of a member wythout hote yrons And this medicyne I haue founde to be most sure of al other not only in taking of of meÌ„bers But in manye other grefes cured by the art of Surgerie and I haue named it in al my Bookes Puluerem secretum And before you make your Insicion take .iiij. vnces of this pouder and incorporate it wyth whytes of egges then make a stufe of towe as large as the ende of the member that you wyll take of And dyppe it in Veneigre and presse it out agayne Then spreade your medicine made wyth the pouder and the whyte of Egges open the same towe after strowe a lytle of thys drye pouder vpon that so makinge many lytle bolsters of towe to lay vpon this great stufe as nede doth requyre for the better restraynyng the fluxe of bloude Now when you haue all thynges prepared wyth bolsters and rollers and other things thereto pertayning you shall go to the pacient and comfort him as I haue sayd before couering his eyes and setting him in some place conuenient hauing certayne persons méete for the same purpose to holde hys bodye and hys armes that he let not your operation and other apte personnes to holde the member that you wil take away You shall then quickly and rely with a sharpe insition knife cut the fleshe round about to the bone wythin halfe an ynch of the defensiue that was before layd on And one thynge you must take héede of there lyeth an nerue betwyxte the two bones of the legge beneth the knee which you must cutte a sunder wyth your insicion kinfe lest that in sawing of the bones thys beyng not cut a sonder with you Insicion knyfe as I sayde before it might be so plucked and torne with the saw prouoking great accidents as sincope spasmus dolour yea and deth also which I my self haue often times sene Then when you haue made your insicion perfite with a fine sawe you shall cut a sunder the bones spedely and with as litle shaking of the member as you maye then lay vpon the endes of the bones a lytle lint dypped in oile of Roses and so wrong out again the oyle beyng first made warme And next lay on your stufe prepared as I haue said before which your pouder the whit of egges laying vpoÌ„ that other stufes bolsters to restrain blood as you se cause then must you roll it accordyng to art to kepe on the stufe very close that it may the better restrayne bloud Prouided alwayes that ye laye a defensiue aboue the knée to defend that no humors fall done to the sore place which defensiue you shall euery day kepe wette with Veneger and water So that you shall not neede often to remoue it In lyke maner you muste wette your fyrste defensiue that was layde vnder the knee and so keepe it wette for the space of syxe or seuen dayes before you remoue it And for as much as we cannot come a to finger or a tooe to take it of with a sawe as we may do a legge or an arme therefore I haue deuised pinsons to nyppe the bone a sunder after that you haue cut the fleshe round about to the bone wyth your inficion knyfe vsynge your pouder wyth the whyte of an egge for the restraining of bloude and other defensyues to defende humours as I haue before aleged Now for the reste of the cure fyrst we must procede with medicines to cause the asker to fall of and I haue found none better then thys Rec. Terebinthinae ij vnces Butnri recentis iiij vnces Cerae j. vnce and a halfe Vnguenti populeon viij vnces Make hereof an vnguent according to arte Thys vnguent doth not onelye louse the asker but it ceaseth the great payne and kepeth the member from euyll accidentes which is requisyte in thys maner of cure I haue not knowen twoo die that hath had there legges or armes taken of with this pouder aforesayd and vsyng the methode or waye that I haue here before declared And for the reste of the cure you maye vse medicynes incarnatyue and desiccatyue as you do vse in other woundes and as is required in the arte of Chirurgerye Nowe my brethren for as muche as that the taking of of members is one of the principall thinges that you haue desired of me and to doe it wyth oute actual cateriseng yrons which sore â—eâ—red the people with the error of cauterization or burning as we call it that many of them rather would die wyth the member on then to abyd the tirreble fyre by meanes whereof manye people peryshed And other some that put themselues to surgerie and had their legges or armes taken of with whote yrons many of them perished as you your selues knoweth right wel And speciallye you that be of the Hospitalles of London wherefore I haue deuised and compilled by the mercyfull helpe of god thys maner and waye to cure those meserable afflicted people wythout anye whote yrons or great perill of death as you your selues haue had experience nowe of late tyme by the dismembrynge and taken of of manye members to the great relefe and comforte of the poore people and to the greate honour of the noble art of Chirurgerie And I trust also beynge thus mayntained it shal be highly to the glorye of God to the commendacions of this noble Citie where as these Chiritably dedes are done vnto the poore afflicted members of Iesus Christ in the Hospitalles of London where as daylye these workes oâ— mercye are done Now brethren I haue opened vnto you this noble Pouder whych I haue inuented to your honour and profite but chefely for the commoditye of the poore Requiring you for as much as it hath bene your owne desyre to haue the making of it to take it in good part and gyue God the chefe maker thereof thankes therfore and vse it well For I haue hard saye of a late tyme that there is some that sayth they haue the same Pouder and maketh a mocke and a gaude at it goyng about to deface me the authour thereof for my good wyll and paynefull diligence But I warne thee what so euer thou art that so sayeth to holde thy tounge wyth shame for neyther thou nor I had it but nowe of a late time Inuented by me and one Maister Peirponte and fyrste put in vse and practise by the Surgians in Sainct Thomas Hospitall in southworke And sence that time put in vse of many moe both yonge and olde not onely in takyng of members but in restayning of bloud both in vaynes and arteries whiche coulde not be done wyth whote yrons and manye other thynges hathe beene doone wyth thys pouder whych is more to be merueled at then to be beleued And I for my part haue redde no smal number of authours and that of the beste and yet I neuer coulde finde thys pouder in anye of them all And yf anye other man be able to showe it me in anye other authour then
taught the fishers suche medicines as myghte redilye bee prepared and I sayde they myghte aptly vse it bothe with olde oyle honnye turpentyne and suerelye experience shewed all these so to bee Also I haue not a fewe tymes with thys medicine of Sulphure mixed with Turpentyne healed Scabbes Mentagra Leprye for it cleanseth all suche diseases doeth not repell them into the inward parts where as diuers other medicines whiche cureth these sickennesses haue a mixed propertie that is to saye they doe bothe digest also dryue backe Hetherto Galene of Sulphure Nowe let vs heare him of Nitrum Lib. eodem called with vs vsuallye Saltpeter Nitrum sayeth he is in a meane in strengthe betwixte Aphronitrum and Salte But beynge combuste it goeth nearer the nature of Aphronitrum for by vstion it is made of moore subtile and thynne partes Therefore it doeth drye and digest And if it be taken inwardlye it doeth cutte and extenuate gross and slymye humours muche moore then Salte Aphronitrum excepte great necessitie inforseth is not to bee taken inwardlye because it hurteth the stomacke and doeth extenuate moore then Litrum Truly a certayne rustical man vsed Nitrum as a remedy against suffocation or choking when anye had eaten Moushromes they cal them in Latyne fungos and it euer profited hym And I my selfe haue accustomed to vse Nitrum bothe combuste and crude chiefely the spume of it in the lyke effectes Thus much out of Galene also touchyng the qualities of Nitrum The lyke wordes bothe of Sulphure and Nitrum hath Aetius well neare Nowe by theyr authorities you maye easely iudge that neyther these two are corrupters of mannes bodye eyther inwardlye taken or elles outwardlye applyed So that they nothyng agree with the definition of venome Yea Dioscorides Galene and Aetius founde Sulphure and Nitrum so farre from any venomous qualitie that they vsed them as approued and excellent medicines agaynste venome Therefore nother Iohn de Vigo Alphonce nor Brunswicke shall bee able by any approued authour olde or newe to proue that the simples entrynge into the composition of the vsuall pouder are venomous excepte they wyll affirme the Cole to bee venome whiche were to ridiculous seynge that women with chylde or those whyche labour with that sickennesse whiche is called Pica and also children dayly eate coles without danger Furthermore daylye experience showeth the vse of Sulphure to be profitable For it is a common practise to geue it in mylke to chyldren vexed with wormes And as for gonnepouder it selfe in defect of other medicines I haue put of it in these woundes to drye excicate to the great comfort of the Pacient And therfore it is not in mixture cōposition venomous but medicinable hathe in hym the vertues abstersiue desiccatiue Neyther in those that are wounded with shotte of this pouder doe you see anye of those accidents to folowe whiche are as inseperable in venomous shotte Although Alphonsus Ferrius woulde that putrefaction corrosion vlceration corruption shoulde bee the proper accidentes in venomous woundes As who should saye that perspiration letted of hote moyste humours there folowed not putrifaction or that there appeared not in vlcers corrosion called thereof vlcera phagedenica Howe aptly therefore doeth he applie these as proper accidents in venomed woundes when they are founde in moore then an hundred diseases I doe make him selfe Iudge Furthermore the cure it selfe of these woundes agreeth with those that bee contused brosed without the addition of any medicine or alexipharmacon against venome yea Alfonsus himself did litle consider his assertiō when in the curation of woundes made with Gonneshot he forgetteth to vse remedies against venome whiche should be his chiefe and first scope if the wound were as he affirmeth So that it is more cleare then midday that the pouder doeth not receyue any venome through the fyre in shotynge and that also is euident in those that are burnte with pouder for there appeareth no memcion of venome in them And the burnyng is easely cured that with light medicines Another argument that Alfonse bryngeth is that the compounde medicine commeth to the fourth degrée in heate and therefore is denomous so consequently the shote and therefore the wounde with it made But let vs see I praye you the force of this argument Sulphur is hote in the iiij degrée saltpeter hote in the ende of the .ij. degrée Nowe in the cōposition there is put one part of sulphur x. parts of saltpeter one parte of cole the cole is colde drie therefore addeth not heate to the composition neither the x. parts of nitrum being but in the ij degrée hote How then shuld this pouder be hote in the .iiij. degrée as for the like example if you put to one part of boyling water .x. parts of water but half so hote will it abate the heate of the one part or make it greater I suppose none is so rude to cōfesse that it will increase the hotenes of the one part But in the waye of disputation I wyll graunte this absurditie What than Wyll he conclude all thyngs that are in the fourth degree whote to bee therefore venomous Then surelye whote yron fyre burnynge coles Pepper Pelitorie and a greate number of healthfull simples shoulde bee numbred amonge venomes True it is that venomes are deadlye in themselues But it doeth not therefore folowe that what so is deadly that same is also venemous this is no true conuersion But leauynge thys as a thynge to manifest to make more wordes of we wyll consider whether the shotte receyue suche heate that it can make an asker in the wounde as they affirme Surelye I in the warres haue asked diuers wounded Souldiours what heate they perceyued in the tyme of the percinge of the shotte Who all answered they felte no heate but a certayne contusion and I my selfe haue presentlye taken vp the Pellet when it hath falne at the marke and felte no heate at all to bee made accompte of But that you shall perfectlye vnderstande and be Iudge your selfe in this case Hange a bagge full of Gonnepouder on a place conuenient than stand so far of as your peece wil shote leauell and shute at the same and you shall see the Gonnepouder to bee no moore set on fyer with the heate of the stone then if you caste a colde stone at it But saye they how happeneth it then that there is an asker in such woundes For ther is neuer asker but cōmeth of Cauterization either actual or potentiall To this I answere that it is no asker for then it were not possible there shoulde be fluxe of bloode in these wounds For Galene sayeth thynges adurent and burnyng doeth staye and staunche bloode But you wyll replye and saye there commeth no great fluxe of blood To whiche I answere the cause of that is the great contusion whiche repelleth the bloode hath so dryed the parte wounded in thrustinge
morphew the one whight called of Celsus Leuca Alphos the other blacke and he termeth it mela and alphos is deriuyd of this Greke verbe Alphenein whiche signifyeth to alter or change and so doth the morpheu alter change the coulour of the skynne Iohn Yates And what tumors are those whiche the grekes do cal exanthemata Tho. Gale They be pustules and tumours breaking out of the skinne bringing with them feuers and manye other accidentes And there are two sortes of them one hygher springing of thimne and cholorike bloode the other broader and commeth of melancholike and grose blode the fyrst kynde we call the small pockes in Latine Morbilli the other the measelles Variolae in Latyne Iohn Yates Parotides folowethe nexte in order Io. Feilde Parotides be inflammations whych happen to the karnelles that are behynd the eares And they springe sometime of sincere bloode sometyme of fleume sometyme of choller and sometyme of melancholie And herein note the prouidence of nature For she hathe made the rare and lose partes called karnelles to be as emunctories for the noble partes As the karnelles behynde the eares serue to the brayne Vnder the armpittes seruynge to the spirituall members And the karnelles in the gryne doth receyue the superfluities that commeth from the liuer whan as it doth exonerate and purge it selfe and this is moste manifest in pestilentiall constitutions in whyche theys noble members thurst and expell the venome to there purgien places Iohn Yates As for Mentagra you nede not to speake of for I knowe ryght well it is no other thynge then Morbus gallicus or Chamaeleontiasis as the booke bearynge the name of Mentagra doth testifye Tho. Gale And yet bothe you and the authour of that booke doe herein mysse the quishynge as suer as you make your selfe of thys For thys tumour whych Plinius calleth Mentagra impetigo in Greeke Leichin sprange first amōg the Italians in the time of Tiberius and is a deformitie of the skynne beginnyng for the more parte at the chynne and wyll spedelye turne into leprye and caste of skales lyke fyshe And Galen wytnesse in the v. boke v. Chap. Secundum loca That impetigo wyl turne into Lepram Therefore what difference is betwixt Mentagra and Chamaeleontiasis it is easely conceyued the one hauing Causam occultam as I may terme it and the other manifestam Iohn Yates And what Iudge you epiplocele to be Iohn Feild I wyll not onelye speake of that but also of thother kindes of hernia which foloweth nexte And fyrste you must note that epiplocele is a Greeke worde compounde of epiploon whiche the latinestes call Omentum and we name it the caule and cele which signifieth ramex or hernia So that epiplocele is a tumor comyng whan as omentum falleth in to the purse of the testicles And by the lyke reason Enterocele taketh name when as the intestines falleth into the foresayde place And Enteroepiplocele foloweth whan as bothe Omentum and the intestines fall in scrotum or purse of the testicles Furthermore Bubonocele is a tumor called in latyne inguinis ramex and happeth whan as Peritonaeum is ruptured or wounded by the flankes Exomphalos is a tumour perteining to the ouertwart muscules of abdomen which being relaxed ther foloweth a sterting or emynency of the nauel Tho. Gale My brother Yates doth the redierly conceyue the differences of these kynde of Hernia for that he hathe a peculer waye of curyng some of them especiallye of Enterocele or Hernia intestinalis as Guido tearmeth it wherefore we wyl no lenger stande in vttering the differences of them but procede to arthritis Podagra Chiragra For I thynke the daye wyll scarslye suffyce to declare that whyche yet remayneth and therefore as touchynge Arthritis you shall note and consyder that it is a tumour commyng of the fluxe of humors into the Ioyntes and is named in Latyne morbus articularis And so is thys tumour common to all the Ioyntes of the bodye except it be the handes and the feete Iohn Feilde Yea for yf thys fluxe happeneth to the handes it is named Chiragra And yf to the feete then it is called properly of the place Podagra Iohn Yates Theys dyseases of the Ioyntes be greuous and paynefull haue they no other cause but the flux of humours Tho. Gale The fluxe of humours is but the interne or antecedente cause whyche commeth of the primatyue but it is no part of our myndes to sette out eyther the causes sygnes or curation of tumours seynge that wee haue done that in oure booke of the methodicall cure of tumours agaynst nature Iohn Yates Seynge that you haue nowe spoken of all the notable and famous tumours agaynste nature I praye you turne your talke to woundes whyche Auicenne and those that folow him calleth Plaga Iohn Feilde Before we enter further Herein to sette oute the differences of woundes it is conuenente to knowe what a wounde is and the moste parte of writers doe agree that a wounde is the solution of continuitie newly made in the partes of the bodye with out putrifaction or matter Tho. Gale Yea for whan as putrefation or matter doth folowe then it leuyth the name of a wounde and is called an vlcer Iohn Yates And maye a wounde degenerat into an vlcer Tho. Gale Yea for sothe and so dothe mooste partes of woundes especiallye if they be greate and in suche partes as may not be cured wyth balmes Iohn Yates And howe many differences be ther of woundes Iohn Feild Many but the chefe principal and that also are necessarie are numbred to be three and we wyll showe you wherof the differences sprynge Iohn Yates Doe you so Thomas Gale Guido and other famous writers of his tyme taketh the difference of woundee of three thynges The firste is taken of the nature of the parte in which the wounde is made The seconde difference springeth of the substaunce or essence of the solution of continuitie The thirde difference springeth of the difference of the diuisiō or solutiō of cōtinuitie John Yates And howe are the woundes called those difference cometh of the nature of the parte in whiche that wounde is Iohn Feild It is called a wounde in the similer parte and a wounde in the instrumentall parte Iohn Yates Then to know theis woundes exactly it doth behoue to knowe theis partes of the body whyche you called similer and instrumental Tho. Gale It doeth right so and it is called a similer parte because it is simple and may be deuided in to like partes and that also whiche is required to the constitution of the organicke or instrumentall partes Suche partes of the bodye are fleshe fatnes arterye vayne nerue tendon ligament bone and such like those be named instrumentall partes whiche are made of theis simple or similer partes And the instrumentall partes are the heade eye nose tungue harte lyuer longues armes feets and a greate numbre of suche lyke and euery of theis partes haue