the colour of the bubbles For as pale colour and other low colours declare coldnes of that windiness so high colours enclining toward yellow or higher be certain tokens of heat Bubbles that are small and thick knit together in the garland or the urine doth betoken a grosse windiness whose cause cannot easily be vanquished for the grossness and toughnesse that is in them will not suffer them to swell great and that causeth them to be so small And contrariwise the greater that the bubbles be and the more bouled the more they declare that windines that causeth them to be severed from tough matter Moreover the colder that such windiness is the lesser grief is felt of them Bubbles in the urine of old men namely being great and large doe betoken cold windinesse but sometime such bubbles are a sign of rheum distilling from the head into the lights especially if the Patient at the entring of Summer were very hot and so did drink much which matter the head being dryed did draw unto him and did distill again part of it down into the lights whereof commeth a cough and part of it into the womb which thereby is moved to laxe CHAP. X. Of the Garlanded other like things AS I have compendiously and yet not very slightly spoken of those former parts to bee considered in urine so will I briefly speak of a few more which may not well be omitted and so make an end of the Judiciall The Garland First therefore in the over-part of the urine round about the edge of the urine there appeareth a garland circle or ring which doth there appear by reason that the higher part of the urine being thinner than the rest and more subtiller and therefore doth not only more sooner alter but doth more readier declare the alteration Howbeit sometime there doth appear no ring at all and that is when the colour of the urine and of it is all one by reason of the great force of the cause which altereth the urine but yet so that nature doth match that humour and is neither overcome by it neither yet hath overcome it For if nature have plainly either got the victorie or lost it then is there another colour in the garland then is in the rest of the urine Now if the colour of the urine be evill and the colour of the garland better it is a token of health As if the colour of the urine bee yellow red or crimson or any such like and the colour of the garland be white or whitely it is a token full of good hope but when the colour of the whole urine is evill and the colour of the garland worser yet then is it an evill sign As when the colour of the urine is green or purple and the garland worse coloured then is it a plain token that nature is overcome and that the evill humours have gotten the upper-hand Of these more particularly doth Egidius treat but yet not more truly nor more sufficiently his words are these If the circle of the urine be thick and waterie it is a token that the hinder part of the head is oppressed with phlegmatick matter but if it be purple-coloured and thick then is the forepart of the head overcharged with blood A pale and a thin circle declareth the left side of the head to be troubled with melancholy matter but if it be red and thin it betokeneth choler to abound in the right part of the head Leddy or
ash-colour A Leadie or Ash coloured circle doth signifie the falling Evill through the great grief of the brain And further declareth that such grief shall proceed by the sinnews into the other parts of the body But if after such a leadie colour there follow a reddsh colour that is a good token for then doth nature gather strength again and the powers of the brain reviveth If the colour of the garland be green Green and the Patient have a burning Ague it is to be feared least that the abundance of choler shall cause a Phrensie Black colour in the circle doth sometime betoken mortification Black and sometime only extream heat But these shall you distinct as I said before of the urine it self by the order of the colours For if green colour went before then doth the black betoken adustion through heat but if his colour last before was ash-colour then is it a token of death comming through the dominion of cold And thus much as touching the colours may suffice for this time Quivering in the garland Sometimes also you shall perceive a quivering and trembling in the garland and that declareth grief in the back-bone And thus many tokens be taken of the circle or garland Sometimes there will appear fleeting on the urine certaine scum or fattiness Fattiness sometimes like drops of oyle and sometime like a thin spiders web and these both doe betoken the melting of the fat within the body as Hippocrates witnesseth in his Prognosticks 7 Aph. 30. howbeit in his Aphorisms he doth assign it as a token of the grief of the reins peculiarly saying In whole urine there fleeteth fattiness and that much at once they have pain in the reins but shall not long endure This Aphorism doth Galen understand so to be true if that fattiness appear quickly and much at once else if it come by little and little with longer continuance so doth it not betoken wast only of the fat about the reins but rather throughout the whole body which sign yet is not alway evil except it continue long for if it continue but a little while it declareth no great evill Now to goe forth with other signs If the urine have a stinking savour Stinking savour in urine it is ever an evill sign for it doth betoken some putrefaction more or lesse as of the bladder onely by some blister or sore in it and that most certainly when the stinch is very great and there appeareth also scales in the urine and matter But if there be matter in the urine and the stinking savour but mean then doth it declare the sore to be in some other part of the body But this ever is true that matter in urine is a token of a sore And if in continuance of time the matter and stinch doe abate it is a good token but if the other continue or increase it is an evill sign If the urine doe stinke and there appear no matter in it then is it a token of some mortifying For if there be in the urine mean tokens of concoction then is the mortification in some one part of the body but if the other signs in the urine be evill then is that mortification rather of the whole body then of any one part of it And thus have I over-run briefly the chief things to be considered in urine which I say are appertaining or annexed to the urine it self Howbeit two other things there are which though they be more plainer then these other yet may they be overpassed no more then the other that is to say blood coming forth with the urine and gravell expelled there with also Blood coming forth with urine Blood doth declare some sore to be in the reins or bladder as Hippocrates writeth in his Aphorisms or else some vein to be broken about the reins namely if it come suddenly and without manifest cause Howbeit as Galen Oribasius and divers others do declare and reason also with experience doth consent there may appear blood in the urine also if that there be such a sore in the liver or in the shaft But in any of these cases the pain felt in the place and part will utter from whence the blood commeth Now to speak of gravell Hypocrates saith Gravell In whose urine there appeareth gravel in the bottome they have the stone in the bladder or else in the reins as Galen addeth but commonly if the stone be in the reins the gravell will be red as Hypocrates declareth in his sixt Book of his Epidemies And thus now will I make an end of the judicial of urine CHAP. XI Of the Commodities and Medicines of Vrine THe greatest commodity of urine is already declared that is That it doth declare unto man the manifold diseases which happen unto him and thereby doth not only give him knowledge of the cause and so consequently of the cure of the same but also warneth him before of the grief to come whereby he may take an occasion to eschew it if he will be diligent Now as this is the greatest commoditie of urin so it hath many other as well in use of medicine as other waies of which I will write some though not all And first out of Plinie Plinie which reciteth strange operations of the urine of a Hedge-hog and of a Beast that the Greeks call Leontophon and moreover of the Beast Lynx which I omit now with many other but this will I not omit Urine of man that Hosthanes saith That if a man let his own urine drop upon his feet in the morning it is good against all evill And that it is good for the gout we may perceive by Fullers which never have the gout by reason that their feet are so often washed with it Ostrich urine The same Plinie writeth That the Vrine of an Ostrich will do away blots and moles of Inke Also that if Urine be tempered with water of like quantitie and so powred at the roots of the trees it will both nourish them as many men say and also drive all noyance from them The urine also of men or oxen tempered with hony and given to Bees Bees will cure them that are poysoned with the flower of the Cormier or Cornoiller tree And likewise if Beans be steeped in urine Beans and water three daies before they bee sowed some judge that they will increase exceedingly Dioscorides Stinging Adders c. Dioscorides saith That a mans own urine is good to be drunk for stinging of Adders and against poison and also against the dropsie when it doth begin And for the stinging of the sea-Adders of scorpions and dragons it is good to soke the stinged part withall Dogs urine The urine of Dogs is good to soke the place that is bitten with a Dog and to cleanse manginess and itchinesse if salt peter be added thereto And that that is old will more strongly cleanse scales scurff