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A26553 Academia scientiarum, or, The academy of sciences being a short and easie introduction to the knowledge of the liberal arts and sciences, with the names of those famous authors that have written on every particular science : in English and Latine / by D. Abercromby ... Abercromby, David, d. 1701 or 2. 1687 (1687) Wing A77; ESTC R6380 46,476 244

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cogitatione suspensum corpus quemcumque situm dederis retinet Centrum gravitatis centrum magnitudinis non sunt semper idem ut patet in Sphaera plumbo lignea Pendula gravitatis diameter aut ansa est linea recta ducta per centrum gravitatis acta Horizonti perpendicularis Nullum pondus quiescere potest nisi pendula gravitatis diameter aut ansa transeat per locum cui innititur aut e quo suspenditur corpus In omni Plano figurae centrum centrum quoque gravitatis est Haec ars docet in genere modum reperiendae ponderationis rerumque exiguis viribus movendarum methodum Non est praetermittendum hoc loco aliud genus mechanismi cujus notitia non parum humano generi profuerit de mechanismo loquor fasciarum instrumentorumque aut machinarum quibus paulatim quaevis corporis pars ad debitum a natura situm reducatur Rupto Peritonaeo interdum intestina omentum interdum saepe intestina omentum loco naturali excidunt in inguina aut Scrotum ibique Hernia producitur dicta Enterocele aut Intestinalis si prolabantur Intestina vel Epiplocele aut Hernia Omentalis si Omentum excidat Peritonaeum gemina valida quidem sed molli constat membrana quae ita concludit quicquid imo ventre comprehenditur ut cum sanum corpus est nihil procidere possit Peritonaeum in mulieribus Osse pubis terminatur In viris Tunica exterior ulterius procedit ac Testiculorum involucrum primum proprium constituit In Inguine vasa seminalia comprehendit instar vaginae Processus dictae Processus hic laxatus Dilatatus aut Ruptus est immediata herniarum mox commemoratarum causa Non est tamen existimandum Peritonaeum non posse distendi rumpique etiam aliis in locis ibique Herniam producere Causae Peritonaei Rupti aut Dilatati hae fere sunt lapsus saltatio percussio gravium onerum gestatio vomitus violentior aut tussis constipatio ventris flatus reclusi vehementiorque omnis corporis motus Sed nihil forte utilius rei Publicae praestitero quam si hic nominatim indica vero duos peritissimos quos quidem norim hujusmodi mechanismi artifices simul conviventes Londini in ea regione urbis quae Black Fryers dicitur sunt autem ii celebris Robertus Smith Scotus ejusque gener Thomas Jewel qui quotidiana magnoque successu suae hoc in genere mechanismi peritiae experimenta exhibent Ipsorum enim fasciae cujuscumque generis sive contra hernias Intestinales sive Omentales sive Umbilicales sive Ventosas aut contra aquosas adeo leves sunt gestatuque faciles omnique corporis motui ita obsecundant ut nihil omnino molestiae gestantibus secum afferant Reipsa quoque praenominati tollunt quamcumque humanorum corporum deformitatem a praeternaturali partis cujuspiam extrorsum introrsum aut deorsum distentione ortam instrumentisque ac machinis ingenii ejusmodi quibus natura suaviter ad pristinum situm reducatur Authores Aristoteles Henricus Monentholus Josephus Blancanus Guidus Ubaldus ' Stevinus Hero Robertus Vulturius Cedrenus Joannes Baptista Porta Josephus Boillotus Augustus Ranelli Paulus Barbettus Johannes Brownius c. Sect. XXI Medica Or the Art of Conserving and Curing Humane Bodies HErmes Trismegistus a Fam'd Physician in Egypt invented this necessary Art 'T is either Empirical that is grounded upon meer Experience or Dogmatical that is grounded both upon Reason and Experience Hippocrates and Galenus were the chief Masters of the Dogmatical part This Art is either Speculative or Practical the former considereth 1. The nature and the outward causes of Distempers as the six things that are called not natural because they are not the constituent parts of our Bodies such we reckon the Air Meat Drink Sleep Watching Motion and Rest what we throw off and what we retain Excreta Retenta our Passions Plethora or fulness Cacochymy or an ill habit of our bloud 2. It searcheth into the internal causes of our Distempers as Wind Worms Acids The practical part of this noble and useful Art relates to the method of Curing which is either performed by Alteration or Evacuation Whether this Evacuation be wrought by Bleeding Vomiting Stool Urine Sweat or insenble Transpiration and upon this account its true object is the whole Materia Medica or whatever may be subservient to the Physician 's intention in either of the three Kingdoms I mean Animal Vegitative and Mineral The whole Materia Medica may be reduc'd to the ensuing Heads 1. the Attenuating Remedies as Elicampe Roots Wormwood Leaves Camomile Flowers the hot Seeds Juniper and Lawrel Berries old Tallow and Grease especially that of a Wolf and of a Bear most Oyls as of bitter Almonds Walnuts c. the Plaisters of Betony Diachylon Oxycroceum c. 2. The Softening as Marsh mallow Roots Briony Roots c. 3. Such as dissolve Clots as the Roots of round Birthwort 4. The Deterging as the Roots of Gentian and Birthwort 5 The Epicerasticks that by a moderate moisture take off the sharpness of the humour as Mallow and Marsh-mallow Roots 6. Alexipharmaca that resist Venome as Angelica Root 7. The Thickening as the Roots of Bugloss and Plantain 8. The Cathartick which either purge the Bile as Cassia Manna Tamarinds c. or the Phlegm as Carthamy wild Saffron Agarick Turbith Jalep or the Melancholy as Sena Oake-Fern or the Watery Humours as Dwarf Elder Elder-seed Bark Juice Mechoaca 9. The Vomitory whether milder ones as Sarabacca Leaves bruised in Dill Water or stronger ones as the Spirit of Tobacco the Infusion of Tobacco Crocus Metallorum c. 10. Diureticks as Radish Roots Parseley Roots c. 11. The Sudorificks as Harts horn Diascordium Angelica Roots c. 12. The Repelling Remedies as the Sloe-tree Roots Tormentil Roots c. 13. The Emplasticks that stop the passages of the Body as Lilly Roots wild Comphry Roots c. 14. The Absorbing Remedies which by a great faculty of drying consume the moisture as all Cenders Vineger Brine c. 15. The Blistering which raise Blisters as the Cantharides Mustard Garlick Water-cresses 16. The Suppurating that generate matter as Marsh-mallow Roots white Lilly Roots 17. The Vulnerary as Tormentil Roots the Roots of both Comphreys 18. The Sarcoticks that remove whatever may hinder the breeding of Flesh as the Roots of Birthwort Tragacanth Dragons Bloud Sarcocolla c. 19. The Epuloticks that generate a Callus or Scarr as Dragons Bloud Myrtle Leaves 20. The Anodines as Marsh-mallows and Lilly Roots 21. The Narcoticks which take away all feeling as Oyl of Palm Laurel Turpentine Opium c. 22. The Hypnoticks that cause Sleep as Requies Nicolai Diascordium Laudanum opiatum c. 23. Such as stop Bleeding as Corals the Bolus Seal'd Earth 24. The Cephalicks as the Roots of Birthwort Betony Leaves Galanga 25. The Errhina that purge the Brains and the Breast by bringing down the superfluous pituite lying about the Meninges
proves the Elastick Power and Spring of the Air and several other wonderful Phaenomena's relating to the nature spring expansion pressure weight of the Air c. He contrived the Experiment concerning the different parts and redintegration of Salt-Peter whence he concludes that motion figure and disposition of Parts may suffice to produce all secondary affections of Bodies and so banisheth the substantial forms and qualities of the Schools But because I design a larger account in another Treatise of this Noble Author's new Inventions I shall only tell you here that his Physiological and Experimental Essays his Sceptical Chymist his Usefulness of Experimental Philosophy his History of Cold his Experimental History of Colours his Hydrostatical Paradoxes his Origine of Forms and Qualities his Free Enquiry into the Receiv'd Notion of Nature his Reconciliableness of Specifick Remedies to the New Philosophy his History of Humane Bloud his Discourse of Final Causes not yet published as likewise all his other Treatises contain as many new Notions and Exepriments almost as lines I shall not forget in this place what that very Learned and Ingenious Gentleman Sir Robert Gordon of Gordistoun has lately invented I mean his famous Water-Pump a piece of Mechanism far beyond the Contrivances of all foregoing Ages in this kind as I shall easily make out by the following account of this useful Engine This new Pump draweth twice as much water as any other it is wrought with half the force and costs half the price and takes up but half the room The Experiment performed at Deptford the Twenty Second of March in presence of my Lord Dartmouth and the Commissioners of the Navy appointed to give account of it to the King was as follows In a Sixth-Rate Frigat this new Pump did fill the Gaged Cistern of two Tuns in one minute and forty five seconds and the Shippump did the same in six minutes and some more each Pump being wrought by four men In a Fourth-Rate Frigat this Pump being wrought by twelve men did fill the Cistern in thirty one seconds and the Ship-Pump being wrought by six men fill'd it in four minutes and some more The chief Authors of new Discoveries in Anatomy we reckon to be these following Fabricius ab aqua pendente discover'd the Valve of the Veins as the Valve at the entrance of the great Gut Colon was found out by Bauhinus the Milky Veins of the Mesentery by Asellius the Receptacle of the Chyle hy Pequet the Ductus Virsungianus by George Virsung of Padua the Lymphatick Vessels by Dr. Joliffe Bartholin and Olaus Rudbeck the internal Ductus salivaris in the Maxillary Glandule by Dr. Wharton and Dr. Glisson the Glandules under the Tongue Nose and Palate the Vessels in the nameless Glandules of the Eye the Tear Glandule by Nicolas Steno a new Artery called Arteria Bronchialis by Frederick Rusch the Circulation of the Bloud by Dr. Harvey though some upon no very good grounds ascribe it to Paulus Venetus and others to Prosper Alpinus and Andreas Caesalpinus The Act of making Salt water Fresh was lately invented in England whereof the deservedly famous R. Boyle gave a very rational account in a Letter written upon this Subject Arithmetick was either invented or much promoted by Pythagoras by Euclid not the Euclid that was Contemporary to Plato and Hearer of Socrates but the Famed Mathematician of that Name who was after Aristotle and at Ninety years distance from the former by Diaphantus Psellus Apuleius Cardan Gemma Frisius Clavius c. Neper invented the Logarithms by the help whereof we perform all the operations of Arithmetick by Addition and Substraction He invented likewise an easie certain and compendious way of accounting by Sticks called Rabdology as also Computation by Neper's Bones The Telescope was invented by James Metius of Amsterdam though commonly ascribed to Galile who indeed improved it Torricellius found the Barometer whereby we weigh the Air itself Printing according to Polidore Vergile was found by John Cuttemberg of Ments in Germany though Others give the Honour to one Fust of the same City and Some to Lawrence a Burgher of Harlem The Chineses knew this Art before the Europeans Flavius Goia of Amalphis in the Kingdom of Naples is thought to be the Inventor of the Mariners-Compass three hundred years since FINIS APPENDIX Quosdam e praecipuis hujus superiorumque saeculorum Authoribus indicans Hic nomine Authorum intelliguntur ii qui reipsa ejusmodi sunt hoc est primi utilis cujuscumque Scientiae seu cognitionis Inventores AEQui bonique consulet Lector brevem hanc imperfectamque descriptionem eorum quae sive hoc sive praeterita saecula invenerunt cum enim per otium licebit statui ampliorem hoc super argumento conscribere tractatum ipsumque denotare tempus quo quidlibet e prelo in lucem prodiit eo consilio ut Transcriptores tum domestici tum extranei qui toties ties illustrissimo Boylio Hookio Cartesio aliisque maximam aut praecipuam saltem lucubrationum suarum partem surripuere meritas ipso detecti furti pudore luant paenas Quo fiet ut ingeniosi quique quaecumque de novo excogitant facilius in lucem emissuri sint si tutos se ab Authoribus aliena usurpantibus noverint Initium ducam a Roberto Boylio jure merito jam ubique celeberrimo quamvis quae hic nobilem hunc Authorem spectant verbo absolvere queam si dixero ut vere possum quicquid ab ipso in lucem editum est esse omnino novum sive argumentum ipsum spectes sive rationes ab ipso propositas sive denique peculiarem ipsius methodum Sed quia his in genere dictis Lectoris curiositati factum satis non fuerit propius quaedam attingam paucissima tantum commemoraturus ut qui per otium accuratiorem scribere decreverim Historiam tum eorum quae magnus hic Author primus adinvenit puta Notionem Machinarum Experiment orum c. Tum eorum quae indigenae hujus insulae ad utilium Scientiarum propagationem excogitarunt Celeberrima Antlia Aeria ab illustrissimo Roberto Boylio excogitata fuit Plenam ejusdem descriptionem tradit ibi ubi de Experimentis Physico-Mechanicis illius ope elasticam aeris virtutem atque elaterem probat variaque alia quae merito miremur Phaenomena ad naturam elaterem expansionem pressionem gravitatemque aeris spectantia Primus ille Author experimenti est de diversis partibus redintegratione Salispetrae unde concludit motu figura partiumque dispositione secundarias omnium corporum affectiones produci posse proscribitque proinde substantiales Scholarum formas qualitates Sed quia fusius alibi scribere statui de iis quae nobilis hic Author primus invenit hic tantum suggeram Physiologicis ipsius tent aminibus atque Experimentalibus Chymico Sceptico Utilitate Experimentalis Philosophiae Historia Frigoris Experimentali Historia Colorum Hydrostaticis Paradoxis Origine Formarum