for example if the choller domaine amongst the bloud more then the rest of the humors the tumor shal be called phlegmonerisipelatus and in like manner in the rest as phlegmon edematus or schirrus so Galen saith that the humors are seldome found alone but mixed together The cause is triple primitiue antecedent and coniunct The primitiues are externall and first motiues as great vsage of meates which ingender much bloud also all those thinges which may moue the humors and prouoke fluxion falles strokes breaking of the bones contusion heate excessiue labour and such like The antecedant cause â— great superfluitie and aboundance of bloud offending either in quantitie qualitie or both intemperie euill confirmation and dolor of the part The cause coniunct or continent is the bloud or matter affixed in the affliged parte The signes are inflamation rednes hardnes feuer dolor and pulsation chiefly it being in maturitie The iudgementes the small ones doe often resolue the great ones doe often apostume sometiâ—e degender into great sickenesses according to the euill disposition of the bodie and partes where it chaunceth as mortification and schirre Sometime it returneth to the place it came froÌ„ as in the emunctoires of the noble parts As for the curation it shall be reduced to foure pointes according to Fâ—chius and Togatius the first in good diet of life secondly in staying the humour that floweth to the place thirdly in euacuating that which is in the place fourthly in correcting the accidents which often chaunce as saith Galen As touching the first which is good diet as saith Galen it shall be obserued in sixe thinges not naturals which shall be colde contrarie to the humor which is hotte sometime it shall be colde and humide and if it be with feuer the humor that floweth shall be diuerted by taking away the cause as repletion of the euill humors by bleeding purgations and also by strengthening the parte if it be debille also by frictions ventouseing and binding The humor shall be euacuated in diuers wayes according to the degrees of the apostumes as in the beginning we must vse repercussiues as whites of egges oxycrate rose and plantaine waters cataplasmes of bol armenie terra figillata barke of pomegranate henbane oyle of roses vnguent of roses album rasis diacalcitios or populeon For the augmentation which is the second degree we vse repercussiues and resolutiues like as mallowes plantaine roses wormewood barley flowre oyle of camomill oxicrate pouder of roses and mirtle sodden wine called sapa rose water vinegre saffron of which things you may make cataplasmes liniments fomentations as you shall finde expedient In the vigor we vse repercussiues and resolutiues in like force like as mallowes parietarie althea rosted vnder the ashes oyle of roses camomilli with a little beane flowre In the declination we vse only resolutiues Auicen counselleth to soften a little which shall be done with fomentations of althea origan lyne seede fenigrec flowers of camomill roses which thinges shall all be sodden in white wine mingled with a little barley meale and hony vnguent of aragon martiatum or agrippa de althea de melilâ—to or diachilon paruum We correct the accidents which is the fourth point as dolor which must be appeased by all meanes for the great accidents which often doe ensue For the which we vse oyle of roses waxe and wine sodden together as counselleth Galen Also cataplasmes of white bread and milke water oyle of roses violettes or camomill or annise seede or sweete almondes yolkes of egges with a little saffron in like manner the flowers of mallowes camomill and mellilot sodden in wine putting thereto a little barley flowre and goose grease lyne seede also vnguentes of roses and populeon If these thinges be not sufficient we take the leaues of henbane poppie rosted vnder the ashes and tempered with the iuice of sorrell and housleeke put to it a little hennes grease and saffron If the matter take the course inwrdly to some noble parte wee remedie it by application of ventouses cornettes frictions straight ligatures and such like If the matter com to a dispositioÌ„ schirrus we must vse medicameÌ„ts that soften digest as ye shall heare in the Chapter of schir If â—t tend to putrifaction it shal be helped by deepe scarifications cataplasmes made of beane flower soddeÌ„ in vineger and honye and such other remedies as ye shall heare in the Chapter of Gangren Oftentimes this tumor tendeth to suppuration which we knowe as sayth Paulus by the great swelling and rednes of the place eminent great heate dolor pulsation and feuer and such like those thinges being perceiued we passe from resolutiues to suppiâ—atiues as to foment the place first with hot water or oyle also with honie and water called Hydreleon making a cataplasme with wheate flower sodden in Hydrelâ—on putting to it a little fresh butter Calues greace Henns or Goose Also you may make a suppuratiue of Lillie roots Sorrell Parretarie and Mallowes sodden in Hydrelion put thereto a litle flower of Fenegreck Lyu-seede oyle of Lillies with a little sower leauen after it is taken of the fier put to it twoo yolkes of Egges this sort of remedie appeaseth well rhe dolor for the same effect we vse the emplaster called Dilachilon magnum or Basilicon The suppuration made we know by the diminution of the accidents and the tumor which is pointed also with pressing on it with the two thumbes we find it soft with great innundation Then if it open not shortly of it selfe it must be done by a ruptor or lancet otherwise it waxeth hollow and putrifieth within In the opening of it there are three tules to be obserued as yee haue heard in the generall Chapter Here we must obserue that the incision be made in the inferior part the matter must not be euacuated at one tyme make the incision the length eschewing nerues sinewes veines and arters and not by the breadth as sayth Auicen When it is opened we vse the yolke of an egge with a litle Turpintine oyle of Roses for a certain space therafter hony of Roses or sirupe of Roses mundificatiue de apio apostolorum or my mundificatiue set down in the poore mans guide or any other thing that munifieth sometime we adde a little egiptiac specially to those which withstand the former remedies the vlcer cleansed wee mixe with a little Turpintine and Honye some pouder of Irish aloes and thus or some little aureum with these pouders thereafter the emplaster of Diacalciteos or red desiccatiue and such like so the vlcer healeth The third Chapter of the tumor Feruncle or Dothine which proceedeth of Phlegmon WE haue spoken in the generall Chapter of diuers tumors which come of the sanguine humor as Phigethton Phinia and diuers others but by reason they may be cured by the generall râ—râ— of Phlegmon we let them passe and speake of the rest beginning
into the skin this way of ligature may be vsed in diuers partes of our bodie The blood being staunched we vse this following astringent pouder Rec. boli aimenici 3. ounces farine volatilis 2. ounces picis resine sanguinis draconis an one dram of this pouder you shall cast on the wound with drie flax thereafter an astringent or defensiue made of the foresaide pouders with whites of Egges and oyle of Roses lay it on flax in like manner that shall bee wett in oxycrate to couer the sore thereafter take a doubled cloth sufficient to couer the sore partes neare to it wet it likewise in oxycrate wherein cast the foresayd defensiue thy bandes wet likewise in oxycrate bind it well so that it be neither too straight nor too slack then situate the member in good sort and remoue it not in three daies chiefly in winter which is to be obserued according to the accidents which happen In changing these remedies beware to take away the sâ—are or knotts of the thread for auoyding whereof we rubbe the part with cerot of Galen to the end the defensiue cleaue not to it If there chance any veine or arter to open we shall dissolue a little vitrioll in vineger and lay on the veine on flax the breadth of a Groate this will stay it presently as I haue often proued If two or three open cause thy seruant to put his fingers on them and knit them as ye haue hearde afore The second dressing shall be done in the same maner or at least some astringment chiefly on the veines and arters and so continue till such time that there is no more feare of blood which will continue 8. or 10. dayes on the rest of the wound vse digestâ—â— made in this forme Take Turpintine well washed in Plantine water vnc 4. hony of Roses vnc 1. barley flower halfe an ounce twoo yolkes of Egges and incorporate all well together and lay it on the sore till it be perfectly suppured thereafter mundificatiue dâ—appio apostolorum such like with this emplaster composed of equall portions of Diapalma and red Desiccatiue for a certaine time next vse this Cicatrizant to the entier curatioÌ„ Take tutia praeparatae plumbi crudi antimonij crudi corticis granati balaâ—stiorum nucis muschatae boli armenici sanguinis draconis an drag 1. accipiantur omnia simuli cuÌ„ vnciis tribus vnguenti diapompholâ—gos fiat magdaleon bone consistentiae In the meane time if there be any excrescence of flesh we correct it with pouder of alume sauine or oker or pouder of Mercurie taken in a little quantity these or any of them may be applyed alone or mixed with some vnguent This operation is most learnedly set down by my good friend M. William Clowes one of her Maiesties Chirurgians in his obseruation with an sure methode to staye the flux of blood For a further declaration of the premisses I will recite a historie which I did see during the siege of Paris where through great hunger cold and other miseries hapened many grieuous sicknesses as gangrens and mortifications amongst the rest there was a Spanish souldior who had blacknes on the toes of his feete as if they had been burnt I cut off his toes scarified the rest and vsed such remedies that he healed Shortly after there hapened the like in the toes of the other foote which I would haue cut and cured as the first but he esteeming it a deformitie would not suffer mee so that the griefe by delay waxed so violent and furious that by the aduise of the best Chirurgians in Paris at that time I was constrayned to cut off the whole legge so helped him This historie haue I alledged to shewe the daunger of delay and that if any such thing happen wee should not deferre it but proceede as ye haue heard Thus we end the tumors which proceede of the sanguine humor and hereafter we will prosecute those which come of choller beginning first with Erisipelas The seauenth Chapter of tumors Bilions called by the Latins Flaua bilis and first of Erisipelas WE said that there were 2 sorts of hot tumors to wit Phlegmon whereof we haue spoken and Erisipelas whereof in this Chapter we will speake Erisipelas is a tumor which proceedeth of the humor chollerick with great inflamation dolors for the most part not eminent without pulsation and is of pale and red colour It is called in Greeke Erisipelas in Latin Iguis sacer in our tongue wild fire it differeth not greatly from Phlegmon as sayth Galen some esteeme them to differ because the one proceedeth of blood the other of choller they differ also in coulor the one is red the other oftentimes pale the phlegmon entreth deepe in the flesh and muscles and so remaineth in the skin Of this there are two sorts the first is the true Erisipelas which commeth of chollâ—r only but when it is mixed with the humors there commeth three kindes of it as ye haue heâ—d in phlegmon The cause of this tumor is abundance of the chollerick humor great heate of the sunne stroakes falles and vsing of hot medicaments which mooue the fluxion and drawe the humor to any part of the body The signes are these the tumor is liâ—â—e vehement heate dolor mordicant sieldome commeth to maturitie it appeareth often in the neck and face by reason of the tendernesse of the skin the coulor is not perfetered but mixed and so is somewhat pale If it bee vlcered it is better then if it strike in that which commeth out is good that which appeareth in the the face and in woundes is euill those which happen in the matrix are mortall those which appeare in the heade are verie daungerous and if good remedies bee not vsed the partie dyeth as sayth Aegineta As touching the curation there are twoo thinges to bee obserued euacuation generall and refrigeration with consolidation of the part the waye of life shal be colde and humide contrarie to the humor which is hot and drie as ye haue hearde in the generall Chapter abstayne from wine stronge drinke all sweete thinges from anger vehement exercise greate heate and such like The humor must bee euacuated by purgations clisters and bleeding and sometime scarified if it become liuide being first fomented with hot water and vse thinges on the sore which are colde and humide as Solanum Housleeke Lettice Succorie Vmbilicus Veneris Cucumbers take the iuyce or water of these or anye of them wet a cloth therein and laye it on the sore which is most expedient when it is in the face also colde water and oxycrate as counselleth Galen and Auicen for the same purpose cerot Galâ—n oft washed in plantine water is verye good If there be vehement dolour as oft chaunceth the rootes and leaues of Henbane being rosted vnder the ashes and mixed with a litle Populeon are very good likewise vnguentuÌ„
heard in others as dolor pricking tensioÌ„ rednes feuer The cure consisteth in vniuerâ—all perticuler remidies vniuersall as purgatioÌ„s bleeding chiefly of the veines saphens veÌ„tosing friction on the thighes with other coÌ„uenient remedies for the prouocatioÌ„ of the purgations as ye shall heare at length in the treatise of the diseases in womeÌ„ Vse good diet tending to humidity The perticular remedies differ not froÌ„ others sauing that we vse familiar weake repercussiues because it is nere to the noble parts in the beginning it shal be good to foment the pappe with hot water vineger oyle of roses or this take the flowers of camomill lyn-seede fenegreck of ech half a pound the iuyce of mallowes roses and plantine of each three ounces vineger two ounces wet a cloth therein and lay on the sore If it tend to maturation vse this the crum of white bread and beane meale of ech halfe an ounce flower of Fenegreck half an ounce Mallowes althea and lillie roots of ech a little seeth them in milk putting therto the yolke of an egge fresh butrer a little saffion when it is come to suppuration open it with canter or lancet vacuate the humor and cure it as other apostumes make a bandage to holde it vp and labour not with the arme on the sore side for that maketh attraction of milke to it The sixteene Chapter of the Tumor in the thorax câ—lled Pleurisie PLeurisie is an inflammation and tumor of the membranes which knitte couer the ribbes whereof there are two sortes false and true the false is outward in the muscles of the short ribbes the true is that which cometh in the membranes which knitte the ribbes The Cause is externe and interne the externe is great heate or colde also great vsage of strong wine or very cold water violent exercise or colde ayre after great heat the internall cause is great repletion of all the body foure humors but chiefly the bloud and choler which make the most subtill part of the bloud ascend from the veine caue to the veine azigos thereafter in the muscles veines membranes inteâ—â—stals The Signes as saith Galen are great dolor from the shoulders to the nethermost ribbe punction in the side continuall feuer difficultie of respiring coughing hard pulse great alteration with want of appetite The Iudgementes are these that which commeth on the right side is not so dangerous as on the left if the spittle be blacke liuide and viscous with continual cough and vehement dolor long continuing it is mortall If the vrine bee thicke blewe or blacke it is mortall if the cough bee very drie and cease not it is an â—uill signe If the spittle be white light equal with little cough and the patient sleepeth well good appetite and the vrine redde coloured it is a good signe The Cure consisteth in vniuersall and particular remedies vniuersall as clisters bleeding in both the armes chiefly in the side opposite to the sore keeping good dyet abstayning from all strong drinke women violent exercises perturbations of the minde the particular shall be cataplasmes and linimentâ—s of flowers of camomill melllot annise seede linâ— seede and fenâ—greâ— if the dolor bee great and doth continue Fuchius counselleth frequent applycation of ventouses with scarrification of the parte affected If by these remedies the paine doth not cease neither that ye perceiue any euacuation of the humor neither by the mouth vrine nor fundament it is to be suspected to turne into Empiem which is a collection of matter betweene the ribbes and the region of the lightes sometime with corruption hereof for the which we make incision either by canter or lancet but rather by the canter for neither doth it close so soone nor is so dolorous the opening shall be betweene the third and fourth of the true ribbes beginning at the nethermost and so counting vpwarde sixe inches from the ridge of the backe If yee see tumor eminent in any place of the thorax open it in the most conuenient place Hippocrates counselleth to decouer the third ribbe and bore it with a trepan to let out the humor when it is open put in a hollowe tente either of siluer or leade let not all the matter auoyde at one time but by little and little and cure it as other apostumes The seuenteenth Chapter of the Tumor in the nauell called in Greeke â—â—câ—mphalon or Eminentia vmbilici VVHen the Peritone is dilated or riuen the Nauell doth swell or tumifie in such sort that sometime it riueth the cause is often in the midwife that either knitteth too neare or too long by the neere knitting either it slippeth breaketh or causeth conuulsion other grieuous diseases by the too long knitting it giueth place to the intestine or â—mentum or some bloud or fleshe waterie or windie vapors doe occupie the eminent place The Signes are knowne by the diuersitie of the matter contayned therein as if the omentum it is softe and in cullour not different from the rest of the flesh if the intestine the tumor is softe and inequall and returneth into the capacitie with a noyse if humiditie or vapours the signes are as in waterie and windie tumors if bloud which happeneth through the infecting of some veine or arter the signes are as in aueâ—â—risma if excrescence of flesh the tumor is hard and obeyeth not easily The Iudgements are these when the dilation is great it healeth not easily and often riueth by some violence or coughing The Cure is first in good regiment tending to sobrietie abstayning from all statuous meates and such as ingender crudities little mouing and such like Particular remedies consist in emplaisters astringent or the emplaister set downe in the practise of Petrus de Angilla also fomentations astringent and bandages chiefely in the beginning If that helpe not reduce the puddinges and quafe and cause the sicke to hold in his breath till ye knit the production let it fall of it selfe and produce the cicatrice If it bee riuen by violence or great cough that the intestine commeth out as happened to a woman whom I cured in Paris yee shall inlarge the wounde with a conuenient instrument reduce the intestine and vse the sutor pellitor and cure it as other woundes If there bee winde and water in the place cure it as ye shall heare more at large set downe in the Chapter of Hernes The eighteene Chapter of the Tumor in the belly called Hydrâ—psie HIdropsie is a Tumor against nature ingendred of great quantitie of water winde or phlegme sometime dispersed through the whole bodie and is called vniuersall otherwhiles in some part thereof is called particular most commonly in the capacitie of the Peritone of the which there are three kindes to witte ascites timpanites and anasarca Ascites is a maladie that causeth the bellie and legges
to swell through a waterie humor the rest of the body is small and leane Tympanites is a maladie in the which is more flatuositie and lesse humor and in touching soundeth like a drumme Anasarca or Lâ—ncophlegmatia is a disease wherewith the whole bodie but chiefely the priuie partes are swollen with a pituitous humor white and clare accompanied with feuer The cause is either externe or interne externe as stroakes falles heate colde fluxe of bloud or great and long running of the hemerhoides or through dissenteria also great vsage of humide meates as sewens euill water and such like whereof we had good proofe at the siege of Paris also euill regiment Plato saith that in the time of Apollo and Aesculapius neither caiter nor hydropsie nor many other diseases which now raigne were knowne and that through their great sobrietie The cause interne commeth chiefely of the vertue alteratrix and concoctrix of the liuer in like manner apostumes of the liuer also passions of the stomacke through the vice of the veines meseraicks intestine matrix bladder lightes milte and kidneâ—s The Iudgementes are that all hydropsies after a hotte feuer or in the feuer are euill if after apostume of the liuer it receiueth no curation if by vsing remedies the sicke groweth better within 3. or 4. daies is ill againe he healeth not if hee become laxatiue and haue no ease of his paine it is mortall if the spittle the breath and extremities do stink they are signes of death if flux with difficultie of respration he shall die within three dayes of all sorts ascites is the worst those that are yong and robust vsing exercise and if the humor be not putrified may be cured For the cure hereof there are 3. intentioÌ„s the first is good diet tending to hot and drie of good nourriture and light digestion it is good not to drinke at all but if it be any let it be a little old man I knewe a man that was cured by abstayning from drinke halfe a yeare Anthonius Bene uenius reporteth that he knew men cured by abstayning from drink a yeare without vsing any other remedies Let their bred be of barley wherwith shal be mingled the pouder of wormwood annisseede betonie calamint calamus aromaticus succorie fennell which thinges may also bee put in their pottage drinke asses goates milke is also good The second intention is with fomentions and vnguentes resotiues as ye haue heard in Edema The third intention is to corroborate the intemperie of the lyuer as is ample set downe by Albucrasis Some counsell to make incisioÌ„ the which I haue often seene but with euill successe therefore not to bee vsed as being reiected by Celsus Paulus Trallianus Gordonius and others The manner of incision is thus make the incision with a bistorie by the nauell but 3. fingers vnder it towards the flanck shuning the Linaea put a hollow tent in it and euacuate the humor by little little I haue set downe an excelleÌ„t remedie in the poore mans Guide for the curation of this disease if the fault be not in the liuer whereby I healed many in Paris during the time of the siege There are many other things which might be spoken of this matter which I leaue to the mediciners being more medicinall than Chirurgicall but by reasoÌ„ that sometime it falleth vnder the Chirurgians haÌ„ds I thought good thus much to intreate of it The ninteenth Chapter of the Tumor in the fundament called Condiloma THe fundament is subiect to diuers passions as Condiloma ficus atrices hemerhoids rhadiae clausio paralysis pruritus fistula Condiloma is a certaine excrescence of flesh hard tuberculus and membranous in the brimmes of the fundament sometimes accompanied with great tumor and swelling and are called Condilomata sometime not swelled and are called Atrices The cause is the weakenesse softnes and lowe scituation of the part also defluxion of humors which become rotten for the which it is of hard curation The signes are manifest to the sight accompanied with great tumor and dolor The Cure consiâ—th in good regiment and rest often purging with clisters bleeding in the arme to diuert the humor if there be any inflammation vsing vomitors thinges to prouoke vrine The topicall remedies are in the beginning to vse linimentes of oyle of roses cidoniorum with whites of egges thereafter vse remollientes and discutientes if it tend to suppuration vse such remedies as ye haue heard in others putting thereto a little of tapsus barbatus it must be opened in forme circular this counselleth Gordon to the ende the matier remaine not long there in which easily causeth fistule If the excrescence be great hard they must be consumed with causticke medicamentes as counselleth Celsus Sometime the fundament is closed as I sawe in Picardie in the Towne of S. Quintin in France where I brought a woman to bedde that had two children the one had excrescence of fleshe and dyed soone after it was borne the other had a membrane that closed the passage of the excrementes which I câ—tte with a bistorie and it healed This hapneth often to maides in their conduites for the which doe the like or haue recourse to Celsus Or to the mans Guide The twentie Chapter of the Tumors in the Fundament called Hemerhoides THe Hemerhoides are an inflamation or voiding of bloud of some one or moe of the fiue veines which goe about the Fundament of the which there are diuers kindes as saith Fernelius some are interne which are not to be seene others externe some swelled and voide no humor but in tract of time returne inwardly some open and auoyde aboundance of melancholicke bloud which maketh great payne The cause is great aboundance of melancholicke pituitous or bilious bloud also great vsage of mordicant medicines as saith Gordonius The Signes are these if the humor be colde the sicke feeleth great heauinesse and dolor and trembling of the bellie if the humor be hotte there shall be great pulsation euill coullor of the face heauinesse of the eyes The Iudgementes this disease is dangerous and difficill for sometime the great euacuation causeth the hydropsie euil colour and weakenesse of the bodie which often endeth in fistule If they be sodainely stayed they ingender dangerous maladies and often death the humor taking the course to some other part as the liuer or the lightes as saith Bartapallia if they voyde moderatly it is good and preserueth the sicke from melancholie leprosie strangurie griefe in the sides and inflamation on the lightes The naturall course of them is to voyde euery moneth once or at least foure or fiue times in the yeere The Cure is somewhat difficill the part being sensible and colde hauing no force of it selfe also being in a lowe place easie to receiue fluxion and being in a priuie place hard to
substance The cause is not different from other aposthumes as also the signes The iudgmentes are such as are long in healing the part being cold and membranous somtimes suppureth otherwhiles resolueth if it continue long it corrupteth the testicle The cure the sick shal be purged with clisters bled rest and weare a trusse to holde vp the stones and dressed according to the nature of the humor and accidents after the methode set downe in the generall Chapter of Aposthumes The two and thirtith Chapter of the tumor in the Flanck called Bubo THis word Bubo is taken in place for the part betwixte the thigh the bodie called in latin Ingnen in which there are many glandes which often doe swell tumifie The cause is defluxioÌ„ of humors violent exercise crisis of maladies dolor or vlcer in the legge or foote or some other part neare to it The signes are euident The iudgmentes when it happeneth by crisis of maladie it is difficill if no feâ—er haue proceeded nor vapor venemous it is easie sometime it doth resolue otherwhiles suppoâ—eth There are other glaÌ„des lower where ordinarily the plague ingendereth The cure differeth not froÌ„ other aposthumes which come in partes glandulous where of I haue spoken amply in the Chapter of Scrofulae The three and thirieth Chapter of the tumor in the knees THis tumor commeth by fluxion or congestion of humors in the ioyntes and chiefly in the knees the cause is strokes falles plenitude of humors crisis of maladye heate colde long trauell laxations riding and frictions The signes are manifest the iudgmentes are that those which happen after a long maladie are difficill and dangerous as sayth Hyppocratâ—s are long in healing painfull to the sick dolorous the humor being either extreame hot or colde which maketh inflamation in those partes sometime matter virulent vnder the lidde which causeth the bone goe out of his place and sometime turneth ouer as I saw once in Paris The cure consisteth in vniuersall and pâ—rticuler remedies vniuersal shal be according to the qualitie of the humor as yee haue hearde in the generall Chapter the Topicall remedies shal be repercussiues discutientes drying according to the nature of the part which shal bee distinguished according to the degrees of the aposthumes as ye haue heard in Phlegmon If it tende to suppuration be warie in opening of it our auntients forbid to open deepe vnder the lidde because parts are sensible and dolorous of the which happeneth euill accidents Vse medicamentes corroboratiues and anodines euacuate the matter and cicatrice the wound as others sometime the tumor is ingencred of winde which deceiueth the Chirurgian and if it happen cure it as ye heard in windie and waterie tumor The foure and thirtieth Chapter of the tumor in the veines of the legs called Varicae VArix is dilatatioÌ„ of the veine greater thaÌ„ natural which happeneth in diuers partes of the bodie as teÌ„ples bellie vnder the nauell on the testicles matrix but chieflye in the legges which is sometime one veine sometime diuers together full of thick burnt melancholick blood letting action of the place The cause is abundaÌ„ce of the melaÌ„cholick humor retentioÌ„ of the moueth course in womeÌ„ Hemorhoides in both sexes which dilateth the veines sometime breaketh as oft happeneth to women in their trauell for the which I haue treated at leÌ„hth in the treatise of womeÌ„s birth likewise vehemeÌ„t exercise as leaping wresling carying of great burtheÌ„s strokes falls tormeÌ„ts such like The signes may be seene by the greatnes of the veins which coÌ„monly are blacker than the naturall The iudgemeÌ„ts those that are interne are incureable and not to bee touched because it letteth the â—fluxion so returneth to the noble parts causeth great accidents intertaineth old vlcers letteth the cure therof The cure is diuersly set down by diuers authors some counsell to incise them in diuers places according to the circumâ—olution and let the blood then to close vp and binde the wounde as in other bloâ—dinges resting that daye and if they swell agayne doe the place with a little inke the skin aboue the veine therafter take vp the skin with thy handes and incise in the middst therof then let it goe that the veine may be seene passe two needles as in the varicus herne let it bleede a quantitie knit it let the thre ad fall of it selfe without drawing it by force and cure the wound as others The fiue and thirtieth Chapter of the little Tumors in the leggs called Dracunculus THis is a tumor or extraordinarie dolor bredde in the legges or armes called Draguneus yet diuers authors haue giuen it diuers names as Auicen calleth it Meden by the name of a towne where it is frequent Albucrasis calleth it Venaciuilis Halyabbas vena famosa There is also touching the cause cure great difference it chaunceth most coÌ„monly in the midst of Arabia as writeth Paulus and is not oft seene amongst vs yet some-what I will say of it for the better instructioÌ„ of the yong Chirurgian Paulus and Auicen are of opinion that in the place affected the humor is like vnto little wormes somtime great otherwhiles small chiefly in the partes musculous as in the arters thighes and legges and sometime in childrens sides vnder the skin with manifest motion Some take it bee a sharp and mordicant humor betweene the flesh and skin which in time waxeth hard like an nerue or tendon It is iugendred of a hot melancholick blood burnt phlegme sent through the veines to the exterior parrs by the vertue expultrix The signes are vehement dolor feuer harde and rounde like nerues seeming to moue in the touching as it had life the tumor is long and stretched from one ioynt to an other as from the kneâ— to the foote The cure whether it bee humor or animall vegetatiue is to foment the place with milke and camomill or medicines to appease the dolor then to giue aire eyther by canter or vissicator if it be not dolorous and tend to suppuration cure it â—s yee haue heard in Erisipelas changing alwayes your remedies according to the times of the Tumor and Humor which raigneth The thirtte sixe Chapter of the Tumor in the legges or armes called by the Greekes â—lephantiasiis particularis THIS if it be vniuersally through all the bodie it is called Leprosie if it be particular it occupieth onely one meÌ„ber which spoyleth the forme figure and disposition thereof and maketh it rough like the skinne of an Elephant for which reason it is called Elephantiasis If it occupie the skinne and not the flesh it is called Morphaea The Cause commeth from the mothers wombe and is called Maladie hereditarie or after wee are borne if from the wombe either the childe hath bene
to the accidents Parey telleth of a man from whome hee drewe 100. sauceâ—s of bloode in Foure dayes who thereby was cured and otherwise hadde dyed Shaue the heade and applye Cataplasmes of Flower of Beanes and Oxymell with the Oyle of Roses and suche lyke that are somewhat cold and humide vse frictions and ligators on the extremities ventouses on the shoulders sometime to open the veine puppis ftontis sub lingua and the arter on the temples Abstaine in the sicknes and long after from women and perturbations of the minde The pâ—rticular is thus first we consider if the bone be broken that must be trepained roÌ„ged or lifted for the doing wherof the place must first be incisâ—d as ye haue heard yet it is not needfull to trepaune in all fractions and cleftes for sometime the first table is offended yet not penetrating to the diploy otherwhiles the duploy conâ—used the secoÌ„d table whole somtime the broken bone is a litle lifted so that the matter contained hath place to paâ—â—e and therfore it is not nedefull to trepan If any pece of bone the dura mater it must be drawn by fit instruments the trepan is good wheÌ„ the clefts in the are so litle that the matter caÌ„not euacuat yet it is not mete to trepanne in all fractures as ye haue heard noâ— to discouer the brains without necessity good iudgmeÌ„t so that the yoÌ„g Chirurgian may not so hastily as in times past trepan for euery simple fracture I wil shew wheÌ„ trepaning shold be vsed for what cause in what places also the way to trepan well First the ChirurgiaÌ„ shall well consider the stroke Simptomes if it be litle the veins betwixt the 〈◊〉 tables oâ— those that hold vp the dura mater with the â—rane be offeÌ„ded the blood fallen on the membrane then the trepan must be vsed to withdraw that matter which other wise wold cause death somtime it must be vsed for the out taking of the litle bones that pâ—ick the meÌ„brane also that more coÌ„modiously we may apply our remedies In al these things Hipp. couÌ„selleth to trepan When the fracture is inthe first table we vse the trepan exfoliatiue to giue issue to the blood which is betwixt the tables The time we shold trepan is 2. or 3. daies at the furthest after the hurt long delay causeth defluxion of humors on the dura mater which putrifieth causeth inflammation so incoÌ„tinent after we haue perceiued the offence of the crane and that the membranes suffer which is knowne by the sond or finger we should trepanne in the beginning yet sometime stay till the 7.10 or 14. day which is dangerous for which cause bee aduised in iudging therein Then wee must know what places may indure the trepanne which not for to auoid diuers accidents considering first if the boane be broken and separated in diuers pieces which if it be the pieces must bee lifted by fitte instruments and not by the trepan In like maÌ„ner we must not trepan on the fractures for that cutteth the veines arters filamentes which passe betwixt the pericrane and dura mater and cause great dolor and hemoragie of bloud for the which cause if occasion constraine vs to trepanne in those partes we applie the trepan on both sides of the future for the auoiding of the foresaid accidents as also for euacuation of the humor contayned The Trepan in like sort must not be applied on the open of the head in young children being yet soft and not solide nor on the temples for the muscles temporal where there is abundance of arters membranes nerues whereof commeth great fluxe of bâ—oud feuer conuulsion with other euill accidentes yet if fracture doth chaunce in those partes we apply the trepan a little aboue the saide muscle temporall Wee must not trepanne on the boane petrosa which is vnder the saide muscle nor on the boane of the eies because there is great cauitie full of ayre and humiditie ordayned by nature to prepare the ayre that goeth to the braines And these are the places which we should eschew in applying the trepan yet I haue seene some trepanned in these places and heale but noâ— without great hazard The way to trepanne is thus First scituate the head of the hurt in good scituation and holden by some body that it doe not wagge close his eares with cotton haue a good fire least the colde ayre enter on the membranes which may make putrefaction then the Trepan perforatiue shall be applyed to make a hole for the pyramide of the great Trepan next apply the whole Trepan with the pyramide turning it about softly till thou hast made a way with the teeth of the Trepan then take out the pyramide otherwise it shall passe offend the membranes continue in turning softly the Trepan sometime to lift it to put off the sawinges of the bone and when thou art at the duploy which shall be perceyued by the outcoÌ„ming of the bloud you shall consider if it be needefull to passe further as yee haue heard take good heede in trepanning of the second table lifting oft the Trepan and sounding if it be neere cut if it be more cutte on the one side then the other presse the Trepan on the thickest part and in this take good heede for often in cutting the one before the other thou scratcheâ—t the dura mater which causeth inflamation and death being almost cutte assay with the eleuator to draw it without violence if there be much of the sawinges on the dura mater take them out This I thought good to aduertise the young Chirurgian touching this operation which being done thou perceiuest if the membrane be inflamed oâ— in any wise altered as oft happeneth and is most daungerous for which we giue clysters drawe bloud and vse fomentations on the place of anodins and repercussiues If there bee alteration make a medicin of honney of roses syrrupe of wormewood aquauitae with a little aloes and myrrhe some adde to it a little white wine If there bee great putrefaction put thereto a little Egiptiac if there be neither inflamation nor alteration it shall suffice onely a little aquauitae with honey of roses so continuing till the membranes be mundified applying alwayes the medicinâ— hotte and cure it afterwardes as othâ—r woundes Vse alwayes aswell in this as all woundes of the head the emplaister veneticum prescribed in the poore mans guide and also the emplaister of betonica or diacalciâ—â—os malaxed with wine There is great iudgement to be vsed in doing this operation and fewe there are founde that doe it well Many I haue seene of verye learned and expert men and heard of diuers to my great ioy comfort among which Gilbert Primrose and Iohn Nessmith Chirurgians to the King of Scotland men very expert in this operation like as in all operations chirurgicals God increase the number of such learned men in this
it be drawne before the flesh be growne on the whole the ayre will alter the other also Of this remedie commeth no dolor if yee touch nothing but the boane after the canters are applyed we vse oyle of roses with whites of egges for the first two dayes then mixed with whites of egges and fresh butter with honney thereafter some mundificatiue till the boane bee exfoliated and then vse the powder aboue written mixed with honney to incarnate cicatrize thereafter consolide the vlcer If the rottennes come to the marow and the bone be all corrupted there is no remedy but amputation except in the head haunch and rigge backe in the which we vse remidies palliatiues as ye haue heard The eight Chapter of the vlcers Cancrous and their Curation HAuing intreated heretofore of Cancer in generall here we will speke of the vlcered which as saith Guydo is an vlcer round horrible hauing the lippes thick harde inequall sordide turned ouer cauernous euill fauoured of colour liuide and obscure accompanied with many veines full of Melancholick blood voyding a matter virulent sanious worse than the venim of beastes subtill waterie black or red It is so called for two causes as saith Auicen the one because it cleaueth so fast to the part as cancer to that which it taketh holde of the other because it hath veines about like the feete of the cancer The cause commeth of the cancer vnulcered and vlcers euill cured and by the humors Melancholicke which come from all the partes of the bodie which do putrifie and heate so acquir a sharpnes and venenositie and breede cancer The signes are these the cancer vlcered is still redde caue to the profound of the member casting a virulent matter in great abundance pricking dolor and irriteth by the application of remidies and operation manuall so not to bee touched and therefore called Noli me tangere The Cure generall consisteth in purgation and dyet as in tumors cancrous Guydo coÌ„mendeth a potion made of capillars herbi Roberti scrofuralia centâ—nodie Treacle and Methridate are good for they cause venim to come out in the skin The particular is if it be in such a place that it may not bee taken away with the braunches it shal be done by incision canterization or corrosion and that the blood be all well exprimed out of the veines thereafter canterize it with such as haue force to consume the euill humor quoniam in extremis morbis extrema sunt adhibenda remedia The arsnic sublimat is excellent for it mortifieth in one day cancers fiâ—â—ules and other strang maladies apply defensiues and anodins produce the fall of the scale as in the vlcer precedeÌ„t When ye perceiue that there is neither stink nor viruleÌ„cie but good flesh heale it as other vlcers If it be in any part that it may not be thus handled or the patient wil not or that it is incureable wee vse palliatiue remedies the which consist chiefly in good dyet abstayning from things contrarie vsing good things therafter euacuation generall purgations bleeding applying on the part medicameÌ„tis corroboratiues linimentes and refrenantes to diuert the fluxion with proper medicines as this take the iuyce of scabius solani an onc 2. plumbi vsti loti vngueÌ„ti pompholigos an onc di vnguenti albi onc 2. diacalciteos onc di oleum â—mphacinum paruÌ„ agitentur in mortario plumbeo There are diuers other proper medicamentes for this effect as succus solani spima argenti cerâ—sae olei an partes equales contundantur et agitentur in mortario plumbeo donec haheant colerem plumbi When there is great dolor seeth althea in wine and honey putting thereto a little oyle of roses to make a cataplasme also wash the vlcer with wine wherein tapsus barbatus hath been sodden There are diuers vnguents and liniments set downe afore in the tumor Cancrous The nynth Chapter of the vlcer fistulous FIstula is an vlcer deepe straight round cauernous with great hardnes callositie froÌ„ whence procedeth an humor virulent Paulus Aegineta saith it is a sinuosity callous not dolorous in diuers parts of the bodye chiefly after apostemes not wel cured hemorroides which haue run loÌ„g as also apostemes hemoroidall Of it there are diuers sorts the causes are as in vlcers cauernous but the humor which proceedeth froÌ„ it is worse coÌ„ming of an euil phlegmatick melancholick adust causing a bitternes venenositie The signes are knowne by the sound by the humor that coÌ„meth out which is viruleÌ„t stinking not dolorous except it be neare the nerue Galen calleth it a siring because it is caue within Paulus compareth it to the reede that haue cauities as also Aetivs The Iudgments some heale easily some are long in healing some are incureable Fistules with many cauernes are difficill as saith Celsus those that are nere to any noble part as in the thorax allo in the bladder matrix intestins are all perillous mortall those in the ribbes back ioynts are suspect and of difficill curation Fistules in the fundament which haue the orifice exterior are hard to heale all fistules in bodies euill disposed are of long curatioÌ„ There are diuers sorts of fistules for some are superficiall others do penetrate some a slope some right some simple others composed with one or moe sinuosities some end in the flesh some in the bones and some in the cartilages As for the cure we must first coÌ„sider by the iudgment sound the deepenes and cauernosities if it be callons and endeth eyther in tendons cartilages or bones or penetrateth within all which things coÌ„sidered we ordayn the way of life purg the body according to the nature of the humor therafter corroborate the parts intern with this potioÌ„ which hath oft been experimeÌ„ted by old authos Re. hordei mundi scrofuraliae an partem vnaÌ„ agremoniae centaâ—â—reâ—â— plaÌ„taginis minoris an partes duas aristolochiae partem di folioruÌ„ oliâ—ae filopendulae an partes duas scindaÌ„tur omnia minutim pisleÌ„tur bulliant in vino albo cum parruÌ„ saccari Of this decoctioÌ„ ye shal take a draught euery morning 4. houres afore meate The particular remedies coÌ„sist in 4. things first to dilate orifice if it be stright which shal be done by tents of gentiaÌ„ briony spoÌ„g prepared ciclamin if the fistule doth penetrate depe tie a thread to the tent the orifice being dilated we come to the secoÌ„d point to take away the câ—llosity which is done either incisioÌ„ or caÌ„terization or by remedies causticks corrosiues or to cut it with sheres or rasor or with such remedies as ye haue heard in vlcers caneruons If it be profound such kind of places where it may be knit we put a needle with a strong thread through it and knit the thread euery day more and more till it bee consumed
see in the ende of Sommer and Autumne great maladies and dangerous sometimes the plague as writeth Cardanus for it entreth into our bodies by the mouth and nose when we respire of the which often are ingendred maladies very difficill CO. Whereof proceedeth the varietie of the qualities of the ayre LO Of three thinges like as of Regions or Countries of windes and of the scituation of the place where we are CO Howe proceedeth the varietie of the ayre by Countries LO There are some which are euill tempered and others well tempered according to the Climate where they are scituated like as vnder the pole Articke and Antarticke the farre distant sunne beames which maketh the temperature extreame colde for the which it is inhabitable yet there are some habitables like as Scythia and other such Countries vnder the equinoctiall Lyne the intemperature is so extreame hotte because of the right reflexion of the Sunne especially betweene the circle Articke Cancer like as in the Antarticke and Capricorne the aire is more temperate chiefly in the middest according to the approaching of the Sunne as wee see in the foure seasons of the yeere Cardanus sayth that those Countries which are mountainous are most temperate and that a man may liue an hundreth yeeres in such places Plinie sayth that men beastes and trees are farre stronger and more barbarous in hillie partes then in other partes and that for their great libertie Those which dwell in lowe partes and valleyes are more effeminate as sayth Titus Liuius CO. Seeing the ayre is so necessary for the curation of malladies is there no way to alter and accommodate it by arte to the sicknesse LO Yes verily and for this cause Hippocrates counselleth in malladies cronickes to chaunge the ayre and countrie and in maladies commitialles to chaunge the ayre countrie and nouriture Galen counselleth those who haue vlcers in the lightes to dwell at Rome because there the ayre is very drye in common sickenesses wee helpe the ayre somewhat by Arte like as in feuers which are hotte and drie wee chuse a house which is colde and humide diuers windowes for the euentilation thereof or windes made by Arte also by casting colde water through the house by spreading and strawing of flowers and braunches of trees which are colde and humide like as violettes roses wilde vine berrie trees and such like also beware to haue many people in the chamber as counselleth Cardanus But when the sicknesses are cold and humide as feuers putrified catarres hydropises tumors pituitous wee chuse houses which are hotte and drie Also to spread and strawe flowers hearbes braunches of trees which are hotte and drie as cammomile sage lauander marierome spinnage and such like Vnder the signification of the ayre in this place wee vnderstand all manner of windes little and great the which is most necessarie to be considered because they doe not onely alter and chaunge the body but also the spirite It goeth by the nose to the braine by the mouth to the heart by the pores of the skinne and mouing of the arters thorough all the bodie it furnisheth the aliment to our spirites for this cause the diuine Hippocrates noteth that the good and euill disposition of our spirites and humours dependeth of the constitution of the ayre and windes For wee see where there is great trouble varietie of windes the people are arrogant difficill to be gouerned and very cruell CO. Seeing that of the winde these accidentes fall let me knowe what is Winde LO Hippocrates saith it is no other thing but an vnstable motion of the ayre the which beeing stirred by some motion it purgeth CO. What nature is it of LO It is hotte and drie like as it is made of an exhalation hotte and drie CO. Howe many diuers sortes of windes are there LO There are foure principall to wit Eurus from the East hot and drie Zephyrus from the West colde and humide Auster froÌ„ the South hot humide putrifactiue it passeth by the sea Mediterrane Boreas froÌ„ the North cold drie resisting against putrifaction Arist attributeth two collaterall to each of these foure so in all maketh 12. some make two and thirtie like as the Marriners but the exact contemplation of these matters is not much requisite in a Chirurgian Bodin saith in his common wealths that the winds make great varietie in vs for in countries where the wind is violent great the people are turbulent in spirite and there where the woundes are not so violent the people are of a more quiet spirit CO. What meane you by scituation or place LO I meane as to be scituated towards the sea stanks dubbs mosses and such as you haue heard also those who haue no other aspect but eyther to the South which is humide and putrifactiue or to the West which is cold and humide Also to be dwelling in ground which is fat the aire is hot and humide and in ground that is full of Sand hot and drie and in Marsh grounde and Fennes cold and humide or in Stonie grounde which is colde and drie Titus Liuius sayth that the places change the nature of our bodies as those which dwell in Mountaines differ from those which dwell in lowe places also sayth he those places and Countries which are fertill the men are ordinarily Cowards giuen to lust the Countries and places barren the people are more hardie and ingenious quicke spirited Arist sayth those that dwell in cold Regions are proude cruell and barbarous in their manners verie strong in hot countries they are wise and more fearefull those which dwell in low Marsh Countries are dull sleepie the which proceedeth of the disposition of the aire The second Chapter of meate and drinke CO. Seeing the aliment is no lesse to be coÌ„sidered for the preseruatioÌ„ of the health than the aire it is necessarie to know what is aliment with the diuers sorts thereof LO Aliment is that which augmenteth and nourisheth our bodiâ—â— CO. How many kinds of alimentes are there LO There are diuers sorts like as flesh fishes hearbes fruites corne drinke naturall artificiall condimentes simple and compound CO. Are they all vsed after one intention LO No they are of diuers natures and must bee vsed in diuers manners according to the temperature of the bodie as writeth Cardanus CO. What sort of norriture ought we to vse most commonly LO That which nourisheth well ingendreth good iuice of the which Galen his wryting in his bookes of the facultie of Aliments and in the booke of Conseruation of health as also Hipocrates in diuers places CO. In the vsing of Alimentes how many things are there to bee obserued LO Nine to wit the goodnes the quantitie the qualitie the vse and custome the appetite the order the hower the age and time of the yeare CO. First then we must consider that he who woulde haue his bodie entertayned in good health must vse meates
according to nature which maketh the actions of our bodie perfect CO. How many kinds of maladies are there LO Three to wit Intemperiâ— Euill confirmation and Solution of contiâ—â—â—nitie CO. What is Intemperie LO It is a maladie in the similar partes digressing from the owne temperature CO. Howe many wayes is that done LO Two wayes to wit eitheâ— by the simple intemperie by the aboundance of a humor onely as colde hot moist or drie CO. What is Euill confirmation LO It is a vice in the partes organicks eyther in the figure magnitude or scituation as for example that which should be naturally right is oblique so forth as if a part were augmented or diminished contrarie to nature in like maÌ„ner in the number of partes as if a man had sixe fingers or foure also in the scituation or collection as if partes naturally ioyned were disioyned as happeneth in dislocations CO. Which is the third kind of maladie Lo. Solution of contiâ—â—itie both in the similar and organicke parts which hath diuers names according to the varietie of the partes where they are The second Chapter Of the cause of Maladie CO. What is the cause of Maladie LO It is some affection which maketh sickenesse of the which some are externes some internes CO. Which are the externes LO They are called procatarticks or primitiues as strokes falles shot and such like or euill nourriâ—â—r CO. Which are the internes LO They are two to wit anticedents and coniunct CO. Which are the causes antecedents LO Euill humors in the body CO. Which are the causes coniunct LO It is that which maketh the sicknes presently and is alwayes with the sicknes and where the sicknes is not it is absent CO. Howe commeth the cause of maladie LO There are some we haue from the Mothers wombe and from the parents which wee call maladies heriditaries some doe ingender after our birth as by the regiment of life strokes and falles as you haue heard The third Chapter of accidents and Symptomes CO. What is accident or Symptome LO Galen sayth that symptome is any thinge that chaunceth to man by nature so the causes interne of sicknesses may bee called Symtomes CO. How many kinde of Symptomes are there LO Three to wit the first is when the action is offended which may be done three waies that is eyther abolished diminished or deprauated as for example in blindnes the sight is abolished dimished as suffocation as happeneth in the beginning of Catarack deprauated as for a certaine time as in changing the simple affection of our body or the whole habitude from one extremitie to another as the naturall heate into inflamatioÌ„ the scabs of the flesh into leprosie the third is in the vice of the excremeÌ„ts by immoderat retention or expulsion as the Hemorhoides the purgations of women the vrines these or any of these retayned or euacuated ouermuch maketh great accidents and so we end this treatise THE FOVRTH TREATISE OF tumors or aposthumes against nature in generall which contaynes XIII Chapters Written by Peter Low arellian Doctor in Chirurgerie and Chirurgian ordinarie to the King of France and Nauair Of tumors in generall Chapter 1 Of Phlegmon Chapter 2 Of furuncle Chapter 3 Of Anthraâ— or Carbunele Chapteâ— 4 Of gangrene or hâ—stiomen Chapter 5 Of Sphasell Chapter 6 Of tumors bilions Chapter 7 Of Herpes Chapter 8 Of tumors petuitoâ—s Chapter 9 Of flatâ—ons tumors Chapter 10 Of â—â—heorâ—ma steâ—tema mellericeris Chapter 11 Of melancholicke tumors Chapter 12 Of Cancer Chapter 13 The first Chapter of the causes signes and curation of Aposthumes in generall COinteret Now it is neceslarie wee come to the exercise of Chirurgerie for the more sure vnderstanding of the same wherein wee will begin at tumors er aposthumes against nature demaunding first of you what is an aposthume LO It is a disease composed of three diuers maladies to wit euill coÌ„plexioÌ„ in the similar parts euill composition or constitutioÌ„ in the instrumeÌ„tall parts dissolutioÌ„ of coÌ„tinuity in both similar instrumentall parts offeÌ„ding the actioÌ„s of the meÌ„ber where it is CO. What is the cause of Apostumes LO Some are generals and some are specials CO. Which is the generall cause LO Either fluxion or congestion CO. What is fluxion It is a mouing of the humors of the body to some certaine part the which either by the quantitie or qualitie or both together may not be receyued by the parte without offence CO. Which are the causes of fluxion LO They are double to witte eyther in the parte or partes that sende or in the parte or partes that receiue CO. Howe is the fluxion made in the part that sendeth LO When the facultie retentiue of the part is ouercharged with humors which offend either in quantitie qualitie or both for then the part dischargeth it selfe by the vertue expultrix chiefly when it is strong also when the parte that sendeth hath connexion with the part that receiueth or when the patt that receiueth is inferior to the part that sendeth or if the said partes haue any sympathie togâ—â—her as the stomacke with the braine CO. Which are the causes in the partes that receyue LO They are diuers as weaknes not hauing force to repell or driue them elsewhere the vesselles and conduites large where the matter doth passe or else because it is soft in substance and so easie to receiue sometime for the dolor which maketh attraction of the matter from the partes neare to it or great heate which draweth and prouoketh fluxion CO. What is congestion LO It is a masse of matter contrarie to the nature ingendred of the superfluities of the thirde concoction of the aliment and foode which are distributed for the nouriture of the parts of the bodie which chauÌ„ceth when the aliment is not so digested as it may well be appropriated to the part which shoulde be nourished CO. Which are the causes of congestion LO They are either imbecillitie of the facultie concoctrix of the part that it can not digest that which is sent to it by nature for the nouriture of it or imbecillitie of the facultie expultrix that can not expell the superfluities that resteth commonly in the partes CO. By what meanes knowe you the tumors made by fluxion and congestion LO The tumors made by fluxions are with great dolor rednes pulsation and make the degrees faster than the other which are done by congestion Those which are done by congestion gâ—owe little and little and doe diminish in like manner when they come to their declination CO. Which are the speciall causes of aposthumes LO Three to wit primitiue antecedent and coniunct CO. Which are the primitiue causes LO They are external causes as falles strokes and other externall violences which moue the humors of our body also great heate of the aire or meate or drinke taken ouer hot or ouer cold CO. which are the causes antecedent LO They are internall not knowne
roses and mirtlâ—es a little myrhe and aristolochia washing often the sore with oximell If neede require to vse more strong remedies take egipciac and mixe therewith a little arsenic or orpiment and put in the scarrifications which remedies must bee vsed with good iudgement noting where the gangren ceaseth The furie of the maladie being past cause the scarre to fall with honey butter and yolkes of egges If none of these preuaile but that the gangren becometh in sphasell we must vse the like cure as in sphasell for the safetie of the rest of the bodie The sixt Chapter of Sphasell VVEE must heere consider the differences betweene Gangren Sphasell for Gangren is the Latin word and is a mortification of all the partes where it hapneth sauing the bones and is cureable but Sphasell or â—â—deration is a mortification both of soft and solide partes and is no wayes remedied but by amputation it is called the fire of S. Anthonie or S. Martiall The cause is as you haue heard in Gangren ioyned with an euill disposition of the bodie and an humor venemous which commonly corrupteth the bone afore it make any externall showe sometime it proceedeth of olde vlcers that haue bene long orpressed with rotten matter and so corrupteth the bone causeth mortification also biting of vipers mad dogges The signes are these the member waxeth blacke as it were burnt afterwardes rotten which in shorte time ouercommeth the whole bodie the skinne doth come froÌ„ the fleshe The Iudgementes are that it is for the most part incureable and the patient dieth in a colde sweat The cure in so much as may be consisteth onely in amputation of the member which shall bee done in this manner for the friendes must first be aduertised of the danger because often death ensueth as you haue heard either for apprehension weakensse or fluxe of bloud For this cause the learned Celsus calleth it a miserable remedie yet we vse it by reason in so doing there is some hope and in not vsing of it there is none but sodaine death for better it is to loose one member then the whole bodie After this wee must apply on the place of amputation for there is diuersitie of opinions Hippocrates and some others counsell to cutte in the ioynte for it is more easie to be done and also the marrow is not discouered as in other partes and the fluxe of bloud is not so great Others thinke it best to cut foure inches from the ioynt either aboue or vnder according to the putrifaction which is both more easie and sure then in the ioynt For these and sundry other circumstances I aduise to cut foure inches from the ioynt in all amputacions sauing onely if the mortification or riuing of the bone end in the ioynt theÌ„ it may be cut in the ioynt chiefly in the knees but wheresoeuer you make your amputacion remember to cut rather a little of the whole then to leaue any of the infected for if any remaine it infecteth the rest and so requireth newe amputacion The place of amputacion noted we situate the sicke after a fitte maÌ„ner hauing respect both to the nature and qualitie of the parte and to our owne commoditie then you shall haue two men to holde the patient next the Chirurgian shall commaund the sicke to bend and put out the member to the ende the skin veines arters may be the more lengthened that after the amputacion they be more apparent so be knitte or canterized That being done the Chirurgian shall pull vp the skin muscles as much as he can afterwardes he shall take a strong ribband and bind the member fast aboue the place two inches where the amputacion shall be The vse of this ribband is diuers first it holdeth the member hard that the instrumeÌ„t may cutte more surely secondly that the feeling of the whole part is stupified rendred insensible thirdly the fluxe of bloud is stayed by it fourthly it holdeth vp the skin and muscles which couer the bone after it is loosed and so maketh it more easie to heale The bandage thus made we cut the fleshe with a rasor or knife that is somewhat crooked like a hooke the flesh being cut to the bone it must be scraped with the backe of the saide knife made purposely for that effect to the ende the periost that couereth the bone be not painefull in cutting the bone otherwise it teareth with the sawe and causeth great dolor and also letteth the cutting This done sawe the bone being cut we loose the ligature and draw downe the skin to couer the bone in all parts If there be great putrifactioÌ„ let it bleede a little for that dischargeth the part so is lesse subiect to inflamation then we put the extremities of the fingers on the orifices of the great veines and arters to stay them from bleeding till we either knit or canterize them one after another as shall be thought expedient Where there is putrifaction we stay the fluxe of bloud by canters actuall where there is no putrifaction nor malignitie of humor we vse the ligature The canter or actuall fire maketh a scale stayeth the bleeding draweth to it consumeth the malignitie virulencie of the humor which is in the part so in that point is better then knitting by reason that in knitting we loose much bloud and by drawing the veines bâ—â—ick decourbing or other instrument they doe breake also being knit doe often vnloose so I find the fire more expedient being done in this maâ—ner We must haue three or foure little instrumentes of iron crooked at the ende the point in forme of a button made red hot which wee take and apply on the veines one after another holding them a certaine space till the scale be made yet not burning much of the veine In amputacion without putrifaction I find the ligature more expedient being done thus first thou shalt holde thy fingers on the veines and in the other let one loose and take hold of it with thy beck de corbing or other meet instrument taking a little flesh with it then put through a needle with a stroÌ„g threed knit with a double knot tying a little of the flesh with the veine which will make it hold the better but if this slip as oft it happeneth yee shall doe in this manner first in putting through the needle begin in the vtter skinâ— an ynch aboue the wound by the side of the veine cause it come out a crosse in the wounde by the side of the veine yet lower down than the orifice thereof then put through your needle in the other side of the veine through the wounde cause it come out of the wound on the skin an inch broade from the place it went in then knit it hard putting a little peece of cloth doubled betwixt the two threads to the end the knot enter not
album cum camphora also the cataplasme of Barley flower Lyn-seede sodden in Hydromell or oxycrate putting to it a little pouder of Camomill and oyle of Roses remember that all these remedies must bee liquide often remoued and the place well cleansed that no thing remaine on it If it come to a bile or vlcer cure it as Herpes The eight Chapter of Herpes HErpes is a little vlcer accompanied with tumor which proceedeth of the pure bilious humor without mixture of any other humors It occupieth most commonly the extremities and outward partes of the skinne and is comprehended vnder erisipelas like as formica and impetigo which are called commonly chollericke pustulles There are three kindes of it the first is made of the thinne cholar which burneth onely the skinne and is called simply Herpes the second is made of a more thicke choler which vlcereth a great part of the skinne and is called Herpes depascens by reason that it eateth and consumeth the skinne the third kinde is made of choller and pituite together accompanied with some malignitie as commonly happeneth to those who are infected with the neapolitane disease and is called by our auncientes Herpes miliaris because the pustull is little like the graine called milium The pustulles haue diuers denominations some call them papula or eruptions pituiteous others call them ecthimâ—ta others call them apenthemata The cause signes differ not from those which ye haue heard in the precedent Chapter As for the cure it consisteth in three partes first in staying the fluxion by euacuation vniuersall and prouocation of vrine and good dyet as ye haue heard in erisipelas secondly in euacuating that which is in the place by such thinges as haue the vertue to discusse digerre and drie lightly and not humect as in erisâ—pelas Then in the beginning we shall vse vine leaues plantaine gooseberrie leaues arnoglosse putting thereto a litle barley flowre with some honie Furthermore the barke of the pomegarnet dissolued in wine with a little fine flowre made in forme of a cataplasme is good The third intention is in drying vp of the vlcer by reason that all vlcers whatsoeuer require deâ—â—cation by gentle medicaments excepting alwayes the maligne vlcers and in them we vse more shrong and mordicant remedies first we shall vse fomentations of roses and plantaine sodden in wine or water and an vnguent made of oyle of walnuttes and waxe thereafter washed in smithes water also the vnguent cerusse or this vnguent thus made Rec. vnguent populeonis cerat refrigentis Galeni cerussae an dram one dim litargyri 3. ounces olei rosacei 1. ounce malaxentur omnia simul et fiat vnguentum The other pustulles like as formica and impetigo be cured commonly by generall euacuations other defedations of the skinne which proceede of the humor melancholicke or chollericke are cured by vniuersall euacuations by sweating and bathing and by applying some vnguent on the part affected as vnguent enulat putting thereto sometime a little mercurie This vnguent is most excellent for this purpose as also for the itch which happeneth to young children Take elle campagne rootes and seethe them in the iuice of plantaine fumitorie yolkes of egges hogges grease or fresh butter being all mingled together put thereto a little brimstone well puluerized with oyle of hypericon so make an vnguent of good consistance The ninth Chapter of tumors which proceede of the pituite and first of Edema HAuing amply spoken of the two hot tumors as also of those which doc commonly come of them nowe in like manner we shall shew of the two colde humors the one ingendred of melancholie the other of phlegme or pituite Edema is a soft tumor without dolor white coloured Of it there are two sortes like as of phlegmon the one is the true naturall Edema ingendred of the pure phlegmaticke humor the other is bredde of the phlegme mixed with the other three humors taketh diuers names according to the principall humor as ye haue heard And like as there are two sortes of it so it may bee named two wayes to witte either maladie or symptome of maladie as happeneth in the feete of those which are hydropicke and haue bene long sicke which are accidents of these maladies and require no particular curation sauing onely rubbing of the part with oyle salt or water and salt or oxycrat in wetting a cloth therein laying on it The cause is a phlegmaticke vaporious fluxion of humors pituitous and flatuous in any part of the body as also imbecillitie of the part which can neither digest nor expell that which is contrarie also great idlenesse The tokens are these the tumor is soft colde in pressing on it with the fingers there remaineth a hole and riseth not againe it is cleare and not dolorous and happeneth oftenest in the weakest parts as in the ioynts and glandulles and in the extremities as in the face and feete in colde weather and in olde folkes or after maladies in people that are full of humors and make no exercise This tumor turneth seldome to matter except in hot places by reason the matter is cold it endeth often by resolution sometime it turneth to schirre or nodosities or some other kinde of cold abscesse and that by the great vsage of digestiues which make the matter waxe hard In the cure there are two pointes to be obserued first to diuert the fluxion by remedies that haue the vertue to cleanse the pituite humor as Diaphenicon Catholicon Diacartami agaric such like for the administration of the which you shall vse the counsell of rhe learned Physition also in dyet in the sixe vnnaturall thinges tending to heate and drought eate rosted meates rather then sodden but in little quantitie abstayne from all thinges that breede phlegme as fruites potages cheese fish hearbes water sadnesse and much sleepe drinke wine with little water and vse bread that is well baked vse things to corroborate the principall partes Abstaine from women espeacially if the sicke be weake yet wee finde the vsage of women to be good in maladies pituitous for that heateth and drieth vse sildome bleeding in this disease The second intention consisteth in taking away that which is in the place which is in the place which shall bee done according to the times and degrees of the tumor first we shall vse medicines repercussiues and discutients which shal be meane and not strong Galen doth much commend oxicrate in this case by reason the vineger repelleth by the colde vertue and resolueth by the drie vertue if it he not sufficient mixe with a fewe ashes of the oake tree sal nitre or quicke lyme also the emplaister di vigo or a fomentation of camomille melilot rosemary sage wormewood Origan hyssope redde roses of each one handfull one ounce and halfe an
Mercurie egiptiac or such like thereafter incarnate and close the wound as in others Some vse only resolutiues on these tumors but such things are both tedious and vncertaine The twelfth Chapter of tumors ingendred of the Melancholick humor called by the Latins atra bilis or nigra cholera and first of Schirre SEing we haue suffitiently spoken of tumors ingendered of the sanguine chollerick and pituitous humor now it resteth to speake of those which proceede of melancholy called tumor Schirrus by reason the Greeke word Schirr signifieth hardnes Schirre is a tumor hard with litle or no dolor or feeling whereof there are two kindes the one is called the true Schirre exquisite the other is falles The true is as ye haue head the false is altogether without feeling yet hardly may it bee perceiued There is an other sort of Schirre ingendred of a phlegmaÌ„tick thick tough matter and is composed of an humor thick and cold The cause is a cold drie humor either of matter melancholick phlegmatick or both for first when the blood is made in the liuer there is ingendred in it a malancholicke humor which is like the dreggs of wine which afterwards is drawen to the milt for the nouriture thereof specially by the vsage of such meates as are apt to make the same and the milt weake to draw the same then it goeth into the veines and is mingled with the blood which by there vertue expuitrix expell it by the Hemorrhoides or varices sometime disperseth it through the skin and breedeth the Morphew or Leprosie Sometime it is caste on the most weake partes and according to the place and qualities of the humor breedeth eyther Schirre or Cancer If it bee cast on any drie part as ligamentes tendons ioyntes ends of the muscles or in the milt kidneis lyuer or matrix it causeth Schir If it bee cast on the softe partes as partes glandules as the pappes the emunctoires and face and the priuie partes it maketh cancer The cause also maye bee sadnesse suppression of the Hemorrhoides and menstruous purgations also by too much applying of cold medicines on tumors as erisipelas or phlegmon for by that meanes the most subtill doth resolue and the rest doth become hard The signes are these the tumor is hard and groweth slowly of colour liuide when it commeth of melancholie when of phlegme it is white and when of both humors together it is of a mixed colour as liuide and white and insensible because the humor is so thicke and drie which closeth the conduites of the nerues so that the animall spirite is inclosed in such sort that the part hath no feeling Those which haue no feeling are altogether incureable those that haue any feeling if they be taken in the beginning may be helped in some sort but hardly those which come to suppuration degendreth easily into schirre The Cure consisteth in three thinges first in diet tending to heat and humiditie abstayning from anger sadnesse feare and venerian exercise the second point consisteth in euacuating the matter antecedent by purgations bleeding by prouocation of the flowers hemerhoides the third point is to euacuate that which is contayned in the place which is done by things remollientes and resoluentes like as the grease of hennes cockes calues or geese also guÌ„me armoniac stirax galbanum rootes of althea lillies camomill of these we make liniments and cataplasmes also the emplaister of Diachilon magnum et album de vigo with double mercurie Galen commendeth goates dirt to bee an excellent remedie to discusse tumors schirrous Sometimes it happeneth in the tendons and then it is healed by perfumes made thus Take the stone called pyrâ—â—es or any other stone that is red hotte and quench it in strong vineger and then receiue the smoake on the sore part then apply remollientes sometime after the perfume the guÌ„me ammoniac dissolued in vineger is good and must be vsed with great discretion If none of these serue and it tende to suppuration we must not vse too hotte remedies to stirre it by reasoÌ„ it degendreth easily into Cancer for the which haue recourse to the next Chapter In some partes it may bee cut so yee cut all and leaue nothing adherent to the whole partes nor no roote of it For the great fluxe of bloud which happhneth either knit the veines or staunch it with canters actuall the which is dangerous when it occupieth the internall partes for the which Hippocrates forbiddes to seeke the exquisite cure of the occult Cancers The thirteenth Chapter of Cancer which the Greekes call Carsimonia VVE must vnderstand that Cancer is comprehended vnder the tumor Schirrous yet there is great difference for in Cancer there is great dolor punction and pulsation which is not in schirre it groweth sooner and hath great veines about it Cancer in Latine is the sore of a beast Guido saith it is called Cancer either by reason it sticketh to the parte like the fish Cancer or because it is round and hath veines about it like the feete of a Crabbe and is also like vnto it being liuide of colour as also because it gnaweth eateth and goeth like this fish It is a tumor inequall hauing the sides hard eminent turned and dolorous There are two kindes of it vlcered and not vlcered the vlcered is immobill hot by accident hauing many veines about it like the feete of Cancer the not vlcered is called Cancer occult The cause of it is a melancholicke humor drie not onely in the part as schirre but also in the veines about it the which by continuation of time maketh it more sharpe and maligne whereof commeth Cancer vlcered also euill diet vsing of thinges that breed thicke corrupted bloud with other such causes as ye haue heard in the precedent Chapter the debilitie of the milte and weakenes of the part These tumors for the most part are ingendred in womens pappes chiefly in those who haue great very fleshie pappes by reason they are glandulous and colde of themselues they breede also in the conduites of women lippes nose eyes eares roofe of the mouth legges handes and fundament by reason those partes are weake haue little naturall heate The signes are dolor tumor and they seeme soft but in touching are hard the vlcers inequal sordides the sides swelled horrible to looke on pale coloured euill sauoured by reason of the humor which is most sordide and stinking As for the iudgement those in the stomacke head shoulders necke and vnder the armes are all incureable because these places can not be cut for the great fluxe of bloud which may happen in them Some are little vlcered some much some recent others inueterate some in one parte and some in another some more maligne then others and for the most part are incureable It hath diuers denominations according
most part in the dry neruous parts but chiefly on the head and ioyntes on the hands feete The causes are strokes and wearines of the ioynts such other as ye haue heard in Aâ—â—â—roma as also the signes The cure first consisteth in good diet eschewing al meates which ingender grosse humors eate of things of good digestion abstaine from drinking of water purge bleede haunt no humide place as for the pâ—rticular remedies we must vnderstand that this humor is sometime inclosed in the membraine in that procede as in Aâ—â—â—â—oma sometime it is not inclosed and theÌ„ we may applye a cake of leade rubbed with quicksiluer or an emplaster resolutine made of galbanum ammoniac oyle of lillies and bayes brimstone virioll roman calcined Sometimes it is with corruption of the bone in that case the humor must be euacuated and the exfoliatioÌ„ of bone procured as ye shal heare in the chapter of vlcers with corruptioÌ„ of the bone For diuers other diseases of the head haue your recourse to heurnius demorbis capitis The third Chapter of the tumor in the eye called Lippitudo and Opthalmia in Greeke OPthalmia is an inflamatioÌ„ of the whole eye but chiefly of the membraine called coniunctiue with great rednes dolor The cause is either externall or internall the externall as strokes heate dust winde great cold rubbing or some moate in the eye the internall â—ause is defluxion of the humors being nere to the braines as also the veins externe interne of the head wherof procedeth fluxioÌ„ also the sanguine humor chollerick or phlegmatick which asceÌ„deth to the head The signs are manifest like as great inflamatioÌ„ rednes heat of the eies teÌ„ples dolor repletioÌ„ of the veins hardnes this sicknes hath 4. degrees like as other tumors hapneth ofteÌ„ to yoÌ„g childreÌ„ others who haue weake eies which is the cause that they are subiect to the fluxioÌ„ of humors The iudgmeÌ„ts are the matter of this is somtime hot otherwhiles cold and those which happeÌ„ in winter are the worse theÌ„ those which happeÌ„ in SoÌ„mer if they be neglected euill handled there follow euill accideÌ„ts as spots rupture of the cornea and diuers others If the dolor be vehement it is daÌ„gerous for corruptioÌ„ corrosion of the cornea As for the curatioÌ„ there are 3. things to be obserued the first is good diet eate litle chiefly at night abstaine froÌ„ al vaporous things al euil digestioÌ„ fishes fruits spices salt humide things abide neither in great darknes nor too much light for great light dissipeth the spirit sometime causeth blindnes as we read of the soldiors of Xenophanes who through going long in the snow became almost al blind Also Dioniâ—â—â—s tiraÌ„t of Sicil made blind his prisoÌ„ers after this sort first he imprisoÌ„ed theÌ„ long in a very dark place theÌ„ he brought them suddeÌ„ly into a great light so made theÌ„ all blind All colors are not expedieÌ„t for the sight the white dissipeth the spirits draweth them to it the black maketh them too dul there is nâ— color that coÌ„forteth the sight but grene blew violet which nature sheweth vs in the compositioÌ„ of the eye for the tunic vâ—e a sheweth the greene blewe of the part that looketh to the humor custalline Endeuor to be laxatiue walke not too much beware of al perturbâ—ons of the spirit from smoake and dust and blowing of Alchymie for both it hurteth the eye and consumeth the substance maketh men miserable both in bodie and goods hold vp thy head and abstayne from wine and women and such like as yee may perceiue by these verses of the learned Gordoniu Haec occulis multum sol puluis fumus et aestus Ventus cum fletu vina Venusque nocent Acria ne mandas nec quae sunt plena vaporum Nec caepas lentes allia poâ—ra fabas The second intention consisteth in euacuating diuerting the humor by pilles clisters bleeding of the veine Cephalicke ventouseing on the shoulders frictions on the thighes legges and extremities also by opening the veine and arters of the temples The third intention is in the topicall remedies as collyrs of diuers sorts according to the diuorsitie of the degree and time of the apostume as in the beginning of the inflamation take plantaine and rose water of each halfe an ounce two whites of egges and a little fennell water womens milke the muâ—ilages of hipsileon with a little trochistes of rasis sine opio a litilt caiphure put of thiis in the eye and at night make a cataplasme of an apple rosted and lay on the eye or this remedie which I haue often prooued not onely in the opthalmie but diuers other maladies of the eyes Take two ounces of white wine as much rose water and euphrage halfe a crownes waight of Tutie prepared as much of aloes 3. or 4. leaues of Massi put all in a violl and stoppe it close set it three weckes in the sunne instill thereof in the eyes In the meane time vse emplaisters on the temples of mastick de bolo et contra rupturam and such like to stay the fluxion For the great dolor vse the roasted apple with a little womens milk or a little plantaine water put betweene two clothes likewise for the vehement dolor the bloud of a pigeon or henne vnder the winges instilled is verie good there are diuers other remedies whereof we shall intreat more at length in the poore mans guide like as also of Egilops and Enchilops with diuers other maladi-s of the eyes The fourth Chapter of the tumors in the eares THere come many grieuous diseases in the eares sometime outwardly and sometime inwardly occupying sometime the whole eare sometime a part thereof The cause is an hotte humor and biting descending from the nerues of the fift coniugation with the dura mater dispersed in the conduite of the eare sometime a vaporous spirite cold thicke humor which maketh difficultie of hearing and sometime deafenes The Signes are manifest The iudgementes young people are more grieuously tormented then olde and die often afore it come to suppuration and that within 7. dayes by reason of the great accidents as feuer lightnesse sounding In old folkes it commeth oft to suppuration yet the dolor is verie vehement by reason of the nerue of the fift coniugation also for the membranes and propinquitie of the braines nature hath giuen it an exquisite feeling The cure consisteth in remedies vniuersall and particular vniuersall as good dyet abstayning from wine and all strong drinke and fumie bleeding of the veine Cephalicke and vsing of clysters or some gentle medicines according to the humor as ye haue heard in Opthalmi As for particular remedies they differ not much from others except that we vse no repercussiues abstayne from all cold remedies by reason of
the nerue which is deepe and hollowe If the dolor bee vehement with heate vse oyle of roses mirtles and cidoniorum with a little vineger mixe all together and drop a little in the eare cattes water distilled is good as saith Quersitanus If it tend to suppuration handle it as other apostumes The fifth Chapter of the Tumor that commeth behinde the eares called Parotides NAture hath placed by the rootes of the eares certaine little glands to the ende they may receiue the vennemous matter deposed by the braines Parotides is an inâ—â—amation or apostume of the glands behind the eares The cause is the humor which easily descendeth from the head partly because nature hath ordeined them for receptacles as ye haue heard and by reason they are soft colde and the passages large that bring the humor Sometime the cause commeth of the whole bodie like as in crise of feuer it may come of any one of the foure humors or all mixed together which may easily be knowne by the accidents The signes are tumor dolor vehement feuer pulsation with such other as yee haue heard in tumors The Iudgementes are that those by crisis without signe of maturation are euill and if it goe to the internall partes it is for the most part mortall as saith Auicen The Cure generall is to vse clisters bleeding in the veine Cephalicke vsing good dyet eating thinges of light digestion not vaporous abstayning from strong drinke the particular remedies differ not from the cure of other apostumes except that we vse no repercussiues but onely maturatiues attractiues and anodiues and some digerents in the beginning like as oyle of lillies Iris camomill bitter almondes with sheepes wooll or a cataplasme of digerent hearbes It is best not to abide the perfect suppuration but so soone as may be to cause it open for by that meanes the venemous vapor doth dissippe the dolor ceaseth and nature doth more easily discharge It may bee opened by canter or lancet but beware of the nerue veine and arters for the great accidentes that happen Being openeed it must be cured by suppuratiues mundificatiues incarnatiues and desiccatiues as ye haue heard in others The sixt Chapter of the Tumors in the nose called Sarcoma Ozena and Polypus THe nose is a part of the bodie by the which the braines doth discharge the excrements in the which do chauÌ„ce three kindes of maladies yet not much different the first is called Sarcoma which is an excrescence of fleshe against nature the second is called Ozena which is most dangerous ill sauoured the third is called Polypus which differeth not froÌ„ Sarcoma sauing that it is not so great Polypus is a tumor which proceedeth of the bone ethomides and sticketh fast to it The cause is rotten humor thicke and viscous which commeth from the head The signes are manifest to the sight and by the narration of the sicke The Iudgementes are these that which is hard and blacke must not be touched that which is soft may bee healed if the excrescence be white and soft without dolor it is easie to heale if it be redde and browne with dolor it is very difficill if it occupie both sides of the nose either the sicke sleepeth with open mouth or else he suffoketh The cure is most diffâ—cill as I haue oft seene and better it were to vse remedies palliatiues then to aduenture any perfect cure yet the cure in so much as may be is by vniuersall remedies as purging and bleeding and in good dyet Fuchâ—ns counselleth to rubbe the head with such things as haue vertue to corroborate drie the braines The particular remedies shall be according to the Tumor which is sometime hard otherwhiles soft the soft must be taken away with instrument or canter or some causticke pouder as pouder vitrioll mercurie arsenit allom spuma aeris atramentum sutorium ye may mixe any of these pouders with some vngueÌ„t anodine or honey vse deâ—ensiues for the inflamation vnguent pompholigs with a little balaust is good Also this water Rec. bolaustiorum corticis malorum granatorum an lib. 1. gelangae caudae equinae linguae passerinae et herâ—iariae an manip di radic bis tortae 4. vnc sumitatuÌ„ piri siluest manip di contundantur simul distilleutur fiaâ—â—aqua de qua frequenter abluat nares adde to it a little Allum If eyther this or the other which is harde degender into an vlcer cancrous touch it not but vse such remedies as ye shal heare in the vlcer Cancrons The seauenth Chapter of the tumor in the mouth called Vunla or Columella THe mouth as sayth Gordon is the instrument of voice in beastes and speaking in men in the which happen diuers grieuous and dangerous passions but we wil intreat of those which are moste daungerous beginning with Vunla which is called in our tongue the pap of the mouth Nature being prouident that nothing should offend hath placed in the roufe of the mouth this little peece of fleshe for diuers reasons first that we may pronounce and sâ—eake clearer for which cause it is called plectrum vocis also that the aire enter not in the trachearter till the force and impetuositie of the cold be corrected for we see in those who waÌ„t it haue both deformity of speach refrigiratioÌ„ on the lightes Vunla is an inflamation or aposthume either in forme long and is called Columella that is like a piller or like vnto the vine berrie called Vua The cause is eyther interne or externe the interne are hot humors which come from the head and cause an inflamation also asceÌ„ding from the stomacke as happeneth in rotten feuers in like manner of abundance of blood The cause externe is cold Cough excessiue eating and drinking at vnacostomed howers chiefly at night The signes are manifest to the sight chiefly in pressing downe the tongue accompanyed with dolor and feuer paine to swallow any thing the sick thinketh that he hath alwayes something in his mouth The iudgmentes are that sometime it falleth so much that it filleth vp the whole throate so the sick suffofoketh in case it be not quickely cutte if it be cutte altogether the patient waxeth dumbe or at least speaketh so as he may not be vnderstoode and his drinke doth auoyde by the nose which accidents I did see in a Chanon of S. Honorie in Paris who was my patient The Cure consisteth first in the forme of dyet tending to colde and drie vsing meates of light digestion drinking no strong not fumie drinke often vsing of clisters and bleeding in both the armes if ye perceiue plenitude ventouses on the shoulders and opening the head with scaâ—rifications frictions on the necke opening of the veines vnder the toungue The particular remedies shall onely be plantaine rose or common water with a little vineger
wash thy mouth therewith holding it a while therein Or this take barley plantaine shepheardes purse the barke of the pomegarnet of each one a little and seethe them in water putting thereto after it be strayned a little syrrop of violettes or roses and vse it as the former Or this pouder made of Allum balaust terra sigillata roses redde sugar mixed all together and put in a little instrument meete for that purpose to apply it to the sore the like may bee done with a little pepper and salte brayed together as also water of allom If by none of these the greatnesse doth diminish it must either be cutte with sheeres or burned with canâ—er actuall or consumed with causticke medicaments like as oyle of vâ—trioll strong water pouder of coters The best remedie which I haue found in this disease is cutting of it with the sheeres thereafter wash the mouth with oxicrate or some astringent water or redde wine mixed with allom water Sometime it tendeth to suppuration which if it happen cure it with gargarismes and such other remedies expedient for vlcers in these partes if all this fayleth haue recourse to the poore mans guide The eight Chapter of the Tumor of the of the Amigdalles called by the Greekes Parisâ—himia by Latines Tonsilla AT the roote of the tongue Nature hath placed two little glandes like vnto almondes for which cause they are called Amigdalles are there placed for diuers reasons but chiefely for receyuing the humiditie of the braines which if it fell onely on the toungue would trouble the speech and also that the toungue should be moistned with some humiditie otherwise it should become drie in speaking The Cause is great aboundance of viscous humiditie mordicant which commeth from the head drinking of strong and fumie drinke walking morning and euening when the dewe is fallen also great aboundance of bloud and sometime in children through the bitternesse of the milke The signes are euident to the sight chiefely in pressing downe the tongue The Iudgementes are dolor feuer accompanied with such inflamation which causeth the sicke to suffocke The Cure consisteth in good dyet eate little and of light digestion abstayne from all strong drinke as in other inflamations vse clisters bleeding in the arme as also the veines vnder the tongue vse ventouses and frictions on the necke gargarismes refrigeratiues and desiccatiues If it apostume as often happeneth it must be opened with a lancet if the Tumor doth so augment that the sicke is in danger to suffocke theÌ„ thou shalt make incision on the trachearter betwixt the thirde and fourth ring cutting onely the membrane that holdeth them together and not the proper substance of the cartilage so the ayre shall auoid put in a tente of siluer that is hollow into it till the inflamation be past thereafter close vp the wound This was practised by Andrew Scot one of the King of Scotlands Chirurgions in Paris most cuÌ„ningly To doe this operation thou shalt holde backeward the patients head lift vp the skinne with the hand and cutte it in length so the membrane shall bee discouered then make your incision with a Bistorie in the said place during which time vse externally medicamets about the necke that are made of barley flower lint seede and fenegrec with such like as shall be found most expedient according to the degree of the maladie It is good to vse this remedie which hath vertue to close the soft partes drie vp the pituitous humor which is fallen on the part and hath the vertue to soften the glands interne as also to loose and is thus made Rec. nidi hirundinis 3. vnc pulueris nucum cupressi 1. vnc rosarum 1. vnc se accipiantur cum oximelite fiat cataplasma This operation of incision is very dangerous if it bee not well made by reason of the fluxe of bloud which often doth happen as also for the nerues which passe that way I cured an apothecarie in Paris after this method and he healed sometime it degenereth into Schirre and then it must not be touched but by remedies palliatiues The ninth Chapter of the Tumor in the throat called by the Greeks Schinanch by Latines Angina or Strangulatio ANgina is an apostume or inflamation of the interior muscles of the throat whereof there are foure kindes the first is great inflamation in the throat the second is a humor contayned behinde the Amigdalles which hindereth swallowing sometime suffocketh the third is great tumor and inflamation toward the chinne both externally and internally the fourth kind is when the vertebres of the necke goe out of their place whereupon the tongue retireth froÌ„ the proper scituation with difficultie of breathing The cause is either great cold ayre vsage of colde drinke also it proceedeth of multitude of humors not of all the body but of the head and partes neere to it The Signes are difficultie of breathing feuer dolor in the throat The Iudgements are these if it come sodainly through a feuer without any apparance outwardly in the neck it is mortal The Cure consisteth in remedies vniuersall and particular the generall shall bee in ordering good fourme of life in the sixe vnnaturall things eate little drinke ptisan sleepe little vse clisters and some light purgations bleede in the veines cephalicks in both the armes also in the veines vnder the tongue The particuler remedies are to vse frictions ventouâ—es with scarifications on the shoulders application of hot bread to diuertise the humor with this liment on the neck vnguent refrigeratine oyle of camomill Lillies and violets with a little hennes greace therafter apply sheepes woll on it as it coÌ„meth froÌ„ the sheepe in the meane time gargarize the mouth with plantiue water vineger or whay or with this that followeth take barley plantine pimpernell chereuill and seeth altogether after the â—bullition put to it a little Diamoron or honey of Roses Diuers other remedies are set downe by Paulus Mesues Or this Re. aquae solani plantaginis caprifolij an lib. se aceti vnc se diamoron vnc 3. fiat gargarisma If it turn to suppuration vse this gargarisme take the rootes of mallowes and althea sorrell and lyn-seede of euerye one a little boyle it in Cowes milke putting thereto a little of the musilages of Psilion which thou shalt hold a certaine space in the mouth the matter being become to maturitie open it with a lancet thereafter this cleansing gargarisme composed of decoction of barley honey and sirupe of roses being cleansed ad to the said decoctioÌ„ a litle allum balanse and mirrhe sicatrize the wound All this time kepe good diet and abstaine froÌ„ womeÌ„ beware the matter take not the course to the lyghtes which is most dangerous If any bone or pycke bee in the throate ye shall vse the remedie set down in the poore
mans guide which is most excellent and easie to be had The tenth Chpter of the tumor which commeth at the roote of the teeth called Epulides EPulides is a tumor or excrescence of flesh which commeth at the rootes of the teeth or betweene them in great quantitie chiefly about the teeth called molâ—res it augmenteth by little and little The cause is a sharpe biting humor which commeth from the head stomacke as chaunceth in putride feuers by the euill vapors which ascendeth and corrodeth the gummes it happeneth also after vlcers in the mouth chiefly to those who haue beene ill cured of the Neopolitane sickenesse The Signes are manifest to the sight touch as saith Auicen The Iudgmentes are that sometime it is as great as an egge sometime it groweth to both the iawes in such sorte that the mouth cannot open The topical remedies consist in vsage of thinges discutient as decoction seminis lini such like sometime it suppureth and then cure it as in others ye haue heard Sometime it neither suppureth nor discusseth and then yee shall proceede as I did in Paris to a Gentlemans boy who had his mouth so growen together on both sides that nothing almost could enter therein and it was in this wise First I made incision and cutte the most part of the excrescence so consumed the rest with causticke powders and produced the cicatrice and he healed To others I haue knitte the excrescence with a threede the which I finde more sure and not to be feared neither for fluxe of bloud nor inflammation that which remained after the threede was fallen I consumed it with pouder of mercurie allom vitrioll aqua fortis and such like Sometime this Tumor is hard and schirrous for the which ye must vse palliatiues as in the Chapter of Schirre As for the maladies of the teeth the way to correct and helpe their deformitie to drawe the corrupted and put artificiall in their place ye shall heare at length in the Treatise of the poore mans guide The eleuenth Chapter of the Tumor which happeneth vnder the tongue called Batrachos or Rannuculus RAnnuculus is a tumor of the veines vnder the tongue and is sometime of such greatnesse that yee would thinke it another tongue this happeneth ofâ— to children and old folk so that the voice is intercepted The cause is a slyme pituitous humor which discâ—â—deth from the head and when the tumor is excrescence of flesh the cause is as of other excrescâ—nces It is coÌ„monly wrapped in a chest or little membraine like as Atâ—â—â—â—ma The sigâ—es are euident and it is in coulor like a frogge called Râ—na wherof it taketh the name with gret tumor in the veins of the tongue which suffoketh the sick In opening of it the sick somtime becommeth madde as I did once see Iaques Guilmio Chirurgian reporteth to haue seene it foure times As for the cure that which happeneth in childreÌ„ is healed with gargarismes resoluentis and iucisiues in old folke the veines vnder the tongue must be opened If the ranuill be great it must bee cut drawen away the superfluitie which remaineth shal be dried with sall ammoniac flos aeris such like Sometime we cut it with a bistorie and apply caâ—â—erâ— actuals As for the litle pustulles which come in the mouth that the Latins cal Aphthae as also diuers others yee shall heare at length in my Treatise of the deliuerie of women where I intreate of those diseases which commonly happen to yong children The twelth Chapter of the tumor in the neck called by the Latins Stuma or Scrofulae STruma is an inflamation of bloud and pituite in the soft and glandulous partes as vnder the chyn and oxters on the papps and bâ—tweene the thigh and the body and may happen in any part of the body The matter that is ingendred of is a rotten thick matter congealed blood like glandes The cause are falles strokes or humor pituitous mixed with melancholie also drinking of euil waters where through many were infected at the siege of Paris also the retentio of the excremeÌ„ts of the braines which should auoide by the muoth nose eares eies This disease happeneth oftenest to yong children both for the raritiâ— of the skin and gulosite for the which some cal them Scrofulae by the simtlitude of a greedie beast called Scrofa The signes are apparent to the sight in the parts where they are sometime few in number sometime many and are couered membranes like Atâ—â—â—oma Steotoma The Iudgements are that those which are superficiall mobill and not many in number may resolue vnmoueable hard maling doe not resolue or hardly receiueth any curation those that are great and neare the tracharter are difficill in opening by reason of the nerues recurrent which being cut the sick waxeth dum they are also difficill when they are accoÌ„panied with veines for feare of flux of blood The cure coÌ„sisteth in remedies vniuersals pâ—rticuler as in good regiment eate litle and of light digestion abstaine froÌ„ such things as ingender grosse humors purge oft blede in both thy armes haâ—nt no humide places the drink shal be composed after this forme take Scrofularia 3. parts Scolupendula 2. parts Pilosella and Brassica of ech a litle the toots of Reddish and Aristolochia a little seeth them al in white wine with a little honey till the halfe be consumed of this ye shall vse 3. ounces in the morning euery 2. daies once I haue vsed to diuers with good seccesse a decoction laxatiue the space of 15. or 20. dais also my confectioÌ„ set down in the poore mans guide The pâ—rticuler remedies are to rubbe the part with a little salt butter fryed in a pan with a litle vineger till it grow black some vse the emplaster de vigo with mercurie also the cataplasme set downe in the Chapter of Paristhimia If it tend to suppuration vse this take the leaues and roots of mallowes lillies of ech 2. ounces leaues of camomill one haÌ„dful make a decoctioÌ„ to the which adde the flower of beanes lyn-seed and â—enigreck an 3. ounces swines greace that is flesh a pond make cataplasme putting to it a litle oyle of â—rin and lillies this â—ath the verru both to digest â—ype WheÌ„ it is opened cure it as ye haue heard in others Sometimes children hauing scabs in the head the brains humide by wrong lying taking cold in the night haue the glandes tumified for remedy wherof apply oile of camomill anissedes swete almoÌ„ds with a litle hennes greace butter If the tumor be hot add to it oile of roses violetts it is good also to rubbe it with fasting spittle till it growe hotte I haue heard of sundrie that haue beene cured perfectly by George Boswell a very learned Chirurgion of S. Iohns towne in
Scotland who is most skilfull in our Arte. The thirteenth Chapter of the tumor in the necke called Bruncoceli or Hernia gutturis THis Tumor which the Greekes call Broncon is rounde great ingendred of the humor Phlegmaticke betwix the trachearter and the skinne sometime occupying the most parte of the necke of the which there are diuers kindes according to the matter contained therein sometime like atâ—â—râ—ma other whiles like aâ—enfrisma The cause is not different from those that it is like vnto yet some are external some internal as coldayre drinking of euill water as those who dwell in Piemont who are much subiect because the most parte of their drinke is melted snowe also the retention of the purgations in women and great aboundance of the humor melancholicke The Signes are most euident to the sight The Iudgementes are that those that come by nature are incureable and those which are like aâ—eâ—frisma must not be touched those that are verie great aocompanied with veines are very dangerous in no wise to be touched those that are tractable must be opened by canter or lancet eschewing alwayes the veines The cure is like vnto atâ—â—râ—ma in the beginning it is good to apply a cake of leade rubbed with quicke siluer or the emplaister de vigo with mercurie and rubbing it with thy hand till it grow redde and vse things to prouoke spitting for the which it shall be expedient to vse fiue or sixe graines of the arabicke pouder in the meane time vse good dyet and thinges to cause loosenes of the bellie bleede in both armes if the maladie requireth Ye shall heare of this at more length in the Treatise of childe-birth by reason sometime it happeneth in time of trauailing The fourtenth Chapter of the tumor called Aneâ—â—risma ANeâ—â—isme is an tumor sofr to the touch the which is ingendred of bloode and spirrit vnder the skin and muscles which happeneth in diuers partes of the bodye chiefly in the neck for which cause we speake of it in this place The cause is eyther dilatation incision or ruption of the arter which often chaunceh to women in the time of their birth to water men and others who vse violent labour through crying or greate violence which dilateth the arter The signes are this tumor in pressing on it with thy finger thou shalt feele great pulsasion and the tumor of the same coulor as the rest of the skin it is soft in touch and yeildeth to the finger by reason the spirrit retireth into the arter and hauing taken away the finger it doth returne presently and in returning making a noyse by reason of the blood and spirit which returneth at a litle incision this happeneth when the Aneâ—frisme is done by Anâ—stomis that is being opened and cut When the arier is riuen as happeneth in women and those of great exercise there issueth foorth more abundance of blood thaÌ„ spirrit and is more harde than the other and maketh lesse noyse in retiring Those which are superficiall in the exterior partes as the head legges and armes may bee knit and are cureable those which are profunde and interior as in the brest as of happenth to those who sweate excessiuely of the Venerian sicknes also those in the neck vnder the armes and flanckes and where there is great dilatation of great arters are not cureable but death ensueth in few dayes If the tumor be opened the patient dieth presentlye this happeneth oftentimes by the vnskilfulnes of the Barbors and Apothecaries that meddle therewith and ruine a number of people through their ignorance as I haue often seene for such people esteeme all tumors that are soft to be opened as common Aposthumes In Paris 1590. there happened such a disease to one called Captane Tayle who was one of the chiefest Captaines amongst the Spaniardes on the right side of his neck for the which I as Chirurgian ordinarie to the regiment was sent for found that it should not be touched of which opinioÌ„ was also my companyon Andrew Scot a man verye expert in his art who was at that time in great practise at Paris and now ChirurgiaÌ„ to the King of Scotland I ordained remedies to let the encreasing of it which receipt of mine being sent to the Apothecarie he thought it not meete medicine for an aposthume as he termed it he sent for his brother the glorious Barbor who seing the Captaine found no difficultie but sware with great othes that he had charmes for al sotes and the Apothecarie sware that hee had salues for al sores so preseÌ„tly opened it with a lancet ro auoide the matter as they thought which being the spirrit bold came forth with such violence that the Captaine died preseÌ„tly I doubt not but that in these countries there be many such things coÌ„mitted by such ignoraÌ„ts so destroy many people I vse alwayes in such chiefly in the neck vnder the arms and in the paps these remedies that I prescribed to the Spaniard that is first to draw blod in both the arms next to apply on the sore cerat Galen or de bolo or this Ree pulueris suhtilissimi boli armenici sanguinis draconis myrtiloruÌ„ lapidis calaminarii in aceto extincti absinthei an vnc 1. cum cerato refrigeraÌ„tis Galeni quantuÌ„ sufficit fiat vnguentuÌ„ siue magdaleon For the same effect I vse a cake of lead rubbed with quicksiluer these things will hinder the growing for a time although it be nere the noble parts If it be in the extremities as legges or armes they may liue a long time by the vsage of the aforesaid remedies I knew a womaÌ„ in Paris who had one very gret in her thigh liued 10. yeres if it be litle and superficial I find no better thaÌ„ cataplasme made of claret wine with the crops leaues of cypres which I haue often vsed on the arme when the arter hath been opened in stead of the veine Otherwise I knitt them after this forme first I incise the skin long-wise next discouer the arter and being discouered I passe a needle with a double thread vnder it two inches aboue the incision or ruption of the arter and theÌ„ knitts it with a double knot voydes awaye the blood contained and cureth the wound according to the estate it is in The fiftenth chapter of tumors or aposthumes in the paps THe papps which are part is glandulous ordained by nature partly for the decoration of women and partly to be answerable to the 2. chaÌ„bers of the matrix are ordained for the generation of milk are subiect to diuers diseases as other parts of like substance here we wil only intreat of the aposthume which hapneth in them The cause is such as ye haue heard in other aposthumes and the retensioÌ„ of the purgations also abundaÌ„ce of thick and knotty milk The signes are such as ye haue
defluxion of humors falleâ—h in the coddes of all which ye shal heare hereaftet in there seuerall Chapters beginning first with Bâ—bonocele The foure and twentith Chapter of the tumor inguinall called Bubonocle BVbonocele is a tumor in the flanck either of the call or intestine which happeneth through dilatation or ruption of the peritone is called bâ— the latins hernia inguinalis or inconpleta The cause is externall and internall externall in strokes leaping wresting crying vomiting choughing riding on hard trotting horses bearing of gret burthens the violent vsing of womeÌ„ or any violeÌ„t vsing of exercise dilatatioÌ„ of the ligameÌ„t in womeÌ„ through great trauell in childbirth the internall cause are vsing of viscuous flatuous meates great repletion of the bellie and of humors The signes if it come through relaxation it reduceth easily if of the intestine ye shall heaâ—e a noyse and it is dolorous The iudgments many die of this disease the gutte being forth filleth full eyther of winde or excremeÌ„ts or both which is so difficill painfull to be reduced that the sick dieth As for the cure vse fomentatioÌ„s remollientes and discutientes made thus Râ—c radicum altheae brioniae cucumeris â—grestis an M. 1. folioruÌ„ maluae bismaluae pariâ—tariae et violarum an M. 1. floruÌ„ et foliorum camomillae melitoti rosarum an P. 1. seminis altheae lini et fenâ—greci an vnc se coquaÌ„tur omnia in lacte vel aqua et fâ—menta locum cum spongis If by these remedies it reduce not being great abundance of winde yee shall vse fiue or sixe punctioÌ„s with a needle for the purpose which dissipeth the winde reduceth easily then vse emplasters astringent with a baÌ„dage for a certayn space in so doing those which come of releaxatioÌ„ sometime heale others which come by ruption doe nor heale so the sicke must haue a trusse for the purpose with an emplaster to let the falling downe againe and no other cure to bee vsed yet there are some ignoraÌ„t people who take vpon theÌ„ to heale this as also the 2. coÌ„pletes by drinks charmes praying to Saints going on pilgrimage which are al false found on no reason others as Tbeodoâ—ricus couÌ„sell to cure theÌ„ by actual canters LanfraÌ„cus by poteÌ„tiall Bernardus Rogerius by the wearing of a golden threade called punctus aureus which are all dangerous and vncertaine wayes The fiue twentith chapter of the herne or rupture intestinall called by the Greeks â—nterocele THis kinde of rupture is when the gutts fall downe into the codds eyther through ruption or enlarging of the peritone where the Spermatick vessels doe passe and where the muscles Cremastres end and the membranes Dartons and Heretroides begin wherin the gutt caulâ— or both do fal The causes are like to Bubonocele the signs are great in equall tumor sometime hard by reason of the fecall matter contained therein The iudgmentes are these there commeteh inflamation and the more ye prease to reduce it the inflamation is the greater so it changeth the coulor which is an euill signe sounding and voyding of matter at the mouth are euill signs if the intesâ—iâ—e be not reduced the patient dyeth which happeneth through the narrownes of the dilatation As for the cure first rubb the codde with oyle of camomill and lay the sick on his back in such sort that his arse be higher than his head reducing with thy hand little and little pressing most on the place where it defended If the fecall matter let the reduction vse the remedies set downe in Bubonocele clisters to discharg the intestine if by these remedies the intestine doe not reduce but the matter wax hard with greaâ— dolor yee shall make incision in the vpper part of the cod eschewing the intestine thereafter put a litle peece of wood vp by the production of the peritone neare the hole of descent the pece of wood must be round on the one side flat on the other wheron ye shall make the rest of your incision and rubbe the descent with a lttle oyle so it shall easily reduce If then it reduce not the peritone must be incised and vse the canter Gastrographick handle it as other wounds this operation must not be vsed but in great necessitie when the sick is strong prognosticating still of the daunger nefefellisse aut ignorasse videaris Being reduced it must with bandages and astringent fomentations bee contayned with rhis â—â—plaster Rec. emplastri contra ruâ—turam vnc 2. mastichae vnc 1. vnguenti comitissae desiccatiui rubei an vnc se lapidis calaminaris in aceto extincti parum or this takâ— beane flowre and the barke of the oake tree sanguinis draconis pouder of sage and roses of euery one a little seethe all in smithes water putting thereto a little hogges grease and lay it on the place in forme of an emplaister and keepe the bedde for the space of fortie dayes shifting it once in sixe dayes vsing good dyet and of light digestion abstayning from crying and coughing laying the hinder partes higher then the head through this method some heale chieflly wheÌ„ the dilation is not greatâ— If the dilation be so great that there is no hope of recouerie by these remedies wee come to the operation of the hande the bodie hauing purged and bledde afore if neede be eating little the night before the incision the sicke shall be layde on a forme or board scituated as yee haue heard his legges and handes bound and so reduce the intestine which being done one shall hold his hande on the hole of descent then the Chirurgion shal take the stone on the sore side making an incision two inches broad at the which drawe out the testicle separate the didyme from the scrotum till ye come to the hole of descent and knitte with a waxed threed and cutte the production with the stone a little from the threede stay the fluxe of bloud and heale it as other woundes If the patient be olde make incision in the lower parte of the scroton to the ende the matter may auoyd the better Sometime the dilation being great the intestine sticketh to the peritone so in knitting the peritone ye knitte the intestine also which if it happen the sicke voydeth the excrementes by the mouth and so dyeth This happened once to my Maister who had vsed this operation a long time whereof I thought good to let you vnderstand if any such cure come in your handes Sometime being healed in the one side it falleth on the other side for the curation whereof doe the like yet it is very incommodious for after the partie is disabled to ingender and the hayre of the beard becommeth thin and falleth for the which cause and diuers I am of the opinion with the learned not to attempt this operation but rather to vse a truâ—se so in processe of
time nature ingendreth a certaine peice of flesh in the hole of descent The twentie sixe Chapter of the rupture Zirball called Epipâ—cele EPipocele is a descent of the caule in the codde or flanck the Cause is not different from the precedent accompanied with aboundance of humidities in these partes the Signes are like the precedent sauing that it is softer and vneasie to reduce not dolorous The Cure must bee like to the intestine in all cutting the production that falleth knitte canterize it to let the fluxe of bloud of the veines and arters whereof commeth great danger if it be reduced and yet bleedeth it causeth fluxe of the bellie and often death The twentie seuen Chapter of the waterie Herne called Hydrocele or Hernia aquosa THE waterie Herne is a Tumor in the coddes which groweth by little and little sometime to great bignesse and is contayned sometime in the codde otherwhiles betwixt the membranes that couer the stones called Dartos and Heretroidos sometime within them sometime it is accompanied with the guâ—te and is called Hydrointerocele The Cause is like as yee haue heard in Hydropsie and is a particular Hydropsie sometime stroakes the vesselles being riuen the bloud chaungeth into a waterie humor The Signes are the Tumor is cleare and becommeth long still in one estate not painefull heauie sometime hard and is knowne by holding the codde betwixt thee the candle and beeing inclosed in membranes it appeareth to bee a third testicle The Iudgementes some resolue oftentimes the intestine also falleth chiefely in the left side by reason of the milte which is full of colde melancholicke humor which oftentimes corrupteth the testicle As for the Cure the sicke must be purged with fitte medicines according to the nature of the humor vse meane exercises meates hotte and drie in small quantitie abstayning from drinke and keepe thy bellie loose sleepe little and prouoke vrine by diureticke thinges abstaine from all things which breed winde The particular remedies are in vsing fomentations as in Hydropsie next the astringent emplaister made of redde desiâ—catiue the vnguent Comitisse with the pouder of lapis calaminaris extinguished in vineger oaker balaust bol armenie allom mustard seede and euphors malax all together with a little oyle of camomil and lay on the sore If these remedies suffice not by reason of the great quantitie of the water we put a Seton through the lowest part â—f the codde and drawe it twise euery day till the humor be euacuated If the humor be in the membranes that couer the stones make incision in the side of the codde eschewing the testicle put a tente in it and dresse it twise a day keepe it open till the humor be euacuated vse remedies anodiâ—us for to appease the dolor and â—ic catrize it as other woundes The twentie eight Chapter of the Herne windie called Physocele THis Herne is a collection of winde in the Scroton called Hernia ventosa the Cause is imbecillitie of natural heate in these partes and phlegmaticke matter with such other causes as yee haue heard in windie apostumes The Signes are the Tumor is somewhat hard light round sodainely ingendred occupying for the most part the sâ—roton and wand resisting to the touch cleare as a bladderfull of winde the wande greater in one place then in another The Iudgementes if this vapour dissip not it causeth many euilles sometime occupying the whole bodie and proceedeth often of matter venenous The Cure shall be first in good dyet as in Edema next to applie on the place thinges resolutiue and corroboratiue as yee haue heard in windie apostumes some allowe the plaister of Vigo with mercurie or diapalma malaxed with wine also the dregges of claret wine boiled with bran laid warm on the place The twentie nine Chapter of the Herne carnosa called Sarcocele THis is a Tumor in the cod sometimes in the membrans dartos and heretroidos chiefely about the stones like vnto a tumor schirrous and as it were accompanied with veines varicous The Cause is aboundance of grosse humors in these partes which doth corrupt the testicles and at last degendreth into a harde fleshie disposition The Signes are vnequall tumor hard alwayes in one estate dolorous and being touched all which is in the testicle doth moue The Iudgementes are that when it happeneth to young folke and handled in the beginning it doth some time heale but commonly it is incureable and the worst of all the eight kindes If by feeling it at the vppermost parte of the didim it seeme vnnaturall great the tumor is incureable and better it is not to touch it then to attempt any cure if ye finde the didim small there is some hope of cure For the which we must scituate the sicke as yee haue heard next make the incision in the vpper part of the cod knitte the didim and canterize it as ye haue heard in interocele If it adhere to the codde separate it and cutte off the testicle with the excrescence if after the incision there commeth inflammation and dolor let the patient bleede and rest fiue or sixe dayes as counselleth Franco and leaue the cure to giue order to the accidentes The thrrtie Chapter of the Herne varicous called Câ—rsocele THis Herne is a Tumor and dilation of the veines that nourish the testicles which are full of melancholicke bloud and also the membranes hereof The Cause is some grosse humor or melancholick bloud gathered in that part by reason of the debilitie and decliuitie of the place and heauinesse of the humor The Signes are the repletion of the veines sometime fewe in number sometime many wrapped together like a vine braunch soft in touch and returning into the bellie by pressing on the didime The iudgmentes are it is without dolor most dangerous and difficill to be cured as ye shall heare in the varices of the legges The cure shal be first in purging the bodie of melancholick then bleede if neede be therefore make incisioÌ„ on the scroton the breadth of two fingers in the place of the varice thereafter make passe a needle with double thread vnder the varice and in the vpper part of the wouÌ„d an other in the lower part leauing an inch betwixte then open the varice and euacuate the humor contayned if there be any moe doe the like that done knitt the thread and handle the wound as others If the testicle be infiltred with veines accompanied with dolor that it may not bee handled this way the didime must bee cut as in the preâ—â—dent and so proceede in the cure The one and thirtieth Chapter of the herne Humâ—rall THis herne is an aposthume and defluxion of humors together in the codd or membranes that couer the testicles and sometime in their proper
conceiued in the time of the monethly purgations or else the mother or father hath beene elephanticke After we are borne it commeth eyther of corruption of ayre as in places neare the Sea which maketh the humors of the bodie thicke also dwelling in hotte countries as in Aphricke Spayne and others where many haue this disease also in colde partes which thicken the humors plenitude of the humors chiefly of the melancholicke retention of the hemerhoides or purgation menstruall defect in the milte corrupteth the humors chiefely melancholy great vsage of melancholike meates ae Swine Goates Hares cheese and such like The Signes are great tumor occupying the whole member or some parte thereof which augmenteth by little and little not dolorous insensible which sometime is inflamed The iudgementes when it is vniuersall or particular it is incureable yet some remedies palliatiues may be vsed to lette and stay the maladie by purging the melancholicke humor bleeding bathing ventousing prouocation of the flowers and hemeroâ—hes vsing of good regiment and thinges that ingender good blood abstayning from things of contrarie qualitie the which must be done by the aduise of the learned Physitian If there come inflammation in the hart vse such remedies as are set downe in the Chapter of Phlegmon I haue seene some haue this maladie and liue 20. yeares and more by the vsing of good regiment but I haue knowne none to come to perfect cure The thirtie seauen Chapter of the tumor which commeth in the extremities of the fingers called Paneris or Paranochia THis Aposteme which occupyeth the extremities of the fingers and rootes of the nailes is called by the Greekes Paranochian by the Latins Reduuiae The Cause is melancholick humor venemous and most hot of the nature which proceedeth from the bones nerues tendons and membranes which couer the same The signes are vehement dolor whic maketh the â—icke almost beside himselfe great inflamation feuer and sundry other lik accidents as in Carbuncle The Iudgments it is sometime vlcered with virulent matter is verie dangerous as saith Gordonius oftentimes afore there bee any outward apparence in the flesh it rotteth both the bones and ligaments and membranes and then there is no remedie but to cut it for feare it infect the rest and also cause death as reporteth de Vigo The Cure first the sicke shal be purged and bleede in the arme opposite vsing good regiment and abstayning from all strong drinke as for the topicall remidies there are diuers opinions amongst our old writers some counsell repercussiues and â—nodins and supuratiues other counsell for the greatnes of this disease not to abide the maturation but presently make incisioÌ„ in the inner side of the part or ioynt the length of the said ioynt going to the bone to giue issue to the venim which is coÌ„monly the periost and bone let it bleed till it â—â—aunch of it selfe thereafter washe the part with strong vineger and Aquauitae wherein hath been delayed a little Treacle vsing a liniment of vnguent rosat Populeon with a little oyle of Roses or a cataplasme made of the leaues of Henbane Sorrell mandrakes rosted vnder the ashes and mingled with a little Butter or Hogges greace this doth appease the dolor and prouoke matter This being doone cleanse the vlcer and cicatrize it as in others The thirtie eight Chapter of the litle hardnes in the feete commonly called Cornes THose hard tumors which coÌ„monly occupie the toes and feete chiefly the ioyntes and vnder the nailes are called Cornes and in latin Clauus of the which there are three kindes to wit Corpus Callus and Clauus The Cause is chiefly in wearing straight shoes superfluous excrements which cannot auoide so remaineth in the partueruous and acquireth a certaine hardnes according to the nature of the part where they are The Signes are apparent to the sight The cure is that those that are little not deepe are to bee cut finely at the roote and filled vp with a little wax and greene copperous or else a little of the sande which remaineth of the vrine take heede yee cut not to deepe amongst the ligaments tendons for the great accidentse that followe as inflamation sometyme conuulsion and Gangren so that some loose their toes feete In cutting a part of it the roote groweth more large then it is best to foment the part with water of mallowes and Althea or water wherein Tripes haue been sod thereafter vse Gum Ammoniac dissolued in Aquauitae and laye one it or this which I haue often vsed made of lyke quantitie of Turpintine wax and verdegreace and applye thereon And so we end this Treatise and shall followe out to intreate of woundes in like manner THE SIXT TREATISE Of Woundes and containeth twelue Chapters Chapter 1 Of woundes in generall Chapter 2 Of the simple wound Chapter 3 Of the composed wound with losse of substaÌ„ce Chapter 4 Of the contused woundes Chapter 5 Of woundes done by gunshot Chapter 6 Of woundes in the veines and arters Chapter 7 Of woundes in the Nerues Chapter 8 Of wuundes by biting of venemous beastes Chapter 9 Of woundes in the bones Chapter 10 Of woundes in the head Chapter 11 Of woundes in the thorax Chapter 12 Of woundes in the bellie The first Chapter of the cause signes and curation of woundes in generall CO Like as wee haue proceeded in the former Treatise of Tumors wee shall follow out the same Method in woundes and so I demaund what is a wound LO It is a dissolution of the continui-tie recent bloudie without putrifaction in the soft hard or organicke partes CO. Which is the cause of woundes LO Whether they be animate or inanimate they are of three sortes of the which they take their denomination as if the wound be made by a thing sharpe pointed as a rapier launce or darte it is called thrust or stabbe if with a cutting thing it is called incision or cut if with a heauie blunt thing as a stone or club which commeth by force and breaketh contundeth the flesh it is called coÌ„tusion CO. Which are the signes of wouÌ„ds LO They are manifest according to the iudgement accideÌ„ts that follow CO. Which are the differents LO Some are simple others coÌ„posed CO. What is a simple wound Lo. It is that wherin is no lacke of substaÌ„ce healed one way only to wit by coÌ„solidatioÌ„ as sayth Hyppocrates CO. What is composed LO It is that in the which there is losse of substance and hath diuers intentions for the cure thereof CO. Differ woundes no otherway LO They differ also in that some heale easily some are difficill and some are mortall some without intemprie some little other great sperficiall profound in the simple or similar others in the instrumentall or orgaine parts some in soft some in hard partes CO. Which are those which heale easily LO
the fourth future incarnatiue done LO By little peeces of cloth as the breadth of the wound place requireth that is strong with the selfedge out in points like arrow heads the rest shal be couered with some astrigent and conglutinatiue emplaster as this take pouder of sangue Dragon true bol incence mastick Sâ—â—rocolla fine flower incorporaâ—e all with whites of egges and lay on both sides of the wouÌ„d with the aforesayde cloâ—h and the clothe bee further back than the lippes of the wound so the points shal be neare to the sayde lippes which being faste wee put a thread through these pointes till such time as wee see the lippes of the wound to close and knit the thread with double knot this is called drie future and is commonly done in the face and such places where wee desire the Cicatrice not to be seene CO. Howe doest thou the fift future in carnatiue LO With claspes of Iron sharp pointed and long which take the lippes of the wounde being put together and houlde them so this was vsed by some old practitioners but at this present it is not in vse as being dolorous exciteth inflamation fluxion CO. How is the second kinde of future generall done LO It is done after the manner that the Glouers sow there gloues but is neyther sure nor profitable for one point slipping the rest slippe also In like maner the blood which is retayned swelleth the part and falleth amongst the muscles which often doth rotte and gangren the part so it is better to knit the veines and arters or canterize theÌ„ which I haue done with good successe vsed by our auntients where there was great effusion of bloode in the veines and arters and nowe commonly vsed in the intestines and bladder and such oâ—her membranous parts CO. How is â—he third suture generall done LO As the rest but not so hard and is vsed to conserue the lippes of the wound being seperated and where there is great losse and dilaceration of flesh CO. What time appoint you to take away the pointes of your sutures LO According to the opinioÌ„ of Vigo in 6. or 8. daies yet in our ordinarie practise we limit no time for some conglutine sooner thaÌ„ others so when the part deuided beginneth to conglutinate assuredly we take out the stitches CO. Is there no other sort of sutures commonlye vsed LO There is a kind which Wee vse in the bellie called Gastroraphie of the which diuers haue written in diuers manners here I will set downe that which is sure and most easie in the wounds of the bellie First if the guttes come foorth they muste bee put in their place also the caule first knitting and cutting awaye that which is altered leauing the end of the ligator out at the wound that which falleth may be drawen out then thou shalt cause one to take both sides of the wounde in his hand then he shall discouer a little of the wound so make the first stitch of the needle at the extremitie of one side of the wound pearsing the skin and muscles not touching the peritone thereafter put the needle in the other side through the peritone muscles and skin then make an other stitch like to the first not touching the peritone then make the fourth point like the second pearcing peritone muscles and skin so continue it till it be all sowed taking the peritone on the one side and leauing it alwayes on the other CO. What is bandage or ligator LO It is a peece of cloth made long two or three elles and in breadth three or foure inches according to the member and hurt the cloth must be soft cleane without hem or seame and more slack in woundes than in fractors and of it there are diuers sorts for some are to contayne as in simple wounds some are to expell matter as we see in caue woundes some are defensiues to stay fluxion some to retayne the medicaments on the part as in the throat and bellie some are mortificatiue which we vse in legges or armes gangrened to cut them off The way how these bandages should be vsed are after diuers manners according as ye shall heare in their proper places hereafter CO. Which is the fourth point obserued in curing woundes LO To giue order to the accidents which are double to wit proper and accidentall CO. Which are proper LO Aposteme hemeragie and putrefaction CO. What is aposteme LO I haue set downe the definition signes difference and cure therof in the generall Chapter of Apostemes CO. What is hemâ—ragie LO It is an issuing of the blood in great abundance the veine or arter being cut riuen or corroded there is another flux of blood which sometime commeth at the nose and chaunceth often in dayes critick which should not be stayed vnlesse it be excessiue CO. How should the excessiue flux be stayed LO By things about on the place which coole agglinat drie by ligators caÌ„ters actuall such like as I shall set downe in the Chapter of wounds with flux of blood CO. What is putrefaction LO It is that which corrupteth letteth the spirit naturall heat in the member where through it becometh rotten putrified CO. What is the cause of this putrefaction LO Either corruption of the spirit vitall or els viscus and cold humors which stop the passage of the vital spirit some are causes primitiues as stroakes contusioÌ„ straight binding and such like CO. Which are the accidentall symptomes LO Euill complexion feuer dolor spasme paralise syncope and alienation CO. What is euill complexion LO It is an euill comixtion of the foure humors when one raigneth more than an other as was said in the first Treatise CO. What is Feuer LO It is an extraordinarie heate beginning in the heart sent through all the bodie with the spirit blood by the vâ—ines and arters CO. By what meanes is it cured LO It is distinguished according to the time cause nature which points belong to the Phisitian CO. What is Dolor LO It is a feeling of a thing which hath a contrarie qualitie in our bodies CO. What is the cause of Dolor LO Solution of continuitie or some sodaine alteratioÌ„ the accidents which come of it as also the cure is set downe in the generall chapter yet we will say somewhat of it at this present Al dolor maketh altracioÌ„ of humors blood which maketh inflaÌ„mation for the which fomeÌ„t the place with oyle of roses with the white of an egge if the Dollor be great stupifie the part with oyle of popie opium with mandrager also the root of solanum brayed and put with the same is good to mitigate the dolor as saith Galen if it be not appeased by these remedies it is a signe that the nerues are hurt for the which haue recourse to woundes in the nerues CO. what is spasme LO It a mnladie in
the nerues makeing inuoluntari mouing drawing the muscles tendons towards theire beginning vneasie to relax CO. What is the cause of Spasme LO Repletion euacuation and dolor CO. Is it dangerous LO Auicen saith that all spasme confirmed in woundes is mortall others are cureable that which chaunceth through thrustes in the nerues is euill If it happen by great euacuation of bloud it is mortall as saith Hippocrates and better it is that a feuâ—r come in a conuulsion then conuulsion in feuer spasme after feuers is mortall as saith Hippocrates CO. Which are the signes of spasme LO Difficill mouing of the bodie tension of the necke contraction of the lippes astriction of the iawes peruertion of the eyes and face which if it take the course to the partes appointed for respiration it is lamentable and the sicke shall soone die that which is confirmed is incureable CO. What is the cure of it LO First we foment the parte with hydrelâ—on or hydromell sometime bathe with water wherein hath beene sodden mallowes althea violettes extremities of calues mutton goates lambes such like with a certaine quantitie of oyle being taken out of the bath rubbe the parte with oyle of violettes sweete almondes hennes grease or mutton also rubbe the necke backe and head being rased with oyle of lillies vulpinum turpentine phâ—losophorum For the same purpose drie perfumes are good it shall bee good sometime to drawe bloud on the same side if there be plenitude with inflamation if there bee cacochymie purge the bodie of the humors which abound if the cause come of dolor or some bite of a venemous beast the dolor must be appeased and apply on the sore treacle and ventous to drawe out the venenositie CO. What is Paralisie LO It is a mollification or relaxation of the nerues with priuation of the moouing whereof there is two kindes vniuersall and particular CO. What is the vniuersall LO It is that which occupieth all the body sauing the head and if it occupie the head also it is called apoplexie which is an other kinde CO What is the particular LO It is that which possesseth occupieth one member onely as the hands feete tongue legs and such like CO. Which are causes LO Some are intern some externe Interne as grosse humor which moysteÌ„ the nerues in the braines the marrow in the which let the vitall spirit to passe Externe are wounds incisioÌ„ falles strokes conâ—usioÌ„ aposteme cold al outward things that may let the animall spirit to passe CO. Is it cureable LO Al paraliâ—â—es are difficill by reasoÌ„ the nerues are destitute of their natural heate which is the efficieÌ„t cause of curatioÌ„ yet some are cureable when the nerue hath lost the feeling mouing it is called Aploplexie when it commeth to one side it is called Resolution of the part CO. Howe is it cured LO By vniuersall and particular remedies vniuersall as purgations Clisters bleeding good diet hot and drie particular as emplasters linimentes ventoses cataplasmes fomentatioÌ„s also the balme of Guido who counselleth to applie ventouses in the beginning of the nerues Togatius counselleth a liquor set downe in ad ditionibus Petri apponensisde scriptionis mesue also to rubbe the neck back parts most offended with vnguentuÌ„ martiatum or agrippae CO. What is Sincope LO It is suddaine fall and decay of all the whole forces of the bodie and of al accidentes it is the worst CO. Which are the causes of it LO Great euacuation of blood inâ—emperatur of the noble partes vehement passion of the spirit feare lacke of courage rotten vapors as happen in pestilent feuers and all thinges that may intercept and destroy the vitall spirit CO. What is the cure LO First to encourage the sick speake little giue him a little wine cast water in his face and hold vineger at his nose drawe his extremities and chiefly the fingers and rubb the part affected with this Rec. olei costini terebanthine an vnc 2. misceantur et vngatur With this vnguent Rec. vnguenti martiati vnguenti Agrippae an vnc 1. se olei costini nardini et de piperibus an drag 1. sagapeni apopanocis dissolutorum in vino an drag 2. cerae parum fiat vnguentum quo vngatur neruorum origo CO. What is alienation LO It is an inordinat perturbation of the mind with diuersitie of speach wherof there are two kindes proper and accidentall the proper is that which we call madnes the accideÌ„tall is that which we call rauing as chanceth in hot feuers and other maladies wherein hot fumes ascend to the head or by hott and cold aire as saith Auicen also by putrifaction and venenositie of our meate and drinke and is cured by diuerting the fumes with frictions and ligators of the extremities vsing Clisters and rubbing the head and necke with Oxyrodinum CO. What is the fift thing to bee obserued in curing of woundes LO To conserue the substance and the temperature of the hurt parte and consolide the wounde which is done with vnguentes emplasters tentes plumations as ye shall heare in particular CO. Tell me some thing of plumatiens tentes and there vse LO Plumations are made of little peeces of cloth the threads drawen out or the peeces of cloth themselues woll or tow the pith of the Elder tree the haires of a hare gentian Of these some are round some triangulars and quadrangulars the auntients giue them diuers denominators eyther of the matter they were composed of or of their forme some are applyed drie others wet in diuers liâ—quors as whites of egges wine vineger or oyle according to the disposition of the part we apply them vnto Sometime we apply many otherwhiles few as the case requireth The tentes are sometime made of cloth other-whiles of sponges or rootes of certaine plantes of brasse lead siluer some caue within others not of length greatnes according to the hurt some are euen others crooked yet alwaies rounde and are vsed for diuers causes as when woundes are to be amplified or cleansed also in caue woundes with losse of substance in contused woundes altered by the aire also when the wound is affliged with phlegmon or any other tumor against nature also in woundes which come of biting for such wounds haue some venenositie In wounds with corruption of bone In all other woundes we vse not these thinges but induce the cicatrize and conâ—solide the wounde CO What is consolidation It is that which hath force to ioyne consolide and drie the wound maketh if like vnto the skin CO. Whaâ— skin is it LO It is nothing else but the fleshe made drie and harde by the worke of nature vertue of medicaments and is like the other skin but not of the same nature in all pointes CO There are many other thinges which may be spoken generally of wouÌ„des which for lacke of
and first I demaund what is an ulcer LO It is a solution of contimâ—tâ— made by erosion in diuers parts of the bodie out of the which procedeth a maâ—ter purulenâ— which hindereth the consolidation thereof CO. Are they not different LO Some differ in nature in substance in quantitie figure and accidents CO. How differ they in nature substance LO Some are simple in the flesh without any other indisposition as saith Galen or are composed with one or moâ— maladies as vlcers with intemperie corruption of the bone aposteme nodositie and diuers other accidents CO. How differ they in figure and quantitie LO Some are round long profound superficiall great and small CO. How differ they by accidents LO Some are putride dolorous fistulous cancrous some are inueterate some recent some in on member some in other places CO. How many causes are there of vlcers LO Three primitiue antecedent and coniunct CO. Which are the primiâ—â—tiues LO Contusion scratching heates applycation of sharp medicaments corrosion great cold that extinguisheth the the naturall heate chiefly in the extremities CO. Which are the causes antecedent LO Euill humors in the bodie which come of euill nouriture or euill disposition of the bodie or some part thereof chiefly the lyâ—er and milt CO. Howe are these humors causes of vlcers LO Partly by their euill qualitie partly through abundance thereof do spoyle open coâ—ode the most debill parts of our body not hauing force to resist such malignitie and so causeth vlcers CO Which are the coniunct causes LO The foresayd humors conioyned in the partes vlcered as also all other violent thinges that haue force to vlcerate the same part CO Which are the signes Lo. They are euident or are in the body are knowne by the dolor nature or the place accidents excrements such as you shall heare in the sixe kinds of proper vlcers CO. Which are those sixe kondes of vlcers LO The first is sanious 2. virulent 3. filthie 4. cancrous 5. putride or stinking 6. corrosiue or rotten awaye CO. Haue they no other names LO They haue fiue other names and first by the humors secoÌ„dly of the matter that coÌ„meth froÌ„ them thirdly of the accidentes fourthly of the sicknes fiftly by comparing them to the similitude of beastes CO. How take they their names by the humors LO Some are of the Phlegmatick humor and are called Phlegmaticks some by the blood and are called sanguinis by the choller chollerick and by melancholy melancholick CO. Howe take they the nemes of the matter LO Of the great abundance of sany or humidity it is called vlcer sanious of the pus purâ—lent of the sordidities it is called â—ordide of the virulence it is called viruleÌ„t CO. How take they their names of the acdents LO Of the hardnes called callositie it is hard and callous of the cauâ—â—ns of it it is called cauernous of the fistule it is called fistulate of the putrifaction putride of the corosion or malignitie of the matter corosiue of the cankers or hardnes turned ouer it called cancrous of the dolor dolorous of aposteme apostemus In all vlcers where any of these raigne they heale not till they be takeÌ„ away CO. What is callositie LO It is a drie flesh without dolor because it hath no veine to make it humide nor nerue to giue it feeling CO Howe is that called which commonly commeth from vlcers LO It is called sanie or matter CO. What is sanie LO It is a corruption of the part which nature cannot digest and make it to nourish the same CO. How many sortes of sanie is there LO Two to wit that which is commendable as it ought to be and that which is not CO. Which is commendable LO It is that which is white light equall in consisteÌ„ce neither thick thin nor euill tasted CO. Which is not commendable or euill sanie LO It is a corruptioÌ„ of the inâ—â—ument much altered through vnnaturall heate according to that alteration it produceth euill sanie CO. What call you pus LO It is a kinde of sanie made of the nouriture and superfluitie of the meÌ„ber tending to corruptioÌ„ by the alteratioÌ„ of the naturall heate debilitie of the member out of the which coÌ„meth a matter called virus sordities CO. Whot is virus Lo. It is that which is ingeÌ„dred of the most subtill and hotte parte of the pituitous humor which nature cannot digest for the great abundance thereof CO. What is it thou callest sordities LO It is a grosse matter ingendred of grosse humors CO. What callest thou durities or hardnesse LO It is a thing hard and solide not easie to bee corrupted which may come of three causes that is great heate congelation repletion CO. What callest thou fistula LO It is a profound vlcer hauing the entrie hard narrow deepe cauernous from the which proceedeth a matter virulent CO. What is putrefaction LO It is a chaunge of the substaunce of our whole body or of some parte thereof through an vnnaturall heate CO. What is the cause of putrefaction in our bodies LO It commeth either that the spirite animall is corrupted or cannot goe to the parte for colde heate apostume pustulles vlcers ambulatiues venenous also putting of oyles and such like in deepe vlcers doth corrupt the fleshe also too much vsing of refrigeratiues in hotte apostumes and ligators which intercept the spirite CO. How many sortes of putrefactions are there LO Three ro wit Gangren Estachiles and Histiomen CO. What is Gangren LO It is a putrefaction of the parte hauing yet feeling and differeth in that from others CO. What is Estâ—â—acheâ— LO It is a putrefaction of the member or parte thereof without feeling corrupting both flesh and boane CO. What is Hâ—stiomen LO It is a whole corruption of the member eating consuming the whole bodie away CO. What is Corrosion LO It is a consumption of the fleshe through the bitternesse and sharpenesse of the humor CO. What are the causes of Corrosion LO The malignitie of the fleshe the humor cholericke phlegmaticke salt admixed CO. What callest thou Cancer LO It is a maladie of a matter colde and drie being hotte by putrefaction hardnesse and other signes as ye shall heare in his proper Chapter CO. What are the Iudgementes LO There are diuers according to the accidentes that fall and first that vlcers remaining a yeere or more vncured make the boane vnder them altered rotten wheÌ„ such vlcers are whole there remaineth a cauitie in the part vlcered all vlcers that are euil colored blacke are esteemed malignes if any vlcer being filled vp ready to cicatrice begin sodainely to runne againe without manifest cause it is in danger to become fistulous Hippocrates saith that vlcers which haue no haire about them are vneasie to heale and cicatrice also those vlcers which come by reason of some maladie as hydropsie cachexie are hard to heale Hippocrates saith also if any
of naturall vnion and howe many wayes it is done LO Two wayes eyther without mediation but by succession of time groweth together as the nether iaw boane which manifestly is distinguished in children or else by mediation and is done three wayes to witte the cartilage as the boane pubis secondly by the nerue or tendon as the sternon and as illium are ioyned together thirdly by flesh as the teeth are fastened This as also all the Anotomie is most perfectly declared by Robert Achymutie Chirurgian of Edenburgh sometime Chirurgian in the great Hospitall of Paris CO. What is Dislocation LO It is an outgoing of the boane out of the naturall seate which letteth the mouing CO. Howe many differences are there of Dislocations LO Three of the which the first is called complete when the boane is altogether out of the place the second is imcomplete when the boane is not altogether but a little out the third is distortion elongation or peruertion of the ligament CO. How many wayes is Dislocation complete done LO Foure wayes before behinde outward and inward some vp some downe but not oft seene CO. Howe many differences hath incomplet LO It hath three the first that the ligament in the ioynt and about it is relaxed as chaunceth in the haunch the seconde when the ligament is forced by great violence as the legge or foote in making a wrong or croked steppe the thirde is when by little and little the ligament relaxeth bringeth the boane after it as chaunceth in the backe CO. How many differences hath the third which is called distortion LO No difference but onely the boane is made longer from the other CO. Which are the causes of luxation LO Two to witte externe and interne CO. Which are the externe LO Falles or stroakes and too violent extending of the member violently againâ—â— the figure naturall CO. Which are the interne LO Great aboundance of humor pituitous gathered in the ioynture which humecteth the ligamentes and maketh them softe and humide so the boane goeth out or by the extenuation of the muscles about the ioynture CO. Howe knowe you Dislocation LO By the extraordinarie tumor of the place by the emptinesse of the place where the boane was by the priuation of the moouing accompanied with dolor CO. By what iudgement or signe knowe you those that are easie and those that are difficill and those which are incureable and mortall LO I iudge by the kinde and diuersitie of the Dislocation and bodie as for example the 〈◊〉 is easie to goe forth to goe in also the finger in like manner members leane and where the nerues and ligamentes haue store of humiditie and moistnesse the arme difficill to goe forth and hard to put in againe and in grosse fatte and tender people those with fracture and apostume are euill to heale those are very difficill that haue the sides broken those which haue bene long out are almost impossible the two vppermost vertebres of the necke beeing out letteth the spiration and so the partie dieth within the space of three dayes CO. What method vse you for the cure hereof LO The methode generall for all Dislocations hath foure intentions the first is to put the boane in his owne proper place the extension of the member first made with handes or machins the second intention is to coatinue it in the place by good medicamentes and bandages as in Fractures the third is to put the member in right situation the fourth to giue order to the accidentes as by good dyet purging and bleeding if neede be reduce the Fracture before the inflamation be come otherwise stay till it bee past when it is neare whole or the accidentes past we shal vse thinges to corroborate and comfort the parte with certaine simples sodde in wine next the emplaister oxycrosiuÌ„ or ad fracturas CO. If the Dislocation chaunce with Fracture what is to be done LO First reduce the Dislocation next the Fracture if it be possible some reduce the Fracture next the Dislocation it being reduced and the Dislocation simple foment with oyle of roses whites of egges and cloth wette in oxicrate with splintes putting it in good figure with as little paine as may be It must not be stirred till the 7. day except inflamation or some euill accident doe fall at which time foment it with hot water thereafter the astringent as in Fractures keepe good dyet eate little for 4. or sixe dayes till the inflamation be past If the Dislocation be composed with causes interne as aboundance of humors which looseth the ligamentes wee vse astringent and drying medicines if it be accompanied with dolor and inflamation cure it as yee haue heard if feuer vse good dyet purgations and bleeding in the ende of the cure corroborate the parte with decoction of roses wormewood and wine thereafter the emplaister of oxycrosium The fourth Chapter of the embalming of dead folke SEeing that embalming of the dead is an auncient custome as appeareth by the olde and newe Testament and also prophane histories that the same is vsed in these our dayes aswell of Christians as infidelles I will shew the vsuall maner of it vsed in this our time First we lay the body oâ— a table and make incision from the clauicles to the os pubis next lift the sternon as also the musces of the inferior bellie taking out all which is contayned therein as also the braynes hauing first opened the panne with a saw which all shall be presently buryed in the earth sauing the heart which shall be embalmed eyther with the bodie or alone in a box of lead as the friendes shall thinke good â—hereafter thou shalt make long deepe incisions in the armes thighes buttocks and legges and other fleshie partes chiefly where there are veines and arters to the end they may the better auoyde which thing being done thou shalt diligently wash the three venters as also the partes incised with stronge vineger wherein hath been sodden Worme-wood Allom and Salt thereafter with Aquiâ—itae or fine spirite of Wine doe the lyke then dry all well with Lynnen clothes or sponges and fill vp the three bellies with pouders and a fewe flockes and sow them vp againe the incision shall be filled onely with the pouders and sowed vp likewise the pouders are commonly of Roses Camomill Meliot Mint Worme-wood Sage Lauendar Rosemary Marioram Time Cipres Gentian Iris of Florence all being dryee and beaten to fine pouder and mixed with Nutmeggs Cloues Cinamon Pepper Bengewin Aloes and Mirre Some vse onely for this purpose a fewe the most common of those hearbes with a little quick lime ashes of beane stalkes and of the Oake tree thereafter enroll the Corps in a cered cloth and tie him in all parts with small cords and put it in a coffer of lead well closed This is the common way to preserue dead bodies eyther vnder or aboue the earth for a
other as saith Auicen therfore I vse alwaies to wommen a tablet cordiall or else they eate some-what afore The thirde is called Sciatica situated aboue the anckle is opened athwart as ye haue heard good for sciaticks dolors in the thighes and anckles The fourth is called Medium or renall and is situated vnder the bending of the foote and is opened for such maladies as the other Some say that aboue euery knee about three fingers there are two great veines which Arabes call Salsores and say if the â—â—ick be bled in them he dyeth presently anh Galen is not of their opinion Thinges which are to bee considered to bleede well FIrst the Chirurgian must be in a light place either naturally or with candle also his owne sight should be good as sayth Haly Abbas and must haue a ligator that goeth twise about the arme an inch broad also hee must haue a tound staffe to hold in his hands in like maner a litle oyle to rub on the veine to make it souple also annoint the lancet with sallet oyle before the blood which will appease the paine he must haue diuers lancets of the which some are large some round pointed when the paine is superficiall also when neede is to make a good issue and euacuation which we vse in putride feuers and when the blood is thick and the sick strong some must be long sharp pointed to open when the veines are deepe and hidden as also to make little issues in small superficiall veines when neede is to make deriuation as if the person spit blood or bleede at the nose The issue you make must bleede long to diuert it we make the issue little in people that are out of their wits that the issue may be soone consolide by reason that such people lose the bandage and oft blod much The incision must be made one of 3 waies to wit in leÌ„gth breadth oblique making alwaies an incisioÌ„ in midst of the veine not cutting it altogether which if it be the blood coÌ„meth not wel but alongst the arme and the extremity of the veines retireth one from another Then let him make the issue as it should be cause the blood come well out rub first the arme thou woldest blod geÌ„tly with a hot cloth or thy hand theÌ„ knit it with thy legature a little aboue the elbow let the binding be steady show it selfe the better then the sick party shall close his hand that the veines may shew the better thereafter if it be the right arme the Chirurgian shall take it with left hand neare to the part where he intendeth to make the issue holding his thomb on the veine that it stirre not for oftentimes it rolleth and slydeth from the launcet sometime it yeildeth being full of wynd This being done he shall marke the place with the formost finger of the right hand making a little marke with his naile on the verine then he shall take the launcet betwixt the thomb the formost finger in the midst of it and to the end that he tremble not he shall leaue the other three fingers on the arme and leaue the finger and thomb that holdeth the lancet on the left thomb which holdeth the veine then open the veine softly slyding the poynt of it in the veine not suddenly if the vaine be not opened at the first time prick suddenly againe a little aboue or vnder the first ye may do the same if the hole be not great enough to let out the blood in a reasonable quantity The veine opened in that manner the party shall hold the staffe in his hand that he may rest his hand the blood come out the better Hauing drawen such quaÌ„tity of blood as the cause requireth He shall presse out that which remayneth if there come out any fat as oft happeneth in grosse people thou shalt put it in agayne that done put a pece of câ—oth in 3 or 4 fingers double on the wound and wet it in water bynd the arme with a band of an inch broad that goeth 3 or 4 times about the arme winding it about aboue the elbow and vnder that it neyther be too straight nor too slack If the veins be small blood theÌ„ after meate rather than before for theÌ„ they are more full of blood doe not eat nor drink of an hower after Thinges to bee considered after the veine is opened OFtentimes chanceth after the veine is wel opened that the blood commeth well forth and afterwards suddeÌ„ly doth cease hapneth through too straight ligature saith Auerrois or else for an appreheÌ„sion somtime through wrong euill situatioÌ„ of the arme in these points ye must slack the ligature comfort the party situat the arme right somtime the cause is in the thicknes grossnes of the blod for the which rub the place incised with a litle oyle If the party be weake which shal be knowne by the changing his coulor and the blood running alongst the arme in this yee shall loose the legature close the wound lay the sick on his back cast water in his face vineger to smell to giue him a little wine within a while after loose the band and let him blede till yee haue got such quantitie of blood as shal bee requisite stirre not nor labour thy arme that carrie it in figure triangulare sleepe not two howers after Let the blood stand to know the nature of it for in our bodie there are diuers sorts very vatiable accordinh to the diuersitie of the age the complexion country kinde of the sicknes and partes of the bodie Wee shall iudge the nature and qualitie of the blood three waies first by coulor by the tast and substance As for the color good naturall blood should be red sweete as phlegme naturall and meâ—ne substance when it congealeth not it is a signe that some of the other humors are with it when it is redde cleare and gluttering it signifieth abundaÌ„ce of choller wheÌ„ it is blackish abundance of melancholy naturall or adust which stoppeth it to congeale the fatnes of the blood keepeth it also from congealing Of Arteriotemie or in incision of the Arter LIke as for diuers maladies we blud the veines so we do in some arters Arteriotomia is a detractioÌ„ of blood by the diuisioÌ„ of the arter which was not vsed by our auntieÌ„ts saue onely Menodotus but is greatly in vse now chiefly those in the teÌ„ples behind the eares for great fluxion of of catarrs on the eies brest maladies of the head ingeÌ„dred of a hot fluxion inueterated vaparous spirrits as are coÌ„tained in these arters In opening them first I shaue the haire rub the part the necke with a napkin as the veine making a little incision in the bodye of the arter as in the veine not cutting it altogether draw such quaÌ„tity of blod as is needefull then stay it and put on the wound
an emplastrum of mastick or halfe a beane clouen with a compresse bandage Some feare this kind for that the blood is ill to stay and also for an Aneufrisme it is good in long dolors of the side all dolors that procede frō a hot pituitous substāce also for swining giddines long defluxion on the eyes The 2. Chapter of Boxing and Ventousing VEntousing which the Latines call Ventosatio is no other thing but application of an instrument either for the euacuation of some humor vnder the skinne or to diuerte the course of an humor to some other parte and to draw away such thinges as is hurtfull that nature cannot chace forth and also to drawe out winde in some parte of the bodie It is called cucurbitula or pixis made of brasse horne glasse wood or earth in diuers formes some shorte some long necked for the most part wide bellied and are called ventoses a ventre as saith Auicen some are bigge some lesse according to the proportion of the member the mouth is reasonable wide the lippes round and thicke and are applied most commonly in diuers partes of our bodie They are sometime applyed with scarrification extraction of bloud otherwhiles without scarrification as also on diuers parts of our bodie according to the cause as to draw out some hurtfull humor of the bodie with scarrification and extraction of bloud First we apply them in the necke to euacuate the humor from the head for heauinesse of the head fluxions on the eyes affections of the face and stincke in the mouth secondly wee apply them on the middest of the necke behinde for difficultie of breath and cough thirdly vnder the chinne and sides of the necke for dolors and vlcers of the mouth corruption of the gummes Migrim Opthalmie sore teeth Fourthly on the shoulders for diseases in the Thorax pleuresie spitting of bloud affections on the shoulders of repletion for many affections of the head and throat Fiftly on the region of the reines good for apostumes and dolors of the reines lyuer Sixtly on the middest of the armes for dolor in those partes and in stead of bloudding and is vsed both in olde and young Seuenthly on the os sacrum and thereabouts is good for the hemerroides and fistules in the fundament Eightly on the middest and rootes of the thighes and is good to prouoke the monethly course for Strangurie dolors of the matrix bladder and kidneis The ventouses without scarrification which we call drie ventousing are applyed for the most part in a xi places First on the open of the head for relaxation of Vuula and to stay the rheume as saith Galen Secondly vpon the hypocondres to diuerte the bleeding at the nose as saith Galen when the right nosethrill bleedeth put the ventouses on the region of the lyuer if the left side on the milt so in like manner on all partes that bleede wee put the ventouses on the parte opposite for the communication that the vesselles haue one with an other Thirdly on the pappes to diuerte the purgations that runne much and for the ventositie about the lyuer Fourthly in the beginning of the nerues for Palsie Fiftly on the nauell for the windie collicke Sixtly on the flancke for ventositie of the milte Seuenthly on the nauell or wombe to reduce the intestine or matrix fallen and ventosities in the bellie and dolors which happen in time of purgations Eightly wee apply them on vritors to drawe downe the stones and grauell to the bladder Ninthly on the eares and mouth of vlcers to drawe out any thing contayned therein also for drawing out of poyson Tenthly if any where there is mattir deepe to drawe it out to the superfice as in bubons venerians also in parotides maligne or in any other parte where neede is to drawe any thing to the superfice Eleuenthly on the necke for Squinancie Thinges requisite before the applying of Ventouses FIrst if the body be plethoricke it must be taken away by bleeding otherwise the ventousing is noysome next if the bloud or humors be thicke we vse to foment the place with hotte water rubbe it long with a hotte cloth that ye neuer scarrifie except the application of the drie ventouses haue preceded because the bloud must first bee drawne to the place before it be vacuated that it be not applyed in the bath but an houre or two after The way to apply the ventouses THe Ventouses are applyed with hardes being fastened to the bottome with a little waxe or emplaister to holde it that it fall not on the skinne that being done light them and apply them on the parte Some vse two or three piece◠of waxe candles put on a piece of a carde money or golde the breadth of a crowne being lighted set them on the middes of the parte thereafter apply the ventouse and beeing applyed a certaine space ye shall for to take it away presse the fleshe vnder the lippe of it to let in the ayre and so it shall fall which beeing done make certaine scratches in the skinne with a launcet sometime many otherwhiles fewe in delicate folke and children wee make fewe scarrifications if the bloud be thicke make the scarrifications profound if the humor and bloud be subtill the scarrifications must bee superficiall and apply the ventouses as before let it remayne a reasonable time and euacuate the bloud as ye shall finde expedient if not sufficiently at one time ye may reiterate twise or thrise alwayes scarrifiyng especially when there is venenositie or malignitie in the place by reason of the bloud being thicke and grosse That beeing done it shall be very necessary and expedient to drie the place with a softe cloth annoynt it with oyle of roses butter cerat Galen or rosat Mesnes and sleepe an houre after The third Chapter of Horsleaches or Bloudsuckers and their Effectes THese little beastes which the Latines call Sanguisuga or Hirudines in our toungue Horsleaches are little wormes the length of two inches or three great like to a goose quill well knowne to all Chirurgians ingendred in fresh water pondes pooles of the which there are two sortes the one maligne as those which are bread in rotten standing water where carrion hath bene cast of the which come great accidentes as tumor inflamation vlcers apostumes venenous as we reade of one Messelinus who dyed by putting one on his knee Therefore wee must abstayne from those that haue the head greater then the rest of the body and are greene coloured glittering with blew rayes on the backe the rest of the bodie being blacke we must chuse such as are found in cleane water in pondes and sandie ground that haue their head little and bodies small round red bellied the backes rayed like threedes of golde such shall bee kept a day or two in cleane water to purge them afore they be applyed as also to cause them drawe the
liquor appeasing the thirst mixting the meat in the stomacke CO. What is thirst LO It is an appetite of a thing colde and humide for the drinke doth humect and refresh either actualment presently or potentially to come Pline sayth hot drinke is contrary to nature we must not drinke so soone as we sit downe to the table for it moues and augmenteth the Catâ—ars also there is nothing more euill for Catâ—ars nor to drinke when we goe to sleepe Here we must obserue in drinking that we drinke neuer so much that it it swim in the stomacke as those doe who drinke for pleasure of whome Crinitus maketh mention saying that the first draught quencheth the thyrst the second maketh a man ioyous the thirde maketh him drunken the fourth putteth him cleane out of his senses Macrobius make mention that eating do make a man quiet and drink causes him clatter drinke moderatly taken hath three offices the first it helpeth the digestino the second is to mingle the meates third is to bring it to the Liuer veines and arters and there is two sorts of it the one norisheth like as wine beere and ale the other doth not nourish as water The thirde Chapter of mouing and exercise CO. What meane yau in this place by mouing LO All kinde of voluntarie exercise as labouring running ryding playing wresling leaping dauncing fencing CO. Doe these exercises bring any commoditie to our bodies LO In right vsing of them there commeth great commoditie and in ill vsing great and perilous accidentes Hipocrates sayth who desireth health let him not bee dull to labour for a man may not be healthfull if he trauell not to dissipate the excrements of the third digestion that is much recommeÌ„ded by Galen but he blames all exercise that moues the bodie vnequally CO. What particular commoditie baue wee of exercise LO It helpeth the naturall heate it quickneth the spirite it openeth the pores of our bodies wherby the excrements are consumed and wasted it comforteth all our members it confirmeth the inspiration and other actioÌ„s of our bodies CO. What time is most mete for exercise LO It is best before meate or long time after meate for the stomacke being full of meate it hindereth the digestion Fuchius reporteth that the Schollers of Almaine play immediatly after meate which causeth theÌ„ to full of humors crudities scabbs and vlcers Hypocrates sayth that labour meate drinke sleeping playing and women ought to be moderatly vsed like as all other exercises the exercise should be afore or long after meate as ye haue heard when the digestioÌ„ is perfect in the stomack and veines if otherwise it be vsed there gathereth abundance of crudities and chollâ—rick humors the exercise duly done purgeth the body of many excrements the exercise ought to be done in this manner after yee rise in the morning ye shall walke a little to the end that the excrements of the first digestion may fall into the intestinies and those of the second into the bladder that done spit out all in the mouth throate stomack wash the haÌ„ds face and rubbe it with a rough cloth to cause it to exhall and dissipe the vapours CO. What saist thou touching rest LO Like as exercise duly vsed hath great force for the coÌ„seruation of health so on the contrary much rest not only dulleth the principall instrumeÌ„ts of our bodies but also the minde it maketh many crudities and thereupon great abundance of euill humors Galen reckoneth idlenes to be cause of many cold maladies as also the Mother of many mischiefes the which were too loÌ„g to recite in this place The fourth Chapter of sleeping waking CO. What is sleepe LO Galen sayth it is a rest quietnes of the bodie and chiefly of the spirits and facultie animall CO. What is the cause of sleeping LO The chiefe cause is in the braines when the vapours ascendeth thervnto and by the coldnes of the braines those vapours are changed into humors the which closeth the conducts of the nerues CO. What things doth prouoke sleepe LO All such thinges as maketh abundance of vapors like as wine ale full of barme milke and all thinges that are moist and cold and commonly after meate vapors ascendeth to the head and so prouoke sleepe CO. Doe all men sleepe like quantitie LO That is according to the temperature of the person for some sleepe longer some shorter CO. What space is ordinarily required for men to sleepe LO Seauen howers eight howers some Nine as Galen saith Plinie sayth that in sleeping we spend the halfe of our time it dulleth the head it hindreth to digest the crudities it gathereth abundance of excrementes it hebeteth and maketh grosse the spirits of old folks and children it retyâ—â—â— the excremeÌ„ts in sleeping couer well they head feete for cold of the extremities is verye contrary to those that hath the brains cold humide Plinie in the 7. of his natural history said that Epimenides did sleepe in a caue the space of Fifty 7. yeare being wearied by the heate of the sunne yet when he wakened he thought to haue slept but on day CO. What time is most meete to sleepe LO Hyppocrates Aetius and others are of the opinion to walke on the day sleepe in the night for that is the institutioÌ„ of nature also the sleepe should begin two howers after supper such time is most meete for the digestion of our meates for by slepe the natural heate is in the ceÌ„ter of the body Sleeping on the day filleth the braines full of humidity also it hindereth the concoction of the which coÌ„meth ganting riâ—ting winds heauynesse of the members chiefly of the head diuers sicknesses as catarrhes Cardan couÌ„selleth to slepe in the day but meaneth of such folke that doth not rest in the night CO. WheÌ„ men goe to sleepe Which side shold they lie on LO First on the right side because the meate goe more easily to the bottoÌ„e of the stomack therafter on the other side no wayes on the face for that causeth defluxions in the eyes as saith Iesus nor on the backe for that maketh heate in the raines apoplexie the maire the grauell and diuers other accidents in no wise the handes vnder the head as some doe for that causeth defluxion of humors on the lightes sleepe not soone after meate CO What is to be obserued in sleeping of sicke folkes LO Hippocrates saith those sickenesses wherein the sleeping is painefull esteeme them to be dangerous mortal if not painefull it is a good token CO Is it needefull to obserue dreames in sleeping LO Cardan saith dreames are not to be neglected because sometime by that we know the affections of the humors which demaineth as for example the sanguine dreames are merrie the cholericke dreames are fierie the melancholicke sadde the phlegmaticke colde for they thinke they see raine and snowe in their sleepe CO.
as the presidents the which ingeÌ„dreth not only the maladie but also entertaine such as the humors naturalls offeÌ„ding in quantitie or qualitie also the intempetature feeblenes and euill confirmation dolor of the partes CO. Which are the coniunct causes LO The coniunct is the matter gathered together in the place is so called because it is with the sicknesses and norisheth it with the dispositioÌ„ of the member CO. Which are the generall signes of aposthumes LO Tumor or swelling in any part otherwise than the naturall disposition offending the action also difference of the partes which should be like to other dolor and heate CO. By what signes know you euery kinde of tumur LO Either by the colour intemperature hot cold hardnes or softnes dolor tension mordicaâ—ion as also by contimation of the fluxion for first the colour is like the humor as if it bee red it is of the sanguine humor if white of pituite if black of the humor melancholicke if yellow of chollâ—r Further if there be heate it signifieth either sanguine or choller or some burnt 〈◊〉 or if cold waterie or windy it signifieth the humor pituitâ—ous or melaÌ„cholick Hardnes with-dolor signifieth phlegâ—oÌ„ if without dolorâ—schir If softnes without dolor it signifieth Edema tensioÌ„ betokeneth great repletion of winde if mordication it signifieth the acrimonie of the humor that maketh the tumor CO. Howe many sortes of aposthumes are there LO Two hot and cold CO. Which are the hot LO Those which proceede of blood and choller CO. Which are the colde LO Those which come of phlegme or melancholie CO. Which are those that proceede of blood LO phlegmon Carbunculus Phimus Phigetlon Tâ—rminthon Fermiculus Gangrena Authrax Tuberculus Opthalmia Schinancia Bubo CO. Which are those that come of choller LO Eresipelas Herpes Formica and Empetigo CO. Which are those which proceede of the petuite LO Oedema all windie aposthumes Atheorâ—ma Steotema and Mellericeris Asâ—ites Lenchophlegmatia bronco caele CO. Which are those that come of melancholye LO Schirrus Cancer Leprosie Dracunculus Wartes Clauus Thimus Morphea nigra alba of all which we will hereafter intreate perticulerly in seuerall Chapters at this present it shall suffice to knowe that they proceede of the foure humors CO. What iudgement giue you of tumors LO I giue some to be cureable some dangerous some dolorous some long in healing and some to be mortall CO. Which are cureable LO Those which are in the partes musculous and bodies of good temperature CO. Which are the dangerous LO All those which doe penetrate internallye in the bodie and those which are very large not pointed as sayth Hipocrates and and those which are in parts verie sensible CO. Which are the dolorous LO Those which are in the parts neruous and membranous and are ingendred of a sharp and byting humor CO. Which are long in healing LO Galen sayth that those which happen in rich and delicate persons because they refuse fit remedies for the curation of such tumors also all that are harde and in euill dispâ—sed bodieâ— and hydropicks Elephanticks all such as are long in healing CO. Which are mortall LO Those which are venemous or taken the course inwardly towards the noble partes or those which are in the noble partes How many times or degrees haue the aposthumes LO Foure to wit the beginning augmenting state or vigor and declination CO. What is the beginning LO It is wheÌ„ the tumor doth first appeare and beginneth to swell CO. What is the augmentation LO It is when the tumor groweth more and more as also the accidents CO. What is the state or vigor LO It is when neyther the tumor nor accidents grow but remaine in one estate CO. What is the declination LO It is when wee perceiue the tumor and also the accidents to disminish with a dissipation of the humor eyther by resolution or supuration CO. What is resolution LO It is the euacuation of the humor by the pores of the flesh insensible to vs. CO. What is suppuration LO It is a vertue which maketh the humor gathered in the place into matter so all aposthumes do eyther end by one of these two determinations or else by induration or corruption so in all there are but foure termination the best is resolutioÌ„ in the beginning the worst corruption but supputation is better than induratioÌ„ CO. Which are the signes of these terminations LO The signes of resolution are lightnes or ease of the member tumified diminution of dolor pulsation and tension with itching in the parte The signes of â—upputation are dolor pulsation augmentation of heate and feuer with eminent tumor The signes of induration are diminution of tumor and the accidents precedent with a manifest hardnes The signs of corruptioÌ„ are diminutioÌ„ of feling of the dolor with change of the coulor and so becommeth by little little black and euill sauoured CO. What is the generall cure of aposthumes LO Ar for the cure we must vnderstan'd that eyther the tumor or swelling is in making or is alreadie made for the which cause we haue two intentions the one to stay the fluxion of the humor to the place the other euacuate the humor gathered in the place CO. How stayest thou the fluxion LO First I consider if it come of plenitude of all the body theÌ„ I stay it by letting blod if the region aire time of the yeare strength of the patieÌ„t do permit after the forme ye shall heare in the 7. treatise also by bathing exercise vnctions degerants and abstinence In like maner if cacochymie or plenitude of humors I heale it by vomiting purgations and Clisters If through imbecillitie of the part I fortifie it by meete remedies if by the situatioÌ„ which is lower I situate the part in such fashion that rhe parte offended is higher than the whole If dolor be the cause I stay it by vsing anodine remedies as ye shall heare in the sixt treatise If great heate I stay it by cold things I stay and deturne the fluxion by scarifications ventousing cornets horshleaches straight binding frictions such like CO. By how many waies do you fortifie the part LO By three waies that is by colde and humide things or cold drie or cold and stiptick so any part may be delibated three wais that which is relaxed with heate humiditie must bee coÌ„forted with cold drie things the hot drie is healed by cold humide things If 〈◊〉 and opennes of the pores it is cured by things cold and stiptick CO. Which is the seâ—ond intentioÌ„ LO It doth consist in euacuating that humor which is made to the end the member may returne into his owne estate CO. How is euacuation done LO Two waies first by dryuing the humor to some other part as to repell it inwardly also in fortifiing the member CO. When shall repecussiues be vsed LO In the
ounce of salt and sulphure seethe them in smithes water with a little vineger and foment the part with a spounge or cloth For the same purpose you may make cataplasmes of the flowre of beanes and lentilles and branne sodden in vineger putting thereto a little of annise seedes mirtles or iris the emplaister of melilotus also is good Rogerius counselleth to take the iuyce of walwoortes and sorrell and marathum take of euery of them a reasonable quantitie and seethe them with the vnguent de althea honey oyle and butter make a cataplasme thereof If this tumor commeth to ripenesse cure it as other apostumes if it waxe hard and schirrus cure it as yee shall heare in the Chapter of Schirre The tenth Chapter of the waterie and windie tumors which depend of Edema YEe haue heard in our generall Chapter of diuers kinds of tumors phlegmatickes which pertaine to Edema whereof wee will speake hereafter beginning with the windie tumors which are nothing but certaine windes or inflations ingendred by a spirite thicke vaporous not of subtill substance aerious sometimes these winds are inclosed vnder the skin within the membranes which maketh distention sometime dolor according the part where it is They are sometime in the ventricle in the Puddings and in the capacitie betweene the puddings the peritoÌ„ as in Tympanies soundeth like a drum it is somtime dispersed amoÌ„gst the muscles this is properly inflation differing from Edema for in pressing with the fingers the print doth not remaine but the other kind approch neare to the nature of Edema which is the flatuosities dispersed in the muscles of other parts musculous The cause of this tumor is too much vsing of colde flatuous meates which ingender the humor Phlegmatick and causeth these windes also the cause may bee in the ventricle and puddings also in the obstruction and stratghtnesse of the passages and imbecilitie of the naturall heate as sayth Galen The signs are tumor softnes more cleare than Edema by pressing the fingers there remaineth no marke as in Edema by knocking on it it soundeth like a bladder full of winde and so in these points it differeth from Edema The cure shall consist in two poyntes first in diet which shal be hot and drie eate litle and of light digestion let your bread be of good wheate well baked and salted vse things too corroborat the naturall heat discusse the thick cold vapors and attenuat also to corroborat the ventricle with aromaticall thinges and electuaries as Dia calaminto aromatico gariophillato dia galinga rose such like Eate good flesh as mutton and veale rather rosted than sodden let the drinke be Claret or white wine The secoÌ„d consisteth in euacuatioÌ„ of the humor which is in the part by topical remedies which haue vertue to clarifie the skin to the end the vapours may passe out and are called discutientes or carmenâ—atiues as annis-seedes Isope fennell parsly baccaelauri Iuniper paritorie rosemarie camomill and mellilot oyle of Irin and Bayes of these wee may make cataplasmes fomentations lessiues according to our owne Iudgment also limments of Camomill and Rue Lillies and a little Aquauitae or the emplasters called baccae lauri oxycroci de vigo mixed together make an emplaster and lay to the sore Also a new spong wet in lexiue also lanra succida wet in wine and oyle if these windes make dolor as commonly wee see in the chollick passion first appease the dolor then euacuate the matter which shal be done according to the part habitude of the person and discretion of the learned Chirurgian Vse also clisters carmenatiues if the flatuosities bee in the intestines applie three or foure ventouses on the bellie The eleuenth Chapter of the tumors Phlegmaticks called Atheoroma Steotema and Mellericeris THese tumors are called commonly ecressences phlegmaticks by reason they procede of the humor phlegmatick yet they differ from the other tumor by reasoÌ„ they are in a membrane like little bagges they are also of a diuers strange sorts of matter of the which they take their names as Atheorema is also called because in it is coÌ„tayned a matter like gruell called by the Greekes Athera The Steotâ—ma is so called because in it is contayned a humor like Greace called by the Greekes Stear Mellericeris is so called because in it is contayned a matter both in coulor and consistence like honey called by the Greekes Meli and is hardest of them three to heale As for the other tumors as brâ—nco â—eli ganlion testudo and the residue we shal speke hereafter in the particuler tumors these tumors happen most commonly in places membranous where there is scarsitie of flesh as on the ioynts hands diuers partes of the face The cause is pimitiue antecedeÌ„t and coniunct the primitiue or first motiue strokes falles violent forces immoderate eating and drinking The antecedeÌ„t cause is abundaÌ„ce of humors chiefly of the phlegmatick vnnaturall engendred by euill diet the cause coniunct is the diuers kind of substance contaened in the part The signes are that they appeare by little and little without eyther dolor or president inflamation neuertheles by reason of the diuersitie of the substaÌ„ce contayned in them they haue diuers signes the Ateorema is long in figure in pressing on it it goeth in slowly and returneth not suddeÌ„ly it is soft without dolor the coulor of the skin vnnaturall in the which is found sometime with the matter haire sometimes bones and such like The signes of the Steotâ—ma are hardnes and if it goe in in pressing on it it returneth not easily it is large in the which is contayned with the accustomed matter bones cotten and such like of the which I fonde great quantitie in the knee of a Nun whom I cured in Paris of a Steotema The signes of melliceris are great softnes in touching cleare in pressing on it it goeth in easily and returneth easily and is rounde in figure and contayneth besides the matter accustomed a grauelly hard matter In the cure there is a simple intention to wit euacuatioÌ„ of the matter which is in the place and is done either by a launcet or cauter potentiall not euacuating all the matter at one time Here we must consider that those tumors are soÌ„etimes inserted with veines arters nerues and tendons which require great dextetie in the operarion In taking awaye of the bagge wherein the matter is contayned to the end yee offende not the former partes for better it were to leaue the operation by reason that oftentimes there commeth greate flux of blood as I haue seene chieflye on the temples The tumor being opened yee shall vse such medicaments for the cleansing thereof as yee haue heard in other tumors The matter euacuated wee must consume the whole membrane wherein it is inclosed otherwise it will returne we consume it with pouder of
to the partes as if it come in the face it is called noli me tangere if in the thighes or legges it is called lupus if in any other part it is called cancer The cure of this shal bee in the beginning to stay the melancholidke humor froÌ„ setling in the place and growing which must be done by fitte remedies to purge the melancholicke humor and by bleeding if the age and time permit then abstayne from all meates that ingender this humor and heate the bloud such as olde haires salt flesh harts goats spices mustard pottage cheese fishe and such like walke not much abstaine from great trauell sadnesse and anger vse meates that breede good bloud as mutton veale kiddes capons all sortes of fowles sauing water fowles drinke whay corroborate the liuer and milte As for locall remedies first if it waxe great and in fitte places some counsell to cut it in such sort that there remaine no roote but my opinion is not to doe such thinges but rather followe the counsell of Paul which is to take the iuice of morrell plantaine lettice and sorrell centorie shepheardes purse wette a cloth in these iuices and lay on it Also I haue often vsed the vrine of a young maid in the same fashion and oyle of roses veriâ—ce litage cerusse burnt leade diapalma of these ye may make fit remedies to keepe it in one estate correct gently the acrimonie of the humor If these things let not the augmentation of it we must goe to the cure of cankred vlcers in the treatise of vlcers and thus we ende the Treatise of tumors in generall THE FIFT TREATISE of Tumors in particular HAuing discoursed in the former Treatise of the causes signes and cure of Tumors most generall nowe in like maÌ„ner we shal intreat of the Particular which happen in the most partes of our bodie beginning at the head which is the seat of reason memorie vnderstanding is subiect to many sorts of tumors whereof we will shew at length in this Treatise but specially of those which oftnest do happen beginning first with Hydrocephalie Physocephalie which occupieth the whole head thereafter with those Tumors which occupie certaine partes thereof as the eyes eares mouth nose and cheekes and so descend to other partes of the bodie in like maÌ„ner to the feet extremities of the hands as ye shall heare which contayneth thirtie eight Chapters Chapter 1 Of Hydrocephalie and Physocephalie Chapter 2 Of the Tumor called Nodus or Ganglion Chapter 3 Of the Tumor in the eye called Lippitudo Chapter 4 Of the tumor in the eares Chapter 5 Of the Tumor called Parotidis Chapter 6 Of Tumors in the nose called Ozena Sacâ—oma Polypus Chapter 7 Of the Tumor in the mouth called Vula or Columella Chapter 8 Of the Tumors in the amigdalles called Tonsillae Chapter 9 Of the Tumor called Angina or Strangulatio Chapter 10 Of the Tumors in the teeth called Epulides Chapter 11 Of the Tumor vnder the toungue called Batrachos Chapter 12 Of the tumors in the necke called Struma Chapter 13 Of the Tumor in the throat called Bruncoseli Chapter 14 Of the tumor called Aneâ—â—risma Chapter 15 Of the tumor in the Pappes Chapter 16 Of Pluresie Chapter 17 Of the tumor in thae Nauell called axunfalon Chapter 18 Of the tumor in the bellie called Hydropsie Chapter 19 Of the tumor in the fuÌ„dameÌ„t called coÌ„diloma Chapter 20 Of the swelling of the veines in fundameÌ„t called Hemorrhoides Chapter 21 Of the tumor in the intestinie called Exitus Longanonis Chapter 22 Of the tumor in the Coddes Chapter 23 Of Hernes in generall Chapter 24 Of the tumor inguinall called bubonoâ—â—elâ— Chapter 25 Of the herne called â—nterocele Chapter 36 Of the herne called Epipocele or Zeirbale Chapter 27 Of the herne called Hydrocele Chapter 28 Of the herne called Ventosa Chapter 29 Of the herne called Sarcoceli Chapter 30 Of the herne varicus called Cirsocele Chapter 31 Of the herne Humerall Chapter 32 Of the tumor in the Flancke called bubonecele Chapter 33 Of the tumor in the knees Chapter 34 Of the tumor in the legges called varicus Chapter 35 Of the tumor in the legges called draâ—â—culus Chapter 36 Of the tumor tn the legges or handes called Elephansiasis particularis Chapter 37 Of the tumor in the fingers called panaris or parenâ—chia Chapter 38 Of the tumor or hardues in the toes called Cornes The first Chapter of Hydrocephalie and physocephalie HYdrocephalie is a waterie humor which occupyeth the whole head and Physocephalie is a windie humor which doth the like these tumors are contained eythet betweene the pericrane and skin or betwixt the muscles or betwixt the pericran and crane or betwixt the crane meÌ„branes which couer the braines called dura mater pia mater but the tumor in this case is not great The cause is eyther internall or externall the internall commeth from the matrix and of the Mothers milke which is too waterie and such like foode as breede waterie humors The externall cause commeth of cold presently after the birth it hapeneth also through vnskilfulnes of Midwife as I haue sometimes seene which draweth presseth the childs head so much at the deliuerie that the veines and arters breake not being as yet strong so the blood sheddeth through the rest of the head and degendreth into water The signes are great tumor with deformitie of the head the eies face swelled as doth appeare in the Hydropicks The iudgementes are these such as are within the crane are incurable those that are betwixt the crane and pericrane or betwixt the pericrane and muscles may be cured As for the curation of the curable they are healed partly by diet and by vsing of things drying and abstayning from things humide also by externall remedies applied to the part that drie with some astriction and comfort the head which shal be done by liniments fomentations vnguentes made of calamint origan betonie camomill meâ—â—ot anthos red roses also ye may make lessiues of the vine ashes also shaue the head and applie this emplaster following Rec olibani vnc 1. sarcacollâ— drag 1. gummi arabici seminis raphani anethian 1. vnc di ole de spica parum cerae quantum sufficit fiat emplastrum If the humor be in great abundance or that the crane or membraines are offended we must vse incision and perforation of the crane theÌ„ eaucâ—ate the humor heale the wouÌ„d as in others There is yet a kinde of this called Macrocephalie which is a supernaturall greatnes of the Pan and flesh not properly tumor and receiueth no curatioÌ„ but is siâ—ldome seene one of this sort I saw in Paris of the quaÌ„tity of a pot of 3. quarts The second Chapter of the tumors called Nodus or Ganglion which commeth in the head THese tumors are sometime hard otherwhiles soft alwayes round which chanceth for the
come to at all times yet in so farre as may be it consisteth in good dyet abstayning from all thinges of euill digestion and which breede melancholie nexte the bodie shall bee gently purged then bleede if eyther they flowe moderately or be painefull also bleede in the veyne in the ham or foote If they be tumified applie a horsleach and some medicaments to make them open and ease the paine as cataplasmes fomentations halfe bathes or sassettes of henbane tapsus barbatus violettes redde roses mallowes lintseede all soddeu in milke and applyed on the parte Also the yolke of an egge oyle of roses rose water and creame applyed after the aforesaid manner are of great force Some for this purpose vse hogges doung hotte on the part for the appeasing of the payne as you shall heare further in the poore mans guide Or this take sorrell violettes henbane of euery one a little roast it vnder the aeshes and mixe it with a little hogges grease and lay it on the sore If they voyde much applie ventouses on the shoulders with astringent and corroboratiue emplaisters on the os sacrum and fundament made of sanguinis draconis masticke mallowes with the haire of an olde Hare cutte very small and a little pouder of roset mixe all together with the white of an egge and lay on the foresayde places If the payne be vehement and interne take a tente wette in the foresaide remedie and put in it or take this vnguent composed of rosat mâ—snes cerat Galen comitissae mingled all together in a morter of leade paulus counselleth when there are diuers to leaue one open for a certayne space for feare the humor take the course to some noble parte There are diuers other familiar remedies for this purpose which shall be set downe at large in the poore mans guid The one and twentith Chapter of the Tumor in the Intestine when it falleth called by the Latines Exitus longanouis or Ani precâ—dentia EXitus longanouis is the fourth comming or rather turning ouer of the great Intestine which happeneth through the laxation of the muscle Sphinter the which maketh it fall tumifie which is most common to young children The Cause is externall internall externall are falles and stroakes on os sacrum sitting on colde stones great compression of the fundament also apostumes which happen in these partes The internall cause is great humiditie which relaxeth the muscle fluxe of the bellie oft pressing to goe to the stoole as commonly happeneth to those who haue the Dissenteria The signes are apparant to the sight the Cure shall be in generall and particular remedies the generall shall bee first in good regiment of life abstayning from much drinke pottages hearbes fruites and all meates that ingender erudities also the vsage of purgations shall be expedient The particular remedies are to foment the place with smithes water and redde wine in these shall bee sodden redde roses myrtles centinodie shepheardes purse roch allom seethe all together and foment the place then annoynt it with oyle of bayes and myrtles and apply on it pouder of masticke mirhe and nuttes of cipres thereafter cause the sicke to drawe in his breath so it shall be easily reduced being put in wet a cloth in the former fomentation and lay on it and band it for a certaine space preasse not sore in going to stoole and keepe you warme If for all this it heale not haue recourse to the poore mans guide in the Chapter of diseases of young children in these partes The two and twentith Chapter of the tumor in the Coddes IN the Coddes are situated the stones which are ordayned by nature for the generation of man which are subiect to diuers tumors and inflamatioÌ„s so that sometime the stones doe swell to the greatnes of a goose egge accompanyed with dolor and hardnes so that the heart liuer braines feele the griefe The cause is eyther externall or internall the external are strokes falles application of remedies which offend the nature of these partes the internall cause is defluxion of humors which often happeneth in the lowe parts of our bodie retention of a maling Gonorhea also when the seede is any wise out of the domicill yet retayned in the capacitie as happeneth to yong men in the night so waking at the discharg of that humor they doe retaine it by force which afterwardes rottes and maketh defluxion on the stones as I haue sometime sene The signes are inflamation dolor hardnes ponderositie which may easily be perceiued great dolor of the muscle called Suâ—pensor which giueth voluntarie motion to the stones The iudgments if such tumors bee not swiftly cured the aposthume become harde and sometime Scirrous which may not be cured but by amputation as I haue seene in three diuers persons The cure is generall and speciall generall in good regiment of life abstayning from strong drinke eating little and of good digestion little trauelling bleeding the veine saphen vsing of clisters and prouoking vrine The topicall remedies differ not from other tumors sauing that neither apply remollients nor suppuratiues without great consideration but repercussiues in the beginning as oyle of Roses vineger whites of Egges and such thereafter this remedie that hath the vertue to repell and discusse the humor Rec. radicum altheae lini an vnc 2. foliorum violarum maluae parietarie plantaginis hyosciami aen manip 1. camomillae melioti rosarâ—m siccarum an P. 1. coquautur in oxymelite cum fariâ—is fabarum hordâ—i an vnc se If it turne to suppuration doe as in others if by long delay the stone bee altered the best remedie is amputation if vehemenr dolor as often happeneth apply on the sore cassiafistula or newe Cheese with a little vineger which are thinges most anodine in such griefes The three and twentith Chapter of hernes in generall which happen in the flanck and Codds AS in diuers partes of the bodie happen diners sicknesses so in these partes come 8. sortes of diseases coÌ„monly called ruptures or hernes and are deuided into fiue propers and three coÌ„mons the first of the propers is called Bubonocele or hernia in completa that is when it remayneth in the flanck the second is called â—nterocele or hernia intestinalis that is when the intestine falleth into the codds the third is called Epiploceli or herâ—ia Zirbalis when the caule fall in the codds The first of the coÌ„mons is called Hydrocelae or hernia aquosa which is a watery humor in the codds the second is called Physocele or herâ—ia ventosa which is a winde in the codds the third is called Sarcocele or hernia carnosa which is a scirrous or fleshie substance in the cod the fourth is called Cirsoceli or hernia varicosa which is when the veines that nourishe the stones are dilated and full of melancholicke bloode the fift is called hernia humâ—â—alis which is when any
bee done with thinges that haue little or no mordification according to the nature of the part as this take sirupe of Roses violets fumitarie wormewood honey of Roses vnguent de apio apostolorum â—uscum egiptiacum or this take Turpentine honey of Roses Iris of Florence barley flower Succi apij of ech a little and make an vnguent If there be great putrifaction the matter in great abundance vse this Rec. terebâ—nthine onc 4. vitellorum ouoâ—um onc 2. vnguenti â—giptiaci drâ—g 1. fiat mixio The wouÌ„d being mundified and voide of all superfluitie we vse for the regeneration of flesh vnguentuÌ„ aureum basilicon maius emplastrum de betoniâ—a diapalma tetra pharmacum gratia dei oleum mastichini et absinthij mixe there with a litle flower of barley lupines and orob with Thus Mirh Mastick and Aloes Sometime we vse in these sortes of woundes a certaine drinke called potion vulnerar wherewith wee wash the wound and is thus made Rec. consolidae maioris et mediae serpentariae linguae canis ceruinae herbae Roberti glycirizâ— pimpinellae artemisiae scabiosae plantaginis aristolochiae agrimoniae betonicae pedis columbini capilli veneris ceut anreae maioris et minoris gaiaci sâ—lsâ—parâ—lle millefolij baccharum lauri of which all or some make a decoction in water and aromatize it with cinamond honey or sugar drinke of it twise or thrise a day as it is needefull and also thou maist wash the wound putting thereto a little honey of roses or sirupe of roses The wound being filled with flesh it must be dried with medicaments epupoloticks which by their astriction and drying do harden the flesh and make a substance like to skin as vnguentum desiccatiuum rubeuÌ„ diapompholigos album rasis dia calcitâ—â—s triapharmacuÌ„ cerussâ— de minio mixing therewith galbanum acasia sarcocolla pluÌ„bum et es vstum vitriolum allumen calxlota and such like The fift intention is in correcting the accidents which are diuers and great for some come by accideÌ„t or some sharp feeling of the part hâ—rt as dolor inflamatioÌ„ conuulsion feuer and such like some come through violence of the buÌ„llet as extinction of the naturall heate of the part hemoragie dilaceration contusion of the nerues fractures of the bones some by the ignorance of the Chirurgian for the which cause he must be diligent to stop such accidents if they happen to help them with speede The sixt Chapter of woundâ—s in the veines and Arters HAuing spoken sufficiently of woundes in the fleshe in like manner you shall heare of them in the veines and arters one or moe without with losse of substaÌ„ce which are accompanyed with flux of blood which coÌ„meth wheÌ„ there orifice is open and is done by incision imbecilitie of the veines abundance of blood or some sharp qualitie when their tunicks are deuided contused and pearced or else wheÌ„ the blood goeth through the veins as the sweate through the skin the tunickes and membranes are deuyded by some externall cause as contusioÌ„ ryding shooting falles in diuers manners The signes are these if the flâ—xe be of the arter or veine of the arter the bloode commeth leaping out subtilly red and hot If it be more grosse black and thick and not leaping it proceedeth of the veines as sayth Auiâ—en The Iudgments are if the blood come out in great abundance it is dangerous chiefly when there is eyther conuulsion belching or rauing if it be not stayed it causeth death because it is the treasure of life As for the Cure there are two intentions the first to stay the blood the second to conglutinat the wounde the blood is stayed by filling vp the wound with drie lint and aboue it an astringent or cloth wet in vineger if that stay it not remoue the lint often wet it in vineger which staunceth it much for these thinges cold and mordicant stay flux of blood in the wounds or make this medicament of bolarmenie sanguinis draconis thuris aloes of each like quantitie mixe them with the white af an egge and the haires of an olde hare cut small thereafter binde it reasonable straight wetting the bands clothes all about it in oxycrate touch it not in foure dayes in touching remoue all very softly if it flick to humect it with oyle whites of eggs or wine Some to stay blood put these pouder in the whund wich I haue somtime vsed viz. maÌ„s blud dried with burnt cloth wherwith thou shalâ— fill the wouÌ„d full some apply veÌ„touses frictioÌ„s ligators on the parts opposite some hold their thumbe long on the mouth of the veine which is a good remedie for the blood coÌ„gealeth in the veine so stanceth If for al these remedies it stanceth not we apply on the veine or arter a little linâ— wet in vineger with a little pouder of vitriol otherwise wee knit them as was taught in the Chapter of Aneâ—â—risme if that cannot be done we canterize theÌ„ with hot IroÌ„s taking heede to touch the parts neâ—â—ous Shelander counselleth the gum lemnium soddeÌ„ Rennish wine which hath many vertues for it digesteth mundifieth incarnateth is good in wounds of the head as saith Matheolus If none of these staunch flux of blood it is dangerous if it be in the matrix intestins or bladder it shal be stayed by iniections of iuyce of plantine and such like the blood being stayed the wound is healed as others hauing regard to the part for as the veine is more drie than the flesh and more soft than the arter so it must haue contrarie remedies in like manner the wound in the arter is harder to be healed than that in the veine Sometime there coÌ„meth such flux of blood at the nose that it is hard to staunch for the which take an ounce of boll the barke of Pomegarnet tree balaust and galles of each 3. drammes seede of white Poppie 2. drammes incorporat altogether with the white of an egge and vineger and apply on the temples and nose if by this the violent flux doe not stay take foure graines of my requies which infallibly stayeth all fluxes The seauenth Chapter of wounds in the nerues and parts Neruous CVttes and thrustes in the nerues chaunce in diuers parts of our body and in diuers maners according to the instrument it is done with some are simple others composed superficiall profound according to the diuersitie of the which we must diuersifie the remedie The causes ye haue heard in the generall Chapter The signes are knowne by offending of the mouing feeling and by the vehemeÌ„t dolor which causeth fluxion feuer spasme rauing inflamatioÌ„ fluxioÌ„ on the nerues The iudgments are that all wouÌ„ds in parts neruous are daÌ„gerous for the great coÌ„munication they haue with the braines and the nerue halfe cut is more dangerous and dolorous than if it were all cut which if so be the action of
heart and the inferior venter for the lyuer the which three domicilles being wounded there must some other particularities bee obserued for curation thereof then ye haue heard Therefore we wil discourse of them seuerally first of the head The head wherein are contained the braines is subiect to solution of continuitie which sometime is simple otherwhiles composed with fracture of the crane some penetrateth the membranes other the proper substance of the braines the Cause and Iudgements are as ye haue heard in the Chapter generall of woundes The Signes of the simple are as in others the signes of fractures mortall in the skull are feuer before 13. dayes in Winter and 7. dayes in Sommer euill colour of the wound liuide little quantitie of mattir the skinne drie and aride the toungue blacke auoiding vnawares of excrementes and water the sicke raueth pustulles in the toungue conuulsion in the parte opposite some fall into apoplexie and death followeth The signs of healing of fractures in the head if after the head be trepained or the bone cut out by stroke or otherwise the membrane called dura mater being of naturall coulor and mouing and the flesh that groweth be red and the sick remouing well his neck and iawes all these are good signes otherwise not The simple wounde is cured as others the composed with fracture and other accidentes is cured after diuers maners according to the diuersitie of the fracture as ye shall heare The bone is sometime broken superficially otherwhiles to the middst and sometime thorough both the tables offending the membranes that couer the braines of the which fractures there are fiue kinds the first is called fissure or cleft which shal be knowne by incisioÌ„ of flesh to the pan in forme of St. Andrewes crosse theÌ„ seperate the crane froÌ„ the pericrane put in lint to dilate the wound to the end the trepan or other instrumeÌ„t touch not the flesh if in cutting any veine or arter it bleede it must be knit Thou shalt know the cleft by rubbing on it with thy naile which if you suspect to be in both the tables cause the sick to hold his mouth and eyes close holding in his breath and if there issue out humiditie by the cleft be assured that both the tables be riuen for the which we must eyther with trepan rongin or other instrument cut the bone to dura mater taking away the least you can of the sayd bone as counselleth Celsus giuing onely issue to the blood and matter contayned in the place The second kind of fracture is called conâ—usion which is oftentimes so great that it seperateth the crane from the flesh for the â—â—â—edies which we vse section to euacuate the blood yet applying no humide remedies which are contrarie to the bone of the head sometime the craniâ—uâ— is pressed in by the stroke chiefly in children that haue the bone yet soft which sometime rise of themselues if not we apply ventouses and cause the sicke to hold in his breath to make it rise amplasters which haue the force to draw If for all this it doth not rise incise the flesh and apply a â—ire found if that be not suffitieÌ„t apply a trepan the an eleuator The third kinde is pressing downe of cranium which coÌ„meth by the weight of the instâ—â—â—ent it is done with or else with a fall froÌ„ some high place is reduced as the precedeÌ„t if it be pressed down by peeces it must be lifted with the eleuator or piâ—cetts meete to draw these peeces without the meÌ„branes apply not the trepaÌ„ if the bones be altogether broken The fourth kind is called incision in the boneâ— wheâ—e of there are diuers kinds according to the diuersity of the instrumeÌ„t according to the which we must diuersifie the remedies if it chance the flesh bone be all cut thou shalt by the couÌ„sel of Celsus euacuat the blood if any be cleanse dresse wel the wouÌ„d close the bone with the flesh sow vp the wound leauing a space for the teâ—â—to euacuat the matter in both sides The fift kind of fracture is called counterclift that is wheÌ„ the cleft of the bone is in the part opposite to the sore and of all fractures this is the worst and deceaueth most the Chirurgian for in it there is no signe but coniecture and by feeling the hurt man in oft putting his hand on the place and if he got the stroke with violence if he fall after he got it if he did vomit notwithstanding there be no cleft where he got the stroke I haue known sundry die in this case chiefly at the battel of Sandlis in France a valiant Captaine of Paris who had a stroke on the right parietarie who notwithstanding of all handling by skilful ChirurgiaÌ„s dyed within 20. daies at which time his cranium was opened and there was founde great quantitie of blood vnder the left parietarie with cleft in the same There is yet another kind of maladie called coÌ„motion or astonishment of the braines the which causeth the same accidents as the the fracture of the cranium is caused by falles from the high places strokes shot of bullets launces or by the sound of a Cannon shot or with the hand as fayth Hyppocrates speaking of a man who gaue a young woman in playing a little blow on the os bregma who incontinent tooke a feuer and conuulsion voided humors by the eare and so dyed We must vnderstand that any violent stroke may astonish the head and be occasion to breake veines and arters not onely of those which passe betweene the sutors but also those betwene the tables for the suspention of dura mater of the which commeth great flux of blood which runneth betwixt the bone and membranes or betwixt the membrane and braines which afterward doth rot and cause many accidents as dyuines of sight vomiting of chollor which chanceth by reason of the nerues of the sixt coniugaton that hath connexion with the stomack in like mannner inflammation of the membranes which communinicate to all the body and causeth feuer rauing aposteme corruption in the braines death The woundes of the head must in no wise be neglected albeit they bee but small for oftentimes in little woundes come great accidentes and especially in bodies euill disposed The cure hereof consisteth first in abstayning from wine and strong drinke vsing ptysan or soddeÌ„ water with a little syrupe of vyolerts or acetose called potus diuinus so continue till the accidentes bee past let the sicke eate little and of good digestion as Capons Chickens Pigeons Veale Mutton and such like vsing a straight dyet till the accidentes bee past in the meane time he may vse Comfitts of Sorrell conserue of Roses for such thinges keepe the vapours from ascending to the head the aire must neyther be hotte nor colde sleepe moderately and purge gently with Clysters bleede in the Cephalicke veine according
Land The eleuenth Chapter of woundes in the Thorax THe Thorax which is domicill to the heart and lights suffereth solution of continuitie in diuers manners whereof some are externe and doe not penetrate others penetrate to some of the partes contayned therein as the heart lightes mediastin and diaphragma some passe throughout of the which some are cureable some incureable and some mortall as yee haue heard in the Chapter Generall as also the Causes and Signes Those which penetrate at the backe are more dangerous then at the interior part because of the veines arters nerues and such like The Cure consisteth in good dyet in the sixe vnnaturall thinges purgation letting of bloud according to the temperature of the body time and Region Those which doe not penetrate differ nothing from the generall of other simple woundes sauing onely in binding which must be incarnatiue sometime narrowe otherwhiles broad according to the difference and scituation of the wounde Touching those which penetrate there is great diuersitie of opinion in the cure some are of the opinion to consolide the wound as soone as may bee to hinder the externe ayre to hurt the partes vitall others giue counsell to holde them open and in case the issue be not large enough to dilate it and make it larger that if there bee any bloud or other thing in the capacitie it may auoyde but which of these wayes ought to bee followed the iudgement of the expert Chirurgian is to bee required knowing first if it doth penetrate which shall bee done in closing his mouth and nose and then holding a candle to the wound if the ayre coÌ„meth forth it is sure that it penetrates if there be bloud in the capacitie you shall know by the ponderositie of the diaphragma accompanied with dolor feuer and vomiting if any chiefe part be offended ye shall know by the signes set downe in the Chapter Generall If neither bloud bee shedde nor any parte offended yee shall conglutinate the wound putting no tent therein vsing onely a little of my balme set downe in the Chapter of Gunshot in the meane time vse one potion vulnerar which doth penetrate If there be any little thing left in the wound nature will easily discharge it for as saith Galen it doth expell not onely that which offendeth through the pannicles but also through the middest of the bones Those which penetrate with effusion of bloud on the diaphragma are not mortall must be tented with a threed at the tent to the ende that if it goe in it may bee drawne out agayne cause the sicke lie on the sore side chiefly when you dresâ—e him that the bloud and mattir may issue at the wound vsing alwaies iniections of barley pimpernell pilosell buglosse scrofularie cheruill all sodden in water putting thereto a little honney or syrrâ—pe of roses with a little white wine for a certaine time Sometime the bloud cannot euacuate by the wound it being higher then the diaphragme which causeth difficultie of respiring for the which make an issue as ye haue heard in Empiema to euacuate the humor contayned if the putâ—efaction be great mixe with the foresaid iniection a little egiptiac the wound being mundified with this or such like thou shalt vse this iniectâ—oÌ„ which is somewhat desiccatiue Rec. rosâ—rum balaustiorum myrtilorum an onc 1. mirabolani citrini an onc 2. mellis rosati parum coquantur in aqua plantaginis ad consumptionem tertiae partis with this thou shalt washe the wounde twise a day If the body be of an euill temperature or that the nether part of the lightes be hurt it stayeth not quickely but will voyde much then we must vse a tent of lead or siluer that is hollow within that the matter may enacuate we vse also this decoction to drinke in the morning fasting foure howers after Take scabions buglâ—sse borage pimpernell aristoâ—â—lochia agrimonie betonie pilosell an M. se vnarum mundatarum seminis hipericonis et cardui benedicti an onc 1. florum trium cordialium an P. 1. coquantur in aqua adde in sine vâ—ni albi parum sirupi rosati et cinamomi an onâ— 2. vsing on the wound the emplaster Diacalciteos malaxed in wine If notwithstanding these remedies it remaineth long in healing it doth degenâ—er infistull for the curation of the which haue recourse to the Treatise of vlceâ—s Chapter of Fistula The twelfth Chapter of wnundes in the Bellie THe inferior venter wherein the Lyuer with the Kydneis milt are inclosed is often wounded in diuers manners some penetrates and some not offending the parts contayned as the stomack liuerr milt kidneis guttâ— veines arters the epiplon and vâ—iâ—ers or some other part the causes signes and Iudgments whereof ye haue heard in the generall Chapter The Cure is those that do not penetrate are cured like other simple woundes those which penetrate into the capacitie require an other manner of cure Woundes in the side in the oblique muscles are not so dangerous as those in the transuersall because that the peritone is vneasie to sow specially in musculo recto which descendeth from the brest to os pubis Also little woundes in those places are more difficill than those that are more ample in them if the gutts come not they tumifie and so are vneasie to put in againe for the which vse such remedies as ye haue heard in Axâ—mphalon vsing the future Gastoraphick if the gutts be pearced they must be sowed with future pellitor and cast on the wound the pouder of aloes mirre mastick and boll and reduce it softly in the owne place vsing an emplaster retentiue and agglutinatiue If the lâ—iâ—â—ium be cut it is impossible or most dificill to heale by reason of the great veines coÌ„tained therin if any of the guts hath changed coulor there is no hope If the caule of the venter be altered it must be knit and reduced as ye haue heard in the generall Chapter In all woundes in the bellie vse Clisters and innections astringents detersiues chiefly if the great intestine matrix or bladder be hurt And so we end this Treatise of woundes and shall follow out that of vlcers after the same manner THE SEAVENTH TREATISE of vlcers which contayneth Ten Chapters By Peter Low Arellien Chapter 1 Of vlcers in generell Chapter 2 Of vlcers sâ—nious and their curation Chapter 3 Of the vlcer Virulent Chapter 4 Of the vlcer profound and Cauernous Chapter 5 Of the vlce Sordide and Putride Chapter 6 Of vlcers difficill to Cure Chapter 7 Of vlcers with corruption of the Bones Chapter 8 Of vlcers Cancrous Chapter 9 Of Fistula Chapter 10 Of Burninges The first Chapter of vlcers in generall CO Seeing wee haue amply spoken of tumors and wounds of their definitâ—n cause signes and cure so in like manner we will proceede in vlcers seeing many tumors and woundes doe suppure and degender in vlcers so it is needefull after the Treatise hereof to speake of vlcers
man haue an vlcer whether it be come to him before his sickenesse or in the sickenesse and the sicke die that vlcer shall bee before hee die drie blewe or pale The same Hippocrates saith also that those who haue vlcers accompanied with tumor doe neither fall in conuulsion rauing nor phrensie but if the tumor goe away without manifest cause if the vlcer be in the backe the sicke falleth in spasme if before in the bodie in rauing and phrensie if in the thorax before he falleth in empâ—â—m and pleurisie all vlcers accompanied with varices or inteÌ„perie and those also that haue the sides hard are difficill to heale all vlcers in the extremities of the muscles of the legges and armes are difficill and dangerous as also those which penetrate in the bodie such vlcers as chaunce in the extremities of the bodie as in the feete or handes make oft phlegmons or other tumors against nature and in crisis of a maladie are difficill CO. Which are those which are of easie curation LO Those which happen in bodies of good complexion in the which none of the foresaid accidentes doe happen CO. Which are the chiefe causes that hinder the healing of vlcers LO According to Galen the chiefe cause is want of good bloud to ingender flesh or else that it is euill either by quantitie or qualitie of it selfe also dolor intemperie apostume contusion erisipelas echymois superfluous flesh hardnesse callositie of the sides corruption of the boane varices hemoragie of bloud also roundnesse in figure for the which Hippocrates counselleth if the vlcer bee round to put on it an other forme Imbecillitie of the part vlcered indisposition of the lyuer or milte retention of the monethly course in women and of the hemerroihdes and also the applying of medicines vnmeete for such vlcers Many ignorant barbors faile herein thinking one kinde of emplaister to bee good for all sores in the which they are deceiued for hee that would cure vlcers must first take away the cause as also the impedimentes and accidentes otherwise he trauaileth in vaine as saith Paulus for the perfourmance whereof we must ordayne first good dyet secondly take away the cause antecedent to witte the humor which falleth which shall be done by purging bleeding according to the cause on the parte thirdly correct and heale the accidents and indispositions which accompanie the vlcer these thinges done hee may come to the curation hereof as shall be particularly set downe of euery kinde of vlcer in his proper place The second Chapter of Vlcers sanions and the Curation thereof AS in the former Chapter I haue spoken of Vlcers in generall of their difference cause signes and iudgements cure so now I will particularly intreat of them All Vlcers are either simple or composed with some other maladie the simple Vlcer requireth onely desiccation those which are composed and ioyned with some other accident except those accidentes be taken away cannot heale for the cure of the which there are foure Intentions first in the way of life which shall bee according to the strength of the sicke nature of the maladie aboundance of the humors in the bodie as if the humors be hotte and sharpe we ordaine colde thinges The second Intention is in diuerting and intercepting the matter antecedent which is done by purgations and bleeding if the strength permit also by frictions ligators application of emplaisters that haue the force to repell the matter The third Intention is in correcting the accidents ioyned with the vlcer as dolor tumor contusion excrescence of the flesh callositie of the lippes rottennesse of the boane varice and wormes First then wee must labor to take away the intemperie which shall be knowne by the colour of the member by the touching and feeling of the patient which sometime is hotte sometime colde which if it be drie wee remedie it by purgation and bleeding also if neede be foment the place with hotte water till it growe redde as counselleth Galen thereafter vse this vnguent made of mallowes sodden in water with a little hogges grease and honney mixed with nutritum ceratum galeni rosatum populeon incorporate with plantaine water morrell and housleeke If the Intemperie be humide vse vnguents that drie as pompholigos de plumbo cerusa allom water vnguent basilicon citrinum fuscum de althea or this fomentation of claret wine in the which hath beene sodden roses betonie wormewood roch allom If the Intemperie bee cold we foment the part onely with wine wherein wormewood hath beene sodden hyssope calamint rosemary vnguent basilicon de althea If the Intemperie be hotte we remedie it by water of plantaine solanum housleeke or vnguentum rubrificum cum camphora or cerat galen if there be dolor with vlcer which commeth of intemperie erosion of a subtill humor or solution of continuitie or plenitude of grosse humors or a flatuous spirite for the which take vnguent populeon oyle of yolkes of egges vnguentum album camphoratum with other such as are in tumors if the dolor be vehement we make a cataplasme narcotick of barly flowre oyle of roses henbane mandrager poppie all sodden in milk If the dolor be accompanied with tumor first looke to the cause of it thereafter ordayne the dyet straight and cold bleeding purging according to the nature of the humor with such particular remidies as ye haue heard in tumors The excrescence of the fleshe shal be taken away with caâ—ters rasors sheeres pouder of mercurâ—â— burnt allom â—â—â—stum squama aeris vnguentum aegiptiacum apostulorum vitrioli romani The hardnes is cured by Remollientes and Resoluentes as goose henns ducke and calues greace oyle of Lillies lumbricorum vulpinum muscilaginis of althea and fenigreci basilicon diachilon magnum de muscilaginibus thereafter scarifie as couÌ„selleth Auicen then put pouder of mercurie or cut it with a Rasor to the soft part If the vlcer become blacke and Red scarifie it and lette it bleede well and applye thinges drying If it bee accompanyed with Varice it must bee taken awaye as yee haue heard in the Chapter of Varix If there be rottensse in the bone yee shall haue recouse to the proper Chapter If there be wormes in the vlcer wee must consume the rottennes and humiditie they are ingendered of and kill them also take the decoction of Wormewood Agrimonie Centorie Calamint which is to wash the vlcers also in the eares fasting spittle is good for vlcers in the eares and make the Cicatrize well fauoured with the foresayde dococtioÌ„ wash the vlcers as also with Oyle of Wormwood the pouder Aloes mixed with the Oyle of Absynthe and a little waxe is verye good Millefolum taken the weight of one dramme in white Wine sleaeth the wormes in bellie also The fourth intention consisteth in healing of the places vlcered which shall bee doone in taking away the impediments as ye haue heard thereafter ciâ—atrize the vlcer with such
thinges as are set downe for the consolidation of woundes The third Chapter of vlcer virulent and Corrosiue HEre yee shall heare of those two vlcers which are not much different those vlcers which haue certaine virulencie and venenositie are virulent but after the bitternes augment and corrodeth the flesh and maketh 〈◊〉 greate it is called corrosiue or eating vlcer if eate much of the flesh nor going deepe it is called ambulatiue if yet it doth augment it becommeth in cancer or lupus as yee shall heare The Cause of these vlcers are euill bilioâ—s humors sharpe and byting the which get some malignitie venenositie by their adustion and happen oft after Herpes or woundes that haue been irritated by sharâ— and byting medicameÌ„ts The Câ—re is first in the manner of life according to the disposition of the bodie and humors that raigne nexte in purging partly for the euacuation of such sharpe humors thirdly in applying fit medicins on the vlcer as if it be very humide the medicaments must he more drying and lyke to the parr as this take water of allom or playntine decoction of Cypres Mirabalon baâ—k of Pomegarnet such like If there be great heate in the place coole it by refrigeratiues desiccatiues Guydo for such vlcers vseth a cake of leade rubbed with quicksiluer vnguentum pompholigos de minio or de plumbo vnguentum rubrum cum camphora take any of these mixed with a litle tuthiae preparate plumbi vsti cerusae lotae beaten in a morter of lead with water of plantaine a little terra sigillata with a little oyle of Roses make an vnguent If the malignitie be great oft the body is drie and consume these humors with canters actuall pouder of mercurie mixed with vnguent rosat till such time the malice be consumed thereafter wash it with the decoction aboue specified If by all these remedies wee profit not we vse the thochisces of diandron de musa arsnic copporous vsing alwaies defensiues to repercute the fluxion which may come through the violence of these remedies If these be not suffitient Auicen counselleth to cut the member infected and vlcered The fourth Chapter of the vlcer profound and Cauernous The vlcer cauernous hath theorifice staight the bottoÌ„ broad many cauernes some right some oblique with diuers fractuositiues without hardnes callositie so differ from fistules The cause of such vlcers is apostemes wounds euill healed in the which the matter hath bâ—n loÌ„g retayned the orifice higher than the bottom as ye haue heard the party debilitated so causeth defluxion of superfluous humors not only of the part but of al the body Thou shalt know these cauernes by the sonde either of lead siluer or a wax candle therin coÌ„tained by the iniection if it be white cernsse it is cold if it be subtil reddish the matter is hot those that are easie to heale haue litle matter with diminitioÌ„ of dolor humor The cure of such vlcers coÌ„sisteth first in the way of life with remedies according to the quality of the humor nature of the part vlcered as also the situatioÌ„ the dolor intemperie other accideÌ„ts that entertaine the vlcer As for the topicall remedies if the orifice be in coÌ„modious situatioÌ„ that the matter may euacuat by vngueÌ„ts emplasters muÌ„dificatiues deâ—iccatiues with lygaturs coÌ„presses fomentatioÌ„s iniectioÌ„s of red wine if the orifice be high the bottom low the meÌ„ber must bee siâ—uat in such fashioÌ„ that the nethermost be as ye haue heard in wouÌ„ds cauernous If by the situatioÌ„ the matter doth not euacuat or if it be in such places that it cannot be so situated theÌ„ make an incisioÌ„ froÌ„ the orifice to the bottom with mete instrumeÌ„ts thereafter appease the dolor and flux of blood if it be in such parts that this incision bee not sanely done theÌ„ make an issue in the bottom put a seton as in wounds caneruous or a tent wit some fit medicin that muÌ„difieth as ye haue heard in tumors or this Rec. mellis lib. 2. viridis aeris 3 5 olei rosati lib. 1. aristolachiae longe alluminis cerusae an onc 1. fiat vnguentuÌ„ or wash with wine honey called mulsum If the humor bee sanguinolent and euill sauored wash the vlcer with Oxymell Allom water or honey aqua marina with a little egyptiac Albucrasis counselleth to dissolue egyptiac with Hydromell which mundifieth and corecteth the maligninie If the matter be subtill and waterie take barley agrimony centory worme wood and seeth in honey and vineger it being cleansed vse this in carnatiue and glutinatiue take the rootes of Iris Plantaine Agrimony sodden in water and honey Auicen councelleth the emplastrum catholicon centorium which is of a merueilous effect in this put also the emplastrum de minio diâ—calciteos or nigrum composed with galles honey pouder of Iris aloes mirre and sucâ—like Togat setteth a marueilous good medicine to congâ—tinat vlcers made thus Rec. decoctionis hordei lib. 1. mellis rosati onc 3. sacrocâ—llae dâ—ag 2. mirrâ—thuris an drag 1. vini odoriferi onc 3. bulliant ad consumptionem tertiae partis addendo aloes paruÌ„ straine this put it on in the vlcers bynd it vpward shift it once a day till the vlcer be whole The fift Chapter of the filthy rotten vlcer THese vlcers which are oppressed with abundance of matter thick tough and euill coulored are called by Guydo and others sordids and filthie if they augment rot and mortifie the fâ—esh vlcered voyding a matter euill sauoured and cadauerous they are called vlcers putrids If the malignitie and rottennes continue it is gangren and is called vlcer gangrenous of the which ye haue heard The Cause is abundance of grosse humors proceeding of an adustion and ebulition of blood for the which they become venemous and maligne as chaunceth after carbuncles tumors and woundes euill dressed The Cure of them consisteth in regiment as ye haue heard in the Chapter of carbuncle the vsing of the decoction of gaiac is good to dry vp the humors and eucuat them by sweating Auicen coÌ„mendeth much purging of the bodie to discharge the part of these euill Humors by medycines mundificatiues like as humiditie by drying medicines by ventouses scarcifications horsleaches epithems Topicall remedies are first to wash the place with hydromell and aqua marina apostolicon or egiptiac and put on the vlcer applying on it an emplaister de bolo with cloth wette in oxicrate If the matter gender in corruption wash it with oxicrate water of cenders or white soape with this emplaister made of salt fish flowre of aristolochia longa orobie sodden in wine and put on the sore If this be not sufficient take this medicament quod recipit dragaganti rubri dicti auripigment onc 1. calcis vinae alluminis corticis mali punici singulorum onc 6. thuris galâ—â—rum
singulorum onc di cerae et olei an quaÌ„tum sufficit fiat vnguentum with defensiues of bol If for all this the vlcer augment and grow worse we vse more strong remedies to consume the putrefaction as canters actuals or rasors or medicaments that haue vertue to make a scale according to the saying of Hipp. that which healeth not by medicaments it healeth eyther by iron or fire which shall be continued till ye come to the good flesh and shall be knowne by the colour Arsenic or vitriol roman is good to separate the rotten from the whole being mixed with aquauitae honney and egiptiac If by all these remedies ye profite not but that the euill doth augment the parte must be cutte off for the safetie of the rest as counselleth Celsus The sixt Chapter of the Vlcer difficill to heale called Cacoethes YEe haue heard that some Vlcers are easie some hard and some indifferent but those vlcers which heale not after all thinges duely vsed are called Cacoethickes or malignes and long in healing and by Galen dispulotica The Cause is the euill temperature of the bodie as if the humors be vitiated called by the Greekes cachochymie or if there bee aboundance of humors called by the Greekes plethorie they must be also euacuated also that that the callositie or intemperie in the parte must be taken away The Signes are the diuturnitie of the Vlcer the indisposition and malice of the humor the hardnesse and callositie of the lippes tumified there commeth Sanie in quantitie but thin euill sauoured little dolor sometime healeth and oft openeth vp againe chiefely in the feet and legges As for the Cure ye must take away the cause and reduce the parte to the naturall otherwise it is impossible to heale it If there bee plenitude cachochymie intemperie either of all the bodie or some parte interne as the lyuer the milte the stomacke or else of the part vlcered about it vice in the humor or some varix roundnesse and hardnesse of the vlcer first ye must purge the body as yee shall finde expedient bleede if cause require vse good dyet eate thinges that ingender good humors vsing decoction of falseperell made thus Take salseperâ—ll onc 4. guiac onc 1. di macerentur per noctem in lib. 8. aquae purissimae bulliat lento igne ad consumptionem mediae partis addendo in fine saniculi buglossi pilosellae pimpernellae quinque neruiâ— gaâ—â—ophillate consolidae maioris et minoris capillâ—rium omnium an m. di glicerize rase onc di fiat decoctio capiat summo mane et sudet et a prandio onc 4. sine sudore et aliis horis si voluerit This is a most excellent helpe for all vlcers If the fault be in the liuer milte or stomacke corroborate these partes by aduise of the learned Physitian if the fault be in the part vlcered eyther beeing tumified with varix such accidentes it shall be corrected as in vlcers sanious as also if it be rounde If the fault be in the humors which occupie the vlcer they must be euacuated All Vlcers which are difficill to cicatrize must haue the bloud about them euacuated either by scarrifications or horsleaches and washing it with allom water and such as ye haue heard in vlcer putride If the parte about the vlcer be blacke liuide or redde scarrifie it and euacuate wel the bloud applying a drie sponge with medicamentes defensiues as in vlcers sanious If the lippes of the vlcer be callius hard and liuide it must be consumed with medicamentes if not that way weâ—â—t the hardnesse to the quicke flesh and let it bleede well to diuertise the fluxion intercept the cause of the hardnesse These thinges all obserued thou shalt followe out the rest of the cure as is set downe in the simple vlcer The seuenth Chapter of Vlcer with corruption of the Boane THere are some Vlcers which after they are healed and cicatriced a certayne space become tumified suppure and renue the vlcer agayne which chaunceth when the vlcer hath beene long in healing maligne fistulous gangrenous cancrenous by the defluxion of the humor in the proper substance of the boane as wee see in the virulence of the venerian sickenesse the which consumeth the periost rotteth the boane and consumeth the bloud which is the proper nouriture thereof also application of oyle or thinges vnctuous on the boane which corrodeth This corruption commeth by degrees first becomming fat through the humor which is soaked in it next either black or rotten and is knowne by the mattir that commeth from it which is viscous and stincking also great store of spongious flesh the corruption is also knowne by the sight not being white as it ought also by the sounde not equall but knottie and soft For the Curation after remedies vniuersall let there be vsed a good dyet purging and bleeding and vsing this potioÌ„ in the morning not eating foure houres afore nor three after Rec. hor dei mundi partes 3. gentianae partes 2. centaureae minoris parta 1. coquantur in vino albo putting to it a little gaiac this potion is good for the suppuration of the boanes as is learnedly written by Togatius The particular remedies are of three kinds that is rougins canters potentiall and actuall before the application of the which we must be assured what quantitie of the boane is altered then incise the vlcer discouer that which is offended and if the rottennesse be but superficiall we vse rougin till we perceiue the bloud which sheweth it not to be altered The boane which is neere consumed as in the head and such places as be neere the noble partes and ioynts and in the ridge of the backe we vse also the rougin with this pouder of the rootes of aristoloohia iris florentiae corticis pini thuris aloes sâ—oriae aeris an partes aequales stampe them in aquauitae and drie them in an ouen which shall bee done twise or thrise and lay these pouders on the boane with the emplaister diacalciteos or betonica ye may also mixe these pouders with a little honney or aureum If these thinges be not sufficient and the alteration be greater we vse canters potentiall as oyle of vitriol oyle of cloues mercurie camphire sulphure salis antimonij incense and such like But if the rottennesse be great fat and vnctious wee apply canters actualls once or twise to separate the whole from that which is rotten perfunding till the outmost of the altered thing which ye shall know when there commeth no more humiditie if you continue them longer you consume the humiditie naturall which shoulde ingender fleshe betwixt the rotten and the whole for the which haue good Iudgement This remedie hath vertue to corroborate and comfort the parte and drieth and consumeth the euill humors and helpeth the separation the which beeing perceiued shake it by little and little and draw it not by force if
as ye shall heare in the fistula of the fundament· If it end in the bone and it be filed it must bee discouered and handled as ye haue heard in his proper Chapter If it end in the tendons or membranes it is dolorous and the matter sanious and clammie if on the veine or arâ—er yee shall perceiue blood All these thinges considered if the callosity cannot be taken away by manuâ—l operatioÌ„ we apply medicameÌ„ts caustick as couÌ„sel our auntieÌ„ts like as trochisces de aphrodellis or pouder of mercurie auripigmentim or white sope or a tent couered with arsnic or with stroÌ„g water or steepe any of them with vineger and distill in the wound that is good where there are many cauities for that liquor goeth through all let it remaine two dayes putting about it refrigeratiues repercussiues some canterize theÌ„ with canter actuall Thereafter apply on it to appease the dolor and to cause the scale fall oyle of roses with whites of eggs as ye shal find in the poore mans guide til the gret heate bee past the scale fallen that the fistule voideth matter coÌ„mendable which is a signe that the caule is abolished The 3. point coÌ„sisteth in medicameÌ„ts mundifitiues incarnatiues as ye haue heard in vlcer cauernous The 4. point coÌ„sisteth in sarcotices or cicatrisaÌ„ts as ye haue heard before If the fistule be incurable as ye penetrating to a part principall or such other cause as ye haue heard as also if in curing of it there come a more daÌ„gerous accideÌ„t as in the fundameÌ„t hapneth voluntary eiectioÌ„ of the matter fecall or cuÌ„uulsion in such we shold not seke the perfit cure but vse palliatines as purgatioÌ„s of the humor pituitous melaÌ„cholick muÌ„dificatiues to muÌ„difie the euil flesh matter in the wouÌ„d therafter deficcatiues as diachilon iriaâ—uÌ„ desiccati uuÌ„ rubeuÌ„ diapalma And this is the cure generall of fistules as well by medicameÌ„ts as manuell operation so now we will shew the maner to cure those in the fundameÌ„t by manuall operation of the which some are apparent others not hauing no orifice exterior but either within the great pudding or musâ—â—e sphinter this we iudg by the matter that coÌ„meth forth also by the dolor or some precedent aposteme in these partes woundes euill cured hemerroilâ—des 〈◊〉 As for the Cure some vse canter actuall which is in oft dangerous in those parts some counsel to cutte it with a sharpe instrument which is dangerous for the fluxe of bloud and cutteth the fibres of the muscle sphinter which may relaxe the matter fecall at all times Heere I will set downe how by the ligator this may be cured which is more sure easie then any of the foresaid first the patient shall stande on his feete leaning forward either on a bedde or chaire opening his legges and continuing them so till the operation be done Of this situation ye shall aduise more amply with Paulus and Celsus in the meane time the Chirurgian shall put his midmost finger in the fundament to the highest part of the fistule rubbing it first with oyle or butter with the other hand he shall passe a sound in forme of a needle made of siluer lead or gold to the ende it plie the better threed it with a strong threede rubbe it with waxe or medicament causticke so it shall cutte the sooner put the needle in the orifice of the fistule thrusting it alwayes in till thou feele it on the ende of thy finger and if there bee some little membrane betwixt pearce it through with the point of the needle that beeing done thou must plye in a little and drawe it out that way by the fundament knit the threede with a running knot meanely hard and knit it euery day straighter and straighter till it bee consumed If the fistule be hidden that hath orifice interior and none â—â—terior it is more difficill yet we dilate it with the specuâ—uÌ„anâ— not hurting the sicke so wee perceiue the orifice interior and passe a sound pliable as before in the orifice with a threede turning it till it come to the bottome if it hasse not the force to pearce through wee make an issue on the ende of the sounde and knitte the threede as the other Further wee must consider that fistules which are high aboue or in the ring of the intestine are not to be cutte by reason the sicke shall alwayes auoyde his mattir This operation like as diuers rare operations are most cunningly done by my good friend Iames Hendersome a man very expert in the art of Chirurgerie in Scotland The tenth Chapter of Burnings BEcause of Burning and violent heate come vlcers dolorous and euill to heale therefore I will set downe the way to cure such vlcers Burning is a violence done by the ardor of the fire hotte water or some other hotte licour in diuers partes of our bodie and make many accidents The superficiall are subiect to inflamation the great ones to excoriation and exulceration those which are meane haue little blisters on the skinne in all which is dolor rednesse ardor such like with euident signes apparent to the sight The Cure is if the combustion be great first in the way of life tending to tenuitie next in vniuersall remedies according to the humors which raigne The topicall remedies are diuersified according to the diuersitie of the accidentes Arist in his first probleme counselleth to holde the place burnt to the fire and so one heate draweth forth another Also whites of egges with rose water stay the pustuls those which are superficiall accompanied with inflamation and dolor must be cured with thinges that refresh as whites of egges water vineger housleeke lettuce morrell plantaine henbane solanum roses or the waters hereof distilled and layd on the place with a cloth wette therein Allom and Ceruse dissolued in Camphire water is good these thinges appease the dolor and inflamation and heale the Burne also the blades of leekes or onions peeled with salt and put on healeth it maruailously or lettuce with salt The rootes of lillies fryed in oyle of roses or the leaues sodden will heale it also if there be blisters pearce them if there be vlceration vse remedies lenitiues deficcatiues as this oyle of nuttes onc 3. waxe onc di mixe them together and washe them in plantaine water and lay on it Also leeke leaues sodden in wine or the iuyce of them with vnguent rosat is good if the sore neede mundifiyng take turpentine washed in the decoction of barley a little syrrupe of drie roses with aloes and barley meale The sore beeing mundified cicatrice it with vnguent populeon diapompholigos album rasis emplastium de minio or diacalciteos dissolued in redde wine wette a cloth therein and lay on it The foresaid remedies must be softly applyed not touching it with the hand the oft touching doth iritate and cause fluxion therefore I haue set downe a secrete in the