Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	bishop_n	king_n	see_v	1,612	5	4.0281	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A67264	Some instructions concerning the art of oratory collected for the use of a friend a young student.	Walker, Obadiah, 1616-1699.	1659 (1659)	Wing W410; ESTC R17434	42,754	136

Auditors may notwithstanding find every one something with which he may be taken Or at least that the likeness of it may not cause a tediousness to them or in the speaker bewray affectation Adde to these that your invention may thus be more relieved and recreated as it were which still kept in the same Track contracts also a wearisomness to it self and delivering things still in the same manner is quickly exhausted For the wit enlargeth it self not so much by the forging perpetually new conceptions as by the several dresses and disguisings of the old put in a new figure that they may not be known for the same 2. For your illation See Sect. 3. Num. 1. c. which an Orator varieth many wayes 1. By making frequent interrogations which are the very life and spirit of an Oration continually awakening and exciting the drowsiness of the Auditor or Reader as if he were demanded or else consulted-with for an answer And yet for the most part nothing is so much out of question as that which is made a question of An ego verear ne me c. Usual for Transitions Bishop Andrews By me Kings reign A cause of Kings reigning then What is that cause Per me And Per me is a person What person Per me regnant and that is not per se regnant A person and another person And who is that other person Let me tell you this first t is but one person Per me not per nos One person it is I ask then this one person who he is This we find by c. to be God By God then they reign I ask yet further by what Person of the Godhead The Context c. warrants us that it is per Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum c. See Sect. 3. Num. 8. 2. By making frequent objections Dicet aliquis Quaeret quispiam si quis forte miretur At enim te in disciplinam meam tradideras At aliud est actio bona aliud oratio Scio nonnullis ita videri sed ego c. 3. By frequent change in his speech of the persons Sometimes speaking of himself Testor mentem meam dum haec scribo Quantum mihi tamen cernere datur Simul cogito cum sint ista c. Etenim memini tunc verissime c. Sometimes to a second Person Te miror Antoni quorum facta imitere eorum exitus non perhorrescere Sometimes of a third See it frequent in Cic. 2. Phil. Non video quid in me despicere possit Antonius Sometimes making a third to speak As in all Prosopopoeia's c. Cic. pro Milone Me quidem Judices exanimant interimunt hae voces Milonis quas audio assiduè valeant inquit valeant cives mei sint incolumes c. 4. Often doubting and reasoning with himself Often speaking of his own qualifications often declaring his own affections or delivering for and as his own judgment or opinion what he knowes is every mans else because he will not seem to impose upon his Auditor Neque enim ego ut multi invideo Assirmo licet impunita c. affirmo audacter atque ut spero tutò profiteor Adjiciam quod me docuit usus magister egregius Utique breviter quod sentio enuntiem Sed ego forsitan fallor persuasum habeo Scio nonnullis ita videri sed ego c. 5. Often falling into admiration or exclamation and alwayes heightning his own passions first to excite other mens 6. Often directing his speech more particularly to his hearers as consulting and deliberating with their wisdom as appealing to their judgement Aestimate quae vita c. Quid agam Judices quò conferam me c. 7. Or many times pre-occupating it and taking for granted that they are what he desires that they should be whilest they also like it better by him to be supposed knowing than instructed as ignorant Adnotasse vos credo Patres Quis enim nescit Judices hanc famae esse naturam 8. Reflecting upon correcting and revoking as it were something said but to make some further advantage thereof As Filium unicum adolescentulum habeo Ah! quid dixi habere me imò habui Chreme nunc habeam necne incertum est c. Quas ille leges si modò leges non faces belli pestes reipublicae nominandae sint sed nimis urgeo commoveri videtur adolescens sed finis sit Neque enim prae lachrymis loqui possum hic Milo se lachrymis defendi vetat See Sect. 6. Num. 16. 9. Often arguing with his adversary and frequently conceding to him something after he hath already proved the contrary against him with an Esto Grant it be so when he hath enough besides to oppose or something also to urge out of such concession Sed quid opporas tandem si negem fac potuisse sed sit beneficium 2 Philip 10. Relating contrary opinions as well as his own but when there is a sufficient prejudice of them inferred with an Ironical Scilicet or Credo or Nisi fortè Nisi verò c. If I do not on these Heads furnish you with many examples t is because any common Rhetorick-book will afford you plenty This is a thing I suppose almost needless to be mentioned to you that the same figures and modes of expression do not suit to every composition nor to every person but are to be discreetly used according to the matter we handle the men we write or speak to The same Schemes become not an History and a Panegyrick a Letter and an Oration a Controversie and a Moral Discourse If one in a Letter to a servant about some domestick affair or in a strict controversie or in a narrative history should use lofty Metaphors frequent Interrogations Apostrophe's Prosopopoeia's Exclamations c. would he not be most ridiculous yet are some or other of these Rules and Schemes in all compositions whatever serviceable 2. You ought to vary your stile according as it is prepared for the ear or for the eye for an Auditor or for a Reader For speaking t is necessary that you observe a fuller and opener style a stricter for the pen For the same man when an Auditor is not so curious and vigilant as when a Reader Repetitions here and doubled sentences and enlargements by Synonymal words c. before the shutting up of the period are but necessary Brevitas quae ociosum fortasse lectorem minùs fallit audientem transvolat nec dum repetatur expectat Sint omnia dilucida negligenter quoque audientibus aperta Nam non ut intelligere possit multis frequenter cogitationibus avocatus sed ut omnino non possit non intelligere curandum Quint. lib. 8. cap. 2. There what can be more tedious All the force also and smartness and sting of the speech being lost by languishing explications

SOME INSTRVCTIONS CONCERNING THE ART OF ORATORY Collected for the use of a Friend a Young STUDENT LONDON Printed by J. G. for R. Royston at the Angel in Ivy lane 1659. Parts of Rhetorick 1. INvention in which SECT. I. 1. Of Common places for Arguments Num 2. wherein 1. To use our own invention first and in this not to be too curious in the beginning for our matter or expression But in a second copying to reject what is slight to order what is approved to correct the expression c. To expose them rude in writing rather than to burden the memory Not to prosecute long one Argument but seek after variety num 12. c. 2 After our own to use other mens Inventions to alter enlarge them n. 15. SECT II. 2. Of disposing the invented matter in some order and under certain Heads SECT. III. 3. Of Transitions from one matter to another n. 1. 1. By some words relating to both n. 2. 2. By Comparison n. 3. 1 Of Cause and Effect c. 2. Of Similitude 3. Of Opposition 3. By Gradation n. 7. 4. By Interrogation n. 8. II. Elocution wherein SECT. IV. I. Of words To be avoided 1. Words ill-sounding Monosyllables c. n. 2. 2. Auxiliary and Expletive n. 4. 3. Circumlocutory n. 5. 4. Tautologies n. 7. 5. Omoptota's to be disjoined n. 8. 6. In the second Clause of a Period words needlers not to be repeated n. 9. SECT. V. II. Of Periods 1. Exact correspondence 1. of the several branches therein n. 2. 2. of the parts of any branch 2. Advantageous transposition of the words n. 4. 1. For better Emphasis n. 5. 2. For apter connexion n. 6. 3. For accent and suspended gravity of the speech n. 7. 4. For the sweeter cadence and Rythm n. 8. 1. In like beginnings of several clauses 2. Like endings 3. Both like 4. Beginning of one and end of the other like c. Transposition of words in tongues modern and undeclined n. 12. SECT. VI III. Of the Ornaments of speech Figures 1. Epithets n. 2. 2. Metaphors n. 4. These to be Not obscure n. 5. Not below the thing Not too much Not changed 3. Similies expressed n. 9. 1. With a Note 2. Without 3. Before 4. After 5. By Question 6. The Simile onely explained 7. The thing onely explained 4. Dissimilies and Contraries expressd n. 10. 1. By Disjunction 2. Conversion 3. Denomination 5. Amplification n. 14. 1 By repetition of the same words n. 15. 2. By multiplication of the like expressions n. 17. 3. By enumeration of Parts or Descriptions n. 18. By a simple accumulation of them By Gradation By Division By interpretation n 23. 4. By Aetiology or giving reasons n. 24. 1. Either preceding 2. Or following By Epiphonema or Sentence By a Conjunction Causal 3. Or Interposed n. 27. SECT. VII IV. Of Stile 1. To be perpetually varied n. 1. In the Expressions n. 2. In the Illations n. 3. Varied 1. By Interrogation 2. By Objection 3. By frequent commutation of Persons 4. By Dubitation 5. By Admiration 6. By Consultation 7. By Praeoccupation 8. By Correction 9. By Concessions 10. By Suppositions of Absurdities 2. To be 1. Concise for the Pen 2. More diffused and copious for speaking n. 13. 3. Yet more circumlocutory and verbous for extempore-speech 3. Of short and long stiles compared n. 14. 4. Of Perspicuity of Stile n. 15. 5. Of other necessary steps to Oratory n. 24. SECT. VIII V. Of Recitation SECT IX VI Of Pronunciation SECT. X. VII Of Action INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING The ART of ORATORY SECT. I. Nu. 1. THE Parts of Oratory are Invention taking care for the Matter and Elocution for the Words and Style 2. Invention consists in an acute Consideration and particular weighing of all circumstances c. out of which any argument may be raised to advance the subject in hand Therefore your Fancy in this ought not to be committed and left to chance gazing about and waiting as it were what may by sudden Enthusiasm drop into it but to be excited and guided by Reason diligently beating and examining the Causes Effects Adjuncts and whatever may have relation to your subject that at least some of them may afford materials to your design Brief Tables of which and sufficiently exact in all the three kinds of Discourses Demonstrative Judicial Deliberative see in Quintil. lib. 5. cap. 10. and in Farnabi's and other Modern Rhetoricks A many of which are also rudely put together in these verses An Quis Quid Cujus Cui Quo Quibus auxiliis Cur Quomodo Circa quid Qualis Quantum Ex In à quo Quamdiu Ubi Quando Quoties Quotuplex Quot Unde Or in that shorter Quis Ubi Quid Quibus auxiliis Cur Quomodo Quando Who What How When Where and why 3. For Example Common places for Arguments To prove any thing to be good may be such as these Because t is the chief end all men or the wisest of men aim at all or the wisest commend because it produceth some good preventeth or remedieth some evil procures us much pleasure profit reputation honors things we account good is rewarded is difficult to attain is contrary to all excess c. is dictated by nature is followed with content other things for its sake accounted good c. 4. To prove any thing more good such as these Because t is the end and so more worthy than the means chosen for its self and not for another conducing to a better worthier end conversant about a nobler object can better be without the other than the other without it is the cause of the other more beneficial beneficial to more more rare more beautiful more lasting more rewarded more easie to be procured for on both sides arguments are probable more pursued by wise men better according to circumstance of person time place action c. Any of whichmediums caeteris paribus is perswasive 5. The contraries serve To prove a thing evil or less good To aggravate a Crime such as these drawn From the greatness of the dammage the impossibility of reparation from the quality of the person by whom to whom from doing it alone or first or often with no with small benefit to himself with a determinate purpose having no plausible motive toit not very feasible from its being a thing contrary to nature to express law savouring of brutishness and inhumanity Done in a holy place in the court c. in such a time against a Kinsman a Benefactor a Magistrate giving so much scandal so much encouragement 6. To extenuate a fault That it was not done at all not so done that it was done so but that it was well done not well done but yet of those things that are usually pardoned that it was not an injury but an error a misfortune not done with an ill mind not with deliberation that not a part onely but the whole action be considered not that action but