Sage Ieneper Bay leaues and Hysop And lette his drynke be warme water myngled with wheat meale yea and to make it the more comfortable it were good as Russius sayth to put therevnto some Cynamon Gynger Galingale and such hote spyces And his meat in Winter season would be none other but sodden corne or warme mashes made of ground Mault and wheate Branne in Sommer season if he wente to grasse I thinke it woulde doe him most good so that he go in a dry warm groūd for by feding alwayes downeward he shal purge his heade the better as Russius sayth Thus muche of the Glaunders mourning of the Chyne Nowe we will speake somewhat of the Stranguylion according to the opinion of the old Authours though not to the satisfaction perhappes of our Englishe Ferrers Of the Stranguylion or Squynancye The .lxvii. Chapter THe Stranguylion called of the Latens Angina according to the Phisitians is an inflamation of the inwarde parts of the throte and as I sayde before is called of the Greekes Sinanchi whiche is as muche to say in Englishe as a strangling wherof this name Stranguylion as I thinke is deryued for this disease doth strangle eyther man or beast therefore is numbred amongst the perillous and sharpe diseases called of the Latens Morbi acuti of which strangling the Phisitians in mannes body make foure differences The first and worst is when no part within the mouth nor without appeareth manifestly to be inflamed and yet the pacient is in great perill of strangling The second is when the inward partes of the throte onlye be inflamed The thirde is when the inwarde and outward parts of the throte be both inflamed The fourth is when the Muskles of the necke are inflamed or the inwarde ioyntes therof so losened as they strayten therby both the throte or wesand or windpipe for shorte breath is incident to all the foure kindes before recyted and they procede all of one cause that is to say of some Colorick or bloudy fluxion which commes out of the braunches of the throte vaynes into those partes and there bredeth some hote inflamation But nowe to proue that a horse is subiecte to this disease you shall heare what Absirtus Hierocles and Vegetius and others doe say Absirtus wryting to his frende a certayne Ferrer or Horsleache called Aistoricus speaketh in this maner When a horse hath the strāguylion it quickly killeth him the sygnes wherof be these His temples will be hollowe his tongue will swell hang out of his mouth his heade and eyes also will be swollē and the passage of his throte stopt so as he can neyther eate nor drinke All these sygnes be also confirmed by Hierocles Moreouer Vegetius rendereth the cause of this disease affirming that it proceedes of aboundaunce of subtill bloude whiche after long trauell wil inflame the inwarde or outwarde muskels of the throte or wesand or suche affluence of bloude may come by vse of hote meates after great trauel being so alteratiue as they cause those partes to swell in such sorte as the horse can neyther eate nor drinke nor drawe his breath The cure according to Vegetius is in this sort First bath his mouth and tongue well with hote water and then annoynte it with the gall of a Bull that done giue him this drinke Take of olde oyle two pounde of olde wyne a quarte nine Figges and nine Leekes heades well stampte and brayed together And after you haue boyled these a whyle before you strayne them put therevnto a little Nitrum Alexandrinum and giue him a quarte of this euery morning and euening Absirtus and Hierocles woulde haue you to let him bloude in the palat of his mouth and to poure wyne oyle into his nosetrilles and also to giue him to drink this decoction of Fygges and Nitrum sodden together or else to annoynt his throte within with Nitre oyle and hony or else with hony and Hogs dong myngled together which differeth not much from Galen his medicine to be giuen vnto man For he sayth that hony mingled with the powder of Dogges dong that is whyte and swalowed downe doth remedy the Squinancye presentlye Absirtus also prayseth the oyntmente made of Bdellinum and when the inflamation beginneth somewhat to decrease he sayth it is good to purge the horse by giuing hym wylde Concumbre and Nitre to drinke Let hys meate be grasse if it may be gotten or else wet hay and sprinkled with Nitre Let his drinke also be luke warme water with some Barly meale in it Of the Cough The .lxviii. Chapter OF Coughes some be outward and some be inwarde Those be outwarde whiche doe come of outwarde causes as by eating a feather or by eating dusty or sharpe bearded straw and such lyke things which tycling his throte causeth him to Coughe You shall perceyue it by wagging and wrying his heade in his choughing by stamping sometyme with his foote labouring to get out the thing that grieueth him and can not The cure according to Martin is thus Take a Willow wand rowled throughout with a fyne Linnen clout and then annoynte it all ouer with hony and thrust it downe his throte drawing your hande to and fro to the intente it may eyther dryue downe the thing that grieueth him or else bring it vp and doe thys twice or thrice annoynting at euery tyme the sticke with fresh hony Of the inwarde and wet Coughe The .lxix. Chapter OF inwarde Coughes some be wet and some be dry The wet cough is that which commeth of colde taken after some greate heate giuen to the horse dissoluing humors which being afterwarde congealed doe cause obstruction and stopping in the lungs And I cal it the wet coughe bycause the horse in his coughing will voyde moystye matter at his mouth after that it is once broken The sygnes be these The horse will be heauy and his eyes will run a water and he will forsake his meate and when he cougheth he thrusteth out his head and reacheth with great paine at the first as though he had a dry cough vntill the Flegme be broken and then he will cough more hollow which is a sygne of amendment And therfore according to Martins experience to the intent the Flegme may breake the soner it shall be necessarye to kepe hym warme by clothing him with a double cloth and by litteryng him vp to the bellye with freshe strawe then to giue him this drinke Take of Barlye one Pecke and boyle it in two or thre Gallons of faire water vntill the Barlye begin to bruste and boyle therewith of broused Lycoras of Annis seedes of Raysins of eche one pounde then strayne it and to that lyquor put of hony a pynte and a quarterne of Sugercandy and keepe it close in a potte to serue the horse therewith foure seuerall morninges and cast not away the sodden Barly with the rest of the strayninges but make it hote euery day to perfume the horse withall
windye or else in the house if the weather bee foule and by thus vsing him you shall quickly recouer him Of the hungry euill The .lxxxv. Chapter THis is a gredy desire to eate folowing some great emptinesse or lacke of meate and is called of the olde authours by the Greeke name Bulimos which is as much to say as a greate hunger proceeding as the Phisitians say at the first of some extreme outward colde taken by long traueling in colde barren places and specially where snowe aboundeth whiche outwarde colde causeth the stomacke to be colde the inwarde powers to be feeble The cure according to Absirtus and Hierocles is in the beginning to comfort the horses stomacke by giuing hym bread sopte in wyne and if you be in a place of rest to giue him wheate flower and wyne to drinke or to make him Cakes or Bailes of flower and wine kneded together and to feede him with that or with wine and Nuttes of pyne trees Hierocles sayth if anye such thing chaunce by the way whereas no flower is to be had than it shall be best to giue him wine and earth wrought together eyther to drinke or else to eate in Balles Of the diseases in the Liuer The .lxxxvi. Chapter AL the old Authours speake much of the payne in the Lyuer but none of them doe declare wherof it cōmeth or by what menes sauing that Hipocrates sayth that some horses do get it by violent running vppon some stony or harde ground I for my parte thinke that the Lyuer of a Horse is subiect to as many diseases as the Lyuer of a man and therefore may be payned dyuerslye As sometime by the intemperatenesse of the same as for that it is perhaps to hote or to colde to moyst or to dry sometime by meanes of euill humors as Cholor or Flegme abounding in the same according as the Lyuer is eyther hote or colde for heate breedeth Cholor and colde Flegme By meanes of which intemperature proceedeth all the weaknesse of the Lyuer It may be payned also sometime by obstruction and stopping and sometime by harde knobbes inflamation appostume or vlcer bredde therein sometime by consumption of the substance thereof The sygnes of heate and hote humors be these lothing of meate great thirst and losenesse of belly voyding dong of strong scent leanenesse of body The sygnes of colde and colde humors be these appetite to meate without thirst belly neither continually loose nor stipticke but betwene times no strong scent of dong nor leanenesse of body by which kind of signes both fyrst and last mentioned and such like the weakenesse of the Lyuer is also to be learned and sought out Obstruction or stopping moste commonly chaunceth by trauelling or labouring vpon a full stomacke whereby the meate not being perfectlye digested breedeth grosse and tough humors which humors by vehemence of the labour are also driuen violently into the small vaynes wherby the Lyuer shoulde receyue good nutriment and so breedeth obstructiō and stopping The signes whereof in mannes body is heauinesse and distentiō or swelling with some griefe in the right syde vnder the short ribbes and specially when he labourech immediately after meate which sygnes I beleue if it were diligently obserued were easye inoughe to finde in a horse by his heauy going at his setting forth often turning his heade to the side grieued Of an olde obstruction and speciallye if he humors be Choloricke breedeth many times a harde knob on the Lyuer called of the Phisitians Scirrhus which in mans body may be felt if the body be not ouer fatte and it is more casye for him to lye on the righte side than on the lefte bycause that lying on the left side the waight of the knob woulde oppresse the stomacke and vitall partes very sore by which sygnes me thinkes a diligent ferrer may learne whither a horse hath any suche disease or not The inflamation of the Lyuer commeth by meanes that the bloude eyther through the abundance thinnesse boyling heate or sharpnesse thereof or else throughe the violence of some outwarde cause breaketh out of the vaynes and floweth into the bodye of the Lyuer and there being out of his proper vessels doth immediatelye putrifye and is inflamed and therewith corrupteth so muche flesshye substance of the Lyuer as is imbrued withall and therefore for the most parte the hollow side of the Lyuer is consumed yea and sometime the full syde This hote bloudye matter then is properlye called an inflamation which by naturall heate is afterwarde turned into a plaine corruptiō and thē it is called an impostume which if it break out rū thē it is called an vlcer or filthy sore Thus you se that of one euil foūtaine may spring dyuers griefes requyring dyuers cures And though none of mine Authours nor any other Ferrer that I know haue waded thus farre yet I thought good by wryting thus much to giue such Ferrers as be wise discrete and diligent occasion to seeke for more knowledge and vnderstanding than is taught them and mee thinkes that it is a great shame that the Ferrers of this age should not know much more than the Ferrers of old time sith that besides that the old mens knowledge is not hidden from them they haue also their owne experience and time also bringeth euery day newe things to light But now to procede in discoursing of the Lyuer according to the Phisitians doctrine as I haue begon I say then of an inflamation in the hollow side of the Lyuer The sygnes be these Lothing of meate great thirste losenes of belly easy lying on the right side painfull lying on the left But if the inflamation be on the full syde or swelling syde of the Lyuer then the Patient is troubled with difficultye of breathing with a dry Coughe and grieuous paine pulling twitching the winde Pipe and to lye on the right syde is more painefull than on the lefte the swelling also may be felt with a mans hand But you must vnderstand by the way that all these things last mentioned be the signes of some great inflamatiō for smal inflamations haue no such sygnes but are to be iudged only by griefe vnder the short ribbes and long featching of the breath The sygnes of Appostumation is painefull and great heate The sygnes of Ulceration is decrease of the heate with feablenesse fainting For the filthy matter flowing abrode with euil vapours corrupteth the heart and many tymes causeth death The sygnes of the consumption of the Lyuer shall be declared in the next Chapter and as for the curing of all the other diseases before mentioned experience muste firste teach it ere I can write it Notwithstanding I can not thinke but that suche things as are good to heale the like diseases in mans body are also good for a horse for his Lyuer is lyke in substaunce and shape to a mans Lyuer differing in nothing but onely in greatnesse And therefore I would wishe
inough though he be neuer so starke a Iade Of the Turkye Horse BUt now beginning first with the Turke because he cometh fartheste of me thynketh it were not amisse to cōsydre that as Turky it selfe is of longe tyme synce become a greate Empyre extending very far into al the thre parts of the worlde abouesaid comprehendyng diuers kyngdomes and countries and yet altogyther is cōmonly called by the name of Turky Euen so the horses that come from any of the Turks dominions or frontiers of his nexte neighbours be called Turky horses therfore I think it good here to declare vnto you the opiniōs of the olde writers touching the races that haue ben in those coūtries now subiect to the great Turke or therabout to lerne therby yf it may be whether those that we call Turkye horses be so in dede or not of whiche of those races they seme moste lykely to discende And fyrste we wyll begyn with the chiefe races of Asia whiche be the Parthians the Medes the Armenians the Cappadocians and many others The Parthians saith Absirtus be great of stature bolde couragious and sure of footemanshyp Vegetius also sayth that they be very wel rained and haue an easie ambling pase But the Medes do excell them in comlynesse of shape The Armenians and Capadocians do discend of the Parthians and be lyke them in all poincts sauyng that they are somwhat more heuy headed The horses of Greece as A sirtus sayth haue good legges great bodies comely heades and be of an highe stature and very wel made forward but not backward bycause they are pyn buttocked notwithstandynge they be verye swifte and of a bold courage But of all the races in Greece both the horses and Mares of Thessalia for their bewtie bygnes bowntie and courage of all Aucthors are moste celebrated For which cause Xerexes at his comyng in to Grece made a runninge of Horses in Chariottes to be proclaimed only in Thessalia because he woulde haue his owne horses to runne wyth the beste Horses in Grece Iulius Cesar also beinge Dictatour of Rome knowinge the courage of these Horses was the first that ordeined thē as a spectacle before the people to fyghte wyth wylde bulles to kil them The Pelleians and Magnesians are also verye well commended The Pelleians be so named of a towne in Thessalia called Pella And the Magnesians of Magnesia a regiou of Macidonia next adioyninge to Thessalia The Epirotes be froward disobedient to the bit notwithstanding Paulus Iouius makinge mencion of the laste greate warres which the Uenetians had not onlye with the Turkes but also in a maner with all Chrystendome geueth the Epirotes great prayse for their swiftnesse and nimblenesse In so much as the Uenetians as he saith estemed their horses more and waged their riders better thē any other horsemen that serued them at that time But the Horses of Tracia which is nowe the chefest part of Turky in the which Constantinople the head citie and seat of the great Turke standeth be accompted worse then all the reste For the most parte of the wryters do discryue them after thys sort The Thracians be foule and euill fashioned hauing rough bodyes great shoulders and risinge backes lyke vnto Camelles croked legges and go roulinge and vnsemely as well in their pace as runninge Notwithstandinge the Horses that I haue sene come from Turkie as well into Italy as hither in to Englande be indifferent fayre to the eie though not very great nor strongly made yet very light and swyfte in their running and of gret courage and therfore seme to discende of the Grecian race before dyscribed by Absirtus But their traueylinge pace is neyther Amble Racke nor Trotte but a certayne kinde of easy trayne Albeit for the most parte they be euill mouthed by reason that in Turky they be neuer ridden as I haue lerned vntil they be x. or .xii. yere olde wherby they waxe so hedde stronge as they be not easely brought to make a good stoppe yea if when you will ronne him at hys setting forth you say but this worde Braye vnto him he will neuer leaue runninge so longe as his breath wil serue him shonnynge nothinge that shall stande in hys way if he may goe ouer the same by any meanes possible for they be of nature verye couragious and wil do more by gentle meanes then by stripes or great threatninges for that maketh them more desperate and bringeth them cleane out of order Thus muche of the Turke ¶ Of the Horse of Barbary THe Barbaryan is a horse that commes out of Barbaria a Country in Affrycke conteinyng vnder it the two Regions of Mauritania liyng agaynst Spaine whereof the one is called Mauritania Tingitana And the other is called Mauritania Cesariensis It conteyneth also the countrey of Numidia and that part which is called Affrica Minor that is to say the lesser Affricke so that Barbaria stretcheth very far And there be many good Races within the same in the frontiers of the regions there about as the Mauritanians the Libians Cireneyans the Numidians and many others The Mauritanians be much cōmended of the writers not only for their good shape and swiftnes in runninge but also for that they be excellently well breathed therby are bothe able to mayntayne a very longe cariere and also to abyde anye kind of laboure trauayle yea and beside that they wil abide the sight and rorynge of a Lion wherof there is greate store and plentye in that countrey Nexte vnto these are the Libians which be of like goodnes and of lyke shape sauinge that the Libians be stronger made longer bodied thicker rybbed broder brested of all Horses as Aelianus sayth they do requyre lesse tending and keping For their maysters in that countrey when they trauaile by the way do neither wipe their legges courry them nor litter them nor pare their houes as sone as their iourney is done they tourne them forth to the pasture and make no more a do Againe the Mares of this kind or race as the auctours write be so delighted with Musicke as the herdeman or keper with the sounde of a pipe may leade them whither he wyll hym selfe The Cireneians as Absirtus sayeth be greate of stature and haue small gaunte bellies they be swyft in running and sure of fotemanship and in labour good at length for which causes they were much vsed in the old time to runne for wagers in Chariottes But those horses that we cōmonly call Barbarians doe come out of the kyng of Tunnys lande out of Massilia and Numidia which for the most parte be but little horses but therewith verye swifte and able to make a verye longe Cariere whiche is the cause why we esteme theym so muche And it should seeme by Vigetius that this race came firste from Spayne who affirmeth theym to be very swyfte in runnynge and meete for the saddle Thus I ende with the races of Barbary ¶ Of the
whiche he would not willingly do Cap. xv How to correct that horse which passing through anye water wil lye downe in the same what is the cause of such vice Cap. xvi How to correct that horse which is skittish or fearefull and will start at euery thinge and whereof suche vyce procedeth Cap. xvii How to embolden your horse and to make him hardye against other horses Cap. xviii How to make your horse to abide both staffe sworde great noyse gunshot or any other thing Cap. xix OF the vices of the mouth and causes therof in generall Cap. xx How to correct that horse which will eyther drawe vp the bitte with his toung or defend the same with his neither lippe Cap. xxi How to correct that horse which wil mow or wry with his mouth and the causes wherof suche vice doth procede Cap. xxii Of the kyndes of byttes together with their names and partes belonging to the same Cap. xxiii Of the chekes and eyes of bittes and also of the kirble and how they ought to be made Cap. xxiiii Of closse bittes and for what mouthes they are moste mete and also what vices they do correct Ca. xxv Of open bittes in generall Cap. xxvi Of broken portes and vpset mouthes how they ought to be made and what vyces they do correct Ca. xxviii Of whole portes howe they ought to be made and what vices they do correct Cap. xxviii Of whole portes with trenches aboue howe they ought to be made and for what mouthes they are most mete Cap. xxix EXAMPLES RECITED BY GRIson aswell in his preface as in the latter ende of his booke not only commending the aptnes of a horse to learne his stout courage and longe continuance in his goodnes but also the worthines of the arte it selfe whereunto is also adioyned who first found out ridynge and who inuented the bittes and who first vsed the seruice of horses in the fielde Aptnes to learne THere is a city within the kingdome of Naples called Sibarye in the which somtime horses did learne to daunce at the sounde of a Simhpan Stoute courage ALexander the great had a horse called Bucephalus which being decked in royall ornamentes woulde suffer no man to ride on him but kinge Alexander him selfe Whiche horse beinge sore hurte at the takinge of Thebes would not suffer Alexander to leaue his back for to mount vpon any other Such was both his courage and also loue towardes his maister who did not forget to recompence the same For when the horse died the kinge caused him to be solemplye buried and for a perpetuall memory therof builded euen there in steade of a sepulchre a fayre city and named it after the horses name Bucephalia Iulius Cesar also had a horse which would suffer no man to take his backe but Cesar him selfe Longe continuaunce KInge Charles the viii departing out of Italye only with v. C. horsemen encountered the duke of Millane beinge vnited with the Venetians with Ferara and with Mantua And vntil he came vnto Furnouo he knew none otherwise but that he was so strong as his enemies which were in all a M.v. C. horsemen wherof thoughe the kynge was aduertised and therewith hard all men saye it was meete to geue place and to saue himselfe Yet he trusting in the great knowledge and valiantnes of his horsemen and specially of his generall called Il Signior Giouanni Giacomo Friulzi a Gentleman of Millan would not so doe but said he would through whatsoeuer became of it And therefore hauinge sente before his carriage the spoyle wherof brought many of the gredye Italions into disorder he him selfe being mounted vpon a greate blacke Spanish horse whiche had but one eye and was .xxiiii yeares old folowed with his band immediatly after and gaue the onset whereas both he and the horse did so valiauntlye as in that conflict there were slaine and taken on the contrary part .xvii. of the chiefest conductiers Wherby his enemies being discomfited he quietlye frome thence passed on in his iourney And the king would afterward manye tymes saye that the valiaunt courage of his horse was the occasion of that victorye Which horse after that he came vnto the city of Molina besides that he was no more traueled but well fed and tenderly kept so longe as he liued he was also solemply buried when he died by the appointment of the Lady of Burbon sister vnto the kynge Another example of continuance WHen the great Capitaine came to the Exployte of the kyngdome of Naples the campe lyinge then at Cerignola it chaunced that whilst the Vicerov of Fraunce being there with manye barons prepared him selfe to fight with the Spanyardes The next day folowing there came a knight of Naples called il signior Giacomo Guindazzo who not hauinge hys horses there went to the Signior Troiano Carracciolo prince of Melfe praying him to lend him a horse only to serue in the fild that day To whom the prince being of his own nature verye courteous and liberall withall gaue him leue to go into his stable and to take his chose of all the horses ther. Wherupon the saide Giacomo went thither And hauing vewd them al he chose out a great bay horse which lately came frō the couering of mares and was .xxvii. yeares old And though the prynce perswaded him to take a yonger horse yet he beynge expert in that facultye and knowing which horses were best in dede would not so do neyther was he deceyued in his choyse For the battel being fought the next day the horse didde his parte notable well In so much as though he were sore hurt had many greuous woundes yet he would neuer geue ouer but continue to the ende and thereby saued his riders lyfe So as bothe horse and man after many valiaunte actes shewed departed the fielde with the great admiracion of all men that did behold them And finallye Grison attributeth so much honor and praise to a horse as he sayeth that the worthye state of knighthoode toke his first beginning of this beaste which in the Italian tounge is called Caualle And therof commeth Caualiero whiche is so muche to saye in Englishe as a horseman or knight Wherin I beleue Gryson toke his example at the latin worde hauing also like deriuation For a horse in latin is called Equus wherof is deriued this word Eques that is a horseman or knyght But then most commonlye they ioyne this word auratus vnto it saying Eques auratus that is a golden knight for that he was wont to wear gylt spurres as I take it Or els Eques torquatus that is a cheaned knight for that he weareth a chean With which kind of ornamentes horsemen deseruynge well in the fielde were somtime rewarded in sygne of honor due to their vertue And thoughe in these dayes rewarding of vertue beginneth to cease yet the selfe same names of honoure doe still remaine The worthynes of the arte MOreouer to proue that the arte of rydynge
other and that he carie his legges neyther to high nor to lowe also that he kepe his ground neither preassyng forward nor yet reling backward in his turning also that he kepe his bodye in one staye wrything neither head necke nor any part of his body but to cōe in whole and round together and to close his courne in so narrow a rowme as may be But first you shall teach him to make the single or halfe tournes in this sort and order here folowyng When you are come out of the ringes trot your horse right out in the middle forrowe vnto the place of stop and there after that you haue stopt tourne him faire and softlie on the right hand taking rowme inough at the firste as I shewed you before for feare of makinge him soft necked that done geue him the like tourne on the left hande and then tourne him again on the right hand remembring alwayes to beginne with the right hand and to ende with the same and see that in euerye turne he bring in the contrary forefoote vpon the other forefoote as for example when you tourne him on the right hande cause him to lyfte vp his left forefoote and to bring it in ouer the right forefote which you shal do by helping him with your voyce or wyth the sound of youre tounge before taught in the first booke the .viii. Chapter in saying to him tourne here and by strykinge him with your rod moderatly vpon the lefte shoulder And when you tourne him on the left hand helpe him with youre voyce or tounge as before and wyth youre rod on the right shoulder to bring in the right forefoote ouer the left forefoote Which act Grison calleth Incauallare which is so muche to saye as to lap one thynge ouer another And note that though your horse at the first doth not brynge in his contrary foote ouer the other orderly but perchaunce vnder the other yea and that wyth knocking his legges together it maketh no matter for the griefe therof shal be a good correction vnto him and in tyme shal make him to amende his owne fault But if he be harder to tourne on the one hande then on the other then you shall helpe him with the contrary leg or Spurre or with your rod by beatyng hym vppon the contrarye shoulder and sometime to make him to close his tourne truely it shal be nedefull to helpe him wyth the closing stroke of your heeles or spurres Which kind of helpe is necessarye for twoo causes First for that it will make him to tourne roundly as wel with his hinder partes as wyth hys forepartes Secondly because some horse is so quicke and so liuely as when he is touched but onlye on the contrarye side he will turne perhappes with to stiffe a necke loking the contrary way or contrarywise he will wry his heade or necke to muche on that side that he hath to turne or els tourne beyond the place and out of the right path in which he should close his turne Albeit such helpe is not commonlye to be vsed but at certaine times when some great necessitie requireth it for the first helpes are more kindlye and therfore ought to be more ordinarye But if he bee so harde of any side as the foresaide helpes can not make him to tourne when you woulde haue him then you may vse these corrections here folowing ¶ How to correct your horse when he is harder to turne of the one syde then on the other whiche fault is called of the Italyons Credenza cap. .x. BUt first I thinke it mete to shew you the causes of that fault and then how to correct it you shall vnderstand that there be diuers causes wherof one may be the naturall inclination whereby euery horse is more apt to turne on the left side then on the right Secondlye the hardnes of the bitte pynchinge his mouthe on the one syde may so greue him as he dare not turne on that syde Thirdlye lacke of knowledge howe to handle hys legges and to reane wyth hys necke maye cause hym to turne so frowardlye and so vnwillinglye as he feelinge himselfe neuer so little wearye wyll tourne no more at that tyme for any thinge that ye can doe But to say the truth wearines and lacke of breath may cause any horse be he neuer so well broken to do the same Fourthlye the ignoraunce of the Rider in helping him otherwise then he shoulde do may make the horse so amased as he knoweth not what to do vnderstanding not the Riders intent Fifthlye the horse maye be euil broken and therby made harder of one syde then of another for than yf he be angred neuer so litle he will not tourne perhaps on that side that you woulde haue him and the worse if he shall perceyue that you be afrayd of him and that you will suffer him to haue his owne wil and to turne which waye he list for that shal be an occasion to make him more stubborne to continue still in his fault But now though Grisō here according to euery one of these causes could appoint proper correctiōs which in dede were the best order of teaching yet to auoid confusion as he sayth he wil not so do but rather teach you such general kindes of corrections as may amend that fault of what cause so euer it procedeth And because that euerye horse as I sayde before is more apte by nature to turne on the left hande then on the right he sheweth you first howe to correct the hardnes of the right hand in this sort here folowing Make youre horse in some newe plowed ground to treade oute .ii. ringes like vnto these here after figured which differ not so much from the .ii. ringes before described in shape as in the order of treading of theim For wheras you were wont before to goe twise about in the right ringe folowinge still the right hande and then to go twyse about the left ringe folowinge than the left hand Now you shall go about eche ringe three times folowing still the right hand in both of them And where as before .iiii. goinges aboute made a large turne now syxe goinges about shall doe no more then make a large tourne and the reason is this for yf you should go out of the right ringe at the second turne for to enter into the left ringe and woulde folowe still the right hand as you must dooe then you shoulde lacke a good deale of closing the second turne as you may easly perceiue by a litle cosidering of the figure in the right ringe whereof I haue marked the place where you shoulde go out for to enter into the left ring with this letter A and the place of closing your turne with B betwixt whiche twoo letters is conteyned that portion of the Circle whiche shoulde bee wantinge wherefore you must nedes go thrise about to thintent the seconde turne may be fully ended as for the ouerplus it shall
doublyng the same accordyng as occasion shal require aswel in his going right out as in his standinge stil. Albeit if he shew any signe of shrewdnesse towardes his felowes ▪ in marching forward it were not amysse to correcte him with the clinching stroke and somtime by geuing him the chocke of the bridle on the one or both sides of his mouth And if that will not suffyse then you maye all to rate him with a terrible voice and correct him with your rod on the one or other flanke Yea and perchaunce it shal be nedeful also to geue him therwith a stripe or two vpon the heade betwixt the eares ¶ Of restifnesse of the kindes and causes therof Cap. ix YF a horse bee restyffe it proceadeth for the most part through the fault of the rider of one of these two causes For eyther the horse is to vyle or elles to stout of courage If he be vyle then beinge ouer wearied he will for faintnes geue ouer and go no further But if he be proud and stout then felinge himselfe somwhat wery and out of breath he wil fal a leaping and yarkynge thinking to be eased of his trauel that way or perhaps will do the like in the beginning immediatly after his rider bee mounted And if he perceiue that his rider be afrayd of him then he will take suche a stomacke vnto hym as he will sodenlye stay and stoppe there inaugre his riders head Of whiche twoo kindes of restifnes that which proceadeth of vylenesse of courage is the woorst ▪ But there be some horses not onelye stoute and lustye of courage but also ramege that is to say hauing twoo mindes betwyxt going not going when they list Whiche kinde of horses if they chaunce to become restyffe they be woorse then any of the rest ¶ Remedyes agaynst restyfnes proceadyng of vile courage Cap. x. YF your horses restyfnes proceadeth of vyle courage then ride him into some long way or lane closed in on both sides with wall dyke quickset or highe hedge But at the one ende therof ▪ cause certayne men to stand behind your horse with staues and stones in their handes And if he will not go forwarde then let theym sodenlye stryke him with their staues vppon his hams and legges behind and likewise whorle their stones at the same places al to ratinge him in that same instaunt with a terrible voyce During whiche time you youre selfe must sit stil keping silence And let them not ceasse beatinge and cryinge oute vnto hym vntill they haue made him to go orderly forward as he should do Whiche when he doeth then immediatlye let theym staye both hand and voyce and make you muche of hym by clawyng him on the necke That done make him to go from the one ende of the lane to the other to and fro about eight times And then light of his backe or elles pace him faire and softly to the stable And for a certain dayes see that you vse none other order than this vntill he be cleane rid of that vyce Wherein so often as he doth offende retourne you to the foresayde correction For this is a proued and an infallible way to bring any horse from his restifnes Whiche correction you might vse also in the plaine field in some new plowed ground but for werying of the footemen whose trauell shoulde be greater there to folowe the horse euery way that he flieth out then in a lane And the more that your horse goeth backward whilst he is so corrected let the footemen laye on the faster and crye out the lowder And besides that somtime it shall not be amisse to tourne hys head towardes that waye that he would so faine flee out And so in your anger force him by beatinge him all the waye vpon the head with a cogell and by cryinge out vnto him to gallop so hard as he cā driue the length of a good Cariere And then turne him againe toward the way from whence you began to gallop him make him to go forward correctinge him at that time more with your voyce then with your cogell And if he goth quietlye then leaue cryinge out and make much of him For I am sure he will be glad at length to yelde rather then to be so beaten But if he continue still in his frowardnes and wil not go forward then you maye geue him halfe a turne and immediatlye by pullinge in the bridle make him to go backward about ten paces in so hasty wyse as you can That done tourne his heade againe towardes that way in the whyche he would not go forward and then sodenlie put him forward Which doing for the most part wil make him to take his way And to thintent he maye be the sooner and the more throughlye corrected of this vice you may besydes all this tey a good long corde vnto his tale winding it about lyke as you do when you trym your horses taile with a ribbon or lace the last knot whereof woulde be fastened together with some of the heares for feare of slippinge which knot if you can not make then tey the vpper ende of the corde vnto the hynder buckle of the sadle seruing the crooper and so it shall not slip awaye The nether ende of whyche corde must hange downe traile after the horse vpon the ground And when your horse will not go forward or goth backewarde let one of the footemen pull the corde harde vnto him whiche when the horse feleth the feare to be pulled and hayled will make him to spring forwarde And so doinge the footman must in the selfe same instaunt let go the corde and to be sure besides the pulling of the corde Let the reste of the fotemen also al to rate the horse with their voyces layinge on with their staues and whorlynge their stones And by vsinge him thus a while you shall correct him of this vice well inough ¶ Remedies against restifnesse procedinge of stubbornes and stout courage Cap. xi BUT if you perceyue that suche restifnes proceadeth of to muche courage and stubbornnesse whiche the horse hath gotten through the fearefulnes of his rider then ryde hym into some plane fielde newlye plowed And there if he whilest you geue him his lesson chaunce to stop in dede or minde to stop and so to become restiffe then immediatlye all to rate him with a terrible voyce beating him vpon the heade betwyxt the eares and vpon the forelegs with a good sticke And the more resistaunce that he maketh in leapyng or goynge ouerthwart or sekynge to fall downe flat or to lie downe on the one side or to doe anye other shrewdnes encrease you his correction so much the more aswell in rating him as in beating him And to molest him the more geue him the ringe tournes on the one side or on the other or on that side wheron he himselfe doth most leane By meanes wherof you shall so tame him as he seinge his resistaunce not
the sprightes animall doe gyue feelyng and mouyng to the bodye doe breede the turnesicke or staggers the falling euill the night mare the Appoplexye the Palsie and the convulsion or crampe the Catharr or Rheume which in a horse is called the Glaunders but firste of headeache Of Headeache The .xvij. Chapter ▪ THe headeache eyther commeth of some inward cause as of some cholericke humor bred in the panicles of the braine or els of some outward cause as of extreme heate or colde of some blow or of some vyolent sauour Eumelus sayth that it cōmeth of rawe disgestion but Martin sayth moste commonly of colde The sygnes be these The horse will hang downe his heade and also hang downe his eares his sight wil be dimme his eyes swollen and waterish and he will forsake his meate The cure Let him bloude in the palat of his mouth Also pourge his heade with this perfume Take of Garlicke stalkes a handefull all to broken in short peces and a good quantitye of Franconcense and being put into a Chaufingdish of fresh coales hold the Chaufingdishe vnder the horses nosetrilles so as the fume may ascende vp into his heade and in vsing him thus once or twice it will make him to cast at the nose and so purge his heade of all filthe Pelagonius sayth that it is good to poure into his nosetrilles wyne wherein hath bene sodden Euforbium Centuarye and Franconcense Of the Frenzy and Madnesse of a horse The .xviij. Chapter THe learned Phisitians do make dyuers kindes as well of Frenzye as of Madnesse whiche are not nedefull here to be recyted sythe I coulde neuer read in any Authour nor learne of any Ferrer that a horse were subiect to the one halfe of them Absirtus Hierocles Eumelius Pelagonius Hipocrates doe wryte simply de furore rabie that is to say of the madnesse of a horse But in dede Vegetius in his seconde booke of horseleach crafte semeth to make foure mad passions belonging to a horse intituling his Chapters in this sorte de Appioso de Frenitico de Cardiacis de Rabioso the effectes whereof thoughe I feare me it will be to no greate purpose yet to contente suche as perhaps haue reade the Authour as wel as I my selfe I will here briefely rehearse the same When some naughty bloude sayth he doth strike the fylme or pannicle of the brayne in one part onely and maketh the same grieuously to ake then the beast becommeth Appiosum that is to saye as it semeth by his owne wordes nexte following both dul of minde and of syght This worde Appiosum is a straunge word and not to be found againe in any other Authour and bycause in this passion the one syde of the heade is onely grieued the horse turneth rounde as thoughe he wente in a Myll But when the poyson of suche corrupt bloude doth infecte the mid brayne then the horse becommeth Frentike and will leape and flyng and runne against the walles And if such bloud filleth the vaynes of the stomacke or breast then it infecteth as well the heart as the brayne causeth alienation of mind the body to sweat and this disease is called of Vegetius Passio cardiaca whiche if Equus Appiosus chaūce to haue ▪ thē he becōmeth Rabiosus that is to say starke madde For sayth he by ouer much heate of the Lyuer and of bloude the vaynes and artiers of the heart are choked vp for griefe and payne wherof the horse byteth him self and gnaweth his owne flesh thus farre Vegetius Of two sortes of mad horses I beleue I haue seene my selfe here in this Realme For I saw once a blacke Sweathlande horse as I toke him to be in my Lorde of Hunnisdons Stable at Hunnisdon comming thither by chaunce with my lord Morlay which horse would stand all day long bytyng of the Maunger eate little meate or none suffring no man to approche vnto hym by which his doynges and partly by his colour and complexion I iudged him to be vexed with a melancholy Madnesse called of the Phisitians Mauia or rather Melancholia which commeth of a corrupt Melancholy and fylthy bloud or humor sometyme spread throughout all the vaynes of the body sometyme perhaps remayning only in the heade or else in the splen or places next thervnto adioyning The other mad horse was a Roane of Mayster Asheleys Mayster of the Iewell house which with his teeth crushed his Maysters ryghte forefinger in peces whylest he offered him a little hay to eat wherby he lost in a maner the vse of hys whole hande to the great griefe of all his frendes and also of all the Muses whiche were wonte to be much delighted with such passing sweete Musicke as that his fine quauering hande coulde sometime make vpon dyuerse Instrumentes but speciallye vpon the Virginalles This horse I say thoughe he coulde eate his meate drinke his drinke slepe yet if he were neuer so litle offended he would take on lyke a spright and both byte and stryke at anye man that came nygh hym ▪ yea and would byte him selfe by the shoulders moste tirribly pulling away lumpes of fleshe so brode as a mannes hande and when so euer he was rydden he was fayne to bee musled with a mussell of Iron made of purpose to kepe him from byting eyther his Ryder or him self whiche no doubt proceded of some kynde of frenzye or madnesse wherevnto the horse was subiecte by meanes that hote bloude as I take it abounded ouer much in him But now as touching the causes sygnes and cure of a horses madnesse you shall heare the opinion of olde wryters for Martin neuer toke such cure in hande Abfirtus and the other Authors before mētioned say that the madnesse of a horse cōmeth eyther by meanes of some extreme heate taken by trauelyng or long standing in hote sunne or else by eating ouer manye Fitches or by some hote bloude resorting to the pannycles of the braine or thorow aboundaunce of Choler remayning in the vaynes or else by drynking of some vnholsome water The sygnes be these he will byte the Maunger and hys owne body and runne vpō euery man that commes nygh hym he wyll continuallye shake hys eares and stare with his eyes and fome at the mouth and also as Hypocrates sayth he will forsake his meate and pyne him selfe wyth hunger The cure Cause him to be let bloude in his legges aboundantly which is done as I take it to conuert the bloude from his heade Notwithstanding it were not amisse to lette him bloude in the necke breast vaynes Then giue him this drinke Take the roote of wylde Coucumber and boyle it in harse redde wyne and put therevnto a little Nitre and giue it him with a horne luke warme or if you can get no Coucumber then take Rewe and Mynts and boyle that in the wyne It were not amisse also to adde therevnto a handefull of blacke Elleborus for that is a verye good hearbe agaynst madnesse Eumelius
else fyll his nosetrilles full of Asses dong or Hogges dong for eyther of them is excellent good to restrayne any flux of bloude Of the diseases in the mouth and first of bloody ryftes or Choppes in the palat of the mouth The .xxxix. Chapter THis disease is called of the Italians Palatina which as Laurentius Russius sayth commeth by eating hay or prouender that is full of pricking seedes which by continual pricking and fretting the forrowes of the mouth doe cause them to rancle and to blede corrupte and stinking matter which you shall quickly remedye as Martin sayth by washing first the sore places with Uinegar salte and then by annoynting the same with Hony Of the Bladders in a Horses mouth which our olde Ferrers were wont to call the Gigges The Italians call them Floncelle The .xl. Chapter THese be little softe swellinges or rather postules with black heades ▪ growing in the insyde of his lyppes next vnto the great Iaw teeth which are so paynefull vnto the horse as they make hym to let his meate fall out of his mouth or at the least to kepe it in his mouth vnchowed wherby the horse prospereth not Russius sayth that they come eyther by eating to muche colde grasse or else of pricking dusty and filthy prouender The cure wherof according to Martin is in this sort Slytte them with a launcet and thrust out all the corruption then wash the sore places with a little Uineger and salt or else with Alom water Of the Lampasse The .xli. Chapter THe Lampasse called of the Italians Lampastus proceedeth of the aboundance of bloude resorting to the firste forrowe of the mouth I meane that which is next vnto the vpper fore-teeth causing the sayd sorrow to swell so hye as the horses teeth so as he can not chowe his meate but is forced to let it fall out of his mouth The remedy is to cut all the superfluous fleshe away with a croked hote Iron made of purpose which euery smyth can doe Of the canker in the mouth The .xlii. Chapter THis disease as Martin sayth is a rawnesse of the mouth tongue which is full of blisters so as he can not eate his meat Which proceedes of some vnnaturall heate comming from the stomacke For the cure wherof Take of Alom halfe a pounde of Honye a quarterne of a pint of Colombine leaues of Sage leaues of ech a handefull Boyle all these together in thre pintes of water vntil a pinte be consumed and washe the sore places therwith so as it maye bleede continuing so to do euery day once vntill it be whole Of the heate in the mouth and lippes The .xliii. Chapter SOmetime the heate that commeth out of the stomacke breedeth no canker but maketh the mouth hote causeth the horse to forsake his meate The cure whereof as Martin sayth is in this sorte First turne vp his vpper lippe and iagge it lightlye with a Launcet so as it may blede and then washe both that and all his mouth tongue with vineger and salte Of the tongue being hurt with the Bytte or otherwise The .xliiii. Chapter IF the tongue be cut or hurt any maner of way Martin sayth it is good first to washe it with Alom water and then to take the leaues of blacke Brimble to chop them together small with a little Larde that done to bynde it within a little cloute making it round lyke a ball then hauing dypt the rounde ende in hony to rubbe the tongue therewith continuing so to doe once a day vntyll it be whole Of the Barbles or Pappes vnderneath the tongue The .xlv. Chapter THese be two little Pappes called of the Italians Barbole growing naturally as I thinke in euery horses mouth vnderneath the tongue in the neather Iawes whiche if they shoote out of any length Russius sayth that they will hinder the horses feeding and therefore he and Martin also would haue them to be clipt away with a payre of sheeres and that done the horses mouth to be washed with Uineger and Salte Of the payne in the téeth and gummes of the Wolfes téeth and Iaw téeth The .xlvi. Chapter A Horse may haue payne in hys teeth partly by discent of humors from his heade downe into his teeth and gummes which is to be perceyued by the ranknesse swelling of the gummes partly by hauing two extraordinary teeth called the Wolfes teeth whiche he two little teeth growing in the vpper Iawes nexte vnto the great grinding teeth which are so paynefull to the horse as he can not indure to chowe his meate but is forced eyther to lette it fall out of his mouth or else to kepe it still halfe chowed wherby the horse prospereth not but waxeth leane and poore and he will do the like also when his vpper Iawe teeth be so farre growen as they ouerhang the neather Iawe teeth and therwith be so sharpe as in mouing his Iawes they cut and race the insydes of his chekes euen as they were raced with a knife And first as touching the cure of the payne in the teeth that cōmeth by meanes of some distillation Vegetius sayth it is good to rubbe all the outsyde of his gummes with fine Chaulke strong Uineger mingled together or else after that you haue washed the gummes with Uineger to strow on them the powder of Pomegranate pilles But me thinkes that besydes this it were not amisse to stop the temple vaynes with the playster before mentioned in the Chapter of weping and waterish eyes The cure of the wolfes teeth and of the Iaw teeth according to Martin is in this sorte First cause the horse heade to be tyed vp to some Rafter or Poste and his mouth to be opened with a corde so wide as you may easelye see euery part therof Then take a rounde strong Iron toole halfe a yearde long and made at the one ende in all poyntes lyke vnto the Carpenters Gouge wherewith he pearceth his holes to be bored with a Wimble or Awgor and with your lefte hande sette the edge of your toole at the foote of the Wolfes teeth on the outsyde of the Iawe turnyng the hollow syde of the toole downewarde holding your hand steadely so as the toole may not slippe nor swarue from the foresayde tooth then hauing a mallet in your right hande stryke vpon the head of the toole one prety blow and therwith you shall loosen the tooth and cause it to bend inward then staying the middest of your toole vppon the horses neather Iaw wrinch the tooth outwarde with the insyde or hollow syde of the toole thrust it cleane out of his heade that done serue the other Wolfes tooth on the other syde in lyke maner and fyll vp the empty places with salte finelye brayed But if his vpper Iawe teeth doe also ouerhang the neather teeth and so cutte the insyde of his mouth as is aforesayd then keping his mouth still open take your toole and Mallet pare all those
declared in the last Chapter He sayth also it is good to make him swim thorowe a Ryuer and to rowle him vpon the haunches nigh the huckle bones and to make the haire to growe agayne it is good as he sayth to annoint the place with Hogs greace and thre leaued grasse stamped together Of Hyde bownd The .lxiii. Chapter HYde bound is when the skinne cleaueth so faste to the horses backe that a man can not pull it from the fleshe with his hand which Ruellius calleth Coriago it commeth for the moste parte of pouerty or else when the horse after some greate heat hath bene suffered to stand long in the rayne or wette weather for that wil cause the skin to shrinke and to cling to his rybbes It is knowen by the leannesse of the horse and gauntnesse of his belly and by the fast sticking of the skinne vnto his ribbes when you pull at it with your hande The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloud on both sydes the bellye in the flanke vaynes betwixt the flanke and the girding place that done gyue him this drinke Take a quart of good white wine or else of good Ale and put therevnto thre ounces of good Salet oyle of Comen one ounce of Annis seedes two ounces of Lycoras two ounces beaten all into fyne powder and giue it him luke warme with a horne And when he hath dronke lette one standing at his huckle bone rubbe him hard with his hande alongst the backe and ouerthwart the rybbes the space of halfe an houre that done sette him in a warme stable and let him stande in litter vp to the belly and couer all his backe and rybbes with a sacke first thorowly soked in a Tub of colde water and then well and harde wrong and ouer that cast an other cloth and girde it fast with a sursingle stuffing him well about the backe with fresh strawe continuing thus to doe euery day once the space of a weeke during whiche tyme giue him no colde water but luke warme and put therein a little ground mault The wette sacke will cause the backe to gather heate of it selfe and the skin to losen from the flesh and if you will bestow more cost you may annoynt all his body with wine and oyle mingled together according to the opinions of the olde wryters whiche no doubte is a verye comfortable thing and must nedes supple the skinne and losen it from the flesh Of the diseases in the throte and lungs and why the griefes of the shoulders and hippes be be not mentioned before amongst the griefes of the withers and backe The .lxiiii. Chapter SOme perhappes would loke here that for so muche as I haue declared the diseases of the necke wythers and backe that I should also follow on now with the griefes of the shoulders and hippes But syth that such griefes for the moste parte doe cause a horse to halt and that it requireth some skill to know when a horse halteth whether the fault be in his shoulder hippe legge ioynte or foote I thinke it not good to seperate those partes a sunder specially syth nature hath ioyned them together that is to say the shoulders to the forelegges and the hippes to the hinder legges And therfore according to natures order I will treate of them in their proper place that is to say after that I haue shewed you all the diseases that be in the inwarde partes of a horses body not onely aboue the midriffe as the diseases of the throte lungs breast and heart but also vnder the Midriffe as those of the stomacke Lyuer Guttes and of all the rest And first as touching the diseases of the throte the Glaunders and Stranguyllion to all horses is most common Of the Glaunders and Stranguyllion so called according to the Italion name Stranguijlione The .lxv. Chapter MOst Ferrers do take the Glaunders and Stranguylion to be all one disease but it is not so for the Glaunders is that which the Phisitians call Tonsille and the Stranguylion is that which they call in Laten Angina in Greeke Synanchi and we commonly cal it in English the Squinācy or Quinzie Toncille is interpreted by them to be inflamations of the kirnelles called in Laten Glandes in Italion glandule whiche lye on eche syde of the throte vnderneath the rote of the tongue nigh vnto the swallowing place of whiche worde glandes or glandule I think we borrow this name Glaunders for when the horse is troubled with this disease he hath greate kyrnelles vnderneath his Iawes easy to be seene or fealte payning him so as he can not easily swallow downe his meate whiche commeth firste of colde distillation out of the heade But if such kirnels be not inflamed they will perhaps go away of them selues or else by laying a little hote horse dong straw vnto them the warmth wherof will dissolue them and make them to vanishe away But if they be inflamed they will not go away but increase and waxe greater and greater and be more paynefull euerye day than other and cause the horse to caste continually filthy and stinking matter out at his nose The cure whereof according to Martin is thus First rype the kyrnelles with this playster Take of Branne two handefull or as much as will thicken a quart of wyne or Ale then putte therevnto halfe a pounde of Hogges greace and boyle them together and lay it hote to the sore with a clothe renuing it euery day vntill it be ready to breake then launce it and let out al the matter and taynt it with a taynt of Flaxe dipte in this salue Take of Turpentyne of Hogs greace of eche like quantity and a little waxe and melt them together and renue the taynt euery day vntill it be whole Laurentius Russius sayth that this disease is very cōmon to Coltes bycause in them doth abounde fluxible moysture apt to to be dissolued with euery little heate and so turne to putrifaction and therefore if the horse be not ouer yong he woulde haue you first to let him bloude in the necke vayne and then to lay vnto the sore a ryping playster made of Mallowes Linseede Rewe Wormewood ground Iue oyle of Bayes and Dyalthea and to annoynt his throte also and al the sore place with fresh butter And the sore being rype to launce it or else to rowle it that the matter may come forth But if the kirnelles will not decrease with this then pull them away by the rootes to dry vp the vlcerous place with an oyntmente made of vnslect Lyme Pepper Brymstone Nitrum and oyle Oliue It shall be good also to purge his heade by perfuming him euery day once in suche sorte as haue bene before declared And let the horse be kept warme about the heade and stande in a warme stable and let him drinke no colde water But if you see that after you haue taken away the kirnelles the horse doth not for all that leaue casting fylthy matter at
Notwithstāding to giue some lighte vnto the vnlearned Ferrers and that they may the better vnderstande the inwarde parts of a horse I thought good to write thus much thinking it no tyme loste whyle I may profite them any way Of the diseases in the Splene The .lxxxix. Chapter THe splene as I said before in the kepers office is the receptacle of Melācholy and of the dregges of the bloude and is subiecte to the like diseases that the Lyuer is that is to say to swelling obstruction harde knob and inflamation for the substaunce of the splene is spongious and therfore apt to sucke in all filth and to delate it selfe wherefore being full it must nedes swell which will appeare in the left syde vnder the short rybbes such swelling causeth also shortnesse of breath and specially when the body doth labour or trauayle It is painefull also to lye on the ryghte syde bycause the splen being so swollen oppresseth the midriffe and speciallye when the stomacke is full of meate and the Pacient hath worse digestion than appetyte is troubled with muche winde both vpwarde and downewarde Moreouer the vapour of the humor doth offende the harte making it faint and causeth all the body to be heauy and dull and if such swelling be suffered to go vncured then if it be a Melācholy humor and abounding ouermuche it waxeth euery day thicker and thicker causing obstruction not onely in the vaynes and artires which is to be perceyued by heauinesse and griefe on the left syde but also in the splen it selfe whereas by vertue of the heate it is hardned euery day more and more and so by little and little waxeth to a harde knob which doth not onely occupye all the substance of the splen but also many tymes all the lefte syde of the wombe and thereby maketh all the euill accydentes or griefes before recited muche worse than they were Now as touching the inflamatiō of the splen whith chaunceth very seldom for so much as euery inflamation procedeth of pure bloude which seldome entreth into the splen I shall not nede to make many words but refer you ouer to the Chapter of the Lyuer for in suche case they differ not but proceeding of like cause haue also lyke sygnes and do requyre lyke cure The olde wryters say that horses be often grieued with griefe in the splen and specially in Sommer season wyth gredy eatyng of sweete greene meates and they call those horses Lienosos that is to say splenticke The signes wherof say they are these hard swelling on the left side short breath often groning and gredy appetite to meate The remedy whereof according to Absirtus is to make the horse to sweate once a day during a certaine tyme by ryding him or otherwyse traueling hym and to poure into his lefte nosetrill euery day the iuyce of Mirabolaus mingled with wyne and water amounting in all to the quantitye of a pynte But me thinkes it would do him more good if he dranke it as Hierocles would haue him to do Eumelius prayseth this drinke Take of Cumyn seede and of hony of ech sixe ounces and of Lacerpitium as much as a beane of Uineger a pinte and put al these into three quartes of water and let it stande so all night and the next morning giue the horse to drinke thereof being kept ouernight fasting Theomnestus prayseth the decoction of Capers specially if the barke of the roote thereof may be gotten sodē in water to a Syrop or else make him a drinke of Garlycke Nytrum Horehounde and wormewode soden in harshe wine and he would haue the lefte syde to be bathed with warme water to be harde rubbed And if all this will not helpe then to giue hym the fyre which Absirtus doth not allowe saying that the splen lyeth so as it can not be easly fyered to doe him any good But for so much as the Lyuer and splen are members much occupyed in the ingēdring and seperating of humors many euill accydents and griefes doe take their first beginning of them as the Iaūdis called in a horse the yealows drynesse of body and consumption of the flesh with out any apparaunt cause why whiche the Phisitians call Atrophia also euill habit of the body called of them Cachexia and the Dropsy But first we wyll speake of the Iaundis or yealows Of the yealows The .xc. Chapter THe Phisitians in mans body do make two kinds of Iaundis that is to say the yeallow proceeding of Cholor dispersed thorowe out the whole body and dying the skin yeallow and the blacke proceding of Melancholy dispersed like wise thorowout the whole bodye and making all the skinne blacke And as the yeallow Iaundis commeth for the most parte eyther by obstruction or stopping of the conduits belonging to the bladder of the Gall which as I sayde before is the receptacle of Cholour or by some inflamation of the Lyuer whereby the bloude is conuerted into Cholour and so spreadeth thorowout the body euen so the blacke Iaundis commeth by meanes of some obstruction in the Lyuer vayne that goeth to the splene not suffering the splene to do his office in receyuing the dregges of the bloude from the Lyuer wherein they abounde to much or else for that the splen is already to full of suche dregs and so sheadeth them backe agaime into the vaynes But as for the blacke Iaundis they haue not bene obserued to be in horses as in men by any of our Ferrers in these dayes that I can learne And yet the olde writers of horseleach crafte doe seme to make two kindes of Iaundis called of them Cholera that is to say the dry Cholor and also moyst Cholor The signes of the dry Cholor as Absirtus sayth is great heat in the body and costiuenesse of the belly whereof it is sayde to be dry Moreouer the horse will not couet to lye downe bycause he is so payned in his body and his mouth will be hote and dry It commeth as he sayth by obstruction of the conduit wherby the Cholor should resorte into the bladder of the Gall and by obstruction also of the vrine vessels so as he can not stale The cure according to his experience is to giue him a glister made of Oyle water and Nytrum and to giue him no prouender before that you haue raked his fundament and to poure the decoction of Mallowes mingled with sweete wyne into his nosetrels let hys meate be grasse or else sweete hay sprinckled with Nytre and water and he must rest from labor be often rubbed Hierocles would haue him to drinke the decoction of wilde Coleworts sodden in wine Againe of the moist Cholor or Iaundis these are the signes The horses eyes will looke yeallow and his nosetrilles wil open wyde his eares and his flanks wil sweat and his stale will be yeallow and Choloricke and he will grone when he lyeth downe which disease the sayde Absirtus was wonte to heale as he sayth by giuing
so to doe euery day once vntil it be whole How to know when a horse halteth before in what parte his griefe is The Cix Chapter BEing nowe come to talk of the griefes in the shoulders legges hips houghes ioyntes and houes causing the horse moste commonly to halte I thinke it good first to shewe you the way how to finde in what part of his legges the horse is grieued when he halteth eyther before or behinde And firste you haue to consider that if a horse halteth before it must be eyther in his shoulders in his legges or in his feete If it be in his shoulders and new hurt the horse wil not lift that legge but traile it nighe the grounde If it be olde hurte he wil cast that legge further from him in his going than the other and if he be turned on the sore syde then he will halte so much the more If a horse halteth in the legge it is eyther in the knee in the shanke or in the pastorne ioynt if it be eyther in the knee or pastorne ioynt he will not bowe that in his goyng like the other but goe very stifly vpon it If he halteth in the shanke then it is by meanes of some splent wingall or suche apparant griefe apt to be sene or felt If he halt in the foote it is eyther in the cronet hele in the toe in the quarters or sole of the foote If it be in the cronet the griefe will be apparant the skin being broken or swollen some maner of way If in the hele as by ouer reache or otherwise then he will treade most on the toe if vpon any of the quarters thē going on the edge of a bank or hilly ground he will halt more than on the plaine ground and by the horses comming towardes you and going from you vpon suche edge or banke you shal easely perceyue whether his griefe be in the inwarde quarter or outward quarter The quarter is to be vnderstande from the mid houe to the hele If he halte in the toe which is not commonly sene then he will tread more vpon the hele If his griefe be in the sole of the foote then he will halte all after one sort vpon any ground vnlesse it be vpon the stones And to be sure in what parte of the foote the griefe is it shall be good first to make him go vpon the plaine ground and then vpon a harde and stony ground yea and also banky ground Thus hauing declared vnto you in generall howe to knowe in what parte a horse is grieued when he halteth before I thinke it mete first to shew you orderly al the particuler griefes and sorances whervnto the fore partes of a horse are subiect together with the causes sygnes and cure thereof That done I will speake of halting behinde and shew you first generally where the griefe is and then perticulerly declare vnto you euery griefe incident to the hinder partes of a horse And lastely I will speake of such griefes and sorances as are commō to both parts that is to say as well to the forelegges and forefete as to the hinder legges and hinder fete Of the griefe and pinching in the shoulder The Cx. Chapter THis commeth eyther by labouring and strayning the horse to yong or else by some great burthē You shall perceyue it by the narrownesse of the brest and by consuming of the fleshe of the shoulders in so much as the fore part of the shoulder bone will sticke out be a great deale higher then the fleshe And if it be of long continuance he will be very hollow vpō the brisket towardes the armeholes and he will go wyder beneath at the feete then aboue at the knees The cure according to Martin is thus Giue him a slit of an inch long with a sharpe knife or Rasor vpon both sydes an ynche vnder the shoulder bones Then with a Swannes quill put into the slitte blowe vp firste the one shoulder and then the other as bigge as you can possibly euen vp to the wythers and with your hand stryke the wind equally into euery place of the shoulders And when they be both full then beat all the windy places with a good hasell wand ouer all the shoulder Then with a flatte sclise of yron loosen the skinne within from the fleshe That done rowell the two slits or cuttes with two round rowels made of the vpper leather of an olde shooe with a hole in the middest that the matter may issu forth and let such rowels be thre inches brode and so put in as they may lye playne and flatte within the cut Then make a charge to lay vpon the same in this sorte Take of Pytch of Rosen of eche one pounde of Tarre halfe a pinte boyle these things all together in a pot and when it is somewhat cooled take a sticke with a wollen clout bound faste to the one ende thereof and dippe it into this charge and couer or daube all the shoulders therewith That done clappe therevnto a pounde of Floxe of such colour as the horse is or as nighe vnto the same as may be euery other day clense both the woundes and rowels put them in againe continuing thus to doe the space of .xv. dayes Then take them out heale vp the wounds with two taynts of Flax dipt in Turpentine and Hogs grease molten together renuing the same euery day once vntill the wounds be whole But let the charge lye still vntill it fall away of it selfe and let the horse runne to grasse vntill he hath had a frost or two Of wrinching the shoulder The Cxi Chapter THis commeth sometyme by a fall and sometime by turning to sodenly in some vneuen ground or by to rashe running out at some dore or by some strype of an other horse or by some sodayne stoppe in passing a Carrier You shall perceyue it in his going by trayling his legge vppon the ground so close vnto him selfe as he can possible The cure according to Martin is thus Let him bloude the quantity of thre pintes on the brest in the plat vaine receyuing the bloud in a pot and thervnto put first a quart of strōg Uineger halfe a dosen brokē egges shelles al so much wheate flower as will thicken all that lyquor That done put thervnto of bole Armeny beaten into fine pouder one pounde of Sanguis Draconis two ounces and mingle them all together so as the flower may not be perceyued and if it be to stiffe you may make it more lyquid or softe with a little Uineger Then with your hande daube all the shoulder from the mayne downewarde and betwixt the forebowels all against the haire and let not the horse departe out of that place vntill the charge be surely fastned vnto the skinne That done cary him into the stable and tye him vp to the racke and suffer him not to lye downe all that day giue him a little meate dyeting him