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extension_n of_o a_o body_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o magnitude_n of_o it_o or_o that_o which_o some_o call_v real_a space_n but_o this_o magnitude_n do_v not_o depend_v upon_o our_o cogitation_n as_o imaginary_a space_n do_v for_o this_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o our_o imagination_n but_o magnitude_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o this_o be_v a_o accident_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o of_o a_o body_n exist_v out_o of_o the_o mind_n 5_o that_o space_n by_o which_o word_n i_o here_o understand_v imaginary_a space_n which_o be_v coincident_a with_o the_o magnitude_n of_o any_o body_n be_v call_v the_o place_n of_o that_o body_n and_o the_o body_n itself_o be_v that_o which_o we_o call_v the_o thing_n place_v now_o place_n and_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o thing_n place_v differ_v first_o in_o this_o that_o a_o body_n keep_v always_o the_o same_o magnitude_n both_o when_o it_o be_v at_o rest_n and_o when_o it_o be_v move_v but_o when_o it_o be_v move_v it_o do_v not_o keep_v the_o 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it_o alone_o and_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o search_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o gravity_n 2_o now_o we_o call_v those_o body_n heavy_a which_o unless_o they_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o force_n be_v carry_v towards_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o by_o their_o own_o accord_n for_o aught_o we_o can_v by_o sense_n perceive_v to_o the_o contrary_n some_o philosopher_n therefore_o have_v be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n proceed_v from_o some_o internal_a appetite_n by_o which_o when_o they_o be_v cast_v upward_o they_o descend_v again_o as_o move_v by_o themselves_o to_o such_o place_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n other_o think_v they_o be_v attract_v by_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o former_a i_o can_v assent_v because_o i_o think_v i_o have_v already_o clear_o enough_o demonstrate_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o beginning_n of_o motion_n but_o from_o a_o external_a &_o move_a body_n and_o consequent_o that_o whatsoever_o have_v motion_n 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continual_o as_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o 19_o article_n of_o the_o 8_o chapter_n in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o with_o the_o same_o celerity_n except_o it_o be_v retard_v or_o accelerate_a by_o some_o external_a movent_fw-la now_o the_o air_n which_o be_v the_o only_a body_n that_o be_v interpose_v between_o the_o earth_n a_o and_o the_o stone_n above_o it_o e_z will_v have_v the_o same_o action_n in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n e_o a_o which_o it_o have_v in_o e._n but_o it_o depress_v the_o stone_n in_o e_z and_o therefore_o also_o it_o will_v depress_v it_o equal_o in_o every_o point_n of_o the_o straight_a line_n e_o a._n wherefore_o the_o stone_n will_v descend_v from_o e_o to_o a_o with_o accelerate_a motion_n the_o possible_a cause_n therefore_o of_o the_o descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n under_o the_o aequator_fw-la be_v the_o diurnal_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o same_o demonstration_n will_v serve_v if_o the_o stone_n be_v place_v in_o the_o plain_a of_o any_o other_o circle_n parallel_n to_o the_o aequator_fw-la but_o because_o this_o motion_n have_v by_o reason_n of_o its_o great_a slowness_n less_o force_n to_o thrust_v off_o the_o air_n in_o the_o parallel_a circle_n then_o in_o the_o aequator_fw-la and_o no_o force_n at_o all_o at_o the_o pole_n it_o may_v well_o be_v think_v for_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a consequent_a that_o heavy_a body_n descend_v with_o less_o and_o less_o velocity_n as_o they_o be_v more_o &_o more_o remote_a from_o the_o aequator_fw-la &_o that_o at_o the_o pole_n themselves_o they_o will_v either_o not_o descend_v at_o all_o or_o not_o descend_v by_o the_o axis_n which_o whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o false_a experience_n must_v determine_v but_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o make_v the_o experiment_n both_o because_o the_o
a_o syringe_n into_o the_o space_n fgb_n in_o that_o injection_n the_o air_n but_o pure_a air_n go_v with_o the_o same_o force_n out_o of_o the_o vessel_n through_o the_o injected_a water_n but_o as_o for_o those_o small_a body_n which_o former_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v intermingle_v with_o air_n &_o to_o be_v move_v with_o simple_a motion_n they_o can_v not_o together_o with_o the_o our_o air_n penetrate_v the_o water_n but_o remain_v behind_o be_v necessary_o thrust_v together_o into_o a_o narrow_a place_n namely_o into_o the_o space_n which_o be_v above_o the_o water_n fg._n the_o motion_n therefore_o of_o those_o small_a body_n will_v be_v less_o and_o less_o free_a by_o how_o much_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o injected_a water_n be_v great_a and_o great_a so_o that_o by_o their_o motion_n fall_v upon_o one_o another_o the_o same_o small_a body_n will_v mutual_o compress_v each_o other_o and_o have_v a_o perpetual_a endeavour_n of_o regayn_v their_o liberty_n and_o of_o depress_v the_o water_n that_o hinder_v they_o wherefore_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o orifice_n above_o be_v open_v the_o water_n which_o be_v next_o it_o will_v have_v a_o endeavour_n to_o ascend_v and_o will_v therefore_o necessary_o go_v out_o but_o it_o can_v go_v out_o unless_o at_o the_o same_o time_n there_o enter_v in_o as_o much_o air_n and_o therefore_o both_o the_o water_n will_v go_v out_o and_o the_o air_n enter_v in_o till_o those_o small_a body_n which_o be_v leave_v within_o the_o vessel_n have_v recover_v their_o former_a liberty_n of_o motion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v till_o the_o vessel_n be_v again_o fill_v with_o air_n and_o no_o water_n be_v leave_v of_o sufficient_a height_n to_o stop_v the_o passage_n at_o b._n wherefore_o i_o have_v show_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n namely_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o thunder_n for_o as_o in_o the_o generation_n of_o thunder_n the_o small_a body_n enclose_v within_o the_o cloud_n by_o be_v too_o close_o pen_v together_o do_v by_o their_o motion_n break_v the_o cloud_n and_o restore_v themselves_o to_o their_o natural_a liberty_n so_o here_o also_o the_o small_a body_n enclose_v within_o the_o space_n which_o be_v above_o the_o straight_a line_n fg_v do_v by_o their_o own_o motion_n expel_v the_o water_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o passage_n be_v open_v above_o and_o if_o the_o passage_n be_v keep_v stop_v and_o these_o small_a body_n be_v more_o vehement_o compress_v by_o the_o perpetual_a force_n in_o of_o more_o water_n they_o will_v at_o last_o break_v the_o vessel_n itself_o with_o great_a noise_n 10_o if_o aire_n be_v blow_v into_o a_o hollow_a cylinder_n or_o into_o a_o bladder_n it_o will_v increase_v the_o weight_n of_o either_o of_o they_o a_o little_a as_o many_o have_v find_v by_o experience_n who_o with_o great_a accurateness_n have_v try_v the_o same_o and_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n see_v as_o i_o have_v suppose_v there_o be_v intermingle_v with_o the_o common_a air_n a_o great_a number_n of_o small_a hard_a body_n which_o be_v heavy_a than_o the_o pure_a air_n for_o the_o aethereal_a substance_n be_v on_o all_o side_n equal_o agitate_a by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v a_o equal_a endeavour_n towards_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o therefore_o it_o have_v no_o gravity_n at_o all_o 11_o we_o find_v also_o by_o experience_n that_o by_o the_o force_n of_o air_n enclose_v in_o a_o hollow_a canon_n a_o bullet_n of_o lead_n may_v with_o considerable_a violence_n be_v shoot_v out_o of_o a_o gun_n of_o late_a invention_n call_v the_o windgun_n in_o the_o end_n of_o this_o canon_n there_o be_v two_o hole_n with_o their_o valve_n on_o the_o inside_n to_o shut_v they_o close_o one_o of_o they_o serve_v for_o the_o admission_n of_o air_n and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o let_n of_o it_o out_o also_o to_o that_o end_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o receive_n in_o of_o air_n there_o be_v join_v another_o canon_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n and_o bigness_n in_o which_o there_o be_v fit_v a_o rammer_n which_o be_v perforate_v and_o have_v also_o a_o valve_n open_v towards_o the_o former_a canon_n by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o valve_n the_o rammer_n be_v easy_o draw_v back_o and_o let_v in_o air_n from_o without_o and_o be_v often_o draw_v back_o and_o return_v again_o with_o violent_a stroke_n it_o force_v some_o part_n of_o that_o air_n into_o the_o former_a canon_n so_o long_o till_o at_o last_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o enclose_a air_n be_v great_a than_o the_o force_n of_o the_o stroke_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n man_n think_v there_o be_v now_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o air_n in_o the_o canon_n then_o there_o be_v former_o though_o it_o be_v full_a before_o also_o the_o air_n thus_o force_v in_o how_o much_o soever_o it_o be_v be_v hinder_v from_o get_v out_o again_o by_o the_o foresay_a valve_n which_o the_o very_a endeavour_n of_o the_o air_n to_o get_v out_o do_v necessary_o shut_v last_o that_o valve_n be_v open_v which_o be_v make_v for_o the_o let_v out_o of_o the_o air_n it_o present_o break_v out_o with_o violence_n &_o drive_v the_o bullet_n before_o it_o with_o great_a force_n and_o velocity_n as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o i_o can_v easy_o attribute_v it_o as_o most_o man_n do_v to_o condensation_n and_o think_v that_o the_o air_n which_o have_v at_o the_o first_o but_o its_o ordinary_a degree_n of_o rarity_n be_v afterward_o by_o the_o force_n in_o of_o more_o air_n condense_v and_o last_o of_o all_o rarefy_v again_o by_o be_v let_v out_o and_o restore_v to_o its_o natural_a liberty_n but_o i_o can_v imagine_v how_o the_o same_o place_n can_v be_v always_o full_a and_o nevertheless_o contain_v sometime_o a_o great_a sometime_o a_o less_o quantity_n of_o matter_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o it_o can_v be_v full_a than_o full_a nor_o can_v i_o conceive_v how_o fullness_n can_v of_o itself_o be_v a_o efficient_a cause_n of_o motion_n for_o both_o â—hese_n be_v impossible_a wherefore_o we_o must_v seek_v out_o some_o other_o possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n whilst_o therefore_o the_o valve_n with_o ch_n serve_v for_o the_o let_n in_o of_o air_n be_v open_v by_o the_o first_o stroke_n of_o the_o rammer_n the_o air_n within_o do_v with_o equal_a force_n resist_v the_o enter_n of_o the_o air_n from_o without_o so_o that_o the_o endeavour_n between_o the_o internal_a and_o external_a air_n be_v opposite_a that_o be_v there_o be_v two_o opposite_a motion_n while_o the_o one_o go_v in_o and_o the_o other_o come_v out_o but_o no_o augmentation_n at_o all_o of_o air_n within_o the_o canon_n for_o there_o be_v drive_v out_o by_o the_o stroke_n as_o much_o pure_a air_n which_o pass_v between_o the_o rammer_n and_o the_o side_n of_o the_o canon_n as_o there_o be_v force_v in_o of_o air_n impure_a by_o the_o same_o stroke_n and_o thus_o by_o many_o forcible_a stroke_n the_o quantity_n of_o small_a hard_a body_n will_v be_v increase_v within_o the_o canon_n and_o their_o motion_n also_o will_v grow_v strong_a and_o strong_a as_o long_a as_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o canon_n be_v able_a to_o endure_v their_o force_n by_o which_o if_o it_o be_v not_o break_v it_o will_v at_o least_o be_v urge_v every_o way_n by_o their_o endeavour_n to_o free_v themselves_o and_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o valve_n which_o serve_v to_o let_v they_o out_o be_v open_v they_o will_v fly_v out_o with_o violent_a motion_n and_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o bullet_n which_o be_v in_o their_o way_n wherefore_o i_o have_v give_v a_o possible_a cause_n of_o this_o phaenomenon_n 12_o water_n contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o heavy_a body_n ascend_v in_o the_o weatherglass_n but_o it_o do_v it_o when_o the_o air_n be_v cold_a for_o when_o it_o be_v warm_v it_o descend_v again_o and_o this_o organ_n be_v call_v a_o thermometer_n or_o thermoscope_n because_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a be_v measure_v and_o mark_v by_o it_o it_o be_v make_v in_o this_o manner_n let_v a_o b_o c_o d_o in_o the_o 5_o figure_n be_v a_o vessel_n full_a of_o water_n and_o e_o f_o g_o a_o hollow_a cylinder_n of_o glass_n close_v at_o e_o and_o open_a at_o g._n let_v it_o be_v heat_v and_o set_v upright_o within_o the_o water_n to_o f_o and_o let_v the_o open_a end_n reach_v to_o g._n this_o be_v do_v as_o the_o air_n by_o little_a and_o little_o grow_v cold_a the_o water_n will_v ascend_v slow_o within_o the_o cylinder_n from_o f_o towards_o e_z till_o at_o last_o the_o external_a and_o internal_a air_n come_v to_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n it_o will_v neither_o ascend_v high_a nor_o descend_v low_o till_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n be_v change_v suppose_v it_o therefore_o
be_v demonstrate_v by_o good_a reason_n to_o be_v so_o chap._n iii_o of_o proposition_n 1_o divers_a kind_n of_o speech_n 2_o proposition_n define_v 3_o subject_n predicate_v and_o copula_fw-la what_o they_o be_v and_o abstract_n and_o concrete_a what_o the_o use_n and_o abuse_v of_o name_n abstract_v 5_o proposition_n universal_a and_o particular_a 6_o affirmative_a and_o negative_a 7_o true_a and_o false_a 8_o true_a and_o false_a belong_v to_o speech_n and_o not_o to_o thing_n 9_o proposition_n primary_n not_o primary_n definion_n axiom_n petition_n 10_o proposition_n necessary_a and_o contingent_a 11_o categoricall_a and_o hypotheticall_a 12_o the_o same_o proposition_n diverse_o pronounce_v 13_o proposition_n that_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o same_o categoricall_a proposition_n be_v equipollent_a 14_o universal_a proposition_n convert_v by_o contradictory_n name_n be_v equipollent_a 15_o negative_a proposition_n be_v the_o same_o whether_o the_o negation_n be_v before_o or_o after_o the_o copula_fw-la 16_o particular_a proposition_n simple_o convert_v be_v equipollent_a 17_o what_o be_v subaltern_n contrary_a subcontrary_a and_o contradictory_n proposition_n 18_o consequence_n what_o it_o be_v 19_o falsity_n can_v follow_v from_o truth_n 20_o how_o one_o proposition_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o another_o 1from_o the_o connection_n or_o contexture_n of_o name_n arise_v diverse_a kind_n of_o speech_n whereof_o some_o signify_v the_o desire_n and_o affection_n of_o man_n such_o be_v first_o interrogation_n which_o denote_v the_o desire_n of_o know_v as_o who_o be_v a_o good_a man_n in_o which_o speech_n there_o be_v one_o name_v express_v &_o another_o desire_a and_o expect_v from_o he_o of_o who_o we_o ask_v the_o same_o then_o prayer_n which_o signify_v the_o desire_n of_o have_v something_o promise_n threat_n wish_n command_n complaint_n and_o other_o signification_n of_o other_o affection_n speech_n may_v also_o be_v absurd_a and_o insignificant_a as_o when_o there_o be_v a_o succession_n of_o word_n to_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o succession_n of_o thought_n in_o the_o mind_n to_o answer_v they_o and_o this_o happen_v often_o to_o such_o as_o understand_v nothing_o in_o some_o subtle_a matter_n do_v nevertheless_o to_o make_v other_o believe_v they_o understand_v speak_v of_o the_o same_o incoherent_o for_o the_o connection_n of_o incoherent_a word_n though_o it_o want_v the_o end_n of_o speech_n which_o be_v signification_n yet_o it_o be_v speech_n and_o be_v use_v by_o the_o writer_n of_o metaphysic_n almost_o as_o frequent_o as_o speech_n significative_a in_o philosophy_n there_o be_v but_o one_o kind_n of_o speech_n useful_a which_o some_o call_v in_o latin_a dictum_fw-la other_o enuntiatum_fw-la &_o pronunciatum_fw-la but_o most_o man_n call_v it_o proposition_n and_o be_v the_o speech_n of_o those_o that_o affirm_v or_o deny_v and_o express_v truth_n or_o falsity_n 2_o a_o proposition_n be_v a_o speech_n consist_v of_o two_o name_n copulate_v by_o which_o he_o that_o speak_v signify_v he_o conceive_v the_o late_a name_n to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n whereof_o the_o former_a be_v the_o name_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o that_o the_o former_a name_n be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o late_a for_o example_n this_o speech_n man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n in_o which_o two_o name_n be_v copulate_v by_o the_o verb_n be_v be_v a_o proposition_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o he_o that_o speak_v it_o conceive_v both_o live_a creature_n and_o man_n to_o be_v name_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n or_o that_o the_o former_a name_n man_n be_v comprehend_v by_o the_o late_a name_n live_v creature_n now_o the_o former_a name_n be_v common_o call_v the_o subject_a or_o antecedent_n or_o the_o contain_a name_n and_o the_o late_a the_o praedicat_fw-la consequent_a or_o contain_v name_n the_o sign_n of_o connection_n among_o most_o nation_n be_v either_o some_o word_n as_o the_o word_n be_v in_o the_o proposition_n man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n or_o some_o case_n or_o termination_n of_o a_o word_n as_o in_o this_o proposition_n man_n walk_v which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o this_o man_n be_v walk_v the_o termination_n by_o which_o it_o be_v say_v he_o walk_v rather_o than_o he_o be_v walk_v signify_v that_o those_o two_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v copulate_v or_o to_o be_v name_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o there_o be_v or_o certain_o may_v be_v some_o nation_n that_o have_v no_o word_n which_o answer_v to_o our_o verb_n be_v who_o nevertheless_o form_n proposition_n by_o the_o position_n only_o of_o one_o name_n after_o another_o as_o if_o instead_o of_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n it_o shall_v be_v say_v man_n a_o live_a creature_n for_o the_o very_a order_n of_o the_o name_n may_v sufficient_o show_v their_o connection_n and_o they_o be_v as_o apt_a and_o useful_a in_o philosophy_n as_o if_o they_o be_v copulate_v by_o the_o verb_n is._n 3_o wherefore_o in_o every_o proposition_n three_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v viz._n the_o two_o name_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a and_o the_o predicate_v and_o their_o copulation_n both_o which_o name_n raise_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o thought_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o the_o copulation_n make_v we_o think_v of_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o those_o name_n be_v impose_v on_o that_o thing_n as_o for_o example_n when_o we_o say_v a_o body_n be_v movable_a though_o we_o conceive_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v design_v by_o both_o those_o name_n yet_o our_o mind_n rest_v not_o there_o but_o search_v further_o what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v a_o body_n or_o to_o be_v movable_a that_o be_v wherein_o consist_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o and_o other_o thing_n for_o which_o these_o be_v so_o call_v other_o be_v not_o so_o call_v they_o therefore_o that_o seek_v what_o it_o be_v to_o be_v any_o thing_n as_o to_o be_v movable_a to_o be_v hot_a etc._n etc._n seek_v in_o thing_n the_o cause_n of_o their_o name_n and_o from_o hence_o arise_v that_o distinction_n of_o name_n touch_v in_o the_o last_o chap._n into_o concrete_a and_o abstract_n for_o concrete_a be_v the_o name_n of_o any_o thing_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o have_v a_o be_v and_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o subject_a in_o latin_a suppositum_fw-la and_o in_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o body_n movable_a move_v figurate_a a_o cubit_n high_a hot_a cold_a like_a equal_a appius_n lentulus_n and_o the_o like_a and_o abstract_n be_v that_o which_o in_o any_o subject_n denote_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o concrete_a name_n as_o to_o be_v a_o body_n to_o be_v movable_a to_o be_v move_v to_o be_v figurate_a to_o be_v of_o such_o quantity_n to_o be_v hot_a to_o be_v cold_a to_o be_v like_a to_o be_v equal_a to_o be_v appius_n to_o be_v lentulus_n etc._n etc._n or_o name_n equivalent_a to_o these_o which_o be_v most_o common_o call_v abstract_a name_n as_o corporeity_n mobility_n motion_n figure_n quantity_n heat_n cold_a likeness_n equality_n and_o as_o cicero_n have_v it_o appiety_n and_o lentulity_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n also_o be_v infinitives_n for_o to_o live_v and_o to_o move_v be_v the_o same_o with_o life_n and_o motion_n or_o to_o be_v live_v and_o to_o be_v move_v but_o abstract_a name_n denote_v only_o the_o cause_n of_o concrete_a name_n and_o not_o the_o thing_n themselves_o for_o example_n when_o we_o see_v any_o thing_n or_o conceive_v in_o our_o mind_n any_o visible_a thing_n that_o thing_n appear_v to_o we_o or_o be_v conceive_v by_o we_o not_o in_o one_o point_n but_o as_o have_v part_n distant_a from_o one_o another_o that_o be_v as_o be_v extend_v and_o fill_v some_o space_n see_v therefore_o we_o call_v the_o thing_n so_o conceive_v body_n the_o cause_n of_o that_o name_n be_v that_o that_o thing_n be_v extend_v or_o the_o extension_n or_o corporeity_n of_o it_o so_o when_o we_o see_v a_o thing_n appear_v sometime_o here_o sometime_o there_o and_o call_v it_o move_v or_o remove_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o name_n be_v that_o it_o be_v move_v or_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o same_o and_o these_o cause_n of_o name_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o conception_n namely_o some_o power_n or_o action_n or_o affection_n of_o the_o thing_n conceive_v which_o some_o call_v the_o manner_n by_o which_o any_o thing_n work_v upon_o our_o sense_n but_o by_o most_o man_n they_o be_v call_v accident_n i_o say_v accident_n not_o in_o that_o sense_n in_o which_o accident_n be_v oppose_v to_o necessary_a but_o so_o as_o be_v neither_o the_o thing_n themselves_o nor_o part_n thereof_o do_v nevertheless_o accompany_v the_o thing_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o save_v extension_n they_o may_v all_o perish_v and_o 〈◊〉_d destroy_v but_o can_v never_o be_v abstract_v 4_o there_o be_v also_o this_o difference_n betwixt_o concrete_a and_o abstract_a name_n that_o those_o
the_o same_o quality_n as_o every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n some_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n or_o no_o man_n be_v wise_a some_o man_n be_v not_o wise._n of_o these_o iâ—_n the_o universal_a be_v true_a the_o particular_a will_v be_v true_a also_o contrary_a be_v universal_a proposition_n of_o different_a quality_n as_o every_o man_n be_v happy_a no_o man_n be_v happy_a and_o of_o these_o if_o one_o be_v true_a the_o other_o be_v false_a also_o they_o may_v both_o be_v false_a as_o in_o the_o example_n give_v subcontrary_n be_v particular_a proposition_n of_o different_a quality_n as_o some_o man_n be_v learned_a some_o man_n be_v not_o learned_a which_o can_v be_v both_o false_a but_o they_o may_v be_v both_o true_a contradictory_n be_v those_o that_o differ_v both_o in_o quantity_n and_o quality_n as_o every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n some_o man_n be_v not_o a_o live_a creature_n which_o can_v neither_o be_v both_o true_a nor_o both_o false_a 18_o a_o proposition_n be_v say_v to_o follow_v from_o two_o other_o proposition_n when_o these_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o the_o other_o be_v true_a also_o for_o example_n let_v these_o two_o proposition_n every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n and_o every_o live_a creature_n be_v a_o body_n be_v suppose_v true_a that_o be_v that_o body_n be_v the_o name_n of_o every_o live_a creature_n and_o live_v creature_n the_o name_n of_o every_o man._n see_v therefore_o if_o these_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v true_a it_o can_v be_v understand_v that_o body_n be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o every_o man_n that_o be_v that_o every_o man_n be_v a_o body_n be_v false_a this_o proposition_n will_v be_v say_v to_o follow_v from_o those_o two_o or_o to_o be_v necessary_o infer_v from_o they_o 19_o that_o a_o true_a proposition_n may_v follow_v from_o false_a proposition_n may_v happen_v sometime_o but_o false_a from_o true_a never_o for_o if_o these_o every_o man_n be_v a_o stone_n and_o every_o stone_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n which_o be_v both_o false_a be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a it_o be_v grant_v also_o that_o live_a creature_n be_v the_o name_n of_o every_o stone_n and_o stone_n of_o every_o man_n that_o be_v that_o live_v creature_n be_v the_o name_n of_o every_o man_n that_o be_v to_o say_v this_o proposition_n every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n be_v true_a as_o it_o be_v indeed_o true_a wherefore_o a_o true_a proposition_n may_v sometime_o follow_v from_o false_a but_o if_o any_o two_o proposition_n be_v true_a a_o false_a one_o can_v never_o follow_v from_o they_o for_o if_o true_a follow_v from_o false_a for_o this_o reason_n only_o that_o the_o false_a be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a than_o truth_n from_o two_o truth_n grant_v will_v follow_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n 20_o now_o see_v none_o but_o a_o true_a proposition_n will_v follow_v from_o true_a and_o that_o the_o understanding_n of_o two_o proposition_n to_o be_v true_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o understanding_n that_o also_o to_o be_v true_a which_o be_v deduce_v from_o they_o the_o two_o antecedent_n proposition_n be_v common_o call_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o infer_v proposition_n or_o conclusion_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o logician_n say_v the_o premise_n be_v cause_n of_o the_o conclusion_n which_o may_v pass_v though_o it_o be_v not_o proper_o speak_v for_o though_o understanding_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o understanding_n yet_o speech_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o speech_n but_o when_o they_o say_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o property_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o thing_n itself_o they_o speak_v absurd_o eor_fw-la example_n if_o a_o figure_n be_v propound_v which_o be_v triangular_a see_v every_o triangle_n have_v all_o its_o angle_n together_o equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o angle_n of_o that_o figure_n be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n they_o say_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o that_o figure_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o equality_n but_o see_v the_o figure_n do_v not_o itself_o make_v its_o angle_n and_o therefore_o can_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o efficient-cause_n they_o call_v it_o the_o formall-cause_n whereas_o in_o deed_n it_o be_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o nor_o do_v the_o property_n of_o any_o figure_n follow_v the_o figure_n but_o have_v its_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o it_o only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o figure_n go_v before_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o property_n and_o one_o knowledge_n be_v true_o the_o cause_n of_o another_o knowledge_n namely_o the_o efficient-cause_n and_o thus_o much_o concern_v proposition_n which_o in_o the_o progress_n of_o philosophy_n be_v the_o first_o step_v like_o the_o move_n towards_o of_o one_o foot_n by_o the_o due_a addition_n of_o another_o step_v i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o syllogism_n and_o make_v a_o complete_a pace_n of_o which_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n iu._n of_o syllogism_n 1_o the_o definition_n of_o syllogism_n 2_o in_o a_o syllogism_n there_o be_v but_o three_o term_n 3_o major_n minor_n and_o middle_a term_n also_o major_a and_o minor_a proposition_n what_o they_o be_v 4_o the_o middle_a term_n in_o every_o syllogism_n ought_v to_o be_v determine_v in_o both_o the_o proposition_n to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n 5_o from_o two_o particular_a proposition_n nothing_o can_v be_v conclude_v 6_o a_o syllogism_n be_v the_o collection_n of_o two_o proposition_n into_o one_o sum_n 7_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o syllogism_n what_o it_o be_v 8_o what_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n answer_v to_o a_o syllogism_n 9_o the_o first_o indirect_a figure_n how_o it_o be_v make_v 10_o the_o second_o indirect_a figure_n how_o make_v 11_o how_o the_o three_o indirect_a figure_n be_v make_v 12_o there_o be_v many_o mood_n in_o every_o figure_n but_o most_o of_o they_o useless_a in_o philosophy_n 13_o a_o hypotheticall_a syllogism_n when_o equipollent_a to_o a_o categoricall_a 1._o a_o speech_n consist_v of_o three_o proposition_n from_o two_o of_o which_o the_o three_o follow_v be_v call_v a_o syllogism_n and_o that_o which_o follow_v be_v call_v the_o conclusion_n the_o other_o two_o premise_n for_o example_n this_o speech_n every_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n every_o live_a creature_n be_v a_o body_n therefore_o every_o man_n be_v a_o body_n be_v a_o syllogism_n because_o the_o three_o proposition_n follow_v from_o the_o two_o first_o that_o be_v if_o those_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a this_o must_v also_o be_v grant_v to_o be_v true_a 2_o from_o two_o proposition_n which_o have_v not_o one_o term_n common_a no_o conclusion_n can_v follow_v and_o therefore_o no_o syllogism_n can_v be_v make_v of_o they_o for_o let_v any_o two_o premise_n a_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n a_o tree_n be_v a_o plant_n be_v both_o of_o they_o true_a yet_o because_o it_o can_v be_v collect_v from_o they_o that_o plant_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o man_n or_o man_n the_o name_n of_o a_o plant_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o this_o conclusion_n a_o man_n be_v a_o plant_n shall_v be_v true_a corollary_n therefore_o in_o the_o premise_n of_o a_o syllogism_n there_o can_v be_v but_o three_o term_n beside_o there_o can_v be_v no_o term_n in_o the_o conclusion_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o premise_n for_o let_v any_o two_o premise_n be_v a_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n a_o live_a creature_n be_v a_o body_n yet_o if_o any_o other_o term_n be_v put_v in_o the_o conclusion_n as_o man_n be_v two_o footed_a though_o it_o be_v true_a it_o can_v follow_v from_o the_o premise_n because_o from_o they_o it_o can_v be_v collect_v that_o the_o name_n two_o footed_a belong_v to_o a_o man_n and_o therefore_o again_o in_o every_o syllogism_n there_o can_v be_v but_o three_o term_n 3_o of_o these_o term_n that_o which_o be_v the_o predicate_a in_o the_o conclusion_n be_v common_o call_v the_o major_a that_o which_o be_v the_o subject_a in_o the_o conclusion_n the_o minor_a and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o middle_a term_n as_o in_o this_o syllogism_n a_o man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n a_o live_a creature_n be_v a_o body_n therefore_o a_o man_n be_v a_o body_n body_n be_v the_o major_n man_n the_o minor_a and_o live_a creature_n the_o middle_a term._n also_o of_o the_o premise_n that_o in_o which_o the_o major_a term_n be_v find_v be_v call_v the_o major_a proposition_n and_o that_o which_o have_v the_o minor_a term_n the_o minor_a proposition_n 4_o if_o the_o middle_a term_n be_v not_o in_o both_o the_o premise_n determine_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o singular_a thing_n no_o conclusion_n will_v follow_v nor_o syllogism_n be_v make_v for_o let_v the_o minor_a term_n be_v man_n the_o middle_a term_n live_v creature_n and_o the_o major_a term_n
thither_o which_o be_v proper_a to_o body_n also_o a_o shadow_n be_v move_v or_o be_v a_o body_n light_n be_v move_v or_o be_v a_o body_n colour_n be_v the_o obâ—ect_n of_o sight_n sound_v of_o hear_v space_n or_o place_n be_v extend_v and_o innumerable_a other_o of_o this_o kind_n for_o see_v ghost_n sensible_a species_n a_o shadow_n light_z colour_n sound_v space_n etc._n etc._n appear_v to_o we_o no_o less_o sleep_v then_o wake_v they_o can_v be_v thing_n without_o we_o but_o only_a phantasm_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o imagine_v they_o and_o therefore_o the_o name_n of_o these_o copulate_v with_o the_o name_n of_o body_n can_v constitute_v a_o true_a proposition_n 5_o false_a proposition_n of_o the_o three_o kind_n be_v such_o as_o these_o genus_fw-la est_fw-la ens_fw-la universal_a est_fw-la ens_fw-la ens_fw-la de_fw-la enter_fw-la praedicatur_fw-la for_o genus_fw-la and_o universal_a and_o praedicare_fw-la be_v name_n of_o name_n and_o not_o of_o thing_n also_o number_n be_v infinite_a be_v a_o false_a proposition_n for_o no_o number_n can_v be_v infinite_a but_o only_o the_o word_n number_n be_v then_o call_v a_o indefinite_a name_n when_o there_o be_v no_o determine_a number_n answer_v to_o it_o in_o the_o mind_n 6_o to_o the_o four_o kind_n belong_v such_o false_a proposition_n as_o these_o a_o object_n be_v of_o such_o magnitude_n or_o figure_n as_o appear_v to_o the_o beholder_n colour_n light_n sound_z be_v in_o the_o object_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o same_o object_n appear_v sometime_o great_a sometime_o lesser_a sometime_o square_a sometime_o round_o according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o distance_n and_o medium_fw-la but_o the_o true_a magnitude_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o thing_n see_v be_v always_o one_o and_o the_o same_o so_o that_o the_o magnitude_n and_o figure_n which_o appear_v be_v not_o the_o true_a magnitude_n and_o figure_n of_o the_o object_n nor_o any_o thing_n but_o phantasm_n and_o therefore_o in_o such_o proposition_n as_o these_o the_o name_n of_o accident_n be_v copulate_v with_o the_o name_n of_o phantasm_n 7_o proposition_n be_v false_a in_o the_o five_o manner_n when_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o definition_n be_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o thing_n whiteness_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n be_v the_o genus_fw-la or_o universal_a for_o definition_n be_v not_o the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n but_o a_o speech_n signify_v what_o we_o conceive_v of_o the_o essence_n thereof_o and_o so_o also_o not_o whiteness_n itself_o but_o the_o word_n whiteness_n be_v a_o genus_fw-la or_o a_o universal_a name_n 8_o in_o the_o six_o manner_n they_o err_v that_o say_v the_o idea_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v universal_a as_o if_o there_o can_v be_v in_o the_o mind_n a_o image_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v not_o the_o image_n of_o some_o one_o man_n but_o of_o man_n simple_o which_o be_v impossible_a for_o every_o idea_n be_v one_o and_o of_o onething_n but_o they_o be_v deceive_v in_o this_o that_o they_o put_v the_o name_n of_o the_o thing_n for_o the_o idea_n thereof_o 9_o they_o err_v in_o the_o seven_o manner_n that_o make_v this_o distinction_n between_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v that_o some_o of_o they_o exist_v by_o themselves_o other_o by_o accident_n namely_o because_o socrates_n be_v a_o man_n be_v a_o necessary_a proposition_n and_o socrates_n be_v a_o musician_n a_o contingent_a proposition_n therefore_o they_o say_v some_o thing_n exist_v necessary_o or_o by_o themselves_o other_o contingent_o or_o by_o accident_n whereby_o see_v necessary_a contingent_a by_o itself_o by_o accident_n be_v not_o name_n of_o thing_n but_o of_o proposition_n they_o that_o say_v any_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v exist_v by_o accident_n copulate_v the_o name_n of_o a_o proposition_n with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n also_o they_o err_v which_o place_n some_o idea_n in_o the_o understanding_n other_o in_o the_o fancy_n as_o if_o from_o the_o understanding_n of_o this_o proposition_n man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n we_o have_v one_o idea_n or_o image_n of_o a_o man_n derive_v from_o sense_n to_o the_o memory_n and_o another_o to_o the_o understanding_n wherein_o that_o which_o deceive_v they_o be_v this_o that_o they_o think_v one_o idea_n shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o a_o name_n another_o to_o a_o proposition_n which_o be_v false_a for_o prâ—position_n signify_v only_o the_o order_n of_o those_o thing_n one_o after_o another_o which_o we_o observe_v in_o the_o same_o idea_n of_o man_n so_o that_o this_o proposition_n man_n be_v a_o live_a creature_n raise_v but_o one_o idea_n in_o we_o though_o in_o that_o idea_n we_o consider_v that_o first_o for_o which_o he_o be_v call_v man_n and_o next_o that_o for_o which_o he_o be_v call_v live_v creature_n the_o falsity_n of_o proposition_n in_o all_o these_o several_a manner_n be_v to_o be_v discover_v by_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o copulate_v name_n 10_o but_o when_o name_n of_o body_n be_v copulate_v with_o name_n of_o body_n name_n of_o accident_n with_o name_n of_o accident_n name_n of_o name_n with_o name_n of_o name_n and_o name_n of_o phantasm_n with_o name_n of_o phantasm_n if_o we_o nevertheless_o remain_v still_o doubtful_a whether_o such_o proposition_n be_v true_a we_o ought_v then_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o find_v out_o the_o definition_n of_o both_o those_o name_n and_o again_o the_o definition_n of_o such_o name_n as_o be_v in_o the_o former_a definition_n and_o so_o proceed_v by_o a_o continual_a resolution_n till_o we_o come_v to_o a_o simple_a name_n that_o be_v to_o the_o most_o general_n or_o most_o universal_a name_n of_o that_o kind_n and_o if_o after_o all_o this_o the_o truth_n or_o falsity_n thereof_o be_v not_o evident_a we_o must_v search_v it_o out_o by_o philosophy_n and_o ratiocination_n begin_v from_o definition_n for_o every_o proposition_n universal_o true_a be_v either_o a_o definition_n or_o part_n of_o a_o definition_n or_o the_o evidence_n of_o it_o depend_v upon_o definition_n 11_o that_o fault_n of_o a_o syllogism_n which_o lie_v bid_v in_o the_o form_n thereof_o will_v always_o be_v find_v either_o in_o the_o implication_n of_o the_o copula_fw-la with_o one_o of_o the_o term_n or_o in_o the_o aequivocation_n of_o some_o word_n and_o in_o either_o of_o these_o way_n there_o will_v be_v four_o term_n which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v can_v stand_v in_o a_o true_a syllogism_n now_o the_o implication_n of_o the_o copula_fw-la with_o either_o term_n be_v easy_o detect_v by_o reduce_v the_o proposition_n to_o plain_a and_o clear_a praedication_n as_o for_o example_n if_o any_o man_n shall_v argue_v thus_o the_o hand_n touch_v the_o pen_n the_o pen_n touch_v the_o paper_n therefore_o the_o hand_n touch_v the_o paper_n the_o fallacy_n will_v easy_o appear_v by_o reduce_v it_o thus_o the_o hand_n be_v touch_v the_o pen_n the_o pen_n be_v touch_v the_o paper_n therefore_o the_o hand_n be_v touch_v the_o paper_n where_o there_o be_v manifest_o these_o four_o term_n the_o hand_n touch_v the_o pen_n the_o pen_n and_o touch_v the_o paper_n but_o the_o danger_n of_o be_v deceive_v by_o sophism_n of_o this_o kind_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o great_a as_o that_o i_o need_v insist_v long_o upon_o they_o 12_o and_o though_o there_o may_v be_v fallacy_n in_o aequivocal_a term_n yet_o in_o those_o that_o be_v manifest_o such_o there_o be_v none_o at_o all_o nor_o in_o metaphor_n for_o they_o profess_v the_o transfer_v of_o name_n from_o one_o thing_n to_o another_o nevertheless_o sometime_o aequivocall_n and_o those_o not_o very_o obscure_a may_v deceive_v as_o in_o this_o argumentation_n it_o belong_v to_o metaphysic_n to_o treat_v of_o principle_n but_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o same_o thing_n can_v both_o exist_v and_o not_o exist_v at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o therefore_o it_o belong_v to_o metaphysic_n to_o treat_v whether_o the_o same_o thing_n may_v both_o exist_v and_o not_o exist_v at_o the_o same_o time_n where_o the_o fallacy_n lie_v in_o the_o aequivocation_n of_o the_o word_n principle_n for_o whereas_o aristotle_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o metaphysic_n say_v that_o the_o treat_v of_o principle_n belong_v to_o primary_n science_n he_o understand_v by_o principle_n cause_n of_o thing_n and_o certain_a existence_n which_o he_o call_v primary_n but_o where_o he_o say_v a_o primary_n proposition_n be_v a_o principle_n by_o principle_n there_o he_o mean_v the_o beginning_n and_o cause_n of_o knowledge_n that_o be_v the_o understanding_n of_o word_n which_o if_o any_o man_n want_v he_o be_v incapable_a of_o learning_n 13_o but_o the_o caption_n of_o sophist_n and_o sceptic_n by_o which_o they_o be_v wont_n of_o old_a to_o deride_v and_o oppose_v truth_n be_v faulty_a for_o the_o most_o part_n not_o in_o the_o form_n but_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o
syllogism_n and_o they_o deceive_v not_o other_o often_o than_o they_o be_v themselves_o deceive_v for_o the_o force_n of_o that_o famous_a argument_n of_o zeno_n against_o motion_n consist_v in_o this_o proposition_n whatsoever_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n infinite_a in_o number_n the_o same_o be_v infinite_a which_o he_o without_o doubt_n think_v to_o be_v true_a yet_o nevertheless_o be_v false_a for_o to_o be_v divide_v into_o infinite_a part_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o be_v divide_v â—â—â—o_o as_o many_o part_n as_o any_o man_n will_n but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a that_o a_o line_n shall_v have_v part_n infinite_a in_o number_n or_o be_v infinite_a because_o i_o can_v divide_v and_o subdivide_v it_o as_o often_o as_o i_o please_v for_o how_o many_o part_n soever_o i_o make_v yet_o their_o number_n be_v finite_a but_o because_o he_o that_o say_v part_n simple_o without_o add_v how_o many_o do_v not_o limit_v any_o number_n but_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o hearer_n therefore_o we_o say_v common_o a_o line_n may_v be_v divide_v infinite_o which_o can_v be_v true_a in_o any_o other_o sense_n and_o thus_o much_o may_v suffice_v concern_v syllogism_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o first_o pace_n towards_o philosophy_n in_o which_o i_o have_v say_v as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o teach_v any_o man_n from_o whence_o all_o true_a argumentation_n have_v its_o force_n and_o to_o enlarge_v this_o treatise_n with_o all_o that_o may_v be_v heap_v together_o will_v be_v as_o superfluous_a as_o if_o one_o shall_v as_o i_o say_v before_o give_v a_o young_a child_n precept_n for_o the_o teach_n of_o he_o to_o go_v for_o the_o art_n of_o reason_v be_v not_o so_o well_o learn_v by_o precept_n as_o by_o practice_n and_o by_o the_o read_n of_o those_o book_n in_o which_o the_o conclusion_n be_v all_o make_v by_o severe_a demonstration_n and_o so_o i_o pass_v on_o to_o the_o way_n of_o philosophy_n that_o be_v to_o the_o method_n of_o study_n chap._n vi_o of_o method_n 1_o method_n and_o science_n define_v 2_o it_o be_v more_o easy_o know_v concern_v singular_a then_o universal_a thing_n that_o they_o be_v and_o contrary_o it_o iâ—_n more_o easy_o know_v concern_v universal_a then_o singular_a thing_n why_o they_o be_v or_o what_o be_v their_o cause_n 3_o what_o it_o be_v philosopher_n seek_v to_o know_v 4_o the_o first_o part_n by_o which_o principle_n be_v find_v out_o be_v pure_o analyticall_a 5_o the_o high_a cause_n and_o most_o universal_a in_o every_o kind_n be_v know_v by_o themselves_o 6_o method_n from_o principle_n fonnd_v out_o tend_v to_o science_n simple_o what_o it_o be_v 7_o that_o method_n of_o civil_a and_o natural_a science_n which_o proceed_v from_o sense_n to_o principle_n be_v analytical_a and_o again_o that_o which_o begin_v at_o principle_n be_v syntheticall_a 8_o the_o method_n of_o search_v out_o whether_o any_o thing_n propound_v be_v matter_n or_o accident_n 9_o the_o method_n of_o seek_v whether_o any_o accident_n be_v in_o this_o or_o in_o that_o subject_a 10_o the_o method_n of_o search_v after_o the_o cause_n of_o any_o effect_v propound_v 11_o word_n serve_v to_o invention_n as_o mark_v to_o demonstration_n as_o sign_n 12_o the_o method_n of_o demonstration_n be_v syntheticall_a 13_o definition_n only_o be_v primary_n and_o universal_a proposition_n 14_o the_o nature_n and_o definition_n of_o a_o definition_n 15_o the_o property_n of_o a_o definition_n 16_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o demonstration_n 17_o the_o property_n of_o a_o demonstration_n and_o order_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v demonstrate_v 18_o the_o fault_n of_o a_o demonstration_n 19_o why_o the_o analyticall_a method_n of_o geometrician_n can_v be_v treat_v of_o in_o this_o place_n 1_o for_o the_o understanding_n of_o method_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o i_o to_o repeat_v the_o definition_n of_o philosophy_n deliver_v above_o chap._n 1._o art_n 2._o in_o this_o manner_n philosophy_n be_v the_o knowledge_n we_o acquire_v by_o true_a ratiocination_n of_o appearance_n or_o apparent_a effect_n from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o some_o possible_a production_n or_o generation_n of_o the_o same_o and_o of_o such_o production_n as_o have_v be_v or_o may_v be_v from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o the_o effect_n method_n therefore_o in_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n be_v the_o short_a way_n of_o find_v out_o effect_n by_o their_o know_a cause_n or_o of_o cause_n by_o their_o know_a effect_n but_o we_o be_v then_o say_v to_o know_v any_o effect_n when_o we_o know_v that_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o the_o same_o and_o in_o what_o subject_n those_o cause_n be_v and_o in_o what_o subject_n they_o produce_v that_o effect_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o work_v the_o same_o and_o this_o be_v the_o science_n of_o cause_n or_o as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d all_o other_o science_n which_o be_v call_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v either_o perception_n by_o sense_n or_o the_o imagination_n or_o memory_n remain_v after_o such_o perception_n the_o first_o beginning_n therefore_o of_o knowledge_n be_v the_o phantasm_n of_o sense_n and_o imagination_n and_o that_o there_o be_v such_o phantasm_n we_o know_v well_o enough_o by_o nature_n but_o to_o know_v why_o they_o be_v or_o from_o what_o cause_n they_o proceed_v be_v the_o work_n of_o ratiocination_n which_o consist_v as_o be_v say_v above_o in_o the_o 1._o chap._n 2._o art_n in_o composition_n and_o division_n or_o resolution_n there_o be_v therefore_o no_o method_n by_o which_o we_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o thing_n but_o be_v either_o compositive_a or_o resolutive_a or_o partly_o compositive_a and_o partly_o resolutive_a and_o the_o resolutive_a be_v common_o call_v analyticall_a method_n as_o the_o compositive_a be_v call_v syntheticall_a 2_o it_o be_v common_a to_o all_o sort_n of_o method_n to_o proceed_v from_o know_a thing_n to_o unknown_a and_o this_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o cite_a definition_n of_o philosophy_n but_o in_o knowledge_n by_o sense_n the_o whole_a object_n be_v more_o know_v than_o any_o part_n thereof_o as_o when_o we_o see_v a_o man_n the_o conception_n or_o whole_a idea_n of_o that_o man_n be_v first_o or_o more_o know_v than_o the_o particular_a idea_n of_o his_o be_v figurate_a animate_v and_o rational_a that_o be_v we_o first_o see_v the_o whole_a man_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o be_v before_o we_o observe_v in_o he_o those_o other_o particular_n and_o therefore_o in_o any_o knowledge_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o that_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o our_o search_n be_v from_o the_o whole_a idea_n and_o contrary_o in_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o the_o science_n we_o have_v more_o knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o part_n then_o of_o the_o whole_a for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v compound_v of_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o part_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o know_v the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v compound_v before_o we_o can_v know_v the_o whole_a compound_v now_o by_o part_n i_o do_v not_o here_o mean_a part_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o but_o part_n of_o its_o nature_n as_o by_o the_o part_n of_o man_n i_o do_v not_o understand_v his_o head_n his_o shoulder_n his_o arm_n etc._n etc._n but_o his_o figure_n quantity_n motion_n sense_n reason_n and_o the_o like_a which_o accident_n be_v compound_v or_o put_v together_o constitute_v the_o whole_a nature_n of_o man_n but_o not_o the_o man_n himself_o and_o this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o common_a say_n namely_o that_o some_o thing_n be_v more_o know_v to_o we_o other_o more_o know_v to_o nature_n for_o i_o do_v not_o think_v that_o they_o which_o so_o distinguish_v mean_v that_o something_o be_v know_v to_o nature_n which_o be_v know_v to_o no_o man_n and_o therefore_o by_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v more_o know_v to_o we_o we_o be_v to_o understand_v thing_n we_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o by_o more_o know_v to_o nature_n those_o we_o acquire_v the_o knowledge_n of_o by_o reason_n for_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v that_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v those_o thing_n that_o have_v universal_a name_n which_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o call_v universal_a be_v more_o know_v to_o we_o then_o the_o part_n that_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o have_v name_n less_o universal_a which_o i_o therefore_o call_v singular_a and_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o part_n be_v more_o know_v to_o nature_n then_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v universall_n than_o singular_n 3_o in_o the_o study_n of_o philosophy_n man_n search_v after_o science_n either_o simple_o or_o
distance_n and_o the_o magnitude_n and_o splendour_n be_v see_v in_o more_o line_n and_o distance_n than_o one_o as_o it_o be_v in_o reflection_n or_o refraction_n than_o neither_o that_o splendour_n nor_o apparent_a magnitude_n be_v in_o the_o sun_n itself_o and_o therefore_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n can_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o that_o splendour_n and_o magnitude_n and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o air_n and_o other_o part_n will_v be_v reject_v till_o at_o last_o nothing_o remain_v which_o can_v be_v the_o subject_a of_o that_o splendour_n and_o magnitude_n but_o the_o sentient_n itself_o and_o this_o method_n in_o regard_n the_o subject_n be_v divide_v into_o part_n be_v analitycall_a and_o in_o regard_n the_o property_n both_o of_o the_o subject_a and_o accident_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o accident_n concern_v who_o subject_n the_o enquiry_n be_v make_v it_o be_v syntheticall_a 10_o but_o when_o we_o seek_v after_o the_o cause_n of_o any_o propound_a effect_n we_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n get_v into_o our_o mind_n a_o exact_a notion_n or_o idea_n of_o that_o which_o we_o call_v cause_n namely_o that_o a_o cause_n be_v the_o sum_n or_o aggregate_v of_o all_o such_o accident_n both_o in_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o patient_n as_o concur_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o the_o effect_v propound_v all_o which_o exist_v together_o it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n exi_v with_o they_o or_o that_o it_o can_v possible_o exist_v if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v absent_a this_o be_v know_v in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o must_v examine_v single_o every_o accident_n that_o accompany_v or_o praecede_v the_o effect_n as_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o conduce_v in_o any_o manner_n to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o same_o and_o see_v whether_o the_o propound_a effect_n may_v be_v conceive_v to_o exist_v without_o the_o existence_n of_o any_o of_o those_o accident_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n separate_v such_o accident_n as_o do_v not_o concur_v from_o such_o as_o concur_v to_o produce_v the_o say_a effect_n which_o be_v do_v we_o be_v to_o put_v together_o the_o concur_v accident_n and_o consider_v whether_o we_o can_v possible_o conceive_v that_o when_o these_o be_v all_o present_a the_o effect_v propound_v will_v not_o follow_v and_o if_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o effect_n will_v follow_v then_o that_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n be_v the_o entire_a cause_n otherwise_o not_o but_o we_o must_v still_o search_v out_o and_o put_v together_o other_o accident_n for_o example_n if_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n be_v propound_v to_o be_v seek_v out_o first_o we_o examine_v thing_n without_o we_o and_o find_v that_o whensoever_o light_n appear_v there_o be_v some_o principal_a object_n as_o it_o be_v the_o fountain_n of_o light_n without_o which_o we_o can_v have_v any_o perception_n of_o light_n and_o therefore_o the_o concurrence_n of_o that_o object_n be_v necessary_a to_o the_o generation_n of_o light_n next_o we_o consider_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o find_v that_o unless_o it_o be_v dispose_v in_o a_o certain_a manner_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v transparent_a though_o the_o object_n remain_v the_o same_o yet_o the_o effect_n will_v not_o follow_v and_o therefore_o the_o concurrence_n of_o transparency_n be_v also_o necessary_a to_o the_o generation_n of_o light_n three_o we_o observe_v our_o own_o body_n and_o find_v that_o by_o the_o indisposition_n of_o the_o eye_n the_o brain_n the_o nerve_n and_o the_o heart_n that_o be_v by_o obstruction_n stupidity_n and_o debility_n we_o be_v deprive_v of_o light_n so_o that_o a_o fit_a disposition_n of_o the_o organ_n to_o receive_v impression_n from_o without_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessary_a part_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n again_o of_o all_o the_o accident_n inhaerent_a in_o the_o object_n there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v conduce_v to_o the_o effect_n of_o light_n but_o only_a action_n or_o a_o certain_a motion_n which_o can_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v want_v whensoever_o the_o effect_n be_v present_a for_o that_o any_o thing_n may_v shine_v it_o be_v not_o requisite_a that_o it_o be_v of_o such_o or_o such_o magnitude_n or_o figure_n or_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o it_o be_v move_v out_o of_o the_o place_n it_o be_v in_o unless_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v say_v that_o in_o the_o sun_n or_o other_o body_n that_o which_o cause_v light_n be_v the_o light_n it_o have_v in_o itself_o which_o yet_o be_v but_o a_o trifle_a exception_n see_v nothing_o be_v mean_v thereby_o but_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n as_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v say_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o light_n be_v that_o in_o the_o sun_n which_o produce_v it_o it_o remain_v therefore_o that_o the_o action_n by_o which_o light_n be_v generate_v be_v motion_n only_o in_o the_o part_n of_o the_o object_n which_o be_v understand_v we_o may_v easy_o conceive_v what_o it_o be_v the_o medium_fw-la contribute_v namely_o the_o continuation_n of_o that_o motion_n to_o the_o eye_n and_o last_o what_o the_o eye_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o sentient_n contribute_v namely_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o same_o motion_n to_o the_o last_o organ_n of_o sense_n the_o heart_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o cause_n of_o light_n may_v be_v make_v up_o of_o motion_n continue_v from_o the_o original_a of_o the_o same_o motion_n to_o the_o original_a of_o vital_a motion_n light_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o alteration_n of_o vital_a motion_n make_v by_o the_o impression_n upon_o it_o of_o motion_n continue_v from_o the_o object_n but_o i_o give_v this_o only_a for_o a_o example_n for_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o at_o large_a of_o light_n and_o the_o generation_n of_o it_o in_o its_o proper_a place_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o search_n out_o of_o cause_n there_o be_v need_v partly_o of_o the_o analyticall_a and_o partly_o of_o the_o syntheticall_a method_n of_o the_o analyticall_a to_o 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all_o its_o angle_n together_o take_v be_v equal_a to_o two_o right_a angle_n and_o that_o by_o think_v of_o the_o same_o tacit_o without_o any_o use_n of_o word_n either_o understand_v or_o express_v and_o it_o shall_v happen_v afterward_o that_o another_o triangle_n unlike_o the_o former_a or_o the_o same_o in_o different_a situation_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o his_o consideration_n he_o will_v not_o know_v ready_o whether_o the_o same_o property_n be_v in_o this_o last_o or_o no_o but_o will_v be_v force_v as_o often_o as_o a_o different_a triangle_n be_v bring_v before_o he_o and_o the_o difference_n of_o triangle_n be_v infinite_a to_o begin_v his_o contemplation_n anew_o which_o he_o will_v have_v no_o need_n to_o do_v if_o he_o have_v the_o use_n of_o name_n for_o every_o universal_a name_n denote_v the_o conception_n we_o have_v of_o infinite_a singular_a thing_n nevertheless_o as_o i_o say_v above_o they_o serve_v as_o mark_v for_o the_o help_n of_o our_o memory_n whereby_o 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because_o they_o be_v principle_n can_v be_v demonstrate_v and_o see_v they_o be_v know_v by_o nature_n as_o be_v say_v above_o in_o the_o 5_o article_n they_o need_v no_o demonstration_n though_o they_o need_v explication_n the_o whole_a method_n therefore_o of_o demonstration_n be_v syntheticall_a consist_v of_o that_o order_n of_o speech_n which_o begin_v from_o primary_n or_o most_o universal_a proposition_n which_o be_v manifest_a of_o themselves_o and_o proceed_v by_o a_o perpetual_a composition_n of_o proposition_n into_o syllogism_n till_o at_o last_o the_o learner_n understand_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o conclusion_n seek_v after_o 13_o now_o such_o principle_n be_v nothing_o but_o definition_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n one_o of_o name_n that_o signify_v such_o thing_n as_o have_v some_o conceivable_a cause_n and_o another_o of_o such_o name_n as_o signify_v thing_n of_o which_o we_o can_v conceive_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o name_n of_o the_o former_a kind_n be_v 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of_o power_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o not_o of_o theorem_n which_o be_v speculation_n but_o of_o problem_n which_o belong_v to_o practice_n or_o the_o do_n of_o something_o but_o as_o for_o those_o common_a receive_a opinion_n nature_n abhor_v vanity_n nature_n do_v nothing_o in_o vain_a and_o the_o like_a which_o be_v neither_o evident_a in_o themselves_o nor_o at_o all_o to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o which_o be_v often_o false_a than_o true_a they_o be_v much_o less_o to_o be_v ackowledge_v for_o principle_n to_o return_v therefore_o to_o definition_n the_o reason_n why_o i_o say_v that_o the_o cause_n and_o generation_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v any_o cause_n or_o generation_n aught_o to_o enter_v into_o their_o definition_n be_v this_o the_o end_n of_o science_n be_v the_o demonstration_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o generation_n of_o thing_n which_o if_o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o definition_n they_o can_v be_v find_v in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o first_o syllogism_n 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what_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o definition_n itself_o and_o therefore_o one_o definition_n do_v as_o much_o as_o all_o the_o distinction_n how_o many_o soever_o that_o can_v be_v use_v about_o the_o name_n define_v second_o that_o it_o give_v a_o universal_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n define_v represent_v a_o certain_a universal_a picture_n thereof_o not_o to_o the_o eye_n but_o to_o the_o mind_n for_o as_o when_o one_o paint_v a_o man_n he_o paint_v the_o image_n of_o some_o man_n so_o he_o that_o define_v the_o name_n man_n make_v a_o representation_n of_o some_o man_n to_o the_o mind_n three_o that_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o dispute_v whether_o definition_n be_v to_o be_v admit_v or_o no._n for_o when_o a_o master_n be_v instruct_v his_o scholar_n if_o the_o scholar_n understand_v all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o thing_n define_v which_o be_v resolve_v in_o the_o definition_n and_o yet_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o the_o definition_n there_o need_v no_o further_a controversy_n betwixt_o they_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o be_v teach_v but_o if_o he_o understand_v nothing_o then_o certain_o the_o definition_n be_v faulty_a for_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o definition_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o it_o exhibit_v a_o clear_a idea_n of_o the_o thing_n define_v and_o principle_n be_v either_o know_v by_o themselves_o or_o else_o they_o be_v not_o principle_n four_o that_o in_o philosophy_n definition_n be_v before_o define_v name_n for_o in_o teach_v philosophy_n the_o first_o beginning_n be_v from_o definition_n and_o all_o progression_n in_o the_o same_o till_o we_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n compound_v be_v compositive_a see_v therefore_o definition_n be_v the_o explication_n of_o a_o compound_v name_n by_o resolution_n and_o the_o progression_n be_v from_o the_o part_n to_o the_o compound_n definition_n must_v be_v understand_v before_o compound_v name_n nay_o when_o
the_o earth_n be_v before_o the_o wind_n itself_o and_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v move_v before_o the_o wind_n be_v make_v than_o the_o wind_n can_v not_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o earth_n revolution_n but_o if_o the_o sun_n be_v move_v and_o the_o earth_n stand_v still_o than_o it_o be_v manifest_v the_o earth_n may_v remain_v unmoved_a notwithstanding_o that_o wind_n and_o therefore_o that_o motion_n be_v not_o make_v by_o the_o cause_n which_o he_o allege_v but_o parallogisme_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v very_o frequent_a among_o the_o writer_n of_o physic_n though_o none_o can_v be_v more_o elaborate_a than_o this_o in_o the_o example_n give_v 19_o it_o may_v to_o some_o man_n seem_v pertinent_a to_o treat_v in_o this_o place_n of_o that_o art_n of_o the_o geometrician_n which_o they_o call_v logistica_fw-la that_o be_v the_o art_n by_o which_o from_o suppose_v the_o thing_n in_o question_n to_o be_v true_a they_o proceed_v by_o ratiocination_n till_o either_o they_o come_v to_o something_o know_v by_o which_o they_o may_v demonstrate_v the_o truth_n of_o the_o thing_n seek_v for_o or_o to_o something_o which_o be_v impossible_a from_o whence_o they_o collect_v that_o to_o be_v false_a which_o they_o suppose_v true_a but_o this_o art_n can_v be_v explicate_v here_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o method_n of_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v practise_v nor_o understand_v unless_o by_o such_o as_o be_v well_o verse_v in_o geometry_n and_o among_o geomatrician_n themselves_o they_o that_o have_v most_o theorem_n in_o readiness_n be_v the_o most_o ready_a in_o the_o use_n of_o this_o logistica_fw-la so_o that_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o a_o distinct_a thing_n from_o geometry_n itself_o for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o method_n of_o it_o three_o part_n the_o first_o whereof_o consist_v in_o the_o find_n out_o of_o equality_n betwixt_o know_v and_o unknown_a thing_n which_o they_o call_v equation_n and_o this_o equation_n can_v be_v find_v out_o but_o by_o such_o as_o know_v perfect_o the_o nature_n property_n and_o transposition_n of_o proportion_n as_o also_o the_o addition_n substraction_n multiplication_n and_o division_n of_o line_n and_o superficies_n and_o the_o extraction_n of_o root_n which_o be_v the_o part_n of_o no_o mean_a geometrician_n the_o second_o be_v when_o a_o equation_n be_v find_v to_o be_v able_a to_o judge_v whether_o the_o truth_n or_o falsity_n of_o the_o question_n may_v be_v deduce_v from_o it_o or_o no_o which_o yet_o require_v great_a knowledge_n and_o the_o three_o be_v when_o such_o a_o equation_n be_v find_v as_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o solution_n of_o the_o question_n to_o know_v how_o to_o resolve_v the_o same_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o the_o truth_n or_o falsity_n may_v thereby_o manifest_o appear_v which_o in_o hard_a question_n can_v be_v do_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o crooked-lined_n figure_n but_o he_o that_o understand_v ready_o the_o nature_n and_o property_n of_o these_o be_v a_o complete_a geometrician_n it_o happen_v beside_o that_o for_o the_o find_v out_o of_o equation_n there_o be_v no_o certain_a method_n but_o he_o be_v best_o able_a to_o do_v it_o that_o have_v the_o best_a natural_a wit._n the_o first_o ground_n of_o philosophy_n chap._n vii_o of_o place_n and_o time_n 1_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o existence_n may_v nevertheless_o be_v under_o stand_v and_o compute_v 2_o what_o be_v space_n 3_o time_n 4_o part._n 5_o division_n 6_o one_o 7_o number_n 8_o composition_n 9_o the_o whole_a 10_o space_n and_o time_n contiguous_a and_o continual_a 11_o beginning_n end_v way_n finite_a infinite_a 12_o what_o be_v infinite_a in_o power_n nothing_o infinite_a can_v be_v true_o say_v to_o be_v either_o whole_a or_o one_o nor_o infinite_a space_n or_o time_n many_o 13_o division_n proceed_v not_o to_o the_o least_o 1_o in_o the_o teach_v of_o natural_a philosophy_n i_o can_v begin_v better_a as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v then_o from_o privation_n that_o be_v from_o feign_v the_o world_n to_o be_v annihilate_v but_o if_o such_o annihilation_n of_o all_o thing_n be_v suppose_v it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v ask_v what_o will_v remain_v for_o any_o man_n who_o only_o i_o except_v from_o this_o universal_a annihilation_n of_o thing_n to_o consider_v as_o the_o subject_a of_o philosophy_n or_o at_o all_o to_o reason_n upon_o or_o what_o to_o give_v name_n unto_o for_o ratiocination_n sake_n i_o say_v therefore_o there_o will_v remain_v to_o that_o man_n idea_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o all_o such_o body_n as_o he_o have_v before_o their_o annihilation_n see_v with_o his_o eye_n or_o perceive_v by_o any_o other_o sense_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o memory_n and_o imagination_n of_o magnitude_n motion_n sound_n colour_n etc._n etc._n as_o also_o of_o their_o order_n &_o part_n all_z w_z ch_z thing_n though_o they_o be_v nothing_o but_o idea_n &_o phantasm_n happen_v internal_o to_o he_o that_o imagine_v yet_o they_o will_v appear_v as_o if_o they_o be_v external_a and_o not_o at_o all_o depend_v upon_o any_o power_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o these_o be_v the_o thing_n to_o which_o he_o will_v give_v name_n and_o subtract_v they_o from_o and_o compound_v they_o with_o one_o another_o for_o see_v that_o after_o the_o destruction_n of_o all_o other_o thing_n i_o suppose_v man_n still_o remain_v and_o namely_o that_o he_o think_v imagine_v and_o remember_v there_o can_v be_v nothing_o for_o he_o to_o think_v of_o but_o what_o be_v past_a nay_o if_o we_o do_v but_o observe_v diligent_o what_o it_o be_v we_o do_v when_o we_o consider_v and_o reason_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o though_o all_o thing_n be_v still_o remain_v in_o the_o world_n yet_o we_o compute_v nothing_o but_o our_o own_o phantasm_n for_o when_o we_o calculate_v the_o magnitude_n and_o motion_n of_o heaven_n or_o earth_n we_o do_v not_o ascend_v into_o heaven_n that_o we_o may_v divide_v it_o into_o part_n or_o measure_v the_o motion_n thereof_o but_o we_o do_v it_o sit_v still_o in_o our_o closet_n or_o in_o the_o dark_a now_o thing_n may_v be_v consider_v that_o be_v be_v bring_v into_o account_n either_o as_o internal_a accident_n of_o our_o mind_n in_o which_o manner_n we_o consider_v they_o when_o the_o question_n be_v about_o some_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n or_o as_o species_n of_o external_a thing_n not_o as_o real_o exist_v but_o appear_v only_o to_o exist_v or_o to_o have_v a_o be_v without_o us._n and_o in_o this_o manner_n we_o be_v now_o to_o consider_v they_o 2_o if_o therefore_o we_o remember_v or_o have_v a_o phantasm_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v in_o the_o world_n before_o the_o suppose_a annihilation_n of_o the_o same_o and_o consider_v not_o that_o the_o thing_n be_v such_o or_o such_o but_o only_o that_o it_o have_v a_o be_v without_o the_o mind_n we_o have_v present_o a_o conception_n of_o that_o we_o call_v space_n a_o imaginary_a space_n indeed_o because_o a_o mere_a phantasm_n yet_o that_o very_a thing_n which_o all_o man_n call_v so_o for_o no_o man_n call_v it_o space_n for_o be_v already_o fill_v but_o because_o it_o may_v be_v fill_v nor_o do_v any_o man_n think_v body_n carry_v their_o place_n away_o with_o they_o but_o that_o the_o same_o space_n contain_v sometime_o one_o sometime_o another_o body_n which_o can_v not_o be_v if_o space_n shall_v always_o accompany_v the_o body_n which_o be_v once_o in_o it_o and_o this_o be_v of_o itself_o so_o manifest_a that_o i_o shall_v not_o think_v it_o need_v any_o explain_n at_o all_o but_o that_o i_o find_v space_n to_o be_v false_o define_v by_o certain_a philosopher_n who_o infer_v from_o thence_o one_o that_o the_o world_n be_v infinite_a for_o take_v space_n to_o be_v the_o extension_n of_o body_n and_o think_v extension_n may_v increase_v continual_o he_o infer_v that_o body_n may_v be_v infinite_o extend_v and_o another_o from_o the_o same_o definition_n conclude_v rash_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a even_o to_o god_n himself_o to_o create_v more_o world_n than_o one_o for_o if_o another_o world_n be_v to_o be_v create_v he_o say_v that_o see_v there_o be_v nothing_o without_o this_o world_n and_o therefore_o according_a to_o his_o definition_n no_o space_n that_o new_a world_n must_v be_v place_v in_o nothing_o but_o in_o nothing_o nothing_o can_v be_v place_v which_o he_o affirm_v only_a without_o show_v any_o reason_n for_o the_o same_o whereas_o the_o contrary_a be_v the_o truth_n for_o more_o can_v be_v put_v into_o a_o place_n already_o fill_v so_o much_o be_v empty_a space_n fit_a than_o that_o which_o be_v full_a for_o the_o receive_n of_o new_a body_n have_v therefore_o speak_v thus_o much_o for_o these_o man_n sake_n and_o for_o they_o that_o assent_n to_o they_o i_o return_v to_o my_o purpose_n and_o define_v space_n thus_o
end_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v that_o those_o axiom_n be_v not_o indemonstrable_a &_o therefore_o not_o principle_n of_o demonstration_n and_o from_o hence_o learn_v to_o be_v wary_a how_o he_o admit_v any_o thing_n for_o a_o principle_n which_o be_v not_o at_o least_o as_o evident_a as_o these_o be_v great_a be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o who_o part_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o whole_a of_o another_o now_o if_o we_o suppose_v any_o whole_a to_o be_v a_o and_o a_o part_n of_o it_o to_o be_v b_o seeing_z the_o whole_a b_o be_v equal_a to_o itself_o and_o the_o same_o b_o be_v a_o part_n of_o a_o therefore_o a_o part_n of_o a_o will_v be_v equal_a to_o the_o whole_a b._n wherefore_o by_o the_o definition_n above_o a_o be_v great_a than_o b_o which_o be_v to_o be_v prove_v chap._n ix_o of_o cause_n and_o effect_n 1_o action_n and_o passion_n what_o they_o be_v 2_o action_n and_o passion_n mediate_v and_o immediate_a 3_o cause_n simple_o take_v cause_o without_o which_o no_o effect_n follow_v or_o cause_o necessary_a by_o supposition_n 4_o cause_n efficient_a and_o material_a 5_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v always_o sufficient_a to_o produce_v its_o effect_n at_o the_o same_o instant_n that_o the_o cause_n be_v entire_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v every_o effect_n have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n 6_o the_o generation_n of_o effect_n be_v continual_a what_o be_v the_o beginning_n in_o causation_n 7_o no_o cause_n of_o motion_n but_o in_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v 8_o the_o same_o agent_n and_o patient_n if_o alike_o dispose_v produce_v like_o effect_n though_o at_o different_a time_n 9_o all_o mutation_n be_v motion_n 10_o contingent_a accident_n what_o they_o be_v 1_o a_o body_n be_v say_v to_o work_n upon_o or_o act_n that_o be_v to_o say_v do_v some_o thing_n to_o another_o body_n when_o it_o either_o generate_v or_o destroy_v some_o accident_n in_o it_o and_o the_o body_n in_o which_o a_o accident_n be_v generate_v or_o destroy_v be_v say_v to_o suffer_v that_o be_v to_o have_v something_o do_v to_o it_o by_o another_o body_n as_o when_o one_o body_n by_o put_v forward_o another_o body_n generate_v motion_n in_o it_o it_o be_v call_v the_o agent_n and_o the_o body_n in_o which_o motion_n be_v so_o generate_v be_v call_v the_o patient_n so_o fire_n that_o warm_v the_o hand_n be_v the_o agent_n and_o the_o hand_n which_o be_v warm_v be_v the_o patient_n that_o accident_n which_o be_v generate_v in_o the_o patient_n be_v call_v the_o effect_n 2_o when_o a_o agent_n and_o patient_n be_v contiguous_a to_o one_o another_o their_o action_n and_o reason_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v immediate_a otherwise_o mediate_v and_o when_o another_o body_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n be_v contiguous_a to_o they_o both_o it_o be_v then_o itself_o both_o a_o agent_n and_o a_o patient_n a_o agent_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n next_o after_o it_o upon_o which_o it_o work_v and_o a_o patient_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o body_n next_o before_o it_o from_o which_o it_o suffer_v also_o if_o many_o body_n be_v so_o order_v that_o every_o two_o which_o be_v next_o to_o one_o another_o be_v contiguous_a than_o all_o those_o that_o be_v betwixt_o the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o be_v both_o agent_n and_o patient_n and_o the_o first_o be_v a_o agent_n only_o and_o the_o last_o a_o patient_n only_o 3_o a_o agent_n be_v understand_v to_o produce_v its_o determine_a or_o certain_a effect_n in_o the_o patient_n according_a to_o some_o certain_a accident_n or_o accident_n with_o which_o both_o it_o and_o the_o patient_n be_v affect_v that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o agent_n have_v its_o effect_n precise_o such_o not_o because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o such_o a_o body_n or_o so_o move_v for_o otherwise_o all_o agent_n see_v they_o be_v all_o body_n alike_o will_v produce_v like_o effect_n in_o all_o patient_n and_o therefore_o the_o fire_n for_o example_n do_v not_o warm_a because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o it_o be_v hot_a nor_o do_v one_o body_n put_v forward_o another_o body_n because_o it_o be_v a_o body_n but_o because_o it_o be_v move_v into_o the_o place_n of_o that_o other_o body_n the_o cause_n therefore_o of_o all_o effect_n consist_v in_o certain_a accident_n both_o in_o the_o agent_n and_o in_o the_o patient_n which_o when_o they_o be_v all_o present_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v but_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v want_v it_o be_v not_o produce_v and_o that_o accident_n either_o of_o the_o agent_n or_o patient_n without_o which_o the_o effect_n can_v be_v produce_v be_v call_v causa_fw-la sine_fw-la qua_fw-la non_fw-la or_o cause_o necessary_a by_o supposition_n as_o also_o the_o cause_n requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n but_o a_o cause_n simple_o or_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o accident_n both_o of_o the_o agent_n how_o many_o soever_o they_o be_v and_o of_o the_o patient_n put_v together_o which_o when_o they_o be_v all_o suppose_a to_o be_v present_a it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n and_o if_o any_o one_o of_o they_o be_v want_v it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n be_v not_o produce_v 4_o the_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n in_o the_o agent_n or_o agent_n requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v be_v call_v the_o efficient_a cause_n thereof_o and_o the_o aggregate_v of_o accident_n in_o the_o patient_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v be_v usual_o call_v the_o material_a cause_n i_o say_v the_o effect_n be_v produce_v for_o where_o there_o be_v no_o effect_n there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v a_o cause_n where_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o can_v be_v call_v a_o effect_n but_o the_o efficient_a and_o material_a cause_n be_v both_o but_o partial_a cause_n or_o part_n of_o that_o cause_n which_o in_o the_o next_o precedent_n article_n i_o call_v a_o entire_a cause_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o effect_v we_o expect_v though_o the_o agent_n be_v not_o defective_a on_o their_o part_n may_v nevertheless_o be_v frustrate_v by_o a_o defect_n in_o the_o patient_n and_o when_o the_o patient_n be_v sufficient_a by_o a_o defect_n in_o the_o agent_n 5_o a_o entire_a cause_n be_v always_o sufficient_a for_o the_o production_n of_o its_o effect_n if_o the_o effect_v be_v at_o all_o possible_a for_o let_v any_o effect_n whatsoever_o be_v propound_v to_o be_v produce_v if_o the_o same_o be_v produce_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o cause_n which_o produce_v it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a cause_n but_o if_o it_o be_v not_o produce_v and_o yet_o be_v possible_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o something_o be_v want_v either_o in_o some_o agent_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n without_o which_o it_o can_v not_o be_v produce_v that_o be_v that_o some_o accident_n be_v want_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o its_o production_n and_o therefore_o that_o cause_n be_v not_o entire_a which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v suppose_v it_o follow_v also_o from_o hence_o that_o in_o whatsoever_o instant_n the_o cause_n be_v entire_a in_o the_o same_o instant_n the_o effect_n be_v produce_v for_o if_o it_o be_v not_o produce_v something_o be_v still_o want_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o the_o cause_n be_v not_o entire_a as_o be_v suppose_v and_o see_v a_o necessary_a cause_n be_v define_v to_o be_v that_o which_o be_v suppose_v the_o effect_n can_v but_o follow_v this_o also_o may_v be_v collect_v that_o whatsoever_o effect_n be_v produce_v at_o any_o time_n the_o same_o be_v produce_v by_o a_o necessary_a cause_n for_o whatsoever_o be_v produce_v in_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v produce_v have_v a_o entire_a cause_n that_o be_v have_v all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v suppose_v it_o can_v be_v understand_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n follow_v that_o be_v it_o have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n it_o may_v be_v show_v that_o whatsoever_o effect_n be_v hereafter_o to_o be_v produce_v shall_v have_v a_o necessary_a cause_n so_o that_o all_o the_o effect_n that_o have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v produce_v have_v their_o ne_n cessity_n in_o thing_n antecedent_n 6_o and_o from_o this_o that_o whensoever_o the_o cause_n be_v entire_a the_o effect_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o same_o instant_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o causation_n and_o the_o production_n of_o effect_n consist_v in_o a_o certain_a continual_a progress_n so_o that_o as_o there_o be_v a_o continual_a mutation_n in_o the_o agent_n or_o agent_n by_o the_o work_n of_o other_o agent_n upon_o they_o so_o also_o the_o patient_n upon_o
which_o they_o work_v be_v continual_o alter_v and_o change_v for_o example_n as_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n increase_v more_o and_o more_o so_o also_o the_o effect_n thereof_o namely_o the_o heat_n of_o such_o body_n as_o be_v next_o to_o it_o &_o again_o of_o such_o other_o body_n as_o be_v next_o to_o they_o increase_v more_o &_o more_o according_o which_o be_v already_o no_o little_a argument_n that_o all_o mutation_n consist_v in_o motion_n only_o the_o truth_n whereof_o shall_v be_v further_o demonstrate_v in_o the_o nine_o article_n but_o in_o this_o progress_n of_o causation_n that_o be_v of_o action_n and_o passion_n if_o any_o man_n comprehend_v in_o his_o imagination_n a_o part_n thereof_o and_o divide_v the_o same_o into_o part_n the_o first_o part_n or_o beginning_n of_o it_o can_v be_v consider_v otherwise_o then_o as_o action_n or_o cause_n for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v consider_v as_o effect_v or_o passion_n than_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o consider_v something_o before_o it_o for_o its_o cause_n or_o action_n which_o can_v be_v for_o nothing_o can_v be_v before_o the_o beginning_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o last_o part_n be_v consider_v only_o as_o effect_v for_o it_o can_v be_v call_v cause_n if_o nothing_o follow_v it_o but_o after_o the_o last_o nothing_o follow_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o action_n the_o beginning_n and_o cause_n be_v take_v for_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o every_o one_o of_o the_o intermediate_v part_n be_v both_o action_n and_o passion_n and_o cause_n and_o effect_v according_a as_o they_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o antecedent_n or_o subsequent_a part_n 7_o there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n except_o in_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v for_o let_v there_o be_v any_o two_o body_n which_o be_v not_o contiguous_a and_o betwixt_o which_o the_o intermediate_v space_n be_v empty_a or_o if_o fill_v fill_v with_o another_o body_n which_o be_v at_o rest_n and_o let_v one_o of_o the_o propound_a body_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v at_o rest_n i_o say_v it_o shall_v always_o be_v at_o rest._n for_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v move_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n by_o the_o 8_o chapter_n 19_o article_n will_v be_v in_o some_o external_a body_n and_o therefore_o if_o between_o it_o and_o that_o external_a body_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o empty_a space_n than_o whatsoever_o the_o disposition_n be_v of_o that_o external_a body_n or_o of_o the_o patient_n itself_o yet_o if_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v now_o at_o rest_n we_o may_v conceive_v it_o will_v continue_v so_o till_o it_o be_v touch_v by_o some_o other_o body_n but_o see_v cause_n by_o the_o definition_n be_v the_o aggregate_v of_o all_o such_o accident_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v present_a it_o can_v be_v conceive_v but_o that_o the_o effect_n will_v follow_v those_o accident_n which_o be_v either_o in_o external_a body_n or_o in_o the_o patient_n itself_o can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o future_a motion_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n see_v we_o may_v conceive_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v at_o rest_n will_v still_o be_v at_o rest_n though_o it_o be_v touch_v by_o some_o other_o body_n except_o that_o other_o body_n be_v move_v therefore_o in_o a_o contiguous_a body_n which_o be_v at_o rest_n there_o can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n wherefore_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o motion_n in_o any_o body_n except_o it_o be_v contiguous_a and_o move_v the_o same_o reason_n may_v serve_v to_o prove_v that_o whatsoever_o be_v move_v will_v always_o be_v move_v on_o in_o the_o same_o way_n and_o with_o the_o same_o velocity_n except_o it_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o other_o contiguous_a and_o move_v body_n and_o consequent_o that_o no_o body_n either_o when_o they_o be_v at_o rest_n or_o when_o there_o be_v a_o interposition_n of_o vacuum_n can_v generate_v or_o extinguish_v or_o lesson_n motion_n in_o other_o body_n there_o be_v one_o that_o have_v write_v that_o thing_n move_v be_v more_o resist_v by_o thing_n at_o rest_n then_o by_o thing_n contrary_o move_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o he_o conceive_v motion_n not_o to_o be_v so_o contrary_a to_o motion_n as_o rest._n that_o which_o deceive_v he_o be_v that_o the_o word_n rest_v and_o motion_n be_v but_o contradictory_n name_n whereas_o motion_n indeed_o be_v not_o resist_v by_o rest_n but_o by_o contrary_a motion_n 8_o but_o if_o a_o body_n work_v upon_o another_o body_n at_o one_o time_n and_o afterward_o the_o same_o body_n work_v upon_o the_o same_o body_n at_o another_o time_n so_o that_o both_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n and_o all_o their_o part_n be_v in_o all_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v and_o there_o be_v no_o difference_n except_o only_o in_o time_n that_o be_v that_o one_o action_n be_v former_a the_o other_o late_a in_o time_n it_o be_v manifest_a of_o itself_o that_o the_o effect_n will_v be_v equal_a and_o like_a as_o not_o differ_v in_o any_o thing_n beside_o time_n and_o as_o effect_n themselves_o proceed_v from_o their_o cause_n so_o the_o diversity_n of_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o diversity_n of_o their_o cause_n also_o 9_o this_o be_v true_a it_o be_v necessary_a that_o mutation_n can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o that_o body_n which_o be_v change_v for_o first_o we_o do_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n be_v change_v but_o that_o which_o appear_v to_o our_o sense_n otherwise_o than_o it_o appear_v former_o second_o both_o those_o appearance_n be_v effect_n produce_v in_o the_o sentient_a &_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v different_a it_o be_v necessary_a by_o the_o precede_a article_n that_o either_o some_o part_n of_o the_o agent_n which_o be_v former_o at_o rest_n be_v now_o move_v and_o so_o the_o mutation_n consist_v in_o this_o motion_n or_o some_o part_n which_o be_v former_o move_v be_v now_o otherwise_o move_v and_o so_o also_o the_o mutation_n consist_v in_o this_o new_a motion_n or_o which_o be_v former_o move_v be_v now_o at_o rest_n which_o as_o i_o have_v show_v above_o can_v come_v to_o pass_v without_o motion_n and_o so_o again_o mutation_n be_v motion_n or_o last_o it_o happen_v in_o some_o of_o these_o manner_n to_o the_o patient_n or_o some_o of_o its_o part_n so_o that_o mutation_n howsoever_o it_o be_v make_v will_v consist_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n either_o of_o the_o body_n which_o be_v perceive_v or_o of_o the_o sentient_a body_n or_o of_o both_o mutation_n therefore_o be_v motion_n namely_o of_o the_o part_n either_o of_o the_o agent_n or_o of_o the_o patient_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v and_o to_o this_o it_o be_v consequent_a that_o rest_n can_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o any_o thing_n nor_o can_v any_o action_n proceed_v from_o it_o see_v neither_o motion_n nor_o mutation_n can_v be_v cause_v by_o it_o 10_o accident_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o accident_n which_o precede_v they_o or_o be_v before_o they_o in_o time_n &_o upon_o which_o they_o do_v not_o depend_v as_o upon_o their_o cause_n be_v call_v contingent_a accident_n i_o say_v in_o respect_n of_o those_o accident_n by_o which_o they_o be_v not_o generate_v for_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o cause_n all_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v with_o equal_a necessity_n for_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v no_o cause_n at_o all_o which_o of_o thing_n generate_v be_v not_o intelligible_a chap._n x._o of_o power_n and_o act._n 1_o power_n and_o cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n 2_o a_o act_n be_v produce_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n in_o which_o the_o power_n be_v plenary_a 3_o active_a and_o passive_a power_n be_v part_n only_o of_o plenary_a power_n 4_o a_o act_n when_o say_v to_o be_v possible_a 5_o a_o act_n necessary_a and_o contingent_a what_o 6_o active_a power_n consist_v in_o motion_n 7_o cause_v formal_n and_o final_a what_o they_o be_v 1correspondent_a to_o cause_n and_o effect_n be_v power_n and_o act_n nay_o those_o and_o these_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n though_o for_o divers_a consideration_n they_o have_v divers_a name_n forwhensoever_o any_o agent_n have_v all_o those_o accident_n which_o be_v necessary_o requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o some_o effect_n in_o the_o patient_n than_o we_o say_v that_o agent_n have_v power_n to_o produce_v that_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o patient_n but_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n those_o accident_n constitute_v the_o efficient_a cause_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o accident_n which_o constitute_v the_o efficient_a cause_n constitute_v also_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n wherefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o the_o efficient_a cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o they_o be_v consider_v with_o this_o difference_n that_o cause_o be_v so_o call_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o effect_n already_o
produce_v and_o power_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o same_o effect_n to_o be_v produce_v hereafter_o so_o that_o cause_o respect_v the_o past_a power_n the_o future_a time_n also_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n be_v that_o which_o be_v common_o call_v active_a power_n in_o like_a manner_n whensoever_o any_o patient_n have_v all_o those_o accident_n which_o it_o be_v requisite_a it_o shall_v have_v for_o the_o production_n of_o some_o effect_n in_o it_o we_o say_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o that_o patient_n to_o produce_v that_o effect_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o fit_a agent_n but_o those_o accident_n as_o be_v define_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n constitute_v the_o material_a cause_n and_o therefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o patient_n common_o call_v passive_a power_n and_o material_a cause_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n but_o with_o this_o different_a consideration_n that_o in_o cause_n the_o past_a time_n and_o in_o power_n the_o future_a be_v respect_v wherefore_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n together_o which_o may_v be_v call_v entire_a or_o plenary_a power_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o entire_a cause_n for_o they_o both_o consist_v in_o the_o sum_n or_o aggregate_v of_o all_o the_o accident_n as_o well_o in_o the_o agent_n as_o in_o the_o patient_n which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n last_o as_o the_o accident_n produce_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n call_v a_o effect_n so_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o power_n it_o be_v call_v a_o act._n 2_o as_o therefore_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v in_o the_o same_o instant_n in_o which_o the_o cause_n be_v entire_a so_o also_o every_o act_n that_o may_v be_v produce_v be_v produce_v in_o the_o same_o instant_n in_o which_o the_o power_n be_v plenary_a and_o as_o there_o can_v be_v no_o effect_n but_o from_o a_o sufficient_a and_o necessary_a cause_n so_o also_o no_o act_n can_v be_v produce_v but_o by_o sufficient_a power_n or_o that_o power_n by_o which_o it_o can_v not_o but_o be_v produce_v 3_o and_o as_o it_o be_v manifest_a as_o i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o efficient_a and_o material_a cause_n be_v several_o and_o by_o themselves_o part_v only_o of_o a_o entire_a cause_n and_o can_v produce_v any_o effect_n but_o by_o be_v join_v together_o so_o also_o power_n active_a and_o passive_a be_v part_n only_o of_o plenary_a and_o entire_a power_n nor_o except_o they_o be_v join_v can_v any_o act_n proceed_v from_o they_o and_o therefore_o these_o power_n as_o i_o say_v in_o the_o first_o article_n be_v but_o conditional_a namely_o the_o agent_n have_v power_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o patient_n and_o the_o patient_n have_v power_n if_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o agent_n otherwise_o neither_o of_o they_o have_v power_n nor_o can_v the_o accident_n which_o be_v in_o they_o several_o be_v proper_o call_v power_n nor_o any_o action_n be_v say_v to_o be_v possible_a for_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n alone_o or_o of_o the_o patient_n alone_o 4_o for_o that_o be_v a_o impossible_a act_n for_o the_o production_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o power_n plenary_a for_o see_v plenary_a power_n be_v that_o in_o which_o all_o thing_n concur_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o a_o act_n if_o the_o power_n shall_v never_o be_v plenary_a there_o will_v always_o be_v want_v some_o of_o those_o thing_n without_o which_o the_o act_n can_v be_v produce_v wherefore_o that_o act_n shall_v never_o be_v produce_v that_o be_v that_o act_n be_v impossible_a and_o every_o act_n which_o be_v not_o impossible_a be_v possible_a every_o act_n therefore_o which_o be_v possible_a shall_v at_o some_o time_n be_v produce_v for_o if_o it_o shall_v never_o be_v produce_v than_o those_o thing_n shall_v never_o concur_v which_o be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o it_o wherefore_o that_o act_n be_v impossible_a by_o the_o definition_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o be_v suppose_v 5_o a_o necessary_a act_n be_v that_o the_o production_n whereof_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o hinder_v and_o therefore_o every_o act_n that_o shall_v be_v produce_v shall_v necessary_o be_v produce_v for_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v produce_v be_v impossible_a because_o as_o be_v already_o demonstrate_v every_o possible_a act_n shall_v at_o some_o time_n be_v produce_v nay_o this_o proposition_n what_o shall_v be_v shall_v be_v be_v as_o necessary_a a_o proposition_n as_o this_o a_o man_n be_v a_o man._n but_o here_o perhaps_o some_o man_n may_v ask_v whether_o those_o future_a thing_n which_o be_v common_o call_v contingent_n be_v necessary_a i_o say_v therefore_o that_o general_o all_o contingent_n have_v their_o necessary_a cause_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n but_o be_v call_v contingent_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o event_n upon_o which_o they_o do_v not_o depend_v as_o the_o rain_n which_o shall_v be_v to_o morrow_n shall_v be_v necessary_o that_o be_v from_o necessary_a cause_n but_o we_o think_v and_o say_v it_o happen_v by_o chance_n because_o we_o do_v not_o yet_o perceive_v the_o cause_n thereof_o though_o they_o exist_v now_o for_o man_n common_o call_v that_o casual_a or_o contingent_a whereof_o they_o do_v not_o perceive_v the_o necessary_a cause_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o use_v to_o speak_v of_o thing_n past_a when_o not_o know_v whether_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v or_o no_o they_o say_v it_o be_v possible_a it_o never_o be_v do_v wherefore_o all_o proposition_n concern_v future_a thing_n contingent_a or_o not_o contingent_a as_o this_o it_o will_v rain_v to_o morrow_n or_o this_o to_o morrow_n the_o sun_n will_v rise_v be_v either_o necessary_o true_a or_o necessary_o false_a but_o we_o call_v they_o contingent_a because_o we_o do_v not_o yet_o know_v whether_o they_o be_v true_a or_o false_a whereas_o their_o verity_n depend_v not_o upon_o our_o knowledge_n but_o upon_o the_o forego_n of_o their_o cause_n but_o there_o be_v some_o who_o though_o they_o confess_v this_o whole_a proposition_n to_o morrow_n it_o will_v either_o rain_n or_o not_o rain_n to_o be_v true_a yet_o they_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v the_o part_n of_o it_o as_o to_z morrow_n it_o will_v rain_v or_o to_o morrow_n it_o will_v not_o rain_v to_o be_v either_o of_o they_o true_a by_o itself_o because_o they_o say_v neither_o this_o nor_o that_o be_v true_a determinate_o but_o what_o be_v this_o determinate_o true_a but_o true_a upon_o our_o knowledge_n or_o evident_o true_a and_o therefore_o they_o say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v true_a or_o no_o but_o they_o say_v it_o more_o obscure_o and_o darken_v the_o evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n with_o the_o same_o word_n with_o which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o hide_v their_o own_o ignorance_n 6_o in_o the_o 9th_o article_n of_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n i_o have_v show_v that_o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o all_o motion_n and_o mutation_n consist_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o agent_n or_o agent_n and_o in_o the_o first_o article_n of_o this_o chapter_n that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o the_o efficient_a cause_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v understand_v that_o all_o active_a power_n consist_v in_o motion_n also_o and_o that_o power_n be_v not_o a_o certain_a accident_n which_o differ_v from_o all_o act_n but_o be_v indeed_o a_o act_n namely_o motion_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v power_n because_o another_o act_n shall_v be_v produce_v by_o it_o afterward_o for_o example_n if_o of_o three_o body_n the_o first_o put_v forward_o the_o second_o and_o this_o the_o three_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o second_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o first_o which_o produce_v it_o be_v the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o body_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o three_o it_o be_v the_o active_a power_n of_o the_o same_o second_o body_n 7_o the_o writer_n of_o metaphysic_n reckon_v up_o two_o other_o cause_n beside_o the_o efficient_a and_o material_a namely_o the_o essence_n which_o some_o call_v the_o formal_a cause_n and_o the_o end_n or_o final_a cause_n both_o which_o be_v nevertheless_o efficient_a cause_n for_o when_o it_o be_v say_v the_o essence_n of_o a_o thing_n be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o as_o to_o be_v rational_a be_v the_o cause_n of_o man_n it_o be_v not_o intelligible_a for_o it_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o man_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o man_n which_o be_v not_o well_o say_v and_o yet_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o if_o i_o first_o know_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v rational_a i_o know_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o same_o be_v man_n but_o this_o be_v no_o
uniform_o the_o straight_a line_n p_o c._n seeing_n therefore_o the_o two_o straight_a line_n a_o p_o and_o p_o c_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o time_n a_o e_o with_o the_o same_o increase_n of_o impetus_fw-la wherewith_o the_o crooked_a line_n a_o b_o c_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o same_o time_n a_o e_o that_o be_v see_v the_o line_n a_o p_o c_o and_o the_o line_n a_o b_o c_o be_v transmit_v by_o the_o same_o body_n in_o the_o same_o time_n &_o with_o equal_a velocity_n the_o line_n themselves_o be_v equal_a which_o be_v to_o be_v demonstrate_v by_o the_o same_o method_n if_o any_o of_o the_o semiparabolaster_n in_o the_o table_n of_o the_o 3d_o article_n of_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n be_v exhibit_v may_v be_v find_v a_o straight_a line_n equal_a to_o the_o crooked_a line_n thereof_o namely_o by_o divide_v the_o diameter_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o proceed_v as_o before_o yet_o no_o man_n hitherto_o have_v compare_v any_o crooked_a with_o any_o straight_a line_n though_o many_o geometrician_n of_o every_o age_n have_v endeavour_v it_o but_o the_o cause_n why_o they_o have_v not_o do_v it_o may_v be_v this_o that_o there_o be_v in_o euclid_n no_o definition_n of_o equality_n nor_o any_o mark_n by_o which_o to_o judge_v of_o it_o beside_o congruity_n which_o be_v the_o 8_o axiom_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o element_n a_o thing_n of_o no_o use_n at_o all_o in_o the_o compare_v of_o straight_a and_o crooked_a and_o other_o after_o euclid_n except_o archimedes_n and_o apollonius_n and_o in_o our_o time_n boâ—aâ—entura_n think_v the_o industry_n of_o the_o ancient_n have_v reach_v to_o all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o geometry_n think_v also_o that_o all_o that_o can_v be_v propound_v be_v either_o to_o be_v deduce_v from_o what_o they_o have_v write_v or_o else_o that_o it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o be_v do_v it_o be_v therefore_o dispute_v by_o some_o of_o those_o ancient_n themselves_o whether_o there_o may_v be_v any_o equality_n at_o all_o between_o crooked_a and_o straight_a line_n which_o question_n archimedes_n who_o assume_v that_o some_o straight_a lineâ—_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o circle_n seem_v to_o have_v despise_v as_o he_o have_v reason_n and_o there_o be_v a_o late_a writer_n that_o grant_v that_o between_o a_o straight_a and_o a_o crooked_a line_n there_o be_v equality_n but_o now_o now_o say_v he_o since_o the_o fall_n of_o adam_n without_o the_o special_a assistance_n of_o divine_a grace_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v chap._n xix_o of_o angle_n of_o incidence_n and_o reflection_n equal_a by_o supposition_n 1_o if_o two_o straight_a line_n fall_v upon_o another_o straight_a line_n be_v parallel_n the_o line_n reflect_v from_o they_o shall_v also_o be_v parallel_n 2_o if_o two_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n fall_v upon_o another_o straight_a line_n the_o line_n reflect_v from_o they_o if_o they_o be_v draw_v out_o the_o other_o way_n will_v meâ—t_v in_o a_o angle_n equal_a to_o the_o angle_n make_v by_o the_o line_n of_o incidence_n 3_o if_o two_o straight_a parallel_n line_n draw_v not_o opposite_o but_o from_o the_o same_o part_n fall_v upon_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o circle_n the_o line_n reflect_v from_o they_o if_o produce_v they_o meet_v within_o the_o circle_n will_v make_v a_o angle_n double_a to_o that_o which_o be_v make_v by_o two_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o point_n of_o incidence_n 4_o if_o two_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o same_o point_n without_o a_o circle_n fall_v upon_o the_o circumference_n and_o the_o line_n reflect_v from_o they_o be_v produce_v meet_v within_o the_o circle_n they_o will_v make_v a_o angle_n equal_a to_o twice_o that_o angle_n which_o be_v make_v by_o two_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o point_n of_o incidence_n together_o with_o the_o angle_n which_o the_o incident_a line_n themselves_o make_v 5_o if_o two_o straight_a line_n draw_v from_o one_o point_n fall_v upon_o the_o concave_a circumference_n of_o a_o circle_n and_o the_o angle_n they_o make_v be_v less_o than_o twice_o the_o angle_n at_o the_o centre_n the_o line_n reflect_v from_o they_o and_o meet_v within_o the_o circle_n will_v make_v a_o angle_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o incident_a line_n will_v be_v equal_a to_o twice_o the_o angle_n at_o the_o centre_n 6_o if_o through_o any_o one_o point_n two_o unequal_a chord_n be_v draw_v cut_v one_o another_o and_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n be_v not_o place_v between_o they_o and_o the_o line_n reflect_v from_o they_o concur_v wheresoever_o there_o can_v through_o the_o point_n through_o which_o the_o two_o former_a line_n be_v draw_v be_v draw_v any_o other_o straight_o line_n who_o reflect_a line_n shall_v pass_v through_o the_o common_a point_n of_o the_o two_o former_a line_n reflect_v 7_o in_o equal_a chord_n the_o same_o be_v not_o true_a 8_o two_o point_n be_v give_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o circle_n to_o draw_v two_o straight_a line_n to_o they_o so_o as_o that_o their_o reflect_a line_n may_v contain_v any_o angle_n give_v 9_o if_o a_o straight_a line_n fall_v upon_o the_o circumference_n of_o a_o circle_n be_v produce_v till_o it_o reach_v the_o semidiameter_n and_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v intercept_v between_o the_o circumference_n and_o the_o semidiameter_n be_v equal_a to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o semidiameter_n which_o be_v between_o the_o point_n of_o concourse_n &_o the_o centre_n the_o reflect_a line_n will_v be_v parallel_n to_o the_o semidiameter_n 10_o if_o from_o a_o point_n within_o a_o circle_n two_o straight_a line_n be_v draw_v to_o the_o circumference_n and_o their_o reflect_a line_n meet_v in_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o same_o circle_n the_o angle_n make_v by_o the_o reflect_a line_n will_v be_v a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o angle_n make_v by_o the_o incident_a line_n whether_o a_o body_n fall_v upon_o the_o superficies_n of_o another_o body_n and_o be_v reflect_v from_o it_o do_v make_v equal_a angle_n at_o that_o superficies_n it_o belong_v not_o to_o this_o place_n to_o dispute_v be_v a_o knowledge_n which_o depend_v upon_o the_o natural_a cause_n of_o reflection_n of_o which_o hitherto_o nothing_o have_v be_v say_v but_o shall_v be_v speak_v of_o hereafter_o in_o this_o place_n therefore_o let_v it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o angle_n of_o incidence_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o angle_n of_o reflection_n that_o our_o present_a search_n may_v be_v apply_v not_o to_o the_o find_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n but_o some_o consequence_n of_o the_o same_o i_o call_v a_o angle_n of_o incidence_n that_o which_o be_v make_v between_o a_o straight_a line_n and_o another_o line_n straight_o or_o crooked_a upon_o which_o it_o fall_v and_o which_o i_o call_v the_o line_n reflect_v and_o a_o angle_n of_o reflection_n equal_a to_o it_o that_o which_o be_v make_v at_o the_o same_o point_n 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by_o true_a ratiocination_n from_o knowledge_n first_o have_v of_o their_o cause_n and_o generation_n and_o of_o such_o cause_n or_o generation_n as_o may_v be_v from_o former_a knowledge_n of_o their_o effect_n or_o appearance_n there_o be_v therefore_o two_o method_n of_o philosophy_n one_o from_o the_o generation_n of_o thing_n to_o their_o possible_a effect_n and_o the_o other_o from_o their_o effect_n or_o appearance_n to_o some_o possible_a generation_n of_o the_o same_o in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o our_o ratiocination_n namely_o definition_n be_v make_v and_o constitute_v by_o ourselves_o while_o we_o consent_v and_o agree_v about_o the_o appellation_n of_o thing_n and_o this_o part_n i_o have_v finish_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n in_o which_o if_o i_o be_o not_o deceive_v i_o have_v affirm_v nothing_o save_v the_o definition_n themselves_o which_o have_v not_o good_a coherence_n with_o the_o definition_n i_o have_v give_v that_o be_v to_o say_v which_o be_v not_o sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o all_o those_o that_o agree_v with_o i_o in_o the_o use_n of_o word_n and_o appellation_n for_o who_o sake_n only_o i_o have_v write_v the_o same_o i_o now_o enter_v upon_o the_o other_o part_n which_o be_v the_o find_v out_o by_o the_o appearance_n or_o effect_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o know_v by_o sense_n some_o way_n and_o mean_n by_o which_o they_o may_v be_v i_o do_v not_o say_v they_o be_v generate_v the_o principle_n therefore_o upon_o which_o the_o follow_a discourse_n depend_v be_v not_o such_o as_o we_o ourselves_o make_v and_o pronounce_v in_o general_a term_n as_o definition_n but_o such_o as_o be_v place_v in_o the_o thing_n themselves_o by_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n be_v by_o we_o observe_v in_o they_o and_o we_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o single_a and_o particular_a not_o universal_a proposition_n nor_o do_v they_o impose_v upon_o we_o any_o necessity_n of_o constitute_a theorem_n their_o use_n be_v only_o though_o not_o without_o such_o general_a proposition_n as_o have_v be_v already_o demonstrate_v to_o show_v we_o the_o possibility_n of_o some_o production_n or_o generation_n see_v therefore_o the_o science_n which_o be_v here_o teach_v have_v its_o principle_n in_o the_o appearance_n of_o nature_n and_o end_v in_o the_o attain_v of_o some_o knowledge_n of_o natural_a cause_n i_o have_v give_v to_o this_o part_n the_o title_n of_o physic_n or_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o nature_n now_o such_o thing_n as_o appear_v or_o be_v show_v to_o we_o by_o nature_n we_o call_v phaenomena_n or_o appearance_n of_o all_o the_o phaenomena_n or_o appearance_n which_o be_v near_o we_o the_o most_o admirable_a be_v apparition_n itself_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d namely_o that_o some_o natural_a body_n have_v in_o themselves_o the_o pattern_n almost_o of_o all_o thing_n and_o other_o of_o none_o at_o all_o so_o that_o if_o the_o appearance_n be_v the_o principle_n by_o which_o we_o know_v all_o other_o thing_n we_o must_v needs_o acknowledge_v sense_n to_o be_v the_o principle_n by_o which_o we_o know_v those_o principle_n &_o that_o all_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v be_v derive_v from_o it_o and_o as_o for_o the_o cause_n of_o sense_n we_o can_v begin_v our_o search_n of_o they_o from_o any_o other_o phaenomenon_n then_o that_o of_o sense_n itself_o but_o you_o will_v say_v by_o what_o sense_n shall_v we_o take_v notice_n of_o sense_n i_o answer_v by_o sense_n itself_o namely_o by_o the_o memory_n which_o for_o some_o time_n remain_v in_o we_o of_o thing_n sensible_a though_o they_o themselves_o pass_v away_o for_o he_o that_o perceive_v that_o he_o have_v perceive_v remember_v in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o perception_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o idea_n and_o phantasm_n which_o be_v perpetual_o generate_v within_o we_o while_o we_o make_v use_v of_o our_o sense_n be_v to_o be_v inquire_v into_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n their_o generation_n proceed_v to_o help_v which_o inquisition_n we_o may_v observe_v first_o of_o all_o that_o our_o phantasm_n or_o idea_n be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o but_o that_o new_a one_o appear_v to_o we_o and_o old_a one_o vanish_v according_a as_o we_o apply_v our_o organ_n of_o sense_n now_o to_o one_o object_n now_o to_o another_o wherefore_o they_o be_v generate_v and_o perish_v and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v some_o change_n or_o mutation_n in_o the_o sentient_a 2_o now_o that_o all_o mutation_n or_o alteration_n be_v motion_n or_o endeavour_v and_o endeavour_v also_o be_v motion_n in_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v alter_v have_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o 9th_o article_n of_o the_o 8_o chapter_n from_o this_o that_o while_o even_o the_o least_o part_n of_o any_o body_n remain_v in_o the_o same_o situation_n in_o respect_n of_o one_o another_o it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o any_o alteration_n unless_o perhaps_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n together_o have_v be_v move_v have_v happen_v to_o it_o but_o that_o it_o both_o appear_v and_o be_v the_o same_o it_o appear_v &_o be_v before_o sense_n therefore_o in_o the_o sentient_a can_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o motion_n in_o some_o of_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o sentient_a and_o the_o part_n so_o move_v be_v part_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n for_o the_o part_n of_o our_o body_n by_o which_o we_o perceive_v any_o thing_n be_v those_o we_o common_o call_v the_o organ_n of_o sense_n and_o so_o we_o find_v what_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o our_o sense_n namely_o that_o in_o which_o be_v the_o phantasm_n and_o partly_o also_o we_o have_v discover_v the_o nature_n of_o sense_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v some_o internal_a motion_n in_o the_o sentient_a i_o have_v show_v beside_o in_o the_o 8_o chap._n at_o the_o seven_o article_n that_o no_o motion_n be_v generate_v but_o by_o a_o body_n contiguous_a and_o move_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o sense_n or_o perception_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o first_o organ_n of_o sense_n be_v touch_v and_o press_v for_o when_o the_o uttermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n be_v press_v it_o no_o soon_o yield_v but_o the_o part_n next_o within_o it_o be_v press_v also_o and_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o pressure_n or_o motion_n be_v propagate_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o organ_n to_o the_o innermost_a and_o thus_o also_o the_o pressure_n of_o the_o uttermost_a part_n proceed_v from_o the_o pressure_n of_o some_o more_o remote_a body_n and_o so_o continual_o till_o we_o come_v to_o that_o from_o which_o as_o from_o its_o fountain_n we_o derive_v the_o phantasm_n or_o idea_n that_o be_v make_v in_o we_o by_o our_o sense_n and_o this_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v be_v that_o we_o common_o call_v the_o object_n sense_n therefore_o be_v some_o internal_a motion_n in_o the_o sentient_a generate_v by_o some_o internal_a motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o object_n and_o propagate_v through_o all_o the_o media_n to_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n by_o which_o word_n i_o have_v almost_o define_v what_o sense_n be_v moreover_o i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o 2d_o article_n of_o the_o 15_o chapter_n that_o all_o resistance_n be_v endeavour_v opposite_a to_o another_o endeavour_n that_o be_v to_o say_v reaction_n see_v therefore_o there_o be_v in_o the_o whole_a organ_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o own_o internal_a natural_a motion_n some_o resistance_n or_o reaction_n against_o the_o motion_n which_o be_v propagate_v from_o the_o object_n to_o the_o innermost_a part_n of_o the_o organ_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o same_o organ_n a_o endeavour_n opposite_a to_o the_o endeavour_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o object_n so_o that_o when_o that_o endeavour_n inward_o be_v the_o last_o action_n in_o the_o act_n of_o sense_n then_o from_o the_o reaction_n how_o little_a soever_o the_o duration_n of_o it_o be_v a_o phantasm_n or_o idea_n have_v its_o be_v which_o by_o reason_n the_o endeavour_n be_v now_o outward_o do_v always_o appear_v as_o something_o situate_a without_o the_o organ_n so_o that_o now_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o whole_a definition_n of_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o the_o order_n of_o its_o generation_n thus_o sense_n be_v a_o phantasm_n make_v by_o the_o reaction_n and_o endeavour_n outward_o in_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n cause_v by_o a_o endeavour_n inward_o from_o the_o object_n remain_v for_o some_o time_n more_o or_o less_o 3_o the_o subject_a of_o sense_n be_v the_o sentient_n itself_o namely_o some_o live_a creature_n and_o we_o speak_v more_o correct_o when_o we_o say_v a_o live_a creature_n see_v then_o when_o we_o say_v the_o eye_n see_v the_o object_n be_v
of_o this_o evocation_n and_o swell_v and_o such_o as_o agree_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o phaenomena_n of_o heat_n may_v be_v think_v to_o have_v give_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o have_v be_v show_v in_o the_o 5_o article_n of_o the_o 21_o chapter_n that_o the_o fluid_fw-la medium_fw-la which_o we_o call_v the_o air_n be_v so_o move_v by_o the_o simple_a circular_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o that_o all_o its_o part_n even_o the_o least_o do_v perpetual_o change_v place_n with_o one_o another_o which_o change_n of_o place_n be_v that_o which_o there_o i_o call_v fermentation_n from_o this_o fermentation_n of_o the_o air_n i_o have_v in_o the_o 8_o article_n of_o the_o last_o chapter_n demonstrate_v that_o the_o water_n may_v be_v draw_v up_o into_o the_o cloud_n and_o i_o shall_v now_o show_v that_o the_o fluid_a part_n may_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o same_o fermentation_n be_v draw_v out_o from_o the_o internal_a to_o the_o external_a part_n 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be_v do_v 16_o grant_v that_o the_o cloud_n may_v be_v freeze_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o moon_n have_v be_v see_v eclipse_v at_o such_o time_n as_o she_o have_v be_v almost_o two_o degree_n above_o the_o horizon_n the_o sun_n at_o the_o same_o time_n appear_v in_o the_o horizon_n for_o such_o a_o eclipse_n be_v observe_v by_o mestline_n at_o tube_v in_o the_o year_n 1590._o for_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o a_o freeze_a cloud_n be_v then_o interpose_v between_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o observer_n and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v then_o almost_o two_o degree_n below_o the_o horizon_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v in_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o pass_n of_o his_o beam_n through_o the_o ice_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o those_o that_o attribute_v such_o refraction_n to_o the_o atmosphere_n can_v attribute_v to_o it_o so_o great_a a_o refraction_n as_o this_o wherefore_o not_o the_o atmosphere_n but_o either_o water_n in_o a_o continue_a 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indefinite_o that_o be_v to_o know_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v without_o propound_v to_o themselves_o any_o limit_a question_n or_o they_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o some_o determine_a appearance_n or_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o the_o certainty_n of_o something_o in_o question_n as_o what_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o light_n of_o heat_n of_o gravity_n of_o a_o figure_n propound_v and_o the_o like_a or_o in_o what_o subject_n any_o propound_a accident_n be_v inhaerent_a or_o what_o may_v conduce_v most_o to_o the_o generation_n of_o some_o propound_a effect_n from_o many_o accident_n or_o in_o what_o manner_n particular_a cause_n ought_v to_o be_v compound_v for_o the_o production_n of_o some_o certain_a effect_n now_o according_a to_o this_o variety_n of_o thing_n in_o question_n sometime_o the_o analyticall_a method_n be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o sometime_o the_o syntheticall_a 4_o but_o to_o those_o that_o search_v after_o science_n indefinite_o which_o consist_v in_o 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a_o square_a this_o square_n be_v to_o be_v resolve_v into_o a_o plain_a terminate_v with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o equal_a and_o straight_a line_n and_o right_a angle_n for_o by_o this_o resolution_n we_o have_v these_o thing_n universal_a or_o agreeable_a to_o all_o matter_n namely_o line_n plain_n which_o contain_v superficies_n terminate_v angle_n straightness_n rectitude_n and_o equality_n and_o if_o we_o can_v find_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o these_o we_o may_v compound_v they_o all_o together_o into_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o square_n again_o if_o any_o man_n propound_v to_o himself_o the_o conception_n of_o gold_n he_o may_v by_o resolve_v come_v to_o the_o idea_n of_o solid_a visible_a heavy_a that_o be_v tend_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o downward_o and_o many_o other_o more_o universal_a than_o gold_n itself_o and_o these_o he_o may_v resolve_v again_o till_o he_o come_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v most_o universal_a and_o in_o this_o manner_n by_o 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savour_n etc._n etc._n any_o other_o cause_n then_o motion_n reside_v partly_o in_o the_o object_n that_o work_v upon_o our_o sense_n and_o partly_o in_o ourselves_o in_o such_o manner_n as_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_o some_o kind_n of_o motion_n though_o we_o can_v without_o ratiocination_n come_v to_o know_v what_o kind_n for_o though_o many_o can_v understand_v till_o it_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n demonstrate_v to_o they_o that_o all_o mutation_n consist_v in_o motion_n yet_o this_o happen_v not_o from_o any_o obscurity_n in_o the_o thing_n itself_o for_o it_o be_v not_o intelligible_a that_o any_o thing_n can_v depart_v either_o from_o rest_n or_o from_o the_o motion_n it_o have_v except_o by_o motion_n but_o either_o by_o have_v their_o natural_a discourse_n corrupt_v with_o former_a opinion_n receive_v from_o their_o master_n or_o else_o for_o this_o that_o they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o bend_v their_o mind_n to_o the_o inquire_v out_o of_o truth_n 6_o by_o the_o knowledge_n therefore_o of_o universall_n and_o of_o their_o cause_n which_o be_v the_o first_o principle_n by_o which_o we_o know_v the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o thing_n we_o have_v in_o the_o first_o place_n their_o definition_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o explication_n of_o our_o simple_a conception_n for_o example_n he_o that_o have_v a_o true_a conception_n of_o place_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o definition_n place_n be_v that_o space_n which_o be_v possess_v or_o fill_v adaequate_o by_o some_o body_n and_o so_o he_o that_o conceive_v motion_n aright_o can_v but_o know_v that_o motion_n be_v the_o privation_n of_o one_o place_n and_o the_o acquisition_n of_o another_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o have_v their_o generation_n or_o description_n as_o for_o example_n that_o a_o line_n be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o point_n superficies_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o line_n and_o one_o motion_n by_o another_o motion_n etc._n etc._n it_o remain_v that_o we_o inquire_v what_o motion_n beget_v such_o and_o such_o effect_n as_o what_o motion_n make_v a_o straight_a line_n and_o what_o a_o circular_a what_o motion_n thrust_v what_o draw_v and_o by_o what_o way_n what_o make_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v to_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v sometime_o in_o one_o manner_n sometime_o in_o another_o now_o the_o method_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o enquiry_n be_v compositive_a for_o first_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v what_o effect_v a_o body_n move_v produce_v when_o we_o consider_v nothing_o in_o it_o beside_o its_o motion_n and_o we_o see_v present_o that_o this_o make_v a_o line_n or_o length_n next_o what_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o long_a body_n produce_v which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v superficies_n and_o so_o forward_o till_o we_o see_v what_o the_o effect_n of_o simple_a motion_n be_v and_o then_o in_o like_a manner_n we_o be_v to_o observe_v what_o proceed_v from_o the_o addition_n multiplication_n substraction_n and_o division_n of_o these_o motion_n and_o what_o effect_n what_o figure_n and_o what_o property_n they_o produce_v from_o which_o kind_n of_o contemplation_n spring_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o be_v call_v geometry_n from_o this_o consideration_n of_o what_o be_v produce_v by_o simple_a motion_n we_o be_v to_o pass_v to_o the_o consideration_n of_o what_o effect_n one_o body_n move_v work_v upon_o another_o and_o because_o there_o may_v be_v motion_n in_o all_o the_o several_a part_n of_o a_o body_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o same_o place_n we_o must_v inquire_v first_o what_o motion_n cause_v such_o and_o such_o motion_n in_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v when_o one_o body_n invade_v another_o body_n which_o be_v either_o at_o rest_n or_o in_o motion_n what_o way_n and_o with_o what_o swiftness_n the_o invade_v body_n shall_v move_v and_o again_o what_o motion_n this_o second_o body_n will_v generate_v in_o a_o three_o and_o so_o forward_o from_o which_o contemplation_n shall_v be_v draw_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o treat_v of_o motion_n in_o the_o three_o place_n we_o must_v proceed_v to_o the_o enquiry_n of_o such_o effect_n as_o be_v make_v by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o any_o body_n as_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o thing_n when_o they_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o seem_v not_o to_o be_v the_o same_o but_o change_v and_o here_o the_o thing_n we_o search_v after_o be_v sensible_a quality_n such_o as_o light_v colour_n transparency_n opacity_n sound_v odour_n savour_n heat_n cold_a and_o the_o like_a which_o because_o they_o can_v be_v know_v till_o we_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o sense_n itself_o therefore_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o see_v hear_v smell_a taste_v and_o touch_v belong_v to_o this_o three_o place_n and_o all_o those_o quality_n and_o change_n above_o mention_v be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o
the_o four_o place_n which_o two_o consideration_n comprehend_v that_o part_n of_o philosophy_n which_o be_v call_v physic_n and_o in_o these_o four_o part_n be_v contain_v whatsoever_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n may_v be_v explicate_v by_o demonstration_n proper_o so_o call_v for_o if_o a_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v render_v of_o natural_a appearance_n in_o special_a as_o what_o be_v the_o motion_n and_o influence_n of_o the_o heavenly_a body_n and_o of_o their_o part_n the_o reason_n hereof_o must_v either_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o part_n of_o the_o science_n above_o mention_v or_o no_o reason_n at_o all_o will_v be_v give_v but_o all_o leave_v to_o uncertain_a conjecture_n after_o physic_n we_o must_v come_v to_o moral_a philosophy_n in_o which_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n namely_o appetite_n aversion_n love_n benevolence_n hope_n fear_v anger_n emulation_n envy_n etc._n etc._n what_o cause_n they_o have_v and_o of_o what_o they_o be_v cause_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o these_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v after_o physic_n be_v that_o they_o have_v their_o cause_n in_o sense_n and_o imagination_n which_o be_v the_o subject_a of_o physical_a contemplation_n also_o the_o reason_n why_o all_o these_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v search_v after_o in_o the_o order_n abovesaid_a be_v that_o physic_n can_v be_v understand_v except_o we_o know_v first_o what_o motion_n be_v in_o the_o small_a part_n of_o body_n nor_o such_o motion_n of_o part_n till_o we_o know_v what_o it_o be_v that_o make_v another_o body_n move_v nor_o this_o till_o we_o know_v what_o simple_a motion_n will_v effect_v and_o because_o all_o appearance_n of_o thing_n to_o sense_n be_v determine_v and_o make_v to_o be_v of_o such_o and_o such_o quality_n and_o quantity_n by_o compound_v motion_n every_o one_o of_o which_o have_v a_o certain_a degree_n of_o velocity_n and_o a_o certain_a and_o determine_a way_n therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o be_v to_o search_v out_o the_o way_n of_o motion_n simple_o in_o which_o geometry_n consist_v next_o the_o way_n of_o such_o generate_v motion_n as_o be_v manifest_a and_o last_o the_o way_n of_o internal_a and_o invisible_a motion_n which_o be_v the_o enquiry_n of_o natural_a philosopher_n and_o therefore_o they_o that_o study_v natural_a philosophy_n study_v in_o vain_a except_o they_o begin_v at_o geometry_n and_o such_o writer_n or_o disputer_n thereof_o as_o be_v ignorant_a of_o geometry_n do_v but_o make_v their_o reader_n and_o hearer_n lose_v their_o time_n 7_o civil_a and_o moral_a philosophy_n do_v not_o so_o adhere_v to_o one_o another_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v sever_v for_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v know_v not_o only_o by_o ratiocination_n but_o also_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o every_o man_n that_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o observe_v those_o motion_n within_o himself_o and_o therefore_o not_o only_o they_o that_o have_v attain_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o passion_n and_o perturbation_n of_o the_o mind_n by_o the_o syntheticall_a method_n and_o from_o the_o very_a first_o principle_n of_o philosophy_n may_v by_o proceed_v in_o the_o same_o way_n come_v to_o the_o cause_n and_o necessity_n of_o constitute_a commonwealth_n and_o to_o get_v the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o be_v natural_a right_n and_o what_o be_v civil_a duty_n and_o in_o every_o kind_n of_o government_n what_o be_v the_o right_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o all_o other_o knowledge_n appertain_v to_o civil_a philosophy_n for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o politic_n consist_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o motion_n from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o sense_n and_o imagination_n but_o even_o they_o also_o that_o have_v not_o learn_v the_o first_o part_n of_o philosophy_n namely_o geometry_n and_o physic_n may_v notwithstanding_o attain_v the_o principle_n of_o civil_a philosophy_n by_o the_o analyticall_a method_n for_o if_o a_o question_n be_v propound_v as_o whether_o such_o a_o action_n be_v just_a or_o unjust_a if_o that_o unjust_a be_v resolve_v into_o fact_n against_o law_n and_o that_o notion_n of_o law_n into_o the_o command_n of_o he_o or_o they_o that_o have_v coercive_a power_n and_o that_o power_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o man_n that_o constitute_v such_o power_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n they_o may_v at_o last_o come_v to_o this_o that_o the_o appetite_n of_o man_n and_o the_o passion_n of_o their_o mind_n be_v such_o that_o unless_o they_o be_v restrain_v by_o some_o power_n they_o will_v always_o be_v make_v war_n upon_o one_o another_o which_o may_v be_v know_v to_o be_v so_o by_o any_o man_n experience_n that_o will_v but_o examine_v his_o own_o mind_n and_o therefore_o from_o hence_o he_o may_v proceed_v by_o compound_v to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o justice_n or_o injustice_n of_o any_o propound_a action_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a by_o what_o have_v be_v say_v that_o the_o method_n of_o philosophy_n to_o such_o as_o seek_v science_n simple_o without_o propound_v to_o themselves_o the_o solution_n of_o any_o particular_a question_n be_v partly_o analyticall_a and_o partly_o syntheticall_a namely_o that_o which_o proceed_v from_o sense_n to_o the_o invention_n of_o principle_n analyticall_a and_o the_o rest_n syntheticall_a 8_o to_o those_o that_o seek_v the_o cause_n of_o some_o certain_a and_o pro_fw-la pound_a appearance_n or_o effect_n it_o happen_v sometime_o that_o they_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o thing_n who_o cause_n be_v seek_v after_o be_v matter_n or_o body_n or_o some_o accident_n of_o a_o body_n for_o though_o in_o geometry_n when_o the_o cause_n be_v seek_v of_o magnitude_n or_o proportion_n or_o figure_n it_o be_v certain_o know_v that_o these_o thing_n namely_o magnitude_n proportion_n and_o figure_n be_v accident_n yet_o in_o natural_a philosophy_n where_o all_o question_n be_v concern_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o phantasm_n of_o sensible_a thing_n it_o be_v not_o so_o easy_a to_o discern_v between_o the_o thing_n themselves_o from_o which_o those_o phantasm_n proceed_v and_o the_o appearance_n of_o those_o thing_n to_o the_o sense_n which_o have_v deceive_v many_o especial_o when_o the_o phantasm_n have_v be_v make_v by_o light_n for_o example_n a_o man_n that_o look_v upon_o the_o sun_n have_v a_o certain_a shine_a idea_n of_o â—â—e_z magnitude_n of_o about_o a_o foâ—t_n over_o and_o this_o he_o call_v the_o sun_n thougâ—…e_o know_v the_o sun_n to_o be_v true_o a_o great_a deal_n big_a and_o in_o like_a 〈…〉_z the_o phantasm_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n appear_v sometime_o â—â—und_v by_o be_v 〈…〉_z a_o â—arre_o off_o and_o sometime_o square_a by_o be_v near_o whereupon_o â—t_a may_v well_o be_v doubt_v whether_o that_o phantasm_n be_v maâ—…_n or_o some_o body_n natural_a or_o only_o some_o accident_n of_o a_o body_n in_o the_o examination_n of_o which_o doubt_n we_o may_v use_v this_o method_n the_o property_n of_o matter_n and_o accident_n already_o find_v out_o by_o we_o by_o the_o syntheticall_a method_n from_o their_o definition_n be_v to_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o idea_n we_o have_v before_o we_o and_o if_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o property_n of_o matter_n or_o body_n than_o it_o be_v a_o body_n otherwise_o it_o be_v a_o accident_n see_v therefore_o matter_n can_v by_o any_o endeavour_n of_o we_o be_v either_o make_v or_o destroy_v or_o increase_v or_o diminish_v or_o move_v out_o of_o its_o place_n whereas_o that_o idea_n appear_v vanish_v be_v increase_v and_o diminish_v and_o move_v hither_o and_o thither_o at_o pleasure_n we_o may_v certain_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o body_n but_o a_o accident_n only_o and_o this_o method_n be_v syntheticall_a 9_o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o doubt_n make_v concern_v the_o subject_a of_o any_o know_a accident_n for_o this_o may_v be_v doubt_v sometime_o as_o in_o the_o praecedent_a example_n doubt_n may_v be_v make_v in_o what_o subject_a that_o splendour_n and_o apparent_a magnitude_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v than_o our_o enquiry_n must_v proceed_v in_o this_o manner_n first_o matter_n in_o general_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n as_o into_o object_n medium_fw-la and_o the_o sentient_n itself_o or_o such_o other_o part_n as_o seem_v most_o conformable_a to_o the_o thing_n propound_v next_o these_o part_n be_v several_o to_o be_v examine_v how_o they_o agree_v with_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o such_o of_o they_o as_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o that_o accident_n be_v to_o be_v reject_v for_o example_n if_o by_o any_o true_a ratiocination_n the_o sun_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a than_o its_o apparent_a magnitude_n than_o that_o magnitude_n be_v not_o in_o the_o sun_n if_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o one_o determine_v straight_o line_n and_o one_o determine_v