vpon Fuscus in his Epigrames of all men they haue most leadeÌ„ conceits and drossy wits caused especially by their excessiue intemperance which thickneth their blood corrupteth their spirites and other organons wherein the soule shoulde cheefely shew her operation Giue mee leaue to speake a little of the ayre how it receaued into the body doth either greately aduantage or little availe the mind It is certaine that the excellency of the soule followes the purity of the heauens the temperature of the ayre therefore because Boeotâ—a had aâ—ery * rennish soyle a grosse and vnrefined ayre the ancient writers to decypher and shaddow out a dull witt in any one were wont to say Boeoticum hic habit ingeâ—ium this man is as wise as a woodcock his wits in a consumption his conceit is as lancke as a shotten Herrin I doe not coÌ„cord with the Poet in that triuial verse but I doe carry the comma a little further and say Câ—lum non 〈◊〉 mutant qui 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 At least if I must needes take coelum for aire I will say The aire to vary is not onely found But wit 's a forreiner in fâ—rreine ground The ayre hath his etymologie from the greeke worde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to breath it consistes of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because the learned say that it is the beeginning and ending of mans life for when wee begin to liue wee are sayd to inspire when we die to expire as the priuation of the aire deprives vs of our being and the aire being purged and clensed from his pestilent qualities causeth our well-beeing so the infection of the aire as in the extinguishing of some blazing comet the eructation of noysome vapours from the bosome of the earth the disastrous constellation or bad aspect of some maleuolent planet the vamping fumes that the Sun eleuates from boggs and fennish grounds the inflammation of the ayre by the intense heate of the sunne as when in Homers Iliad Phaebus is fained to send forth his direfull arrowes among the Grecians and â—o bring in the pestilence vppon them this infection causeth our bodyes first to bee badly qualified and tainted with a spice of corruption and so by consequent our very soules to be ill affected AEneas Syluius in his Cosmography writing of the lesser Asia records a strange thing concerning the ayre beeing putrified hee sayes that hard by the cittie Hierapolis there is a place tearmed Os PLVTONIVM in the vally of a certaine mountaine where Strabo witnesseth that he sent sparrowes in which forth with as soone as they drew in the venemous noysome ayre they fel downe dead no doubt but the corrupted ayre would haue had his operation vppon other more excellent creatures theÌ„ were those little birds if they durst haue attempted the entrance in But to a question what reason can be alleag'd that those who won vnder the pole neare the frozen zone and in the septentrionall climate should haue such gyantly bodies and yet dwarfish wits as many authors doe report os them and wee fee by experience in trauaile the rudenes and simplicitie of the people that are seated far north which no doubt is intimated by a vulgar speach when wee say such a man hath a borrell wit as if wee said boreale ingenium Whereof that old-english prophet of famous memory whome one fondly â—earm'd Albionâ— ballade maker the cunnicatcher of time and the second dish for fooles to feede their splenes vpon G. Chaucer tooke notice when in his prolog to the Frankleines taile he saies But Sirâ— because I am a â—orrell man At my beginning first I yow beseach Haue me excusd of my rude speach The Philosophers to this question haue excogitated this reason to wit the exceeding chilnes of the aire which doth possesse the animall spirits the chiefe attendants of the soule to exequute the function of the agent vnderstanding with contrary qualities the first being cold and drie the last hote and moiste though this reason most auaile for our purpose speaking how the minde can bee affected with the ayre yet I must needs say I thinke they are beside the cushian others affirme and with more reason that they are dul-witted especially by the vehement heat which is included in their bodies which doth inflame their spirits thickâ—n their blood and therby is a cause of a new grosse more then ayry substance conioynd with the spirits for extreame heat doth generate a grosse adust choler which comes to be mixed with the blood in the veines and that brings a condensation and a coagulation to the blood for their extraordinary heat it is apparant by their speedy concoction and by the externall frigidity of the ayre that dams vp the pores of their bodies so greatly that hardly any heat can euaporate this also by deep wels which in winter time be lukâ— warme and in summer season exceeding cold now to proue that where the blood is thickned and the spirits inflamed there vsually is a want of wit the great peripateâ— him selfe affirmeth it to bee a truth where he saith that buls such creatures as haue this humor thick are commonly deuoid of wit yet haue great strength and such liuing thinges as haue an attenuated blood and very fluid doe excell in wit and pollicy as instance is giuen in Aristotle of bees We must note here that this is spoke of the remoter parts neare vnto the pole lest we derogate any thing from the praise of this our happy Ileland another blisfull Eden for pleasure all which by a true diuision of the climes is situated in the septentrional part of the world wherein there are and euer haue beene as praegnant wits as surpassing politicians as iudicious vnderstandings as any clime euer yet afforded vnder the cope of heauen But I doe here passe the limits of laconisme where as I should in wisdome imitate the Aegyptian dogs in this whole tractate who doe drinke at the riuer Nilus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in haste and by stealth lest the Crocodile should pray on them and who doth fitly cary the name and conditions of the Crocodile no writer is ignorant of I will therefore end with the iteration of the Thesis that the soule followes the temper of the body and that whiles it is inherent in the body it can nâ—uer partake so pure a light of vnderstaÌ„ding as when it is segregated and made a free denizen in the heauenly citty and free holde of the saintes Corporis in gremiâ— dâ—m spiritus c. when our imprisoned soule once more being free Gins scale the turret of eternitie From whence it once was raught captiue 〈◊〉 By this vsurping tyrant corps heâ— bane Which subiugates her vnto sâ—ttish will And schooles her vnder passions want of skill Then shall our soulâ— now chock't with fenny care With Angelâ— frollicke in apâ—rer aire This low NADIR of darknes must it sheâ—de Till is aloft toth'radiant ZENITH wende Cap. 3.
the hollow inferiour part of the liuer which place is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Galen whose forme is long and somewhat round ending with a coâ—us hard by the stem of the venaca ua which strikes through the liuer from whence all the veines are deriued through the whole body it takes two slender veins from that stem which makes this probable that the choler may infect the blood and cause the morbus ictericus or iaundise to disperse it selfe ouer all the parts of the body there is a double procession or way of choler into the duodenum intrals downward or into the ventricle vpward the euacuation is easy in the former but difficult in the latter If the lower passage be damind vp with the thick sedimentes of grosse choler as oftentimes it commeth to passe then it as cendes into the ventricle there procures excretion hinders the concoctioÌ„ euer corrupts some part of the nutriment without a long fast and takes away the stomacke yet others thinke that choler is generated in the ventricle also that it is also a vessell apt to receiue it This humour infectes the veines stirs vp sudden anger generates a consumption with his heat shortens the life by drying vp the radical moisture Aristotle after him Plinie with many mo do af firm that those meÌ„ which want the vesicle of choler are both strong and couragious and liue long Yet Vesalius sayth although he imagins that there may be some conueiance of choler from the liuer into the duodenum so that it do not before gather into a vesicle he could finde by experience none such hitherto Many things there be which cause this maladious humour to accrue to such a measure that it will bee 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 an incurable thing among which we wil note some All faâ— of meates sayth Galen such as are burnt are both hard to concoct hauing no sweet in yâ—e do greatly increase the cholericke humour for the acrimony which is in them All kinde of Olerae or salt meats are not onely ill for this complection but almost for all as all the phisaâ—ions do affirme and Athenaeus to this purpose saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. al kind of potherbs brinish-natur'd meats are obnoxious to the stomack being of a gnawing nipping purching quality Again dulce viniâ— non est 〈◊〉 picrocholis sweet wine is not wholsom â—or cholericke complections as Hippocratesâ—itnesses â—itnesses They are called picrocholi who â—aue a redundance of yellow bitter choler Antinous no doubt did partly for this disâ—wade Vlisses from drinking sweet wine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—t howsoeuer this sweet wine doth not only 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the same Hâ—mer speaks Iliad â— as also Athenâ—s notes lib. 1. Deipno but also is a great generator of choler yea all sweet meates are nurses of this humor honny especially is cholerick for sweete wines this is Galens reason first in that much calidity doth make bitter these sweet humors againe because such wines be vsually thicke neither can they speedily passe by the Ouretêres into the bladder whereby it coms to passe that they do not clense choler in their passage but rather increase the power of it such wines be Theraeum Scybelites much sweet thick and black as Galen calls them Againe too violent and much motion is not good for this complection as Galen also saith much eating is also dangerfull for this humour Then all thinges that do drie vp the moisture in the body as watching and care c. vigilantia maximé exiccat corpus saith Galen So doth care euen consume and burne the body cura therefore it is called quasi cor vs rens To these I may associate ioyn our adulteâ— rate Nicâ—tian or Tobacco so called of the Kâ— sir Nicot that first broght it ouer which is the spirits Incubus that begets many vgly and deformed phantasies in the braine which being also hot and drie in the second extenuates and makes meager the body extraordinarily whereof it may bee expected that I at this instaÌ„t so wel occasioned shold write something and sure not impertinent to the subiect we haue now in hand This then in briefe I will relate concerning it Of it owne nature not sophisticate it cannot bee but a soueraigne leafe as Monardis sayth especially for externall maladious vlcers and so in his simple it is for cacochymicall bodies and for the consumption of the lungs and Tâ—ssick if it be mixed with Coltes foot dryed as it hath beene often experienced But as it is intoxicated and tainted with bad admixture I must answer as our learned Paracelsian did of whom my selfe did demaund whether a man might take it without impeachmeÌ„t to his health who re plied as it is vsed it must needs be very pernicious in regard of the immoderate too ordinary whiffe especially in respect of the taint it receiues by composition for sayth he I grant it will euacuate the stomack and purge the head for the present of many feculent and noisome humors but after by his attractiue virtue it proueth Caecias humorum leauing two ponds of water as hee tearmed them behinde it which are conuer ted into choler one in the ventricle another in the braine which accords with that of Gerard their herbalist in his 2. book of plants cap. 63 of Tobacco or HeÌ„bane of Peru Trinidada for he affirmeth that it doth indeed euacuate ease one day but the next it doth generate a greater flow of humors euen as a well saith hee yeeldes not such store of water as when it is most drawne and emptyed Againe it is very obnoxious of al to a spare and extenuated body by reason of setting open the pores into which cold doth enter and we know as Tully saies lib. xvi epist. 403. citing the Poet cuius singuli versus sunt illi singula testimonia euery of whose particular verses is to him axiomatical as he saies 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is colde is a bane and deadly enemy to a thin and spare body And since that phisicke is not to be vsed as a continual alimeÌ„t but as an adiument of drooping nature at an extremity and beside that seeing euery nasty and base Tygellus vses the pipe as infants their red coralls euer in their mouths and many besides of more note and esteeme take it more for wantonnes then want as Gerard speakes I could with that our generous spirits would pretermit the too vsuall not omit the phisic all drinking of it I wold entreat more copiously of it but that many others chiefly Gerard and Monardis in his booke intituled the ioyfull newes out of the new found worlde or west Indies which Frampton translated haue eased mee of that labor so that I may abridge my speech Choler is twofold either naturall or not naturall the naturall choler is twofolde either that which is apt for
Iamin the right hand of the minde because it makes any conceit dexterical one of the two things for which a pregnant Poet as imagine of Homer Naso or any other especially is to be admired as Aristo saith who brings in Aeschilus asking of Eurâ—pides why a Poet ought to be had in so high esteeme who answered 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is for his dexterity of wit and his taxing and displing the worlde with his al-daring Satyricall pen it makes him right eloquent and speake with aliuely grace O quantum debes dulci facundia Baccho Ipse vel epoto Nectare Nestor ero How much doth wit to Dithyrambus owe Since after wine the ebbingst wit doth flow It makes a Poet haue a high straine of inuention in his works faâ— beyond the vulgar vaine of Aquapotores-waterdrinkers This inuested Hoâ—er with a laudibus arguitur c. The Muses are commended for a vina oluerunt c. Cato had his Sâ—pe mero incaluit virtus This made the Castalianist or Poet of yore to bee esteemed and tearmed the A perse A of all Artistes the Summa totalis of witte the second dish the marmalade and sucket of the Muses the Gods Nepenthâ— of a soule halfe-deade with melancholie the seauen mouth'd Nilus or seauen-flowing Euripus offacultie the loade-stone of liuely con ceite the paragon darling and one eye of Minerua as Lipsius tearmes him yet moderation is presupposed for there is no thing whose eminence may not haue an inconuenience as the Linx hath a quicke eye but a dull memory so the Polypus is suauis ad gustum but difficilis adsomnum much more in thinges is there inconuenience whose eminence is made inconuenience so much wine rauisheth the taste but bewitches and stupefies all th' other senses and the soule it selfe Take it sparingly and it rapts one vp into an Elysium of diviner contemplation not inthralling the minde as excesse is wont but endenizing it into a happy freedome and ample liberty An Apostroph to the Poet translated Then quench thy thirst in Heliconian spring Vnloose the fetters of thy prisoned braine To let inuention caper once aloft In a leuoltoes imitation With Ariostâ—es nimble geniâ— Beyond a vulgar expectation Then mount to th' highest region of conceite And there appeare to th'gazing multitude A fierie meteor or a blazing starre Which hap may cause a penury of wit To those that happily do gaze on it Nothing elaborates our concoction more then sleepe exercise and wine say the Philosophers but the wine must be generosum not vappa it must not haue lost his head Three thinges note the goodnes of Wine Color Odor Sapor Si haectria habe at tum Cos dicitur ex prioribus literis harum praecedentium vocum then is it pure and the whetstone of a mans wit when it hath a fresh colour a sweet fuming odour and a good relishing taste That there is a great helpe in it against melancholy it may appeare by Zeno the crabbetree-fac'd Stoicke who was 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 moued with no affectioÌ„ almost but as soon as hee had tasted a cuppe of Canarye hee became of a powting Stoicke a mery Greeke merum moerorem adimit Bacchus is a wise Collegian who admits meriment and expels dreriment sorrow carries too pale a visage to consort with his claret deity but howsoeuer I haue spoken largely of the praise of it and somewhat more merily then perhaps grauity requireth I wish all as in all drinkes so in wine especially to obserue a diet for the age the complexion time of the yeare quantitie and euery circumstance There is also a dyet in sleepe wee must not reake our selus vpoÌ„ our beds of down and snortso long Indomitum quod despumare falernum Sufficit quinta à um linâ—a 〈◊〉 vmbra as would suffice vs to sleepe out our surfet till hie nowne Wee must not imitate Cornelius Agrippaes dormouse of whome hee reports that she should not beawoke till being boylde in a leade the heat caused her to wake out of her sleepe hauing slept a whole winter We must not sleepe with Salomons foole who will neuer haue enough till hee come to his long sleepe rather must we take the Delphin to be our patterne who dooth in sleeping alwayes moue from the vpper brim of the waters to the bottome like the Lion which alway moues his taile in sleeping Aristotle as Marsus affirms as others both AlexaÌ„der the great also Iulian the Apostata were wont to sleepe with a brazen ball in their fistes their armes â—tretcht out of bedde vnder which there was plac'd a brazen vessell to the end that wheÌ„ through drowsines they gan to fall a sleepe the ball of brasle falling out of their handes on the same mettall the noyse might keepe them froÌ„ sleepe immoderately taken which men of renown and fame doe so greately detest as being an vtter enemy to all good exploites and to the soule it selfe The Poet Iul. Scalliger thus speakes of sleepe in the dispraise of it Promptas hebetat somniculosa vita mentes Vivum sepelit namque hominem haec mortis imago Sleepe duls the sharpest conceite this image of death buries a man quicke How we ought to demeane our selues for sleep what beds are most fitte to repose our lims vpon what quantitie of repast wee must receiue as also the inconuenience that redoundes vnto our bodies by immoderate sleepe excellent is that Chapter of Clemens in the 2. of his Pedagog First hee aduiseth vs to shunne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 beds softer then sleepe it selfe affirming that it is daungerous and hurtfull to lie on beds of downe our bodies for the softnes thereof 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as falling and sinking downe into them as into a vaste gaping and hollow pit these beds are so farre from helping concoction that they enflame the natiue heate and putrifie the nourishment Againe for sleep it must not be a resolution of the body but a remission and as he saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wee must so sleep that wee may easily be awaked which may easily be effected if we doe not ouerballise our stomachs with superfluity and too delitious viands The maner also of sleepe must be duly regarded to sleepe rather open mouth'd theÌ„ shut which is a great help against inter nall obstructions which more ensweeteneth the breath recreateth the spirits com forteth the braine and more cooleth the vehement heat of the heart Sleeping on our backe is very dangerous and vnholsome as all Physicions affirme because it begetteth a superaboundance of bad humors generates the stone is the cause of a Lethargy in the backe part of the heade procureth the running of the reines especially if a man lye hot as vpon feathers which greatly impaires mans strength affect him with a vitious kinde of soaking heate it is also the meanes to bring the Ephialtes which the
because the spirits both in regard of their copiousnesse and subtilty doe make a sweete harmony of the soule body and are the notes of a rare wit and a good crasis we mean now to treat of theÌ„ succinctly Cap. 8. Of the Spirits THe poets Arachne doth neuer weaue her entangling webbe neare the Cypresse tree the Em bleame is well knowne of the Scarabee that liues in noisome excrements but dies in the middle of Venus rose so the Owle shuns the splendent rayes of Phoebuâ— delighting more in the darke some night the worst we see do euer affect the worst our groueling base affections our dull conceits blind-folded ignorance our aguish iudgements timorous cowardize slownesse and dulnes in contemplation our inhability of inuention and whatsoeuer grand capitall fomen to reason there bee doo neuer take vp their lodgings in any beautious Inne I mean in a body happely attempered where the spirits are subtile and of a pure constitution but haue their mansion in a smoky tenament or some baser cottage that is in a polluted sickely and corrupted body which is both plethoricuÌ„ pneumapht hiricum caâ—ochymicum wher there is a fulnesse repletion of infected and malignant humours where the subtile spirits be not only tainted but euen corrupted with puddle humours with grosser fuming vapours whose pitchy company the cleare chrystalline and rarified spirits can in no wise brooke as being disturbers of their noblest actions These spirits the more attenuated and purified they be the more that coelestiall particle of heauens flame our reason that immoueable pole-star by the which wee ought to direct the wandring course of all our affections yea far more it doth beare dominion and shewe forth her noble and surmounting excellency in this masse of ours The more aboundant they are all our internall gifts are more inhaunced florish the more where the spirits are appareled with their owne nature and not attired or rather tired by any extraordinary ill means which will neuer be accordant to their seemely decency the soule of man is as it were in a â—hessali'n Tempe of delight which groue for faire florishing meades for the pleasant shade of bushy Pâ—nes for pirhling brooks gliding streams of â—olsom water for a sweete odoriferous ayre for the melodious harmony and chiâ—ping of vocall birds for the fragrancy of medicinable flowers and hearbs for all pleasures that moâ—e feast delight the senses and draw the very soule into an admiration of the place of all other did surpasse as the Topographer makes mention But now wee meane to relate of the diuersity of spirits both in a generall and speciall acceptation â— A spirit is taken for our breath in respiration as Galen saies first prognostic if saith he far from treatable it implies a paine and an inflamation about the disaphragma T is often among the poets taken for wind among the philosophers for an abstract forme pro Damone vel bono vel malo it is vsed for a sauour and for lofty courage in none of these senses we are to take it in this place But for a subtile pure aery substance in the body of man and thus it may be defined Spiritus est subtilessima aeria dilucidaque substantia ex tenuissima parte sanguims producta cuiuâ— adminiculo proprios valeat anima producere actus A spirit is a most subtile aery and lightsome substance generated of the purest part of bloud whereby the soule can easily performe her functions in the naturall body They haue their originall and ofspring from the heart not from the braine as some hold For they being so pure and elaborate into the nature of aire cannot bee generated in the braine beeing by nature cold where nothing is product but that which is very vaporous Againe cerebrum est exangâ—e the braine is bloodless as it is euident by Anatomy neither hath it any veines to make a conueiance for that humour therfore it is most probable that where their is the intensest heate to extract these spirits from the blood and to rarifie them conuerting them into an aery substance that from thence they should haue their efficient cause for the spirits in speciall they be of three sorts vital natural and animall vital in the heart naturall in the liuer animal in the braine Vital because they giue power of motion pulsion vnto the arteries which motion any liuing creature hath so long as it hath a being and that being extinct the life is also extinct 2. Naturall in the liuer in that they yeelde hability of executing such actioÌ„s as chiefly concerne not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as nutricioÌ„ and the generation of the like 3. Animall in the braine and though the spirits proceed from the heart yet are they diffused through the whol body in the arteries and veines and there in the braine they are termed animale because they impart a faculty to the nerues of sence and real motion which are pecâ—liar to euery liuing creature The conduits of the spirits are the arteries and veins the arteries carry much spirits little blood the veines much blood and little spirit yet are each of them the receptacle of both For the cherishing and stirring vppe of the spirits these things ensewing are greatly auailable First an illuminated pure aire purged from all grosser qualities secondly a choice of fragrant smels thirdly musicall harmony and meriment as Ludouicus Cael. Rodig doth write a necessary fourth may be annexed that is nutriment for it rouses vppe and lightens the spirits therfore the philosopher in his problems saith that homo pransus multo leuior est agiliâ—r jeiuno after meat a man is farre more light and nimble then whiles he is fasting so a mery pleasant man is more light theâ— one that is sad and a man that is dead it farre heauier then one aliue There beâ— other thing also very coÌ„modious as inteâ— mission of meditation a due regard of motion that it be neither too vehement and so consume or too slacke and so corrupt the spirits now mean we to speake in order of the complections Cap. IX Of a cholerick complection CHoler is tearmed of the greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Latins bilis it is not onely taken for the humour but somtimes for anger as iâ— Thâ—ocritus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bitter anger appeard in his face or in his nostrilles So the latin word is as much as anger Plaut fames mora bilâ—m in nasum coÌ„ciunt for anger first appeares in the face or nose therefore the Hebrues haue the same word for ira and nasus that is aph 〈◊〉 which is agreeable to that of Theocr. afore mentioned and that of Persius Ira cadit naso rugosaque sanna So we say in our english prouerb when a man is teasty and anger wrinckles his nose such a man takes pepper in the nose but yel low choler is an humour contained in
body the blood in the blood the spirits in the spirits soule Thirdly because it is a nutriment for all and singular parts of what qualities soeuer It is tearmed in Hebrue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sanguis for his nutrition and sure it is as it were the dam or nurse from whose teats the whole body doth suck out and draw life Fourthly in that this humor being speÌ„t our life also must needs vanish away therfore some philosophers as it is wel known to the learned did not onely surmise but constantly auer that the soule was blood because it being effused the soule also doth flit from the body but that was a madde dreame no doubts if the sound of iudge ment had awoke them they woulde haue confessed themselues to haue been enwrap ped in a clowdy errour They also that affirme men of this constitution to be dullards and fooles to haue a pound of folly to an ounce of pollicy they themselues do seeme not to haue so much as a dram of discretion and do erre the whole heauens I confesse a sanguine complection may be so as any other in their discrasie yet not as it is a pure sanguine complection but as there is mixed with the blood either the grosse sediments of melancholy or the lenta materies pituitae tough phleume when the blood is also ouerheated by reason of hot choler or any other accidentary cause that generates a surplussage of blood or endues the spirits with a grosenes and too hot a qualitie more then their nature can well sustaine with keeping their perfection and puritie From whence the blood hath his originall it is apparently knowne especially to them which are skild in the autopsie of Anatomie the seat or fountaine head of it is vena caua a great hollow veine which strikes through the liuer from whence it is conueighed by many cesterns passages and conduit pipes throughout the whole body like spraies and branches from the stemme of a tree It hath his esseÌ„ce from the chymus or juice of our aliment concocted his rednesse is caused by the vertue of the liuer assimilating it vnto his owne colour To speake more of the externall habit and demeanour of man that hath this complection he euer hath an amiable looke a flourishing fresh visage a beautiful color which as the poet saith doth greatly commend one if all other thinges be wanting Nâ—e minor his aderat subliâ—is gratia formae Quae vel si desint coetera cuncta placet With vertues grac'd full debonaire was I Which all defac'd more highly dignifie They that are of this complection arâ— very affable in speach and haue a gracious faculty in their deliuery much addicted to witty conceits to a scholerlike 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being facâ—tosi not acâ—tosi quipping without bitter taunting hardly taking any thing in dogeon except they be greatly moued with disgrace especially wisely seeming eyther to take a thing some times more offensiuely or lesse greiuously then they do â—loaking their true passion they bee liberally minded they carry a constant louing affection to them chiefly vnto whom they be endeared and with whom they are intimate and chained in the links of true amitie neuer giuing ouer till death such a conuerst freind except on a capitall discontent they are very hairy their head is commonly a 〈◊〉 or amber-coloured so their â—eards they are much delighted with a musicall consent and harmony hauing so swâ—e a sâ—pathy themselues of soule and body And but for one fault they are â—ainted with they more well be tearmed Heroeâ— hominum and that is 〈◊〉 reason of that liuely abounding humour they are somewhat too prone to Venery which greatly alters their blessed state of coÌ„stitutioÌ„ drinks vp their huâ—dum radâ—le enfeebleth the diuinest powers consumes their pith and spends the substance of the braine for sperma is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as many philosohhers not without great reason affeuere not ter â—ncoctus sanguis therefore as Macrobius saith Hippocrates cals 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that coitus est paruus morbus comitialis and but for this they were superemineÌ„t aboue all men but their rare qualities and admirable vertues do more then couÌ„terpoize this naturall fault For his resolutioÌ„ he is like the center immoueable neuer caried away with the heady streame of any base affection but lies at the anchor of confidence and boldnes he is neuer lightly variable but beeing proudly harnest with a steely hart he wil run vpoÌ„ the push of great danger yea hazard his life against all the affronts of death it selfe if it stand ether with the honour of his soueraigne the welfare and quiet of his own country the after fame and renowne of himselfe els is he chary and wary to lay himselfe open to any daunger if the finall end of his endeauour and â—oile bee not plausible in his demur ring judgement Cap. 11. Of the Phlegmaticke humour THis humour is called of the Graecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of the Latines vsually Pituita which as Aetius noteth is so tearmed quasi petens vitam by reason of the extreame cold moi sture it hath being correspondent to the watry element whereby it doth extinguish the naturall heate in man and being caried with the blood by his grosse substance doth thicken it and stop the currents passages of the blood at least doth taint it with a coÌ„trary passiue destructiue qualitie Yet of al the humors the phisicions say and it is not improbable this commeth nearest vnto the best for it is a dulcet humour which being concocted is changed into the essence of blood and serues especially for the nutriment of the Phlegmaticke parts as the braine the Nuchâ— or soft pappe and marrow of the chein bone but this is naturall which of al these humors doth sonest digres into another grosse cold nature which will in processe of time proue that pernicious humor wherof AEtius speaks their is theÌ„ to be noted phlegma naturale wherof we spok eueÌ„ now non naturale of which these proceed Phlegmâ— 1. Crassum 2 Gypseum 3 Falsum 4 Acetosum 5 Tenue some others For the first that which is thicke is a crude substanee by multiplication in the ventricle the bowels or the braine or the blood whereof Hippocrates aduiseth men to euacuate themselues by vomit euery moneth in his booke de victus ratione priuaâ—rum But for the bowels it needes not so much as for the braine and ventricle for nature hath so ordained that the yellow choler that flowes from the gall into the duodâ—num should purge the entralls and wash away these Phlegmaticke superfluities and this in time will turne to the nature of Gypseum phlegma which is of a slimier and in time of a more obdurate nature insomuch it will grow as hard as plaister with long remaining in one place like fen water that turns into the nature of mudde and this is it that staies in the ioints and causeth