summon_v a_o council_n at_o westminster_n but_o it_o be_v authoritate_fw-la regius_fw-la and_o that_o there_o assemble_v magnae_fw-la multitudines_fw-la clericorum_fw-la laicorum_fw-la 1127._o conten_a wigorn._n an._n 1127._o tam_fw-la divitum_fw-la quam_fw-la mediocrium_fw-la and_o that_o upon_o the_o three_o day_n the_o debate_n be_v the_o negotiis_fw-la saecularibus_fw-la nonnullis_fw-la the_o issue_n of_o all_o be_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v determinata_fw-la other_o dilata_fw-la and_o other_o matter_n propter_fw-la nimium_fw-la aestuantis_fw-la turbae_fw-la tumultum_fw-la ab_fw-la audientia_fw-la judicantium_fw-la profligata_fw-la out_o of_o which_o may_v be_v probable_o conclude_v 1._o that_o the_o laity_n as_o yet_o be_v present_a in_o counsel_n with_o the_o clergy_n 2._o that_o they_o be_v all_o in_o one_o place_n 3._o that_o they_o all_o have_v vote_n and_o that_o the_o major_a number_n conclude_v the_o matter_n 4._o that_o certain_a person_n use_v to_o determine_v of_o the_o major_a number_n by_o the_o hear_n and_o that_o the_o vote_n be_v still_o clamoro_fw-la non_fw-la calculis_fw-la 5._o that_o they_o hold_v a_o order_n in_o debate_v of_o affair_n viz._n on_o some_o day_n ecclesiastical_a and_o on_o other_o day_n secular_a 6._o that_o all_o matter_n conclude_v be_v attest_v by_o the_o king_n who_o as_o it_o be_v say_v do_v give_v his_o consent_n and_o by_o his_o authority_n do_v grant_v and_o confirm_v the_o same_o and_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o will_v be_v probable_a that_o as_o yet_o counsel_n and_o those_o now_o call_v parliament_n differ_v not_o in_o kind_n although_o possible_o there_o may_v be_v difference_n of_o name_n in_o regard_n that_o some_o may_v be_v immediate_o and_o main_o occasion_v and_o urge_v by_o temporal_a exigence_n and_o other_o by_o ecclesiastical_a but_o whether_o temporal_a or_o ecclesiastical_a the_o first_o occasion_n be_v yet_o in_o their_o meeting_n they_o handle_v both_o as_o occasion_n offer_v itself_o second_o as_o the_o clergy_n can_v not_o attain_v the_o sole_a legislative_a power_n so_o neither_o have_v they_o the_o sole_a juridical_a power_n in_o ecclesisticall_a cause_n for_o not_o only_o in_o case_n of_o error_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n be_v a_o appeal_n reserve_v to_o the_o king_n court_n as_o former_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n but_o even_o those_o thing_n which_o seem_v proper_o of_o ecclesiastical_a cognisance_n be_v possess_v by_o the_o king_n court_n in_o the_o first_o instance_n as_o that_o of_o peter-pence_n which_o be_v a_o church-tribute_n and_o may_v be_v claim_v to_o be_v proper_a the_o church_n cognisance_n much_o rather_o than_o tithe_n and_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n it_o be_v especial_o provide_v 180._o ll._n gulielm_n c._n 20._o spicil_n 180._o that_o default_n of_o payment_n of_o that_o duty_n shall_v be_v amend_v in_o the_o king_n court_n and_o a_o fine_a for_o default_n be_v give_v to_o the_o king_n albeit_o that_o the_o bishop_n be_v make_v the_o collector_n and_o the_o pope_n the_o proprietor_n and_o many_o other_o particular_n which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v of_o ecclesiastical_a cognisance_n king_n will_v draw_v they_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o maintain_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o church_n which_o proper_o belong_v to_o they_o to_o defend_v and_o so_o have_v the_o cognisance_n of_o they_o in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o fine_n for_o invasion_n of_o the_o church_n right_n but_o because_o this_o may_v seem_v but_o colourable_a and_o by_o way_n of_o flattery_n of_o the_o church_n right_a and_o not_o in_o opposition_n thereof_o in_o other_o thing_n it_o will_v appear_v plain_o that_o king_n be_v not_o nice_a in_o vindicate_v their_o own_o claim_n in_o matter_n which_o the_o clergy_n hold_v they_o quarto_fw-la modo_fw-la as_o namely_o in_o the_o case_n of_o excommunication_n a_o weapon_n first_o fashion_v by_o the_o churchman_n and_o in_o the_o exercise_n whereof_o themselves_o be_v in_o repute_n the_o only_a master_n and_o yet_o in_o this_o be_v master_v by_o king_n who_o law_n direct_v and_o restrain_v the_o swell_a of_o that_o censure_n 5._o eadmer_n hist_o p._n 6._o ll._n h._n 1._o cap._n 5._o and_o make_v it_o keep_v measure_n who_o tenant_n and_o officer_n or_o servant_n must_v not_o be_v meddle_v with_o by_o this_o censure_n but_o by_o the_o king_n leave_n nor_o must_v they_o be_v call_v to_o answer_v but_o in_o the_o king_n court_n that_o right_o still_o remain_v to_o they_o after_o the_o spoil_n make_v by_o the_o hierarchy_n upon_o the_o right_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o free_a man_n and_o therefore_o can_v not_o of_o right_a be_v call_v nova_fw-la in_o the_o historian_n sense_n see_v that_o it_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o ancient_a custom_n use_v among_o the_o saxon_n before_o that_o the_o clergy_n have_v either_o purpose_n or_o power_n to_o reach_v at_o such_o a_o height_n as_o afterward_o by_o degree_n they_o attain_v unto_o furthermore_o the_o hierarchy_n as_o they_o neither_o can_v possess_v the_o legislative_a nor_o juridical_a power_n in_o church_n matter_n so_o neither_o can_v they_o possess_v themselves_o for_o as_o yet_o they_o be_v the_o king_n man_n and_o the_o more_o the_o king_n man_n because_o they_o now_o think_v a_o bishopric_n but_o a_o naked_a commodity_n if_o not_o robe_a with_o a_o barony_n nevertheless_o before_o that_o ever_o they_o know_v that_o honour_n what_o ever_o the_o canon_n be_v for_o their_o election_n yet_o both_o their_o title_n and_o power_n de_fw-fr facto_fw-la be_v derive_v to_o they_o from_o the_o king_n who_o also_o invest_v they_o with_o staff_n and_o ring_n nor_o have_v the_o pope_n as_o yet_o though_o he_o have_v conquer_v the_o hierarchy_n possess_v himself_o of_o their_o colour_n but_o during_o all_o the_o norman_a time_n the_o king_n maintain_v that_o trophy_n of_o the_o right_n they_o have_v from_o their_o predecessor_n notwithstanding_o the_o many_o assault_n from_o rome_n and_o treachery_n of_o the_o cathedral_n within_o the_o realm_n 142._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 2._o p._n 53._o &_o l._n 3._o &_o l._n 4._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 1._o &_o l._n 5._o wigorn._n an._n 1128._o spicil_n 142._o and_o albeit_o sometime_o king_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o hold_v the_o shadow_n yet_o the_o convention_n of_o the_o state_n do_v maintain_v the_o substance_n viz._n the_o right_a of_o election_n without_o intermission_n as_o the_o example_n of_o lanfrank_n unto_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n and_o anselme_n and_o ralph_n his_o successor_n and_o of_o thomas_n into_o the_o see_v of_o york_n and_o ralph_n coadjutor_n to_o thurstan_n archbishop_n of_o the_o same_o see_v and_o of_o gilbert_n into_o the_o see_v of_o london_n beside_o other_o do_v sufficient_o set_v forth_o whether_o it_o be_v because_o the_o convention_n of_o state_n be_v more_o stout_a or_o that_o the_o bishop_n now_o wed_v to_o temporal_a barony_n be_v so_o unquestionable_o interest_v in_o the_o public_a affair_n of_o the_o commonweal_n that_o it_o be_v against_o common_a sense_n to_o deny_v the_o state_n their_o vote_n and_o cognisance_n of_o their_o election_n i_o can_v determine_v yet_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a truth_n the_o more_o baron_n the_o less_o bishop_n and_o more_o unmeet_a for_o the_o service_n of_o rome_n politic_o therefore_o it_o be_v do_v by_o king_n to_o hold_v these_o man_n by_o a_o golden_a hook_n that_o otherwise_o have_v prostitute_v themselves_o to_o a_o foreign_a power_n and_o prove_v absolute_a desertor_n of_o their_o country_n cause_n which_o now_o they_o must_v maintain_v under_o peril_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o own_o honour_n in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o they_o be_v the_o king_n man_n so_o their_o bishopric_n and_o diocese_n be_v under_o the_o king_n power_n to_o order_n as_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o baronage_n shall_v be_v think_v most_o convenient_a either_o to_o endow_v a_o other_o bishop_n with_o part_n thereof_o and_o so_o to_o make_v two_o diocese_n of_o one_o 96._o eadm_n l._n 4._o p._n 95._o 96._o as_o befall_v in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o lincoln_n out_o of_o which_o the_o diocese_n of_o ely_n bud_v in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o or_o to_o endow_v a_o monastery_n or_o other_o religious_a foundation_n with_o part_n and_o exempt_v the_o same_o from_o all_o episcopal_a or_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n as_o in_o the_o example_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o battle_n in_o sussex_n in_o the_o time_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n may_v appear_v 65._o spicil_n 65._o last_o what_o ever_o the_o first_o intention_n of_o this_o recite_v statute_n be_v it_o may_v probable_o be_v judge_v that_o it_o be_v but_o a_o noise_n to_o still_o the_o clergy_n and_o that_o it_o never_o have_v more_o than_o a_o liveless_a shape_n not_o only_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a particular_n but_o especial_o in_o regard_n of_o that_o subservient_fw-fr
like_a manner_n 11._o that_o debt_n between_o clerk_n due_a be_v determine_v in_o the_o temporal_a court_n 12._o that_o bishop_n be_v compel_v by_o distress_n to_o cause_n clerk_n to_o appear_v in_o lay_v court_n without_o cause_n 13._o that_o the_o church_n lose_v its_o right_n by_o the_o cease_n of_o rent_n or_o pension_n by_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n 14._o that_o nun_n be_v compel_v to_o sue_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n for_o their_o right_n in_o possession_n befalling_a by_o decease_n of_o their_o kindred_n 15._o that_o church_n be_v deprive_v of_o their_o privilege_n till_o they_o show_v quo_fw-la warranto_fw-la they_o hold_v they_o 16._o that_o eccelesiastical_a judge_n be_v stop_v in_o their_o proceed_n by_o sheriff_n and_o great_a man_n 17._o that_o bishop_n refusal_n of_o clerk_n present_v be_v examine_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n 18._o that_o patron_n of_o religious_a house_n do_v oppress_v they_o by_o extreme_a quarter_n 19_o that_o bigamy_n and_o bastardy_n be_v try_v in_o lay_n court_v 20._o that_o the_o king_n suffer_v his_o live_n to_o be_v vacant_a for_o many_o year_n 21._o that_o the_o clergy_n be_v wrong_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o mortmain_n here_o be_v all_o and_o more_o than_o all_o that_o be_v true_a and_o more_o then_o enough_o to_o let_v the_o reader_n see_v that_o the_o writ_n circumspect_a agatis_fw-la be_v but_o a_o face_n put_v on_o for_o the_o present_a after_o lay_v aside_o and_o the_o clergy_n leave_v to_o the_o bare_a canon_n they_o likewise_o show_v what_o the_o clergy_n aim_v at_o and_o in_o that_o they_o do_v not_o obtain_v be_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o resolution_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o not_o to_o any_o neglect_n in_o themselves_o for_o the_o archbishop_n die_v in_o the_o service_n and_o its_o thought_n that_o grief_n for_o these_o matter_n be_v no_o little_a cause_n thereof_o but_o the_o time_n within_o a_o while_n grow_v troublesome_a brit._n antiq._n brit._n and_o the_o king_n in_o pursuit_n of_o the_o french_a war_n be_v unadvised_a in_o in_o his_o way_n anger_v the_o people_n by_o his_o arbitrary_a levy_n of_o man_n and_o money_n cleri_fw-la articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la as_o it_o bring_v forth_o a_o state_n scowl_v little_a inferior_a to_o a_o quarrel_n and_o to_o pacify_v the_o clergy_n he_o grant_v they_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr consultatione_n habenda_fw-la in_o all_o matrimonial_a and_o testamentary_a case_n i._n stat._n the_o consul_n that_fw-mi 24._o e._n i._n which_o be_v of_o their_o least_o doubt_a privilege_n and_o this_o qualify_v the_o first_o article_n of_o complaint_n next_o forego_v if_o such_o cause_n they_o have_v of_o complaint_n and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o the_o clergy_n get_v at_o edward_n the_o fir_v hand_n edward_n the_o second_o be_v a_o man_n that_o be_v neither_o well_o affect_v to_o rome_n nor_o weak_a in_o spirit_n and_o yet_o so_o unhappy_a that_o his_o way_n neither_o promise_v good_a success_n nor_o ever_o have_v it_o and_o so_o he_o become_v a_o servant_n unto_o the_o humour_n of_o his_o servant_n to_o keep_v his_o head_n above_o water_n but_o especial_o after_o he_o be_v chase_v by_o the_o scot_n and_o quite_o out_o of_o breath_n he_o call_v for_o help_v of_o all_o but_o first_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o bespeak_v they_o with_o the_o ordinance_n of_o articuli_fw-la cleri_fw-la wherein_o he_o give_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o complaint_n former_o mention_v which_o it_o seem_v by_o baronius_n be_v exhibit_v in_o parliament_n ecclesiastical_a cognisance_n extend_v unto_o tithe_n oblation_n 1._o cap._n 1._o and_o mortuary_n and_o to_o pecuniary_a recompense_n in_o the_o first_o time_n neglect_v or_o denial_n of_o church-duty_n be_v punish_v in_o the_o king_n court_n by_o fine_a afterward_o the_o bishop_n be_v join_v in_o that_o work_n 6._o ll._n alfred_n c._n 9_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 6._o and_o the_o tythable_a good_n be_v seize_v eight_o part_n whereof_o be_v take_v to_o the_o lord_n and_o the_o bishop_n use_v by_o moity_n a_o nine_o part_n leave_v to_o the_o owner_n and_o the_o ten_o to_o the_o church_n 8._o ll._n canut_n c._n 8._o nor_o have_v the_o bishop_n any_o peculiar_a court_n of_o cognisance_n of_o cause_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o norman_n nor_o as_o yet_o in_o those_o time_n have_v they_o power_n to_o all_o intent_n for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o roman_a tribute_n of_o peter-pence_n be_v allow_v by_o the_o conqueror_n law_n to_o the_o bishop_n court_n 180._o ll._n gul._n 20._o cap._n spicileg_n 180._o yet_o we_o find_v no_o law_n for_o tithe_n and_o other_o profit_n to_o be_v recover_v by_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n till_o about_o the_o end_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o reign_n or_o king_n stevens_n time_n for_o at_o a_o council_n at_o london_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n it_o be_v ordain_v that_o three_o summons_n in_o the_o pope_n name_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o such_o as_o pay_v not_o their_o tithe_n 1173._o binius_fw-la tom._n 7_o foe_n 661._o a_o 1173._o and_o in_o case_n they_o then_o refuse_v they_o shall_v be_v anathema_n and_o after_o that_o time_n in_o a_o council_n at_o oxford_n under_o steven_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o the_o laity_n shall_v be_v entreat_v first_o to_o pay_v their_o tithe_n 19_o baronius_n annal._n 1222._o cap._n 19_o and_o then_o if_o necessity_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v compel_v by_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n so_o as_o their_o power_n creep_v up_o by_o degree_n in_o recover_v of_o church-duty_n as_o it_o do_v in_o testamentary_a matter_n and_o at_o length_n henry_n the_o three_o wear_v and_o spend_v with_o the_o baron_n war_n about_o his_o latter_a end_n yield_v to_o boniface_n the_o archbishop_n his_o importunate_a demand_n and_o first_o give_v liberty_n to_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v their_o own_o judge_n and_o yet_o the_o lay_v judge_n although_o divers_a of_o they_o be_v clergy_n man_n do_v not_o sudden_o forbear_v till_o this_o law_n come_v which_o give_v some_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o first_o and_o four_o article_n of_o complaint_n forego_v ecclesiastical_a cognisance_n extend_v not_o to_o a_o four_o part_n of_o the_o tithe_n of_o any_o live_n 2._o cap._n 2._o nor_o to_o pecuniary_a mulct_n for_o sin_n save_v by_o way_n of_o commutation_n the_o complaint_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n be_v against_o the_o king_n prohibition_n in_o case_n of_o tithe_n indefinite_o for_o in_o those_o time_n &_o afterward_o in_o edw._n the_o fir_v time_n the_o king_n court_n have_v the_o cognisance_n of_o all_o tithe_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o westm_n 2._o c._n 5._o the_o writ_n of_o indicavit_fw-la be_v allow_v in_o case_n of_o right_n of_o any_o portion_n of_o tithe_n yet_o the_o church_n still_o gain_v ground_n and_o about_o or_o before_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o the_o temporal_a judge_n have_v yield_v unto_o the_o clergy_n the_o cognisance_n of_o a_o portion_n of_o tithe_n under_o the_o value_n of_o the_o four_o part_n 1._o artic._n 1._o for_o in_o the_o article_n next_o forego_v the_o clergy_n complaint_n be_v that_o the_o king_n justice_n hold_v cognisance_n of_o the_o four_o part_n &_o here_o they_o be_v confine_v thereto_o by_o this_o law_n which_o the_o clergy_n can_v never_o remove_v for_o violence_n do_v to_o clerk_n the_o offender_n shall_v render_v damage_n in_o the_o king_n court_n but_o excommunication_n 3._o cap._n 3._o penance_n and_o commutation_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o bishop_n court_n the_o canon_n law_n have_v a_o ancient_a claim_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o clerk_n both_o as_o touch_v their_o person_n and_o estate_n and_o prevail_v so_o far_o as_o they_o be_v thereby_o embolden_v to_o offer_v violence_n unto_o other_o but_o as_o i_o former_o show_v by_o a_o law_n in_o henry_n the_o second_o time_n the_o temporal_a judge_n resume_v his_o original_a power_n and_o this_o become_v a_o sore_a evil_n between_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n for_o though_o it_o be_v allow_v that_o clerk_n shall_v not_o be_v sue_v but_o before_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n in_o such_o case_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o warrant_n for_o the_o laity_n likewise_o to_o be_v call_v before_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n in_o such_o case_n and_o therefore_o the_o clergy_n complaint_n show_v that_o the_o matter_n be_v doubtful_a and_o that_o the_o lay_v judge_n general_o maintain_v his_o jurisdiction_n although_o sometime_o he_o disclaim_v it_o as_o it_o may_v appear_v in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o trespass_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o riot_n commit_v upon_o the_o priory_n of_o st_n john_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o when_o as_o it_o be_v adjudge_v per_fw-la curiam_fw-la that_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n to_o punish_v 30_o fi_n harb_n 7_o hen._n 3._o prohibition_n 30_o but_o
lose_a man_n have_v less_o care_n of_o such_o small_a matter_n and_o therefore_o allow_v that_o his_o judge_n of_o assize_n shall_v be_v licence_v by_o the_o archbishop_n to_o administer_v oath_n in_o their_o circuit_n in_o the_o sacred_a time_n of_o advent_n and_o septuagessima_fw-la 209._o antiq._n brit._n eccles_n 209._o and_o this_o course_n continue_v till_o henry_n the_o eight_o time_n the_o clergy_n have_v thus_o get_v the_o bridle_n gallop_v amain_o they_o now_o call_v who_o they_o will_v and_o put_v they_o to_o their_o oath_n to_o accuse_v other_o man_n or_o themselves_o or_o else_o they_o be_v excommunicate_v henry_n the_o three_o withstand_v this_o course_n if_o the_o clergy_n man_n complaint_n in_o the_o time_n of_o that_o king_n artic._n 9_o be_v true_a and_o notwithstanding_o the_o same_o the_o law_n hold_v its_o course_n and_o in_o pursuance_n thereof_o we_o find_v a_o attachment_n upon_o a_o prohibition_n in_o this_o form_n ensue_v put_v the_o bishop_n of_o n._n to_o his_o pledge_n that_o he_o be_v before_o our_o justice_n to_o show_v cause_n why_o he_o make_v to_o be_v summon_v 36._o regist_n foe_fw-mi 36._o and_o by_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n constrain_v lay_v person_n man_n or_o woman_n to_o appear_v before_o he_o to_o swear_v unwilling_o at_o the_o bishop_n pleasure_n to_o the_o great_a prejudice_n of_o our_o crown_n and_o dignity_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o thus_o both_o king_n and_o clergy_n be_v at_o contest_v for_o this_o power_n over_o the_o people_n conscience_n to_o which_o neither_o have_v the_o right_a otherwise_o then_o by_o rule_n of_o law_n bigamists_n shall_v not_o be_v allow_v their_o clergy_n 5_o stat._n bigam_n 4_o edw._n 1._o cap._n 5_o whether_o they_o become_v such_o before_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n or_o since_o and_o that_o constitution_n there_o make_v shall_v be_v so_o construe_v whatsoever_o therefore_o their_o synod_n in_o those_o time_n pretend_v against_o the_o marry_a clergy_n seem_v by_o this_o law_n that_o they_o have_v clergy_n that_o be_v marry_v once_o and_o again_o and_o yet_o before_o and_o after_o the_o council_n be_v admit_v as_o clerk_n in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o law_n but_o the_o general_n council_n interpose_v their_o authority_n and_o deprive_v they_o that_o be_v the_o second_o time_n marry_v of_o all_o their_o privilege_n of_o clergy_n it_o be_v it_o seem_v twenty_o year_n and_o more_o after_o that_o council_n before_o the_o churchman_n in_o england_n be_v thorough_o reform_v for_o either_o some_o be_v still_o bigami_fw-la at_o the_o make_n of_o this_o law_n or_o as_o touch_v that_o point_n it_o be_v vain_a nor_o be_v it_o easy_a to_o conceive_v what_o occasion_n shall_v after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n move_v such_o exposition_n the_o word_n of_o the_o constitution_n be_v bigamos_fw-la omni_fw-la privilegio_fw-la clericali_fw-la declaramus_fw-la esse_fw-la nudatos_fw-la now_o whither_o this_o slow_a reformation_n arise_v from_o the_o defect_n in_o law_n or_o in_o obedience_n thereto_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o some_o particular_n ensue_v first_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o canon_n of_o general_n counsel_n counsel_n general_n counsel_n eo_fw-la nomine_fw-la have_v former_o of_o ancient_a time_n get_v a_o kind_n of_o praeeminence_n in_o this_o nation_n but_o by_o what_o mean_n be_v not_o so_o clear_a in_o the_o saxon_a time_n they_o be_v of_o no_o further_a force_n than_o the_o great_a council_n of_o this_o kingdom_n allow_v by_o express_a act_n for_o the_o nicene_n faith_n and_o the_o first_o five_o general_n counsel_n be_v receive_v by_o synodical_a constitution_n of_o this_o kingdom_n make_v in_o the_o joint_a meeting_n both_o of_o the_o laity_n and_o clergy_n and_o during_o such_o joint_n consult_v the_o summons_n to_o the_o general_n counsel_n be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n to_o send_v bishop_n abbat_n etc._n etc._n but_o after_o that_o the_o laity_n be_v exclude_v by_o the_o clergy_n from_o their_o meeting_n and_o the_o king_n himself_o also_o serve_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o summons_n to_o the_o general_n council_n issue_v forth_o to_o the_o bishop_n immediate_o and_o in_o particular_a to_o each_o of_o they_o and_o to_o the_o abbat_n and_o prior_n in_o general_a paris_n bineus_n tom_n 13_o ps_n 2._o pag._n 674._o m._n paris_n by_o virtue_n whereof_o they_o go_v inconsulto_fw-la rege_fw-la and_o sometime_o rege_fw-la renitente_fw-la and_o appear_v either_o personal_o or_o by_o proxy_n other_o come_v as_o party_n to_o give_v and_o receive_v direction_n or_o hear_v sentence_n in_o matter_n tend_v to_o spiritual_a regard_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n issue_v summons_n sometime_o even_o to_o king_n as_o at_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n aforesaid_a it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o pope_n have_v cite_v reges_fw-la terrae_fw-la &_o alios_fw-la mundi_fw-la principes_fw-la &_o dictum_fw-la principem_fw-la meaning_n henry_n the_o three_o 1245._o m._n paris_n an._n 1245._o the_o matter_n be_v for_o assistance_n to_o the_o holy_a war_n and_o to_o determine_v the_o matter_n henry_n the_o three_o and_o his_o clergy_n man_n and_o as_o in_o that_o case_n so_o in_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n king_n will_v send_v their_o ambassador_n or_o proctor_n and_o give_v they_o power_n in_o their_o prince_n name_n interessendi_fw-la tractandi_fw-la communicandi_fw-la &_o concludendi_fw-la first_o of_o such_o matter_n quae_fw-la ad_fw-la reformationem_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la universalis_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la &_o membris_fw-la then_o of_o such_o as_o concern_v fidei_fw-la orthodoxae_fw-la fulciamentum_fw-la 14._o bineus_n tom._n 3._o ps._n 2._o pag._n 913._o &_o tom._n 4._o ps._n 1_o pag._n 14._o regumque_fw-la ae_z principum_fw-la pacificationem_fw-la or_o any_o other_o particul_n r_o cause_n which_o occasional_o may_v be_v insert_v so_o long_o then_o as_o king_n have_v their_o vote_n in_o the_o general_n counsel_n they_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o their_o decree_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v enter_v the_o canon_n law_n into_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v the_o vote_n of_o king_n difficult_a to_o be_v obtain_v especial_o in_o matter_n that_o trench_a not_o upon_o the_o crown_n for_o the_o pope_n know_v well_o that_o king_n be_v too_o wise_a to_o adventure_v their_o own_o person_n into_o foreign_a part_n where_o the_o general_n counsel_n be_v hold_v and_o that_o it_o be_v thrift_n for_o they_o to_o send_v such_o proctor_n that_n may_v not_o altogether_o spend_v upon_o the_o king_n purse_n allow_v bishop_n and_o clergyman_n to_o be_v proctor_n for_o their_o prince_n that_o in_o the_o negative_a they_o may_v be_v pii_fw-la inimici_fw-la and_o less_o active_a but_o in_o the_o affirmative_a zealous_a and_o so_o make_v the_o way_n wide_o by_o the_o temporal_a and_o spiritual_a vote_n join_v in_o one_o neither_o do_v king_n only_o save_v their_o purse_n but_o they_o also_o make_v their_o own_o further_a advantage_n hereby_o for_o by_o the_o engagement_n and_o respect_n which_o these_o his_o proctor_n have_v in_o counsel_n they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n such_o as_o be_v have_v in_o best_a esteem_n obtain_v better_a respect_n to_o the_o cause_n that_o they_o handle_v and_o speedy_a dispatch_n nevertheless_o the_o case_n sometime_o be_v such_o as_o can_v not_o expect_v favour_n and_o then_o as_o the_o king_n temper_n be_v they_o will_v sometime_o ride_v it_o out_o with_o full_a sail_n and_o to_o that_o end_n will_v either_o join_v with_o their_o ecclesiastical_a proctor_n some_o of_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a man_n of_o their_o realm_n to_o add_v to_o the_o cry_n and_o make_v their_o affair_n ring_v loud_o in_o the_o ear_n of_o fame_n although_o the_o pope_n have_v the_o great_a vote_n or_o otherwise_o will_v send_v a_o inhibition_n unto_o their_o proctor_n and_o their_o assistant_n or_o a_o injunction_n to_o look_v to_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o henry_n the_o three_o do_v at_o the_o council_n at_o lion_n and_o this_o sound_v in_o nature_n of_o a_o protest_v 263._o fox_n mart._n ps._n 2._o 263._o and_o within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n have_v the_o force_n of_o a_o proviso_n or_o save_v but_o if_o the_o worst_a of_o all_o come_v to_o pass_v viz._n that_o the_o council_n pass_v the_o cause_n against_o king_n without_o any_o inhibition_n or_o injunction_n yet_o can_v it_o not_o bind_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n or_o king_n just_a prerogative_n no_o not_o in_o these_o time_n of_o rome_n hour_n and_o of_o the_o power_n of_o darkness_n for_o at_o a_o synod_n hold_v by_o archbishop_n peckam_n an._n 1280._o the_o act_n of_o the_o council_n of_o lion_n be_v ratify_v and_o among_o other_o a_o canon_n against_o non_fw-la residency_n and_o plurality_n and_o yet_o neither_o council_n nor_o synod_n can_v prevail_v for_o in_o edward_n the_o second_o time_n a_o abbot_n present_v to_o a_o church_n vacant_a as_o be_v suppose_v by_o the_o canon_n of_o plurality_n the_o king_n who_o
discipline_n 58._o ll._n canut_n cap._n 58._o if_o they_o follow_v their_o rule_n which_o be_v make_v not_o by_o the_o arbitry_n of_o the_o general_n but_o by_o parliament_n these_o among_o other_o scatter_a principle_n concern_v sea-affaire_n may_v serve_v to_o let_v we_o know_v that_o the_o law-martiall_n and_o that_o of_o the_o sea_n be_v branch_n of_o the_o positive_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n settle_v by_o the_o general_a vote_n in_o the_o wittagenmot_n and_o not_o leave_v to_o the_o will_n of_o a_o lawless_a general_n or_o commander_n so_o tender_a and_o uniform_a be_v those_o time_n both_o in_o their_o law_n and_o liberty_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o first_o of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n into_o shire_n and_o their_o officer_n if_o the_o saxon_a government_n be_v regular_a in_o time_n of_o war_n how_o much_o rather_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n all_o great_a work_n be_v do_v by_o parcel_n and_o degree_n and_o it_o be_v the_o saxon_n ancient_a way_n in_o germany_n to_o divide_v their_o territory_n into_o several_a circuit_n or_o circle_n and_o to_o assign_v to_o each_o their_o several_a magistrate_n all_o of_o they_o rule_v by_o one_o law_n like_o one_o soul_n work_v in_o several_a member_n to_o one_o common_a good_a thus_o they_o do_v here_o in_o england_n have_v find_v the_o land_n already_o divide_v into_o several_a government_n they_o likewise_o what_o they_o conquer_v divide_v into_o several_a part_n call_v comitatus_fw-la or_o county_n from_o the_o word_n come_v that_o signify_v a_o companion_n and_o the_o county_n thence_o call_v be_v nothing_o but_o society_n or_o association_n in_o public_a charge_n and_o service_n but_o the_o saxon_a word_n be_v shire_n or_o share_n that_o be_v a_o portion_n or_o precinct_n of_o ground_n belong_v to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n or_o great_a town_n and_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o that_o person_n or_o town_n and_o sometime_o of_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o people_n as_o north_n or_o south_n folk_n east_n or_o south_n sex_n or_o saxon_n this_o division_n by_o the_o name_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o saxon_a original_a and_o though_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ingulfus_n and_o other_o writer_n hon._n seld._n tit._n hon._n it_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v do_v by_o alfred_n yet_o it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v more_o ancient_a if_o the_o reader_n mind_n the_o grant_n of_o peter_n penny_n make_v by_o king_n offa_n wherein_o be_v record_v the_o several_a diocese_n and_o shire_n out_o of_o which_o that_o grant_n be_v make_v under_o the_o very_a same_o name_n that_o they_o own_o at_o this_o day_n 794._o m._n westm_n an._n 794._o and_o that_o grant_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o alfred_n time_n by_o the_o space_n of_o 80_o year_n each_o of_o these_o shire_n or_o county_n have_v their_o two_o chief_a governor_n for_o distributive_a justice_n of_o these_o the_o sheriff_n be_v more_o ancient_a and_o worthy_a officer_n be_v the_o lieutenant_n sheriff_n sheriff_n and_o aid_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o county_n in_o certain_a case_n for_o his_o commission_n extend_v not_o to_o levy_v war_n but_o to_o maintain_v justice_n in_o that_o county_n and_o within_o the_o same_o and_o in_o this_o work_n he_o be_v partly_o ministerial_a and_o partly_o judicial_a in_o the_o one_o he_o be_v the_o king_n servant_n to_o execute_v his_o writ_n in_o the_o other_o he_o regulate_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n under_o his_o survey_n 35._o ll._n edw._n c._n 35._o he_o be_v choose_v in_o the_o county_n court_n call_v the_o folkmote_a by_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o freeholder_n and_o as_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o the_o heretock_n be_v entitle_v to_o their_o honour_n by_o the_o people_n favour_n coroner_n coroner_n the_o coroner_n though_o in_o original_a late_a be_v nevertheless_o very_o ancient_a he_o be_v the_o more_o servant_n or_o officer_n to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o two_o his_o work_n be_v to_o inquire_v upon_o view_n of_o manslaughter_n and_o by_o indictment_n of_o all_o felony_n as_o do_v contra_fw-la coronam_fw-la which_o former_o be_v only_o contra_fw-la pacem_fw-la and_o triable_a only_o by_o appeal_n 13._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 13._o as_o also_o he_o be_v to_o inquire_v of_o all_o escheate_n and_o forfeiture_n and_o they_o to_o seize_v he_o be_v also_o to_o receive_v appeal_n of_o felony_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o roll_n of_o the_o crown_n plea_n within_o the_o county_n it_o be_v evident_a he_o be_v a_o officer_n in_o alfred_n time_n 300._o miror_fw-la p._n 300._o for_o that_o king_n put_v a_o judge_n to_o death_n for_o sentence_v one_o to_o suffer_v death_n upon_o the_o coroner_n record_v without_o allow_v the_o delinquent_a liberty_n of_o traverse_n this_o officer_n also_o be_v make_v by_o election_n of_o the_o freeholder_n in_o their_o county_n court_n as_o the_o sheriff_n be_v 164._o fit_v n._n br._n 163_o 164._o and_o from_o among_o the_o man_n of_o chief_a rank_n in_o the_o county_n and_o swear_v in_o their_o presence_n but_o the_o king_n writ_n lead_v the_o work_n chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o county_n court_n and_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v the_o government_n of_o the_o county_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n consist_v much_o in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n which_o be_v do_v in_o the_o public_a meeting_n of_o the_o freeholder_n &_o their_o meeting_n be_v either_o in_o one_o place_n or_o in_o several_a part_n of_o the_o county_n in_o each_o of_o which_o the_o sheriff_n have_v the_o manage_v of_o the_o act_n do_v there_o court_n folkmote_a or_o county_n court_n the_o meeting_n of_o the_o freeman_n in_o one_o place_n be_v call_v the_o folkmote_a by_o the_o saxon_n save_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o honourable_a reporter_n coke_n instit_fw-la 2._o p._n 69._o and_o of_o latter_a time_n the_o county_n court_n the_o work_n wherein_o be_v partly_o for_o consultation_n &_o direction_n concern_v the_o order_n of_o the_o county_n for_o the_o safety_n and_o peace_n thereof_o such_o as_o be_v redress_v of_o grievance_n election_n of_o officer_n prevention_n of_o danger_n etc._n etc._n and_o partly_o it_o be_v judicial_a 147._o miror_fw-la p._n 147._o in_o hear_v and_o determine_v the_o common_a plea_n of_o the_o county_n the_o church_n affair_n and_o some_o trespass_n do_v therein_o but_o not_o matter_n criminal_a for_o the_o bishop_n be_v judge_n therein_o together_o with_o the_o sheriff_n and_o by_o the_o canon_n he_o be_v not_o to_o intermeddle_v in_o matter_n of_o blood_n yet_o neither_o be_v the_o bishop_n nor_o sheriff_n work_v in_o that_o court_n other_z then_z directory_n or_o declaratory_a for_o the_o freeman_n be_v judge_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o the_o other_o do_v but_o edocere_fw-la jura_fw-la populo_fw-la 15._o ll._n canut_n miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 15._o yet_o in_o special_a case_n upon_o petition_n a_o commission_n issue_v forth_o from_o the_o king_n to_o certain_a judge_n of_o oier_n to_o join_v with_o the_o other_o in_o the_o hear_n and_o determine_v of_o such_o particular_a ease_n 1._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o but_o in_o case_n of_o injustice_n or_o error_n the_o party_n grieve_v have_v liberty_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n justice_n nor_o do_v the_o common_a plea_n original_o commence_v in_o the_o county_n court_n edgar_n ll._n canut_n ll._n edgar_n unless_o the_o party_n dwell_v in_o several_a liberty_n or_o hundred_o in_o the_o same_o county_n and_o in_o case_n any_o mistake_n be_v in_o the_o commence_v of_o suit_n in_o that_o court_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v upon_o complaint_n the_o king_n write_v reduce_v it_o to_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o in_o this_o also_o the_o king_n own_o court_n have_v no_o preeminence_n 22._o council_n brit._n p._n 197._o tit_n 22._o in_o those_o ancient_a time_n this_o county_n court_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v but_o twice_o a_o year_n by_o the_o constitution_n of_o king_n edgar_n but_o upon_o urgent_a emergency_n often_o and_o that_o either_o by_o the_o king_n especial_a writ_n 35_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o or_o if_o the_o emergent_a occasion_n be_v sudden_a and_o important_a by_o extraordinary_a summons_n of_o ring_v the_o moot-bel_n unto_o this_o court_n all_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n assemble_v to_o learn_v the_o law_n to_o administer_v justice_n 35_o ll._n edw._n cap._n 35_o to_o provide_v remedy_n for_o public_a inconvenience_n and_o to_o do_v their_o fealty_n to_o the_o king_n before_o the_o bishop_n and_o sheriff_n upon_o oath_n and_o in_o the_o work_n of_o administer_a justice_n 4._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 4._o cause_n concern_v the_o church_n must_v have_v the_o precedency_n so_o as_o yet_o the_o canon_n law_n have_v not_o get_v foot_v in_o england_n the_o other_o court_n wherein_o the_o sheriff_n have_v the_o directory_n be_v in_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o free_a man_n in_o several_a
meeting_n or_o concourse_n of_o people_n for_o the_o sale_n of_o such_o commodity_n as_o their_o neighbourhood_n will_v not_o take_v off_o their_o hand_n and_o thus_o the_o great_a town_n that_o have_v wall_n or_o castle_n become_v the_o great_a market_n and_o other_o less_o and_o this_o make_v the_o neighbourhood_n of_o those_o town_n to_o repair_v thither_o to_o buy_v as_o other_o to_o sell_v but_o time_n discover_v a_o double_a inconvenience_n herein_o viz._n that_o by_o these_o less_o public_a sale_n in_o small_a village_n where_o little_a or_o no_o care_n of_o right_n or_o justice_n be_v have_v and_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o word_n pagan_n become_v a_o word_n of_o reproach_n many_o man_n good_n by_o clandestine_v contract_n be_v lose_v and_o no_o care_n have_v of_o their_o recovery_n and_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o public_a that_o the_o great_a town_n appoint_v for_o the_o strength_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n become_v ill_o provide_v with_o supply_n of_o victual_n either_o for_o the_o present_a or_o future_a and_o what_o be_v have_v for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v get_v at_o the_o second_o hand_n and_o high_a rate_n than_o the_o country_n village_n have_v the_o wise_a man_n by_o public_a edict_n lay_v a_o restraint_n of_o market_n in_o small_a village_n and_o more_o private_a place_n and_o thus_o the_o great_a town_n have_v market_n former_o become_v more_o public_a market_n not_o by_o any_o new_a right_n or_o privilege_n from_o the_o crown_n for_o it_o neither_o have_v such_o power_n nor_o can_v have_v but_o upon_o usurpation_n against_o the_o common_a right_n of_o such_o town_n and_o place_n of_o public_a defence_n this_o restraint_n upon_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a be_v make_v first_o in_o the_o saxon_a time_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o law_n but_o more_o clear_o declare_v and_o confirm_v afterward_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o norman_n which_o never_o give_v any_o new_a right_n of_o market_n overt_a unto_o those_o place_n of_o public_a defence_n but_o only_o do_v inhibit_v the_o same_o in_o the_o small_a village_n and_o private_a place_n in_o which_o respect_n although_o the_o king_n of_o this_o nation_n in_o future_a time_n take_v leave_v to_o abolish_v that_o restraint_n which_o do_v lie_v upon_o some_o of_o those_o more_o private_a place_n for_o certain_a reason_n of_o state_n and_o so_o these_o place_n become_v market_n overt_a which_o former_o be_v none_o yet_o can_v they_o never_o take_v away_o that_o privilege_n which_o nature_n itself_o cast_v upon_o those_o great_a town_n be_v the_o very_a limb_n of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o wrong_n do_v to_o common_a right_n and_o the_o public_a good_a nor_o abridge_v they_o of_o that_o power_n but_o that_o they_o may_v still_o use_v their_o liberty_n at_o time_n and_o place_n within_o their_o precinct_n as_o may_v best_o conduce_v with_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o place_n even_o as_o any_o particular_a free_a man_n may_v govern_v his_o own_o estate_n as_o he_o like_v best_o and_o thus_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n it_o be_v to_o be_v conclude_v that_o the_o ancient_a burrough_n of_o this_o kingdom_n proper_o do_v not_o hold_v their_o liberty_n of_o market_n overt_a by_o prescription_n or_o charter_n but_o by_o common_a right_n and_o not_o as_o a_o corporation_n make_v by_o charter_n but_o as_o they_o be_v a_o multitude_n of_o people_n ancient_o gather_v together_o and_o unite_a upon_o who_o the_o strength_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v or_o do_v former_o much_o more_o depend_v then_o on_o any_o of_o the_o small_a village_n &_o open_a town_n even_o as_o every_o free_a man_n possess_v and_o use_v his_o proper_a inheritance_n and_o estate_n without_o particular_a privilege_n derive_v from_o the_o crown_n nor_o can_v the_o king_n take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o market_n overt_a from_o such_o place_n more_o than_o he_o can_v take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v from_o any_o free_a man_n to_o who_o the_o law_n allow_v a_o liberty_n of_o ownership_n this_o i_o submit_v to_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o learned_a in_o the_o law_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o different_a opinion_n concern_v the_o same_o this_o liberty_n of_o township_n thus_o make_v and_o the_o place_n and_o people_n inhabitant_n thereof_o be_v of_o such_o consequence_n in_o the_o public_a administration_n have_v for_o their_o better_a support_n and_o safety_n liberty_n of_o fortification_n gloss_n ll._n edw._n cap._n 1._o ll._n aethelst_n cap._n 12._o ll._n aethelst_n cap._n 13._o gloss_n and_o power_n to_o charge_v one_o another_o with_o the_o maintenance_n of_o these_o fortification_n by_o a_o imposition_n call_v burghbote_n and_o hold_v their_o tenement_n under_o a_o rent_n to_o their_o lord_n or_o king_n call_v burgage_n as_o they_o be_v a_o body_n aggregate_v chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o forest_n beside_o other_o prerogative_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n they_o have_v also_o a_o franchise_n for_o wild_a beast_n for_o the_o chase_n which_o we_o common_o call_v forrest_n be_v a_o precinct_n of_o ground_n neither_o parcel_n of_o the_o county_n nor_o the_o diocese_n nor_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o rather_o appendant_a thereunto_o this_o savour_v of_o the_o old_a german_a sport_n but_o by_o custom_n turn_v from_o sport_n to_o earnest_n for_o although_o in_o the_o first_o time_n the_o saxon_n be_v so_o few_o and_o the_o country_n so_o spacious_a that_o they_o may_v allow_v the_o beast_n their_o farm_n as_o well_o as_o themselves_o their_o own_o people_n nevertheless_o so_o multiply_v as_o of_o necessity_n they_o must_v intercommon_a either_o with_o beast_n or_o fish_n the_o former_a whereof_o however_o more_o cleanly_a yet_o the_o latter_a have_v the_o sure_a footing_n and_o be_v choose_v as_o the_o least_o of_o two_o evil_n rather_o than_o for_o any_o likelihood_n of_o good_a neighbourhood_n for_o as_o nature_n teach_v beast_n to_o prey_n for_o themselves_o so_o man_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o and_o this_o breed_v such_o a_o feud_n between_o beast_n and_o man_n as_o that_o king_n doubt_v to_o loose_v their_o game_n take_v in_o with_o the_o weak_a that_o the_o world_n may_v see_v the_o happiness_n of_o england_n where_o beast_n enjoy_v their_o liberty_n as_o well_o as_o man_n but_o this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v by_o compromise_n for_o it_o have_v be_v very_o hard_o to_o have_v please_v the_o free_a man_n who_o have_v liberty_n of_o game_n within_o their_o own_o ground_n by_o common_a right_n 77_o ll._n canut_n c._n 77_o and_o to_o preserve_v the_o king_n liberty_n of_o forest_n coincident_a therewith_o have_v not_o the_o king_n employ_v on_o the_o one_o side_n the_o power_n of_o a_o dane_n that_o look_v somewhat_o like_o a_o conqueror_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n that_o which_o look_v as_o like_v to_o the_o bounty_n of_o a_o king_n in_o allow_v liberty_n of_o ownership_n to_o man_n inhabit_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o forest_n which_o at_o the_o first_o be_v set_v apart_o only_o for_o the_o king_n pleasure_n and_o all_o his_o wit_n to_o make_v a_o law_n somewhat_o short_a of_o a_o full_a freedom_n and_o yet_o outreach_v that_o of_o bondage_n which_o we_o since_o have_v commend_v to_o posterity_n under_o the_o forest_n charter_n and_o yet_o for_o all_o that_o it_o prove_v a_o hard_a matter_n for_o king_n to_o hunt_v by_o law_n and_o the_o law_n itself_o a_o yoke_n somewhat_o too_o heavy_a for_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o bear_v in_o old_a age_n if_o self_n deny_v majesty_n shall_v please_v to_o take_v it_o away_o chap._n xxxv_o concern_v judge_n in_o court_n of_o justice_n thus_o far_o of_o the_o several_a tribe_n and_o member_n of_o this_o commonweal_n which_o like_o so_o many_o conduit_n head_n derive_v the_o influence_n of_o government_n through_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o this_o island_n and_o in_o every_o of_o which_o judiciary_n power_n act_v itself_o in_o all_o cause_n arise_v within_o the_o verge_n of_o that_o precinct_n some_o of_o which_o have_v more_o extraordinary_a trial_n before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n of_o lord_n according_a as_o the_o party_n concern_v be_v of_o great_a degree_n or_o the_o cause_n of_o more_o public_a concernment_n example_n hereof_o be_v the_o case_n between_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o leoftin_n in_o aetheldreds_n time_n and_o between_o the_o two_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o durham_n in_o edward_n time_n but_o custom_n make_v this_o court_n stoop_v to_o small_a game_n in_o latter_a time_n and_o to_o reach_v at_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o county_n court_n by_o send_v the_o king_n writ_n to_o remove_v certain_a cause_n from_o the_o cognisance_n of_o those_o rural_a judicatories_n to_o their_o sublime_a determination_n 8._o glanvil_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 6_o 7_o 8._o and_o thus_o become_v the_o council_n of_o lord_n as_o a_o oracle_n to_o
vote_v without_o impeachment_n chap._n lix_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o their_o power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n from_o the_o norman_n time_n if_o the_o prerogative_n of_o king_n prevail_v not_o to_o its_o utmost_a pitch_n during_o the_o norman_n time_n it_o do_v much_o less_o in_o these_o time_n succeed_v wherein_o the_o clergy_n take_v up_o the_o buckler_n and_o beat_v both_o king_n and_o commons_o to_o a_o retreat_n themselves_o in_o the_o interim_n remain_v sole_a triumpher_n in_o the_o field_n in_o their_o first_o adventure_n they_o pace_v the_o stage_n no_o man_n appear_v to_o oppose_v steven_n then_o be_v king_n by_o their_o leave_n and_o their_o bondservant_n and_o they_o may_v have_v any_o thing_n sobeit_v they_o will_v suffer_v he_o to_o enjoy_v his_o crown_n his_o brother_n the_o bishop_n be_v the_o pope_n servant_n the_o churchman_n patron_n and_o the_o king_n surety_n in_o who_o the_o clergy_n favour_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o good_a behaviour_n towards_o they_o and_o all_o man_n concentre_v beside_o all_o this_o the_o king_n be_v but_o so_o upon_o condition_n and_o there_o be_v no_o better_a title_n than_o election_n conscience_n in_o those_o time_n be_v well_o enough_o satisfy_v in_o the_o breach_n of_o covenant_n on_o their_o part_n where_o on_o the_o king_n part_v it_o be_v first_o break_v all_o this_o the_o king_n see_v full_a well_o and_o therefore_o what_o can_v he_o deny_v to_o such_o benefactor_n vacance_n of_o church_n he_o ready_o part_n with_o and_o his_o right_n of_o investure_n of_o the_o mitre_a clergy_n he_o dispense_v so_o as_o he_o open_v the_o way_n to_o his_o successor_n of_o a_o utter_a dereliction_n of_o that_o privilege_n he_o see_v his_o brother_n the_o legate_n deflower_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o maintain_v appeal_n from_o the_o court_n in_o england_n unto_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o he_o say_v nothing_o he_o be_v content_v with_o the_o stump_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o with_o saul_n if_o he_o be_v but_o honour_v above_o or_o before_o all_o other_o of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v his_o enough_o but_o the_o clergy_n like_o the_o barren_a womb_n have_v not_o yet_o enough_o the_o king_n have_v allow_v they_o castle_n and_o too_o late_o he_o see_v that_o instead_o of_o be_v defencas_fw-la against_o the_o imperial_a power_n of_o the_o empress_n they_o be_v now_o make_v bulwark_n against_o the_o lawful_a power_n of_o a_o king_n he_o have_v therefore_o endeavour_v to_o get_v they_o down_o and_o get_v some_o of_o they_o into_o his_o power_n the_o king_n himself_o be_v now_o summon_v to_o answer_v this_o before_o a_o legatine_n council_n wherein_o his_o brother_n be_v precedent_n that_o be_v a_o bold_a adventure_n in_o they_o but_o it_o be_v extreme_a rashness_n in_o he_o to_o appear_v and_o plead_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n before_o a_o conventicle_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o thus_o to_o secure_a rome_n of_o supremacy_n in_o appeal_n he_o suffer_v a_o recovery_n thereof_o against_o his_o own_o person_n in_o a_o court_n of_o record_n and_o so_o lose_v himself_o to_o save_v the_o crown_n thus_o be_v synod_n mount_v up_o on_o eagle_n wing_n they_o have_v the_o king_n under_o they_o they_o will_v next_o have_v the_o crown_n within_o a_o while_n steven_n be_v take_v prisoner_n the_o empress_n perceive_v the_o power_n of_o the_o clergy_n betake_v her_o case_n to_o they_o now_o assemble_v in_o synod_n they_o now_o proud_a of_o the_o occasion_n and_o conceit_v that_o both_o law_n and_o gospel_n be_v now_o under_o their_o decree_n publish_v that_o the_o election_n of_o the_o king_n belong_v unto_o they_o and_o by_o they_o the_o empress_n be_v elect_v queen_n in_o open_a synod_n stevens_n brother_n lead_v the_o game_n and_o have_v she_o be_v as_o willing_a to_o have_v admit_v of_o the_o law_n as_o steven_n be_v she_o have_v so_o continue_v and_o have_v leave_v a_o strange_a precedent_n in_o the_o english_a government_n for_o posterity_n but_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n who_o have_v make_v the_o way_n to_o the_o throne_n for_o steven_n reduce_v the_o synod_n to_o sober_a consideration_n and_o help_v the_o king_n return_v unto_o his_o throne_n again_o wherein_o he_o continue_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o clergy_n during_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o time_n henry_n the_o second_o succeed_v he_o as_o brave_a a_o man_n as_o he_o but_o beyond_o he_o in_o title_n and_o power_n and_o one_o that_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n without_o preingagement_n by_o promise_n or_o covenant_n save_v that_o which_o be_v proper_a for_o a_o king_n a_o man_n he_o be_v that_o know_v full_a well_o the_o interest_n in_o the_o government_n the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o advantage_n lose_v from_o the_o crown_n by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o to_o regain_v these_o he_o smooth_v his_o way_n towards_o these_o brave_a man_n speak_v fair_a proffer_v fair_a 1155._o m._n paris_n an._n 1155._o he_o will_v act_v to_o increase_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o church_n he_o will_v have_v the_o pope_n leave_n to_o do_v he_o a_o kindness_n and_o sobeit_n he_o may_v gain_v a_o interest_n in_o ireland_n he_o will_v take_v it_o from_o the_o pope_n who_o pretend_v as_o heir_n of_o jesus_n christ_n to_o have_v the_o island_n and_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o his_o possession_n and_o as_o if_o he_o mean_v to_o be_v as_o good_a to_o the_o church_n as_o steven_n be_v and_o much_o better_a he_o desire_v the_o pope_n kindness_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o custom_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o kingdom_n and_o no_o soon_o desire_v then_o obtain_v this_o be_v the_o 2_o example_n of_o a_o king_n of_o england_n but_o the_o first_o of_o a_o english_a king_n that_o seek_v to_o rome_n for_o right_a in_o the_o crown_n and_o thereby_o teach_v the_o pope_n to_o demand_v it_o as_o a_o privilege_n belong_v to_o the_o triple_a crown_n nor_o be_v henry_n the_o second_o less_o benign_a to_o the_o churchman_n till_o he_o find_v by_o his_o dear_a buy_a experience_n that_o he_o have_v nourish_v scorpion_n and_o will_v have_v suppress_v they_o but_o be_v rather_o suppress_v himself_o as_o in_o that_o shameful_a success_n of_o the_o death_n of_o becket_n may_v appear_v wherein_o he_o yield_v the_o day_n up_o to_o the_o clergy_n who_o former_o scorn_v to_o stoop_v to_o the_o great_a potentate_n on_o earth_n the_o state_n of_o king_n be_v to_o be_v pity_v who_o must_v maintain_v a_o politic_a affection_n above_o and_o sometime_o against_o nature_n it_o self_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n if_o they_o will_v escape_v the_o note_n of_o tyranny_n in_o their_o undertake_n and_o of_o a_o feeble_a spirit_n in_o their_o suffering_n for_o the_o king_n have_v make_v becket_n chancellor_n of_o england_n &_o then_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n he_o become_v so_o great_a that_o his_o feather_n brush_v against_o the_o king_n crown_n who_o begin_v to_o rouse_v up_o himself_o to_o maintain_v his_o honour_n and_o prerogative_n royal_a the_o bishop_n side_n with_o becket_n the_o king_n intend_v the_o person_n and_o not_o the_o call_v single_v out_o the_o archbishop_n and_o hunt_v he_o to_o soil_n at_o rome_n yet_o before_o he_o go_v the_o king_n put_v the_o point_n of_o his_o quarrel_n in_o writing_n and_o make_v both_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n sign_n they_o as_o the_o right_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o as_o the_o consuetudines_fw-la avitae_fw-la but_o becket_n repent_v go_v to_o rome_n and_o obtain_v the_o pope_n pardon_n and_o blessing_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n yield_v the_o cause_n the_o particular_n in_o debate_n be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o law_n or_o constitution_n common_o call_v the_o constitution_n at_o clarindon_n which_o show_v the_o prevail_a humour_n that_o then_o overspread_v the_o body_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o those_o day_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v sum_n they_o up_o as_o follow_v 1._o cap._n 1._o right_n of_o advousons_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o the_o king_n court._n this_o have_v be_v quarrel_v from_o the_o first_o norman_n time_n but_o can_v never_o be_v recover_v by_o the_o clergy_n before_o the_o norman_n time_n the_o county_n court_v have_v they_o and_o there_o they_o be_v determine_v before_o the_o bishop_n and_o sheriff_n but_o the_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n be_v reduce_v to_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o the_o sheriff_n &_o the_o laity_n sequester_v from_o intermeddle_v the_o norman_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n in_o their_o own_o country_n reduce_v also_o the_o trial_n of_o right_n of_o advousons_n unto_o the_o supreme_a court_n partly_o because_o the_o king_n title_n be_v much_o concern_v therein_o and_o the_o norman_a lord_n no_o less_o but_o principal_o in_o regard_n that_o right_n require_v the_o consideration_n of_o such_o as_o be_v the_o most_o learned_a
in_o the_o law_n 2._o cap._n 2._o right_n of_o tithe_n of_o a_o lay_v fee_n or_o where_o the_o tenure_n be_v in_o question_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court_n plea_n of_o debt_n by_o trothplight_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n court._n 3._o cap._n 3._o these_o be_v saxon_a law_n and_o do_v intimate_v that_o it_o be_v the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o get_v the_o sole_a cognisance_n of_o tithe_n because_o they_o be_v original_o their_o due_n and_o of_o the_o debt_n by_o trothplight_n because_o that_o oath_n seem_v to_o relate_v much_o to_o religion_n whereof_o they_o hold_v themselves_o the_o only_a professor_n the_o king_n justice_n shall_v reform_v errourr_n of_o ecclesiastical_a court_n and_o crime_n of_o ecclesiastical_a person_n 4._o cap._n 4._o appeal_v shall_v be_v from_o archdeacon_n court_n to_o the_o bishop_n court_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o archbishop_n court_n 5._o cap._n 5._o and_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n court_n and_o there_o the_o sentence_n to_o be_v final_a no_o man_n that_o ever_o be_v acquaint_v with_o antiquity_n will_v question_v that_o these_o be_v receive_v law_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n nor_o do_v the_o clergy_n ever_o quarrel_v they_o till_o the_o norman_n teach_v they_o by_o courtesy_n do_v to_o rome_n to_o expect_v more_o from_o king_n then_o for_o the_o present_a they_o will_v grant_v whereof_o see_v cap._n 47._o but_o king_n steven_n that_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o clergy_n for_o his_o crown_n and_o can_v not_o otherwise_o content_v they_o part_v with_o this_o jewel_n of_o supreme_a power_n in_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a to_o the_o roman_a cognisance_n as_o have_v be_v already_o note_v but_o henry_n the_o second_o will_v none_o of_o this_o cheat_n at_o so_o easy_a a_o rate_n this_o strike_v so_o smart_a a_o blow_n as_o though_o the_o popedom_n have_v but_o new_o recover_v out_o of_o a_o paralitique_a schism_n yet_o see_v it_o so_o main_o concern_v the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o triple_a crown_n alexander_n the_o pope_n have_v late_o be_v blood_v against_o a_o brave_a emperor_n make_v the_o less_o difficulty_n to_o stickle_v with_o a_o valiant_a king_n who_o in_o conclusion_n be_v fain_o to_o yield_v up_o the_o buckler_n and_o let_v the_o pope_n hold_v what_o he_o have_v get_v notwithstanding_o against_o this_o law_n and_o all_o former_a law_n and_o custom_n and_o thus_o the_o pope_n supremacy_n in_o spiritual_a cause_n be_v secure_v both_o by_o a_o recovery_n and_o judgement_n by_o confession_n thereupon_o clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n the_o king_n shall_v have_v vacance_n of_o church_n 6._o cap._n 6._o and_o power_n to_o elect_v by_o his_o secret_a council_n the_o party_n elect_v shall_v do_v homage_n salvo_fw-la ordine_fw-la and_o then_o shall_v be_v consecrate_v this_o certain_o be_v none_o of_o the_o best_a yet_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n not_o altogether_o against_o reason_n although_o not_o suitable_a to_o opinion_n of_o many_o yet_o we_o meet_v two_o alteration_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n first_o that_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v by_o the_o king_n and_o secret_a council_n whereas_o former_o the_o election_n of_o bishop_n and_o archbishop_n be_v of_o such_o public_a concernment_n as_o the_o parliament_n take_v cognisance_n thereof_o and_o that_o which_o be_v worse_a a_o council_n be_v hereby_o allow_v call_v a_o secret_a council_n which_o in_o effect_n be_v a_o council_n to_o serve_v the_o king_n private_a aim_n and_o unto_o this_o council_n power_n give_v in_o the_o order_n of_o the_o public_a affair_n without_o advice_n of_o the_o public_a council_n of_o lord_n which_o be_v the_o only_a council_n of_o state_n in_o former_a time_n and_o thus_o the_o public_a affair_n be_v make_v to_o correspond_v with_o the_o king_n private_a interest_n which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o much_o irregularity_n in_o the_o government_n of_o this_o island_n ever_o since_o the_o second_o alteration_n rest_v in_o the_o salvo_fw-la which_o be_v a_o clause_n never_o former_o allow_v unless_o by_o practice_n in_o stevens_n time_n when_o as_o there_o be_v little_a regard_n of_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o nor_o do_v it_o concur_v with_o the_o file_n of_o story_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v insert_v within_o these_o constitution_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n see_v that_o writer_n agree_v it_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o quarrel_n between_o he_o and_o becket_n who_o refuse_v submission_n without_o the_o clause_n and_o at_o which_o the_o king_n stooke_v with_o the_o archbishop_n for_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o year_n which_o be_v six_o year_n after_o the_o constitution_n be_v consent_v unto_o and_o conclude_v upon_o 7._o cap._n 7._o no_o clergy_n man_n or_o other_o may_v depart_v the_o realm_n without_o the_o king_n licence_n it_o be_v a_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o must_v be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o no_o reason_n of_o state_n can_v allow_v dispensation_n therein_o especial_o in_o a_o doubtful_a government_n where_o the_o supremacy_n be_v in_o dispute_n and_o this_o the_o wilful_a archbishop_n never_o question_v till_o he_o question_v all_o authority_n but_o in_o order_n to_o his_o own_o for_o but_o the_o year_n before_o when_o he_o go_v to_o turonn_n to_o the_o general_a council_n upon_o summons_n paris_n m._n paris_n he_o first_o obtain_v licence_n from_o the_o king_n before_o he_o go_v no_o sentence_n of_o excommunication_n or_o interdiction_n to_o pass_v against_o the_o king_n tenant_n or_o any_o minister_n of_o state_n 8._o cap._n 8._o without_o licence_n first_o have_v of_o the_o king_n or_o his_o chief_a justice_n in_o the_o king_n absence_n till_o the_o conquest_n no_o excommunication_n pass_v without_o warrant_n of_o law_n make_v by_o the_o joint_a assembly_n of_o the_o laity_n and_o clergy_n but_o the_o conqueror_n have_v let_v loose_v the_o canon_n clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n and_o the_o clergy_n have_v get_v the_o upper_a hand_n in_o counsel_n make_v canon_n as_o they_o please_v and_o so_o the_o laity_n be_v expose_v to_o the_o voluntary_a power_n of_o the_o canon_n cap._n vid._n cap._n only_o as_o well_o the_o norman_n as_o until_o these_o time_n king_n have_v save_v their_o own_o associate_n from_o that_o sudden_a blow_n and_o upon_o reason_n of_o religious_a observance_n lest_o the_o king_n shall_v converse_v with_o excommunicate_a person_n ere_o he_o be_v aware_a the_o laity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v proceed_v against_o in_o ecclesiastical_a court_n 9_o cap._n 9_o but_o upon_o proof_n by_o witness_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o where_o no_o witness_n be_v the_o sheriff_n shall_v try_v the_o matter_n by_o jury_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o bishop_n a_o negative_a law_n that_o impli_v another_o course_n be_v use_v upon_o light_a fame_n or_o suspicion_n ex_fw-la officio_fw-la although_o the_o oath_n at_o that_o time_n be_v not_o bear_v into_o the_o world_n and_o that_o all_o this_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_a and_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o it_o intimate_v a_o ground_n of_o prohibition_n in_o all_o such_o case_n upon_o the_o common_a law_n which_o also_o be_v the_o ancient_a course_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n as_o have_v be_v former_o note_v excommunicate_v person_n shall_v be_v compel_v only_o to_o give_v pledge_n and_o not_o oath_n 10._o cap._n 10._o or_o bail_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o church_n upon_o the_o take_n and_o imprison_v of_o the_o party_n excommunicate_a clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n the_o course_n ancient_o be_v it_o seem_v to_o give_v pledge_n to_o stand_v to_o order_n of_o this_o the_o bishop_n be_v weary_a soon_o as_o it_o seem_v and_o therefore_o wave_v it_o and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o other_o invention_n of_o their_o own_o viz._n to_o bind_v they_o by_o oath_n or_o bail_n both_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o law_n for_o no_o oath_n be_v to_o be_v administer_v but_o by_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o do_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n to_o order_v oath_n or_o bail_n and_o therefore_o this_o law_n become_v a_o ground_n of_o prohibition_n in_o such_o case_n and_o of_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr cautione_n admittenda_fw-la 11._o cap._n 11._o person_n cite_v and_o make_v default_n may_v be_v interdict_v and_o the_o king_n officer_n shall_v compel_v he_o to_o obey_v if_o the_o king_n officer_n make_v default_n he_o shall_v be_v amerce_v and_o then_o the_o party_n interdict_v may_v be_v excommunicate_v so_o as_o the_o process_n in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n be_v to_o be_v regulate_v according_a to_o law_n nor_o do_v it_o lie_v in_o the_o power_n of_o such_o court_n to_o order_v their_o own_o way_n or_o to_o scatter_v the_o censure_n of_o excommunication_n according_a to_o their_o own_o like_n this_o together_o with_o all_o those_o that_o forego_v the_o archbishop_n upon_o his_o repentance_n absolute_o
withstand_v all_o though_o he_o have_v twice_o consent_v and_o once_o subscribe_v to_o they_o clarindon_n constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n have_v also_o receive_v some_o kind_n of_o allowance_n thereof_o even_o from_o rome_n itself_o 12._o cap._n 12._o clergy_n man_n hold_v per_fw-la baroniam_fw-la shall_v do_v such_o service_n as_o to_o their_o tenure_n belong_v and_o shall_v assist_v in_o the_o king_n court_n till_o judgement_n of_o life_n or_o member_n two_o thing_n be_v hereby_o manifest_a first_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o conqueror_n law_n former_o mention_v bishop_n still_o sit_v as_o judge_n in_o the_o king_n court_n as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o saxon_a time_n but_o it_o be_v upon_o cause_n that_o mere_o concern_v the_o laity_n so_o as_o the_o law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n extend_v only_o to_o separate_v the_o laity_n out_o of_o the_o spiritual_a court_n and_o not_o the_o clergy_n out_o of_o the_o lay_v court_n second_o that_o the_o clergy_n especial_o those_o of_o the_o great_a sort_n question_v their_o service_n due_a by_o tenure_n as_o if_o they_o intend_v neither_o lord_n nor_o king_n but_o the_o pope_n only_o doubtless_o the_o use_n of_o tenor_n in_o those_o time_n be_v of_o infinite_a consequence_n to_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o government_n of_o these_o king_n when_o as_o by_o these_o principal_o not_o only_a all_o degree_n be_v untie_v and_o make_v dependent_a from_o the_o lord_n paramount_n to_o the_o tenant_n peravale_fw-mi but_o especial_o the_o clergy_n with_o the_o laity_n upon_o the_o crown_n without_o which_o a_o strange_a metamorphosis_n in_o government_n must_v needs_o have_v ensue_v beyond_o the_o shape_n of_o any_o reasonable_a conceit_n the_o one_o half_a almost_o of_o the_o people_n in_o england_n be_v absolute_o put_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o foreign_a power_n sanctuary_n shall_v not_o protect_v forfeit_v good_n 14._o cap._n 13_o 14._o nor_o clerk_n convict_v or_o confess_v this_o be_v law_n but_o violence_n do_v both_o now_o and_o afterward_o much_o obliterate_v it_o church_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n shall_v not_o be_v alien_v with_o out_o licence_n 15._o constit_fw-la at_o clarindon_n cap._n 15._o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n that_o no_o tenement_n hold_v by_o service_n can_v be_v alien_v without_o licence_n or_o consent_v of_o the_o lord_n because_o of_o the_o allegiance_n between_o lord_n and_o tenant_n now_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o church_n may_v lie_v in_o tenure_n as_o well_o as_o other_o tenement_n but_o the_o strife_n be_v by_o the_o churchman_n to_o hold_v their_o tenement_n free_a from_o all_o humane_a service_n which_o the_o king_n withstand_v son_n of_o the_o laity_n shall_v not_o be_v admit_v into_o monastery_n without_o the_o lord_n consent_n 16._o cap._n 16._o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n with_o the_o former_a for_o the_o lord_n have_v not_o only_o right_a in_o his_o tenant_n which_o can_v not_o be_v alien_v without_o his_o consent_n but_o also_o a_o right_a in_o his_o tenant_n child_n in_o regard_n they_o in_o time_n may_v by_o descent_n become_v his_o tenant_n &_o so_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o ground_n of_o law_n for_o although_o this_o be_v no_o alienation_n by_o legal_a purchase_n yet_o it_o be_v in_o nature_n of_o the_o same_o relation_n for_o he_o that_o be_v in_o a_o monastery_n be_v dead_a to_o all_o worldly_a affair_n these_o than_o be_v the_o right_n that_o the_o king_n claim_v and_o the_o clergy_n disclaim_v at_o the_o first_o although_o upon_o more_o sober_a consideration_n they_o general_o consent_v unto_o the_o five_o last_o but_o their_o captain_n archbishop_n becket_n withstand_v the_o rest_n which_o cost_v he_o his_o life_n in_o the_o conclusion_n with_o this_o honourable_a testimony_n that_o his_o death_n samson_n like_v effect_v more_o than_o his_o life_n for_o the_o main_a thing_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o pope_n gain_v to_o be_v friend_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o great_a a_o stickler_n in_o the_o church_n affair_n as_o becket_n be_v in_o this_o tragedy_n the_o pope_n observe_v how_o the_o english_a bishop_n have_v forsake_v their_o archbishop_n espy_v a_o muse_n through_o which_o all_o the_o game_n of_o the_o popedom_n may_v soon_o escape_v and_o the_o pope_n be_v leave_v to_o sit_v upon_o thorn_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o authority_n here_o in_o england_n for_o let_v the_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o england_n be_v a_o swear_a servant_n to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o the_o christian_a world_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a bishop_n not_o concur_v it_o will_v make_v the_o triple_a crown_n at_o the_o best_a but_o double_a 1179._o antiq._n brit._n 302._o f_o xe_n an._n 1179._o alexander_n the_o pope_n therefore_o mean_v not_o to_o trust_v their_o fair_a nature_n any_o long_o but_o put_v a_o oath_n upon_o every_o english_a bishop_n to_o take_v before_o their_o consecration_n whereby_o he_o become_v bind_v 1._o to_o absolute_a allegiance_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o romish_a church_n 2._o not_o to_o further_a by_o deed_n or_o consent_v any_o prejudice_n to_o they_o 3._o to_o conceal_v their_o counsel_n 4._o to_o aid_v the_o roman_a papacy_n against_o all_o person_n 5._o to_o assist_v the_o roman_a legate_n 6._o to_o come_v to_o synod_n upon_o summons_n 7._o to_o visit_v rome_n once_o every_o three_o year_n 8._o not_o to_o sell_v any_o part_n of_o their_o bishopric_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o thus_o the_o english_a bishop_n that_o former_o do_v but_o regard_n rome_n now_o give_v their_o estate_n body_n and_o soul_n unto_o her_o service_n that_o which_o remain_v the_o king_n of_o england_n may_v keep_v and_o well_o it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v not_o worse_o 1167._o m._n paris_n an._n 1167._o consider_v that_o the_o king_n have_v vow_v perpetual_a enmity_n against_o the_o pope_n but_o he_o wise_o perceive_v that_o the_o king_n spirit_n will_v up_o again_o have_v thus_o get_v the_o main_a battle_n dare_v not_o adventure_v upon_o the_o king_n rear_n lest_o he_o may_v turn_v head_n and_o so_o he_o let_v the_o king_n come_v off_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o appeal_n 11._o baronus_fw-la anal._n 1164._o sec._n 11._o and_o a_o order_n to_o annul_v the_o custom_n that_o by_o he_o be_v bring_v in_o against_o the_o church_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v none_o this_o be_v too_o much_o for_o so_o brave_a a_o king_n as_o henry_n the_o second_o to_o loose_v to_o the_o scarecrow_n power_n of_o rome_n yet_o it_o befall_v he_o as_o many_o great_a spirit_n that_o favour_n prevail_v more_o with_o they_o then_o fear_v or_o power_n for_o be_v towards_o his_o last_o time_n wear_v with_o grief_n at_o his_o unnatural_a son_n a_o shadow_n of_o the_o kindness_n of_o the_o pope_n legate_n unto_o he_o win_v that_o which_o the_o clergy_n can_v never_o former_o wrest_v from_o he_o in_o these_o particular_n grant_v by_o he_o 1176._o m._n paris_n an._n 1176._o that_o no_o clerk_n shall_v answer_v in_o the_o lay_v court_n but_o only_o for_o the_o forest_n and_o their_o lay_n fee._n this_o savour_v more_o of_o courtesy_n than_o justice_n and_o therefore_o we_o find_v not_o that_o the_o same_o do_v thrive_v nor_o do_v continue_v long_o in_o force_n as_o a_o law_n although_o the_o claim_n thereof_o last_v vacance_n shall_v not_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n above_o one_o year_n unless_o upon_o case_n of_o necessity_n this_o seem_v to_o pass_v somewhat_o from_o the_o crown_n but_o lose_v it_o nothing_o for_o if_o the_o clergy_n accept_v of_o this_o grant_n they_o thereby_o allow_v the_o crown_n a_o right_a to_o make_v it_o and_o a_o liberty_n to_o determine_v its_o own_o right_a or_o continue_v the_o same_o by_o be_v sole_a judge_n of_o the_o necessity_n killer_n of_o clerk_n convict_v shall_v be_v punish_v in_o the_o bishop_n presence_n by_o the_o king_n justice_n in_o the_o licentious_a time_n of_o king_n steven_n wherein_o the_o clergy_n play_v rex_n they_o grow_v so_o unruly_a that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o have_v commit_v above_o a_o hundred_o murder_n to_o prevent_v this_o evil_a the_o king_n loath_a to_o enter_v the_o list_n with_o the_o clergy_n about_o too_o many_o matter_n let_v loose_v the_o law_n of_o feud_n for_o the_o friend_n of_o the_o party_n slay_v to_o take_v revenge_n and_o this_o cost_n the_o blood_n of_o many_o clerk_n the_o laity_n haply_o be_v more_o industrious_a therein_o then_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v because_o the_o ecclesiastical_a judge_n for_o the_o most_o part_n favour_v they_o as_o a_o expedient_a to_o all_o which_o this_o law_n be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o clergy_n be_v still_o leave_v to_o their_o clergy_n and_o justice_n do_v upon_o such_o as_o seek_v their_o blood_n clergy_n man_n shall_v not_o be_v hold_v to_o trial_n by_o battle_n it_o be_v a_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o either_o
a_o sufficient_a seal_n to_o all_o weight_n and_o measure_n which_o they_o commit_v to_o some_o clerk_n who_o they_o trust_v and_o at_o this_o day_n though_o a_o lay-person_n bear_v title_n of_o clerk_n of_o the_o market_n and_o although_o ancient_o they_o may_v not_o interest_n secularibus_fw-la yet_o afterward_o it_o become_v a_o part_n of_o their_o office_n to_o assist_v judge_n in_o secular_a cause_n to_o see_v that_o justice_n be_v not_o wrong_v and_o have_v the_o sole_a cognisance_n of_o all_o cause_n criminal_a belong_v to_o the_o clergy_n their_o tenant_n or_o servant_n and_o in_o their_o synod_n their_o power_n reach_v to_o such_o crime_n of_o layman_n as_o come_v within_o the_o savour_n of_o the_o canon_n though_o it_o be_v but_o in_o the_o cold_a send_v as_o the_o law_n of_o athelstane_n and_o other_o his_o successor_n sufficien_o set_v forth_o and_o thus_o dress_v up_o let_v they_o stand_v aside_o that_o room_n may_v be_v make_v for_o their_o train_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o saxon_a presbyter_n these_o follow_v their_o lord_n the_o bishop_n as_o fast_o as_o they_o can_v hunt_v 576._o council_n brit._n p._n 576._o for_o be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n as_o the_o less_o proud_a time_n acknowledge_v they_o will_v not_o be_v under_o foot_n and_o the_o other_o above_o the_o top_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o bishop_n load_v they_o with_o canon_n and_o keep_v they_o under_o by_o hard_a work_n under_o the_o trick_n of_o canonical_a obedience_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o their_o meaning_n to_o suffer_v they_o to_o become_v vile_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o laity_n for_o they_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o the_o presbyter_n must_v be_v their_o bridle_n to_o lead_v and_o curb_v the_o people_n and_o their_o eye_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o wind_n from_o below_o blow_v fair_a or_o foul_a for_o they_o who_o conscience_n already_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o merit_v not_o much_o favour_n from_o the_o people_n they_o see_v it_o therefore_o necessary_a to_o enhance_v the_o price_n of_o a_o presbyter_n somewhat_o within_o the_o alloy_n of_o a_o bishop_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o presbytery_n may_v not_o be_v too_o like_o the_o babylonian_a image_n who_o head_n be_v gold_n and_o foot_n of_o iron_n and_o day_n a_o presbyter_n therefore_o they_o will_v have_v to_o be_v of_o equal_a repute_n with_o a_o baron_n 9_o council_n brit._n p._n 448._o will_v ethelst_n 13._o ibid._n 406._o council_n brir_fw-fr p._n 273._o l._n aethel_n c._n 2._o ll._n canut_n c._n 12._o mag._n cent_n 8._o cap._n 9_o and_o his_o person_n shall_v be_v in_o repute_n so_o sacred_a as_o that_o all_o wrong_n do_v thereunto_o must_v be_v double_o punish_v with_o satisfaction_n to_o the_o party_n and_o to_o the_o church_n his_o credit_n or_o fame_n must_v not_o be_v touch_v by_o lay-testimony_n nor_o be_v he_o to_o be_v judge_v by_o any_o secular_a power_n but_o to_o be_v honour_v as_o a_o angel_n such_o be_v these_o instrument_n of_o the_o bishop_n government_n and_o these_o be_v put_v as_o a_o glass_n between_o the_o bishop_n and_o people_n and_o can_v represent_v the_o people_n to_o the_o bishop_n black_a or_o white_a and_o the_o bishop_n to_o they_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o they_o please_v and_o so_o under_o fear_n of_o the_o bishop_n curse_v keep_v the_o people_n in_o awe_n to_o themselves_o and_o it_o chap._n x._o of_o other_o inferior_a church-officer_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o have_v other_o inferior_a degree_n of_o the_o clergy_n which_o because_o they_o be_v mere_o subservient_fw-fr and_o not_o considerable_a in_o church-government_n i_o shall_v only_o touch_v upon_o they_o the_o first_o be_v call_v deacon_n deacon_n deacon_n which_o be_v attend_v upon_o the_o presbyter_n to_o bring_v the_o offering_n to_o the_o altar_n to_o read_v the_o gospel_n to_o baptize_v and_o administer_v the_o lord_n supper_n then_o follow_v the_o subdeacons_n who_o use_v to_o attend_v the_o deacon_n with_o consecrate_a vessel_n deacon_n sub._n deacon_n and_o other_o necessary_n for_o the_o administer_a of_o the_o sacrament_n acolites_n acolites_n next_o these_o acolites_n which_o wait_v with_o the_o taper_n ready_a light_v while_o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v and_o the_o sacrament_n consecrate_v then_o exorcist_n exorcist_n exorcist_n that_o serve_v to_o dispossess_v such_o as_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o devil_n a_o office_n as_o it_o may_v seem_v of_o little_a use_n lecturer_n council_n brit._n p._n 54._o lecturer_n yet_o very_o ancient_a for_o they_o be_v find_v at_o the_o synod_n at_o arles_n which_o be_v within_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n death_n lecturer_n come_v next_o who_o serve_v to_o read_v and_o expound_v and_o these_o be_v of_o use_n when_o church_n begin_v to_o multiply_v and_o presbyter_n grow_v idle_a last_o ostiaries_n ostiaries_n ostiaries_n which_o use_v to_o ring_v the_o bell_n and_o open_a and_o shut_v the_o church-doore_n these_o be_v the_o several_a rank_n of_o church-officer_n be_v seven_o in_o number_n for_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n make_v but_o one_o and_o may_v be_v as_o thus_o order_v the_o seven_o head_n of_o the_o beast_n whereon_o the_o woman_n sit_v 750._o council_n brit._n 261._o an._n 750._o and_o with_o much_o ado_n make_v up_o a_o kind_n of_o church-service_n somewhat_o like_o a_o great_a hoe_n in_o a_o ship-yard_n at_o the_o stir_n of_o a_o little_a log_n and_o be_v nevertheless_o well_o pay_v for_o their_o labour_n chap._n xi_o of_o churchmen_n maintenance_n among_o the_o saxon_n i_o take_v no_o notice_n in_o this_o account_n of_o the_o abbat_n and_o prior_n &_o other_o such_o religious_a man_n as_o they_o be_v then_o call_v nor_o can_v i_o pass_v they_o among_o the_o number_n of_o church-governors_n or_o officer_n be_v no_o other_o than_o as_o a_o sixth_o finger_n or_o a_o excrescence_n that_o the_o body_n may_v well_o spare_v and_o yet_o they_o suck_v up_o much_o of_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n thereof_o but_o as_o touch_v the_o maintenance_n of_o those_o former_o mention_v who_o have_v a_o constant_a influence_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o public_a worship_n of_o god_n and_o regard_n of_o the_o salvation_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o people_n i_o say_v their_o maintenance_n be_v diverse_o raise_v and_o as_o diverse_o employ_v first_o through_o the_o bounty_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n land_n and_o manor_n be_v bestow_v upon_o the_o metropolitan_a and_o bishop_n in_o free_a alm_n and_o from_o these_o arise_v the_o maintenance_n that_o ascend_v up_o in_o abundance_n to_o the_o high_a region_n of_o the_o clergy_n but_o come_v again_o in_o thin_a dew_n scarce_o enough_o to_o keep_v the_o husbandman_n hope_n from_o despair_n otherwise_o have_v not_o the_o prelate_n so_o soon_o mount_v up_o into_o the_o chair_n of_o pomp_n and_o state_n as_o they_o do_v i_o say_v these_o be_v give_v in_o free_a alm_n or_o more_o plain_o as_o alm_n free_a from_o all_o service_n and_o this_o be_v doubtless_o soon_o think_v upon_o for_o it_o be_v former_o in_o precedent_n with_o their_o heathenish_a priest_n and_o druid_n as_o caesar_n note_v 6._o com._n 6._o that_o they_o have_v omninm_fw-la rerum_fw-la immunitatem_fw-la yet_o with_o the_o exception_n of_o work_n of_o public_a charity_n and_o safety_n such_o as_o be_v maintain_v of_o high_a way_n repair_v of_o bridge_n and_o fortify_v of_o castle_n etc._n etc._n and_o hereof_o the_o precedent_n be_v numerous_a the_o work_n whereto_o this_o wage_n be_v appoint_v be_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o increase_v of_o religion_n and_o thus_o not_o only_o many_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n be_v exempt_v from_o public_a service_n but_o much_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o kingdom_n former_o employ_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n become_v acquit_v from_o the_o service_n of_o the_o field_n to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o bead_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n much_o impair_v and_o the_o subject_n much_o grieve_v who_o in_o those_o early_a time_n see_v the_o inconvenience_n abb._n m._n paris_n in_o vit_fw-mi eadrick_n abb._n and_o complain_v thereof_o to_o their_o king_n but_o can_v not_o prevail_v this_o be_v the_o vintage_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n but_o the_o glean_n of_o the_o people_n be_v much_o more_o plentiful_a for_o beside_o the_o court_n which_o swell_v as_o the_o irregularity_n of_o those_o time_n increase_v and_o thereby_o enrich_v the_o coffer_n of_o that_o covetous_a generation_n 31._o an._n 1009._o council_n brit._n 523._o ll._n aetheld_a 31._o the_o great_a part_n whereof_o aught_o by_o the_o canon_n to_o go_v to_o the_o public_a the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o settle_a maintenance_n especial_o of_o the_o inferior_a degree_n arise_v from_o the_o good_a affection_n of_o the_o people_n who_o be_v either_o forward_a to_o offer_v or_o easy_o persuade_v to_o forgo_v constant_a supply_n for_o the_o churchman_n out_o
discourse_v of_o the_o person_n and_o precinct_n it_o now_o befall_v to_o touch_v upon_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n by_o the_o saxon_a prelate_n which_o be_v not_o wrap_v up_o in_o the_o narrow_a closet_n of_o private_a opinion_n but_o state_v and_o regulate_v by_o public_a council_n as_o well_o in_o the_o make_n as_o execute_v of_o law_n already_o make_v this_o course_n be_v learn_v from_o antiquity_n 263._o malmesb._n gest_n pontiff_n lib._n 3._o foe_n 263._o and_o enforce_v upon_o they_o by_o a_o roman_a constitution_n in_o the_o case_n that_o concern_v archbishop_n theodore_n and_o wilfrid_n upon_o this_o ground_n quod_fw-la enim_fw-la multorum_fw-la concilio_fw-la geritur_fw-la nulli_fw-la consentientium_fw-la ingerat_fw-la scandalum_fw-la these_o be_v most_o ordinary_o call_v synod_n although_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o relator_n call_v also_o counsel_n and_o be_v either_o diocessan_n or_o provincial_n or_o nationall_n and_o these_o either_o particular_a or_o general_a 930._o baronus_fw-la an._n 930._o the_o general_n consist_v of_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o clergy_n and_o such_o be_v the_o synod_n under_o archbishop_n dunstan_n call_v the_o nationall_n synod_n be_v diverse_o call_v sometime_o by_o the_o pope_n sometime_o by_o the_o king_n as_o the_o first_o move_v occasion_n concern_v either_o of_o they_o for_o pope_n agatho_n in_o a_o synod_n at_o rome_n order_v that_o a_o synod_n shall_v be_v call_v in_o saxony_n viz_o england_n sacrosancta_fw-la authoritate_fw-la &_o nostra_fw-la synodali_n unitate_fw-la 680._o malmesb._n gest_n pontiff_n lib._n 3._o p_o 163._o an._n 680._o and_o many_o legatine_n synod_n in_o succeed_a time_n demonstrate_v the_o same_o that_o the_o saxon_a king_n also_o call_v they_o upon_o occasion_n be_v obvious_a through_o all_o the_o counsel_n and_o needless_a to_o instance_n among_o so_o many_o particular_n the_o provincial_n synod_n be_v sometime_o convocate_v by_o the_o king_n and_o sometime_o by_o the_o archbishop_n 318._o council_n brit._n p._n 191_o 310_o &_o 318._o and_o sometime_o joint_o the_o diocessan_n be_v call_v by_o the_o bishop_n in_o the_o nationall_n and_o provincial_n sometime_o king_n moderate_v alone_o sometime_o the_o archbishop_n alone_o and_o sometime_o they_o join_v together_o 387._o ibid._n 316_o 318_o 387._o the_o assistant_n be_v other_o both_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n of_o several_a rank_n or_o degree_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o woman_n be_v not_o whole_o exclude_v for_o in_o a_o synod_n under_o wither_a king_n of_o kent_n abbatiss_n be_v present_a and_o attest_v the_o act_n of_o that_o synod_n together_o with_o other_o of_o the_o clergy_n of_o great_a degree_n the_o matter_n in_o action_n be_v either_o the_o make_n or_o execute_v of_o law_n for_o government_n and_o because_o few_o law_n pass_v that_o do_v not_o some_o way_n reflect_v upon_o the_o king_n and_o people_n as_o well_o as_o the_o clergy_n the_o king_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n present_v and_o always_o the_o lord_n and_o other_o yet_o if_o the_o matter_n concern_v the_o church_n in_o the_o first_o act_n the_o king_n though_o present_a the_o archbishop_n be_v nevertheless_o precedent_n 387._o council_n brit._n 245_o 327_o 387._o as_o it_o befall_v at_o a_o synod_n at_o clevershoe_n an._n 747._o and_o another_o at_o celchith_n an._n 816._o and_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n the_o elder_a though_o the_o synod_n be_v call_v by_o the_o king_n yet_o the_o archbishop_n be_v precedent_n concern_v all_o which_o it_o may_v be_v in_o the_o sum_n well_o conceive_v that_o the_o pen_n of_o the_o counsel_n aforesaid_a either_o the_o clergy_n be_v the_o penman_n be_v partial_a or_o negligent_a in_o the_o set_n down_o of_o the_o right_a form_n and_o that_o the_o king_n call_v these_o assembly_n by_o instance_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o sometime_o preside_v in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o sometime_o depute_v the_o archbishop_n thereto_o the_o execute_n of_o law_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n leave_v to_o the_o diocesan_n synod_n yet_o when_o the_o case_n concern_v great_a man_n the_o more_o general_a counsel_n have_v the_o cognisance_n and_o therein_o proceed_v strict_o spare_v no_o person_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o example_n we_o find_v hereof_o 479._o m_o westm_n an._n 955_o 958._o council_n brit._n 479._o among_o other_o of_o one_o incestuous_a lord_n and_o two_o delinquent_a king_n edwy_n and_o edgar_n nay_o they_o spare_v not_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o in_o the_o quarrel_n between_o cenulphus_n the_o king_n and_o archbishop_n wilfrid_n the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v under_o interdict_v for_o six_o year_n space_n and_o no_o baptism_n administer_v all_o that_o time_n 332._o ibid._n 332._o nor_o be_v they_o very_o nice_a in_o meddle_v with_o matter_n beyond_o their_o sphere_n even_o with_o matter_n of_o property_n for_o at_o a_o provincial_a council_n for_o so_o it_o be_v call_v they_o bear_v all_o down_o before_o they_o even_o the_o king_n himself_o as_o in_o the_o case_n between_o cenulphus_n the_o king_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n concern_v the_o monastery_n of_o cotham_n 334._o ibid._n 319_o 332._o council_n brit._n p._n 334._o the_o like_a also_o of_o another_o synod_n concern_v the_o monastery_n of_o westburgh_n it_o be_v true_a the_o lord_n be_v present_a and_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o what_o be_v do_v be_v do_v in_o their_o right_n yet_o the_o clergy_n have_v the_o rule_n and_o beget_v the_o child_n and_o the_o lay-lord_n only_o may_v challenge_v right_a to_o the_o name_n this_o concurrence_n of_o the_o laity_n with_o the_o clergy_n contract_v much_o business_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v a_o customary_a power_n which_o once_o root_v the_o clergy_n after_o they_o see_v their_o time_n though_o not_o without_o difficulty_n turn_v both_o king_n and_o lord_n out_o and_o shut_v the_o door_n after_o they_o and_o so_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o whole_a by_o survivorship_n but_o of_o this_o hereafter_o the_o particular_a diocesan_n synod_n be_v as_o i_o say_v call_v by_o the_o bishop_n within_o their_o several_a diocese_n the_o work_n therein_o be_v to_o preach_v the_o word_n as_o a_o preparative_n then_o to_o visit_v &_o inquire_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n 9_o mag._n cent_n 8._o cap_n 9_o and_o of_o all_o matter_n of_o scandal_n and_o they_o to_o correct_v these_o synod_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v twice_o every_o year_n at_o certain_a time_n and_o if_o they_o meet_v with_o any_o matter_n too_o hard_o for_o they_o to_o reform_v they_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o provincial_n or_o nationall_n synod_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a as_o the_o power_n of_o synod_n grow_v by_o degree_n so_o do_v also_o their_o work_n both_o which_o do_v mutual_o breed_v and_o feed_v each_o other_o 446._o heresy_n an._n 446._o their_o work_n consist_v in_o the_o reform_n and_o settle_v matter_n of_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n the_o first_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a and_o which_o first_o occasion_v the_o use_n of_o synod_n in_o this_o island_n the_o pelagian_a heresy_n bring_v in_o the_o first_o precedent_n of_o synod_n that_o we_o have_v extant_a and_o herein_o it_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o denial_n but_o in_o the_o infancy_n of_o the_o church_n the_o teacher_n be_v the_o principal_a judge_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o error_n and_o heresy_n as_o also_o of_o the_o truth_n as_o the_o church_n be_v the_o best_a guide_n to_o every_o christian_a in_o his_o first_o instruction_n in_o the_o principle_n but_o after_o some_o growth_n there_o be_v that_o in_o every_o church_n and_o christian_n that_o make_v itself_o party_n in_o judge_v of_o truth_n and_o error_n joint_o with_o the_o first_o teacher_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o in_o that_o first_o synod_n although_o germanus_n be_v call_v judex_n 1._o beda_n hist_o l._n 1._o yet_o the_o people_n have_v the_o name_n of_o arbiter_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o do_v contestare_fw-la judicium_fw-la blasphemy_n blasphemy_n blasphemy_n be_v questionless_a under_o church-censure_n but_o i_o find_v no_o footstep_n of_o any_o particular_a law_n against_o it_o yet_o in_o scotland_n a_o law_n be_v make_v to_o punish_v it_o with_o cut_v out_o the_o tongue_n of_o the_o delinquent_n 840._o council_n brit._n p._n 341._o an._n 840._o but_o it_o may_v be_v fear_v that_o neither_o the_o saxon_n nor_o their_o roman_a teacher_n be_v so_o zealous_a for_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n name_n as_o to_o regard_v that_o odious_a sin_n unless_o we_o shall_v account_v they_o so_o holy_a as_o that_o they_o be_v not_o taint_v therewith_o and_o so_o need_v no_o law_n but_o apostasy_n be_v a_o early_a sin_n and_o soon_o provide_v against_o 376._o apostasy_n an._n 314._o council_n brit._n 41._o ibid._n 376._o the_o church-censure_n be_v allow_v of_o in_o britain_n before_o the_o saxon_n church_n have_v any_o breath_n
or_o no_o power_n by_o the_o canon_n that_o be_v not_o under_o their_o control_v neither_o in_o admission_n or_o deprivation_n of_o presbyter_n or_o other_o determine_v of_o any_o cause_n 263._o council_n brit._n 260_o 263._o nor_o pass_a sentence_n of_o excommunication_n and_o this_o can_v not_o but_o much_o hinder_v the_o hasty_a growth_n of_o antichrist_n power_n in_o this_o kingdom_n nor_o can_v it_o ever_o be_v complete_v so_o long_o as_o the_o synod_n have_v the_o chief_a power_n nevertheless_o the_o enthral_a spirit_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o terror_n of_o the_o papal_a thunderbolt_n in_o continuance_n of_o time_n surmount_v this_o difficulty_n and_o synod_n become_v so_o tame_a and_o easy_o lead_v as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v but_o one_o devil_n to_o rule_v among_o they_o all_o for_o if_o any_o quick_a eye_n or_o active_a spirit_n do_v but_o begin_v to_o peep_v or_o stir_v the_o legate_n e_o latere_fw-la soon_o reduce_v he_o into_o rank_n and_o keep_v all_o in_o awe_n with_o a_o sub_fw-la poena_fw-la of_o unknown_a danger_n a_o three_o error_n be_v the_o allow_v of_o peculiar_o and_o exemption_n of_o religious_a house_n from_o ordinary_a jurisdiction_n and_o this_o be_v a_o error_n in_o the_o first_o concoction_n a_o block_n in_o the_o way_n of_o prelacy_n and_o a_o clog_n to_o keep_v it_o down_o this_o error_n be_v soon_o feel_v and_o be_v occasion_n of_o much_o mutiny_n in_o the_o body_n ecclesiastical_a but_o exceed_v profitable_a for_o rome_n not_o only_o in_o point_n of_o revenue_n by_o the_o multitude_n of_o appeal_n but_o especial_o in_o maintain_v a_o party_n for_o the_o roman_a see_v in_o case_n the_o prelacy_n of_o england_n shall_v stumble_v at_o the_o supremacy_n of_o rome_n otherwise_o it_o seem_v like_o a_o win_v upon_o the_o body_n rather_o than_o any_o homogene_a member_n and_o without_o which_o certain_o the_o english_a prelacy_n have_v thrive_v much_o better_a and_o the_o roman_a chair_n much_o worse_o in_o all_o which_o regard_v i_o must_v conclude_v that_o the_o prelatical_a government_n in_o england_n be_v as_o yet_o like_o a_o young_a bear_v not_o full_o lick_v but_o left_a to_o be_v make_v complete_a by_o time_n and_o observation_n chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o saxon_a commonweal_n and_o the_o government_n thereof_o and_o first_o of_o the_o king_n have_v already_o treat_v of_o the_o saxon_a church_n in_o order_n i_o be_o now_o come_v to_o the_o republic_n which_o in_o all_o probability_n will_v be_v expect_v to_o be_v suitable_a to_o their_o original_n in_o germany_n whereunto_o have_v relation_n i_o shall_v first_o fall_v upon_o the_o person_n and_o degree_n abstractive_o then_o in_o their_o assembly_n and_o last_o of_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n the_o saxon_n in_o their_o first_o state_n in_o germany_n be_v distribute_v into_o four_o class_n viz._n the_o noble_n the_o freeman_n the_o manumit_v person_n and_o the_o bondman_n under_o the_o nobility_n and_o from_o they_o arise_v one_o that_o be_v call_v a_o king_n of_o who_o i_o shall_v speak_v a_o part_n the_o two_o last_o differ_v only_o in_o the_o bare_a liberty_n of_o their_o person_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v comprehend_v under_o one_o head_n as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o original_n a_o king_n among_o the_o saxon_n in_o probability_n be_v ancient_o a_o commander_n in_o the_o field_n a_o officer_n pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la and_o no_o necessary_a member_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o their_o state_n for_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n when_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v itself_o the_o executive_a power_n of_o the_o law_n rest_v much_o in_o the_o nobility_n but_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o in_o public_a distraction_n they_o choose_v a_o general_n and_o all_o swear_v obedience_n unto_o he_o during_o the_o war_n 1._o witikum_n gest_n saxon._n lib._n 1._o it_o be_v finish_v the_o general_n lay_v down_o his_o command_n and_o every_o one_o live_v aequo_fw-la jure_fw-la propria_fw-la contentus_fw-la potestate_fw-la but_o in_o their_o transmigration_n into_o britain_n the_o continuance_n of_o the_o war_n cause_v the_o continual_a use_n of_o the_o general_n make_v that_o place_n or_o office_n to_o settle_v and_o swell_v into_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o king_n and_o so_o he_o that_o be_v former_o dux_n become_v rex_n there_o be_v no_o more_o difference_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o place_n then_o in_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n the_o one_o signify_v to_o lead_v the_o other_o to_o govern_v so_o as_o he_o that_o former_o be_v a_o servant_n for_o the_o occasion_n afterward_o become_v a_o servant_n for_o life_n yet_o clothe_v with_o majesty_n like_o some_o bitter_a pill_n cover_v with_o gold_n to_o make_v the_o service_n better_o taste_v nor_o be_v the_o place_n more_o desirable_a if_o due_o consider_v for_o first_o his_o title_n rest_v upon_o the_o good_a opinion_n of_o the_o freeman_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a gem_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o that_o he_o be_v thereby_o declare_v to_o be_v most_o worthy_a of_o the_o love_n and_o service_n of_o the_o people_n yet_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o their_o election_n so_o uncertain_a as_o a_o man_n may_v imagine_v that_o sometime_o there_o appear_v more_o of_o the_o will_v then_o of_o the_o judgement_n in_o it_o that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o more_o free_a for_o they_o neither_o exclude_v woman_n nor_o child_n further_o than_o present_a occasion_n lead_v they_o the_o westsaxons_a depose_a seburg_n their_o queen_n because_o they_o will_v not_o fight_v under_o a_o woman_n cragius_fw-la m._n westm_n an._n 672._o m._n westm_n an._n 912_o 919._o tacit._n cragius_fw-la but_o the_o mercian_n obey_v elfle_v their_o queen_n and_o under_o she_o fight_v valiant_o with_o good_a success_n against_o the_o dane_n imitate_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o sitones_n or_o norwegian_n in_o germany_n as_o they_o may_v borrow_v it_o from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n a_o custom_n it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o honourable_a by_o how_o much_o it_o demonstrate_v freedom_n and_o that_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o people_n rest_v not_o so_o much_o in_o the_o head_n as_o it_o be_v diffuse_v through_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o it_o seem_v to_o run_v in_o the_o blood_n of_o a_o english_a man_n even_o to_o this_o day_n to_o be_v as_o brave_a under_o a_o single_a queen_n as_o under_o the_o most_o valiant_a king_n if_o not_o much_o more_o and_o still_o to_o strive_v to_o be_v as_o famous_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o majesty_n wherever_o they_o set_v it_o as_o the_o briton_n be_v of_o old_a nor_o be_v they_o different_a in_o their_o respect_n of_o age_n from_o that_o of_o the_o sex_n for_o though_o after_o the_o death_n of_o edmond_n edwin_n or_o edgar_n be_v to_o have_v succeed_v in_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o right_n of_o descent_n yet_o the_o state_n will_v not_o admit_v they_o because_o they_o be_v minor_n but_o the_o mercian_n admit_v kenelm_n a_o child_n of_o seven_o year_n old_a to_o be_v their_o king_n they_o likewise_o exclude_v not_o bastard_n till_o the_o clergy_n interpose_v for_o they_o have_v wind_v themselves_o into_o the_o counsel_n of_o the_o kingdom_n procure_v a_o constitution_n to_o back_v they_o in_o the_o election_n of_o king_n legitime_fw-la etc._n etc._n let_v the_o king_n be_v legal_o choose_v by_o priest_n and_o elder_n and_o not_o such_o as_o be_v beget_v by_o adultery_n or_o incest_n which_o constitution_n be_v make_v in_o a_o legatine_n council_n 747._o mag._n cent_n 8._o cap._n 9_o an._n 747._o and_o confirm_v by_o great_a offa_n the_o rule_n of_o their_o election_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o in_o germany_n viz._n to_o elect_v the_o chief_a out_o of_o the_o chief_a family_n that_o be_v tacitus_n tacitus_n the_o chief_a for_o worth_n not_o by_o descent_n yet_o the_o honour_n they_o bear_v to_o their_o brave_a king_n who_o have_v deserve_v well_o make_v some_o to_o honour_v their_o posterity_n and_o to_o choose_v their_o elder_a after_o their_o decease_n and_o so_o in_o time_n crown_n be_v take_v up_o by_o custom_n and_o election_n often_o time_n subsequent_a be_v account_v but_o a_o ceremony_n unless_o the_o people_n will_v dispute_v the_o point_n second_o this_o election_n be_v qualify_v under_o a_o stipulation_n or_o covenant_n wherein_o both_o prince_n and_o people_n be_v mutual_o bind_v each_o to_o other_o the_o people_n to_o defend_v their_o king_n which_o the_o historian_n say_v be_v praecipuum_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la tacitus_n tacitus_n and_o the_o prince_n to_o the_o people_n to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o law_n suitable_a to_o that_o say_n of_o aethelstan_n the_o saxon_a king_n 397._o council_n brit._n p_o 397._o see_v i_o according_a to_o your_o law_n allow_v you_o what_o be_v you_o do_v you_o so_o with_o i_o as_o if_o the_o law_n be_v the_o sole_a umpire_n between_o king_n and_o people_n and_o unto_o
law_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o concern_v the_o county_n court_n which_o recite_v it_o as_o a_o custom_n in_o his_o time_n use_v 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o earl_n with_o other_o the_o chief_a man_n of_o that_o county_n be_v there_o present_a as_o assistant_n in_o directory_n of_o judgement_n and_o that_o in_o order_n be_v handle_v first_o matter_n of_o the_o church_n second_o crown_n plea_n three_o and_o last_o common_a plea_n however_o therefore_o the_o king_n speak_v fair_a they_o either_o act_v not_o at_o all_o or_o so_o cooly_a as_o the_o current_n of_o the_o custom_n be_v too_o strong_a but_o most_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o the_o king_n speak_v fair_a till_o they_o be_v settle_v in_o their_o throne_n and_o afterward_o please_v themselves_o for_o by_o the_o general_a thread_n of_o story_n it_o may_v appear_v that_o the_o clergy_n in_o those_o time_n be_v more_o fear_v then_o love_v and_o therefore_o riden_v with_o a_o straight_a rein_fw-mi the_o prelacy_n on_o the_o contrary_n grow_v unruly_a yet_o too_o weak_a for_o the_o rugged_a spirit_n of_o the_o norman_a king_n they_o be_v glad_a to_o be_v quiet_a and_o the_o pope_n himself_o to_o drive_v fair_a and_o soft_o as_o judge_v it_o expedient_a potestatem_fw-la regalem_fw-la mitius_fw-la tractandam_fw-la 9_o greg_n epist_n l._n 9_o and_o continue_v that_o course_n and_o posture_n till_o the_o calm_a time_n of_o henry_n the_o first_o 95._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 4_o p._n 95._o wherein_o they_o mend_v their_o pace_n and_o get_v that_o without_o noise_n which_o they_o have_v long_o strive_v for_o viz._n the_o preeminence_n and_o presidency_n in_o the_o synod_n though_o the_o king_n himself_o be_v present_a and_o if_o the_o historian_n write_v advise_o the_o whole_a ordain_v or_o legislative_a power_n for_o so_o run_v the_o stile_n or_o phrase_n of_o the_o author_n archiepiscopi_fw-la &_o episcopi_fw-la statuerunt_fw-la in_o praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la as_o if_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o baron_n and_o people_n be_v but_o as_o a_o great_a amen_o at_o the_o common_a prayer_n after_o the_o old_a stamp_n to_o set_v a_o good_a colour_n upon_o a_o doubtful_a matter_n to_o make_v it_o go_v down_o the_o better_a how_o the_o king_n brook_v this_o draught_n i_o can_v say_v but_o it_o have_v make_v the_o kingdom_n stagger_v ever_o since_o and_o it_o may_v be_v fear_v will_v hardly_o recover_v its_o perfect_a wit_n so_o long_o as_o the_o brain_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o laity_n thus_o lie_v divide_v in_o several_a cels._n chap._n xlviii_o of_o the_o several_a subservient_fw-fr jurisdiction_n by_o province_n march_n county_n hundred_o burrough_n lordship_n and_o decennary_n have_v the_o norman_n own_v no_o other_o title_n then_o that_o of_o conquest_n doubtless_o their_o mother_n wit_n must_v needs_o have_v teach_v they_o the_o expediency_n of_o preserve_v the_o particular_a subservient_fw-fr jurisdiction_n of_o the_o kingdom_n entire_a and_o unquash_v if_o they_o regard_v either_o the_o benefit_n of_o their_o conquest_n or_o reward_v of_o their_o partner_n and_o ally_n unless_o it_o shall_v be_v allow_v unto_o conquerous_a to_o be_v more_o honourable_a for_o they_o to_o do_v what_o they_o will_v rather_o than_o what_o be_v meet_v but_o hereof_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n of_o question_n in_o this_o present_a subject_n for_o nothing_o be_v more_o clear_a than_o that_o wales_n enjoy_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n and_o for_o age_n after_o he_o its_o ancient_a liberty_n tribute_n except_v nor_o do_v conquest_n ever_o come_v so_o nigh_o to_o their_o border_n as_o to_o trench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o march_n for_o as_o it_o have_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o state_n nonsense_n to_o have_v hold_v two_o people_n under_o conquest_n and_o their_o march_n in_o freedom_n or_o to_o preserve_v they_o in_o good_a neighbourhood_n by_o march_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o conquest_n be_v make_v one_o so_o be_v it_o no_o less_o vain_a if_o all_o have_v be_v once_o subdue_v by_o conquest_n to_o have_v raise_v up_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o march_v any_o more_o and_o as_o they_o have_v less_o cause_n to_o have_v invade_v the_o bound_n and_o ancient_a limit_n and_o partition_n of_o the_o county_n court_n county_z court_n so_o questionless_a have_v they_o so_o do_v they_o will_v have_v take_v the_o old_a course_n of_o the_o micklemote_a 96._o eadmer_n hist_o l._n 4._o p._n 96._o as_o they_o do_v divide_v the_o diocese_n of_o lincoln_n into_o two_o diocese_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n prince_n and_o other_o wise_a and_o holy_a man_n 6._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 6._o and_o turn_v the_o abbey_n of_o ely_n into_o a_o bishop_n see_n but_o it_o be_v their_o wisdom_n to_o preserve_v the_o ancient_a landmark_n and_o no_o less_o both_o wisdom_n and_o care_n to_o continue_v their_o due_a privilege_n and_o interest_n to_o each_o every_o county_n have_v its_o court_n 42._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 41._o &_o 42._o and_o every_o court_n its_o wont_a jurisdiction_n no_o complaint_n must_v be_v to_o the_o king_n court_n if_o right_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o county_n no_o distress_n must_v be_v take_v but_o by_o warrant_n from_o the_o county_n and_o that_o must_v be_v after_o complaint_n thrice_o make_v the_o county_n court_n must_v be_v call_v as_o our_o ancestor_n have_v appoint_v 64._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 64._o such_o as_o will_v not_o come_v as_o they_o ought_v shall_v be_v first_o summon_v and_o in_o case_n of_o default_n destrain_v at_o the_o four_o default_n the_o complainant_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v out_o of_o the_o distress_n so_o take_v and_o the_o king_n also_o for_o his_o fine_a these_o be_v the_o express_a law_n of_o the_o conqueror_n own_o establishment_n 64._o ibid._n c._n 64._o the_o last_o of_o which_o also_o be_v confirm_v by_o another_o express_a law_n save_v that_o he_o will_v allow_v but_o of_o two_o summons_n and_o two_o distress_n before_o execution_n and_o as_o it_o be_v one_o principal_a work_n that_o he_o undertake_v to_o reduce_v the_o law_n into_o course_n which_o have_v be_v intermit_v during_o the_o violent_a time_n of_o his_o father_n and_o brother_n the_o first_o of_o who_o never_o have_v liberty_n for_o reformation_n and_o the_o latter_a never_o have_v will_n so_o among_o other_o law_n he_o settle_v those_o concern_v the_o county_n court_n 7._o ll._n hen._n 1._o c._n 7._o namely_o that_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o chief_a man_n shall_v be_v present_a for_o direction_n 2._o that_o it_o shall_v be_v hold_v once_o each_o month_n 3._o that_o the_o church_n matter_n shall_v precede_v and_o then_o the_o crown_n plea_n and_o last_o the_o common_a plea_n beside_o some_o other_o particular_n concern_v plead_v and_o proceed_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o cause_n neither_o be_v these_o cause_n of_o a_o petty_a regard_n only_o but_o of_o great_a concernment_n one_o example_n i_o shall_v remember_v the_o reader_n of_o 197._o epicil_n 197._o and_o not_o recite_v in_o terminis_fw-la but_o refer_v to_o mr_n selden_n own_o pen._n the_o occasion_n be_v this_o odo_n the_o conqueror_n half_a brother_n be_v by_o he_o make_v earl_n of_o kent_n and_o therewith_o have_v the_o gift_n of_o a_o large_a teritory_n in_o kent_n and_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o king_n displeasure_n at_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n stigand_n stigand_n possess_v himself_o by_o disseisin_n of_o divers_a land_n and_o tenement_n belong_v to_o that_o see_v lanfrank_n the_o succeed_a archbishop_n be_v inform_v hereof_o petition_v to_o the_o king_n that_o justice_n may_v be_v do_v he_o secundum_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o the_o king_n send_v forth_o his_o writ_n to_o summon_v a_o county_n court_n the_o debate_n last_v three_o day_n before_o the_o free_a man_n of_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o many_o chief_a man_n bishop_n and_o lord_n and_o other_o skilful_a in_o the_o law_n and_o the_o judgement_n pass_v for_o the_o archbishop_n lanfrank_n upon_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o free_a man_n this_o county_n court_n be_v hold_v by_o special_a summons_n and_o not_o by_o adjournment_n as_o be_v allowable_a by_o the_o saxon_a law_n upon_o special_a occasion_n and_o this_o suit_n be_v original_o begin_v and_o have_v its_o final_a determination_n in_o the_o county_n court_n and_o not_o bring_v by_o a_o tolt_n out_o of_o the_o hundred_o court_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o a_o honourable_a reporter_n nor_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n can_v the_o suit_n commence_v in_o the_o hundred_o because_o the_o land_n and_o tenement_n do_v lie_v in_o several_a hundred_o and_o county_n the_o upshot_n of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o county_n court_v in_o those_o day_n be_v of_o so_o great_a esteem_n that_o two_o of_o the_o great_a peer_n of_o the_o realm_n one_o a_o norman_a the_o other_o a_o italian_a do_v cast_v a_o title_n
sound_v as_o much_o as_o if_o the_o tenant_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o tenor_n to_o aid_v their_o lord_n in_o all_o case_n of_o extraordinary_a charge_n save_v that_o the_o lord_n can_v not_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n for_o aid_n to_o his_o war_n and_o this_o according_a to_o the_o lord_n discretion_n ibid._n ibid._n for_o glanvile_n 8_o glanv_n l._n 9_o c._n 8_o say_v that_o the_o law_n determine_v nothing_o concern_v the_o quantity_n or_o value_n of_o these_o aid_n these_o be_v the_o norman_a way_n and_o savour_v so_o much_o of_o lordship_n that_o within_o that_o age_n they_o be_v regulate_v but_o that_o of_o relief_n be_v a_o ancient_a sacrifice_n as_o of_o first_o fruit_n of_o the_o tenement_n to_o the_o lord_n in_o memorial_n of_o the_o first_o lord_n favour_n in_o confer_v that_o tenement_n ibid._n ibid._n and_o it_o be_v first_o settle_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n the_o lord_n privilege_n of_o power_n extend_v so_o far_o as_o to_o distrain_v his_o tenant_n into_o his_o own_o court_n to_o answer_v to_o himself_o in_o all_o cause_n that_o concern_v his_o right_n and_o so_o the_o lord_n become_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n which_o be_v soon_o feel_v and_o prevent_v as_o shall_v appear_v hereafter_o another_o privilege_n of_o the_o lord_n power_n be_v over_o the_o tenant_n heir_n after_o the_o tenant_n death_n in_o the_o dispose_n of_o the_o body_n during_o the_o minority_n and_o marriage_n of_o the_o same_o as_o touch_v the_o dispose_n of_o the_o body_n the_o lord_n either_o retain_v the_o same_o in_o his_o own_o power_n 7.10_o glanv_n 7.10_o or_o commit_v the_o same_o to_o other_o and_o this_o be_v do_v either_o pleno_fw-la jure_fw-la or_o render_v a_o account_n 12._o ibid._n c._n 12._o as_o concern_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o female_n that_o be_v heir_n or_o so_o apparent_a the_o parent_n in_o their_o life_n time_n can_v marry_v they_o without_o the_o lord_n consent_n nor_o may_v they_o marry_v themselves_o after_o their_o parent_n death_n without_o the_o same_o and_o the_o lord_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v their_o consent_n unless_o they_o can_v show_v cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n the_o like_a also_o of_o the_o tenant_n widow_n that_o have_v any_o dowry_n in_o the_o land_n of_o such_o tenure_n and_o by_o such_o like_a mean_n as_o these_o the_o power_n of_o the_o baron_n grow_v to_o that_o height_n that_o in_o the_o lump_n it_o be_v too_o massy_a both_o for_o prince_n and_o commons_o 14._o 14._o of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o last_o will._n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n that_o at_o the_o common_a law_n no_o man_n can_v devise_v his_o land_n by_o his_o last_n will_n if_o thereby_o it_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v against_o common_a reason_n i_o shall_v not_o touch_v that_o but_o if_o against_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a time_n i_o must_v suspend_v my_o concurrence_n therewith_o until_o those_o ancient_a time_n be_v define_v for_o as_o yet_o i_o find_v no_o testimony_n sufficient_a to_o assert_v that_o opinion_n but_o rather_o that_o the_o time_n hitherto_o have_v a_o sacred_a opinion_n of_o the_o last_o will_n as_o of_o the_o most_o serious_a sincere_a and_o advise_v declaration_n of_o the_o most_o inward_a desire_n of_o a_o man_n which_o be_v the_o main_a thing_n look_v unto_o in_o all_o conveyance_n voluntas_fw-la donatoris_fw-la de_fw-la cetero_fw-la observetur_fw-la and_o therefore_o nothing_o be_v more_o ordinary_a then_o for_o king_n in_o these_o time_n as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o do_v lie_v to_o dispose_v of_o their_o crown_n by_o their_o last_o will._n 3._o m._n paris_n an._n 1216._o hoveden_n an._n 1199._o malmsb._n nov_n l._n 1._o malmsb._n l._n 3._o thus_o king_n john_n appoint_v henry_n the_o three_o his_o successor_n and_o richard_n the_o first_o devise_v the_o crown_n to_o king_n john_n and_z henry_n the_o first_o give_v all_o his_o land_n to_o his_o daughter_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n by_o his_o last_o will_n give_v normandy_n to_o robert_n england_n to_o william_n and_o to_o henry_n his_o mother_n land_n if_o then_o thing_n of_o great_a moment_n under_o heaven_n be_v ordinary_o dispose_v by_o the_o last_o will_n be_v it_o then_o probable_a that_o the_o small_a free_a hold_n shall_v be_v of_o too_o high_a esteem_n to_o be_v credit_v to_o such_o conveyance_n i_o will_v not_o be_v mistake_v as_o if_o i_o think_v that_o crown_n and_o empire_n be_v at_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o last_o will_n of_o the_o possessor_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v that_o either_o they_o be_v thus_o in_o this_o kingdom_n or_o that_o there_o be_v any_o reason_n that_o can_v patronize_v that_o opinion_n yet_o it_o will_v be_v apparent_a that_o king_n have_v no_o sleight_n conceit_n of_o the_o last_o will_n and_o know_v no_o such_o infirmity_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n as_o be_v pretend_v or_o else_o will_v they_o never_o have_v spend_v that_o little_a breath_n leave_v they_o in_o vain_a 5._o glanvil_n l._n 7._o cap._n 1_o &_o 5._o i_o have_v observe_v the_o word_n of_o glanvile_n concern_v this_o point_n and_o i_o can_v find_v that_o he_o positive_o deni_v all_o conveyance_n of_o land_n by_o will_n but_o only_o in_o case_n of_o disherison_n the_o ground_n whereof_o be_v because_o its_o contrary_a to_o the_o conveyance_n of_o the_o law_n and_o yet_o in_o that_o case_n also_o allow_v of_o a_o dispose_n power_n by_o consent_n of_o the_o heir_n which_o can_v never_o make_v good_a conveyance_n if_o the_o will_n in_o that_o case_n be_v absolute_o void_a and_o therefore_o his_o authority_n lie_v not_o in_o the_o way_n nor_o do_v the_o particular_a custom_n of_o place_n discountenance_v but_o rather_o advance_v this_o opinion_n for_o if_o devise_v of_o land_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o tenure_n in_o gavell_n kind_a and_o that_o so_o general_a in_o old_a time_n as_o also_o to_o the_o burgage_n tenor_n 61._o ll._n gulielm_n cap._n 61._o which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o corporation_n and_o city_n vbi_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la deperiri_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la nec_fw-la defraudari_fw-la nec_fw-la violari_fw-la how_o can_v it_o be_v say_v contrary_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o therefore_o those_o conveyance_n of_o land_n by_o last_o will_n that_o be_v in_o and_o after_o these_o time_n hold_v in_o use_n seem_v to_o i_o rather_o remnant_n of_o the_o more_o general_a custom_n waste_v by_o positive_a law_n then_o particular_a custom_n grow_v up_o against_o the_o common_a rule_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o clergy_n put_v a_o power_n into_o the_o pope_n to_o alter_v the_o law_n 587._o m._n paris_n an._n 1181._o hove_v an._n 1181._o decret_n alex._n pap_n hoveden_n foe_fw-mi 587._o as_o touch_v themselves_o in_o some_o case_n for_o roger_n archbishop_n of_o york_n procure_v a_o faculty_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o ordain_v that_o no_o ecclesiastical_a person_n will_v shall_v be_v good_a unless_o make_v in_o health_n and_o not_o lie_v in_o extremity_n and_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o archbishop_n shall_v possess_v himself_o of_o all_o such_o party_n good_n but_o as_o it_o last_v not_o long_o so_o be_v himself_o make_v a_o precedent_n in_o the_o case_n for_o be_v overtake_v with_o death_n ere_o he_o be_v provide_v he_o make_v his_o will_n in_o his_o sickness_n and_o henry_n the_o second_o possess_v himself_o of_o his_o estate_n and_o it_o be_v as_o true_a that_o femme_fw-fr covert_n in_o these_o day_n can_v make_v no_o will_n of_o their_o reasonable_a part_n 16._o glanv_n l._n 7._o cap._n 5_o &_o 16._o because_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n it_o belong_v joint_o to_o the_o child_n nor_o can_v usurer_n continue_v in_o that_o course_n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o death_n make_v their_o will_n because_o their_o personal_a estate_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n after_o their_o death_n and_o their_o land_n to_o their_o lord_n by_o escheat_n although_o before_o death_n they_o lie_v open_a to_o no_o censure_n of_o law_n but_o this_o be_v by_o a_o especial_a law_n make_v since_o the_o conqueror_n time_n for_o by_o the_o saxon_a law_n they_o be_v repute_v as_o outlaw_n nevertheless_o all_o these_o do_v but_o strengthen_v the_o general_a rule_n 37._o ll._n edw._n 37._o viz._n that_o regular_o the_o last_o will_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o general_a a_o good_a conveyance_n in_o law_n if_o the_o will_n be_v only_o intend_v and_o not_o perfect_v or_o no_o will_n be_v make_v than_o the_o land_n pass_v by_o descent_n and_o the_o good_n hold_v course_n according_a to_o the_o saxon_a law_n 8._o glanv_n l._n 7._o c._n 6._o cap._n 8._o viz._n the_o next_o kinsman_n and_o friend_n of_o the_o intestate_a do_v administer_v and_o as_o administrator_n they_o may_v sue_v by_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n although_o the_o clergy_n have_v now_o obtain_v so_o much_o power_n as_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o a_o legacy_n or_o for_o the_o determine_n
about_o these_o time_n and_o therewith_o end_v both_o the_o work_n and_o common_a use_n of_o the_o ancient_a iter_n and_o yet_o all_o these_o late_a court_n joint_o consider_v have_v not_o the_o like_a comprehensive_a power_n that_o the_o iter_n have_v for_o they_o have_v the_o power_n of_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o cause_n both_o of_o the_o crown_n and_o common-plea_n albeit_o in_o a_o different_a manner_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o the_o first_o time_n promiscuous_o unite_v into_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n but_o soon_o after_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o more_o clear_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o that_o power_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a person_n some_o sit_v upon_o the_o common_a plea_n other_o upon_o the_o crown_n plea_n the_o judge_n of_o these_o journey_a court_n be_v special_o assign_v by_o the_o king_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o gaole-delivery_n or_o settle_v by_o the_o law_n upon_o the_o judge_n of_o both_o bench_n at_o westminster_n as_o in_o case_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n 29_o westm_n 2._o ca._n 29_o and_o of_o the_o assize_n or_o nisi_fw-la prius_fw-la save_v that_o in_o the_o last_o case_n they_o be_v associate_v with_o knight_n in_o the_o county_n for_o the_o take_n of_o assizes_n 30._o ibid._n c._n 30._o now_o concern_v the_o court_n that_o be_v settle_v some_o be_v settle_v or_o annex_v to_o the_o king_n personal_a residence_n as_o the_o chancellor_n court_n for_o in_o these_o time_n it_o begin_v to_o have_v a_o judiciary_n power_n of_o eminent_a stature_n and_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o decay_n of_o the_o great_a chief_a justice_n of_o england_n then_o also_o the_o king_n bench_n be_v annex_v by_o the_o same_o law_n unto_o the_o king_n court_n or_o personal_a residence_n 15._o fleta_n artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 15._o as_o it_o ancient_o ever_o have_v that_o honour_n although_o it_o seem_v the_o endeavour_n be_v to_o make_v it_o like_o the_o common_a plea_n in_o that_o particular_a another_z and_z last_o court_n that_o be_v settle_v in_o this_o manner_n be_v the_o marshal_n court_n which_o in_o the_o original_n only_o concern_v the_o king_n household_n but_o afterward_o compass_v in_o a_o distance_n of_o the_o neighbour_a place_n 129._o 5_o e._n 4_o foe_n 129._o because_o the_o king_n attendant_n be_v many_o in_o those_o time_n when_o as_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n continual_o attend_v on_o his_o person_n and_o this_o precinct_n be_v call_v the_o verge_n and_o all_o case_n of_o debt_n and_o covenant_n where_o both_o party_n be_v of_o the_o household_n 3._o artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 3._o and_o of_o trespass_n vi_o &_o armis_fw-la where_n one_o of_o they_o be_v of_o the_o household_n be_v handle_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o verge_n or_o the_o marshal_n court_n and_o inquest_n of_o death_n within_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v take_v by_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n with_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o household_n other_o court_n be_v rural_a and_o affix_v also_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n either_o of_o the_o county_n or_o town_n or_o other_o particular_a place_n that_o of_o the_o county_n suffer_v in_o these_o time_n great_a diminution_n even_o almost_o to_o destruction_n by_o a_o law_n restrain_v the_o power_n thereof_o only_o to_o trespass_n of_o 40_o s._n value_n or_o under_o 8._o stat._n gouc_n cap._n 8._o for_o though_o former_o the_o king_n justice_n encroach_v upon_o the_o county_n court_v and_o contract_a suit_n before_o themselves_o which_o by_o the_o ancient_a law_n they_o ought_v not_o yet_o it_o be_v ever_o illegal_a and_o the_o county_n court_v hold_v their_o right_n till_o this_o law_n be_v make_v which_o keep_v under_o those_o inferior_a court_n and_o make_v they_o of_o less_o account_n then_o former_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n justicy_n or_o writ_n to_o the_o sheriff_n oftentimes_o enable_v the_o inferior_a court_n to_o have_v cognisance_n of_o case_n of_o great_a value_n last_o a_o rule_n be_v set_v to_o the_o small_a court_n of_o corporation_n 23._o west_n 1._o cap._n 23._o fair_n and_o market_n viz._n that_o no_o person_n shall_v be_v sue_v in_o any_o of_o they_o which_o be_v not_o a_o debtor_n or_o pledge_n there_o chap._n lxix_o of_o coroner_n sheriff_n and_o crown_v plea_n 10_o coroner_n westm_n 1._o ca._n 10_o corener_n shall_v be_v choose_v in_o the_o county_n from_o the_o wise_a great_a and_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o country_n of_o these_o officer_n former_o have_v be_v speak_v as_o touch_v their_o election_n qualification_n and_o work_v this_o law_n bring_v in_o no_o change_n of_o any_o former_a law_n but_o only_o of_o a_o former_a custom_n gain_v by_o these_o degenerate_v time_n which_o bring_v man_n into_o place_n that_o be_v far_o unfit_a who_o otherwise_o of_o poor_a and_o mean_a condition_n maintain_v themselves_o by_o bribery_n and_o extortion_n and_o be_v find_v guilty_a have_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v recompense_n this_o law_n therefore_o revive_v the_o first_o law_n and_o hold_v these_o man_n to_o their_o work_n of_o take_v inquest_n and_o appeal_n by_o indenture_n between_o themselves_o and_o the_o sheriff_n and_o these_o be_v to_o be_v certify_v at_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n 9_o sheriff_n artic._n sup_v cart_n cap._n 9_o the_o free_a holder_n in_o every_o county_n if_o they_o will_v shall_v elect_v their_o own_o sheriff_n unless_o the_o sheriffwicke_n be_v hold_v in_o see_v this_o be_v indeed_o the_o ancient_a custom_n as_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v eligible_a by_o the_o common-council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 2._o miror_fw-la cap._n 1._o sec._n 3._o stat._n the_o vic_a 9_o e._n 2._o so_o be_v also_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o county_n choose_v by_o the_o county_n but_o within_o a_o few_o year_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o come_v another_o law_n that_o the_o sheriff_n shall_v be_v appoint_v by_o the_o chancellor_n treasurer_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o the_o justice_n which_o law_n be_v make_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n as_o by_o the_o file_n of_o that_o statute_n do_v more_o full_o appear_v for_o though_o at_o the_o first_o blush_v it_o may_v seem_v a_o privilege_n lose_v by_o the_o free_a man_n that_o these_o great_a man_n shall_v have_v the_o election_n of_o the_o sheriff_n yet_o it_o prove_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o the_o common_a quiet_n of_o the_o people_n in_o those_o time_n of_o party_n and_o be_v so_o apprehend_v otherwise_o as_o the_o case_n stand_v in_o those_o day_n of_o edward_n the_o second_o it_o be_v no_o time_n for_o he_o to_o gain_v upon_o the_o people_n liberty_n nor_o have_v the_o statute_n of_o articuli_fw-la super_fw-la cartas_fw-la whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v be_v pen_v with_o these_o word_n if_o they_o will_v and_o questionless_a in_o these_o day_n we_o now_o live_v in_o if_o the_o people_n have_v but_o a_o little_a taste_n of_o this_o seem_a liberty_n of_o elect_a sheriff_n in_o the_o county_n court_n as_o former_o it_o be_v use_v it_o will_v be_v soon_o perceive_v that_o the_o election_n of_o these_o chief_a officer_n be_v better_o dispose_v in_o some_o other_o hand_n if_o right_o pursue_v homicide_n by_o misfortune_n shall_v not_o be_v adjudge_v murder_n 25._o chancemedly_n marlbr_n cap._n 25._o that_o the_o saxon_n make_v difference_n between_o homicide_n by_o misfortune_n and_o that_o which_o be_v do_v felleo_fw-la animo_fw-la or_o with_o a_o spirit_n of_o gall_n former_o have_v be_v show_v now_o what_o it_o be_v that_o alter_v the_o case_n i_o can_v say_v unless_o the_o violence_n cruelty_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o time_n former_o all_o kind_n of_o manslaughter_n be_v finable_a i_o mean_v in_o the_o norman_a time_n and_o so_o may_v more_o rational_o be_v rank_v into_o one_o degree_n but_o now_o the_o punishment_n begin_v to_o change_v from_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o loss_n of_o member_n to_o death_n and_o forfeiture_n of_o estate_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o necessary_a to_o make_v the_o difference_n in_o the_o penalty_n see_v in_o the_o fine_a former_o a_o difference_n be_v observe_v and_o this_o difference_n to_o assert_v by_o a_o law_n that_o may_v limit_v the_o invenomed_a spirit_n of_o the_o judge_n of_o those_o day_n robbery_n robbery_n robbery_n punish_v with_o death_n this_o crime_n hitherto_o be_v punish_v by_o fine_a and_o loss_n of_o member_n at_o the_o utmost_a but_o be_v now_o make_v capital_a &_o punish_v with_o death_n one_o example_n whereof_o and_o the_o first_o that_o story_n make_v mention_n of_o we_o find_v of_o a_o irish_a nobleman_n in_o the_o day_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o who_o suffer_v death_n for_o piracy_n and_o it_o be_v a_o law_n that_o then_o though_o rigorous_a yet_o seasonable_o be_v contrive_v to_o retard_v the_o beginning_n and_o hasten_v the_o conclusion_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n in_o a_o
further_a work_n to_o make_v a_o man_n a_o knight_n then_o his_o bare_a tenure_n for_o such_o only_o be_v milites_fw-la facti_fw-la who_o have_v both_o land_n sufficient_a to_o maintain_v the_o arm_n and_o state_n of_o a_o knight_n and_o also_o a_o body_n fit_a to_o undertake_v the_o service_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o whereof_o he_o have_v give_v sufficient_a proof_n in_o the_o field_n other_o that_o have_v land_n either_o have_v not_o sufficient_a maintenance_n or_o not_o habiliment_n of_o person_n and_o as_o not_o expect_v be_v lay_v aside_o of_o this_o sort_n be_v many_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n in_o which_o they_o have_v much_o impair_v both_o their_o body_n and_o estate_n this_o render_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o militia_n so_o much_o decay_v and_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n so_o wear_v that_o they_o begin_v to_o love_v ease_n before_o the_o time_n will_v brook_v it_o and_o a_o cessation_n from_o arm_n before_o they_o have_v any_o mind_n to_o peace_n the_o parliament_n espy_v the_o danger_n &_o how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o people_n to_o be_v well_o arm_v in_o these_o time_n of_o general_a broil_n and_o upon_o that_o ground_n allow_v this_o law_n to_o pass_v that_o all_o such_o as_o have_v land_n worth_a 20_o li._n yearly_a beside_o reprisal_n shall_v be_v ready_a not_o to_o be_v knight_n nor_o under_o the_o favour_n of_o other_o be_v there_o any_o ancient_a precedent_n to_o warrant_v it_o but_o to_o find_v or_o to_o enter_v the_o field_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o a_o knight_n or_o provide_v some_o able_a person_n to_o serve_v in_o their_o stead_n unless_o they_o be_v under_o 21_o year_n of_o age_n and_o so_o not_o grow_v up_o to_o full_a strength_n of_o body_n nor_o their_o land_n in_o their_o own_o possession_n but_o in_o custody_n of_o their_o lord_n or_o guardian_n nevertheless_o of_o such_o as_o be_v grow_v to_o full_a age_n yet_o be_v maim_v impotent_a or_o of_o mean_a estate_n and_o tenant_n by_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n it_o be_v have_v into_o a_o way_n of_o moderation_n and_o order_v that_o such_o shall_v pay_v a_o reasonable_a fine_a for_o respite_n of_o such_o service_n nor_o further_o as_o concern_v their_o person_n be_v they_o bind_v but_o as_o tothe_v such_o that_o be_v under_o present_a only_o and_o not_o perpetual_a disability_n of_o body_n upon_o they_o incumbent_n as_o often_o as_o occasion_n call_v they_o serve_v by_o their_o deputy_n or_o servant_n all_o which_o be_v ground_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o henry_n the_o second_o but_o also_o upon_o common_a right_n of_o tenure_n the_o arm_n that_o these_o man_n be_v to_o find_v be_v say_v to_o be_v those_o belong_v to_o a_o knight_n which_o be_v partly_o for_o defence_n and_o partly_o for_o offence_n of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o shield_n the_o helmet_n the_o hauberk_n or_o breastplate_n or_o coat_n of_o mail_n of_o the_o second_o sort_n be_v the_o sword_n and_o lance_n and_o unto_o all_o a_o horse_n must_v be_v provide_v these_o arm_n especial_o the_o defensive_a have_v be_v former_o under_o alteration_n for_o the_o breastplate_n can_v not_o be_v wear_v with_o the_o coat_n of_o mail_n and_o therefore_o must_v be_v use_v as_o occasion_n be_v provide_v of_o either_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o service_n of_o a_o knight_n be_v call_v by_o several_a name_n sometime_o from_o the_o horse_n sometime_o from_o the_o lance_n sometime_o from_o the_o helmet_n and_o not_o seldom_o from_o the_o coat_n of_o mail_n the_o power_n of_o immediate_a command_n or_o call_v forth_o the_o knight_n to_o their_o service_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n be_v but_o ministerial_a and_o subservient_fw-fr to_o that_o power_n that_o order_a war_n to_o be_v levy_v and_o therefore_o as_o in_o the_o first-saxon_a government_n under_o their_o prince_n in_o germany_n so_o after_o under_o their_o king_n tacitur_fw-la tacitur_fw-la war_n be_v never_o resolve_v upon_o but_o if_o it_o be_v defensive_a it_o be_v by_o the_o counsel_n of_o lord_n if_o offensive_a by_o the_o general_a vote_n of_o the_o grand_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o by_o virtue_n of_o such_o order_n either_o from_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n or_o grand_a council_n the_o knight_n be_v call_v forth_o to_o war_n and_o other_o as_o the_o case_n require_v summon_v to_o a_o rendezvouz_n and_o this_o instumentall_a power_n regular_o rest_v in_o the_o lord_n to_o who_o such_o service_n be_v due_a and_o the_o lord_n be_v summon_v by_o the_o lord_n paramont_n as_o chief_a of_o the_o fee_n of_o which_o their_o tenant_n be_v hold_v and_o not_o as_o king_n or_o chief_a captain_n in_o the_o field_n for_o they_o be_v not_o raise_v by_o proclamation_n but_o by_o summons_n issue_v forth_o to_o the_o sheriff_n with_o distress_n and_o this_o only_a against_o such_o as_o be_v within_o his_o own_o fee_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o crown_n the_o king_n therefore_o may_v have_v many_o knight_n at_o his_o command_n but_o the_o lord_n more_o and_o if_o those_o lord_n fail_v in_o their_o due_a correspondency_n with_o the_o king_n all_o those_o of_o the_o inferior_a orb_n be_v carry_v away_o after_o they_o so_o the_o king_n be_v leave_v to_o shift_v for_o himself_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v and_o this_o may_v be_v occasion_v not_o only_o from_o their_o tenor_n by_o which_o they_o stand_v oblige_v to_o the_o inferior_a lord_n but_o probable_o much_o more_o by_o their_o popularity_n which_o be_v more_o prevalent_a by_o how_o much_o king_n look_v upon_o the_o commons_o at_o a_o further_a distance_n in_o those_o day_n then_o in_o after_o time_n when_o the_o commons_o interpose_v intentive_o in_o the_o public_a government_n and_o thus_o the_o horseman_n of_o england_n become_v less_o constant_a in_o adhere_v to_o their_o sovereign_n in_o the_o field_n occasion_v king_n to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o foot_n and_o to_o form_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o battle_n whole_o in_o they_o and_o themselves_o on_o foot_n to_o engage_v with_o they_o one_o point_n of_o liberty_n these_o soldier_n by_o tenure_n have_v which_o make_v their_o service_n not_o altogether_o servile_a and_o that_o be_v that_o their_o service_n in_o the_o field_n be_v neither_o indefinite_a nor_o infinite_a but_o circumscribe_v by_o place_n time_n and_o end_n the_o time_n of_o their_o service_n for_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o be_v for_o a_o set_a time_n if_o it_o be_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o although_o some_o have_v a_o short_a time_n yet_o the_o general_a sort_n be_v restrain_v to_o forty_o day_n for_o the_o courage_n of_o those_o time_n consist_v not_o in_o weary_v and_o waste_v the_o soldier_n in_o the_o field_n by_o delay_n and_o long_o work_v in_o wheel_v about_o and_o retire_v but_o in_o play_v their_o prize_n like_o two_o combatant_n of_o resolution_n to_o get_v victory_n by_o valour_n or_o to_o die_v if_o upon_o extraordinary_a occasion_n the_o war_n continue_v long_o than_o the_o tenant_n serve_v upon_o the_o pay_n of_o the_o common_a purse_n the_o end_n of_o the_o service_n of_o the_o tenant_n viz._n their_o lord_n defence_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n stint_v their_o work_n within_o certain_a bound_n of_o place_n beyond_o which_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v unless_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n and_o these_o be_v the_o border_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n which_o in_o those_o day_n extend_v into_o scotland_n on_o the_o north_n and_o into_o a_o great_a part_n of_o france_n on_o the_o south_n and_o therefore_o the_o earl_n martial_n of_o england_n be_v by_o edw._n 1._o command_v by_o virtue_n of_o his_o tenure_n to_o attend_v in_o person_n upon_o the_o standart_n under_o his_o lieutenant_n that_o then_o be_v to_o be_v send_v into_o flanders_n which_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n refuse_v and_o notwithstanding_o the_o king_n threat_n to_o hang_v he_o yet_o he_o persist_v say_v he_o will_v neither_o go_v nor_o hang._n not_o only_o because_o the_o tenant_n by_o knight_n service_n be_v bind_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o lord_n person_n and_o not_o of_o their_o lieutenant_n but_o principal_o because_o they_o be_v to_o serve_v for_o the_o safety_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v draw_v into_o foreign_a country_n nor_o do_v the_o earl_n marshal_v only_o this_o 71._o walse_v foe_fw-mi 69._o &_o 71._o but_o many_o other_o also_o both_o knight_n and_o knight_n fellow_n have_v twenty_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o all_o these_o with_o their_o arm_n be_v summon_v to_o serve_v under_o the_o king_n pay_v in_o flanders_n i_o say_v multitude_n of_o they_o refuse_v to_o serve_v and_o afterward_o join_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o commons_o in_o a_o petition_n to_o the_o
chap._n lxxi_o of_o the_o peace_n war_n and_o peace_n be_v two_o birth_n by_o several_a venture_n and_o may_v like_v the_o day_n and_o night_n succeed_v but_o can_v never_o inherit_v each_o to_o other_o and_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o may_v claim_v to_o belong_v to_o one_o father_n and_o that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n shall_v act_v in_o both_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v no_o good_a maxim_n that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o chief_a commander_n in_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a in_o the_o order_n of_o peace_n for_o it_o natural_o befall_v that_o war_n especial_o that_o which_o we_o call_v civil_a war_n like_o some_o disease_n in_o the_o body_n do_v rather_o breed_v ill_a humour_n than_o consume_v they_o and_o these_o must_v be_v purge_v by_o diet_v the_o state_n and_o constant_a course_n of_o justice_n unto_o which_o the_o rugged_a wave_n of_o war_n have_v little_a or_o no_o affinity_n if_o not_o enmity_n nevertheless_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o ancestor_n think_v it_o most_o meet_a to_o keep_v their_o king_n in_o work_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o of_o war_n and_o therefore_o as_o they_o ancient_o refer_v the_o principal_a care_n thereof_o to_o the_o lord_n who_o together_o with_o certain_a select_a person_n in_o every_o county_n do_v administer_v justice_n in_o several_a iter_n or_o circuit_n so_o when_o king_n have_v once_o get_v the_o name_n of_o be_v chief_a in_o civil_a affair_n as_o they_o have_v it_o in_o martial_a they_o soon_o leave_v the_o lord_n behind_o they_o who_o also_o be_v willing_a enough_o with_o their_o own_o ease_n and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o do_v all_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v do_v by_o advice_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o directory_n of_o minister_n or_o commissioner_n thereto_o depute_v and_o thus_o that_o peace_n which_o former_o pass_v under_o the_o title_n of_o pax_fw-la domini_fw-la pax_fw-la vice_fw-la comitis_fw-la it_o be_v pax_fw-la regni_fw-la become_v by_o eminency_n swallow_v up_o in_o that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n peace_n and_o the_o justice_n call_v the_o king_n justice_n and_o himself_o flatter_v into_o that_o title_n of_o fountain_n of_o justice_n which_o belong_v only_o to_o he_o that_o be_v the_o most_o high_a or_o chief_a lawgiver_n the_o manner_n how_o this_o honourable_a care_n of_o the_o safety_n and_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v employ_v may_v be_v refer_v to_o a_o double_a consideration_n the_o one_o in_o execution_n of_o justice_n upon_o delinquent_n the_o other_o in_o prevent_v occasion_n of_o offence_n or_o delinquency_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o public_a peace_n may_v be_v endanger_v the_o first_o be_v act_v diverse_o according_a to_o the_o present_a sense_n of_o affair_n for_o what_o be_v at_o first_o do_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o their_o circuit_n tacitus_n tacitus_n with_o one_o hundred_o of_o the_o commons_o call_v comites_fw-la and_o that_o do_v per_fw-la pagos_fw-la vicesque_fw-la be_v afterward_o do_v by_o itinerant_a judge_n send_v from_o the_o king_n for_o the_o great_a matter_n and_o by_o lord_n in_o their_o leet_n governor_n or_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o town_n in_o their_o court_n and_o sheriff_n in_o their_o tornes_n as_o judices_fw-la stati_fw-la for_o the_o ease_n of_o the_o people_n in_o matter_n of_o less_o moment_n i_o say_v i_o conceive_v it_o be_v in_o the_o tear_v for_o i_o suppose_v no_o emergent_a court_n take_v up_o upon_o occasion_n can_v by_o the_o law_n draw_v a_o necessity_n of_o a_o sudden_a appearance_n of_o all_o above_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n at_o the_o same_o 25._o 52_o hen._n 3._o marlb_n cap._n 25._o and_o for_o the_o same_o cause_n it_o seem_v that_o one_o certain_a tear_v every_o year_n be_v hold_v for_o inquiry_n of_o homicide_n unto_o which_o all_o above_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n be_v to_o come_v except_o baron_n clergy_n and_o woman_n or_o otherwise_o all_o such_o have_v be_v bind_v to_o attendance_n on_o every_o tear_v nevertheless_o the_o work_n of_o the_o tornes_n continue_v not_o to_o hear_v and_o determine_v as_o ancient_o they_o have_v do_v for_o in_o henry_n the_o three_o time_n and_o former_o divers_a man_n have_v prison_n to_o their_o own_o use_n some_o as_o palatine_n 9_o mitor_n cap._n 2._o sec._n 9_o other_o as_o lord_n of_o franchise_n and_o other_o by_o power_n and_o usurpation_n and_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o all_o fine_n incident_a and_o by_o this_o mean_v many_o be_v fine_v that_o deserve_v it_o not_o 19_o mag._n cart_n cap._n 19_o and_o some_o also_o that_o deserve_v worse_o to_o prevent_v which_o evil_a henry_n the_o three_o take_v away_o that_o power_n of_o hold_v crown-plea_n 3._o glocest_n cap._n 8._o west_n 1._o cap._n 3._o and_o edward_n the_o first_o take_v away_o their_o power_n to_o determine_v escape_n and_o leave_v they_o only_o the_o power_n of_o inquiry_n and_o to_o certify_v at_o the_o next_o come_v of_o the_o justice_n but_o these_o injurious_a time_n have_v hold_v too_o long_o to_o be_v forget_v or_o lay_v aside_o by_o such_o cool_a pursuit_n man_n be_v still_o ordinary_o imprison_v and_o so_o continue_v oftentimes_o till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a for_o whereas_o in_o case_n of_o bloodshed_n the_o writ_n de_fw-fr odio_fw-la &_o gratia_fw-la be_v a_o remedy_n the_o other_o have_v no_o remedy_n but_o by_o procure_v a_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n which_o ordinary_o be_v a_o cure_n worse_o than_o the_o hurt_n 1._o stat._n wint._n 13_o edw._n 1._o as_o a_o remedy_n hereof_o edward_n the_o first_o find_v out_o the_o new_a way_n of_o make_v justice_n of_o peace_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o statute_n at_o winton_n which_o law_n be_v purposely_o make_v for_o the_o conserve_n of_o the_o peace_n provide_v for_o penalty_n of_o crime_n already_o commit_v as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o suppress_n of_o future_a ordain_v that_o offence_n against_o that_o law_n shall_v be_v present_v to_o justice_n assign_v to_o inquire_v thereof_o and_o though_o these_o at_o the_o first_o may_v be_v itinerant_a yet_o it_o soon_o make_v way_n to_o resiant_a and_o before_o that_o statute_n it_o seem_v the_o king_n have_v find_v out_o the_o way_n 176_o coke_n inst_z 4._o p._n 176_o if_o that_o note_n be_v true_a which_o be_v leave_v revive_v into_o memory_n by_o that_o honourable_a reporter_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o six_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o say_v that_o then_o prima_fw-la fuit_fw-la institutio_fw-la justiciariorum_fw-la pro_fw-la pace_fw-la conservanda_fw-la and_o yet_o some_o semblance_n there_o be_v that_o it_o be_v yet_o more_o ancient_a even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n 1._o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o the_o sense_n of_o that_o clause_n in_o his_o law_n concern_v vagabond_n he_o order_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v carry_v justiciae_fw-la quae_fw-la praeest_fw-la 58._o hen._n 1._o cap._n 58._o although_o the_o language_n be_v not_o so_o clerkly_a as_o to_o speak_v the_o sense_n out_o now_o though_o their_o work_n as_o yet_o be_v but_o in_o trial_n and_o they_o be_v only_o trust_v with_o power_n of_o inquiry_n yet_o it_o induce_v a_o new_a way_n wherein_o the_o sheriff_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o entrust_v to_o intermeddle_v and_o which_o not_o only_o intermit_v the_o course_n of_o his_o proceed_n in_o such_o matter_n but_o also_o lead_v the_o way_n to_o the_o dispoil_n of_o the_o sheriff_n tear_v and_o lord_n leet_n of_o that_o little_a remainder_n that_o be_v leave_v they_o of_o judicatory_a power_n in_o matter_n that_o be_v against_o the_o peace_n and_o make_v their_o inquisitory_a power_n less_o regardful_a and_o ease_v the_o justice_n itinerant_a of_o much_o of_o their_o work_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v speedy_o to_o certify_v up_o to_o the_o king_n and_o so_o these_o matter_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o parliament_n according_a as_o those_o justice_n be_v elect_v in_o parliament_n who_o as_o it_o seem_v be_v jealous_a of_o give_v the_o power_n of_o determine_v those_o offence_n into_o any_o sudden_a hand_n to_o sum_n up_o then_o the_o first_o part_n as_o touch_v the_o punishment_n of_o offence_n against_o the_o peace_n the_o wheel_n be_v now_o in_o the_o turn_n the_o leet_n and_o tornes_n begin_v to_o be_v slight_v the_o labour_n of_o the_o justice_n itinerant_a lessen_v the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n difuse_v by_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o a_o new_a order_n of_o justice_n for_o the_o peace_n especial_o appoint_v and_o the_o parliament_n as_o the_o supreme_a providor_n leave_v as_o the_o reserve_n for_o the_o assert_v and_o maintenance_n of_o the_o same_o albeit_o that_o under_o it_o the_o power_n of_o determine_v much_o rest_v upon_o justice_n or_o judge_n that_o attend_v the_o king_n court_n after_o that_o the_o common_a plea_n be_v settle_v and_o confine_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n the_o preserve_n of_o the_o peace_n for_o the_o future_a
in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o former_a 558._o adultery_n fornication_n council_n brit._n p._n 558._o for_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n have_v cognisance_n thereof_o so_o far_o as_o touch_v the_o temporal_a penalty_n and_o to_o give_v they_o as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v allow_v its_o probable_a that_o in_o all_o or_o most_o of_o the_o case_n forego_v they_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o advise_v in_o determine_v of_o the_o crime_n and_o declare_v the_o law_n or_o define_v the_o matter_n for_o in_o those_o ignorant_a time_n it_o can_v not_o be_v expect_v from_o any_o other_o but_o how_o the_o cognisance_n of_o tithe_n creep_v under_o their_o wing_n tithe_n tithe_n may_v be_v much_o more_o wonder_v at_o for_o that_o it_o be_v original_o from_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o people_n nor_o can_v a_o better_a ground_n be_v find_v by_o i_o then_o this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o late_a original_n for_o till_o the_o seven_o century_n the_o time_n be_v troublesome_a and_o no_o settle_a maintenance_n can_v be_v expect_v for_o the_o ministry_n where_o man_n be_v not_o in_o some_o certainty_n of_o their_o daily_a bread_n and_o as_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o this_o title_n be_v ever_o in_o any_o positive_a nationall_n law_n before_o the_o time_n of_o charlemagne_n in_o who_o time_n by_o a_o synod_n of_o clergy_n and_o laity_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o tithe_n shall_v be_v gather_v by_o select_a person_n to_o pay_v the_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n hadubrand_n synod_n durien_n cap._n 7._o an._n 785._o rabban_n epist_n ad_fw-la hadubrand_n so_o neither_o can_v i_o find_v any_o saxon_a nationall_n constitution_n to_o settle_v this_o duty_n till_o alfred_n time_n although_o the_o church_n man_n have_v they_o as_o a_o voluntary_a gift_n so_o far_o as_o touch_v the_o quota_fw-la pars_fw-la for_o the_o space_n of_o well_o nigh_o a_o hundred_o year_n before_o but_o alfred_n make_v a_o nationall_n law_n under_o a_o penalty_n to_o enforce_v this_o duty_n 377_o council_n brit._n p._n 377_o which_o the_o canon_n can_v not_o wring_v from_o the_o saxon_n how_o dreadful_a soever_o the_o censure_n prove_v and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o church_n have_v their_o remedy_n by_o ecclesiastical_a censure_n for_o the_o matter_n in_o fact_n and_o also_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n the_o cognisance_n in_o point_n of_o right_n albeit_o future_a time_n introduce_v a_o change_n herein_o chap._n xv._o a_o brief_a censure_n of_o the_o saxon_a prelatical_a church-government_n this_o that_o i_o have_v say_v might_n at_o the_o first_o view_n seem_v to_o represent_v a_o curious_a structure_n of_o church_n policy_n which_o may_v have_v put_v a_o period_n to_o time_n itself_o but_o to_o speak_v sine_fw-la ira_fw-la &_o study_v the_o height_n be_v too_o great_a consider_v the_o foundation_n and_o therefore_o ever_o weak_a and_o in_o need_n of_o prop_n the_o foundation_n be_v neither_o on_o the_o rock_n nor_o on_o good_a ground_n but_o by_o a_o gin_n screw_v to_o the_o roman_a consistory_n or_o like_o a_o castle_n in_o the_o air_n hang_v upon_o a_o pin_n of_o favour_n of_o king_n and_o great_a man_n at_o the_o first_o they_o think_v best_a to_o temporise_v and_o to_o hold_v both_o these_o their_o string_n to_o their_o bow_n but_o feel_v themselves_o somewhat_o underprop_v by_o the_o conscience_n of_o the_o ignorant_a people_n they_o soon_o grow_v wondrous_a brave_a even_o to_o the_o jealousy_n of_o prince_n which_o also_o be_v know_v so_o notorious_o that_o the_o public_a synod_n ring_v that_o the_o prelate_n love_v not_o prince_n 747._o council_n brit._n p._n 254._o an._n 747._o but_o emulate_v they_o and_o envy_v their_o greatness_n and_o pursue_v they_o with_o detraction_n and_o if_o the_o cloth_n may_v be_v judge_v by_o the_o list_n that_o one_o example_n of_o wilfrid_n archbishop_n of_o york_n will_v speak_v much_o he_o be_v once_o so_o humble_a mind_a as_o he_o will_v always_o go_v on_o foot_n to_o preach_v the_o word_n 680._o malmesb._n gest_n pontiff_n lib._n 3._o an._n 680._o but_o by_o that_o time_n he_o be_v warm_a in_o his_o archbishop_n robe_n he_o be_v serve_v in_o vessel_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o with_o troop_n of_o follower_n in_o such_o gallantry_n as_o his_o pomp_n be_v envy_v of_o the_o queen_n a_o strange_a growth_n of_o prelacy_n in_o so_o small_a a_o space_n as_o eighty_o year_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o stormy_a time_n such_o as_o than_o afflict_a this_o poor_a country_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o for_o never_o do_v pride_n lead_v the_o way_n but_o some_o other_o base_a vice_n follow_v i_o will_v not_o mention_v the_o life_n of_o the_o monk_n nun_n and_o other_o clerk_n 745._o boniface_n epist_n ad_fw-la cutbertum_n an._n 745._o malmsbury_n speak_v sufficient_o of_o their_o luxury_n drunkenness_n quarrel_v and_o fight_v other_o witness_v thereto_o and_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o clergy_n seldom_o read_v the_o scripture_n and_o do_v never_o preach_v and_o be_v so_o gross_o ignorant_a that_o alfred_n the_o king_n be_v a_o diligent_a translator_n of_o latin_a writer_n into_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n render_v this_o reason_n because_o they_o will_v be_v very_o useful_a to_o some_o of_o his_o bishop_n that_o understand_v not_o the_o latin_a tongue_n 379._o council_n brit._n p._n 379._o nor_o be_v the_o presbyter_n of_o another_o die_n for_o that_o king_n bewail_v their_o ignorance_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o wolfegus_fw-la say_v that_o those_o which_o be_v the_o gradu_fw-la spirituali_fw-la be_v come_v to_o that_o condition_n that_o few_o of_o they_o on_o this_o side_n humber_n can_v understand_v their_o common_a prayer_n or_o translate_v they_o into_o saxon_n and_o so_o few_o as_o i_o do_v not_o say_v he_o rememember_v one_o on_o this_o side_n the_o thames_n when_o i_o begin_v to_o reign_v and_o the_o synod_n that_o shall_v have_v salve_v all_o covers_z the_o sore_a with_o this_o canonical_a plaster_n that_o those_o of_o the_o clergy_n that_o can_v not_o say_v domine_fw-la miserere_fw-la in_o latin_a 747._o council_n brit._n p._n 248._o &_o 253._o an._n 747._o shall_v instead_o thereof_o say_v lord_n have_v mercy_n upon_o we_o in_o english_a it_o be_v therefore_o a_o vain_a thing_n for_o the_o clergy_n to_o rest_v upon_o their_o work_n or_o title_n of_o divine_a right_n their_o great_a pomp_n sacred_a place_n and_o favour_n of_o king_n commend_v they_o to_o the_o admiration_n or_o rather_o adoration_n of_o ignorant_a people_n and_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o roman_a chair_n unto_o the_o regard_n of_o king_n who_o maintain_v their_o interest_n with_o the_o conclave_n on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o with_o the_o people_n on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o their_o mean_n and_o so_o they_o mutual_o serve_v one_o another_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o the_o pope_n and_o king_n be_v good_a card_n in_o those_o day_n yet_o have_v the_o prelacy_n mature_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n so_o much_o depend_v upon_o the_o people_n they_o may_v have_v lay_v a_o more_o sure_a foundation_n and_o attain_v their_o end_n with_o much_o more_o ease_n and_o honour_n i_o commend_v nor_o the_o base_a way_n of_o popularity_n by_o principle_n of_o flattery_n but_o that_o honourable_a service_n of_o truth_n and_o virtue_n which_o set_v up_o a_o throne_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o vulgar_a few_o of_o who_o but_o have_v some_o spark_n of_o nature_n leave_v unquenched_a for_o though_o respect_n may_v chance_v to_o meet_v with_o greatness_n yet_o reverence_n be_v the_o proper_a debt_n to_o goodness_n without_o which_o we_o look_v at_o great_a man_n as_o comet_n who_o influence_n work_v mischief_n and_o who_o light_n serve_v rather_o to_o be_v gaze_v upon_o then_o for_o direction_n the_o foundation_n thus_o unhappy_o lay_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o building_n be_v no_o less_o irregular_a in_o regard_n of_o their_o end_n that_o they_o aim_v at_o for_o first_o they_o admit_v the_o laity_n into_o their_o synod_n who_o be_v not_o so_o dull_a but_o can_v espy_v their_o ambition_n nor_o so_o base_a spirit_v as_o to_o live_v in_o slavery_n after_o conviction_n this_o error_n be_v espy_v i_o confess_v but_o it_o be_v too_o late_o and_o though_o they_o reform_v it_o yet_o it_o be_v after_o four_o hundred_o year_n labour_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n by_o the_o contention_n of_o the_o clergy_n among_o themselves_o king_n have_v first_o learn_v so_o much_o of_o their_o supremacy_n and_o the_o laity_n so_o much_o of_o their_o liberty_n as_o they_o begin_v to_o plead_v with_o the_o clergy_n and_o have_v bring_v the_o matter_n to_o issue_n before_o the_o synod_n can_v rid_v themselves_o of_o these_o lay_v spectator_n or_o rather_o overseer_n of_o their_o way_n and_o action_n a_o second_o error_n be_v the_o yoke_a of_o the_o bishop_n power_n under_o that_o of_o the_o synod_n for_o they_o have_v little_a
the_o whole_a nation_n and_o the_o king_n among_o the_o rest_n as_o the_o priest_n that_o many_o time_n render_v the_o answer_n or_o sentence_n of_o that_o oracle_n in_o his_o own_o sense_n and_o have_v it_o confirm_v to_o he_o by_o a_o oath_n se_fw-la judicium_fw-la rectum_fw-la in_o regno_fw-la facturum_fw-la &_o justiciam_fw-la per_fw-la concilium_fw-la procerum_fw-la regni_fw-la svi_fw-la tenturum_fw-la 16._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 16._o so_o as_o though_o he_o be_v the_o first_o in_o view_n yet_o the_o council_n of_o lord_n be_v the_o first_o in_o nature_n and_o the_o cynosure_n to_o direct_v his_o tongue_n and_o action_n from_o this_o fountain_n issue_v also_o stream_n of_o judicature_n into_o all_o part_n by_o judge_n itinerant_a under_o the_o king_n commission_n to_o reform_v error_n punish_v default_n in_o the_o ordinary_a rural_a judicatories_n 3._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 1._o &_o ca._n 1._o sec._n 3._o and_o to_o dissolve_v hard_a and_o knotty_a case_n and_o these_o be_v occasion_v at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o party_n and_o alfred_n who_o birth_n this_o be_v send_v they_o forth_o in_o way_n of_o association_n with_o the_o sheriff_n lord_n of_o the_o fee_n or_o other_o ordinary_a magistrate_n chap._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o proceed_n in_o judicature_n by_o indictment_n appeal_v praesentment_n and_o action_n for_o the_o proceed_n in_o course_n the_o saxon_n be_v wont_a to_o begin_v with_o matter_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n and_o afterward_o to_o secular_a cause_n in_o which_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v criminal_a the_o most_o ancient_a way_n of_o proceed_v be_v by_o appeal_n of_o the_o party_n complain_v but_o afterward_o in_o case_n that_o concern_v damage_n injury_n or_o violence_n do_v to_o the_o body_n of_o a_o man_n or_o his_o estate_n the_o king_n be_v find_v to_o be_v therein_o prejudice_v beside_o the_o prejudice_n immediate_o do_v to_o the_o subject_n for_o a_o man_n disable_v in_o body_n or_o estate_n be_v disable_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n and_o public_a indictment_n indictment_n and_o upon_o this_o ground_n a_o way_n be_v find_v out_o to_o punish_v the_o offender_n by_o indictment_n beside_o the_o satisfaction_n do_v to_o the_o party_n wrong_v the_o proceed_n against_o such_o delinquent_n be_v by_o attachment_n of_o the_o party_n 15._o lambert_n ll._n inae_fw-la 15._o who_o thereupon_o give_v pledge_n for_o his_o appearance_n if_o the_o party_n can_v not_o be_v find_v a_o fugam_fw-la fecit_fw-la be_v return_v and_o that_o be_v a_o conviction_n in_o law_n and_o pursuit_n be_v make_v after_o the_o party_n by_o hue_n and_o cry_n if_o he_o be_v thereby_o take_v the_o ancient_a way_n be_v that_o of_o halifax_n law_n but_o in_o late_a time_n he_o be_v imprison_v 22._o ll._n inae_fw-la lam_n foe_n 7._o ll._n alured_n cap._n 6._o miror_fw-la c._n 2._o sec._n 24._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 4._o miror_fw-la p._n 255._o gloss_n 335._o miror_fw-la cap._n 5._o sec._n 9_o &_o 10._o ll._n edw._n cap._n 7._o ll._n canut_n cap._n 45._o miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 22._o or_o admit_v to_o bail_v if_o the_o offence_n be_v bailable_a and_o if_o the_o party_n bail_v make_v default_n or_o do_v not_o abide_v the_o trial_n his_o bail_n suffer_v as_o principal_n if_o no_o bail_n can_v be_v procure_v the_o delinquent_n be_v imprison_v till_o he_o be_v legal_o acquit_v but_o this_o imprisonment_n be_v only_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o restraint_n if_o the_o delinquent_n be_v find_v upon_o the_o hue_n and_o cry_n and_o will_v not_o yield_v himself_o he_o be_v in_o repute_n a_o common_a enemy_n and_o as_o a_o wolf_n any_o man_n may_v kill_v he_o as_o the_o law_n be_v also_o the_o same_o in_o case_n of_o utlary_n at_o the_o time_n of_o trial_n if_o at_o the_o king_n suit_n the_o delinquent_n be_v indict_v in_o this_o manner_n by_o any_o party_n present_a i_o d.c._n do_v say_v for_o the_o king_n that_o i._o s._n be_v defame_v by_o good_a man_n that_o he_o upon_o day_n of_o etc._n etc._n into_o the_o house_n and_o good_n of_o do_v cast_v fire_n and_o the_o same_o do_v burn_v or_o if_o it_o be_v for_o bloodshed_n with_o a_o sword_n do_v strike_v and_o wound_v he_o in_o the_o left_a arm_n and_o that_o this_o be_v do_v felonious_o or_o if_o the_o case_n require_v traitorous_o and_o if_o i._n s._n deny_v the_o same_o i_o will_v for_o the_o king_n prove_v the_o matter_n against_o he_o as_o the_o king_n ought_v to_o do_v that_o be_v to_o say_v 15â—_n appeal_v miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 15â—_n by_o witness_n and_o twelve_o man_n but_o if_o the_o complaint_n be_v at_o the_o suit_n of_o the_o party_n than_o the_o prosecutor_n sue_v he_o upon_o appeal_v in_o manner_n follow_v i._o c._n appeal_v d._n h._n here_o present_a for_o that_o e_z father_n brother_n son_n or_o uncle_n according_a as_o the_o case_n be_v to_o i.c._n be_v in_o the_o peace_n of_o god_n and_o of_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n in_o the_o dwell_a house_n of_o e._n at_o etc._n etc._n the_o say_v d.h._n upon_o the_o day_n of_o in_o the_o year_n of_o with_o a_o sword_n make_v a_o wound_n of_o two_o inch_n long_o and_o six_o inch_n deep_a in_o the_o left_a pap_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o say_v e._n whereof_o he_o die_v and_o this_o be_v do_v felonious_o and_o of_o malice_n forethink_v and_o if_o the_o say_v d.h._n shall_v deny_v the_o same_o the_o say_a i.c._n be_v ready_a to_o prove_v the_o same_o against_o he_o by_o his_o body_n or_o as_o a_o monk_n woman_n or_o clerk_n behoove_v to_o prove_v the_o same_o that_o be_v by_o champion_n for_o neither_o monk_n woman_n nor_o clerk_n be_v by_o law_n to_o justify_v by_o battle_n in_o their_o own_o person_n the_o several_a cause_n of_o appeal_n and_o indictment_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o law_n book_n to_o who_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n it_o not_o be_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o discourse_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o particular_n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v the_o difference_n between_o indictment_n former_a and_o late_a and_o between_o they_o and_o appeal_n viz._n that_o appeal_v be_v positive_a accusation_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o prosecutor_n of_o the_o fact_n do_v by_o the_o party_n appeal_v whereas_o indictment_n be_v only_o a_o publication_n or_o affirmation_n of_o the_o fame_n of_o a_o fact_n do_v by_o the_o party_n indict_v and_o wherein_o not_o guilty_a plead_v serve_v only_o as_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o quere_z to_o usher_v in_o the_o vote_n of_o the_o free_a man_n concern_v the_o fact_n second_o the_o difference_n between_o former_a indictment_n from_o these_o in_o these_o day_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o the_o ancient_a indictment_n be_v in_o the_o name_n of_o one_o man_n those_o of_o the_o late_a sort_n be_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o jury_n and_o the_o former_a be_v only_o of_o a_o fame_n the_o late_a of_o the_o fact_n presentment_n miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 23._o presentment_n a_o three_o way_n of_o bring_v controversy_n unto_o judgement_n concern_v only_o such_o matter_n as_o be_v of_o less_o consequence_n and_o these_o be_v introduce_v by_o way_n of_o presentment_n in_o the_o name_n or_o behalf_n of_o the_o king_n in_o nature_n of_o positive_a accuse_v of_o one_o for_o a_o crime_n first_o lay_v down_o general_o and_o then_o assert_v by_o a_o particular_a fact_n in_o this_o manner_n i_o say_v for_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n the_o king_n that_o h._n here_o be_v perjure_v and_o have_v break_v faith_n against_o the_o king_n because_o whereas_o h._n be_v or_o be_v chancellor_n of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v swear_v that_o he_o will_v not_o sell_v right_a or_o any_o remediall_a writ_n to_o any_o one_o yet_o upon_o the_o day_n of_o etc._n etc._n he_o sell_v to_o b._n a_o writ_n of_o attaint_n and_o will_v not_o grant_v the_o same_o under_o half_a a_o mark_n so_o as_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o indictment_n and_o presentment_n in_o those_o day_n be_v only_o in_o the_o degree_n of_o crime_n for_o which_o the_o party_n delinquent_a be_v accuse_v and_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o conclusion_n of_o the_o presentment_n which_o be_v without_o averment_n the_o last_o way_n of_o trial_n concern_v such_o offence_n that_o exceed_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o trespass_n do_v to_o a_o man_n person_n or_o his_o good_n action_n miror_fw-la cap._n 2._o sec._n 24._o action_n and_o this_o be_v by_o way_n of_o action_n and_o it_o be_v to_o obtain_v recompense_n for_o damage_n sustain_v now_o because_o the_o former_a be_v call_v personal_a trespass_n the_o process_n be_v by_o attachment_n of_o the_o person_n who_o thereupon_o put_v in_o bail_n or_o else_o his_o person_n be_v secure_v by_o imprisonment_n till_o trial_n and_o satisfaction_n make_v but_o in_o the_o late_a that_o concern_v the_o realty_n 36._o ll._n aetheldr_n cap._n 20._o ll._n canut_n c._n 10_o