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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	blood_n	bread_n	wine_n	1,397	5	8.0276	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A11189	A way of reconciliation of a good and learned man touching the trueth, nature, and substance of the body and blood of Christ in the sacrament. Translated out of Latin by the right honorable Lady Elizabeth Russell, dowager to the right honourable the Lord Iohn Russell, Baron, and sonne and heire to Francis Earle of Bedford.	Russell, Elizabeth Cooke Hoby, Lady, ca. 1540-1609.	1605 (1605)	STC 21456; ESTC S101217	72,992	116

my flesh And againe Vnlesse ye eate the flesh of the Sonne of man c. And how saith he is not the flesh seene O man this is done for our infirmitie For since the bread and wine bee of those things which we be acquainted withall we abhorre them not but if wee should see blood and flesh set before vs we could not abide it but should vtterly abhorre it Therefore God of his mercie fauouring our frailtie retaineth still the forme of bread and wine but he altereth the element into the power of flesh and blood By all these places it is most certaine that Theophylactus followed the steps of the ancient fathers set aside all carnall imaginations in this Sacrament called vs to such as be hie and spirituall that it is not only a figure of the Lords bodie but rather is verely his body yet they that be partakers are not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say flesh eaters And he addeth the cause for that we vnderstand it not carnally but spiritually that is to say that they remaine the formes of bread and wine but yet do passe into the power of the Lords flesh and blood and as he tearmed it be transelemented in which tearme there is no cause why we should faine to our selfe any Popish Transubstantiation as they cal it Idem in Ioan. cap. 6. For writing vpon the 6. Chapter of Iohn he vseth the same terme saying thus Therfore euen as I saith he liue for the Father that is as I am borne of the Father which is life euen so also he that eateth me liueth by the meanes of me while he is after a sort mixed with me and is transelemented into me that can quicken By this terme of transelementatiō he meant to signifie nothing els but the same change that is fit for the Sacraments wherof Ambrose Emissenus and others make mention as before we haue repeated for otherwayes wee cannot be transelemented into Christ And no maruell that Theophylactus so tearmed it since Chrysostom himselfe vpon the sixt chap. of Iohn homilia 45. vseth these wordes Chrysost in Ioan. cap. 6. homil 45. But that we should not onely by loue but also in very deed bee turned into that flesh hee hath wrought it by the meate which hee hath giuen vs. Behold Chrysostome saith we are turned into the flesh of Christ really as I may so terme it But yet who seeth not that turning to be spirituall not carnal Euen so is bread turned in very deede and transelemented into Christes flesh but by a spiritual and no carnall turning because the bread doeth get to it the power of the flesh And these things which haue bene thus cited out of Theophylactus albeit he be not so ancient an authour yet because hee is chiefly alleaged of such as followe the carnall sence in the sacrament of thankesgiuing though hee doth very manifestly expound himselfe and teacheth nothing repugnant to holy Scriptures and writings of old Authors I meant to shew the true opinion of so learned a man and not to discredit his authoritie as a late writer Damascenus is yet vnspoken of whom the aduersaries vse as it were a chief champion but in case they would not snatchingly picke out such sentences as serue the humor of their affections but marke well the through drift of his writing he helpeth not so much their cause as he doth ouerthrow it Albeit that I may frankely admonish the reader and vtter mine opinion he is but a very slippery and an vncertain author in expounding of this mysterie and none I dare say among the olde writers shall be found that hath reasoned of this matter so obscurely and doubtfully Truely I gather by him that vvhen hee had determined to write a breuiat of the true faith hee vvould neither leaue this sacrament vnspoken of nor yet vvist how to intreate of it plainely enough The vvhich of his ovvne vvords the indifferent reader shall easily iudge Damas De fide Orthod lib. 4. cap. 14. He vvriteth De fide orthod lib. 4. cap. 14. of Christ in this vvise It behooued not onely that the first fruits of our nature should come into the partaking of a better but that all persons as many as would should both be borne by a second natiuitie and nourished with a nevv meat meet for that natiuity and so preuent the measure of perfection And a litle after And because he is a spirituall Adam it behoued the natiuitie also to be spirituall and likewise the meate For since vvee haue a double and compound nature it is fitte that the natiuitie bee also double and the food likevvise compound The natiuitie therefore is giuen vs by vvater and spirit I meane by holy Baptisme but the meate is our Lord himselfe Iesus Christ vvhich came dovvne from heauen Then after alleaging the vvordes of the Lords Supper and proofes of vvhat force the vvord is he addeth Euen as all things vvhatsoeuer God had made he hath made them by the vvorking of the holy Ghost so novv also the same force of the holy Ghost bringeth to passe those things that be aboue nature the vvhich no thing can comprehend but onely faith And a little after But bread and vvine bee taken For God knovveth mans vveakenes For commonly those things vvhich it is not acquainted vvith it shunneth vvith loathsomnesse Therfore he humbled himselfe after his wonted maner and bringeth to passe by the accustomed things of nature such things as bee aboue nature And euen as in Baptisme because it is the maner of men to bee washed vvith vvater and anointed vvith oyle he coupled vvith oile and vvater the grace of the holy Ghost and made it to be the vvashing of regeneration After the same sort because men are vvont to eate bread and drinke vvine and vvater he coupled therevvithall his Diuinitie and made them his body and blood that by matters vsuall and agreeable to nature we may be caried to those things which passe nature Hitherto hee seemed to agree with the rest for such as the second natiuitie is such saith he is the meate He termeth the natiuitie spirituall likewise also the meat The natiuitie to be double through water and the holy Ghost the meat also double but how it is double hee alleageth not forthwith as hee did in the natiuity but the meate saith he is the very bread of life which came downe from heauen yet after a few wordes he declareth howe it is done saying As the water is coupled with the grace of the holy Ghost and is made the washing of regeneration so is the diuinitie coupled with the bread and is made the body blood of the Lord. And this hee affirmeth to be the working of the holy Ghost and that the bread and wine be taken for mans infirmitie and by matters vsual to nature those things bee wrought that passe nature which onely faith can comprehend None of these things be contrary to the opinion of the

to pure flesh incorporat made one with it doth liue by his spirit euen as one bodie by his owne spirit But he that is not of the body of CHRIST liueth not of the Spirit of CHRIST Hitherto Augustine hath plainly inough proued the trueth and nature of the body of CHRIST in this Sacrament Hilar. de tri lib. 8. Hilarie in his 8. booke of the Trinitie I would know now of them that alledge vnitie of wil between the Father and the Sonne whether CHRIST nowadayes be in vs by trueth of nature or by agreement of will For if the Word be verily made flesh and wee receiue the word verily flesh in the Lords meate how should a man not suppose him to remaine naturally in vs which being borne man tooke to himselfe an vnseparable nature now of our flesh and hath mixed the nature of his owne flesh with the nature of eternitie vnder the Sacrament of his flesh to be partaked among vs And a little after Therefore whosoeuer wil denie the Father to be naturally in CHRIST let him first denie either himselfe to be naturally in CHRIST or CHRIST to be in him because the Father in CHRIST and CHRIST in vs do make vs to be one thing in them If CHRIST therefore did verily take the flesh of our bodie if the same man which was borne of the Virgine Mary be verily CHRIST and we verily take vnder a mysterie the flesh of his body and thereby shal become one because the Father is in him and hee in vs How is the vnitie of will alledged seeing the naturall propertie by meanes of the Sacrament is a Sacrament of perfect vnitie Also a little after For those things which wee speake of the naturall trueth of CHRIST in vs vnlesse we learne of him we speake foolishly and wickedly For he saith My flesh is meat in deed and my Blood is drinke in deed Hee that eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood remaineth in mee and I in him There is no place left of doubting of the trueth of Flesh and Blood For now it is verily Flesh and verily Blood both by the confession of our Lord himselfe and also by our Faith and these things being receiued by eating and drinking doe worke that effect that both wee be in CHRIST and CHRIST is in vs. Is not this trueth Let it happen vnto them not to bee true which denie IESVS CHRIST to be very God And soone after And so by a Mediator the perfit Vnitie should be taught when as wee abiding in him hee should abide in the Father and he abiding in the Father should abide in vs and so should we clime to the vnitie of the Father when hee is naturally according to his birth in him we also should be naturally in him so long as he abideth naturally in vs. And that this natural vnitie is in vs he hath thus witnessed He that eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood abideth in me and I in him And by and by he addeth This is truely the cause of our life for that we haue CHRIST remaining in vs carnal men according to the flesh whereas wee shall liue hereafter by him after the same sort as he liueth by the Father If we therefore liue naturally by him after the flesh namely hauing taken vpon vs the nature of his flesh how hath he not the Father after the spirit naturally in him since he liueth by the Father And he concludeth To this end be these things rehearsed by vs because the heretiks affirming falsly the vnitie of wil onely betweene the Father and the Sonne vsed for the example of our vnitie with the Lord as though we were vnited to the Sonne and by the Sonne to the Father only by obedience and will of Religion and no propertie of naturall fellowship were granted to vs by the Sacrament of his flesh and blood whereas in deed the mysterie of the true and naturall vnitie should be taught both for the honour of the Sonne of God that is giuen vs and for the Sonne carnally abiding in vs and wee knit corporally and vnseparably in him Hilarius doeth manifestly teach the true and naturall partaking of the flesh of CHRIST in the Sacrament And as plainely doeth Cyrillus witnesse the same in the 10. Cyrillus lib. 10. cap. 13. booke chap. 13. when he saith Yet wee denie not that wee be ioyned spiritually in CHRIST by a right faith and sincere loue but that wee haue no maner of ioyning with him according to the flesh that truely we vtterly denie And soone after But doth hee happily thinke that the vertue of the mysticall blessing is vnknowen to vs which when it is wrought in vs doth it not also make CHRIST to dwell corporally in vs by the partaking of the flesh of CHRIST For why be the members of the faithfull the members of CHRIST Know ye not saith he that your members be the members of Christ Shal I therefore make the members of Christ the members of an harlot Our Sauiour also saith He that eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood remaineth in me and I in him whereby it ought to be considered that CHRIST is in vs not onely by that accustomed qualitie which is perceiued by loue but also further by a naturall partaking For euen as if a man shall melt waxe by the fire and mingle it with other waxe which is likewise melted so that one lumpe may seeme to be made of both So by the communion of the body and blood of CHRIST he is in vs and wee in him For this corruptible nature of the bodie could not otherwise be brought to vncorruption and life vnlesse the body of naturall life should be ioyned thereto The same man also in his 4. Idem in Io. lib. 4. cap. 14. booke vpon Iohn the 14. chapter doeth witnesse For truely it behoueth that not onely the soule should ascend into blessed life by the holy Ghost but also that this rude and earthly body should be brought againe to immortalitie by a taste feeling and meate like vnto it The same man in his 11. book vpon Iohn cap. 27. The Sonne Idem in Io. lib. 11. cap. 27. as man is made one with vs corporally by the mystical blessings but spiritually as God And a little after For we receiuing corporally and substantially as it hath bene said the Sonne of God which is made one by nature with the Father be made pure and glorified being partakers of the nature that is from aboue The same man in the same book vpon the 26. chapter Idem eodem lib. cap. 26. For to the end therefore ye might knit euery one of vs among our selues and God although wee differ both in body and soule yet hath he found a meane agreeable to the determination of his Father and his owne wisdome For he blessing with his owne body through the mystical communion them that beleeue doth make vs one bodie both with himselfe and also among our selues For

to the cruel maner of wilde beasts and that they were prouoked to an appetite to eate the raw flesh of man and drinke blood which things bee horrible euen to bee heard Wherefore if we beleeue that the flesh of Christ properly so called is there present whether we thinke it raw rost or sodden either whole or cut in gobbets open or couert the sense is vtterly carnal the words be carnally vnderstood For it is not therefore to be thought a spirituall sense because they say the flesh of Christ is present inuisibly For if their meaning be of the proper flesh we cannot say that we eate him not therefore carnally because we see him not The blinde see not those things which they eate and men many times in pottage and brothes eate egges and flesh which neither they see nor otherwhile feele in taste But none of all these is a spirituall sense or doth containe a more hie meaning but as the wordes simply do signifie eate egges and flesh which Chrysostome termeth carnall vnderstanding Since therefore all carnall meaning of the words set apart a spirituall must be had and retained therein we ought godly to seeke and reuerently to search out what maner of vnderstanding that is that hath bene set foorth and commended vnto vs the which we also wil indeauour our selues to doe not departing from the footsteps of the very same Fathers Euen as there be two parts whereof the sacrament doth consist that is the outward signe and inward vertue so is that spirituall sense which is here required taken of both these parts The carnall vnderstanding doth follow the letter as Nicodemus when he had heard Vnlesse a man bee borne againe of water and the spirit c. hee asketh this question How can a man be borne againe Can he returne againe into his mothers wombe The spirituall man departeth from the letter and so are we borne againe in Baptisme And the washing is of two sorts Outward and inward carnall and spiritual the one according to the letter and is made by water the other doth shunne the letter and is performed in spirit Either of them is said to be truely done but after a diuers maner The first maner of speaking is proper the other figuratiue and the figure hath otherwhile relation to the outward similitude otherwhile to the vertue inwardly hid It is figuratiuely spoken All flesh is grasse For the withering grasse hath a certaine similitude of a man that soone perisheth Beware of the leauen of the Pharises This is taken of the proper strength of leauen which spreadeth the taste therof thorowout the whole lumpe very like whereunto is the infection of ill doctrine Now in this sacrament the Fathers of old time haue noted tvvo things for either of the which it may well be called and accompted the body of Christ but especially when it comprehendeth them both For both because the Bread is a figure of the true body it is iustly called his body and much more because it hath the liuely force of the same ioyned thereto but in especiall because it comprehendeth both And that the figure of any thing hath by good reason the name of the same and is called the thing it selfe indeed Esay sheweth where he saith The people bee verily hay and He verily hath borne our iniquities By a similitude is the people called hay and the Lord vpon the Crosse had in him a similitude of a sinnefull man although he himselfe was without sinne after which maner also Christ is said to be the true Vine I am the true Vine saith he and other places which a man shall often finde in the Scriptures Iohn Baptist spake the trueth when he said Behold the Lambe of God The Lord himselfe said the trueth when he said of Nathaniel Behold an Israelite in deed in whom is no deceit That word Verily or Indeed is not to be referred to the outward but to the inward circumcision for the people of God also vvhich is gathered of the Gentiles is now more truely called Israel then the Ievves themselues according to the saying of Paul We be the Circumcision which worship God in spirit And this He is not a Iew which in outward appearance is a Iew but he is a Iew which is a Iew in secret Yet be we not for all that properly Iewes but we are called so by a figure all these figuratiue speaches for the outward similitude of the things Wherefore it ought to seeme neither a new thing nor yet a marueile if the Lords bread be said to be verily the body where it is a figure of the body August ad Bonif. epist. 23. Hereupon Augustin to Boniface in his 23. Epistle saith For thus wee speake oftentimes As when Easter is at hand we say The Lords passion shal be to morrow or the next day where hee suffered so many yeeres agoe and that passion hath neuer been done but once Likewise vpon the very Easter day wee say To day the Lord rose againe when since hee rose againe so many yeeres are past Why is none so foolish to reproue vs and say we lie in so saying But because wee vse to call these dayes according to the similitude of them in which these thinges were done So that it is called the same day which is not the same but by course of time is like vnto it and it is said to be done that day for the ministring of the Sacrament which was not done that day but long agoe Was not Christ once offered in himselfe yet in the Sacrament not onely in all the solemnities of Easter but euery day hee is offered to the people Againe he lieth not that being asked the question doth answere that he is offered for if the Sacraments should not haue a certaine likenesse of those things whereof they be Sacraments they should be no Sacraments at all and of this likenes also many times they take the names of the things themselues Euen as therfore after a certaine manner the Sacrament of the bodie of Christ is the bodie of Christ and the Sacrament of the blood of Christ is the blood of Christ so also the Sacrament of faith is faith By this place of Augustin and many other both of his other fathers we see that the figures and similitudes of things bee often called by the name of the thinges themselues and that this is one cause though not the onely why this sacrament is called verily Christs bodie To this agree those things that we commonly finde amongst olde writers who tearme this Sacrament otherwhile a figure as Tertull. cont Mart. lib. 4. Tertull. This is my body saith he that is to say a figure of my bodie And Nazianzene Nazianzene which said the old Passouer was a figure of a figure Augustin And Augustin The bodie saith hee of Christ is the trueth and a figure Sometime a signe as Augustin contra Adimant cap. 12. The Lord put no doubt to

the faithfull be not in the sacrament 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is deuourers of flesh as I may so terme it as the letter properly soundeth but that spirituall sence is required that is the forme of bread wine being retained the vertue of his flesh and blood is receiued of the faithfull as it is manifest by his owne words both here and those before rehearsed Bertram Wherefore Bertram following the opinion of the old Fathers hath thus written For according to the substance of the creatures they be the same also after that they were before the consecration They were before bread and wine in which forme being now consecrated they seeme to remaine Therfore is there a thing changed inwardly by the mightie power of the holy Ghost which faith beholdeth and feedeth the soule and ministreth substance of eternall life Likewise But now because faith doeth behold that whole whatsoeuer that whole is and the eye of the flesh perceiueth nothing ye shall vnderstand that those things which be seene be the bodie and blood Christ not in forme but in strength The same Bertram when he had rehearsed this saying of Isidore Which thinges for that cause be called sacraments because vnder the couer of corporall things the diuine power doth worke more secret saluation whereupon they be called sacraments also of their secret and holie vertues and in Greek it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because it hath a secret hid dispensation And after he addeth of his own this saying What be we taught therby but that the body blood of the Lord be for that cause called Mysteries because they haue a secret and hid dispensation that is they be one thing which they outwardly betoken and another which inwardly they inuisibly worke Of this also they be called sacraments because vnder the couer of corporall things the diuine power doth more secretly minister the saluation of those that receiue them faithfully By all these things which haue hitherto bene spoken it hath bene made manifest that the body and blood of Christ which in the Church be receiued by the mouth of the faithfull bee figures according to their visible forme but according to their inuisible substance that is the power of the heauenly Word they verily be the body and blood of Christ Whereupon according to the visible creature they feed the body but according to the vertue of their better substance they both feed and sanctifie the minds of the faithfull These bee Bertrams words Hitherto haue we declared what hath bene the opinion of the old true diuines of the Supper of the Lord aswell Grecians as Latines euen vnto Bertrams time who in the yeere after Christs birth 840. was a famous man both in life learning noted by no man of Heresie nor found fault with as hauing ill written but greatly praised by the iudgement of learned and good men Wherefore that Iohn called Abbas Trithemius Abbas Trithem doubted not to reckon him in the roule of diuine famous writers and to praise him by this his testimony that foloweth Bertram an Elder and Monke very expert in holy Scripture and notably wel learned in humanitie quick of wit eloquent of speech no lesse famous in life then learning writ many notable little treatises whereof a few haue come to my knowledge He writ one booke of Predestination a cōmendable worke To Charles the king brother to Lotharius the Emperor of the body and blood of the Lord another booke These things haue I the more willingly rehearsed to this intent to reproue that railing boldnes of tongue that some man hath vsed who in a book newly set forth of this controuersie when he had nothing wherewith he could answer Bertram thought it sufficient to despise this so famous a man to note him with the name of an heretike Bertram saith he or what other soeuer was author of that worke set forth in his name was a crafty and an impudent Heretike O shameles face and meet to be bridled Barnard also which liued 300. yeere after Bertram doth reiect all carnall vnderstanding in the wordes of the Lords Supper and acknowledgeth onely a spirituall whose words taken out of his Sermon in the day of the Lords Supper I haue here added A sacrament is called a holy signe or holy secret Many things certainly be done only for themselues some other also for other things betokened and they be called signes and be so As for example of vsual matters a ring is giuen absolutely for a ring there is no signification It is giuen to set a man in possession of any estate of inheritance and it is a token so that now he that receiueth it may say the ring is of smal value but it is the inheritance that I seeke After this sort therefore our Lord drawing neere his Passion was careful to set his disciples in possession of his grace that his inuisible grace might be giuen by some visible signe To this intent hee ordained the sacraments Idem de S. Mart. To this end is the partaking of the sacrament of Thankesgiuing The same man of S. Martin Without faile euen vnto this day is the same flesh giuen vs but spiritually not carnally neither haue we to finde fault that there is denied to this our time the appearing which was shewed to the Fathers of the olde Testament or that presence of his flesh which was declared to the Apostles For certainely neither of both can be prooued to be wanting to those that consider it faithfully For the true substance of his flesh is also now present with vs no doubt but in a sacrament and there be reuelations but yet in spirit and povver so that no part of grace can be prooued to be wanting in the time of grace that now is In cōclusion neither the eye hath seene nor the eare hath heard neither haue they ascended into the heart of man which God hath prepared for them that loue him Notwithstanding he hath reueiled them vnto vs by his Spirit Neither marueile thou that he gaue carnal apparances vnto them which looked for his carnall comming for it is necessary that we haue the grace so much more of force the reuelation of more dignitie as those things vndoubtedly be more excellent that we looke for It cannot be hid by these things that we haue spoken what was Bernards opinion of the presence of the flesh in the Lords Supper First folowing the old writers he appointeth two parts of the sacrament the outward signe and the invvard matter which he defineth to be inuisible grace Againe the flesh is giuen to vs but spiritually not carnally Finally that the very substance of his flesh is present but yet as it is fit for the time of grace in grace spirit and povver As for that other Sermon of the Supper of the Lord since it is not reckoned among Bernards owne works albeit it be not contrary to these things that we haue now