vehement then more gentle again D. What time is most fit for Exercise C. When the Concoction is perfected But in regard that Exercise stirs up the Natural Heat without which the Meat cannot well be concocted Exercise ought to be always us'd before Meals Besides that Exercise consumes many Superfluities which are first to be expell'd before any more Nourishment be receiv'd in After Meals Exercise is hurtful in regard the agitation of the Body joggs down the Nourishment out of the Stomach ere it be concocted which occasions several Crudities in the Veins that beget several Diseases Neither is a man to exercise till he has emptied his Body of such Excrements as call upon Nature lest any thing of them be carried away into the Habit of the Body through the force of the Natural Heat redoubled by Exercise Of the Rest D. When is Rest required C. When the Body is wearied with extraordinary motion for in all motion of the Body says Hippocrates when any person comes to be wearied Rest is presently the Remedy against Weariness This Ovid also confirms where he says That whatever wants alternate Rest can never long support it self for Rest repairs the strength and recreates the weary Members The Mind also wearied with Cares and study stands in need of Relaxation and Rest which unless you grant it is impossible to maintain its Vigor Ease nourishes the Body and feeds the Mind But as moderate Ease is wholesom so immoderate Sloth is hurtful for it dulls the vigor of the Mind and begets Crudity For as by Exercise the Native Heat is increas'd and Concoction expedited so is it by Sloth extinguish'd and Concoction hinder'd Of the Excrements D. What Excrements are wholesom C. The several Excrements if they be moderate and seasonably thrown off are wholesom but if they be kept in and tarry too long in the Body they putrefie and breed several sorts of Diseases Wherefore for the preservation of Health they are to be expell'd in time by the help of Art D. But artificial evacuation is not convenient because we learn out of Hippocrates That sane People purg'd by Cathartick Med'cins suddenly decay C. That is to be understood of such as are of an unblameable habit of Body who before Meals are constant in their exercise of their Body and Mind and take an accurate care in observing due Concoction But as for them who keep no constant method of Feeding or through Intemperance or Business or Ignorance tho healthy and strong they cannot pretend to be safe from Diseases unless it be by a provident loosning the Belly by intervals or sometimes by making use of more powerful Purgation and by seasonable opening a Vein or taking such Remedies as are effectual to concoct attenuate and cleanse as Galen tells us in his Book De Euchymia D. What is to be observ'd in determining the Quantity of Evacuation C. You are always to consider the strength of the Person for all Evacuation too excessive is dangerous because it weak'ns the strength D. What is the method of Evacuation C. Where there is most superfluous Matter there by little and little not all at once evacuation is to be made lest the Body be too suddenly and too violently weak'nd therefore it is better to let Bloud often then to take away too much at one time In the same manner it is safe to purge the Body by moderate reiteration then to give a Scowrer all at once Thus it is better to procure Sweat Urine or Womens Flowers by gentle reiterated Med'cins then by one forcible Medicament And thus the moderate Use of the Venereal Act with due cessation may be wholsom for the preservation whereas the immoderate use of it is the destruction of Health D. What is the fittest time for Evacuation C. As for the Season of the Year the Spring is the fittest for Bloud-letting and Purging according to the Opinion of Hippocrates for then saith Philotheus the Heat is neither too fierce which a Dissolution of the Body nor the Cold too vehement which thickens the Humors Galen also prescribes the Evacuation of superfluous Humors in Autumn by way of Precaution Now for the Excrements which are hurtful in themselves as the Excrement of the Guts Urine Sweat Snot and Spittle they are daily to be evacuated but such as are only hurtful in their Excess as the Seed and Menstruous Bloud they may be retain'd till their Quantity offend Moderate Coition after the first Sleep is most profitable as well for the preservation of Health as for Generation for then the Seed is perfectly concocted and the loss of Spirits is easily made good again by the ensuing Sleep Coition during the coming down of the Monthly Courses is prohibited for fear the Birth prove Leprous nor is it good upon a full or a fasting Stomach The Spring is the most proper season and Youth the most proper Age for it In other Ages of men the Seed is either none at all or else unfit for Generation If the Flowers come not down they are to be provok'd by Art at the same time that usually they came down before But neither Women with Child nor Nurses nor young Girles nor Old Women are permitted to make use of Art in that particular Of the Passions of the Mind D. Of all the things not Natural which belong to the preservation of Health there only remain those which the Latins call Perturbations of the Mind I desire thee to explain what and how many they are and whether they be wholesom or no C. The Passions are Motions of the Mind violent and contrary to right Reason which cause an alteration in the Body because of the extraordinary force of the Native Heat acting together with the Spirit and Bloud both without and within There are four Principal Passions two arising from an Opinion of a good Object as Gladness or Joy and Desire and as many out of an apprehension of a bad Object as Sadness and Fear Anger and Shame are added but the first being a burning Desire of Revenge is referr'd to Desire as the latter may be said to relate to Fear The two first sorts of Passion if they be moderate are wholesom otherwise pernicious For many pusilanimous Persons have expir'd through immoderate Joy as the Writings of several Authors testifie but all the rest are hurtful for many have di'd through vehement and sudden grief at what time a weak little Soul being oppress'd by a strong Affection was presently extinct and suffocated while all the Bloud was violently carry'd away to make an inundation upon its first Original Thus Pliny relates that P. Rutilius hearing the News of his Brothers Repulse upon his putting in for the Consulship presently expir'd Thus upon the 16th of August 1619. Monteler a Noble young Gentleman of Tours and Lieutenant Colonel of the Regiment of Ments through extraordinary Grief fell down suddenly dead as he was talking in the Street His Body being open'd all his Bowels appear'd to
Head the Consequence of which was a Delirium All the Remedies that the most Famous Physicians of Tours could imagine were apply'd but all to no purpose wherefore he was remov'd to Pressignac at a good distance from the King's Court whither I was call'd together with three other of the most eminent to try our Skill but notwithstanding all the most violent Remedies that could be rationally us'd not being able to vanquish the Distemper at length he dy'd Lethargic His Body being open'd under the formost right-side Ventricle a part of it was apparently corrupted in which there appear'd various and sundry forms of an Aposteme the Vesicles of which were about the bigness of a Pine-Nut This Observation I thought fit to give thee an accompt of by the way Now let us return to the General Discourse of Apostemes Of how many sorts are Tumors preternatural C. Fourfold Phlegmone Erysipelas Oedema and Skirrus D. What is Phlegmone C. It is a Tumor preternatural caus'd by the Bloud starting out of the Veins and dilating the Part with Heat Redness Paint Beating and resisting the Touch. D. What is an Erysipelas C. An Inflammation very hot lying in the Skin and sometimes incroaching upon the Flesh underneath proceeding from a Choleric hot Blood which by reason of its thinness causes no great Swelling but disperses it self in length and breadth every way D. What is an Oedema C. A cold loose white Tumor void of pain leaving the print of the finger that touches it proceeding from a Phlegmatic Humor D. What is a Skirrhus C. A hard resisting Tumor void of pain with little or no sence of feeling proceeding from a Melancholy Humor D. What is a Wound C. It is a new separation of the Contiguity in soft parts by some Cut Bite or other external Accident D. What is an Vlcer C. The separation of the Continuity in soft parts made by Corrosion D. What is a Fracture C. It is the Union of the Bone separated occasioned by some external Accident bruising or breaking the same D. What is Luxation C. It is the falling or slipping of a Joynt out of its proper place into another to the impeding the voluntary Motion Of Morbific Causes D. What is here meant by the word Cause C. An Affection against Nature which causes the Disease the knowledge of which is call'd Aetiology D. The Cause of a Disease is generally substantial as some Humor or Wind or something else preternatural as a Stone but Affection is a Quality therefore Affection is not properly the cause of a Disease C. The Word Affection is otherwise us'd by Galen and Aristotle that is for every thing that is able to destroy the natural Temper and Structure of the Body and injure its Actions whether it be Substance or Quality D. Of how many sorts are Morbisic Causes C. Twofold Internal and External D. Which is the Internal Cause C. That which resides within the Body D. Of how many sorts is this C. Twofold the preceding and containing D. Which is the Antecedent Cause C. That which nourishes the Disease D. Of how many kinds C. Two Plethoric and Cacochymic D. What is the Plethora C. A Redundancy of all the Humors equally augmented or else a redundancy of the Blood alone D. How many kinds are there of Plethora C. Two the one in respect of the Strength the other in respect of the Vessels D. What is a Plethora in respect of the Strength C. When the Blood neither in quantity nor quality exceeding due measure yet oppresses the Strength debilitated by some other Cause D. What is a Plethora as to the Vessels C. When the Humor exceeds its due measure which is either light when it only fills the Cavity of the Veins and only exceeds proportion by a little or distensive when it distends and almost rends the Tunicles of the Veins D. How does the Plethora in respect of the Vessels and that other in respect of the Strength differ C. When during the Plethora the Body waxes heavy yet the Strength of all parts remains equal only there is a fulness of the Vessels But if the Body and the Arteries wax heavy and the motion grows slow if a drowsie disturb'd and unquiet Sleep follow and the Patient complain of being oppress'd by some weight or that he carries some burden or dream he cannot be remov'd out of his place then it is an over-fulness oppressing the Strength D. What are the Signs of a Plethory C. The Antecedent are the Causes breeding plenty of Blood such as are the just temper of the Body Age the Spring-Season a temperate Clime good Diet and the accustomed evacuation of Blood suppressed But the consequent Causes are Accidents which demonstrate an over-fulness and predominancy of the Blood as a red colour in the Face swelling of the Veins dilatation of the Vessels a spontaneous stretching Lassitude a bigger Bulk of Body a fleshy habit of Body a merry and jocund disposition stupidity drowsiness a strong Pulse and thick difficulty of breathing and an aptness to bleed c. D. What is Cacochymy C. Cacochymy is the redundancy of yellow or black Choler or Flegm whence it is said to be threefold Choleric Melancholic and Flegmatic D. By what Signs is a Choleric Cacochymy known C. First from the Causes demonstrating exuberancy of Choler as a hot and dry Constitution a constant and florid Age Summer a dry Season a hot and dry Clime a hot and dry Diet and then by the signs of yellow Choler abounding in the Body as a pale Face yellow or blackish a dry Habit of Body lean slender hairy acute Senses swift and expedite a sharp and diligent Wit little Sleep and unquiet much Waking Dreams of War a swift and frequent Pulse want of Stomach an unquenchable Thirst his Vomits and Stools full of Choler Urine yellow or somewhat inclining to Flame colour with little sediment c. D. By what signs is a Melancholy Cacochymy understood C. First from the Causes shewing the Exuberancy of Melancholy a natural Temper cold and dry weakness of the Spleen inclining Age Autumn-Season strong Diet a melancholy way of living Then from the several signs of prevailing Melancholy a Leaden colour in the Countenance a dry habit of Body and lean a fix'd Aspect grim and sowr full of fear and sadness turbulent Sleep little and slow Pulse c. D. By what Signs is a Flegmatic Cacochymy distinguish'd C. First from the Causes that increase Flegm a Temper cold and moist old Age Winter-Season a moist constitution of the Air unseasonable Eating a sedentary Life and long Sleep Then from the Signs demonstrating redundancy of Flegm a white livid complexion swell'd cheeks a large sat body small veins white hair slow in his Actions thick skull'd a profound sleeper dreaming much of Water and drowning a slow soft Pulse c. D. What is the containing Cause C. That which most nearly breeds the Disease by some call'd the conjoyn'd cause D. Well then I will
living Creatures are subjected to the Empire of the Soul and brought under its government and power Moreover by means of them the corporeal substance coheres with the incorporeal whereby it comes to pass that they are as it were the Bands that tie both Soul and Body together D. What is a Spirit C. A Spirit is an Airy thin transparent Substance the seat of natural Heat the Vehicle of the Faculties and the first Instrument that sets the Functions at work D. How many sorts of Spirits are there C. Two the one innate and the other infus'd D. What is the innate C. That which was ingrafted into the several Similar Parts by the first Beginnings of Generation the foundation of which is the Radical Moisture D. Which is the infus'd C. That which flows in from elsewhere and cherishes and preserves the innate every where conveighing Faculty and Heat to enable the Functions in their several Duties D. Of how many sorts is it C. Threefold Animal Vital and Natural D. What is the Animal Spirit C. A Spirit begat in the Ventricles of the Brain of Vital Spirit and inspir'd Air whence being distributed through the moving and sensitive Nerves it renders all the Parts of the Body capable of Sence and Motion D. What is the Vital Spirit C. That which is bred in the left part of the Heart of the natural Spirit and the Air suckt in by the Lungs whence it is convey'd through the Arteries to every part to cherish the inbred Spirit corroborate the natural Heat and restore strength D. What is the Natural Heat C. That which proceeding from the Liver is diffus'd together with the Bloud through all the Veins the Cause of Generation Nourishment and Growth Of the Faculties D. Thus far we have discours'd of the Parts both Solid and Fluid of Human Bodies let us say something concerning the Faculties and Functions of the Soul Give me then the Definition of a Soul C. A Soul is the form of a Living Body By Aristotle it is defin'd the Entelechy of a Natural Organic Body potentially having Life D. What is meant by Entelechia C. Some interpret the Word to be the gaining of Perfection others the Act of Perfection but the latter Interpretation does not please me for the Soul is not an Act but the Efficient Cause of the Act. And thus Life is the Act of the Soul not the Soul it self D. Seeing then we are come to the consideration of Man I would have thee explain what the Soul of Man is C. It is that which gives him Vegetal Sensual and Intellectual Life By Aristotle it is defin'd to be the Beginning of Living Perceiving and Understanding By others the first Cause of all the Functions of our Body for the performance of which it is endued with a manifold Ability or Faculty D. What is Faculty C. It is the inbred power of the Soul of which she makes use for the producing of Actions By Galen it is defin'd The Efficient Cause of Actions and is therefore a Faculty because whatever it does it is able to do so that under the Word Faculty is comprehended that which has a Power to act D. Why does Galen refer the Cause of Action to Temperament C. Because Temperament is the Cause why the Soul performs her Actions without which she could not Therefore sayes Galen in his Book of Conjecturing by the Pulses The Soul is seated in the commodious Temperament of the several Parts for that then every Part performs with vigor its proper Office when in best Temper On the other side it acts amiss and feebly when it is out of Temper D. Then the Soul it seems flows from Temperament unless you take the Soul to be Temperament it self C. I do not believe the Soul to be Temperament because the Soul is a Substance but Temperament is only an Accident But I believe that Faculty flows from both from the Soul as from the Essential Form which is the first and chief Cause of all those Actions which we daily perform from Temperament as from the accidental form which is the assisting Cause without whose aid Souls cannot produce Actions D. How many sorts of Faculties are there C. The Essence of the Soul is purely uncompounded because there is but one form of one Body but Faculty by the Physicians is said to be threefold Animal Vital and Natural D. Nature the Architectress of the Body when she first begins to raise the Frame bequeaths several Faculties to the single Parts for the preservation of the whole therefore there are as many Faculties of the Soul as Parts of the Body C. The Parts of the Body are endued every one with their proper Faculties on purpose to serve the whole with so many Actions which it cannot want so that the number of Faculties and Organic Parts must be equal But as the Parts so the Faculties are contain'd under three Principal Kinds Animal Vital and Natural D. What is the Animal Faculty C. It is that which is only enjoy'd by Animals from whence it derives its Name D. Of how many sorts is the Animal Faculty C. The Animal Faculty is threefold Principal perceiving and moving D. Which is the Principal Faculty C. That which resides only in the Brain and in no other of the Organs D. Of how many sorts is it C. By Galen it it is said to be threefold Imagination Ratiocination and Memory But the first and last are referred only to the interior Sense by those to whom the Understanding only proper to Man seems worthy the name of Principal D. What is Imagination C. It is that which receives and apprehends the Images and Idea's of things objected to it and accepted by the Senses out of which being for the most part mixt and confus'd it produces and forms many things which before fell not under the power of the senses D. What is Ratiocination C. The Mind is that with which Man endu'd excels all other Creatures by whose assistance it understands and knows things incorporeal and forms abstracted from all Matter drawing universal Notions of things sometimes out of one sometimes out of another D. What is Memory C. It is that which stores and lays up within it self the forms and Images of Things represented by the Phansie and recall'd to the judgment of Reason D. Where are the Principal Faculties of the Soul lodg'd C. The Arabians lodge the Imagination in the foremost Ventricles of the Brain Reason in the middle and Memory in the hindermost but the Grecks deny them to be confin'd to places affirming them to be diffus'd through all the corners and over all the substance of the Brain D. What think you of this Controversie C. I do not like the Opinion of the Arabians though grounded upon probable Arguments Avicen and Averroes endeavour to demonstrate that the Faculties have their distinct Seats from hence because that one of them sometimes is deprav'd without any hurt to the other concluding thence the improbability