his father Ethelgora was made a Nunne the other two were maried the one in Merceland the other to the Earle of Flaunders He raigned 29. yéeres six moneths he departed this life v. Kal. Nouemb. lieth buried at Winchester an 901. Wheresoeuer he was or whether soeuer he went he bare in his bosome or pocket a litle booke cōtaining the Psalmes of Dauid Dauids psalms alwaies with the king and certaine other prayers of his owne collecting wherevpon he was continually either reading or praying whensoeuer he had leasure therevnto Pleymundus schoolemaister to Alfred succéeded Etheredus in the Bishopricke of Canterburie and gouerned that sea 34. yéeres After him succéeded Athelmus and sat 12. yéeres after him came Vlfelmus and sat 13. yéeres him followed Odo a Dane borne and gouerned 20. yéeres After the death of Pope Stephen the fifth was much broyle in the election of the Bishops of Rome one contending against another in so much that in the space of nine yéeres there were nine Popes of the which first was Formosus who succéeded Stephen being made pope against the minde of certaine in Rome that would rather Sergius then Deacon of the Church of Rome should bée Pope not withstanding Mars and mony preuayled on Formosus part by the aid of king Arnulphus who came to Rome and beheaded Formosus aduersaries whom the Pope in recompence blessed crowned Emp. This Formosus had once sworne neuer to reiterate or take to him againe ecclesiasticall order but was absolued againe of Pope Martin who sat foure or fiue yéeres after whom in 9. yéeres there were nine Popes In nine yeeres nine Popes After him succeded Boniface the 6 who continued 25. daies then came Stephen the 6. who abrogated all the decrées of Formosus and taking vp his body after it was buried Pope Stephen rageth against the dead bodie of Formosus cut two fingers of his right hand and commaunded them to bée cast into Tiber and then buried the bodie in a Laye mans sepulchre He raigned one yéere and him succéeded Rhemanus sate 3. months repealing the decrées of his predecessor against Formosus next whom came Theodorus the 2. who like wise taking part with Formosus raigned but 20. daies then sate Pope Iohn who fought against the Romans and to confirme the cause of Formosus more surely did hold a synode at Rauenna of 72. Bishops with the French king Endo and his Archbishops present at the same where all the decrées of Formosus were confirmed and those of Stephen the 6. burned This Pope liued not Pope full twoo yéeres after whom succéeded Benedictus the fourth who kept the chaire thrée yéeres after whom Leo the fift was Pope who within 40. daies of his papacie was with strong hand taken and cast in prison by one Christopher his owne housholde Chaplaine whom he had long time nourished in his house which Christopher being Pope about the space of seuen moneths was also horsed from his seate by Sergius as hée had done to the other before who after hée had thrown downe Christopher shore him monke into a monasterie and occupied the sea seuen yéeres This Sergius a rude man Sergius baebarous cruelty against Formosus now dead and buried and vnlearned very proude and cruell had before time beene put backe from the Popedome by Formosus aboue mentioned by reason whereof to reuenge himselfe of Formosus againe béeing nowe in his papacie caused his bodie to bée taken vp and afterward setting it in the Papall sea as in his Pontificalibus first disgraded him then commaunded his head to bée smitten off with the other thrée fingers which were left which done he caused his body to be throwne into Tiber deposing also all such as had béene inuested by Formosus By this Pope Sergius first came vp the bearing of candles on Candlemas day Candles on Candlemas day for the purifying of the blessed virgin After Sergius entred Pope Anastasius who after he had sate 2. yéers folowed pope Lando the father as some think of pope Iohn which Iohn is said to haue beene Paramour of Theodora a famous harlot of Rome A pope set vp of Theodora a famous harlot set vp by the same harlot either against Lando or after Lando his father to succéede in his roome There is a story writer called Liuthprandus who writing de imperatoribus lib. 2. cap. 13. maketh mention of this Theodora and Iohn the eleuenth and saith that this Theodora had a daughter named Marozia which had by Pope Sergius aboue mentioned a sonne who afterwarde was pope Iohn the 12. The same Marozia afterward married with the marques Guido of Tuscia through whose means and his friends at Rome she brought to passe that this pope Iohn the eleuenth was smothered with a pillow laid to his mouth Pope smothered after he had raigned 13. yéeres and so Iohn the 12. her sonne raigned in his stéed but because the cleargie and people of Rome did not agree to the election therefore was Pope Leo the 6. set vp in his roome Thus pope Iohn the sonne of Sergius and Marozia being reiected raigned pope Leo 7. moneths after him pope Stephen 2. yéeres who being poisoned Pope poisoned then was pope Iohn the 12. aboue rehearsed set vp againe where hee raigned néere the space of 5. yeeres After Iohn the twelfth followed pope Stephen thrée yeeres Leo thrée yéeres and foure moneths Stephen the eight thrée yéeres foure moneths Martine 3. yéers 6. moneths After him Agapetus eight yéeres and sixe moneths about whose time or a little before beganne the order of monks called Ordo Cluniacensis The Monkes Cluniacenses It may appeare in those times that the authoritye of bestowing bishoprikes in England and also in prescribing lawes to Churchmen was in the hands of the kings of the land and not onely in the handes of the Pope as it is manifest by King Alfredus lawes If any one lie with an other mans wife c. If any that hath taken orders steale c. After Alfred succéeded his sonne Edward called the elder giuing also testimonie of the same Who with Pleymundus archbishop of Canterbury and with other Bishops in a Synod assembled elected seuen Bishops in seuen Metropolitane churches whose names were 1. Freidstane 2. Adelstane 3. Werstane 4. Addlelin 5. Edulphus 6. Dernegus 7. Kenulphus In which election the kings authority alone séemed then sufficient The kings authority in electing of bishops sufficient This Edward raigned 24. yéers his daughters he set to spinning The K. daughters set to spinning and to the néedle his sonnes he set to the studie of learning to the end that they being Philosophers first might bee made more expert to gouerne the common wealth The king maketh his sonnes first Philosophers and then Gouernours Ethelstane succéeded his father in the kingdome and being base born of Egwin before the king was married to her and fearing his next brother Edwine being rightly borne caused
against God c. for him to hold any dominion ouer the same Scots conuerted by the reliques of S. Peter Among other reasons one was because the kingdome of Scotland was conuerted by the reliques of S. Peter to the faith of Christ and therefore if hée woulde claime any right to the same Church or anie part thereof he should send vp his procurators specially to the same appointed with all that he could for himselfe alleadge vnto the sea apostolike there to receiue what reason and right would require The king calling a parlement Ann. 1301. answereth the popes letters and so did the Lords temporall and the whole Baronry of England The yéere 1303. Pope Boniface the 8. stirred vp Edward king of England to fight against the French king Philip with whom the Pope had taken displeasure After the bishopricke of Rome had béene long voyde thorough the dissention of the cardinals for the space of two yeares and thrée moneths At the length Celestinus was chosen Successor to Pope Nicholas the fourth Which Celestinus in his first Consistorie began to reforme the clergie of Rome Celestine beginneth to reforme the church of Rome thinking to make the same an example to all other Churches Whereby he procured to himselfe such hatred of the Clergie-men that this Boniface being called Benedictus speaking through a Réede by his chamber wall in the night season admonished him as it had béene a voice from heauen that he should geue ouer his Papacie as a burthen greater then he could beare Ex Mass Which in déede after sixe monethes he did partly for the voice spoken before Boniface a crafty knaue P. thrust into prison Bon-pope of Rome and partly for feare being tolde of certaine which were craftely suborned in his chamber that if he did not resigne he should lose his life And when hee had resigned Boniface thrust him into perpetuall prison and so he died Wherfore this Boniface was worthilie called the viij Nero of whom it was rightly saide he came in like a Foxe reigned like a Lion and died like a dog This Boniface inuading after Celestinus behaued himselfe so imperiously that he put down Princes excommunicated Kings such as did not take their confirmation at his hands Diuers of his Cardinals he draue away for feare some of them as Schismatiks he deposed and spoyled them of all their substance The pope curseth the frēch king to the 4. generation Philip the French king he excommunicated for not suffering his money to goe out of his realm and therfore cursed him and his to the fourth generation Albertus the Emperor not once or twise but thrise sought at his hands to be confirmed and yet was reiected neither could obteine except he would promise to driue the French king out of his Realme The factious discord in Italie betwixt the Gulephs and the Gibellines he greatly set on fire in so much that vpon Ashwednesday when Porchetus an Archbishop came and knéeled downe before him to receiue ashes The pope scoffeth c. the Pope looking vpon him and perceiuing that he was one of the Gibellines part cast a handful of ashes in his eyes saying Memento homo quod Gibellinus es c. Remember man that a Gibellin thou art and to ashes thou shalt goe This P. moreouer ordeyned first the Iubilie The first Iubilie in Rome in the solemnizing whereof the first day he shewed himselfe in his Pontificalibus and gaue frée remission of sinnes to as many as came to Rome out of all partes in the world The second day being wayted on with Emperial ensignes he caused a naked sword to be caried before him The power of both swords said with a loud voice Ecce potestatem vtriusque gladij Lo here the power and authoritie of both swordes c. By this P. diuers constitutions extrauagantes of his predecessors Extrauagant constitutions Sextus Nicholaus Pardons and indulgences were collected together with many of his own lewdly added thereto and so made the booke called Sextus Decretals by whom also sprang vp first pardons and indulgences from Rome Now the cause of quarell betwixt the Pope and the French king according to N. Riuet was this Anno 1301 the Bishop of Oppanuham being accused for a conspiracie against the French king was brought vp to his Court The quarrel betwixt the P. and French king and so committed to prison The Pope hearing of this sendeth worde to the King by his Legat to set him at libertie which the king did and withall discharged both him and the Legat commanding them to auoyde his Realme Whereupon Boniface reuoked all the priuiledges granted by him or his predecessors before to the kingdome of Fraunce and not long after thundred out the sentence of his curse against him citeth all the Prelates al Deanes and Lawiers both Ciuill and Canon to appeare personally before him at Rome and at a certaine day which was the first of Nouember The king of France forbiddeth to carrie treasure to Rome Against this citation the king againe prouideth by straight proclamation that no maner of person should export out of the Realme of Fraunce either gold siluer or any other maner of ware or merchandize prouiding withall the waies and passages diligētly to be kept that none might passe vnsearched also he defeated the Pope of giuing Benefices Prebendaries and other Ecclesiasticall liuings for which cause most sharpe letters passed betwixt them Boniface beginning thus The Popes proud stile to the French K. Boniface the seruant of Gods seruāts c. Feare God and obserue his commandements we will thee to vnderstand that thou art subiect vnto vs both in spirituall thinges and in temporall The king answereth with this salutation To Boniface bearing himselfe for chiefe B. little health or none at all Let thy foolishnes know that c. In the yéere 1303. Maister William Nagareta made declaration against the Pope with appellation made at Paris Nagareta against the pope Foure articles against the pope afore the King and his Councell in the Church at Paris This William Nagareta propounded foure Articles against the Pope that he was an vsurper an Hereticke an horrible symoniacall and a blasphemer of the way of truth and required of the king and prelates to call a councell that prouision might be made for the bettering of the estate of the church and afterward laid out in 28. 28. Articles against the pope articles more at large the villanies of this Boniface as that he beléeued not the immortalitie of the soule that he should say whoredome is no sinne that he caused his images to be made of siluer and to be set vp in churches That he had a priuate deuill That he was a witch That he was a Sodomite a murtherer c. Which thinges the King vnderstanding with the Archbishops and Bishops made appellation to a councel for the matters Thenames of the prelates were these the archbishops of Nicosien
London to haue their former acts confirmed at which time came two Cardinalles from Rome with letters sent vnto the nobles from the pope The nobles answered to the message of the Cardinals that as touching themselues they should be at all times welcome vnto them but as for their letters forasmuch as they were men vnlettered and onely brought vp in feats of warre therfore cared they not for séeing the same neither would they speak with the Legates concerning their busines Yet at the last through the mediation of the Archb and the Earle of Glocester the matter was taken vp betwixt the King and the Nobles Anno 1313 Robert Winchelsey died in whose roome Robert Cobham was elected by the King and Church of Canterbury but the Pope did frustrate that election and placed Walter Renald Walter Renald Bishop of Worcester About this time died Pope Clement the 5. Clement 5. dieth who kéeping in Fraunce neuer came to the sea of Rome after whose death the Papacie stood voide two yeares Papacie voide two yeares After Clement succéeded pope Iohn the 22. who sent two Legates from Rome vnder pretence to set agréement betwixt the king of EnglaÌ„d and the Scots they for their charges and expeÌ„ces required of euery spiritual person iiii d. in euery mark Iohn 22. Pope maketh profite of the variance of princes but all in vaine For the legates as they were in the North partes about Derlington with their whole familie and traine were robbed spoiled of their horses treasure apparel and whatsoeuer else they had and so with an euil fauoured handling retired backe againe to Duresme where they staied a while waiting for an answere from the Scots But when neither the popes legacie neither his curse would take any place with the Scots they returned againe to London where they first excommunicated and cursed as blacke as soote all those arrogant and presumptuous robbers of Northumberland Secondly for supplying of the losses receiued they exacted of the clergie to be giuen vnto them 8. pence in euery marke But the Clergie thereunto would not agrée séeing it was their owne couetousnes as they said that made them venture farther then they néeded viii d. in euery marke only they were contented to relieue them after 4. pence in the marke further they would not graunt And so they departed to the popes court againe Michael house founded in Cambridge In the time of this king the Colledge in Cambridge called Michaell house was founded by Sir Henry Stanton knight About the same time also was Nicholaus de Lyra Nicholaus de lyra which wrote the ordinarie glosse of the Bible also Guilielmus Occham Guilielmus Occham a worthie deuine of a right sincere iudgement as the times then would eyther giue or suffer Among others which the King did trouble and take reuenge of for the rebellion of the Barons was one Adam Adam Bishoppe of Hereford who beyng appeached of treason with other more was at length arrested in the Parlement to appeare and answere to that should be layd against him To which the Bishop answered I an humble minister and member of the Church of God and Bishop consecrate albeit vnworthy can not neyther ought to answere to these so high matters without the authoritie of the Archbishop of Canterbury my direct iudge and next vnder the high Bishoppe of Rome whose suffragane also I am and the consent likewise of other my fellow Bishops After which woordes the Archbishop and other Bishops made humble sute for him to the King But when the King would not be woon nor turned with any supplication the Bishops together with the Archbishops and Clergie comming with their crosses tooke him away chalenging him for the church without any further answere making charging moreouer vnder the censures of the church and excommunication none to presume to lay any further handes vpon him The king commanded notwithstanding to procéede in iudgement and the iurie of twelue men to goe vpon the inquisition of his cause who finding and pronouncing the bishop to be guiltie the king caused immediatlie all his goods and possessions to be confiscate to himselfe Moreouer made his plate and all his houshold stuffe to be throwen out of his house into the streete But yet he remayned still vnder the protection of the Archbishop This Archb. was called W. Winchelsey after whom succéeded S. Mepham Anno one thousand thrée hundred Simon M. and twentie seuen R. Auesb. After P. Clement v. by whose decease the Romane Sea stood vacant two yéeres and thrée moneths Next was elected pope Iohn 22. Clement 5. a Cistercian Monke who sat in the papacie 18. yéeres a man so stout inflexible and giuen much to heaping vp of riches A great heresie that he proclaimed them Heretikes that taught that Christ his Apostles had no possessions of their owne in the world At this time was Emperour Ludouicus Bauarus Ludouicus Bauarus Emperour a worthy man who with this Pope and other that followed him had no lesse contention then had Fredericus before Contention betwixt the pope Emp. 24. yeeres in somuch that this contention continued 24. yéeres The cause thereof rose of the constitution of Clement 5. predecessor to this Pope by whom it was ordeined that Emperours elected by the Germanine princes might be called kings of the Romanes but might not enioy the title and right of the empire without their confirmation giuen by the pope Wherfore this Emperour because he vsed the imperiall dignitie in Italie before he was authorized by the P he excommunicated him and notwithstaÌ„ding the Emperour did oftentimes offer vp himself to make intreatie of peace Pope hath full power to create and depose Emperors at his pleasure yet the inflexible pope would not bend mainteining that he had full power to create and depose kings and Emperours at his pleasure In the same time were diuers learned men who did greatly disallow the B. of Romes doings among whoÌ„ was Guilielmus Occham whose Tractations were afterwarde condemned by the Pope for writing against the Temporal iurisdiction of their Sea and another named Marsilinê° Patauinus Marsilius Patauinus who wrote the booke called Defensor pacis Defensor pacis giuen vp to the handes of the Emperor wherein the controuersie of the Popes vsurped iurisdiction in thinges Temporall is largely disputed the vsurping authoritie of the same sea set foorth to the vttermost At length when the Emperor after much suite at Auinion could not obteine his Coronation CoÌ„ming to Rome he was there receaued with great honor where he with his wife were both crowned by the ful consent of all the Lords and Cardinals there and another Pope there set vp called Nicholas the fifte After which things Pope Nicholas v. the Pope not long after died at Auinion in France whome succéeded Benedictus the twelft Benedict xii a Monke of Benedictus order and reigned vij yeres Who by
and therefore hath not God graunted your desire But I am a poore simple man as you sée and God hath heard my complaint and I trust he will strengthen me in his owne cause When their prayer would not preuaile they aduised to say a masse to sée what that would worke In the meane time Rawlins be tooke him to prayer in a secrete place till such time as the Priest came to the sacring When Rawlins heard the sacring bell ring he rose out of his place and came to the quire dore and standing a while turned himselfe to the people speaking these wordes Good people if there be at the least but one brother among you the same one shall beare witnesse at the day of iudgement that I howe not to this Idoll meaning the host that the Priest helde ouer his head Masse being ended and Rawlins persisting constant the Bishoppe procéedeth to sentence and hauing condemned him dismisseth him to be carried againe to Cardiffe there to be put into the prison of the towne called Clockemacell a very dark lothsome and most vile prison where Rawlins passed the time in singing of Psalmes About thrée or foure wéekes after he hauing intelligence that his tyme of death drewe néere sendeth foorthwith to his wife and willeth her by the messenger that in any wise she should make readie Rawlins wedding garmēts and send vnto him his wedding garments meanyng a shirte which afterwarde hée was burned in Whiche was accomplished accordyng to his mynde Now apparelled in his wedding garments when the houre was come and he passed to his death in the way his poore wife and children stood wéeping and making lamentation which so pearced his heart that hee let fall teares from his eyes but soone after as though he had misliked his infirmitie beganne to be angry with himselfe insomuch that striking his brest with his hande hée vsed these wordes Ah flesh stayest thou me so wouldest thou faine preuaile Rawlins a worthy martyr Well I tell thée do what thou canst thou shalt not by Gods grace haue the victorie By this time hée came to the stake and going towards it he fell down vpon his knées and kissed the ground and in rising againe the earth a little sticking on his face he saide these words Earth vnto earth and dust vnto dust thou art my mother and to thée shall I returne Then went he cherefully and very ioyfully to the stake and set his backe close thereunto and when hée had stoode there a while he cast his eye vpon the Reporter of this History calling him vnto him and sayde I féele a great fighting betwixt the Fleshe and the Spirit and the Fleshe woulde very fayne haue his swinge and therefore I pray you when you séeme any thing tempted holde your finger vp to me and I trust I shall remember my selfe After the Smith had made him fast to the Stake according as hée had required him being afrayde of his infirmitie and the Officers began to laie wood to him with strawe and réede hée himselfe as farre as hée could reach would catcht the same and very chéerefully disposed it about his bodie When all thinges were readie then stept vp a Priest addressing himselfe to speake and to peruert the people Which when Rawlins Rawlins perceiued hée beckened with his hand to the people and said come hither good people and heare not a false prophet preach And then said vnto the preacher oh thou naughtie hypocrite doost thou presume to prooue thy false doctrine by Scripture Looke in the text what followeth did not Christ say doo this in remembrance of mée after which wordes the Priest beyng amazed held his peace Then some that stood by cried put too fire put to fire which being put to he bathed his handes so long in the flame till the sinewes shrunke and the fatte dropped away and once he did as it were wipe his face with one of them All this while which was somewhat long he cried with a loud voice O Lord receiue my soule vntill he could not open his mouth He was at the same time of his death about 60. yéeres of age About this time Anno 1555. the 28. of March Quéene Marie was fully resolued and declared so much to foure of her Counsell to restore the Abbey landes againe to the Church And the moneth before the 19. of Februarie the Bishoppe of Ely with the Lord Montague and viij score horse were sent as Ambassadors from the king Quéene vnto Rome very likely for the cause of Abbey landes as it appeareth by the sequele For it was not long after but the Pope did set foorth in print a Bull of excommunication for all manner such persons without exception that kept any of the Church landes The P. excommunicateth those that hold Abbey lands Pope Iulius the monster dyeth And also all such as did not put the same Bull in execution About the latter end of this Moneth Pope Iulius dyed a monster of nature who missing on a time his Porke and answere being made that his Phisition forbad it because of his goute bursting out into a rage he vttered these wordes bring me my porke flesh in the despight of God An other time missing his cold Peacocke Popes Peacocke most horribly blasphemyng God he brake into a rage Wherevpon when one of his cardinals sitting by labored to pacifie him what said Iulius the Pope if God was so angry for one apple that hée cast our first parents out of Paradice therefore A blasphemous Pope why may not I being his vicar be angry then for my Peacocke sithence a Peacocke is a greater matter then an apple Hée confirmed the idoll of Lauretane Vpon Shrouesunday which was about the iij. of March the same yéere a préest in Kent named Nightingall parson of Crondall besides Canturbury reioycing at the alteration of religion and reading to the people the popes Bull of pardon that was sent into England hée sayd hée thanked God that euer hée had liued to sée that daie adding moreouer that hée beléeued that by the vertue of that Bull hee was as cléere of sinne as the night that he was borne and immediatly vpon the same fell suddenly downe out of the Pulpit Gods iudgement and neuer stirred hand nor foot but so died Testified by Robert Austen of Cartham who both heard and saw the same and it is witnessed also of the whole country round about In the moneth of Aprill and the second day Iohn Awcocke died in pryson and was buried in the fieldes The first of Aprill Anno 1555. a letter was sent to the Shiriffe of Kent to apprehend Thomas Woodgate and William Maynard for preachyng secréetly and to send them vp to the Counsell The vij day of the same moneth was sent another letter to the said Shiriffe for the apprehension of one Hardwich who went about with a boy with him preaching from place to place The fiftenth of Aprill a letter was directed
hundred and thréescore 271. of the Nobilitie of England slaine by the Saxons Which miserie fell vpon them for couetousnes and oppression in their Princes wickednes in the Iudges slouthfulnes of the Bishops in neglecting their dueties of preaching and ryot and wantonnes of the people as saith Gildas in his chronicle This fell out in anno 469. The Captaines of the Saxons were Hengistus and Horsus Now the first persecution in this Lande began vnder Dioclesian an 210. The first persecution in England by Dioclesian The second by Gnauius and Melga The second was by the inuading of Gnauius Melga whereof the first was Captaine of the Hunnes and the other of the Pictes Which two Tyrants after the slaughter of Vrsula Vrsula and 11000. noble Virgins 11000. Virgins made their rode into Britaine At what time they made a miserable murther of Christians spoyling and rasing Churches without regarde either of women or children The third by Hengist The third by Hengest and the Saxons who destroyed like raging wolues the silie shéepe till Aurelius Ambrosius came Aurelius Ambrosius restoreth the churches and restored againe the Churches destroyed The fourth was by Gurmundus Gurmundus a pagā king of the Affricans who ioyning with the Saxons wrought much mischiefe against the Christians In so much that Theonus B. of London and Thaodiceus of Yorke with the rest of the people did pack away some into Cornewall some into the mountaines of Wales an 550. and remayned till the time of Ethelbert Ethelbert king of Kent an 589. In whose reigne the faith was first receiued of the Englishmen Gospell receiued of the Englishmen Austen sent into England by Gregory B. of Rome by meanes of Gregorie bishop of Rome who in the yere 598. sent Austen into England and with him about xl Preachers to instruct and conuert the people The occasion was offered by séeing certain children of the land to be sold at Rome where considering their beautie he had compassion on them thereupon when the Bishorick of Rome fell vnto him next after Pelagius he sent Austen with the other Preachers Who passing on their iourney were greatly afraid and discouraged considering the barbarousnes of the people But being comforted by Gregorie and perswaded they went on their iorney and came to the I le of Tenet I le of Tenet on the Eastside of Kent Néere vnto which lāding place was the Palace of the K. not farre from Sandwich which the Inhabitants of the I le thē called Richburgh whereof some part of the ruinous walles is yet to sée The king that raigned at that time was Ethelbert the fifth king of that prouince who at that time had married a Frenchwoman Christened whose name was Berda Berda whom hée had of that condition that shée should with her bishop Lebardus Lebardus inioy the faith By meanes whereof he was the more flexible to embrace the preachyng of the faith of Christ Now the king hearing of Austines arriuall within few dayes after and hauing receaued message from Austine of the cause of his comming commeth to the place where hée was to speake with him To whom Austine preached the word of God The king at the first was not perswaded yet for so much as he came for his benefit he both ministred vnto him necessaries and gaue him libertie to preach and conuert his people which hée did in Canterbury where the king gaue him a mansion place and baptized people on the Eastside of the cittie in the old Church of Saint Martine where the Quéene was woont to resort till time that the king himselfe was conuerted to the faith which he was at length by the godly conuersation of Christians myracles Godly conuersation and miracles that were wrought He was conuerted an 586. and the 36. yéere of his raigne who beyng conuerted the number grew innumerable whom he specially embraced None compelled to beleeue The Abbey of S. Peter and S. Paule in Canterbury but compelled none Then he gaue to Austin a place for his bishops sea at Christ church in Canterbury and builded the Abbey of S. Peter and Paule in the Eastside of the citie where after Austin and all the kings of Kent were buried and that place is now called S. Austin In this while Austin sailed into Fraunce to the bishop of Arelatensis called Ethereus by him to be consecrated archbishop by the commandement of Gregory and so was He sent moreouer to Rome one of his company Laurentius to shew Gregory how they had sped and also to be resolued concerning nine or ten questions The first how the B. should vse himselfe towards his clarke Questions resolued from Rome and of oblations what diuidens were to be made For the first Gregory referreth him to the Epistle of Paule to Timothie touching the second he telleth him the order of the church of Rome is to make foure parts Bishops liuings how to be bestowed the one for the B. hospitalitie in receauing commers in the other to the Clergie the third to the poore the fourth to repairing of churches And because he saith Austine could not liue from his clarkes he would haue in their societie all common The second whether Clarkes that can not containe may marry and then marrying whether they are to returne to their secular estate againe or no Clarkes may marrie to whom hée answereth they might marry and also obtaine their stipends The third seing the faith is but one how commeth it to passe Diuerse ceremonies that the ceremonies and customes be so diuerse as one manner of Masse at Rome and an other in France To which he answered that without respect of place he should chose out of many churches the best orders The fourth what punishment should be laid on him that pilfereth out of the church This he referreth to his discretiō consideration being had of the necessitie of the stealer the abilitie to make recompence without any gaine Whether two brethren may marry two sisters being far of from any part of kindred To this he answereth affirmatiuely to what degrée of kindred matrimony may extend and whether it is lawfull to marry with the stepmother Degrees for marriage her kinsfolkes The answere he referreth to the law of God and denieth the lawfulnesse of such marriages or with the kinsfolke but in the third degrée Whether such as be coupled in such vnlawfull mariage ought to be separated and denied the Communion to which he answereth that such as haue béene so maried in time of their ignorance should not therefore be separated from the Communion but admonished to do so no more and such as professe the faith and so couple themselues he willeth they should be denied the Lords body After what manner he should deale with the Bishops of France and Britain To these he answereth that the Bish in Fraunce are not to submit to him but onely his iurisdiction
Law the other the tradition of Peter and Paul of Rome with other reasons Wilfride spake for Aigelbert because he could vtter his mind more plainlie in the English tongue Now when Wilfride had shewed that Peter was the chiefe of the Apostles and that the Lord had said to him I will giue thée the keies of the kingdome of heauen c. The King said to Colman is it true that the Lord spake these things to S. Peter and Colman answered yea Then said the King can you declare any thing that the Lord said to Columba who was a reuerend Father whom Colman alledged to follow Colman answered No. Then quoth the King doo you both agrée on this matter They both answered yea Then concluded the king for asmuch as S. Peter is dore kéeper of heauen I will not gainesay him but in that I am able I will obey his order in euery point least when I come to the gates of heauen he shut them against me Vpon this simple and rude reason of the king A rude reason of the king the multitude consented and with them Cedda was contented to giue ouer onely Colmannus the Scot being then Archb of Yorke departed into Scotland carrying with him the bones of Aidanus The bones of Aidanus After the decease of Oswin Egfride his sonne was king after him in Northumberland fiftéene yéeres By this Egfride Cuthbert was promoted to the Bishopricke of the yle of Farne and Wilfride which before had béene Archbishop of Yorke was displaced through the meanes of Theodore Archbishop of Canterbury and Cedda possessed that Sea Wilfride when he was put out went to Agathon Bishop of Rome and complained to him and was well allowed in some things But the king and Theodorus had there such Proctors and friendes that he returned without spéeding of his cause Wherefore hee returned vnto the Southsaxons and buylded an Abbey in Silisey and preached vnto the Southsaxons xv yeres The king of the Southsaxons was then Ethelwolde to whom Wolferus king of the Mercians gaue the I le of Wight Southsex conuerted vpon condition that he should be a Christian Wherefore Wilfride being now licenced by Ethelwolde the king preached vnto his Nobles and people of Southsex and conuerted them to Christ In the time of whose baptizing the raine that lacked before thrée yéeres was giuen them plentifully whereby their countrie was made fruitfull and their famine stayed Great famine which was such that the people penured with famine would go 40. togither and throw themselues into the Sea Moreouer the same Wilfride taught them first the art of fishing The art of fishing taught whereof they were ignorant before After Egfrid who was slaine in the straights of Scotland succéeded Alfride his brother and bastard sonne to Oswin raigned 18. or 19. yéeres in Northumberland Wilfride restored This Alfride restored againe the foresaid Wilfride to the sea of Yorke whom his brother had before expelled put in Cedda Not withstanding the same king within 5. Wilfride expulsed againe yéeres after expulsed Wilfride again so he went to Rome But at lēgth by Oswrick his successor he was restored againe Cedda was ordained by Theodorus archbishop of Cāterbury who by the authority of the Sinod holdē at Hatfield did after deuide Mercia into fiue bishoprikes one to Chester the 2. to Worcester the third to Lichfield the fourth to Caderna in Lindsey the fifth to Dorcester which was after translated to Lincolne Néere vnto this time in the yéere 666. began the detestable set of Mahomet which wel agreeth with the number of the beast signified in the Apocalips χξς that is 666. Of him came the kingdome of Agarens whom he after named Saracens to whom he gaue sundry lawes Mahomet beginneth patched of many sectes and religions together He taught them to pray euer to the South to kéepe the Friday as we doo the Sunday He permitted thē to haue as many wiues as they were able to maintaine to haue as many concubines as they listed to abstaine from the vse of wine except vpon certaine solemne daies in the yéere to worship onely one God omnipotent saying that Moyses and the Prophetes were great men but Christ was greater and greatest of all the Prophets as being borne of the virgin Mary by the power of God without mans séede and at last was taken vp into heauen but was not slain Turkes conquered the Saracenes but another in his likenes c. At length this kingdome of the Saracens was conquered by the Turkes In this meane season Theodorus Theodorus was sent from Italie into England by Vitellianus the Pope to be Archbishop of Canterbury and with him diuerse other monkes of Italie to set vp here in England Latine seruice Latine seruice and masse first brought into England The archbishop plaieth Rex Masses Ceremonies Letanies with such other Romish ware being archbishop he began to play Rex placing and displacing bishops at his pleasure he thrust out Cedda Wilfride archbishop of Yorke pretending they were not lawfully cōsecrated Wilfride went vp to Rome but could haue no redresse An. 680. In the time of this Theodorus by the meanes of him a prouinciall Synod was holden at Thetford A prouinciall Synode at Thetford the principall points were these 1. That Easter should be vniformly kept on the full moone in the moneth of March 2. That no B. should intermeddle with the dioces of an other 3. That monasteries should be exempt from the authoritie of Bishops 4. That monks should not stray frō one monastery to an other without licence of his Abbot 5. That no clergy man should forsake his B. be receiued in another place without letters commendatorie of his owne B. 6. That forren bishops clergy men should be contented onely with such hospitalitie as should be offered thē without any further intermedling wtout licence 7. That prouinciall synodes should be kept within the realme at least once a yéere 8. That no B. should prefer himselfe before an other but obserue the time order of his consecration 9. That the number of bishops should be augmented as the people increased 10. That no marriage should be admitted but such as was lawfull and no man put away his wife The sixt generall councell at Constance Marriage forbidden The first Latin masse at Constantinople but for fornication The next yéere following was the sixt generall councell kept at Constance where Theodore was also present vnder Pope Agathe where marriage was permitted to the Gréeke Priestes and forbidden to the Latine In this councell the Latine masse was first openly said by Iohn Portēsis the Popes Legate before the patriarch and princes of Constantinople in the temple of S. Sopry After the decease of Alfride king of Northumberland succéeded his sonne Oscadus raigned 11. yéers after whō raigned Kenredus 2. yéeres and next after him Osricus 11. yéeres In the time
vnder paine of hanging to the Sheriffes of Hartford and Essex that in their owne persons with the strength of both Shires they should watch and compasse about the Chappell and sée that Hubert in no wise should escape In the meane time Lucas Archb of Dublin true frend to the L. Hub. he continued in praier night and day and Lucas Archb. of Dublin his true and almost onely friend ceased not to pray and wéepe to the King for him desiring him at the least to participate vnto him what he purposed to doe with Hubert Whereupon the King answering said of thrée things he should choose whether he would First either to forsweare the Realme of England for euer or to be condēned to perpetuall imprisonment or els to confesse him selfe openly to be a traytor Hard choice offered to L. Hubert But hereunto Hubert made answere that he would choose none of these as who was neither guiltie nor worthie of any such confusion But to satisfie somewhat the minde of the King he would be content to depart the Realm for a season but to abiure the realm he would not so doe In this meane time Radulphus Earle of Chester and Lincolne which was one of the greatest enemies he had died Hubert yet continued enclosed in the Chappell vntill his two seruaunts which ministred vnto him were taken from him by the kings commandement Then Hubert séeing no other remedie but there to be starued with hunger offered him selfe of his owne accorde vnto the Sheriffes who by the K. commandement brought him againe to the Tower Not long after the K. hearing that Hubert had committed his treasure to the Templars in Lōdon sent to thē to deliuer it into his hands who refusing so to do the king cōmaunded Hubert to cause the treasure to be deliuered which he did most willingly and yéelded both himselfe his treasures all that euer he had vnto the kings wil and pleasure The enemies of Hubert herevpon cried out against him saying that he was a théefe had stolen the treasure from the king had deserued to be hanged and thus cried the accusers daily in the kings eares but the king now somewhat appeased satisfied answered that there was no néed so straitly to deale with him who frō the time of his youth first serued his vncle K. Richard then his father K. Iohn in whose seruice as he heard say he was driuen to eate his horse c. and that he had rather be counted a king foolish simple then to he iudged a tyrant toward such as haue serued him and his ancestors in so many dangers faithfully waying more the fewe euils which yet be not proued then so many good desertes of his euident and manifest seruice done both to him The K. somewhat appeased towards Lord Hubert and the whole realme And thus the king somwhat relented to poore Hubert his old seruant and graunted to him such lands as he had giuen by king Iohn his father and whatsoeuer he had els by his owne purchase Thus Hubert had some chéering Hubert somewhat cheered and with the fauour of the king the nobles began to bée satisfied and foure Earles namely Richard the kinges brother William Earle of Warren Richarde Earle Marshall and William Earle of Ferries became Sureties for him vnto the King Vpon which Sureties he was translated to the Castle of Diuisis Whereupon the Bishoppe of Winchester commeth craftely to the King and desireth the custodie of that Castle Craft of a Bishop making no mention of Hubert to the intent that by the kéeping thereof he might the sooner dispatch him Hubert hearing thereof openeth the matter vnto two of his seruāts who cōueyed him by night vpon their backs fettered as he was his kéepers being a sléep into the parish church of the town there remained with him The kéepers after search found him in the Church and with violence drew him into the castle againe whereof the Bishop of Sarum vnderstanding came to the castle where Hubert was and requireth that he might be brought to the church againe from whence he was taken which when the kéepers denied to doo the bishop gaue sentence of excommunication against them and that doone with the bishop of London and other bishops goeth and complaineth to the king of the iniurie doone to Hubert and contumely against the church neyther would they leaue the king Great reuerēce of the church before they had obtained that he should bée brought againe into the Church and so he was but not long after the king commaunded to kéepe him with watch The king hard to L. Hubert againe till either he came forth or perished by famine In the meane season great dissention arose betweene the King and his Nobles by meanes whereof Hubert was taken by Richard Earle marshall into Wales and there remained til the King at length was reconciled with his nobles L. Hubert receiued into the kings fauour and so receiued with the rest Hubert againe into his fauour As Hubert was vexed for emptying the Popes barnes so likewise Roger Bishop of London being suspected for the same was inforced to trauell to Rome there to purge himselfe before the Pope Caursini Italian vsurers This Roger after his returne from Rome laboured to expell out of his Dioces the Italian Vsurers called Caursini and they withstanding him procéedeth to the sentence of excommunication against them But they so wrought with the Pope that they caused the Bishoppe of London being both aged and sicklie to be cited beyonde the Seas there to make answere vnto such obiections as were inferred against him And so the bishop was compelled to let the cause fall The Popes visitation generall The same yere the Pope to recouer his losses proclaymed a generall visitation thorough all religious houses exempt and not exempt vniuersallie pertayning to his iurisdiction where by the cruell dealing of the visitors many were compelled to trauell appeale to Rome to the great expenses of their mony and filling of the popes coffers And as Parisiensis saith the visitatiō tended not to any reformation so much as to the deformation of the vniuersall order while all they which before through all parts of the world folowed onely the rule of Benedict A deformation no reformation Benedict order now through new deuised constitutions are found so deuided diuers that of al the monasteries and other churches of religion scarse may two be found which do agrée in one rule and institution of life In the time that Hubert was secluded frō the king none bare sway vnder him but Peter B. of Winchester Peter bishop of Winchester by whose counsell the naturall seruitours of the king were remooued and straungers placed in greatest offices To him were ioyned Peter de Riuallis his coosin who had cōmitted to him all the great holds munitions of the realme Stephen Segraue who succéeded Hubert Robert Passelew who had the kéeping of
slender and an impertinent answere In the yéere 1244. Iewes the French king sonne to quéene Blāch fell very sicke lying in a swound or trance for certaine daies that some said he was dead his mother amongst the company superstitiously giuen went brought a péece of the holy crosse with the crowne and speare which péece of the holy crosse Baldwinus Emp. of Constantinople whom the Grecians had deposed a litle before for holding with the B. of Rome had sold to the Frēch king for a great summe of mony and blessed him with the same also laid the crowne and speare to his body making a vowe withall in the person of her sonne that if the Lord would visit him with health and release him of that infirmitie hée should be marked with the crosse to visit his sepulcher Thus as shée with the Bishop of Paris and other was praying the King with a sigh began to plucke to his armes and legs and so stretching himselfe began to speake giuing thankes to God that had deliuered him from death And assone as he was well recouered The French King receiueth the signe of the crosse receiued the signe of the crosse vowing for a fréewill sacrifice that he would in his owne person visit the holy land After that great preparation was made thorough out Fraunce for the iourney The most part of the Nobles crossing themselues after the example of the king The Frenchmens example moued William longa Spata with the Bishop of Worcester The voyage of the holy land and certaine Gentlemen to the same iourney Anno 1248. the feast of Iohn Baptist drew nigh which was the time appointed for the setting foorth and nothing wanted thereto sauing the variance betwixt Frederike the Emperour and the Pope which he thought good to séeke to appease that he might haue both safer passage through the Emperours countrey and lesse ieopardy might be at home The Pope refuseth al agreement with the Pope But the Pope would not in any sort come to agréement although the Emperour offered him whatsoeuer amendes hée woulde require and if the Pope could not abide his tarrying in his owne dominions and empire he said he woulde go fight against the Saracens and Turkes neuer to return into Europe againe there to recouer lands and kingdomes whatsoeuer did at any time belong vnto Christendome so that the Pope would be onely contented that Henrie his sonne should be Emperour after him Neither could this be admitted Then he offered for truth of his promise to put in the French king and the king of England for his sureties or els for triall of his cause to stande to their arbitrement Neyther woulde that bée graunted At last hée desired that hée might come himselfe and answere before the Councell which the Pope also refused Paris fol. 187. Anno 1225. The French king finding no fauour at the Popes hand Damiata won from the Turks for the Emperour taketh his leaue of him at Lions with heauinesse and proceeded in his iourney and hauing nowe taken Damiata the Soldan sent vnto the king by certaine that were about him offering to the Christians the quiet and ful possession of the holy land and all the kingdome of Hierusalem and besides other infinite treasure of gold and siluer or what els soeuer might pleasure them Onely vppon condition that they woulde restore againe Damiata with the captiues there and so woulde ioyne together in mutuall peace and amitie c. It was also firmly spoken that the Soldan with most of his nobles were intended to leaue the law of Mahomet and imbrace the faith of Christ so that they might quietly enioy their landes and possessions But they had commaundement from the Pope by his legate The pope hindreth the peace that if any such offers shoulde be made they should not in any case accept of them Paris fol. 233. But afterward the Soldan growing to bee more confident refused that which before he had offered and in conclusion the army of the Christians was wholly destroyed The armie of Christians wholy destroied by the Saracens and the French king with his two brethren taken prisoners the King was raunsomed at sixtie thousand marks and Damiata deliuered againe vpon condition that the Soldan shoulde sée him safely conducted to Achon 80000. Christians perisheth in the warres against the Turkes The number of Christians that perished in that iourney were 80000. persons Paris fol. 237 238. After this ouerthrow of the French king and his army the Christians of Antioch and of other Christian regions gaue ouer their holdes and cities In the raigne of Henrie the third was the good Emperour Federike the second vexed of the Popes first of Innocentius the third to whom with his dominions hée was in his minoritie committed by his mothers testament thinking thereby to haue safely prouided for him But this Pope so soone as hée had protection of the young Emperour and his seigniories became a false Traytour against him and stirred vp Sibill the late wife of Tancredus whome Henrie put from the kingdome of Sicilie to recouer the same againe procured the ayd of the French K. therunto At which time the worthy protector Innocent 3. sent his legats with letters of excōmunication against such that wold not admit one Walterus who had married with the eldest daughter of Tancredus for their king and also absolued the Princes electors and other Nobles from their oath which they had made to Henricus touching the establishing of his son in the empire and wrote his Epistle to the Duke Barthold of Zaringia to be Emperour which he refusing hée went about to procure that Otho the sonne of Henrie Leo should be made Emperour But Frederick now growing to mans estate gathered his powre and pursued Otho Fredericke crowned Emperour by pope Honorius who anon after died and so he was crowned Emperour of Honorius the Pope that succéeded Innocentius and was of him consecrated and called Augustus After his consecration he gaue many great giftes Gifts to the Church of Rome assured by his charter to the church of Rome the dukedome of Fundanum hée gaue moreouer and remitted what constitutions the Pope would desire whereby what soeuer he were which for the diminution of the liberties of the church were excommunicated and so continued a yéeres space that then he should be within daunger of proscription and not be released without satisfactiō made and that he were admitted by the Pope to the Church againe A while after Frederike departing from Rome certain conspirators both bishops others against the emperor fled to Honorius for succour Which when Frederik vnderstood he began to expostulate with the B. considering the vnséemlinesse of that his fact the pope on the other side Honorius curseth the Emp. Frederike thundered out his curses and excommunications against him Nicholaus Cisnerus affirmeth that whilest Frederike the Emperor was in Sicilia his wife Constantia died at Catrana or Catana In
almost to Rome and after that Vmbria and Picena yet for Christian and publicke tranquillitie sake hée sendeth vnto him his Legates to entreate a peace declaring that hée would if no other conceyued grudge were then pretended make to him an accompt voluntarily of all things that hée had doone in his life The Emp. offereth to giue accompt of his things to the Pope and that hée would and was contented to submit himselfe vnto the Church and that for this cause hée willingly offered vnto him both dutie and obseruancie and sent him Princes and Dukes of the Empyre to entreate for this peace yet was the popes insolencie such that hée would not that yéere be brought to any agréement but the next yéere after with much adoe Peace betwixt the Emp. and the pope a peace was made and concluded betwixt them by the helpe and industrie of Leopaldus of Austria and Hermannus Captaine of the Duitch souldiers and the President of Messana The Pope then absoluing the Emperour of his excommunication tooke therefore of him an hundred and twentie thousand ounces of golde 120000. ounces of gold to the Pope for the Emperours absolution and promised him the titles both of the empire and also of his kingdomes yet kept he not promise with him for besides other breaches he neither restored the customs in the land of Sicil neither yet the city Castellana Yet notwithstanding Frederike for peace sake bare the iniury and studied by liberall giftes to make the Pope his trustie frend But no meanes would serue so that he moued Henrie the Emperors sonne in his absence to rebell against his father The P. moueth the Emp. sonne to rebel against his father besides other conspiracies procured against the Emperor who returning into Italie to punish those that had rebelled with his sonne The P. admonished those that were faultie to ioyne themselues together and to furnish their Townes and Cities with garisons to send for ayde to their frendes and to prouide weapons méete for war And furthermore sendeth his Ambassador to the Emp. to whō vnder pretence of peace he sendeth out commandemēt to interdict him and his land so soone as he came within the borders of Italie yet the Emperour marcheth forth into Italie notwithstanding the Popes forbidding and brought vnder the cities that rebelled as Mantua The Emp. preuaileth for all the Popes curse Verona Ternisium Patauium and others ouerthrew the Popes confederates whereat the pope being somewhat dismaid began to feare the Emperor and now goeth about to depriue him which hée vnderstanding sendeth foure Legates vnto him that might answere and refute the crimes layd against him With which Embassadours the Pope refuseth to speake and at a day appointed pronounceth the sentence of proscription against the Emperour The pope pronounceth the sentence of proscription against the Emperour depriuing him of all his dignities honours titles prerogatiues kingdomes and the whole empire and and sollicited against him Tewepolus the Venetian who yet stood fast and faithfull to the Emperour Yet certaine princes of Germanie by the Popes meanes reuolted from the Emperour as Otho the Gouernour of Rhemes and Duke Boiora who also caused thrée other Princes and Dukes Reuolt from the Emperour to the Pope to reuolt from the Emperour to the Pope as Vuenceslaus and Belus Princes of che Hungarians and Henrie Duke of Polonia to whom also came Fredericus Austriacus his sonne These gathering a Councell when they had thought to haue translated the empire vnto the kings sonne of Denmarke desired to haue the Popes Legates to be sent from him to the effect of that election These newes being brought to the Emperor at Patauium hee purgeth himselfe of the crimes to the Christian Princes and denounceth a solemne Councell of all the princes and other Nobilitie of the Empire at Aegera to whom resorted diuers States The Church spoiled to maintaine the popes warres and Nobles The pope on the other side soliciting against the Emperor all that hee might so that some had tithes geuen them to fight against the Emperor other Glebe-lands and benefices other the spoyle of such Colledges and Monasteries as tooke not part with the Pope And to some other were geuen Colledges and Monasteries themselues yea there were certaine of the popes owne birdes that had their ecclesiasticall tithes taken from them and other some had the rentes and reuenewes of their Colleges pluckt away by force The Emp. preuaileth to the maintenaunce of the popes quarrell against the Emperour But the Emperour preuayled and came to Viterbium which draue the Pope into a feare least he would also come to Rome wherefore he caused a supplicatiō to be drawne pourtraying about the same the heads of Peter and Paule Euerlasting life promised to such as wold fight against the Emperor and with a sharpe and cōtumelious Oration he much defaced the Emperour promising them euerlasting life and giuing the badge of the crosse to as many as would arme themselues and fight against the Emperour as against the most wicked enemy of God and his church yet the Emperour by Gods blessing preuailed and subdued the popes confederates Now while this stir was betwixt the Emperour and the pope Ochodarius the Emperour of the Tartarians sonne with a great power inuaded the borders next adioyning vnto him there wan Ropolanum Rodolium Mūdanum with diuerse other cities townes killing man woman child and destroyed all Hungarie made great spoile in both the Pannonias Mesiarum Bulgaria Seruia When Belus the king of Hungarie had gotten to Pola a citie of Histria vnto Otho duke of Dalmatia hée sent his Legates to Fredericke the Emperour promising if that he would send him aid to expell the Tartars Hungarie should euer after bée vnder the iurisdiction of the Empire The Emperour was in respect of the common cause of Christians The pope hindereth the defence of christendome very willing to satisfie his request but the pope with his confederats hindered the same as he signified to the king of Hungarie by his letters Notwithstanding he sent Conradus Caesar king of Bohemia and other Princes more of Germanie to withstand the enemy as much as lay in them to doo But the great armie and number of souldiers that ware the crosse by the Popes assignement differed their iourney agaynst the Tartarians and had commaundement giuen them by Albertus the Popes procurator to abide at home till they should be called for in battle to fight against the Emperour and notwithstanding this spoile and hauocke of Polonia Bohemia and Hungaria by the Tartarians it was determined that at Libussa the Princes confederate should be assembled about the deposing of the Emperour and creating an other the league with him and the French king by the popes means The Emp. wasteth about Rome either was vtterly infringed or else in variable suspence Wherefore Fredericke now seing no other remedie prosecuteth his warre to
called Peter de Cugnerijs P. de Cugneriis being one of the kinges Councell rose vp and spake on the kings behalfe taking for his Theame Render vnto Caesar that which is his and vnto God that which is Gods which he prosecuted very effectuallie and deliuered a bil of 64. articles wherin the Spiritualty vsurped vpon the temporaltie and gaue the Prelates time to deliberate 64. Articles against the spiritualtie which was til the Friday next ensuing On which day the B. Edwine and Archb. of S. Senon elect in the name of the whole Clergie answered for them all before the King and endeuoured to proue that a person ecclesiasticall might haue temporall iurisdiction by the example of Melchizedech who was k of Salem Priest c. And in the conclusion of his replie said because a byl of many articles was exhibited parte whereof did infringe the whole Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction to the defence wherof wée wil stand vnto the death said he some other of them contain onelie certayne abuses which we beléeue none such to be but if there be we will sée redresse therein to the quietnesse of the people and praise of almightie God The next Friday following the Bishop of Eduen taking the Psalme 89. Lord thou art our refuge extolled the kings person sitting with his Barons and Counsellers about him and prosecuted an answere to the Lord Peter of Cugners oration and proued both swordes to belong vnto the Pope and answered particularlie the Articles aboue mentioned The next Friday after this the Prelates assembled againe at Vicenas before the king to heare their answere where the Lord Peter of Cugner beyng Prolocutor for the king tooke for his Theame I am peace vnto you doo not feare wherevpon he signified that they should haue no feare nor be troubled for any thing that there had béene spoken for that the entent of the King was to kéepe the rites of the Church and Prelates which they had by law and by good and reasonable custome but yet proued that the knowledge of ciuill causes belonged not to them Knowledge of ciuill causes belongeth not to the clergy which notwithstanding he said the K. was ready to heare the informatiō of thē that would instruct him of any custome and those customes which were good reasonable he would obserue which answere liked not the B. Edwin but he replied again in the prelates defence and in cōclusion beséeched the K. that it would please him to giue them a more comfortable answere that they might not depart from his presence all pensiue and sad whereby occasion might be giuen to the Laitie to impugne the rites and liberties of the Church It was answered againe that the kings intent was not to impugne the customes of the Church The Sunday followyng at Vicenas they had answere and assurance from the King that they should suffer no damage in his tyme yea and that hée would defend their rightes and customes because it should not bée sayd that hée would giue examples to others to impugne the Church and that if the Bishoppes and Prelates would sée reformation of those things that were to be amended Reformation to be doone whereabout he would take respite betwéene this and Christmasse next following his grace would innouate nothing and if in the foresayd space they would not reforme that which was amisse his Maiestie would appoynt such order as should be acceptable to God and his subiects After this the Prelates and Cleargie had leaue of the King to depart and went home This Parlement of the French is to be referred to the yéere 1329. Anno 1307. King Edward marching toward Scotland died after whom succéeded his sonne Edward the second The K. dieth About the yéere 1310. or the next following came in first the Crooched friers Crooched friers and also began first the Knights of the order of Iohn Baptist called otherwise the Knights of the Rhodes Knights of the Rhodes for that they by manly knighthood put the Turks out of the Rhodes 54. Templars burned at Paris This yéere the French K. caused to be burned 54. Templars at Paris with the great Maister of the order and by his procurement Pope Clement the fifth who succéeded Benedict called a Councell at Vienna where the whole order and sect of Templars beyng condemned was shortly after by the consent of all Christian kings deposed all in one day The Tēplars put downe vniuersally The cause why those vngodly Tēplars were put downe was so abhominable and filthy that it is not with modestie to be named After the deposing of the Templars the King of France thought to make his sonne king of Ierusalem and to conuert to him all the landes of the Templars but Pope Clement would not thereto agrée transferring all their landes to the order of the Hospitallers The Pope selleth the Templars landes for a great summe of mony giuen for the same In the same Councell it was also decréed by Pope Clement that all religious orders exempted should be subiect vnder the common lawes as other were but the Cistercian Monkes with mony and great giftes redéemed their priuiledges and exemptions of the Pope and so had them graunted Cistercian monks exēpt Rob. Auesb. But the Franciscans sped vnhappily with their suite of which Franciscans when certaine had offered vnto the Pope Clement foure thousand Florens of gold beside other siluer that the Pope would dispence with them to haue landes and possessions against their rule the Pope asked them where that mony was and they answered in the marchauntes handes The Pope absolued the marchauntes of their bondes and commaunded all that money to bée imployed to his vse declaring vnto the Friers that hée woulde not infringe the rule of Saint Francis The pope conseneth the Frāciscan Friers lately canonized neyther ought hee to doe it for anie money Thus the Friers lost their money and their indulgence Ex eodem Sabellicus writeth that Clement the fift excommunicated the Venetians The Venetiās cursed of the popa for ayding and preferring of Aroda vnto the estate of Ferrarie and wrote his letters throughout all Europe condemning them as enemies of the church and giuing their goodes as a lawfull pray vnto all men which caused them to sustayne great harme So that Fancis Dandulus a noble man of Venice beeing Embassadour A monstrous tyrannie was fayne so to humble himselfe before this proude tyrannicall Prelate that hée suffered a chayne of yron to bee tyed about his necke and to lye downe flat before his table and so to catch the bones and fragmentes that fell as if he had béene a dogge til the Popes fury was toward them asswaged About this time Rob. Winchelsey Archb. of Canterbury whom the kings father had banished before was released and returned home from Rome Great disturbance rose betwixt the king and the nobles who hauing their power lying about Dunstable sent message vnto the king at
at euening the bel to toll the Auies as it was vsed in the popish time to helpe the souldiers that fought against the Turkes Auies doth helpe thē that fought against the Turkes for which cause he ordained the feast of the transfiguration of the Lord The feast of transfiguratiō solēnising it with like pardons and Indulgences as was Corpus Christi day Also this pope procéeding contrary to the councels of Constance and Basil decréed that no man should appeale from the Pope to any Councell by whom also S. Edmund of Canterbury with diuers others were made Saints S. Edmund of Canterbury made Saint Next vnto Calixtus succéeded Pius Secundus Pius Secūdus Pope otherwise called Aeneas Siluius who wrote the 2. bookes of cōmentaries vpō the councell of Basill This Aeneas at the writing of these his bookes séemed to be a man of indifferent tollerable iudgement and doctrine from the which afterward being Pope he séemed to decline and swarue séeking by all meanes possible to abolish the bookes which before he had written wheras before he preferred generall councels before the P. now being P. he did decrée Pope Pius altered his former iudgemēt that no mā should appeale from the B. of Rome to any councels likewise for priests mariages whereas before he thought it best to haue their wiues restored yet afterward he altered his mind otherwise There was great discord betwixt this P. Dorotheus archb of Mentz vpō the same betwene Frederike the Palatine the duke of Wittenberg with others by occasion wherof Mentz looseth his freedome besides the slaughter of many the citie of Mentz which was before frée lost the fréedome became seruile The causes of the discord betwixt Pius and Dorotheus Discord betwixt P. Pius Dorotheus were these 1. Because that Dorotheus would not consent vnto him in the impositiō of certaine tallages taxes within his countrie 2. For that Dorotheus would not be bound vnto him requiring that the said Dorotheus being prince elector should not call the electors together without his license 3. Because hée would not permit vnto the Popes legates to conuocate his Clergie together after his owne lust This Pius began Anno 1458. After Pius 2. succéeded Paulus Secundus a pope wholy set vpon his belly Paulus Secundus Pope and ambition and a hater of all learned men This Paulus had a daughter begotten in fornication whom because he saw her to be therefore hated began as the stories report to repent him of the lawe of the single life of Priestes The pope for mariages of Priestes Pope Sixtus 4. Stewes at Rome The yeere of Iubile altered once againe and went about to reforme the same Ex Stanisl Rutheo After this Paulus came Sixtus the 4. which builded vp in Rome a stewes for both kinds getting thereby no smal rēts reuenewes This pope among other his acts reduced the yéere of Iubile from the 50. to the 25. He also instituted the feast of the conception and of the presentation of Marie and Anna her mother and Ioseph also he canonized Bonauenture and S. Francis for Saints By this pope also were brought in beades Beades Ladies Psalter and he instituted to make our ladies psalter through the occasion of one Alanus and his order who were wont by putting beades vpon a string to number their praiers This pope made 32. Cardinals in his time of whom Petrus Renerius was the first who A prodigall Cardinall for the time he was Cardinal which was but 2. yéers spēt in luxurious riot 200000 Florens and was left 4000. in debt Weselius Groningensis in a certaine treatise of his de indulgentijs Papalibus writeth of this pope Sixtus that at the request of this Peter Cardinal and of Hierom his brother he graunted vnto the whole family of the Cardinal S. Lucy in the 3. hot moneths Iune Iuly August Liberty for Sodomitry frée liberty to vse Sodomitry with this clause Fiat vt petitur That is Be it as it is asked Next after this Sixtus came Innocentius the eight Innocentius 8. Pope a man verie rude and farre from all learning Amongest the noble actes of this Pope this was one that in the towne of Paulus Equicolus hée caused 8. men and 6. women with the Lord of the place to be apprehended and iudged for heretikes because they said that none of them were the Vicars of Christ which came after Peter but onely they which followed the pouerty of Christ Also he condemned of heresie George the K. of Boheme King of Boheme condemned of the P. and depriued him of his kingdome and procured his whole stocke to be vtterly reiected giuing his kingdom to Matthias king of Pannonia Anno 1461. king Henry the 6. was deposed by Edward the 4. after he had raigned 38. yéeres and an halfe Henry the 6. founded the colledge of Eaton Colledge of Eaton and another house hauing then the title of S. Nicholas in Cambridge and now called the kings Colledge Ex scala mundi This king Henrie reiected the popes buls which graunted to Lewes Archb. of Roane the profites of the Bishopricke of Ely after the death of the Bishop by the name of the administration of the said bishopricke Anno 1461. Henry the 6. being deposed Edward the 4. was crowned king An. 1471. Vpon the assentiō eue K. Henry being prisoner in the tower departed this life was brought by Thames in a bote to the abbey of Chertsey there buried Polydor after he had described the vertues of this king recordeth that king Henry the 7. did afterward translate the corpes of him from Chertsey to Windsore and addeth moreouer that by him certaine miracles were wrought Henry the 6. to be canonized a Saint for successiue change for the which cause Henry the 7. laboured with pope Iulius to haue him canonized for a Saint but the death of the king was the let Edward Hall writing of this matter declareth that the cause of the let was the excessiue fées which were so great of canonizing a king aboue any prelat that the king thought best to kéepe his money in his chest About the yéere 1465. There was here in England a Frier Carmelite who preached in Michalemas terme at Paules crosse in London that our Lord Iesus Christ was in pouertie and did begge in the world Which question was so stirred here that it came to the Popes eares Paulus 2. the next yere following who eftsoons sent downe his bul signifying to the Prelates that this heresie that pestiferously doth affirme An heresie to hold the Christ was a begger that Christ did openly begge was condemned of old time by the Bishop of Rome and his Councels and that the same ought to be declared in al places for a dangerous doctrine and worthy to be troden downe vnder all mens féete Anno 1473. in August one Iohn Goose or Husse was
abhorring this shamelesse practise anno 1517. vp openly the Temple ioyning to the castle of Wittemberge the morrow after the feast of all Saintes certaine propositions concerning Indulgenes Luther an augustine fier Whereupon the Frier Tecellius inueighed against Luther in his sermons calling him heretike and worthie to be persecuted with fire and burned Luthers Propositions opēlie and a Sermon which he wrote of Indulgences This rage of the Frier caused Luther to intreate more amplie of the matter Luther accused to the B. of Rome wherefore he was accused to the Bishop of Rome and minding as yet no further indeuoured to get the popes fauour writing vnto him for the same with all submission in these wordes Most holie Father Luther writeth to the P. I offer my selfe prostrate vnder the feete of your holinesse with all that I am and that I haue Saue me kill me call me recall me approue me reproue mee as you shall please your voice the voice of Christ in you speaking I will acknowledge If I haue deserued death I shall be contented to die c. This was in the yéere of our Lord one thousand fiue hundred and eightéene Dialogues against Luther Eckius against Luther Not long after the impudent dealing of Frier Tecellius steppeth out one Siluester de Priero a Dominike Frier which published rayling dialogues against Luther Vnto whom Luther made answere againe Next after this Siluester stepped vp Eckius and impugned the conclusions of Luther With whome encountred D. Andreas Bedensteme Archdeacon of Wittemberge making his apologie in the defence of Luther Afterwarde Martin Luther was cited vp the 7. day of August by one Hieronimus Bishop of Ascalon to appeare at Rome The Vniuersitie of Wittemberg hearing therof directed vp their letters with their publike seale to the P. in Luthers behalfe Duke Frederike also by his letters sued to Cardinall Caietanus who was then at Augusta that the cause of Luther might be fréed from Rome and remoued to Augusta to the hearing of the Cardinall The Cardinal at the Dukes suite wrote to the Pope and receiued answere that hee shoulde call Luther before him at Augusta and if he foūd him obstinate that he should interdict him with al his adherents and mainteiners whosoeuer the Emperors person only excepted The Pope also directeth other letters at the same time to Duke Fred. complayning with many gréeuous words against Luther P. cōplaineth against Lut. About the beginning of October M. Luther came to Augusta at the charges of the prince Elector and hauing obteined safeconduct from the Emperor Maximilian presented himself to the cardinal who propounded vnto him 3. things 1. That hée should reuoke his errours 2. That he should promise from that time forward to abstaine from the same 3. That hée should abstayne from any thing that might trouble the Church whereunto hée answered that he was perswaded it was sound and Catholike which hée had said and that he was ready to answere to that should be obiected against the same and that concerning the matters he would heare the iudgement of the vniuersities of the Empyre Basill Friburg and Louane After this Luther prepareth an answere by and by to Caietanus teaching that the merites of Christ are not committed to men that the Pope may erre that hée ought to bee reprehended that authoritie of Scriptures ought to leade in matters of faith that the extrauagant containeth vntrueths c. The Cardinall woulde heare no Scripture but commaunded Luther to come no more in his presence except hée woulde recant yet Luther abode there still and departed not The Cardinall sent for Iohannes Stupitius Vicar of the Augustines and mooued him earnestly to bring Luther to recant of his owne accord Luther tarried two daies after and nothing was saide vnto him Luther submitteth himselfe the third day hée deliuered his minde in writing submitting himselfe and promising that he would haue more moderation and that touching the matter of pardons hee would procéede no further Onely he saide he could not retract his sentence before defended for so much as he had said nothing but with a good conscience and that was agréeable to the testimony of the Scriptures This wryting the Cardinall lightly regarded Which when Luther sawe and tarrying yet two dayes longer vnderstanding that the Cardinall had saide that he had commaundement to imprison Iohn Stupitius and Luther after he had made and set vp his appeale he departed from the Cardinall After Luthers departure the Cardinall writeth a sharp letter vnto duke Fredericke declaring the dangerous doctrine of Luther and exhorteth the Duke to tender his owne honour and safetie and to expell Luther out of his dominions Whereto the Duke answereth both purging himselfe and Luther desiring the Cardinall to be a meanes to the Pope that innocencie and truth be not oppressed before the errour be lawfully conuicted This doone the Duke sendeth the letter of the Cardinall to Luther Luther writeth again to the duke and declareth how he was dealt with at Augusta what he offered and how he attended offering also him selfe to banishment to auoyde the malice of his enimies no doubt both the Duke and Luther were brought into a streight In which meane time the Vniuersity of Wittenberg wrote their letters in defence of Luther which caused the Duke now seriously to hearken to his cause This was ann 1518. about the beginning of December In the mean time in the moneth of Nouember the pope sendeth forth new indulgences into Germany New pardons and into all quarters with a new edict wherein he declareth that the bishop of Rome hath power to release dispense and to grant indulgences auaileable aswell for the liuing as the dead lying in the paynes of purgatorie Luther in the meane time hearing how they minded to procéede against him at Rome appealeth from the Pope to a generall Councell which the Pope vnderstanding practiseth with the Duke by flatterie and by secrete letters to Noblemen of the Dukes Councel that they might remoue the Dukes minde from Luther But before Melitus his ambassador approached Germanie Maximilian Maximilian died an 1519. in the moneth of Ianuarie and through the meanes of Frederike Prince Elector the Empire fel to Carolus v. surnamed Prudens about the end of August In the moneth of Iune before there was a publike disputation ordained at Lypsia a citie in Misma A disputation of Lipsia vnder the dominiō of George duke of Saxonie vncle to duke Frederick At that disputation Eckius and Carolostadius disputed of frée will and thether came Luther and Phillip Melancthon to heare what was doone Luther not minding nor purposing to dispute but there beyng prouoked he disputed with Eckius of the Popes supremacie of Purgatorie of Indulgences and of Penance This was in the moneth of Iuly an 1519. About the beginning of which yéere Zuinglius Zuinglius came first to Zurich and taught who at Zurick withstood Sampson a Frier that
make fortresses all the country ouer which when they vnderstood they made request vnto her againe that these conditions might be moderated with certaine other demaunds for their libertie and aboue all they beséeched her to take pittie on them and that they might not be compelled to doo any thing against their conscience c. After which supplication viewed and read of the Duches Libertie granted to the Waldois she so perswaded the Duke that answere was made according to their mind preaching permitted with frée libertie their goods restored and fréedoms liberties general and particular restored Yet so that Masse should be said in all the parishes of these Valleis no man compelled to come to the same the captiues were also restored that were sent to the gallies and reasonable ransome taken for the prisoners of the Waldois and so through the meanes of the Duchesse the poore Waldois haue béene quiet vntil this day Anno 1526. a certaine Iew in Constantinople was conuerted to the faith which when the Turkes knew they slue him and cast out his dead body not suffering it to be buried which lay 9. or 10. daies incorrupt keping colour and freshnes as if it had not béene dead with a pleasant delectable sauour which when the Turkes behelde they buried the bodie themselues being greatly astonied thereat The end of the seuenth Booke The Abridgement of the second volume of the Ecclesiasticall historie of the Actes and monuments of Martyrs from the time of King Henrie the eight to Queene Elizabeth our gracious Ladie now reigning ANno 1519. Mistresse Smith widowe Robert Harchets shoomaker Archer Shoomaker Thomas Bond Shoomaker Wrigsham a Glouer Lansedall a hosier were on Ashwednesday taken and put in prison and the weeke nexte before Easter were condemned for relapse because most of them had borne fagottes in the same Citie before to bee burned at Couentrie Burned at Couentrie the principall cause of their apprehension was that they taught their familie the Lordes praier and tenne commaundements in English Mistresse Smith onely was dismissed for that present and sent away but as Mourton the Somner was leading her home because it was somewhat darke in the euening by the arme hearing the ratling of a scrol within her sléeue yea said he what haue you here and finding that it was the Lordes praier the beléefe and the tenne commaundements in English Ah syrah said he as good nowe Mistresse Smith as another time come and so he brought her backe againe to the Bishop where she was immediatly condemned and so burned with the sixe before mentioned the fourth day of Aprill in a place thereby called the little Parke Anno 1521. Robert Sylkes 1521 Robert Sylkes who was one of the former companie and by flight escaped was brought to Couentrie two yeeres after and burned the morrow after he came thither which was about the 13. day of Ianuary These Martyrs being thus dispatched the Shiriffes took their goods and cattle to their owne vse their wiues and children being left destitute Anno 1527. Patricke Hamleton 1527 Patricke Hamleton a Scotchman borne of a noble house the first day of March was condemned for the testimonie of the trueth and burned at Saint Andrews in Scotland he at the Vniuersitie of Marpurge in Germanie by conference with Franciscus Lambertus did so grow in knowledge and zeale that hée first there set vp conclusions to be disputed of concerning faith and workes Patrickes articles The articles wherefore hee was condemned were these 1. Man hath no frée will 2. Man is iustified by faith in Christ 3. A man so long as hée liueth is not without sinne 4. He is vnwoorthie to bée called a Christian which beléeueth not that hee is in grace 5. Good woorkes doe not make a good man though a good man doth good workes 6. An euill man bringeth foorth euill workes which being repented of doe not make an euill man 7. Faith hope and charitie cannot bée seuered in one man in this life For the condemnation and burning of this man the diuines of Louane by letters gaue thankes vnto the Archbishoppe of Saint Andrewes and the Diuines of Scotland This Patricke Hamleton cited the blacke Frier called Cambell who accused him to appeare before God to aunswere the innocencie of his death and named a certayne daie when before which time the Frier died without remorse of conscience Patricke Hamelton wrote a Treatise of diuinitie called Patrickes places Patrickes places and they were translated out of Latine wherein he wrote them into Englishe by Iohn Frith A few yéeres after the Archbishoppe of S. Andrewes burned Henrie Forrest Henry Forest who had taken orders of Bennet and Collet for saying Maister Patricke was a martyr and his opinion good He was betraied by Walter Long a Fryer to whom he confessed himselfe He suffered death at the North Church stile of S. Andrewes Within a yéere after the martyrdome of Henry Forest or there about Iames Hamleton Iames Hamleton the brother of Patrick Hamleton the martyr was called in question for mainteining the opinions of his brother but the king Iames the 5. gaue him counsell to depart and not appeare which if hee did he could not helpe him for the Bishops had perswaded him that the cause of heresie did not appertaine vnto the king So he fled and was condemned as an heretike and all his goods confiscate Catherine Hamleton his sister and Aunt to the king Recant recanted her opinion touching iustification without respect of woorkes béeing thereto perswaded by the king and so escaped At the same time also an honest woman of Lieth for crying in her trauell Christ helpe me when the mydwife bad her say Our Lady helpe me was caused to recant Recant About the same time Maister Norman Gurley Norman Gurley because he denied purgatorie and said the Pope was Antichrist and would not recant was condemned by Iames Hay Bishop of Rose commissioner of Iames Beton Archbishop of S. Andrewes and burned vpon the gréenes side betwixt Lieth and Edenburgh With him was burned Dauid Straton Dauid Straton for saying there was no purgatory but the passion of Christ and tribulations of this world he was also falsly accused to haue said no tithes were to be paid for that he casting his fishes to the Vicar of Eglisgrige some fell into the Sea Anno 1532. Thomas Harding Harding who with his wife before had abiured after lōg penance was burned as a relapse being condemned by Iohn Longland Bishoppe of Lincolne at the North ende of the towne of Chesham in the Dell going to Botley when they had set fire on him there was one that dashed out his brayns with a billet It was supposed of them that they might haue fourtie dayes of pardon that shoulde carrie wood to his burning on hope whereof manie people caused their children to beare billets and fagottes to the burning of Martyrs He was burned on the euen
of Corpus Christi day béeing of the age of threescore yeeres and aboue About the same time diuerse others suffered trouble for the doctrine of the trueth as vnder Doctour London Maistresse Alice Dolie béeing accused of her mayde Elizabeth Wighthill for holding against Purgatorie agaynst Images for the articles of the Créede in English this was about 1520. Anno 1525. Frier Hackman for holding frée saluation by grace Anno 1525 Also Robert West priest of S. Andrewe vnder shaft for commending Martin Luther c. for which he was abiured ibid. Father wife and sisters against the Christians Anno 1530. Iohn Ribourne was accused by both his sisters his owne wife and of his owne father who were compelled by Iohn Longland Bishop of Lincolne to depose against him concerning meates Purgatorie pilgrimage prayer in the English tongue c. Iohn Eaton and Cecill his wife of the parish of Spure were detected by Richarde Ryburne for holding downe their heades at the sacring time and when the belles did ring at the feast of exaltation of the holie crosse betweene Mattines and Euensong for saying What a clampering of belles is here Tho. Lounde Thomas Lounde priest who had beene with Luther two yeeres béeing afterwarde cast in the Fleete at London was a great instructer of Iohn Ribourne afore mentioned At the same time vnder Iohn Longland Bishoppe of Lincolne Iohn Simonds was molested for denying Purgatorie for denying singlenes of priestes it was also testified against him that he conuerted eight priests had holpen two or thrée friers out of their orders Vnder the same Bishop about that time Abiured were these persons following examined excommunicated and abiured for being together in Iohn Taylors house of Hichenden and there hearing Nicholas Fielde of London to reade a parcell of Scripture in Englishe to them and expounde to them many thinges against images offerings prayer in the Latine tongue against the Sacraments of the Altar purgatorie c. Their names were these William Wingraue Thomas Haukes of Hichenden Robert Hawes of West Wickam Iohn Taylor Iohn Hawkes Thomas Herne of Colshill Nicholas Fielde Richard Deane Thomas Clarke the yonger William Hawkes of Chesham Vnder Iohn Longland Bishop of Lincolne Simon Wisdome of Burford was molested for the Gospell the Psalter the summe of holie Scripture in English so Iames Alger or Aliger because he sayde euerie Christian man liuing after the lawes of God is a Priest hee woulde no dole for his soule and denyed Purgatorie c. He had not of long time beene confessed and for denying the Priestes power of absolution with the other before was compelled to seeke reconcilement in the Church and to abiure the trueth Anno 1526. Pope Clement the seuenth absolueth the othe made of the French king to the Emperour and ioyneth together a confederacie of the Venetians and other Princes against the Emperour whereof the Duke of Burbone and other of the Emperours Captaynes hauing intelligence gathered their armies together and after muche fighting and bloudshed about Millan Hawde and Cremona at length they approched and bent their siege against Rome and after thrée sharpe assaults obtained the Cittie with the whole spoyle thereof Rome spoiled and the Pope taken prisoner Where he besieged the foresaied Pope with his Cardinals in the mount of Adrian and tooke him prisoner Anno 1527. In the Castell of saint Angell at which tyme Rome suffered more spoyle then of the Goathes and Vandalles the Souldiours that dayly laie at the siege of the Castell made iestes of the Pope Rimes made of the Pope sometime they had one riding like the Pope with a whore behinde him sometimes hée blessed and sometime he cursed and sometime they would with one voice call him Antechrist c. When the Cardinall Wolsey here in England heard how his father of Rome was taken prysoner he laboured to the Kinge to fight against the Emperour for the deliuerie of the Pope whiche the Kinge refused by his owne person or his people to doe but yéelded to the Cardinall of his treasure to take what himselfe thought conuenient who therevpon made out of the Kinges treasure twelue score thousand pounds 220000. li. out of the kings tresure to fight against the Emperour and caried it ouer the sea with him whiche when he came to the kinges court at Amiens he conuerted to the hiring of Souldiours and furnishing out the French kinges armie appointing also certaine Englishe Captaines in the king of Englands name to goe agaynst the Emperour to restore the Pope all whiche armie was paide with the kinge of Englandes mony The cause why the Cardinall bare the Emperour this malice after some wryters appeareth to be this At what tyme as Pope Clement was taken prysoner the Cardinall wrote vnto the Emperour that hée shoulde make him Pope but when he had receiued an aunswere that pleased him not he waxed furious madde and wrote manie menacing letters vnto the Emperour that if hee would not make him Pope hee woulde make suche a ruffeling betweene Christian princes as was not this hundred yéeres before Proude Prelats yea though it should cost the whole Realme of England Whose ambitious endeuour the king himselfe did also fauour as it appeareth by instructions giuen of the King to his Ambassadours at Rome to that effect that Wolsey might be placed in the papacie after the death of Pope Clement to the ende hée might compasse his cause of diuorce To the end the king might compasse his cause of diuorce While the Ambassadours were trauelling at Rome for the aduauncement of the Cardinall to bee Pope if Clement were dead hee played héere the Persecutour at home First hée caused Fryer Barnes an Augustine Fryer to beare a fagotte for certaine pointes which hée called heresie hée caused two marchauntes of the Still yeard to beare fagottes for eating fleshe on Friday This was about Anno 1526. Anno 1528. The Cardinall caused Arthur Bilney Geffery Lound and Garret to be abiured for speaking against the Popes authoritie and his pompous pride Anno 1529. The Cardinall was cast in a Premunire 1529 The proude Cardinal cast in a Premunire and execution performed vppon him hee forfeited all his Landes Tenementes goodes and cattell and should haue beene put out of the Kinges protection The K. gracious to the Cardinall but the king sent him a sufficient protection and of his gentlenesse lefte to him the Bishoprickes of Yorke and Winchester and gaue vnto him plate and stuffe conuenient for his degree Anno 1530. 1530. A Parliament In the moneth of Nouember was summoned a generall parliament to be holden at Westminster in which Syr Thomas Moore succeedeth in the Lorde Chauncelourship vnto the Cardinal The Commons in this Parliament propounded their griefes against the spiritualtie Griefe of the communalty against the spiritualtie which were especially sixe First the excessiue fynes that the Ordinaries tooke for probate of Testaments as a thousande markes
Christes sake and Iohn Chapman in whose house they were who al were carried to the Bishops house but Hewet they sent to Lollardes Towre and kepte Chapman and Tibauld asunder watched with two priestes seruauntes The next day Bishoppe Stokesley came from Fulham and committed Chapman to the stockes and shutte vp Tibauld in a close chamber but by Gods prouidence hee was deliuered out of prison albeit hée coulde not enioy house nor lande because of the Bishoppes iniunction but was fayne to sell all that hee had in Essex Chapman after fiue wéekes imprisonment whereof three hée sate in the stockes by much suite made to the L. Audley who was then Chancellour was deliuered but Andrew Hewet after long and cruell imprisonment was condemned to the fire with Frith after that he had giuen testimony to the trueth Anno 1531. The fiftéenth of Ianuarie Thomas Benet a Schoolemaister of fiftie yéeres of age borne in Cambridge was deliuered vnto Sir Thomas Dennis knight to be burned in Exceter He hid himselfe sixe yeres in Deuonshire but kindeled with zeale he resolued to aduenture his life for the testimonie of Iesus and in the moneth of October he did set vppon the Cathedrall church doore of Exceter scrolles in which were written The Pope is Antichrist and wée ought to worshippe God onelie and no Sayntes the Authour of which billes coulde not bée founde At the last the priestes fell to curse with booke bell and candle the Authour of the same Bennet béeing by who fell into a laughter within himselfe for a great space and coulde not forbeare Whereby some saie hee was bewrayed and taken other that his enemies beeing vncertaine whether it were he or not suffered him to depart home And not beeing able to digest the lyes which were preached sent his boye with other scrolles as before hee had done who béeyng examined confessed whose boye hee was and so Bennet was knowen and taken and committed to warde and béeing called to examination before the heads and cannons of the Citie confessed the fact and after muche disputing with the Friers especially one Gregorie Basset who had lien in prison at Bristow for the trueth and reuolted béeyng threatened hée shoulde haue his handes burned off with a panne of coales which was brought readie at his examination Thomas Bennet martyr hée was condemned to death and burned At whose burning Iohn Barnehouse Esquier béeing present tooke a fyrre bush vpon a pyke beyng sette on fire and thrust it vnto his face because hée woulde not saie Sancta Maria ora pro nobis But he answered Pater ignosce eis and so fire being put to him patiently he ended his life By reason of the rigorous proclamation aboue specified procured by the Bishops great persecution ensued so that a great number were troubled and either burned or constrained to abiure Thomas Cornwell or Austy Anno 1530. for not kéeping his fagot vpon his shoulder after his abiuration was condemned to perpetual prison in the house of S. Bartholomew from whence he afterward fled and escaped Anno 1530. Thomas Philips made his appeale from the B. to the king and would no otherwise abiure then generally all heresies for which the B. did excommunicate him and denounced him contumax and what after became of him it is vncertaine A litle before this time William Tracie William Tracie a woorshipfull Gentleman of Glocestershyre and then dwelling at Toddington made in his will that hée would haue no funerall pompe at his buriall neyther passed hée vppon Masse and saide hée trusted in GOD onelie and hoped by him to bée saued and not by anie Saynt This Gentleman dyed and his sonne his executour brought the Will to the Bishoppe of Canterburie to prooue which hée shewed to the Conuocation and then most cruelly they iudged that he shoulde bée taken out of the ground and bée burnt as an heretike Anno 1532. Wherof the King hearing the Chancelour was fayne to fine thrée hundreth pounds to haue his pardon of the king Anno 1531. Henry Tomson taylor notwithstanding he submitted himselfe to the Bishop yet therewith sentence condemned him to perpetuall prison His cause was the denying of the host to be God The same yéere was Thomas Patmore parson of Hadham in Hartfordshire a godly man and painefull teacher persecuted by Richard FitzIames bishop of London who was desirous to preferre another to the good mans benefice and so hardly was he dealt withall that in the end he submitted himselfe and abiured and was notwithstanding committed to perpetuall prison Howbeit one of his brethren made such suite vnto the king by the meanes of the Quéene that after thrée yéeres imprisonment hée was both released out of prison and also of the King obteyned a Commission vnto the Lord Audley then Lord Chancellour and to Cranmer Archbishoppe of Canterbury and to Cromwel then Secretarie with others to enquire of the vniust dealinges of the Bishoppe and his Chauncellour agaynst Patmore but what was the ende thereof it is vncertaine Anno 1531. Christopher a Dutch man of Antwerp was put in prison at Westminster for selling new Testaments in English and there died The same yer a boy of Colchester or of Norfolk for deliuering a buget of bookes to Richard Bayfield was layed in the prison of Master Moore Chauncellour and there dyed From the yere 1533. during the time of Quéene Anne During the time of Queen Anne no great persecution no great persecution nor abiuration was in the Church of England sauing that x. Anabaptistes were put to death in sundrie places of the Realme And anno 1535. tenne other repented and were saued whereof two were pardoned after sentence geuen which was contrary to the popes law After the Cleargie had with great crueltie vexed Christs flock anno 1534. 1534. Commons against the Cleargie a parlament was called by the king about the 15. daye of Ianuarie in which the Commons renued their old gréefes complaining against the Prelates and Ordinaries for calling men before them ex officio Answere to which requestes the king at that present did delay After the Cardinal had béene cast into a premunire anno 1530 about the yéere 1532 the king made a restraint that nothing should be purchased from Rome Nothing to be purchased from Rome and procéeded further against all the Prelates for supporting the Cardinall by reason whereof they also were entangled with premunire For the releasement whereof they offered the king 118840. poundes which was accepted with much adoe In this submission the king was called of the Cleargie Supreame head Supreme head The motion of the Commons to the king touching their gréeuances from the Cleargy in the prorogation of the parlament tooke good successe Wherein the king prouided remedies and enacted in the same Parlament that no man should be troubled for speaking any thing against the vsurped power of the Bishop of Rome or his lawes not grounded on the law of God The vsurped power of the Pope
indignation that their olde doctrine should be impugned and stirred vp a Gray fryer called Frier Toyttes to teach the people to pray yet to Saints A controuersie in Scotland whether the Lords prayer should be said to Saints or not Whereupon fel such a schisme that not only the Cleargie but also the people were deuided among themselues for the matter in so much that there rose a prouerbe to whom say you your Pater noster And the cleargie for to decide the same controuersie to put the people out of doubt assembled thēselues yet notwithstanding it so depended that it was thought good to call a principal coūsel to decide the matter which being assēbled at Edēburgh the papists wāting reason brast out into vnséemly spéech as frier Toyt being asked to whom he should say his pater noster The Fryer biddeth say the pater noster to the deuil answered say it to the deuil knaue In the end they that were called churchmē were deuided for some of the bishops and diuines consented that it should be said to saints but the B. of S. Andrewes Caitenes and Athenies refused vtterly to subscribe to the same Finally it was declared vnto the people that it should be said vnto God with certeine restrictions and so by little and little the bruite ceassed Anno 1558. W Mill 1539. Walter Mill. was the last that was burned in Scotland for the doctrine of the gospel the xx day of April before the B. of S. Andrewes Murray Brechin a number of other prelates He was brought to the metropolitane church where he was put in a pulpet before the bishops to be accused his weakenes partly of age ill vsage being such as it was thought he should not be able to be heard speake But when he began to speake he made the church ring sound againe to the confusion of the aduersaries and comfort of the godly And being long in his praiers sir Andrew Oliphant one of the Bishops priests called him sir Walter Mill arise and answeare to the Articles for you hold my Lord here ouer long In déede said he I haue béene ouer long one of the Popes knights for he had béene before a Papist but I am called Walter and not Sir When neither threates nor allurements could preuaile they condemned him for the article of Priestes marriages the seuen Sacraments the sacrament of the Altar pilgrimage Before sentence was pronounced Oliphant asked him wilt thou not recant thine erroneous opinions and if thou wilt not I will pronounce sentence against thée I am accused of my life saide hée againe I knowe I must die once friend therfore as Christ said to Iudas doe it quickly yée shall knowe that I will not recant the truth for I am corne I am no chaffe I wil not be blown away with the wind nor burst with the flaile but I wil abide both A notable speech of the martyr Such was his maruellous boldnesse constancie which did so moue the hearts of many that the B. steward of his regaltie prouost of the towne called Patrike Learmend refused to be his temporal Iudge to whom it appertained Also the Bishoppes Chamberlaine being therewith charged would in no wise take vpon him so vngodly an office Yea the whole town was so offended with his vniust condemnation that the bishops seruāts could not get for their money so much as one corde to tie him to the stake or Tarre barrell to burne him but were constrayned to cut the cords of their masters owne Pauilion to serue their turne So being tied to the stake hauing exhorted the people and praied fire being put vnto him he ended in the Lord with such chéerfulnes and constancie enduring his martyrdome that he was the last martyr in Scotland this was in the time of Mary Longawale Quéene regent of Scotland and Iohn Hamelton bishop of Saint Andrewes and primate of Scotland Anno 1511. Vnder William Warrham Archb. of Canturburie certaine martyrs that were omitted whiche suffered at that time with him because they are not to be forgotten are to be referred to that yéere They suffered for deniyng the Sacrament of the Altar c for auricular confession the extréeme vnction images pilgrimages prayer to saints holy bread holy water c. They denie all that they had vttered any thing against those popishe pointes yet witnesses who had partly abiured before and others against nature as the husband against the wife and children against the mother being brought forth they were condemned and put to death Their names were William Carder of Tenderden Weauer Agnes Grebill of the same towne of thréescore yéere old Robert Lawson of Halden of the age 60. Iohn Browne of Ashford Edward Walker of Maidston Cutler who all notwithstanding they promised to submitte themselues yet were they condemned The cause why the good woman so stood as she did to the deniall of those articles obiected against her was for that she neuer thought that her husband and her owne children who only were priuie of her religion would haue testified against her which when she perceiued she repented the time that euer she bare those children of her bodie So notwithstanding that she offered conformitie she was condemned and put to death Her husbandes name was Iohn Grebill her sonnes Christopher and Iohn Besides these which were put to death a number vnder Warren were forced to abiure the trueth against the reall presence confession sacrament of matrimony vnction pilgrimages Images Saintes holie water holie bread c. Also omitted before anno 1539. Iohn a Painter and Giles Germaine who were accused and condemned for heresie at London before the Bishop and other Iudges where by chaunce comming in one of the kings seruaunts named Lancelot a very tall man and séeming by his countenance and gesture to fauour the cause of the poore men was also examined and condemned with them and the next day at fiue a clocke in the morning was carried with them into Saint Giles fieldes and there burned Also about the latter end of Tonstals time bishop of London one Stile was burned in Smithfield with the Apocalips whereon he vsed to read about his necke Stile burned with the Apocalips about his necke Which booke when he saw fastened to the stake with him hée lifted vp his voice and said O blessed Apocalips how happie am I that I shall be burned with thée and so with the booke was he consumed with fire Also ouerpassed before about the second yéere of the raigne of king Henry the eight Iohn Browne of Ashford after xl daies imprisonment when the Archbishop and Doctor Fisher had burned his féete with hote coles to the stumps to make him recant On Friday before Whitsunday he was sent to Ashford where he dwelt the next day to be burned and a yoong maide of his house espying him in the stockes told hir mistresse who ranne and sat by him also all night to whome hée gaue exhortation and declared
the ende being found peruerse and stubborne and not able to iustifie himselfe or his doings after he had taken exceptions and cauilled against the witnesses he was depriued of his Bishopricke by the authoritie of the king and sentence geuen by the Archbishop of Canterburie Winchester depriued among other bishops and Iudges appointed for the cause From this sentence Gardiner appealeth to the king but all in vayne As S. Gardiner was the professed enemie of the Gospell so was Doctor Redman Doctor Redman a fauourer of the gospell in those dayes for his learning famous a fauourer of the same and at his death which was anno 1551. made profession thereof in the presence of M. Yong and others Anno 1552. W. Gardiner a Marchants seruant of Bristow the first day of September in the very solemnization of a marriage betwixt the sonne of the king of Portingall and the Spanish kings daughter in the presence of the princes and Cardinals and Bishops determined to haue stepped to the Cardinall at the Altar and to haue wroong the chalice out of his hands and to haue defaced their popish God but that the prease of people did hinder him So the next sunday where like pompe was vsed and no lesse Idolatry than before W. Gardiner W. Gardiner in the presence of the king and all his Nobles and Citizens with the one hand snatched away the cake from the priest and trode it vnder his féete and with the other ouerthrew the chalice which made them all amazed Then one drawing out his dagger gaue him a great wound in the shoulder and as he was about to haue stricken him againe to haue slaine him the king twise commaunded to haue him saued So by that meanes they abstained from murther After the tumult was ceased he was brought to the K. by whom he was demaunded of his Countrey and how hée durst doe such a déede To whom he declared that he was an Englishman and that for gréefe to sée such Idolatrie hée could not abstaine When they heard that he was an Englishman they were more earnest to know the Procurour The Idolatrie he answered wherwith they prophaned the Lords Supper only procured him They not content therewith vrged him with torments and caused a linnen cloth to be sowed round like a ball the which they with violence put downe his throte vnto the bottom of his stomach tyed with a small string which they helde in their hands and when it was downe they pulled it vp againe with violence so plucking it vp and downe They cast also into prison all the rest of the Englishmen amongst whom one Pēdegrace Pendegrace because he was his bedfellowe was gréeuously tormented and examined more then the residue and scarcely was deliuered after two yeres imprisonment the other were much sooner set at libertie by the intercession of a certaine Duke At the last when al torments and tormentors were weried they asked him whether he did not repent his déede He answered as touching the déed if it were to do he should do it againe But he was sorie it was done in the Kinges presence to the disquiet of his minde After they had vsed al kinde of torments and saw there could be nothing more gathered of him and also that through his wound and paines he could not long liue they brought him thrée dayes after to execution And first of all bringing him vnto the Vestrie cut of his right hand which he taking vp with his left hand kissed Execution done vpon W. Gardiner with all manner of crueltie Then he was brought into the Market place where his other hand was cut of which he knéeling downe vpon the ground also kissed These things thus done his armes being bound behinde him and his féete vnder the horse bellie he was carried to the place of execution where there was a certaine engine from the which a great rope cōming downe by a Pulley was fastened about the middle of the Christian martyr which first pulled him vp then was there a great pile of wood set on fire vnderneath him into the which he was by little and little let downe not with his whole bodie but so that his féete onely felt the fire in which fire the more terribly he burned the more feruently hée praied At last when his féete were consumed the tormentors asked him if he did not repent exhorting him to call vpon our Lady and the Saints whereto he answered that he had doone nothing to repent of and that when Christ did cease to be our Aduocate then he would pray to our Lady The marueilous constancie of William Gardiner said Eternall God father of all mercies I beséech thée looke downe vpon thy seruant c. And when they sought by all meanes to stop his praying he cried out with a loud voice rehearsing the 34. Psalm Iudge me O Lord and defend my cause against the vnmercifull people He was not come to the latter end of the Psalme when the rope being burnt asunder he fell into the fire and so gaue ouer The very same night one of the kings ships was burned in the hauen being set on fire by a sparke of Gardiners fire driuen thither with the winde and the kings sonne who then was married died within halfe a yéere after the death of William Gardiner Anno 1552. 1552 Protector put to death for fellonie the 22. of Ianuarie in the sixt yéere of the reigne of Edward the Duke of Somersette Lord Protector was executed on Tower hill for felonie being accused and quitte of treason And the next yere after deceassed the king him selfe about the moneth of Iune Anno 1553. A Prince of such towardnesse as the worlde neuer had the like before by whom the remnants of Popish Idolatrie and superstition were abolished and the church restored to her sinceritie which died again with him and popery restored in the time of Mary who succéeded him The end of the ninth Booke The tenth Booke WHat time King Edward began to appeare more féeble and weake during the time of his sicknesse a marriage was concluded and also shortly also vpon the same solemnized in the moneth of Maie betwéene the lord Gilford sonne to the duke of Northumberland and the Lady Iane L. Gilford and Lady Iane maried together the duke of Suffolkes daughter whose mother then being aliue was daughter to Marie king Henries second sister And when no hope séemed of recouery of the King it was brought to passe by the consent not onely of the nobility but also of the chiefe Lawyers of the Realme that the King by this Testament did appoint the aforesaid Lady Iane to be Inheritrice to the crown of England passing ouer his two sisters Marie and Elizabeth To this order subscribed all the Kinges Counsell and chiefe of the nobilitie the Mayor of the citie of London almost all the iudges and chiefe Lawyers of this Realme sauing onely Iustice Hales of Kent Iustice
these with other mo were persecuted and sent vp to Boner specially by sir I. Mordāt Edmund Tyrrell Esquire and were condemned by him the third of Aprill and burned the sixtéenth of Maye The 5. day of May was Thomas Drewry Tho. Drewry a blinde boy and Thomas Croker Tho. Croker Bricklayer martyred in the fire at Glocester being condemned by D. Williams then Chaunceller Who when he said that the Chaunceller taught him that which he called Heresie in the pulpit and the Chaunceller bad him doe as he had done No said the boy to him though you can so easily dispense with your selfe and mocke with God the world and your conscience yet I will not so do Then God haue mercie vpon thée said the Chaunceller for I will reade sentence against thée and so did and committed him to the secular power to be burned with Thomas Croker The 21. of May Anno 1556. Thrée men Thomas Spicer Tho. Spicer of Winstone laborer Iohn Denny Ioh. Denny and Edmond Poole Edm. Poole were burned at Beckles for witnes bearing to the trueth They were persecuted by Syr Iohn Tyrrel Knight of Gipping hall in Suffolke and were condemned by Dunning Chauncelour of Norwich and maister Monges the register sitting at the towne of Beckles Where the Chancellour himselfe burst out in teares exhorting them to returne to the papistical Church Which when they refused he read the sentence against them euen with teares and deliuered them to the Secular power Sir Iohn Sylliard being then high Sheriffe of Norfolke and Suffolke notwithstanding that the writ de comburendo was not yet come downe After they had prayed they making confession of their Faith came to I beléeue the Catholike Church That is well saide quoth Sir Iohn Sylliard I am glad to heare that It is the best word I heard of you yet To the which wordes Edmunde Poole answered that though they beleue the Catholike Church yet doe they not beléeue in their Popishe Church and therefore no parte of their beléefe They being all at the stake and the fire burning about them praised God in such an audible voice The Martyrs praise God in the flames of fire as it was wonderfull to all those that stood by By the procurement of sir Iohn Tyrrel knight and other his fellow colleagues there were persecuted out of the towne of Winson in Suffolke these persons here following Anno 1556. Mistris Ales Twaites gentlewoman of the age of 60. yeares and more and two of her seruauntes Humfrey Smith and his wife William Catchpoole and his wife Iohn Mawlin and his wife Nicholas Burlingham and his wife and one Rought and his wife There were also driuen out of the Towne of Mendlesame in Suffolke Simon Harlestone and Catherin his wife with his fiue Children William Whitting and Catherin his wife Thomas Dobson and his wife Iohn Deacon his wife and his maide William Deacon Thomas Woodward the elder one Reynoldes wife a pore widowe one mother Symons maide besydes those that were constrained to do against their consciences The cause of their persecution was the they denyed the Popes supremacie held the Quéene to bée supreme the ministers might marry c. Many of these persōs were of great substance had possessions of their owne The last day of the moneth of May Iohn Slech being imprisoned in the kinges bench for the doctrine of the Gospell there died was buried on the backsyde of the same prison About the 6. day of Iune next following Thomas Harland Tho. Harland of Woodmancote Carpenter Iohn Oswald Iohn Oswalde ibid. husbandman Thomas Auington Th. Auington of Ardinglye Turner Thomas Read Tho. Read suffered at Lewis together for the testimony of the Gospel In the same towne of Lewis and the same moneth suffered Thomas Wood Tho. Wood. and Thomas Milles the 20. day of the same moneth for the testimonie of Iesus Iohn Milles. In the which moneth William Adheral minister dyed in the kinges bench the 24. day of the same moneth and was buried on the backe side And so also Clement whéelwright dying there was buryed vpon a dunghill the 25. of Iune A merchants seruant at Lecester Thirtene at one fire The xxvj of Iune suffered a merchants seruant at Leycester for the testimonie of the gospell The xxvij ot Iune xj men and two womē were burned in one fire at Stratford the Bow by London whose dwellings were in sundry places in Essex Their names were Henry Adlington H. Adlington Laurence Pernam L. Pernam Henry Wye Henry Wye William Halliwell W. Hallywell Thomas Bowyer Th. Bowyer Georges Searles G. Searles Edmund Hurst Edm. Hurst Lion Couch Lyon Couch Rafe Iackson Rafe Iackson Iohn Deryfall Iohn Derifall Iohn Routh Iohn Routh Elizabeth Pepper Eliz. Pepper Agnes George Agnes George vnto whom the sixt of Iune Anno 1556. Doctor Darbyshire Boners Chancellor in forme of law ministred articles of Poperie to which they made their answeres in simplicitie of good conscience When they were condemned and the day appointed that they should suffer which was the xxvij of Iune they were carried to Stratford bowe and deuided in two partes into seuerall chambers Afterward the Shiriffe came to each part and told them that the other parte had recanted and should not therefore suffer death The subtiltie of the diuell counsailyng them to doo the like c. To whom they answered as their brethren had doone before that their faith was not builded on Man but on Christ and his sure worde So the Shiriffe séeing no hope to preuaile had them to the stake which they kissed and embraced very hartely The two womē were loose and not tied to any stake Two women stood loose at the stake and so they all gladly suffered for the gospels sake the extremitie of the fire In the company of those before said were thrée more condemned to die whose names were Thomas Freeman William Stannard William Adams These being in the hands of the secular power Cardinall Poole Cardinall Poole pardoneth certaine condemned for the gospell sent dispensation for their liues by meanes whereof they escaped The Sunday after the condemnation of the sixtéene aforesaid Fecknam Deane of Paules preached at the crosse that they had as many sundry opinions as they were persons wherevpon they set foorth a confession of their fayth and set to their handes After the burning of these in Stratford the same moneth died in the prison of the kings bench in Southwarke one Tho. Parret and was buried in the backeside the 27. day of Iune Also Martine Hunt as is reported in the same prison was famished the 20. day At which time likewise died in the same prison Iohn Norice and was buried on the backside After the death of the thrée aforesaid Roger Bernard Roger Bernard a labouring man dwelling in Fransden in Suffolke was
Epistle of Casse to the church of England eadem The pope still reigneth his exactions 246 Pope Eugenius eadem Articles against the spiritualtie eadem Knowledge of ciuil causes belōgeth not to the clergy 247 Reformatiō to be done ead The king dieth 248 Crouched Friers ead Knights of the Rhodes ead Templars burnt at Paris ead The Templars put down vniuersally eadem The pope selleth the Tēplars lands eadem Cistercian monks exempt ea The pope couseneth the Frāciscane Friers 249 The Venetians cursed of the pope eadem A monstrous tyranny ead Walter Reinald 250 Clement 5. dieth ead Papacy voyd 2. yeeres ead Pope maketh profite of the variance of princes ead 8. pence in euery marke ead Michael house founded in Cambridge eadē Nicholaus de lyra ead Guilielmus 251 Occham ead Adam eadem Simon M. eadem Clement 252 A great heresie ead Ludouicus ead Bauarus Emperor eadem Contentiō betwixt the pope Emp. 24. yeeres eadem pope hath ful power to creat and depose Emperors at his pleasure ead Marsilius Patauinus ead Defensor pacis eadē Pope Nicholas 253 Benedict 12 eadem Emperor depriued ead Variance betwixt the pope French king ead The Emp. must resigne all to the pope eadem The feends hant the pope ea Black curses against the Emperor ead Archb. of Mētz depriued ea Warre with the king of England eadem The Emperour giueth ouer to the pope eadem The Emp. poisoned eadem Gunterus de monte nigro chosen Emperour eadem Charles chosen Emp. 255 The Iubile euery 50. yeere From Auinion to Rome ea 50000. pilgrims eadem The forme of the bull of Iubile eadem The pope commandeth the Angels eadem Against prouisions from Rome 256 Tenths to the king ead Orial colledge and S. Marie hall eadem The abbey of Bury spoyled by the townes men eadem The towne of Bury fyned at 120000. pound eadem The abbot of Cheuingtō ea King Edward the 3. 257 Charter from the king to the cleargy eadem Gregorius Ariminensis ead Taulerus eadem Franciscus Petrarcha ead Iohan. de rupe Scisca eadem Rome the whore of Babylō ea Vade mecum in tribulatione ead Conradus Hayer 258 Gerardus Rydder ead Lachrimae Ecclesiae ead Michael Cesenas ead Petrus de Carbona ead Iohannes de Poliaco ead Rome drunk with the blood of saints ead Iohannes de Castilion ead Francisc de Alcatara ead Simon Islip ead Cāterb college in Oxford 259 New colledge in Oxford ead Pope Innocent the 6. ead Rome the whore of Babylō ea Strife betweene French prelats and Friers eadem Towns-mē of Oxford spoile the scholers 260 Idle holy dayes 262 A priests wages 263 S. Bridgets Nunnes 261 Q. colledge in Oxford ead Holy speare holy nayles ead The order of the bishops of Canterbury eadem A prophecy eadem Haynchardus eadem A prophecy of antichrist 264 Complaint of the plowmen against the cleargy eadem Church of Rome a byrde decked with other byrdes feathers ead Armanach archb of Irelād ea Richard Fitzrafe eadem Iohn Badenthorp ead 9 cōclusiōs against friers ea A long controuersie among the friers 265 Fauourers of friers ead Defensorium curatotiū ead Armanachus a mighty piller of Gods church ead How Rome came by her patrimonie eadem Nicholaus Orem 266 Iesuits begin eadem Offices remoued frō the clergie to the laitie eadem The P. remoueth frō France to Rome eadem Melitzing a Bohemian ead Reseruations of benefices in England no more for the Popes vse 267 Premunire to make appeal to Rome for any cause 268 Holy Briget a great rebuker of the popish clergie ead The x. commandemēts turned into two wordes Dapecuniam eadem M. Paris of Antichrist ead Ioh. Montziger ead Nilus archb of Thessal ead Henricus de Iota 269 Henricus de Hassia ead The deuils belly ful of the P. voluptuousnes eadem 36. burned for the truth ead 140. suffered for refusing the Decretals eadem 24. suffer at Paris ead The act of prouision 270 An acte to continue for euer ead Decrees against oppressiō of the pope ea In Wickliffs time the worlde in worst case 271 Wickliffe against Images ea Iohn of Gaunt L. Percy fauorers of Wickliffe ead The opinions of Wic ead Wic brought before the bishops 272 Wic bid sit down 273 Frō brauling to threats ead A proud B. wounded ea K. Edw. the greatest brideler of the P. dieth ead Wickl goeth barefoot preaching ea Articles out of Wick preaching ead Wic articles cōdemned for heretical 274 Popes bul against Wic ead P. diligence against W. ea 18. heretical opiniōs against Wick 275 W. escapeth the 2. time 276 W. greatly supported by Lōdoners ead pope Gregorie dieth ead A schisme betwixt 2. Popes 39. yeres ea Popes and antipopes ead Clement ead Benedictus 3 ead Boniface 9 ead Innocentius 8 ead Gregorie 12 ead Crueltie among the clergie during the schisme 277 S. Sudburie beheaded of the rude people ead Vicechancellor of Oxford enemie to Wickliffe ead Wic mitigateth his enemies 278 Wickliffes articles condemned ead Tenths are pure almes 279 A terrible earthquake ead Fauourers of Wick appointed to preach 280 Stokes an enemie to Wick 281 D. of Lancastar forsooke the schollers of Wick ead Repington Ashton reconciled ead Repington abiureth ead Lōdiners fauor the truth 282 VVick banished ead Schisme cause of W. quiet ea A cruel bishop 283 Wic parson at Lutterworth ead Wickliffs constancie ead Wick bookes burned ead VVic fauorers 284 Londoners take on them the bishops office ead Bones of wick burned after his death ead I. Husse W. Swinderby 285 Articles against Swinderbie 286 Henry 4. first persecuting K. in England 287 Articles against Brute ead Temporalties takē from the Clergie 288 A turncote persecutor 289 Lucifer to the clergie ead Feendes glad at the want of preaching ead Deuil teacheth what should be preached ead Abiurers 290 VVel affected about Leicest ead R. Dexter N. Tayler ead Leicester interdicted ead Matild an anchores of Wic doctrine 291 Margaret Cailie a Nun forsaketh her order ead Penance ead Peter Pateshul ead Londoners zealous 292 The kings wife hath the gospel in English ead Thomas Arundel ead Articles in behalfe of the gospell eadem Multitude of artes not necessary 293 Rithme agaynst the popish priests eadem Fauourers of the gospel ea Pope Boniface the 9. ead The king writeth a christian admonition to the P. 294 Parlements holden against the pope eadem Thomas Arundell proued a traytor 295 The king deposed 296 William Sawtree eadem Obiections against William Sawtree eadem Relapse 297 The māner of disgrading ea The surples of a sexten 298 The time of Henry 4. ead Thomas Badby martir 299 Crocodiles teares ead The statute ex officio 300 Many shrinke from the truth eadem Articles eadem William Thorpe ead Transubstantiatiō inuented by Thomas Aquinas 301 Against swearing on a boke eadem A constant confessor of the truth eadem Iohn Puruey the library of Lollards 302 Articles recanted ead The popes curse the blast of Lucifer eadem
the time of Licinius till Iohn Wickliffe was bound vp Sathan bound vp til Wicliffe Constantine deferred baptisme till his old age because he determined a iourney into Persia and thought in Iordan to haue béene baptized He entered into the Empire Anno 311. and raigned 30. yéeres as Letus saith 32. lacking two moneths Constantine borne in England Helena daughter of king Coilus Constantines mother He was borne in Brytaine His mothers name was Helena daughter of king Coilus He greatly trauelled for the peace of Christians and before hée had conquered Licinius wrote to his subiects inhabiting the East in their fauour He set also peace among the Bishops in the Church who were at dissention and made prouision for ministers and teachers of the people and caused all to be restored vnto the Christians that had béene taken from them in the persecutions Constantine a father of the Church writing to Syluius his chiefe Captaine to that end and commaunded him that in Affrica where he had to doo and where Cecilianus was bishop that Clarkes and ministers should be freed from all manner publike duties burthens He was greatly studious in taking vp causes among the bishops and wrote to that end to diuers as to Miltiades bishop of Rome to Crescēs bishop of Siracusa to Cecilianus bishop of Carthage also to Eusebius for the edifying of new Churches And after he had gathered the Nicene Councell Nicene councell for the vnitie of the Church he writeth to Alexander and Arrius to the same entent He prescribed a certaine prayer for euery one of his souldiers in stead of a brief Catechisme caused them to learne the same Constantine teacheth his souldiers a prayer which is this Wée acknowledge thée onely to be our God we confesse thée onely to be our king we call vpon thée our onely helper by thée we obtaine our victories by thée we vanquish our enemies to thée we attribute whatsoeuer commodities we presently enioy and by thée we hope for good things to come vnto thée we direct all our suits and peticions most humbly beséeching thée to kéepe Constantine our Emperour and his noble children to continew in long life and to giue them victory ouer all their enimies through Christ our Lord. Amen He graunted great immunities to the ministers that they might appeale from the ciuil iudge to their bishop Appeale granted by Constantine whose sētence was of as great value in such cases as if the Emperour himselfe had pronounced it He prouided also maintenance for liberall artes and sciences for the professors Prouision for learning their wiues and children and gaue thē great immunities He wrote also to Eusebius the B. of Nicomedia to procure 50. volumes of parchment wel boūd and cause to be written out of the scripture therein in a legeable hand The scriptures written for the vse of the church such things as were profitable for the instruction of the Church and allowed him two ministers for the businesse Finally he was a father to the Church and enforced himselfe euery way to set forth the Gospel and euery good thing and endeuoured to suppresse the contrary Constantine baptised a little before his death He was baptised at Nicomedia of Eusebius Bishoppe of Nicomedia in the 31. yéere of his raigne a little before his death The end of the ten persecutions The rest of this history concerneth chiefly the affaires of the Church of England and Scotland The rest of this history concerneth chiefly England and Scotland England receiued the Gospel in Tyberius time GIldas affirmeth that Britain receiued the Gospel in the time of Tiberius the Emperor vnder whom Christ suffred and that Ioseph of Arimathea after the dispersiō of the Iews was sent of Philip the apostle out of France into Britain ann 63. And here remained al his time and laid the foundation of the Gospel Easter kept in England after the maner of the East church The Gospel came into Enland from the Cast and not from Rome In the time of Bede almost a thousand yeeres after Christ as he testifieth Easter was kept after the manner of the East Church in the full moone what day of the wéeke soeuer it fell and not on the sunday as we doe now Wherby it may appeare that the preaching of the Gospell came into this land from the East and not from Rome About the yéere 180. King Lucius sonne of Coilus king of Britains which now are called English men hearing of the miracles done by Christians in diuers places K. Lucius the first Christian K. of England Fugatius and Damianus at that time wrote to Eleutherius B. of Rome to receiue of him the Christian faith who sent him therevpon certain preachers Fugatius or by some Faganus and Damianus or Dimianus which conuerted first the king and the people of Britain and baptized them and subuerted the temples and monuments of idolatrie And the 28 Flamines they turned to bishops and thrée Achflamines to thrée Archbishops hauing their seates in thrée head cities London Yorke and Glamorgantia by Wales This king also sent to him for the Romane lawes to frame his people therafter who answered that the lawes of God was to be his direction for lawes and not the Romanes that might be reproued the other being without exception Thus was the Christian faith confirmed in this lande by the meanes of Eleutherius Eleutherius and therein it continued two hundred and sixtéene yeres till the comming of the Pagane Saxons King Lucius raigned 77. yeres and died without issue the yere of our Lord 201. the xiiij yere after his baptisme some say the iiij and some the tenth and was buried at Glocester By reason that the king died without issue the Lande was spoyled and the Romanes inuaded and became sometimes masters When they raigned Gentilisme was aduaunced and when the Britaines the Gospell Albeit no persecution touched the Britaines that is read of Almost all Christianitie destroyed in England before the last persecution of Dioclesian and Maximinianus Herculeus At which time all Christianitie was almost in the whole land destroyed Now the Britanes being greatly distressed and brought to miserie the Archbishop of London called Gnetelinus procured helpe out of lesse Britanie and brought ouer Constantinus the kings brother by whose meanes the state of Religion and Common-wealth was in some quiet all the time of Constantine and the Archbishop till Vortiger cruellie caused his Prince to be slaine and inuaded the Crown Gnetelinus Archb. of London And fearing the other two brethren of Constantine his Prince Aurelius and Vter in litle Britaine he caused aide to be sent for to the Saxons being then Infidels and married him selfe also with Rowen an Infidel the daughter of Hengist Which Hengist depriued him and his people and droue the Britaines out of their Countrey after that the Saxons had slaine of their Nobles two hundred thrée score and eleuen some say foure
Egfretus his sonne who raigned but foure monethes next Egfret succéeded Kenulphus in the kingdom of Mercia who made warre against the Cantuarites and tooke Egbert their king called Wren whom he bound and led prisoner to Mercia but vpon the dedication of a Church which hee builded he released him out of prison Next to Pope Zacharie followed Pope Stephen the second to whom Pipinus the French king to gratifie the Pope gaue to the sea of Rome the princedome of Rauenna the kingdome of the Lombards and manie other great possessions of Italie The donation of Pipine the traitor and murtherer Inuention of Organs with all the cities thereto adioyning vnto the borders of Venice and this is like to the donation which they say was giuen of Constantine To this Pipinus was sent into France the inuention of Organs out of Gréece by Costantine Emperour of Constantinople Anno 757. Next to Stephen the second succéeded Paul the first in the Papacie who thundered against Constantine the emperor of Constantinople for abrogating of images but hee continued constant in his purpose notwithstanding to the end of his life These came to bee Popes Constantinus the seconde a Laie man Pope deposed his eies out and brother to Desiderius the king of Lombardie for the which cause hée was shortly deposed and thrust into a Monasterie hauing his eyes put out In whose steade succeeded Stephen the third who condemned the seuenth Councell of Constantinople for hereticall because in that Councell the woorshipping of Images was condemned Pope striueth for images and contrarily caused them to be worshipped and incensed At this time Charles the great beganne to raigne by whom the Pope caused Desiderius the Lombard king to bee depriued Next vnto Stephen succeeded Hadrianus the first who gaue more veneration to images then any before him writing a booke in commendation and vtilitie of their adoration Images laie mens kalender commaunding them to be taken for lay mens kalenders holding a synode at Rome against Felix and al other that spake against images and as Paul the first before him had made much of the body of Petronella S. Peters daughter So this Hadrian clothed the body of S. Peter all in siluer Cost vpon Images and couered the altar of S. Paul with a pall of gold This Hadrian did confirme the order of Saint Gregories Masse before the order of S. Ambrose for vnto the time 800. Strife for Gregories masse the Liturge of S. Ambrose was more vsed in the Italian Churches but this Bishop burnt the bookes of Ambrose seruice into ashes and threwe into prison many priests that would not consent vnto him Now Eugenius cōming 3. daies after the councell ended perswaded the pope to call the councell againe agréed that both the bookes of Gregory and Ambrose should be laied vpon the altar of Peter and Paule and the Church dores shut and sealed they should all the night giue themselues to prayer that God might giue a token whether were more to be allowed Now on the morning A miracle falsly interpreted they found Gregories masse booke plucked one péece from another and scattered ouer all the Church and onely Ambroses booke open vpon the altar where they had laide it This miracle Pope Adrian did interprete on his owne side side that as the leaues were scattered ouer the Church so should Gregories booke bée vsed through the worlde and Ambrose his book should onely be kept at his owne Church at Mediolanum where hee sometime was Bishop Carolus magnus did confirme his fathers gift and deuotion to the Pope adding moreouer therevnto the Citie and dominion of Venice Histria the Dukedome of Foroiuliense the Dukedome Spoletanū and Beneuentanum and other possessions mo to the patrimonie of saint Peter and the Pope to requite him made him Patricium Romanum and ordeined him onely to be taken for Emperour of Rome Carolus being proclaymed Emperour the Empire was translated from the Grecians to the Frenchmen an 801. The Empire translated to the French A B C Monasteries and continued so 102. yeres or thereabout till the comming of Conradus and his Neuew Otho which were Germās This Charles builded so many Monasteries as there bée letters in the A.B.C. He helde a Councell at Franckforde wherein was condemned the Councell of Nice and Irene for setting vp and worshipping of Images Anno 784. Irene Empresse of the Gréekes through the meanes of Pope Hadrian tooke vp the body of Constantine Emperour of Constantinople Irene the Greeke Empresse a maintainer of Images her owne husbandes father and when she had burned the same she caused the ashes to be cast into the Sea because he disanulled Images Afterward she raigned with her sonne Constantine the sixt sonne to Leo the fourth The cruell Irene who was also excommunicated for taking away Images and being at dissention with him she caused him to be taken and laid in prison and afterward through power of fréends being restored was at the last againe cast into prison The Emp. eies pulled out by his mother and had his eyes pulled out so cruelly that within short space he died After this the Empresse by the counsel of Therasius Bishop of Constantinople held a Counsell at Nicea wherin it was decreed that Images again should be restored to the Church which Charles afterward repealed at Frankford At length shée was deposed by Nicephorus who succeeded her and ended her life in much penurie Monasteries erected and founded in England In the space of 200 yéeres these monasteries following began to be founded in the land Paules Churche at London was founded by Ethelbert King of Kent and Sigebert king of Essex about the yéere 604. The first Crosse Altar was set vp in the North parts in Heuenfield vpon occasion of Oswalde King of Northūberlandes fighting against Cadwall where he in the same place set vp the signe of the Crosse knéeling praying there for victorie an 635. The Church of Winchester was first begun and founded by Kinigilsus king of Mercia hauing nine myles about it And afterwarde finished by his Sonne Kewalcus where Owen of Englishmen was the first Bishop Anno 636. The Church of Lincolne was first founded by Paulinus Bishop an 629. The Church of Westminster began first by a certaine citizen of London through the instigation of Ethelbert king of Kent which before was an Ile full of Thornes anno 614. The common Schooles were first erected at Cambridge Common schooles at Cambridge by Sigebert king of East-angles an 636. The Abbey of Knonisburie buylded by Furceus the Eremite an 637 The Monasterie of Malmsburie by one Meldulsus a Scot an 640. And after enlarged by Agilbert Bishop of Winchester The Abbey of Glocester first buylded by Offricus king of Mercia as Cestrensis saith But as William Malmsburie wryteth by Vlferus and Etheldred brethren to Kineburga Abbesse of the same house in the yere of our Lord 679 The Monasterie of Maylerose
be set on fire that he broke open houses that he dranke to the Diuell that hée neuer crossed himselfe c. For the which causes he was deposed by the consent of the Emperour and the Prelates and Pope Leo placed in his roome But after thorough the harlots of Rome Pope restored by harlots and their great promises hée was restored againe and Leo put out At length about the tenth yéere of this Pope he being found without the citie with another mans wife was so wounded of her husband that within eight dayes after he died Pope killed in adultery After him the Romans elected Pope Benedictus the fift without the consent of the emperor whervppon Otho besieged Rome and set vp Pope Leo againe the eight of that name Which Leo to gratifie him again crowned Otho for Emperor and entituled him Augustus also the power which Carolus magnus gaue to the Cleargy and people of Rome touching the election of the B. of Rome this Leo by a synodall decrée gaue to the Emperour and his successors The election of the Pope giuen to the Emperour by the Pope The Emperour againe restored to the Sea of Rome al such possessions which Carolus magnus tooke from the Lombards and gaue to them After Pope Leo had raigned a yéere and thrée moneths succéeded Pope Iohn the 14. Against whom for holding with the Emperor Petrus the head captain of the citie with two Consuls and twelue Aldermen diuers other nobles gathering their power together laid handes vppon him in the Church of Laterane and clapt the pope in prison eleuen moneths The Pope put in prison Whereof the Emperour hearing sped him to Rome and did execution vpon the offenders and committed Petrus to the Popes arbitrement The cruell reuenge of the Pope whom he caused first to be stript naked then his beard being shauen to be hanged by the haire a whole day together after that to be set vpon an Asse his face turned backward and his handes bounde vnder the Asses tayle to be led through the Citie that done to be scourged with roddes and so banished the citie And thus the holy father loued his enemy according to the rule of the Gospel From this Pope procéeded first the christening of bels The christning of belles 971. After him followed Pope Benedictus the 6 who was in like maner apprehended by Cinthius a captain of Rome and cast in prison where he was strangled The Pope strangled or as some say famished for lacke of meat Then came Pope Donus the 2 after whom Bonifacius the 7. was pope who was constrained to hide himselfe for feare of the Citizens conspiracie séeing no place for his safety tooke the treasure of Saint Peters Church so priuily stole to Constantinople in whose stéed the people set vp Pope Iohn the fiftéenth Not long after Boniface returning againe from Constantinople by his money procured a garrison to take his part by whose meanes Pope Iohn was taken his eies put out and so throwen in prison The popes eies put out he famished in prisō where he was as some say famished some say he was slaine by Feruchus Neither did Boniface liue many daies after but sodainly died whose carkas after his death was drawne by the féete through the stréetes of Rome The dead body of the Pope drawn through the streets the people shriking and exclaiming against him An. 276. Next Pope after him was Benedictus the seuenth by the consent of the Emperour Otho the second and raigned 19. yéeres In the time of this Pope Hugh Cappet the French king tooke Charles the right heire to the crowne by treason of the Bishop of Laon and when he had imprisoned him hée also imprisoned Arnoldus Archbishoppe of Rames and placed in his roome Gilbertus a Necromancer who was Schoolemaister to D. Robert the kings sonne but Pope Benedictus calling a councel at Rhemes restored Arnoldus againe and displaced Gilbertus After Benedictus succéeded in the sea of Rome Pope Iohn the 16. and died the 8. moneth of his papacie next to whom came Iohn the seuentéenth and after him Gregory the fift ann 995. This Gregory called before Bruno was a Germaine borne and therefore more maliced the Cleargie and people of Rome Whervpon Crescentius with the people and cleargy agréeing against the same Gregory set vp pope Iohn the 18. wherevpon Gregory went to Otho the third who vpon his complaint came to Rome tooke in the city of Rome both Crescentius the consul Iohn the pope Which Iohn hauing his eies put out The popes eies put out was after depriued of his life Crescentius the Consul was set vppon a wilde horse hauing his nose and eares cut of Crueltie and so was ledde through the Cittie his face turned to the horse tayle and after hauing his Members cutte off was hanged vpon a Gibbet Pope Gregorie being thus restored to his former state raigned foure yeres in his Papacie although some say but two yeares During which time he assembled a Councell at Rome A Councell at Rome wherein to establish the Empire in his owne coūtrey by the consent and councell of Otho he ordeyned seuen Princes of Germanie to be Electors of the Emperor The seuen Electors of the Empire thrée Bishoppes and thrée Princes the Palatine the Duke of Saxony and the Marques Brandenbourge vnto whome was added the king of Boheme to geue a casting voice if néede so required The Bishoppes were of Magunce of Treuers and of Colone This constitution being first begun in the yere of our Lord nine hundred ninetie seuen was afterward established in Germanie by Otho the Emperor an 1002. Now concerning king Egelred or Elred the sonne of Alfrith He raigned 38. yeres Our English Cronicles report his raigne to be vngracious in the beginning A strāge reign of a king wretched in the middle and hatefull in the end There fell a variance betwixt this king and the Bishop of Rochester so that he made warre against him besieged the Citie till the Bishop offered him an C.l. of golde which he receiued and so departed The Danes in the time of this king did much molest the Lande in so much that the King was gladde to graunt vnto them great summes of money for peace Peace bought for money of the Danes For the assurance of which peace Analeffe the Captaine of the Danes became a Christian and so departed the Countrey About the xi or as some say the ix yere of this kings reign died Dunstan after whome succeeded Ethelgarus or as Iornalensis saith Stilgarus After him Elfricus as sayeth Guilielmus lib. 1. de Pontif. But as Polidorus saith Sirifius After him Elfricus came but after the minde of Williā lib. 1. Siricius But Polidorus saith Aluritius then Elphegus c. About the same time Anno 995. Aldwinus Bishoppe translated the bodie of Saint Cutbert from Chester which first was in a Northerne Iland then
monethes died K. Edw. dieth and was buried in the Monasterie of Westminster which he had greatly augmented and repayred Diuers lawes were before in diuers Countryes of this land vsed as the Law first of Danwallo Molunicius with the lawes of Mercia called Mercinelega then the lawes of West-saxon kings as of Iue Offa Alfrede c. which was called Westsaxonilega The thirde were the lawes of Canutus and of Danes called Danelega Of al these lawes K. Edward compiled one vniuersal and common law K. Edwarde beginneth the coÌ„mon law for all the people through his land which were called King Edwards Lawes so iust and seruing the publike weale of all Estates that the people did long after rebell against their heads to haue the same lawes againe being takeÌ„ froÌ„ them but could not obteine them For though Duke William did sweare to the maintenance of them yet he forsware himselfe and abrogating them brought in much worse more obscure yet was he compelled through the clamor of the people to take some of Edwards Lawes The law at this day Duke W. contrarie to his oath ouerthroweth the lawes but omitted the most part contrarie to his oath at his coronation placing the most of his own lawes in his owne Language to serue his purpose and so they remaine to this day Harold the second sonne of Earle Godwin tooke on him through force and might to succéede Edward notwithstanding his oath to Duke William of Normandie an 1066. wherof he hearing sent Embassadors admonishing him of couenants which Harold refused to performe WhereupoÌ„ D. William prepared to inuade and sent to Rome to Pope AlexaÌ„der touching his title and voiage into England The Pope confirmeth the same and sent vnto him a Banner willing him to beare it in the shippe wherein hee him selfe should sayle So he tooke shipping at the hauen of saint Valeria and landed at Hastings in Sussex From whence he sent a monke to Harold and offered him thrée conditions Conditions of peace offered by D. Wil. to Harold 1 Either to render vnto him possession of the land and so to take it againe of him vnder tribute raigning vnder him 2 Or els to stand to the Popes arbitrement betwéen them 3 Or els to defend his quarrell in his owne person against the Duke without any further bloudshed All which conditions he refused and ioyning battayll with the Normans was shotte into the left eye with an arrowe and died after he had reigned ix moneths and so was he the last that reigned of the Saxons Which reckoning from Hengistus first reigne in Kent was the space of 591. yeres And if it be reckoned from the yeres of the West-saxons Saxons ende after 591. or 560. yeres then it endured the space of 565. yeres Now after Elfegus whom the Danes stoned at Gréenwich Liningus succéeded in the Sea of Canterburie Archb of Canterburie and after him Egelnothus then Robertus a Norman after whoÌ„ Stigandus as they say inuaded the Sea by Simonie being both Archbishop of Canterburie bishop of Winchester and Abbotte of another place Where hee continued a long space till Duke William cast him into prison there kept him placing in his roome Lanfrancus a Lombard borne About the yere of our Lord one thousand lacking one or two Siluester the second succéeded after Gregorie the fift in the Sea of Rome This Siluester was a Sorcerer and compacted with the deuill to be made Pope He sate four yeres one moneth and eight dayes Siiuester couenanteth with the deuil for the popedome He vpon a certaine time demaunded of the deuill an answere how long he should enioy the Popedome to whoÌ„ hée answered againe vntill thou say masse at Ierusalem thou shalt liue At length the fourth yere of his Popedome saying Masse in the Lent time at the temple of the holy crosse being then called Ierusalem there he knew the time was come that he must die whereupon being stroken with repentance he confessed his fault before the people desiring them to cut his bodie in péeces which he before had vowed to the deuil Siluester is deceiued by the deuil and so being heweÌ„ in péeces they would lay it on a cart and burie it there where the horses would stay of their owne accord So the horses stayed at the church of Lateran there he was buried wheras commonly by the ratling of his bones within the tombe The ratling of Syluesters bones is portended the death of Popes as the common report goeth Iohannes Stellas After Siluester succéeded Iohannes 19. by whom was brought in the feast of Alsoules The feast of Alsoules as Volaterane saith Anno 1004. Through the meanes of one Odilo abbot of Cluniake to be celebrated next to the feast of Alsaints Not long after came Iohannes 20. and Sergius the 4. after whom succéeded Benedictus the eight then Iohn 21. who beyng promoted by arte Magicke through Theophilact his Nephew Gratianus Brazutus and other sorcerors brought in first the fast of the éeuen of S. Iohn Baptist and and S. Laurence after him Benedictus the 9. by magick also who resisting the Emperour Henricus the 3. son to Conradus The Popedom solde and placing in his roome Petrus the king of Hungary with this verse Petra dedit Romam Petra dedit c Petro tibi Papa coronam after for feare of Henricus preuailing in battell hee was faine to sel his seate to his successour Gratianus called Gregorius 6. for 1500. pounds At which time were thrée Popes together in Rome one raging against another Benedictus 9. Siluester 3. Gregorius 6. Three Popes together For the which cause Henricus surnamed Niger the Emperour comming to Rome displaced these 3. monsters at one time placing for them Clemens the 2. and therevpon enacted that no Pope thencefoorth should be chosen without confirmation of the Emperour No P. without the Emperor The Romans also made an oath to the Emperor that they would not intermeddle in the election of the Bishoppes further then the Emperors assent should agree withall But within ix moneths after they forgat their oth and poysoned the B. Which fact some impute to Steuen his successor called Damasus the second some to Brazutus who as histories record wtin xiij yeres poisoned 6. popes One poysoneth sixe popes ClemeÌ„s the secoÌ„d Damasus 2 Leo 9 Victor 2 Steph. 9 Nicolaê° 2. Damasus entred neither by consent of the people nor election of the Emperor but by plain inuasioÌ„ and wtin 23. daies being poisoned An. 1049. much contention was at Rome about the papall sea so that the Romanes by consent of the Cardinals desired the Emperour to giue them a Bishop which he did one named Bruno an Almaigne and Bishop of Collen afterward named Leo the ninth who comming from the Emperour to Rome in his Pontificalibus was met of the Abbot of Cluniake and Hildebrande a monke that al to rated him because he would take his authoritie of the Emperour
in one day by the P. did holde that euery day was frée for eating of flesh so it be done soberly Also that they did wickedly which restrayned Ministers from their lawfull wiues For which cause this Pope and his Bishops caused an hundred of them to be burned in one day Nauclerus reporteth that at the same time many were in the Citie of Millan of the said doctrine which vsed to sende Collects vnto the foresaid Saints of Alsatia The Rablement of Religious Orders in the Popish Church AVstinians Ambrosians two sortes 490 Antonians heremites 324 Austines heremites 498 Austines obseruants 490 Armenians sect Ammonites and Moabites Basilius order 384 Benets order 324 Bernardes order 1120 Barefooted friers 1222 Brigets order 1370 Beghart or white Spirites 1399 Brethren of Ierusalem 1103 Brethren of S. Iohn de ciuitate black friers 1220 Brethren of wilful pouertie Cluniacensis order 913 Canons of S. Augustine 7080 Charterhouse order 1086 Cistercian order 1098 Crossebearers or Crossed friers 1216 Carmelites or white friers 1212 Clares order 1225 Celestines order 1297 Camaldulensis order 950 Crostarred brethren Constantino politanish order Crosse-bearers Chapter monkes Duch order 1216 Dominick black friers 1220 Franciscans 1224 Grandmontensis order 1076 Gregorian order 594 Georges order 1407 Guilhelmites 1246 Gerundinesis order Galileans Heremites Helenes brethren Humiliati 1166 Hospitall brethren Holy Ghost order Ieroms order two sorts 1412 Iohns heremites Iustines order 1432 Iohannites or knights of the Rhodes 380 Iniesuati 1308 Ieromes heremites 1365 Iosephs order 490 Iacobites sect Iames brethrens order Iames brethren with the sword Indians order Katherin of Senes order 1455 Keyed mōks K. of the Rhodes Lazarites or Marimagdalins or our Ladies brethren 1034 Lords of Vngarie Minorires which be deuided into Conuentuales Obseruants Reformate Collectane De Capucio De Euangelio Amedes Clarini c. Minorites 1224 Maries seruants 1304 Monks of mount Oliuet 1046 Marouinies sect Monorites sect Monache Monachi Morbonei Merestei Menalaish Iasonish sect New chanons of S. Austin 1430 Nestorini Nalhart brethren New order of our Ladie Nazarei Paules heremites 345 Premonstratensis order 1119 Preachers order or black friers Peter the Apostles order 1009 Purgatorie brethren Rechabites Sarrabites Sambanites 1199 Scourgers the first sect 1266 Souldiers of Iesus Christ 1323 Scopenites or saint Saluators order 1367 Specularii or Glasse order Sepulchres order Shere order Swerds order Starrid monkes Starrid friers Sclauonie order Scourgers the second secte called Niniuites Stoole brethren Scotland brethren order Sicarii S. Sophis order Templars order 1110 Templar knights 1120 The vale of Iosaphats order Vallis Vmbrosae 1400 Waldensis sect Wentzelaus order Wilhelmes order White monkes of mount Oliuet 1406 Zelotes order IN the daies of pope Innocent the 3. began the two sects of Friers one called the Preachers order Dominicks Minorits friers or blacke friers of S. Dominicks the other called the Minorits of S. Francis The Preachers order began of one Dominicke a Spaniard about the partes of Tholouse who after he had laboured 10. yéeres in preaching against the Albingenses afterward comming vp to the Councell with Fulco B. of Tholouse desired the pope to haue his order of preaching cōfirmed which the pope a great while refused till at length thorough a dreame he dreamed he perswadeth the Pope His dreame was that Laterane Church was ready to fall he with his shoulders was faine to hold it wherevpon Dominick had his petitition granted The rule which they folow séemeth to be taken out of S. August Their profession stādeth vpō 3. special point 1. Hauing charity 2 Holding humility 3. Possessing wilful pouerty their habit clothing is blacke The minorities descend from one Francis an Italian of the citie of Assissium who hearing that Christ sent forth his disciples to preach thought to imitate the same in himselfe his disciples and so left of shoes had but one coate The perfection of the Gospel and that of a coorse cloth in stéed of a latchet to his shoe and a girdle tooke a Hempen cord and apparrelled his disciples teaching them as he said the perfection of the Gospel to apprehend pouerty and to walke in the way of holy simplicity He left in wryting to his Disciples and followers his rule which he called the Rule of the Gospell He was very seuere in outward chastising of him selfe so that in Winter he couered his bodie with I se and snowe He called pouertie his Ladie He kept nothing ouer night So desirous he was of martirdome that he went into Siria to the Souldan who receiued him honorablie for he tolde him not the trueth as Iohn Baptist did to Herod Many sectes of Franciscans The Franciscans be deuided into many Sectes some goe in tréene shooes or pattins some barefooted some regular Frāciscās or obseruāts some minors some minimi other of the gospel other de caputio About the same time sprang vp the Crooched friers Crooched friers taking their originall of Innocent the 3. who raised vp an army signed with the crosse on their brest to fight against the Albingenses whom the Pope and his sect accompted for heretiks about the part of Tholouse The Albingenses denied the Popes authoritie and his traditions they were against Images pardons purgatorie and chiefly they were abhorred of the Pope because they set vp a contrary pope against him in the coastes of Burgarorum Of these Albingenses were slaine at times and burned a great multitude by the meanes of the Pope and Simon de monte forti with other more About this season or not not much before died Pope Innocent the third in the 19. yéere of his Popedome to whose custody Fredericus the nephew of Fredericke Barbarossa being yong was committed by the empresse his mother After this Innocent succéeded Honorius 3. and after Honorius when he had gouerned ten yéeres followed Gregorius 9. which popes were in the raigne of Henry 3. About the yéere 1218. Becket 50. yeeres after his death was taken vp and shrined for a new Saint made of an olde rebel Becket shrined after his death to whose shrining came such resort of people of England and France that the countrey of Kent was not sufficient to sustaine them About the yeare 1220. the young king was the seconde time crowned againe at Westminster About which time was begun the new building of our Lady Church at Westminster By reason the Realme through king Iohn was made tributarie to the Pope the exactions vpon all estates from the Sea of Rome especiallie vpon beneficed men Incredible exactions from Rome and such as held any thing of the church were incredible so that certaine of the Nobles assented with the king to make a restraint of such rents and exactions The Pope required by Cardinall Otho of all the churches two prebends one for the bishops part one for the chapter also of the monasteries where be diuerse portions The Popes request in England one for the Abbot another for
the meane time the Christiās with a great many sailed into Egypt took the Citie Heliopolis commonly called Damatia long ago named Pelusinū being in good hope to haue driuē Sultanus the Soldan out of Egypt had a great and marueylous ouerthrow by the conueying of the water of Nylus which then ouerflowed into their Campe and were faine to accorde an vnprofitable truce with the Soldan for certaine yeres and to deliuer the Citie againe Whereupon king Iohn surnamed Brennius King of Ierusalem arriued in Italie and desired helpe of Emperor against his enemies And from thence he went to Rome to the Pope declaring vnto him their calamitie and present perill desiring ayde therein By whose meanes the Emperour as saith Cisnerus was reconciled with the Pope and made friends The Emp. reconciled with the pope To whom also king Iohn gaue Ioell his daughter in mariage which came of the daughter of Conradus king of Ierusalem as right heyre therevnto by her mother by whom also he obtained the kingdomes of Naples and Sicill and promised he would in his owne person with all spéede assay to recouer the kingdome of Ierusalem Honorius that lately was reconciled vnto him Honorius dieth purposed to haue made against him some great and secret attempt but was by death preuented After whom succéeded Gregory the 9. as great an enimy to Fredericke as Honorius Pope Gregory the 9. which Gregory came of the race of him whom the Emperour had condemned of treason The Pope threatneth the Emperour wrought against himselfe This Gregorie was scarcely setled in his papacie when that hee threatned him with excommunication vnlesse he would prepare himselfe into Asia according to his promise vnto king Iohn which was onely the Emperour being absent that he might bring some purposes against him to passe Fazellus a Sicilian writer saith that the chiefest cause of the Emperors stay was for the oath of truce and peace during certaine yeres which was made betwixt the Saracens christians that yet was not expired When K. Iohns daughter of Hierusalem was brought to Rome and the Emperor and the Pope reconciled together to celebrate the marriage The Pope offended with the Emp. for not kissing his foot but his knee Gregorie as the manner was offered his right foote to the Emperor to kisse who stouped not so low but scarce kissed the vpper part of his knée and would not kisse his foote whereat the Pope was greatly offended and purposed to reuenge it as occasion shoulde serue Afterwarde the Emperor prepared himselfe to the iourney against the Saracens and recouerie of Ierusalem but was stayed by sicknes all other things being in a readines Who after he had recouered himselfe procéeded in his iourney and when hee came to the straights of Peloponesus and Creta His disease grew vpon him againe and sodainlie he fell sicke whereof the Pope hearing thundered against him excommunications and curses laying most foule false crimes to his charge In so much that the Emperour was fayne to purge himselfe by his letters vnto the Christian Princes especially of Germanie and the Nobles of the Empire his Ambassadors not being suffered to approach the P. presence But now being recouered of his sicknes he prouided all things necessarie for the warre and came to Ioppa and so vsed the matter that the Saracens graunted his demaunds right profitable for the Christian Common-wealth and a peace was concluded for tenne yeares and confirmed by solemne oath on both sides The iourny against the Sara the forme and condition of which peace was thus First that Frederick should bee crowned K. of Ierusalem Secondly that all the landes and possessions which were situate betwixt Ierusalem The P. false accusation of the Emperor and Ptolemaida and the greatest part of Palestina the Cities of Tirus and Sidon which were in Siria and all other territories which Baldwinus the fourth at any time had and occupied there should be deliuered vnto him onely certaine Castles reserued Thirdly that he might fortifie and builde what Fortresses and Castles he thought good Cities and townes in all Siria and Palestina Fourthly that all Prisoners in Saracens hands should be fréelie set at libertie and againe that the Saracens might haue leaue without armour to come into the Temple where the Sepulchre of the Lorde is to pray and that they should keepe still Cratum and the kings mount These things obteined Frederick desireth the Pope The Emperor craueth the P. fauour that for as much as he had now accomplished his promise neither was there any cause why he should now be offended with him that he might be reconciled and obteyne his fauour In the meane season the Emperor with all his armie marcheth to Ierusalem where vpon Easter day anno 1259. hee was crowned king Onely the Patriarch of Cypres and Oliue the Master or Captaine of the temple repining thereat The Emperor crowned K. of Ierusalem The P practiseth against the Emperor whiles he warreth with the Saracens In the time of the Emperors being in Asia the Pope practiseth against him at home And first caused the Souldiers which the Emperor sent for out of Germanie to the mainteyning of the holye warres to bée stayed passing through Italie and caused them to be spoiled of all such prouision as they had and sent letters into Asia to the Patriarch of Ierusalem and Souldiers that kept the Temple and Hospitall inciting them to rebell against the Emperour And furthermore disswaded the Princes of the Saracens that they should make no league with Frederike neither deliuer vp vnto him the Crowne The P practiseth with the Saracens and Kingdome of Ierusalem Which letters fell into the hands of the Emperour Besides these practises he also excited his father in law Iohn Brennius and the French king to inuade his Dominions which ioyntly they did Thus while the Pope practised in the dominions of Frederike he receiued the letters of his good successe in Asia which greatly vexed his holines so farre of was he from reioysing therat Wherby it may appeare that his desire was to haue the Emperor take that dangerous iourney there to miscarie and perishe But the Pope that hee might haue some pretence blamed the Emperour for that he had suffered the Saracens although without armour and weapon to enter vnto the Sepulchre of Christ A quarrel to the Emperor and had left for them a lodging néere vnto the place The Pope also caused a rumor to be spread of the death of the Emperor to the end he might allure vnto him the fidelitie of those cities in the kingdome of Naples which yet kept their alleagance vnto Frederike of whom they shoulde now hope for no longer refuge The Emp. returneth and winneth towns from the pope in Italy The Emperour now vnderstanding what stirre the P. kept in his Dominions returned with such power successe that he winneth in Italie as many townes as the Pope had euen
the vttermost and wasteth all the countrie about Rome The pope dieth for anger wherewith the Pope was so dismaide that beyng in dispaire to obtaine his purpose hée died for very anger and thought This Gregory brought into the Church much horrible impietie blasphemy wickednes among others brought in that most detestable Canticle Salue Regina brought into the Church Salue Regina in which hée attributeth the honour and worshippe onely due to Iesus Christ vnto the virgin his mother This is hée in whose name the booke of the Decretals The decretals was set out a sinke of folly and impietie Pope Celestine Pope dieth After this Gregory was placed Celestine borne in Mediolanum among the Castellians who as Blondus declared by fained promises offered a league with Fredericke and the 18. day after he was created he died Now Fredericke thinking himselfe void of feare lenieth an army against the Tartarians An army against the Tartarians for the reliefe of the Christians who hearing of the comming of the Emperour returned another way by the riuer Danubius to Tanricia and so through the fennes of Meotida and by the riuer Tanaum into Sarmatia Asiatica After Celestine the cardinals made choyse of Simbaldus a Genouais for pope whom they called Innocentius the 4. Innocentius 4. which election Fredericke was well pleased with as hée signified by letters and Legates gratulatorie to the pope The legats of Frederick with the furtherance of Baldronius Emperour of Constantinople laboured very diligently for conclusion of promised peace but all in vaine for while the Emperours legats attended for answer of peace Ramerus the Cardinall went secretly and tooke Viterbium which was on the Emperours part The Emperour notwithstanding there séemed no hope of peace doubted not but if he might himselfe speake with the Pope he vpon reasonable conditions should well inough accord with him wherefore he desired him by his legats to appoint a place where the Emperour might speake with him The Emperour seeketh peace The Pope will none The Pope séemed to be content therewith but on a sudden went to Lyons and called a councell and with a lowd voice sommoneth Frederick and appointing him a day commaunded him there personally to appeare to pleade his cause The Emperour agréed but required conuenient time to trauaile thether The pope would not so much as graunt 3. dayes but being both iudge and accuser Pope iudge accuser condemneth him before he could come thether without proofe of any crime or his cause suffered to be pleaded But Gods iudgement failed him not for the writers of the annals accord that when Frederick the Emperour and Conradus his sonne were dead and the pope gaping for the inheritance of Naples and Sicil and thinking by force to subdue the same coming to Naples with a great armie of men there was heard manifestly in the Popes court a voice pronouncing these wordes Thou wretch come to receiue thy iudgemēt A voice heard Thou wretch come and receiue thy iudgement And the next day the pope was found dead all blacke and blew as though he had bin beaten with battes When the Emperour had vnderstanding of this cruell sentence he signified the iniurie to all Christian Princes by his letters and prouided euery way to withstand the P. and his confederats and after diuers aduenturs variablenes of thinges The Emp. dieth hee came into a certaine castle of his in Apulia called Florentinum where hee fell sicke of an ague and died Hauing had purpose as Pandolphus Colonuthius writeth of some maruellous exploite great attempt Frederike died willingly and gladly in the yéere 1240. the 13. day of December the 57. yéere of his age and 37. of his raigne and was buried at Panorium The pope counted him an enemie of the Church and so both Innocentius the fourth pronounced him and the same sentence haue other Popes registred in their 6. Booke of decretals and established the same for a law that he ought to bee taken for no lesse In the Countrey of Sueuia about the time of Frederike the second anno 1240. or néere about the same were manie preachers Preachers bold against Pope which preached fréely against the Pope preached that he was an heretike and that his bishops Prelats were Simoniakes and heretikes and that the inferiour priestes had no authoritie to binde and loose but were seducers and that such cities and countries as were then vnder the popes curse might notwithstanding lawfully resort to the receiuing of the sacrament as wel as before Item that Friers Dominick Franciscan did subuert the church with their preaching c. And not long after these rose vp Arnoldus de noua villa Arnoldus de noua villa was condemned a Spaniard a man famously learned a great writer ann 1250. whom the pope condemned amōg heretikes for holding and writing against the corrupt errors of the popish church His teaching was that christiā people are led by the pope into hel Item that cloisterers are voyd of charitie and denyed that masses are not to be celebrated that they ought not to do sacrifice for the dead c. And as this Arnoldus was condemned so likewise the same time Iohannes Seneca Iohannes Seneca appealeth from the pope to a Councell the glosewriter of the popes decrées and prouost of Halberster was excommunicated and depriued of of his prouostship for resisting Pope Clement the fourth gathering certaine exactions in Germanie and therefore hée appealed from the Pope to a generall Councell and had manie great fauourers on his side till at last both the Pope and he died After this folowed Guilielmus de sancto amore G. de sancto amore against the Pope a Master of Paris and a chiefe Ruler then of that Vniuersitie Al testimonies of Scripture that make against Antichrist he applyeth them against the cleargie of Prelates and against the popes spiritualtie The same Guilielmus is thought to be the author of the Booke which is attributed to the Schoole of Paris and intituled De periculis ecclesiae De periculis Ecclesiae where he proueth by thirtie and nine arguments that friers be false Apostles 39. arguments that Friers be false Apostles Hee was by Antichrist and his rablement condemned for an heretike exiled and his bookes burned In the dayes of this Guilielmus there was a most detestable and blasphemous booke set foorth by the Friers mētioned also in Matthias Parisiensis which they called Euangelium aeternum Spiritus sancti Euangelium aeternum spiritus sancti the euerlasting Gospell or the Gospell of the holie Ghost In which booke many abhominable errors of the Papistes were conteyned so that the Gospel of Iesus Christ was vtterly defaced Which sayde booke was not to be compared to this euerlasting Gospel no more then the shell was to be compared to the kernel The shell to the kernell or the darkenesse to light c.
Remen Senoren Narbonen Turonen the Bishops of Landuiren Belnacen Catolacen Antisiodoren Meldimen Nurmen Carnoten Aurelianen Ambiauen Mornen Silanen Andeganen Abricen Constant Ebroicen Lexonicon Sagien Caloromont Lemonicen Auicen Mascicoren c. With Abbots c. This appeale was made the 9. yeare of Bonifaces popedome at Lupara in Paris After these things thus in the Parlement agréed the Prelates of the Cleargie consulting among themselues what was best to be done in so doubtfull a matter and dreading the Popes displeasure for that which was done alredy to cléere themseues in the matter they contriued a letter to the Pope partly to certifie him what there was done and partly to admonish him what he should doe These things thus done anno 1304. about the natiuitie of the Virgin Marie came a garison of harnessed Souldiers well appoynted sent partly by the French king partly by the Cardinals Columpna whom the Pope before had deposed vnto the gates of Auragum where the Pope did hide himselfe The pope hideth himselfe because he was borne in the towne the captaines of which armie was one Schaira brother to the foresaid cardinals and another William de Longareto high steward to the French king who inuading the Popes towne and finding the gates open gaue assault to the Popes Frontier where hée with his Nephew or Marques and foure other Cardinals were immured The townesmen séeing all their strength to be bent against the pope caused the common bell to be rong and so assembling themselues in a common counsell ordeined Adulphus Adulphus one of the chiefest rulers of the towne for their Captaine who vnknowen to them was a great aduersary to the Pope This Adulphus bringing with him Reginaldus de Supina Reginaldus de Supina a great Lorde in Campania and the two sons of Iohn Chitan a noble man whose Father the Pope had then in prison at length ioyned him with the French companie against the Pope and so beset his palace on euery side and first setting vppon the pallaces of the thrée Cardinals which were then chiefe about the Pope The cardinals goods rifeled rifeled and spoyled all their goodes the Cardinals by a backe doore hardly escaped their hands But the popes palace through munition and strength of the Marques was something better defended At length the Pope perceiuing himselfe not able to make his partie good desired truce with Schaira and his company Pope craueth truce which was granted him from one of the clock till nine During which time of truce the Pope sendeth priuily to the Townsmen of Aruagum desiring them to saue his life which if they would doe he promised to enrich them that they should all haue cause neuer to forget The Pope reiected or to repent the benefite bestowed To this they made answere againe excusing themselues that it lay not in their power to doe him any good for that the whole power of the Towne lay with the Captaine Then the pope all destitute desolate sendeth to Schaira beséeching him to draw out in Articles wherein hée had offended him The pope glad to make amends Conditions offered to the Pope and he would make him amendes to the vttermost Schaira maketh answere againe that hée should not escape with life but vpon thrée conditions First to restore againe the two Cardinals of Columpna his brethren whom he had before depriued with all other of their stocke and kinred Secondly that after their restitution hee should renounce his papacie Thirdly his body to remaine in his power and custodie These cōditions the pope would none of The gates of the popes paface fired so that the time of truce expired the captaines and souldiers first fired the gates of the palace whereby the army hauing a full entrance fell to rifle and spoile the house at length they burst in to the pope whom they put to choise either presently to leaue his life or to forgo the popedome But that hée denied stifly to doo rather choosing to die for it saying The pope rather would die then renounce his popedome Lo here my neck lo here my head protesting that he would neuer while hée liued renounce his papacie Then Schaira went about and was ready to slay him but by certaine that were about him hée was stayed the Souldiers in the meane time did lade themselues with gold and treasure that as Robert Auesb. reporteth The pope spoiled of infinite treasure all the Kinges of the earth together were not able to disburse so much out of their treasurie in a whole yéere as then was taken and carried out of the Popes palace and of the palaces of the thrée Cardinals and Marques Thus Boniface bereaued of al his goods remained in their hands thrée daies during the which space they had set him on a wild and vnbroken colt The Pope homely vsed his face turned to the horse tayle causing the horse to runne and course while the Pope almost was breathlesse The pope almost starued moreouer they kept him so without meat that hée was thereby almost famished to death After the three daies the Aruagians with 10000. souldiers slue the kéeper The pope deliuered almost famished burst into prison and deliuered Boniface almost famished whom the people refreshed with vittaile and receiued his blessing From thence he tooke his iourney to Rome beyng accompanied with a great number of harnessed souldiers where shortly after partly for feare which he was in partly for famine partly for sorrow of his inestimable treasure lost Pope dieth Benedict 9. he died After whom succéeded Benedict the 9. of whom these verses are written A re nomen habe Benedic Bene fac Benedicte Aut rem peruerte Maledic Malefac Maledicte Boniface afore mentioned was the Author of the Decretals Decretals About this time in the daies of king Edward Boniface directed a Bull to Iohn Peckham archbishop of Canterburie whom he had placed against the minde of the king and Church of Canterburie as also vnto all other quarters of the Church vniuersall in which was decréed that no Church nor Ecclesiasticall person should hencefoorth yéeld to his king or temporall magistrate eyther any giuing or lending or promising of tribute subsidies or portion whatsoeuer of the goods and possessions vnto him belonging but should be cléerely exempted and discharged of such subiection or tallage Clergy exempt from subsidie to be exacted of thē in the behoofe of the prince and his affaires Not long after the King held his Parlement at Saint Edmunsburie where was graunted vnto him of all Cities and Boroughs an eight and of the commons a twelfth of their goods onely the clergy by reason of the bull stood stout wherevpon the king likewise secludeth them from vnder his protection The clergy out of the kings protection and sauegard of his lawes and because the Archbishop was more stout and an inciter of the rest hée seised vpon his goods and caused an
Towneshippe was condemned in sixe score thousand pound The Towne of Bury fined at 120000. poūd to be paide for damages of the house Iohn Berton Alderman with two and thirtie Priestes thirtéene women and one hundreth thirtie and eight others of the same Towne were outlawed of whom certaine confederated priuilie in the night burst to the Abbot of Chemington The Abbat of Cheuington and tooke him and secretelie conueyed him ouer Sea to Dist in Brabant where they kept him in great penurie and miserie till at length being knowen where he was hee was brought home with procession and restored to his house againe Nich. Trimet Flor. hist After Edward the 2. succéeded his sonne Edward 3. K. Edward 3. about the age of 15. and raigned 50. yéeres An. 1344. The clergy of England graunted to the king a tenth for thrée yéeres for the which the king againe in recompence graunted vnto them his charter A charter from the king to the clergy contayning these priuiledges That no Archbishop or Bishop should be arraigned before his iustices Siue ad sectam suam siue partis If the said clarke doo submit and claime his clergie professing himselfe to be a member of the holy Church who so doing shall not bée bound to come to his answere before the Iustices and if it shall be layd vnto them to haue married two wiues or to haue married a widow the Iustices shall haue no power to procéede against them to inquire for the matter so that the cause shall bée reserued to the spirituall court c. About this age as before God raysed vp learned men who layd open the abuses of the Church as Gregorius Arminensis Gregorius Arminensis according to Trithemius who dissented from the Papistes and Sophisters as wée doo in doctrine of Fréewill counting the Papistes and Sophisters in that point worse then the Pelagians Taulerus Taulerus a preacher of Germany in Argentine taught anno 1350. against mens merites and inuocation of Saints and was an enemy to all superstition to whom may be added Franciscus Petrarcha Franciscus Petrarcha of the same age who calleth Rome the whore of Babilon the mother of errour the Temple of Heresie c. and higher in the yéere one thousand thrée hundred and fortie Iohannes de rupe Scissa Iohannes de rupe Scissa was cast in pryson for rebuking the Spiritualtie of their great enormities hée called the Church of Rome the whore of Babylon Rome the whore of Babilon and the Pope the minister of Antichrist and the Cardinals false Prophetes beyng in pryson hée wrote a booke of prophestes touching the affliction that honge ouer the heades of the Spiritualtie calling his Booke Vade mecum in tribulatione Vade mecum in tribulatione About the yéere 1340. in the citie of Herbipone was one named Maister Conradus Hager M. Conradus Hager who is recorded to haue maintained and taught the space of foure and twentie yéeres the Masse to be no manner of Sacrifice for which his doctrine hée was taken and inclosed in pryson Not long after this about the yéere 1350. Gerhardus Rhiddor Gerhardus Rhiddor wrot against the Monkes and Friers a booke intituled Lachrima Ecclesiae Lachryma Ecclesiae About the yéere 1322. liued Michaell Cesenas Michael Cefenas principall of the Grayfriers and Petrus de Corbana of whom writeth Antonius in quarta parte summae and saith they were condemned in the extrauagant of Pope Iohn with one Iohannes de Poliaco Iohannes de Poliaco Their opinions were that Peter was no more the head of the Church then the other Apostles that the Pope hath no authoritie to depose Emperours that Priests are equall in authoritie Michaell wrote against the pryde tyrannie and primacie of the Pope accusing him to be Antichrist and the Church of Rome the whore of Babylon drunken with the bloud of Saints Rome Babylon drunken with the blood of the Saints c. For this cause hée was depriued of his dignitie and condemned of the Pope hée left behind him many followers of whom a great parte were slayne by the pope some were burned as Iohannes de Castilion Iohannes de Castilion and Franciscus de Alcatara Franciscus de Alcatara In extrauag Iohannis 23. With the foresaid Michaell was also condemned Iohannes de Poliaco whose assertions were that euery Pastor in his owne Church ought to suffice to heare confession that pastors and bishops had their authoritie immediatly from Christ and his Apostles and not from the Pope c. After Simon Mepham Archbishop of Canterburie who liued not long succéeded Iohn Stretford after whome came Iohn Offord and liued but ten moneths in whose roome succéeded Thomas and raigned but one yéere Anno 1350. and after him succéeded Simō Iselip Simon Iselip which was made by Pope Clement 6. who sat seuentéene yéeres and builded Canterbury Colledge in Oxforde Canterbury Colledge in Oxford which Simon Iselip succéeded the Bishoppe of Ely named Simon Langham who within two yéeres was made Cardinall In whose steade Pope Vrban the 5. ordeyned William Witlesey Bishop of Worcester to be archbishop of Canterbury ann 1366. In which yéere William Bishoppe of Winchester The new Colledge in Oxford founded the new Colledge in Oxford In the order of Popes next vnto Clement the sixt ann 1353. succéeded pope Innocent the sixt In the first yéere of which Pope two Friers Minors or Franciscans P. Innocent 6. were put to death at Auinion for certaine opinions that séemed to the Pope and his Cardinals erroneous whose names were one Iohannes Rochetailada or Hayabalus who béeyng a Frier minorite beganne first in time of Pope Clement the sixt Anno 1345. to preach that the Church of Rome was the whore of Babylon Rome the whore of Babylon and the Pope with his Cardinalles to be very Antichrist c. In the meane time of his accusation it happened that a certaine priest comming before the Pope cast the Popes bull downe before his féete saying Loe heere take the Bull vnto you for it doeth me no good at all I haue laboured nowe these thrée yéeres with it and yet cannot get my right The pope hearing this caused the poore Priest to bée scourged and imprisoned with the Frier Of Fryer Rachetailada Froyssard maketh mention in his first volume chap. 211. and sayth that Pope Innocent the sixt helde him in prison in the Castle of Baignour for shewing that manie thinges shoulde fall on the Prelates of the Churche for greate superfluitie and pride then vsed amongest them About the same time happened a contention betwéene the Frenche Prelates and the Friers of Paris Contention betwixt the French prelates and the Friers because they preached and hearde Confessions and after much adoo in fine the matter comming vnto open disputation it was concluded by maister Giles one of the Augustine Friers that after his iudgement the Prelates were more on the
Popes letters 18. hereticall opinions against Wickliffe that were held for erroneous were about 18. as first none hath power but Christ to ordaine that Peter and all his ofspring should politikely rule ouer the world for euer 2. God cannot giue to any man for him and his heires any ciuill dominion for euer All writings of men as touching perpetuall inheritance are impossible 4. Euery man being in grace iustifying hath right ouer all the good thinges of God 5. A man cannot but onely ministratoriously giue any temporall or continuall gift either to his naturall sonne or to his sonne by adoption 6. The temporall Lordes may lawfully take away the riches from the church when they do offend habitualiter 7. The Pope cannot any way make able or disable any man 8. A man cannot take hurt by excommunication except he be principally excommunicate by him selfe 6 No man ought but in Gods cause to procéed to any ecclesiastical censure 10. An excommunication doth onely binde when it is against the aduersary of Gods law 11. Ther is no power giuen to excommunicate any subiect for denying any temporalites 12. The Disciples of Christ haue no power to exact by any ciuill authoritie temporalities by censures 13. It is not possible by reason of the absolute power of God that any can bind or lose the people or whatsoeuer christian he be 14. The vicar of Christ doth onely binde and loose when he worketh conformably by the ordinaunce of Christ 15. any priest duly ordained hath power to minister the sacramentes and consequently absolue any man confessing his faultes being penitent for the same 16. Agréeth with the 6. 17. Whosoeuer haue endued any church with temporalities it is lawful for them to take them away by way of medicine for to auoide sinne notwithstanding any excommunication c. For as much as they are not giuen but vnder a condition 18. The Bishoppe of Rome or any Ecclesiasticall minister may lawfully bée rebuked of his subiects and for the profite of the Church bée accused eyther of the Cleargy or of the Laitie These letters made the Bishops maruellous bolde and bragge but God by a small occasion did lightly ouerthrow their deuises for the day of examination being come a certaine personage of the Princes Court of no great noble byrth named Lewis Clifford entring in among the Bishoppes commanded them that they should not procéede in any definitiue sentence against Iohn Wickliffe By which wordes they were amazed and durst not procéede and thus escaped Wickliffe the second time Wickliffe escapeth the second time and was by them cléerely dismissed with a certaine declaration made of his articles and protestation that hée woulde while hée liued mainteyne the lawe of Christ and if through ignoraunce c. Iohn Wickliffe was greately supported by the Londoners Wickliffe greatly supported by the Londoners by whose meanes hée escaped the handes of the Bishoppes the second time and procéeded publishing and preaching the trueth whom also it greatly helped because in the same yéere or the next following Gregorie the Pope dyed Pope Gregory dieth After whom ensued such schisme betwixt two Popes that it continued in the Church nine and thirty yéeres till the time of the councell of Constance A schisme betwixt 2. Popes 39. yeere the occasion of which schisme was through the pride of Vrban the sixt From whome about the same cause of his Cardinalles the most part and other Princes shronke and set vp another French Pope against him named Clement Clement who raigned eleuen yéeres and after him Benedictus 13. Benedict 13 that raigned sixe and twentie yéeres Again of the contrary side after Vrbanus 6. succéeded Boniface 9. Innocentius 8. Gregorius 12. Boniface 9. Innocent 8. Gregory 12. Alexander 5. Iohn 13. in this order Vrban 6. eleuen yéeres and eight moneths Boniface 9.14 yéeres 9. moneths Popes and Antipopes Antipopes Clement 11. yéers Benedictus the 13. 26. yéeres Pope Innocentius the 8. two yéeres Gregorius the 12. two yéeres 7. moneths Alexander 5. 11. moneths Iohannes 13. fiue yeres tenne moneths In which miserable schisme fell out many horrible tragedies as sheding of bloud imprisonment of priests Crueltie among the clergie during the Schisme murthering of Otho Duke of Brunswike Prince of Tarentū Ioan Quéene of Ierusalem and Sicilia his wife strangled in prison racking of Cardinals on gibets to death the beheading of fiue Cardinals together after long torments the slaughter of fiftie thousand slaine in battaile on both sides with a number of other cruelties practised among them which Theodorick Niem who was present at P. Vrbanus death doeth most largely discourse About thrée yeres after there fell a dissention betwéene the nobilitie and commons of the land in which tumult the rude people tooke and beheaded Simon Sudburie S. Sudburie beheaded by the rude people Archb. of Canterburie In whose place succéeded William Courtney who was very diligent in rooting out Heretikes notwithstanding in the meane season Wickliffes parte increased priuilie and dayly grew to great force vntill the time that William Barton Vicechancellor of the Vniuersitie of Oxford about the yere 1380. had the whole rule of that Vniuersitie who calling together eight Monastical Doctors with foure other and the rest of his affinitie W. Barton Vicechanceler of Oxford enemie to Wickliff putting the common seale of the Vniuersitie to a certaine writing set foorth an Edict declaring vnto euery man and threatning them vnder gréeuous penalty that no man should be so hardie hereafter as to associate themselues with any of Wickliffes sauourers and vnto Wickliffe himselfe he threateneth the greatest excommunication and further imprisonment and to all his fautors vnlesse that they after thrée dayes canonicall admonition did repent and amend Which thing when Wickliffe vnderstoode forsaking the Pope and all his Cleargie he thought to appeale vnto the Kinges Maiestie But the Duke of Lancaster forbad him that and counselled him to submitte himself to the censure and iudgement of his Ordinarie whereto he granted and made such qualifying of his assertions that he did mitigate the rigour of his enemies Wickliffe mittigateth his enemies The next yeare after 1382. by the commaundement of William Archb. of Canterbury there was a cōuocation holden at London where Iohn Wickliffe was commaunded to be present but whether he appeared personally or not it is not in stories certainly recorded In which councell Wickliffes articles were some of them condemned for heretical and other for erronious The articles condemned for hereticall are these Articles of Wickl condemned 1 There is no transubstantiation after the wordes of conconsecration 2. The accidentes remaine not without the substaunce after the wordes 3. Christ is not corporally present in the Sacrament 4. If a B. or Priest be in deadly sinne he can not order consecrate or baptize which article seemeth to be falsly taken 5 A man truly penitent needeth not outwardly to be confessed 6. Christ did not
de quaestionibus variis contra Clerū c. had knowledge of the doctrine of VVickliffe A certaine noble man in the Vniuersity of Boheme had founded and buylded a great Church of S. Matthias Matheus which Church was called Bethelem geuing vnto it great lands and finding in it two preachers euery day to preach both holy day and working day to the people Of the which Preachers Iohn Husse I. Husse was one who hauing familiaritie with the young noble man that had béene student in Oxford tooke such pleasure in reading the bookes of Wickliffe and such profite that hee began to defende the author both in Schooles and Sermons Anno 1389. VVilliam Swinderbie VV. Swinderb 1389 Priest was accused of certaine false poyntes vntruely obiected against him The denouncers were Frier Frisbie obseruant Fryer Hinclie Augustine and Thomas Baxton Dominican Now although he neuer preached or mainteyned the articles obiected against him yet the Friers with their witnesses standing forth declared him to be conuicte bringing also drie wood with them to the towne to burne him and would not leaue him before he had made them promise and sworne vnto them for feare neuer to holde them and that he should goe to certaine Churches and reuoke the opinions which he neuer affirmed as that men may aske their debtes by charitie but it is not lawfull to imprison any mā for the same That a childe is not truely baptized if the priest the baptizeth him or his Godfather or godmother be in deadlie sinne c. Which penance he did according to their iniunctions After this was done in the dioces of Lincolne W. Swinderbie remoued into Hertfordshire Articles against S. where hee was much more vexed by the Friers and by Iohn Tresuant Bishop of Hereford The articles which before were obiected anno 1391. at the church of Bodenham in the same Dioces were these 1 There is no Transubstantiation 2 That the accidents cannot be without the subiect and that there remayneth materiall bread 3 That all Priestes are of like power in all things 4 That auricular confession is superfluous 5 That inferiour priestes haue power of binding and losing onely and immediatly from Christ 6 That the Pope cannot graunt yerelie pardons c. Whereof diuers were falslie laide to his charge as he in his answere did declare In which answere he denied those that were absurd and the other he protested he would mainteine till such time as he were by the word of God other wise infourmed This answere he should séeme to haue sent in writing himself not daring to appeare being cited foure sundrie times Where upon he was condemned for an heretike and his articles answeres for heretical From which sentence he appealed to the K and his Councel alleadging reasons for the same Bycause the Kings court is aboue the Bishops because the matter is of death and the Bishoppes sayd hée will say Nobis non licet interficere quemquam It is not lawfull for vs to kill any man c. what after became of him it can not certainely bée affirmed whether hée escaped their handes or died in pryson or was burned but it remaineth out of doubt that during the time of king Richard 2. no hurt was doone him which was in the yeere 1401. At what time the king being wrōgfully deposed Henry the 4. inuaded the kingdome In the beginning of whose raigne was holden a parlement at London wherein Wickliffes bookes doctrine maintainers were condemned his fauourers iudged to be apprehended and except they recanted to bee deliuered to the secular power Henry the 4. the first persecuting king in England whervpon a certaine priest is said to haue bin burned in Smithfield for the testimonie of the trueth which might be William Swinderby aforesaid Next vnto William Swinderby his companion Walter Brute Walter Brute was apprehended for the testimony of the trueth Hée was a Laye man and a Graduate of Oxforde the chiefe cause that stirred vp the zeale of this man seemeth to haue bin the impudent pardons indulgences of P. Vrban graunted to Henry Spencer B. of Norwich to fight against pope Clement and the wrongfull condemnation of the articles and conclusions of W. Swinderby The articles laide out against him were that he had taught against the reall presence of the Sacrament That he inueighed against the croysing to fight against Clement and that he aduouched the P. to be antichrist a seducer of the people That he aduouched VV. Swinderbies articles Articles against Brute and answeres to be good Which articles also they ministred and laid to his charge in the chamber of the Bishop of Hereford at his Mannour of Whitborne then being present M. Rainold of wolstan chanon of Hertford sir Philip Dilester person of the church of Blanniorim c. To the obiections and articles Brute did cause an answere to be deliuered to the Bishop which because it séemed to him too obscure short required him to write vpon the same matters againe more at large wherevpon M. Walter declareth his minde more amply of the same matters and confuteth the Popes vsurpation Pope Antichrist and proueth him very copiously to be Antichrist Disputeth against the necessitie of tithes against auricular confession and the Popes absolution and pardons against iustification by workes and the reall presence that Christes body is not left for a sacrifice but a Sacrament against exercising of Priests selling of prayers holy water purgatorie selling of pardons of orders of hallowings discipline and fraternitie c. that the citie of Rome was Babilon against Images Against all these things he most pithily learnedly treated and in the ende of his declaration he prophecieth that the temporalties shold be taken from the cleargie The temporalty taken from the Cleargy for the multitude of their sinnes After that this declaration was exhibited by Walter Brute vnto the Bishoppe of Hereford he further appointed him the third day of October at Hereford with the continuaunce of the daies following to heare his opinion Which third day being Friday anno 1393. Walter Brute appeareth before him sitting in commission in the Cathedrall Church of Hereford at sixe of the clocke or thereabouts hauing assistance in the same place diuers Prelates abbots c. Among whom was N. Herford In which assemblie VValter submitted himselfe vnto them after they had continued Friday Saterday and Sunday in their informations and examinations against him so as for that time it is like he escaped what afterwards befel vnto him it is not certaine Out of the declarations and writings of VV. Brute the B. with the monkes and doctors did draw out certaine articles to the number of seuen and thirtie which they sent to the Vniuersity of Cambridge to be confuted vnto two learned men Master Colwel and Master Newton bachelers of diuinitie which they to their skill did take in hand Certaine writings are found in the same register adioined to the
but hée giueth full remission of all manner of sinnes whatsoeuer to all them that would bestow any thing to the Monastery of S. Bartholmew by Smithfield resorting to the said Church any of these daies following On maundy thursday goodfriday the feast of the Annunciation from the first ensuing to the latter But within the same yéere hée died and after him succéeded Iohn 23. Pope Iohn 23. In the time of Alexander great trouble grew in Bohemia by reason of the bookes of Iohn Wickliffe which were embraced of diuerse but specially of Iohn Husse Iohn Husse by whose means the people began to grow to great knowledge wherof complaint was made to Alexander 5. that caused by by Iohn Husse to be cited vp to Rome when he came not directed his letters to the archb Swinco charging him to forbid that way condemne such as he should apprehend for heretikes except they would recant Against which Bull Husse obiected many things shewed how it stood against the word of God An appeale to the same better aduised and therefore saith he from this mandate of pope Alexander I doo appeale to the said Alexander being better aduised And so as he was prosecuting his appeale immediatly Alexander died Then Swinco when he saw that Iohn Husse contemned the bull and had no hope in Vinceslaus the king of redresse he wēt to complaine to Sigismund king of Hungary and brother to Vinceslaus with whom after hée had spoken immediatly he died for sorrow By reason of whose death the Gospell tooke roote among the Bohemians Pope Iohn 23. bendeth all his power against the Bohemiās which held not long for Iohn the 23. bent all his might against the Bohemians About the yéere 1412. Thomas Arūdell brought into England the tolling of Auies in honor of our lady with certaine Auies to bee saide The tolling o Auies and daies of pardon to bee giuen for the same and for the ratifying hereof he directeth his mandate to the B. of London He graunted to euery one that shoulde say the Lords praier and salutation of the Angel fiue times at the morning peale with a deuout mind totiens quotiens 40. daies of pardon for saying Auies how oft soeuer 40. daies of pardon This Archb. was so proud that because the bels of London did not ring at his comming to the citie Bels steeple organs suspended by a proud Bishop he suspended both belles stéeple and organs til the ministers of such churches might attaine to the benefite of grace and mercie For this cause of ringing belles debate also fel betwéene the B. of Worcester and Pryor of the towne insomuch that the Archb. was saine to take vp the matter betwixt them such was the pompe and pride of Prelates in those daies Not vnlike was the dealing of William Courtney Predecessour to Arundell who because certaine poore men did not bring litter for his horse in cartes but in sackes did call and cite them before him sitting in his tribunal seate Pro littera A contention pro littera for litter that is for litter after his owne Latine and after their submission enioyned them penance that they going leisurely before procession Penance for bringing litter in sacks not in Carts euery one of them should carry openly his sacke or bagge stuffed with hay and straw so that the hay and straw might appeare hanging out of the mouths of the sacks being open the names of the poore men were Hugh Pennie Iohn Forestall Iohn Boy Iohn Wanderton William Hayward and Iohn White tenaunts to the Lorde of Wingham In this kings time diuers actes were established against the authoritie of the Pope and excesse of his Cleargy In the first yéere it was obiected against Richard 2. that he procured letters Apostolicall from the Pope to confirme certaine statutes of his which seemed to the Parlement to tend to the disgrace of the crowne and dignity and against the liberties of the land In the 2. yéere it was required in the Parlement that all such persons as should be arrested by force of the statute made against the Lollards in the 2. yeere of king Henry the the fourth may bée bayled and fréely make their purgation In the eight yéere it was propounded that none shoulde sue to the Church of Rome for anie Benefice collation or presentation of the same vnder paine of the statute of Prouisoes made in the 13. yéere of Richard the 2. whereunto the king graunted Item in the same parlement it was put vp in petition that the King might enioy halfe of the profites of anye Parsons benefice not resident thereon wherevnto the king answered that Ordinaries shoulde doe their dueties therein or els he woulde prouide further remedy or staye their pluralities The 9. yéere of the kings raigne the commons required the king that none presented be receiued by any ordinarie to haue any benefice of any incumbent for any cause of priuation or inhabitation wherof the processe is not foūded vpon Citation made within the realme and also that such incumbents may remaine in all their benefices vntil it be proued by due inquest in the court of the K that the citations whervpon such priuations inhabitations are granted were made within the realme if such ordinaries do or haue presented or others doe present to the contrary that thē they and their procurators c. incurre the pain conteined in the statute made against prouisoes ann 13. Richard 2. Also that no Popes collectour shoulde from thenceforth leuie any money within the realme for first fruits of any ecclesiastical dignitie vnder paine of incurring the statute of prouisoes A bill in Parlement to take the temporalties from the Cleargy Besides in the same parlement the commons of the land put vp a bill vnto the king to take the temporalties out of the spiritual mens hand The effect of the bill was that the temporalties disorderly wasted by men of the Church might suffice to finde the king fiftéene Earles fiftéene hundred knights sixe thousand two hundred Squires and an hundred houses of almes more then were in those dayes in the land And ouer all these charges the K. might put yerelie in his Cofers 20000. l. Prouided that euery Earle should haue of yerelie rent 3000. markes euery knight 100 markes and foure Plow land euery Squire 40. markes by the yere with two plow land and euery almes house with ouersight of two true Seculars to euerie house and also with prouision that euerie Township should kéepe al poore people Towne-dwellers which might not labor for their liuing with condition that if mo fell in a towne than it was able to mainteine the said almes houses to reléeue such townes And to beare these charges they alledged by their bill that the Temporalties being in the possession of Spiritual men amounted to thrée hundred and two and twentie thousande markes by the yere whereof they affirmed to be in the sea
Doctors answered againe with a long and tedious processe the scope whereof principally tended to the defence of the principality of the pope Thus then maister Ioh. Husse being driuē out of Prage and moreouer being excommunicated that no masse might be said where he was present the people began mightely to grudge and crie out against the Prelates laying great and horrible vices to their charges The K. seing the inclination of the people The people against the Prelates being also not ignorant of the vices of the cleargie began to require great exactions of such as were knowen to be wicked liuers Whereupon such as fauoured Iohn Husse begā to accuse many In so much that by this meanes None controleth Husse Husse began to take vnto him more libertie and to preach in his church at Bethlehem and none to controll him Now Steuen Paletz and Andreas de Broda chiefe doers against Husse wrote vnto him sharpe and cruell letters The Pope also writeth letters to Vinceslaus the King for suppressing of Iohn Husse and his doctrine which was in the last yéere of his Popedome An. 1414. This yéere Sigismund the Emperour and Pope Iohn 23. Councell of Constance To pacifie the Schisme of three Popes called a sinod for the pacifying of the Schisme at Constance which was betwéene the thrée popes The first wherof was Iohn whom the Italians set vp the second Gregory whom the Frenchmen set vp the third Benedict whom the Spaniards placed This councell endured foure yéeres and had in it 45. A Councell that lasteth foure yeeres and had 45. Sessions Sessions In this councell all the matters were decided chiefly by foure nations English Germaine French and Italian out of which foure nations were appointed and chosen foure presidents to iudge and determine all matters of the Councelles the names of which foure were these Iohn the patriarch of Antioch for France Anthonie Archb of Rygen for Italy Nicholas Archb. of Genesuensis for Germany and Nicholas Bishop of Bath for England In this Councel nothing was decréed worthy of memorie but this onely that the Popes authority is vnder the Councell The Councell ought to iudge the Pope and that the councel ought to iudge the Pope and as touching the Communion in both kindes although the Councell did not denie it yet by the same Counsell it was decréed to the contrarie In this Councell Iohn did resigne his Papacie for the quiet of the schisme and the Emperor geuing him thanks kissed his féete Afterward the same Iohn repenting him that he had so done sought meanes to flie whereunto Frederike Duke of Austrich did assist him and when hee was nowe comming to Schafezonse P. repenteth of wel doing to goe into Italie the Emperour pursuing tooke him and proclaymed Frederike traytor and for that cause tooke away Cities from him but was at last reconciled againe The Pope being thus deposed was committed vnto the County Palantine and by him caried to the castle of Manheim where hée was kept prisoner by the space of 3. yéeres and afterward he was againe by Pope Martin admitted to the number of the Cardinals This pope Iohn was deposed by the decrée of the councel more then 40. most grieuous crimes proued against him 40. articles against Pope Iohn as that he had hired Marsilius Parmensis a physicion to poison Alexander his predecessor that he was an heretike a simoniake a lier an hipocrite a murtherer an inchanter a dice-player an adulterer a sodomite finally what crime was it wherewith he was not infected c. In the 14. Session came in the resignatiō of P. Gregory 12. The 37. Session did publish definitiue sentence against the 3. pope Benedict in the 39. they procéeded to elect a new pope on S. Martins éeuen they chose one Pope Martin therfore named him Martin who according to the custome was honorably brought by the Councell and the Emper. into the church of Constance vnto the monastery of S. Austine to be crowned The Emperor leadeth the popes horse the Emp. on foot leading his horse by the bridle on the right hand the marques of Brandēburgh prince elector also leading his horse on the left hand the P. himselfe riding in the midst on his palfrey The Councell being dissolued a cardinall was sent by the P. named Anthony to declare his Indulgēce vnto them who granted to euery point in that coūcel ful absolution once in their life so that euery one within 2. moneths after the hearing of this Indulgence should procure the same in forme of writing Also an other Indulgēce was graunted of full remission at the houre of death that was aswel vnderstood of the houshold as the Maisters thēselues but vnder this condition that from the time of notification of the same The popes Indulgence they should fast euery Friday for the space of one whole yéere for absolutiō in their life time And for absolution in the howre of death that they should fast an other yéere in like sort except some lawfull impediment so that after the second yéere they should fast out their liues end or els do some other good worke This beyng proclaimed the Synode brake vp and euery man departed 3940. Prelats at the Councell The nūber of prelates at this councell was 3940. wherof the number of B. Archb. was 346. Abbots doctors 564. Secular mē princes dukes erles knights esquires 16000. Common women belonging to the councell Common women belonging to the councell 450. 450. Barbers 600. Minstrels cookes iesters 329. So that the whole multitude which were viewed to be in the towne of Constance betwéene Easter Whitsontide where nūbred to be 60500. Now although this councell was thought principally to be called to appease the schisme yet a great part of the cause was the Bohemians and especially for Iohn Husse For before the Councell began the Emperour Sigismund sent certaine gentlemen Bohemians which were of his owne houshold giuing them in charge to bring Iohn Husse bacheler of Diuinitie to the Councell and that vnder his safeconduct to the entent he should purge himselfe of that which they had to lay against him Iohn Husse trusting vpon the Emperours safecōduct sent word to the Emperour that he would come to the Councell and with all caused certaine bils to be written in Latine Bohemian and Almaine language that if any one had to obiect ought against him hée should come to the councell and there he would answere him The same time also Iohn Husse sent his Procurators to the lord Bishop of Nazareth ordained by the Apostolicke sea inquisitour of heresie in the cities and dioces of Prage requiring that if he found any errour in him he would declare it openly The Bishop giueth good testimony of Husse But the Bishop gaue good testimonie of Iohn Husse and signified the same by his letters Iohn Husse also required of the Archbishop of Prage that if he knew any errour
contrary wil mainteyn defend the law of our Lord Iesu Christ and the deuout hūble and constant preachers thereof euen to the shedding of our blood dated at Sternberg ann 1415. c. Round about the same letters were 54 seales hāging and the names of them whose seales they were 54. seales to the letter subscribed An. 1414. by Henry Chichley Archb. of Cāterbury much was the affliction and trouble of good men here in England which cruelty Iohn Claydon Iohn Claydon currier of London Richard Turming Rich. Turming first tasted of The 17. day of August an 1415. Iohn Claydon did personally appeare arrested by the mayor of London for suspition of heresie before Henry Chichley Archbishop of Canterbury in Paules Church who being demaunded Constancy denied it not but frankly confessed that for 20. yéeres space he had bin suspected therof for which also he had suffered 2. yéeres imprisonment at Conuey thrée yéeres in the Fléete out of which prison he in the raigne of king Henrie the fourth was brought before L. Iohn Scarle then Chancelour to the king and there did abiure all heresie and errour And being demanded of the Archbishop confessed that since his abiuration he had in his house written English bookes of religion and had frequented the company of diuers godly mē Which confession being made the Archb. did command the bookes to be deliuered to maister Robert Gilbert Doctor of diuinity William Lindwood Doct. of both lawes and other Clearkes to bee examined And in the meane time Dauid Beare Alexander Phillip and Balthasar Mero were taken for witnesses against him and were committed to bee examined to maister Iohn Escourt general examiner of Cāterbury This done the Archb. continued his session til munday next in the same place which was the 20. day of the same moneth and maister Escourt publikely exhibited the witnesses which being read there were after that read diuers tractations found in his house out of which especially out of a booke called the Lantern of light The Lanterne of light that Claidon at his owne costs caused to be written by one called Ioh. Grime being examined diuers points were gathered and noted for heresie Articles First that the Pope was Antichrist and the enimy that sowed tares among the lawes of Christ That the Archbishops and Bishops speaking indifferently are the seats of the Beast Antichrist That the Bishoppes license for a man to preach the worde of God is the Character of the Beast That the Court of Rome is the head of Antichrist and the Bishoppes the bodie That no reprobate is a member of the Church That Christ did neuer plant priuate religions That the materiall Churche shoulde not bée decked with golde The causes of persecution That Priestes vnlawfully kéeping temporall goodes and vnsatiable begging of Friers were the twoo chiefe causes of the persecution of Christians That almes were to be giuen to the honour of GOD onely of goodes iustly gotten to bée giuen to one that is in charitie and to those that haue néede That often singing in the Church is not founded on the scripture That bread and wine remaine in the Sacrament That all Ecclesiasticall suffrages doe profite all godly persons indifferently That the Popes Indulgences bee vnprofitable That the Laytie is not bound to obey the prelates in what so euer they command except the prelates doe watch to geue God a iust accompt of their soules That Images are not to bée sought to by pilgrimages For these articles the archb with the rest did condemne and burne I. Claydons bookes and procéeded to a definitiue sentence of condemnation against him and shortly after hée was had to Smithfield where méekly he was made a burnt offering vnto the Lord an 1415. R. Fabian addeth that Richard Turning Baker was the same time also burned in Smithfield The next yere 1416. the archb of Canterburie in his Conuocation holden at London maketh sharper constitutitions then were before Sharper constitutions then before against the Lollards During the time of which Conuocation two priestes noted for Heretikes were brought before the Bishops the one Iohn Barton and the other Robert Chappel Iohn Barton Robert Chappell Barton because he had béene excommunicated and so stoode 6. or 7. yeres before vpon articles of religion yet sought no reconciliation which being proued against him he was committed to Philip B. of Lincoln to be kept in prison til otherwise it were determined R. Chappel otherwise Holbech sometime chaplen to the L. Cobham because he being vnder excōmunication 3. or 4. yeres did yet in contēpt of the keyes continue saying masse preaching sought no reconciliation So the session brake vp for the time which was about the end of May 1416. The 12. of Iulie next following Chappel submitteth Chappel appeared againe and submitting himselfe with much a doe receiued pardon and was in stead of penance enioyned certayne articles to publish at Paules Crosse As Articles enioyned Chappel that Prelates might lawfullie holde Temporall Lawes That it were vniust and vnlawfull for temporall men vpon any occasion to take away the Prelates temporalties notwithstanding the abuses of them That peregrinations are auaileable to the remission of sinnes That to worship Images doth profite Christians That auricular confession is necessarie That though a priest be in mortall sinne yet may he make the body of Christ That Priestes ought not to preach without the Bishoppes licence That priuate religions are profitable to the vniuersall Church That hee woulde promise and sweare neuer to holde any thing against the premisses Diuers caused to abiure After the setting out of the constitutions of H. Chichesly Archb. of Canterburie diuers godly men were sore vexed and caused outwardly to abiure as Iohn Tayler of the parish of S. Maries at Querne William Iames Master of art and Phisitian who had long time remayned in prison also Iohn Duerfer Iohn Gourdeley of Lincolnshire wel commended for his learning Katherin Dertford a Spinster the Parson of Hyggley in Lincolnshire named M. Robert William Henrie of Tenderden Iohn Gall a Priest of London Richard Monke Vicar of Chesham in Lincolnshire with other mo Collection for the P. to war against the Bohemians During the time of the Conuocation prouinciall Pope Martin had sent down to the cleargie of England for a subsidie to be gathered of the Church to mainteine the Popes warre against the Lollards of Bohemia Also another subsidie was demanded to persecute William Clarke master of arte in Oxford who sayling out of England was at the councell of Basill disputing on the Bohemians side and thirdly another subsidie was also required W. Clarke W. Russel to persecute William Russel which was Wardē of the Gray Friers in London who the same time was fledde and there escaped out of prison Among the rest which were at this time troubled for their faith was Radulph Mungin R Mungin priest against whom it was articulated at
sent were come hauing raigned 55. yéeres and béeing of the age of seuen and fiftie yéeres Immediatly after the death of Wenceslaus there was a noble mā named Zisca Zisca borne at Trosnonia who gathering together a number of men of warre spoiled the Abbeies and monasteries and his number increasing to 4000. tooke the Castles of Vicegrade and Pelzina wan the bridge and the nether part of the lesser Prage which vpon conditions hée rendred againe About Christmas Sigismund the Emp came down and by reason of execution done at Vratoslania the head citie of Slesia was had in such iealousie that they stopped him from entring into the cities of Bohemia and counted him an enimie vnto the kingdome In the meane time Zisca tooke Ausca a Towne situated vpon the riuer of Lusintius and rased it and forasmuch as he had no fenced towne to inhabite chose a playne fenced by nature Tabor builded by Zisca about eight myles from Ausca and compassed the same with walles and there builded houses called the same Tabor Afterwarde hée surprised Nicholas maister of the Emperours Minte whom the Emperour had sent with 1000. horse into Boheme to set things in order In this meane time the Emperour gathering together the nobles of Slesia entered into Boheme and allured one Chenco with large promises who had before reuolted once to the Protestantes to render vp againe the castle of Prage vnto him and there placed himselfe to annoy the towne Which doone the citizens sent for Zisca who went with his Taborites and receiued the citie vnder his gouernement which the Emperour did besiege Zisca putteth the Emperour to flight but was compelled to raise it and to be short Zisca put the Emperour to flight subuerts the abbey of Pelsina and as he layed siege to Raby hauing but one eye before to sée Zisca loseth his other eye hée lost the same beeing stricken with an arrow which yet notwithstanding he woulde not forsake his army but after that tooke diuers townes caused the Saxons his enimies to retire and againe puts the Emperour to flight and tooke Broda At these troubles the consuls of Prage being grieued Iohan. Premōstratensis and his companions put to death called for Iohannes Premonstratensis and nine other of his adherents whom they supposed to bee the principalles of of this faction into the Councel house as though they wold conferre with them of the common wealth and when they were come they slue them and departed home euery man to his owne house thinking they had made the citie quiet But their seruantes not circumspect inough washing the houses did wash down with all the bloud of those that were slaine into the sinkes and chanels The which being once séene the people knew what was done By and by there was a great tumult the Councell house was straight way ouerthrowen and eleuen of the principall Citizens which were thought to be the authors thereof were slaine and diuers houses spoyled Zisca in the meane while very valiantly behaued himselfe But betwixt him and the Citie of Prage at the length fell great dissention In so much that they prepared an armie against him and caused him to flie who at last finding opportunitie of place caused his standard to stand still Dissention betwixt Prage and Zisca and sought with them of Prage and slue 3000. of them and put the rest to flight and went to besiege Prage but by the wisedome of one named Iohannes de Rochezana reconciliation was made betwixt Zisca and them of Prage Reconciliatiō Which when the Emperour vnderstood perceiued all things fell out according to the mind of Zisca and that vpon him alone the whole state of Boheme did depend he sought priuy meanes to reconcile and get Zisca into his fauour promising him the guiding of all his army the gouernante of the whole kingdome and great yéerely reuenewes if he would proclaime him king and cause the cities to be sworn vnto him vpon which conditions when as Zisca for the performance of the couenants went vnto the emperor in his iourney at the castle of Prisconia he was stricken with sicknes Zisca dieth and there died It is written that beyng demaunded in the time of his sicknes where he would his body should be buried he commaunded his skinne to be plucked off his dead carkase and the flesh to be cast vnto the foules and beastes and a drum to be made of his skinne which they shoulde vse in their warres affirming that when the enimies shoulde heare the sound of the drumme they woulde not abide but take their flight The Taborites despising all other images yet set vp the picture of Zisca ouer the gates of their Cities The Epitaph of Iohn Zisca the valiant Captaine of the Bohemians I Iohn Zisca not inferior to any Emperor or Captaine in warlike policie The epitaph of Zisca a seuere punisher of the pride and auarice of the Clergie and a defender of my Countrey do lie here The same which Ap. Claudius in geuing good councell and M. Furius Camillus did for the Romans in valiantnesse the same I being blinde haue done for my Bohemians I neuer slacked oportunitie of battaile neither did fortune at any time faile me I being blinde did foresee all oportunitie of well ordering my businesse Eleuen times in ioyning battell I went victor out of the fielde I seemed worthilie to haue defended the cause of the miserable and hungrie against the delicate fatte and gluttonous priestes and for that cause to haue receiued helpe at the handes of God If their enuie had not let it without doubt I had deserued to be numbred amongest the most famous men Nōtwithstanding my bones lie here in this halowed place in despite of the Pope In despite of the P. Iohn Zisca a Bohemian enemie to all wicked and couetous priests but with a godlie zeale Ex Aen. Sil. All this while the Emperor with the whole power of the Germanes were not so busie on the one side but Martin the Pope was as much occupied on the other who about the same time directed out a most terrible Bull against all those that tooke part with Wickliffe Husse or Ierome A Bull. and set foorth certaine articles whereof examination was to be had with a certaine manner also how they were to be dealt withall set downe Not long after Ziscas death certain Bohemians set forth another contrarie writing against the pestiferous Sea of Rome bearing the names of Procopius Conradus Procopius Conradus Captains of the Bohemians Now after the Zisca was dead immediatlie followed diuision in the hoste the one parte choosing Procopius surnamed Magnus to be their Captaine the other part saying there was none worthie to succéede Zisca Whereupon they choosing out certaine to serue the warres named themselues Orphanes Orphans And albeit there was oftentimes dissention among them yet they ioyned and defended themselues against forraine power These two armies obteined great victories
came thither with the Popes pardons Anno 1530. the Doctors and Friers of Louane and Colen condemned the bookes of Luther as hereticall against whom also Luther effectually defendeth himselfe and sheweth to the nobilitie of Germanie in another booke The yeerely mony that wēt out of Germany to Rome that the mony that goeth yéerely out of Germanie to Rome amounteth to 3000000. Florens Now a while after the coronation of the Emperour the Pope sendeth againe to Duke Fredericke requiring him to cause Luthers bookes to be burned and that hée would eyther sée Luther executed himselfe or send him fast bound to Rome To the Embassadours the Duke answered that before the matter were disputed and the cause made manifest hée might not with any equitie or honour procéede in such sort Two Cardinals notwithstanding tooke and burned Luthers bookes whereof he hearing Luther burneth the popes Decrees burned also as many of the Popes Decrées as he could get and the late Bull also set out against him openly and solemnly with a great number of people following him This was doone the 10. of December On Maunday thursday the Pope curseth Luther Pope curseth Luther and shortly after he hauing the Emperours pasport Luther appeereth at Wormes and beyng sent for also by him appéereth at an assembly at Wormes Anno one thousand fiue hundred and one and twentie about seuentéene dayes after Easter his friendes greatly dissuaded him to whom he answered as touching himself since he was sent for he was resolued to enter Worms in the name of our Lord Iesus Christ although he knew that there were as many Diuels Luthers courage as there are tiles to couer the houses at Wormes The fourth day after his repaire to Wormes at foure of the clocke in the afternoone he appéered before the imperiall maiestie Princes Dukes c. where Eckius aboue mentioned who was then B. of Triers generall officiall with a loud voice propounded vnto him in the name of the assembly two questions Eckius questions to Luther 1. Whether the bookes that went abroad in his name were his 2. Whether hée would recant them if they were his To the demaundes Luther answered that the bookes whose titles they had read vnto him hée did acknowledge and as for the second poynt hée craued respite of deliberation that hée might without preiudice of the woord of God and perill of his owne soule answere the interrogatorie which was graunted vnto him till the next day the same houre and then his opinion should not be in writing but pronounced by word of mouth Luthers books of three sortes The next day hée appéered and answered his Bookes were of thrée sortes The first in whiche hée simply declared the religion of Christian faith and good works which the popes Bull it self iustifieth and is not to be reuoked The second sort wherein he had inueighed against the papacie the crueltie exhortiō of the same which if he should reuoke it should adde more force to their tyrannie and open wide gates to their impietie The third sort which he had written was against priuate persons which laboured to mainteine the Romane tyranny and to withstand the true doctrine which hée had professed In which hée confessed hée might haue dealt not with such vehemencie of spirit yet that he could cal nothing of the same backe without preiudice of the cause Albeit he offred himself both to be shewed wherin he erred and to hearken to those that could giue reason and out of the scriptures to the contrary c. These wordes thus pronounced Eckius the Emperours prolocutor with a sterne countenance refused his answere as not direct and plaine Then Luther considering saith hée your soueraigne maiestie and your Honours require a plaine answere this I say and professe as resolutely as I may without doubting or sophistication that if I bee not conuicted by testimonie of the Scriptures and by probable reasons for I beléeue not the Pope nor generall Councels which haue erred many times and haue béen contrary to themselues my conscience is so bound and captiued in these Scriptures and worde of God which I haue alleadged that I may not Luthern answereth directly nor will not reuoke anie manner of thing considering it is not lawfull nor godlie to doe any thing against conscience Herevppon I stand and rest I haue not what els to answere God haue mercie vpon me To this answere Eckius replied againe as insufficient and indirect and fled to the councels but Luther replied and declared how they haue erred and were not méete to determine matters of faith The officiall againe answered that could not be prooued that the councels haue erred but Luther promised to proue it and now night approching the Lordes arose and departed Vpon Friday following the Emperour signified to the States of Germany by his letters that he minded to extirpate Martine Luther and his doctrine The munday following before supper The Emperor purposeth to roote out the Gospell the Archb. of Triers aduiseth Luther that on Wednesday next he shoulde appeare before him at nine of the cloake before dinner and assigned him the place Luther appeares where in the presence of the Archbishop Marques of Brandēburg Duke of Saxonie and other States Doct. Vocus the marques of Bades chaplaine exhorted Luther with a rhetorical oration to recant and spake in defence of the Councels To whom Luther replied that he spake not against al councels but that they might erre it appeared by the councell of Constance which condemned this article of Wickliffe the Church is the communion of the predestinate with other words more which being finished he was bid to stand aside and in the mean while the princes conferred sent for him againe and exhorted him To whom he answered except he were ouerthrown by the scriptures he might not yéeld with a safe conscience Afterward the Archbishop himselfe with gentle and courteous wordes exhorted Luther to submitte which would not be So that within a while after the Archb. officiall declared vnto Luther from the Emperour that hée should within 20. daies return home vnder his safeconduct from whence he came And the sixe twentith of April hee returned Luther returneth the Emperors Herald Gasper Sturm safely conducting him Afte this the Doctours and Schoole-men of Paris wrote against Luther and condemned his bookes and not long after The Emp. outlaweth Luther c. Charles the Emp. directeth a writte of outlawrie against Luther and all them that tooke his part commanding wheresoeuer he might bée gotten to apprehend him and his bookes to bee burned Vppon this Duke Fredericke conueyeth Luther away secretly by certaine faithfull Noble men in which time hee wrote among other Bookes one intituled De abroganda Missa De abroganda Missa dedicated to his companie of Augustine Friers who vppon that beganne to laye downe their priuate Masses This doctrine Wittemberg fauoureth Luther the Vniuersitie of Wittemberg
at the suite of his friendes and by perswasions after thrée seuerall examinations and testimonies geuen to the trueth he relented Whereupon he fell into such gréefe of minde that he could not be quiet till he had occasion offered to recouer himselfe which afterward he did denying to the Iudges agayn that which before he had yelded vnto them This Galleazius was firste instructed in the truth by an Augustine Frier named Maniardus and afterwards more throughly confirmed by Celius Secundus Ex Celio Anno 1538. Did one Iohannes Mollins 1558 I. Mollins a Gray Frier secretely expound the Epistle of S. Paul to the Romans to a few Which being knowen his auditors increased so that he was compelled to read openly in the Temple At the same time was one Cornelius at Bononie a vaine babler him did Cardinall Campeius require to interprete the same Epistle also to disgrace Mollins But Mollins excelled him and drew to him his auditors Which when Cornelius perceiued hee perswaded the Cardinall to dispatch Mollins So a disputation was appointed betwixt them which indured till thrée of the clock after midnight From which disputation Iohannes departing was taken comming downe at the lowest steppes and caried to prison In the meane season Laurentius Spatha L. Spatha generall of his order in most spéedie wise posted vp to Rome and so preuayled in Mollins behalfe that the P. wrote downe his letters to Cāpeius that Iohannes should be deliuered out of prison so that within 3. monethes after he shoulde personally appeare at Rome Thus the 30. day of his imprisonment he was deliuered who but for the comming of the Popes letters had béene burned within 3. dayes after Whē he came to Rome he was not permitted as he desired to dispute openly but enioined to write his mind in articles to bring his proofes which he diligently performed intreating of original sinne iustification by faith frée will purgatorie c. Vpon this certaine Cardinals and Bishoppes were assigned to haue the cause in hearing who disputed with him 3. dayes and could not refell that which he had proued At the last answere was made him that it was trueth which he affirmed neuerthelesse the same was not méete for this present time for that it could not be taught nor published without the detriment of the Apostolike sea wherfore he should abstaine hereafter from the epistles of S. Paul and so again return safe to Bononie and there professe philosophie Thus being returned home he declareth all the matter in the pulpit wherewith Campeius more offended then before obteyned of the pope that the generall of the order shoulde remoue Molins from Bononia and place him elswhere So from thence he was sent to Naples and there was appointed preacher in the Monasterie of S. Laurence But Petrus the viceroy there could not abide his doctrine and so néerely sought his life that hee departed and went wandring into Italie from place to place preaching Christ Not long after this Campeius being dead he returned again to Bononia being called thether by a good Abbot named de Crassis an 1543. De Crassis 1543 where he renued againe the reading of Paules Epistles after a secrete forte but that could not long be vndiscouered Whereupon by meanes of Cardinal de Capo and by Bonauentora the Generall he was apprehended the second time and brought to Fauentia and there layd in a filthie stinking prison where he continued 4. yeres no man hauing leaue once to come to him During which time he wrote a Commentarie vpon the bookes of Moses which labor was suppressed by the aduersaries At length through the intercession of the Earle Petilianus and the good Abbot de Cassis he was againe deliuered and sent to Rauenna where he made his abode a while with the Abbot after at Vitalem and there againe taught the gospel of Christ as before And whensoeuer he spake of the name of Iesu his eyes dropt teares he was so fraught with a mightie feruentnes of Gods spirite In proces of time whē the abbot was dead The zeale of Molins his sureties begā to be weary of their bond and so was he againe the third time imprisoned by the Popes Legats There were then 4. men of great authority who bayled him out of prison againe of whom one took him home to instruct his childrē at whose fame such a concourse came to sée him that the aduersaries consulted with themselues to kill him wherevpon commaundement was sent to the Popes Legates to lay hands vpon him and to send him vp fast bound to Rome where againe the fourth time he was imprisoned in the castle of Nouie and there continued eightéene moneths and at last the 5. of September anno 1553. there sat vpon him 6. Cardinals beside the iudge and condemned him with a weauer of Perusium in the temple of S. Mary called De Minerua first to be hanged then burned which sentence beyng pronounced against him he cited them vp to the tribunall seat of Christ and so they were both had to the place of execution and suffered méekely for the testimony of the truth Pantal. lib. 19. Anno 1554 two monkes of S Austine in Rome were found in their selles with their tongues heads cut off only for rebuking the outragious excesse of the Cardinals Manlius in dictis P. Melanct. The same yéere Franciscus Ganiba Franciscus Ganiba was first strangled and then burned at the city of Canum in the dioces of Millain for the testimony of the trueth hauing his tongue first boared that he might not speake Pantal. lib. 10. Anno 1555. Pomponius Algerius 1555 Pomponius Algerius was burned aliue at Rome after he had bin long deteined in prison at Venice where being in prison he wrote a notable Epistle to the afflicted Saints full of consolation An. 1559. Iohannes Aloisius 1559 I. Aloisius suffered at Rome And the same yere Iacobus Bouellus I. Bouellus at Messina They were both sent downe from Geneua to the parties of Calabria there to minister Ex Epist Sim. Flo. After Pope Iulius 3. 1560 Iulius 3. came Marcellus 2. Marcellus 2. After him Paulus 4. Paulus 4. After whom Pius 4. Who raysed such sharpe persecution in the kingdome of Naples that many Noble men with their wiues others were reported there to be slaine Pantal. lib. 11. The same yere 1560. 88. 88. Martirs together persons put together into one house both young old one after another were taken out of the house and so being laid vpon the butchers stall with one blouddy knife were all killed in order in Calabria Pantal lib. 11. The Pope promiseth It is to be noted that the Pope did promise Marques Buccianus gouernour of the prouince of Calabria to make his sonne a Cardinall of Rome if all the Lutheranes of that prouince were rooted out which might be the cause of this butcherly crueltie The persecution of Merindole and Cabriers ABout 200.
paide for the will of Syr William Compton knight as Syr Henrie Guilforde knight one of the executors declared in open Parliament The second cause the great polling which the spirituall men vsed in taking of corpes presents or mortuaries The thirde that priestes being surueyors stewards and officers to Bishops Abbots c. had and occupied farmes graunges and grasing in euery countrey The fourth cause was that Abbots Priors and spirituall men kept Tannehouses and bought and solde wooll cloth and all manner of marchandise as other temporall marchants did The fift cause was their non residencie from their flocks and residencie in the court of Lords houses The sixt was that vnlearned priestes had tenne or twelue benefices and learned scholers in the vniuersities wanted both benefice and exhibition all which grieuances were redressed the same parliament During the same parliament there was brought downe to the commons the booke of Articles which the Lordes had put vp to the king against the Cardinall the chiefe whereof were these First that hée without the Kinges consent had procured himselfe to bée Legate Articles against the Cardinall 2. In all writinges that hee wrote to Rome he wrote I and my King 3. That hée slaundered the Church of Englande to the Court of Rome I and my king which hée saide was facta in reprobum sensum 4. Hée without the Kinges assent carried the great seale with him into Flaunders when hee was sent Embassadour to the Emperour 5. Without the kinges consent hee sent commission to Iohn Gregorie de Cassalis Knight to conclude a league betweene the king and the Duke of Ferrarie 6. That he hauing the Frenchpockes presumed to come and breath on the king The Cardinall had the Frēchpocks The Cardinal confesseth the Articles 7. That hee caused the Cardinals hatte to bee put on the kinges coyne 8. That hee had sent innumerable substance to Rome for the obtayning of his dignities to the impouerishing of the Realme These Articles were confessed all of the Cardinall and assigned with his hand Anno. 1531. Notwithstanding the kings goodnesse towardes him the Cardinall being in his Dioces The Cardinal vnthankfull to the king wrote to the Court of Rome and to diuers other Princes letters in reproche of the king and endeuoured to winne fauour of the people with pompe and great gifts to the Gentlemen which the king although he knew his doings dissembled all that yeare till he saw his heart so lifte vp with pride that hee thought it not conuenient to suffer him any longer so he directed his letters to the Earle of Northumberland The Cardinall arrested and prisoned willing him with all diligence to arrest him and to deliuer him to the Earle of Shrewsburie which was accordingly done and the vi day of Nouember he was conueied from Cawood to Sheffielde Castle and there deliuered to the Earle of Shrewesburies keeping When the Cardinall was thus arrested the king sent Sir William Kingstone knight Captaine of the Garde and Constable of the Tower of London to fetch the Cardinall to the Tower when the Cardinall saw the Captain of the Garde he was so sore astonished that shortly after hee became sicke men said he willingly tooke such quantitie of a strong purgation that his nature was not able to beare it and the matter that came from him was so blacke that the stayning thereof could not be gotten out of the Blankettes by any meanes By easie iourneies he was brought to the Abbey of Leicester the xxvij day of Nouember where for very feeblenesse of nature The Cardinall dieth caused by purgations and vomits he died the second night following and there lyeth buried It is testified by one yet liuing in whose armes the Cardinall died that his bodie being dead was blacke as pitche and was so heauie that sixe could scarce beare him and furthermore did so stincke aboue the ground The Cardinals bodie did stinke aboue ground that they were constrayned to hasten the buriall thereof in the night season before it was day At the which buriall such a tempeste with such a stinke there arose that all the Torches went out and so he was throwen into the Tombe This Cardinall founded a new Colledge in Oxford for the furniture whereof he had gathered together all the best learned he could heare of amongst which number were these Clarke Tyndall Sommer Frith and Tauerner with other mo Which holding assemblie together in the Colledge were counted to be Heretikes and thereupon were cast into a prison of the Colledge where was kept Saltfish through the stinke whereof the most part of them were infected and Clarke thereof died being young and tender and a man of singular learning among them all And other in other places in the Towne also of the same infection deceassed In the time of the Cardinall Master Humfrey M. Humfrey who was a right godly and sincere Alderman of London was troubled and put in the Tower for the Gospel of Christ and for the mainteyning of them that fauoured the same but at length he was forced to abiure Abiure and after was made knight by the king and Sheriffe of London Anno 1530. Thomas Hitten 1530. Tho. Hitten Martyr a Preacher at Maidstone after long torments sundry imprisonments by Wil. Warham Bishop of Caunterburie and Fisher Bishop of Rochester was burned at Maidston for the testimonie of the trueth Anno 1531. Thomas Bilney 1531. Tho. Bilney of Cambridge professour of both Lawes conuerted Thomas Arthur and M. Hugh Latimer then Crossebearer at Cambridge on procession daies and preached against the intollerable pride of the Cleargie and the authoritie of the Bishop of Rome being associate with Arthur whereof the Cardinall hearing cast him into prison and anno 1527. accompanied with a great number of Bishops as Caunterburie Cutbert of London Iohn of Rochester c. came into the chapterhouse at Westminster where Bilney Arthur were brought before them Where the Cardinall demaunded whether Bilney had preached any of the opinions of Luther contrarie to the Catholike Church Whereto Bilney answered negatiuely being asked againe of the Cardinall whether he had not taken an oath not to preach or defend any of the opinions of Luther he graunted he had so sworne but not lawfully Which Interrogatories so ministred and answere made the Cardinal caused him to sweare to answere plainly to the Articles and errours preached and set foorth by him Who hauing béene thus sworne and examined the Cardinal procéeded to the examination of M. Arthur there present causing him to take the like oath Then the Cardinall and the Bishops by their authoritie ex officio did call for witnesses against M. Bilney Iohn Huggen chéefe Prouinciall of the Fryers Preachers throughout all England Geffrey Iulles and Richard Iugwoorth Professors of diuinitie of the same order Also W. Ierkett Gentleman William Nelson and Thomas Williās and so the Cardinall because he was otherwise occupied in the affaires
ledge of the stake certaine Friers Doctors Priors being present at his examination degradation praied him to cleare them to the people least they should withdraw their almes from them which he did according to their request Then by reason of the great wind the fire thrise departed and had recourse before it coulde be sharpe enough to consume him In the which til he gaue vp the Ghost he knocked his brest sometime crying Iesus sometime Credo and so gaue witnes to the truth and slept in the Lord. About Anno 1527. Simon Fish who fled ouer the seas as Tindall for feare of the Cardinal whom he had offended in playing a parte against the Cardinal in a plaie made the booke of the Supplication of the beggers The Supplication of beggers and the next yéere sent it to the Lady Anne Bulleine which booke her brother séeing in her hand tooke and read it and gaue it her againe willing her to giue it to the King which thing she so did About Anno 1528. The king vnderstanding who made it and how for feare of the Cardinall he had fled ouer seas kept it in his bosome iij. or iiij daies which Fishes wife vnderstanding and hauing encouragement of certaine about the King that signified tokens of the kings good liking shée made suite to the king for the safe returne of her husbande whereto he most gratiously graunted Whervpon after two yéeres and an halfe of absence he returned and was of his wife brought vnto the king about the yéere 1530. who embraced him with most louing countenaunce and after iij. or iiij howers talke as they were riding on hunting dismissed him and gaue him his protection The king giueth Fish his protection About the same time also M. Moddis the kings footman being in talke with the king of religion and of new bookes that were come frō beyond seas said if his grace would pardon him such as he would bring to his grace he should sée such a book as was maruelous to heare of The king demanded who they were he said ij of your merchaunts George Eliot George Robinson The king appointed a time to speake with them so did caused one of them G Eliot to read the book vnto him Which being read the king made along pawse and then said if a man should pull downe an old stone wall begin at the lower part the vpper part therof might chance to fal on his head And then he tooke the booke and put it into his deske and commanded them vpon their allegiance not to tell to any that he had séene the booke Against the supplication of the beggers sir Thomas Moore wrote vnder the title of poore séely soules pewling out of purgatorie Poore seely soules pewling out of Purgatory to whiche Iohn Fryth made a pithie and effectuall replie When the Cardinall and Prelates vnderstood of the supplication of beggers and other English bookes they gaue out a commission against reading of English bookes A Commission against English bookes and namely the booke of Beggers and the new Testament of Tindals translation which was done out of hand by Cutbert Tunstall bishop of London and a short time after they had procured an inhibition by the kinges proclamation Anno 1529. both against English other in the Latine tongue which contained ought against their superstition whervpon ensued great persecution and trouble whereof first tasted Thomas Bilney aforesaid Anno 1529. came foorth the New testament of Tindals translation The testament of Tindals translation which Tunstall and Moore deuised to suppresse through the counsell of Augustine Packington Augustine Packington a Mercer and Tindals fréend by buying all the copies for which he gaue verie largely and so furnished Tindall with monie that he corrected them and set them foorth againe in greater plenty then before being reléeued with the Bishops mony wherewith the bishop being gréeued declared vnto Packington how they swarmed more then before to whom said he my Lord you were best to buie the stampes too and so shall you be sure at which answere the bishop smiled and so the matter ended The same yéere that Bilney suffered Anno 1531. the moneth of Nouember Richard Bayfield Richard Bayfield suffered for the testimonie of the truth and was burned in Smithfield he was sometime a moonke of Surrie and conuerted by Doctor Barnes and two godly men of London brickmakers Maister Maxwell and Maister Stacie Wardens of their companie He so profited in the doctrine of Christe in twoo yéeres that by the Moonkes of this house he was caste into prison and there endured sore whipping with a gagge in his mouth and then stocked and so continued in the same torments thrée quarters of a yéere before Doctor Barnes could get him out which at length he did by the meanes of one doctor Ruffani of the same house From thence Doctor Barnes carried him to Cambridge where he greatly profited in good letters and neuer returned to his Abbie but went to London to Maxwell and Stacie who kept him secréetly a while and after caried him beyond the seas Doctor Barnes being then in the Fléete for Gods woorde where he was beneficiall vnto Tindall and Fryth and at the last returning to London to Maisters Smiths house in Bucklers burie there was he bewrayed dogged to his bookebinders in Marke-lane where he was taken and caried to Lollards tower and from thence to the Colehouse by reason that one parson Patmore parson of much Haddaine in Essex that lying in Lollards tower was confirmed by him in the doctrine of Christ who after abiured and was condemned to perpetual prison but deliuered againe by the kinges pardon But Richard Bayfield continued constant in the Colehouse was worse handled then before in Lollardes tower for there he was tied bothe by necke middle and legges and standing vpright by the walles diuerse times manicled to accuse others that had bought his bookes He was thrise in the Consistorie at Paules put to his triall whether he would abiure or no but he standing to his triall by disputation to the confounding of his aduersaries Bayfield condemned by Stokesly then his iudge with the assistaunce of Winchester and other Bishops he continuing constant in the cause of Christ was condemned the twentie daie of Nouember Anno 1531 in the quéere of Paules and disgraded After which the Bishop tooke his Crosier staffe Cruelty and smoote him on the brest that he threw him downe backwardes and brake his head that he souned When he came to himselfe againe he thanked God that he was deliuered from the malignant church of Antechrist Anon after he was ledde through the quire to Newgate and there rested aboute an hower in prayer and so went to the fire in his apparell ioyfullie and there for lacke of a spéedy fire was half an hower aliue and when the left arme was in the fire and burned he rubbed it with his right
home where he had scarce abode a moneth but he bewayled his fact and was neuer quiet in conscience til he had asked God and the world forgeuenesse before the congregation in those dayes in a warehouse in Bowe lane And immediatly the next Sunday after he came to S. Austines with the new Testament in his hand in English and the obedience of a Christian man in his bosome and stoode vp there before the people in his pewe and there declared which wéeping teares that he had denied God and prayed the people to forgeue and to beware of his weakenes Besides hée wrote certaine letters to the Bishop to his brother and to others so that shortly after he was apprehended and committed to the Tower of London and after thrée appearanrances the 19. of April the 20. and the 26. of the same moneth before Master Iohn Foxforde Vicar generall of the Bishoppe of London in the presence of Mathew Grifton Register Nicholas Wilson and William Phillips c hée was condemned to be burned and so was hée deliuered to sir R. Gresham shiriffe then being present who caused him by his officers to be carried to Newgate Iames Baynā burned was burned in Smithfield the last day of Aprill at iij. of the clocke in the afternoone After he had indured great torments stockes and irons in prison before as he was in the middest of the flaming fire and his armes and legges halfe consumed therewith The courage of a worthy martyr he spake these wordes Oh ye papists behold ye looke for myracles here now may yée sée a myracle for in this fire I féele no more paine then if I were in a bed of downe but it is as swéete to mée as a bedde of roses About this present time or not long before Iohn Benet Iohn Benet a tailor dwelling in a village called Vrchuant was burned in the towne of Deuies within the Countie of Wiltshire for the denying of the Sacrament of the Altar And much about the same time was one Traxnell burned in a towne called Brodford within the same County The same yéere 1532. Robert King Nicholas Marsh and Robert Garner men of Dedham Robert Debnam of Estbergholt had ouerthrowne and burned the roode of Douercourt The Idoll of Douercourt ten miles of Dedhā of which Idoll a brute was blowne that no man had power to shut the doore where hée stood wherefore the doore was alwaies kept open for which fact halfe a yéere after they were hanged in chaines Kinge in Dedham at Burchet Debnam at Cattawaie Cawsie Marshe at Douercourt Gardiner escaped and fledde The same yéere and yéere before many Images were caste downe and destroyed in many places Many images cast downe as the Crucifixe by Cogshall in the highwaie Saint Petronell in the Church of great Horksleigh S. Christopher by Sudbury S. Petronell in a Chappell by Ipswich also Iohn Seward of Dedham ouerthrew a crosse in Stoke parke and tooke two Images out of a chappell in the same parke and cast them into the water An. 1533. Iohn Frith was first a student in Cambridge and after one of those whome Cardinall Wolsey gathered together of the choise learned men to furnish his Colledge which he gaue the name of Saint Frideswide nowe called Christes Colledge He that yere the xx day of Iune Christes Colledge in Oxford was condemned by the Bishop of London to be burned and the sentence read he was deliuered to Sir Steeuen Peacock Mayor of London and the Sheriffes of the same Citie and the fourth day of Iulie was burned in Smithfield who at the stake chearefully embraced the Fagottes and fire which was put vnto him and seemed to reioyce for his fellowe that was burned with him Iohn Frith burned rather than to bee carefull for himselfe though by reason the winde bare awaye the flame from him hee was somewhat long in burning After the death of certaine whom the Cardinall had before imprisoned in the caue of his Colledge where Saltfish was vsed to be layde Frith with other were dismissed vppon condition not to passe aboue tenne miles out of Oxforde But Frith after the hearing of the examination of Dalaber and Garret which bare the fagottes went ouer Sea and after two yeres came againe for exhibition of the Prior of Reading as is thought and had the Prior ouer with him Being at Reading he was there taken for a vagabonde and was set in the stockes and through the meanes of one Leonarde Coxe Scholemaster of the Towne who woondered at his excellent learning was againe set at libertie but his safetie continued not long Sir Thomas Moore Sir T. Moore pursueth Frith then Lorde Chauncellour did so deadly pursue him both by Lande and Sea And at last being traiterouslie taken he was sent to the Tower of London Where he had many conflictes with the Bishops but especially in writing with Sir T. Moore The occasion wherof was a Treatise which he made and communicated it with W. Holte a Taylor of Londō that caried it to Moore the chācellor who endeuoured to confute it The pointes of Frithes treatise Frithes treatise were First that the controuersie of the Sacrament is no necessarie Article of fayth vnder paine of damnation 2. That Christ is not in two places at once 3. that Christes woordes in the institution of the Sacrament are to bee vnderstoode according to the phrase of speech comparing phrase with phrase according to the analogie of Scripture 4. That the order and institution of Christ is to be reteined although the order of the priestes doe neuer so much differ from it The copie of which answere Frith got by meanes of friends and answered A treatise of these poyntes Frith did write and it was carried by Holt vnto Moore which hee answered him againe out of prison omitting nothing belonging to the perfect handling of the matter Hée wrote also a Treatise of Purgatorie in which quarrell hee withstood the violence of the moste obstinate enemies Rochester Moore and Rastall and conuerted Rastall to his part who was Moores sonne in lawe After he had sufficiently contended in writing with those men he was at last carried to Lambith first before the Bishop of Canterburie and after vnto Croydon before Winchester and last of all before a common assembly of Byshoppes at London where continuing constant in his righteous cause was condemned With Frith Frith condemned was Andrewe Hewet Andrew Hewet burned hee was borne at Feuersham in the Countie of Kent of the age of foure and twentie yeeres and was apprentice with one Maister Warren Taylor in Watlingstréet he was betraied by the false Iudas William Holt and cast into prison in the Bishoppes house from whence hauing fyled off his yrons hée escaped but was bewrayed againe by one Withers a false hypocrite as Holt was and with him were taken Iohn Tibauld who was banished from his owne house by an iniunction and had béene foure times in prison for
Shortly after the ouerthrowe of the Pope by little and little began the ruine of the Abbeys and Religious houses and the same yéere in the moneth of October the king hauing then Thomas Cromwell of his counsell sent Doctor Lee to visit the Abbeies Priories and Nunneries in all England and to set at libertie all such religious persons as desired to be frée and all other that were vnder the age of xxiiij yéeres prouiding withall that such Moonkes Chanons and Friers as were dismissed shoulde haue giuen them by the Abbot or Prior in stéede of their habite a secular priestes gowne and xl shillings of money and likewise the Nunnes to haue such apparell as secular women did then commonly vse and suffered to goe where they woulde At which time also from the saide Abbeies and monasteries were taken the chiefe Iewels and and reliques Chiefe iewels and reliques taken from the Abeies After these things done of the king against the Pope hée endeuoured by al meanes to entertaine the fauour friendship of other princes as the Emperour the king of France the king of Scottes to whom hee purgeth himselfe concerning his diuorce and lawfulnesse of his marriage with the Ladie Anne and declareth the manifolde iniuries which the Pope had done vnto him and how hée deferred the cause of his diuorce and second marriage which he did fearing the malice of the Pope and prelates least they shoulde stirre them vp to warre against him which they laboured by all meanes to bring to passe especially Cardinall Poole plaied his part therein Anno 1536. Wil. Tindall 1536 Wil. Tindall burned who translated the new Testament in English and the fiue bookes of Moses with many other godlie woorkes was burned at the towne of Filforde in Flaunders by vertue of the Emperors decrée made in the assembly at Auspurgh He was first strangled and after consumed with fire At the stake he cried with a feruent zeale and lowde voice Lord open the king of Englands eies Tindall was borne aboute the borders of Wales and brought vp from a child in the Vniuersitie of Oxford where he increased in knowledge of artes and tongues From thence he went to the Vniuersitie of Cambridge where hauing abode a while hée departed and resorted to one Maister Welch a knight of Glocestershire and was there Schoolemaister to his children where he so behaued himselfe boldly in disputing with Abbots Deanes Archdeacons c. that he was faine to depart that coūtrie Such was the grudge of the priests against him especially after they perceiued by his means that they were not so welcome to M. Welches house as in times past From master Welche Tindall commeth vp to London sought to serue Tunstall B. of London but being refused of him he aboad notwithstanding in London the space almost of a yéere finding no place in England to translate the New testament hauing some aid prouision ministred vnto him of Humfrey Monmouth certaine other godly men Tindall takes in hand the translation of the New testament he departed into Germanie and there tooke in hand the translation of the New testament which he finished first Anno 1527. After he had continued a while in Germanie as in Saxonie where he had conference with Luther and other learned men he came downe into the Low countries and had his moste abiding in the towne of Antwerpe vntill the time of his apprehension whiche was about one whole yéere in the house of Thomas Poynes an Englishman who kepte an house of English merchants Aboute which time came thither one out of England whose name was Henry Phillips his Father beyng customer of Poole This Phillips grewe into acquaintance with Tindall and pretended much fauour vnto him After this Phillips goeth from Antwerpe to the court of Bruxels which is from thence xxiiij English miles the King hauing then no Ambassadour there and procured to bring from thence with him to Antwerpe that procurour generall which is the Emperours atturney with other certaine officers Within a while after Poynes siting at his doore Phillips man came vnto him and asked whether M. Tindall were there and said his maister would come to him and so departed Poines within iij. or iiij daies being departed out of the towne to Barrow xviij miles from Antwerp Phillips cōmeth again to Poines wife asketh for M. Tindall and what good chéere there was in the house whether he would dine with him that doone he goeth out to prouide and set the officers which he had brought from Bruxels in the stréete and about the doore Then about noone he came againe went to M. Tindall and said he had lost his purse and praied him to lend him xl s̄ which M. Tindall did Then saied Phillips to M. Tindall you shall be my guest here this day No saied M. Tindall I go foorth this day you shall go with me and be my guest where you shall be welcome So when it was dinner time M. Tindall went out with Phillips and at the going foorth of Poines house Maister Tindall would haue put Phillips before him but Phillips would in no wise pretending a shewe of great humanitie so M. Tindall went before him He had set officers on either side the doore vpon seates to whome Phillips pointed with his finger ouer M. Tindals head that the officers might sée it was he so should apprehend him Who there tooke him brought him to the Emperors atturney the procuror generall where he dined Frō whence he was had to the castle of Filford xviij miles from Antwerpe where he remained til he was put to death Poines labouring for the release of M. Tindall with letters directed out of England by the Lord Cromwell other to the court of Bruxels Then the Lord of Barowe was also clapt in prison after long imprisonment was faine to escape by flight But good Maister Tindall could not escape but was put to death for the testimonie of the trueth Of whome the Emperours Atturney left this testimonie that he was a learned good Tindals protestation touching his trāslation and godly man Concerning his translation of the new testament thus himselfe protested I call God to record against the day in which I shal appeare before the Lord Iesus to giue a reckoning of my doings that I neuer altered one syllable of Gods word against my conscience nor would do this day if all that is in earth whether it be honour riches or pleasure might be giuen me The same yéere that Tindall was burned Anno 1536. In the beginning of the yéere first died Ladie Katherine Princesse dowager in the moneth of Ianuarie after whom the same yéere in the moneth of May next following Quéen Anne who had nowe béene married to the king the space of thrée yéeres was put to death Queene Anne put to death very likely by the practises of the prelates against her who was an earnest fauourer of Gods people and
printers themselues which before they neuer intended and imprinted out the said Bible in London and after that printed sundry impressions of them but yet not without great trouble and losse through the hatred of Steeuen Gardiner and his fellowes Steeuen Gardiner alwaies an enemie to the Gospel In those dayes there were two sundrie Bibles in English printed and set foorth bearing diuers titles and printed in diuers places The first was called Thomas Mathewes Bible Th. Mathewes bible printed at Hamborough about the yere 1532. The Corrector of which Printe was Iohn Rogers the Printers were Richard Grafton and Whitchurch In the translation of this Bible the greatest doer was William Tindall who with the helpe of Miles Couerdale had translated all the bookes thereof except onely the Apocrypha and certaine notes in the Margent which were added after But because William Tindall in the meane time was apprehended before his booke was fullie perfected it was thought good to them that had the dooing thereof to chaunge the name of William Tindall because that name was then odious and to further it by a straunge name of Thomas Matthew Iohn Rogers being the same time corrector to the print who had then translated the residue of the Apocrypha and added also certaine notes thereto in the Margent and thereof came it to be called Thomas Matthewes bible Which bible of Thomas Matthewes after it was imprinted and presented to the Lord Cromwell and the Lord Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury who liked very well of it Cromwell presented it to the king The Bible in English presented to the king and obtained that it might fréely passe to be read of subiects with his graces licēce So that there was printed on the same booke one line in red letters with these wordes Set forth with the Kinges most gracious licence This book did greatly offend the Bishops both for the prologues and especially for a table called of the common places of the Bible and the scriptures for the approbation of the same and chiefly about the supper of the Lord and priests marriages and the masse which there was said not to bée found in the Scripture After the restraint of this bible of Mathew another came to be printed at Paris anno 1540. which was called the bible of the large volume The Bible of the large volume The Printed that printed it was the former the ouerseer was Miles Couerdale who conferred Tindalles Translation with the Hebrewe and mended diuers places there In this Bible although the former notes of Thomas Mathew were omitted yet sundrie marks and hands were annexed in the margent which meant that in those places should be made certaine notes wherewith also the Clergie was offfended and Cromwel being dead complaintes were made to the king of the translation of the Bible and of the Preface of the same and then was the sale of the Bible cōmanded to be staied the B. promising to amend and correct it but neuer performed it The Bishops promisse to amend the Bible but performed it not Then Grafton was called for and troubled cast in the Fléete where hée remained sixe wéekes and before he came out was bound in 300.l neither to print to sell nor cause to be printed any mo bookes till the king and the clergie should agrée on the translation and thus was the Bible staied from that time during the reigne of king Henry the eight Anno 1541. D. Cutbert Barnes Doctor Barnes Thomas Garret and William Hierome were burned in Smithfield for the testimonie of Iesus Christ after the death of the lord Cromwell who whiles he liued was a great defence vnto diuerse that professed the truth but he being taken away many godly christians in diuerse places went to wracke Doctor Barnes after that he came from the vniuersitie of Louaine went to Cambridge where hée was made Prior and Maister of the house of Augustines at which time the knowledge of good letters was very scant in the Vniuersitie which Barnes thinking to redresse read in his house Terence Plautus and Cicero so that what with his labour and helpe of Thomas Parnell his scholer whom he brought from Louaine with him reading Copia verborum rerum he caused the house shortly to florish with good letters and made a great part of his house learned as M. Cambridge M. Field M. Coleman M. Burley M. Couerdall c. After these foundations laid he did openly read in the house S. Paules Epistles and put by Duns Dorbell Duns Dorbell put out of Cambridge and yet though he were a questionarie himselfe in short space made he diuerse good diuines obseruing disputations of necessarie points of faith in his house Disputations of points of faith rare in Cābridge in those daies also in the schooles when he should dispute with any man The first man that answered Doctor Barnes in the Scriptures was M. Stafford for his forme to be batchellour of diuinitie Which disputation was marueilous in the sight of the great blind Doctors notwithstanding all this till he was conuerted by Bylney D. Barnes conuerted by Bylney he remained in his superstition still The first Sermon that euer he preached according to the truth of the Gospell was the Sunday before Christmas day at S. Edwards church belonging to Trinitrie hall in Cambridge by the pease market whose theame was the Epistle of the same Sunday Gaudete in Domino c. For which Sermon he was immediatly accused of heresie by two fellows of kings hall Then the godly mē flocked and conferred together the house that they most commonly resorted vnto was the white horse which for dispite of them to bring Gods word into contempt was called Germany The White-horse in Cambridge called Germany This house was especially chosen because they of S. Iohns Kings and Quéenes Colledges might come on the backeside thether Doctor Barnes was accused in the regent house and constantly continued with much preaching of diuerse parties one against another in trying out Gods truth till within sixe dayes before Shrouetide then was there sent downe a Sergeant at armes called maister Gibson dwelling in Saint Thomas Apostle in London who suddainly arrested Doctor Barnes D. Barnes arrested in the Regent house and priuely they had determined to make searche for Luthers bookes and all the Germanes workes suddainly but by Doctor Farmans warning of Quéenes Colledge the bookes were conueyed away thirtie persons they had in speciall suspition Doctor Barnes was carried to Cardinall Wolsey and after hée had a while stood constant by the perswasion of Doctor Gardiner his secretarie and Foxe he relented and submitted himselfe Barnes submitteth himselfe and with fiue Stylliard men he bare his faggot at Paules the bishop of Rochester there preaching against Luther Doctor Barnes Notwithstanding his submission the Bishop commaunded hée shoulde be had to the Fléete againe and bée permitted to haue such libertie as other prysoners
the L. Graie Sir George Carew and Sir Richard Greenfield who purged the town of the slander although for a time they were in displeasure yet wtin a while after they came into greater fauor then before and were rewarded with xx l. a yéere a péece at the least Rockwood one of the fearcest persecutors fell into dispaire Rockwood a persecutor despaireth Gods iudgements and at the last breath cried he was vtterly damned for that he said malitiously he sought the death of such good men The Vndermarshall also another persecutor suddenly fell downe in the counsell chamber and neuer spake worde and the rest of the persecutors had the reuenging hand of God following after them Adam Damlip Adam Damlip taken againe who before escaped lay hid in the West-country teaching a schoole about a yéere or two by the miserable inquisition of the six articles was againe taken and brought vp to London where he was by St. Gardiner commanded to the Marshalsea there lay the space of other two yéeres where thinking he had béene forgotten he in the Latine tongue wrote an epistle to the B. of Winchester wherin he said he would write his obedience submission for said he I had rather die then here to remaine and not to be suffered to vse my talent to Gods glorie This he said to M. Marbecke then prisoner in the Marshalsea This epistle he deliuered to his kéeper about Saturday in the morning which was about the ij wéeke before Whitsontide desiring him to deliuer it at the court to the B. of Winchester which he did The B. made such quicke dispatch that the kéeper came home at night very late brought with him a precept for the executiō of Adam Damlip So vpon munday early in the morning the kéeper other of the knight Marshals men cōueied Adam vnto Calice vpon the Ascension euen there cōmitted him to the Maiors prison because they could not burthen him with any thing within a sufficient cōpasse of time to condemne him they laid to his charge he had receiued a French crowne of cardinall Poole at Rome where before his first comming to Calice he was requested to read thrée lectures a wéeke in Cardinall Pooles house therefore they condemned him and executed him for treason Adam Damlip put to death which death he most méekely and hartely tooke Iohn Butler and sir Daniell the curate before mentioned after ix moneths imprisonment were with much labour permitted to returne to Calice againe William Steuens aboue mentioned who had remained all this time in the Tower was condemned also of treason with his guest Adam Damlip pardoned by the king Adam Damlip had sometimes béene a great papist chaplaine to Fisher B. of Rochester after the death of his maister trauelled France Dutchland and Italie and came to Rome where he would not for the wickednes of the place abide to remaine though cardinall Poole offered him maintenance to read iij. lectures a wéeke in his house which he refused for receiuing onely a French crowne he was condemned and executed for treason he receiued it at the Cardinals hand to drinke and beare some charge of expence By the preaching of Adam Damlip in Calice among others there was a poore mā whose name is not yet certainly knowne who was conuerted to the truth therfore condemned by one Haruey there being cōmissarie whom this Haruey in time of his iudgement called Hereticke and said he should die a vile death the poore man aunswered againe and said that he was no hereticke but was in the faith of Christ and whereas thou saidest said he that I shall die a vile death thou thy self shalt die a viler death and that shortly And so it came to passe for within half a yéere after Haruey was hanged Gods iudgement drawne and quartered for treason in the same towne of Calice After the burning of this poore man there was also a certaine other schooler coūted to be a dutchman named Dodde who comming out of Germany was there taken with certaine Germane bookes about him being examined standing stoutly to the doctrine of the gospell he was burned A little before this time Will. Bolton alias Crosbowmaker for saying the Pope wanted Charitie if he could and would not release soules out of Purgatorye by Doctor Darlie parson of our Ladies Church in Calice then Commissarie for Archbishoppe Warham was made to beare a fagotte and lost his wages which was vi pence a day who complaining thereof to the king and declaring vnto his maiestie the cause sent him to Calice againe and after that gaue him viij pence a day As for the vi articles many good men were put to death so for the Popes supremacie diuerse suffered And about this time Larke a priest of Chelsey for the supremacie and Germine Gardiner néere kinseman to Stephen Gardiner and his secretarie for practising for the Pope against the King were put to death By an act of parlament holden An. 1544. 1544. The rigour of vi articles mitigated the rigour of the vi articles was asswaged a little at the first time it was permitted that they which offended against them might recant which if they refused to doe and offended againe they should beare a fagot and should be admitted to abiure if the third time they offended then they should sustaine punishment according to law Notwithstanding this Parlament had thus mittigated the rigor yet remained the poison and all manner of bookes bearing the name of Williām Tindall or what other booke soeuer contained any thing against the vi articles were debarred In this Parlament also it was permitted onely to noblemen and gentlemen Noblemen and Gentlemē permitted to reade the scripture to reade the scriptures to their edifying so they did it without discussing or vrging therevpon In this Parlament also it was permitted to the party detected to trye his cause by witnesses as many or more in number as the other which deposed against him Anno 1545. 1545. Sixe articles more qualified the vi articles were yet much more qualified by Act of Parlament whereby it was also decréed that the king should haue full power to appoint 32. persons to wit sixetéene of the Cleargie and sixetéene of the temporaltie to peruse and ouersée examine the Canons constitutions and ordinances of the canon law aswell prouinciall as synodall and so according to their discretions to establish an order of ecclesiastical lawes such as should be thought by the king most conuenient This yeere 1544. Iohn Heywood recanted the Popes supremacie and Iohn At h the trueth of the sacrament About the yeere 1546. 1546 Saxy hanged one Saixe a priest was hanged in the porters lodge of Stephen Gardiner not without the consent of the Bishop as it is supposed there was also a seruant in Colchester named Henrie burned for the testimony of the trueth Henry burned This yeere 1546. One Kerby Kerby was
the racking of Anne Askew was greatly displeased therewith The day of her executiō being appointed she was brought into Smithfield in a chaire because she could not go on her féete by reason of her racking and was girded by the middle with a chaine that might hold vp her bodie and so was shée with her fellowes a witnesse of the truth and sealer of the same with her bloud Anne Askew hauing letters of pardon offered her at the stake by Wrisley lord Chancellour if shée would recant she refused so much as to looke on them They were there also offered to the rest The martyrs had pardon at the stake but they by her example were confirmed and likewise refused the same About the same time and yéere Doctor Ripse bishop of Norwich did incite the old duke of Northfolke against Rogers in the countie of Northfolke who was condemned and suffered for the cause of the sixe Articles An. 1546. Winchester practized against Q. Catherine Parre the last wife to king Henry who was very zealous towardes the Gospell Winchester practiseth against the life of the Queene and had perswaded with the king to make a perfect reformation and so farre he preuailed with the king persuading him of the factious disposition of the gospellers and of the daungerous example of the Quéene his wife that before that he and the L. Chancellor and others who conspired together against her departed the king had giuen out cōmandement with warrant to certaine of them made for that purpose to consult together about drawing of certaine articles against the Quéene wherein her life might be touched which the king by their persuasions pretended not to spare hauing any rigor or colour of law to coūtenance the matter With which cōmission they departed that time from the king resolued to put their pernitious practise in executiō first determined to deale with those whō they knew were great about her as the Lady Harbert afterward the Countesse of Penbrooke and sister to the Quéene and chiefe of her priuie chamber the lady Lane being of her priuie chamber and also her cosin Germane the lady Terwit beyng of her priuie chamber It was deuised that these thrée should first of all haue béene accused brought to answere to the six articles and vpon their apprehension in the court their closets and coffers should haue béen searched that somewhat might haue béene found whereby the Quéene might be charged which being found she her selfe presently should haue béene taken likewise caried by barge in the night to the Tower To all this the king séemed to giue his assent and afterward opened all the matter to D. Wendy his Physicion charging him withall vpon perill of his life not to vtter it to any person Now the time drawing nigh when they minded to put their mischéefes in practise the bill of articles drawne out against the Quéene and subscribed with the Kinges owne hand falling from the bosome of one of those wicked counsellours was found and taken vp of some godly person and brought immediatly to the Quéene who séeing the same fell into a marueilous perplexitie almost to the perill and daunger of her life whereof the king hearing he sent his Phisition Wendie and came also himselfe to comfort her to whom she delared her griefe but the king gaue her most comfortable wordes and so when he had tarried an houre with her he departed Shée afterwardes being recouered came to the King and founde suche fauour with him and had so satisfied him in those thinges The king much altered concerning their practises against the Queene for which the Prelates conspired against her that his minde was fully altered and detested in his heart the bloudie conspiracie of those Traytours who yet notwithstanding the next day determined to haue carried the Quéene to the Tower and at the houre appointed the Lord Chauncellour with fourtie of the garde at his héeles commeth into the garden where the Quéene was with the King and those thrée Ladies in pleasaunt communication fully determining from thence to haue taken the Quéene and those thrée Ladies and to haue carried them to the Tower whom the King stearnely beholding and breaking of his myrth with the Quéene stepped aside and called him knaue arrant knaue beast and foole The Queene deliuered from her daunger and commaunded him presently to auoide out of his presence So departed the Chauncellour with his train and all his deuises brought to naught and the subtletie of Gardiner discouered who was alwayes a cruell enimie against the Gospell and professors of the same Gardiner not onely practised in England against reformation but also when the King was minded to reforme in England he being Ambassadour beyond the seas for the agréement of a league betwéene England Fraunce and the Emperour he wrote vnto the king and perswaded him that if he procéeded to alter any whit in England in matters of religion the league would not go forwarde whereby the Kinges determinate purpose for that time was altered although before he had commanded the Archb. Cranmer to cause two letters in his name to be drawne for the abolishing of Roodlofts and ringing on allhallow night After this Anno 1546. The matter of reformation beganne to be reuiued and the French king and the king of England did agrée to make a perfect reformation The kings of England and France agree to make a perfect reformatiō of religion and were so fully resolued therein that they meant also to exhort the Emperour to doe the same in Flaunders and other his countries or else to breake off from him And herein the king commaunded the Archbishop Cranmer to penne a forme thereof to bée sent to the French king to consider of but by the death of these Princes that purpose was cut off About this time Sir Hugh Cauerley knight maister Litleton falsly accused Sir George Blage one of the kings priuie chamber the sunday before Anne Askew suffered before Wriseley Lord Chauncellour Sir George Blage condemned to be burned the next day he was carried to Newgate from thence to the guild hall where he was condemned the same day and appointed to be burned the wednesday after They laid to him that he shold say that if a mouse did eate the bread they should by his consent hang vp the mouse with other such light matters When the King vnderstood hereof hée was sore offended with their doinges and sent him his pardon and so was he set at liberberty Who comming after to the kings presence ah my pig said the king to him for so he was wont to call him Yea said he if your maiestie had not béene befter vnto me then your Bishoppes were your pigge had béene rosted ere this time After the death of Anne Askew the Prelates made out straight proclamation against English bookes of scripture and whatsoeuer might giue any light to the word and drew out a number of heresies as they call them out
Frenchmen at the Iles of Iersey and Garnesey Bishop Boner who the first yere of the kings reigne anno 1547. had submitted himselfe hearing of the death of the Lord Admirall the L. Protectors brother and after that the rising of the kings Subiects began to draw backer and to neglect his duetie Whereupon as hath béene sayde he was called before the Counsell and enioyned to preach that such as rebell against their Prince resist Gods ordinance and to set foorth in his Sermon that the authoritie of the king was no lesse in his young age than was of any of his Predecessors c. Boenr at his time appointed preached at Paules crosse Muskleborow field Scots Frēch ouerthrowen and in steade of declaring such things as were enioyned him he spent his Sermon in the maintenance of the papisticall Transubstantiation and altogether left out the article touching the lawfull authoritie of the K. during his nonage For which so doing I. Hooper afterward B of Worcester and Glocester and M. W. Latimer Bachelour of Diuinitie did exhibite vnto the kings highnes vnder both their names a bill of complaint against him Whereupon the king did immediatly direct foorth his Commission vnder his broad Seale vnto the Archb. of Canterburie the B. of Rochester and other Counsellors geuing them authoritie to call Boner before them and to deale with him according as they should finde cause The tenth day of september Bishoppe Boner was summoned to appeare at Lambeth before the Commissioners before whom he behaued himselfe most vndiscréetely and vnreuerently defacing the authoritie of the Commissioners and shifting of the poynt hee was accused of and in the ende pulled out a Protestation out of his bosome readie written and exhibited it vnto the Commissioners Vnder which protestation he requested to haue a copie both of the Commission and accusation with time to answere therūto Which was granted him he assigned to appeare againe before thē vpō friday at 8. of the clocke before noone the next following and then to answere Vpon Friday the xiij of September Boner appeareth againe at Lambeth before the Commissioners and because Secretarie Smith sate there who was not there the former day Boner shifteth and caueleth Boner cauils thereat and makes delaies of answere and in the end tooke exceptions against his accusers because said he they were heretickes and iustly excommunicated and especially he inueighed against them for the matter of the Sacrament of the Altar and withall denied their accusations to be true and coloured glosed forth his maner of handling the points inioyned him and accompted the iniunctions of the booke forged because they were not sealed nor signed with the kings owne hand And when he had finished reading of his answeres Latimer deliuered vp a writing vnto the cōmissioners containing Articles agaynst him whereof certaine were touching his owne fact as whether he wrote his sermon or not to which he answered that onely he penned certaine notes then what aduise and whose he had to which he answered his owne onely with helpe of his bookes And this he answered an oth being ministred vnto him Ex officio mero These wordes ended the Commissioners assigned him Munday the xvj of September then next to appeare before them and to make his full answeres to all the Articles ministred vnto him by them that day On Mundaie the sixtenth of September hée appeareth againe before the Commissioners and exhibiteth vnto them answeres vnto the laste Articles but before the same were read the Archbishop declared vnto him that his answere made against his accusers denunciation contained matter of slander against them and so signified that they desired there to purge themselues which they both did first Latimer and next Hooper And after much vnséemely behauiour of Boner the Commissioners willed him to make aunswere to the articles obiected the last day against him which he did reading it and answering to euery poynt verie slenderly as to the point of the kings authoritie that he had gathered a note out of Histories and Scriptures of diuerse yoong Kinges who notwithstanding their minoritie were faithfully obeied and reputed for very lawfull kings all which with many other hée had purposed to declare if they had come vnto his memorie which they did not partly for lacke of vse of preachyng and partly by reason of a bill which was deliuered him from the Kinges counsell to declare the victorie hée had agaynst the rebels which confounded his memorie and partely for that his booke fell in his Sermon time from him wherein were diuerse of his notes which hée had collected for that purpose Which answere pleased not the Commissioners who required him to make it more direct whether he had doone as hée was enioyned or not whereto when he would no otherwise answere the cōmissioners did admit presently for witnesses vpon articles against him M. Iohn Cheeke Henry Markham Iohn Ioseph Iohn Douglas and Richard Chambers vpon whom they laid a corporall oth truely to answere Boner against this vnder his former protestation protested of the nullitie of the receiuing and admitting and swearing of those witnesses with protestation also to obiect against the persons and sayings of these witnesses demaunding a lawfull and competent time to minister interrogatories against them Wherewith the Commissioners were contented so that day he obiected against M. Cheeke and the next day before noone he obiected against the rest After this the Commissioners assigned to the Bishop to appeare againe before them vpon Wednesday the next ensuyng betwéene the houres of seuen and eight before noone at Lambeth there to shewe the cause why hee should not be declared Pro confesso vpon all the Articles wherevnto hée had not then fully aunswered but Boner still protesting the nullitie and inualiditie of al their procéedings they did for that time depart In the meane while the Commissioners certified the K. and his counsel of the B. behauiour and cauillations Whervpon the king the 17. of September did send vnto the Commissioners a full declaration of his owne will giuing them full authoritie to procéede at their owne discretions The 8. of September Boner appeareth againe and offereth matter vnto the Commissioners why he ought not to bée iudged pro confesso full of cauillations and vaine quiddities of their law and inordinat contempt In the end they ministred vnto him new articles and receiued witnesses against him but Boner still stoode vpon the nullitie of their Commission and the whole processe desiring a copie of the Articles which was graunted and time til the next day at viij of the clocke Also the same time hee exhibited a cauillation against William Latimer Boner exhibiteth a cauillation against William Latimer So the Commissioners appointed him a new time to appeare on munday next betwéene 6. 9. in the morning then to shew a finall cause why he shoulde not be iudged pro confesso And they deliuered him a copy of the Articles At the time appointed the
of September and was committed to the tower close prisoner hauing his seruant Austine to attend vpon him The same day the Archbishop of Canterbury appearing before the Counsell was commaunded to appeare againe the next day at after noone in the starre chamber where hauing charged him with treason and spreading abroade seditious libels Cranmer to the Tower he was committed from thence to the tower there to remaine till farther iustice at the Quéenes pleasure The 15. of September there was a letter sent to maister Horne Deane of Durham for his appearance and another the 7. of October for his spéedy appearance The 16. of Septem there were letters sent to the maiors of Douer and Rye to suffer all French protestants to passe out of this Realme French protestants suffered to passe hence except such whose names should be signified to them by the French Ambassadour The first day of October Quéene Marie Mary crowned was crowned at Westminster and the tenth day of the same moneth beganne the Parlament A parlement with a solemne masse of the holie Ghost in the pallace of Westminster To the which among other Lords should come the Bishops which yet remained vndeposed which were the Archbishoppe of Yorke Doctor Taylor of Lincolne Iohn Harley Bishop of Hereford of the Bishops Doctor Taylor and maister Harley presenting themselues according to their duetie and taking their place amongest the Lordes after they sawe the masse beginne not abiding the sight thereof withdrew themselues from the companie for the which cause the Bishop of Lincolne béeing examined and protesting his faith was vpon the same commanded to attend Who not long after at Anker wicke by sicknesse departed Maister Harley because he was married was excluded both from the Parlement and from his Bishopricke This statute repealed Statutes repealed all the statutes made in the time king Henrie the viij for Premunire and statutes made in king Edward the vj. time for the administration of common bread and the Sacraments in the English tongue In this meane while many men were forward in erecting of Altars and Masses in Churches and such as would sticke to the Lawes made in K. Edwards time till other were established some of them were marked and some presently apprehēded Among whom sir Iames Hales Sir I Hales of kent apprehended and imprisoned a knight in kent and Iustice in the common place was one Who notwithstanding he had ventured his life in Q. Maries cause yet for that he did at a Quarter Sessions geue charge vpon the statutes made in king Edwards time and Henrie the eight for the supremacie and religion he was imprisoned in the Marshalsea Counter and Fléet and so cruelly handled and put in feare by talke that he thought to ridde himselfe out of his life by wounding him selfe with a knife and afterward was contented to say what they willed him Whereupon he was discharged but after that he neuer rested The lamentable end of Sir Iames Hales till he had drowned him selfe in a Riuer halfe a mile from his house in Kent During the time of the parlament the Cleargie had also their Conuocation with a disputation appointed by the Q. commaundement at Paules about the 18. of October In which Conuocation Harpsfield preached and D. Weston Deane of Westminster was chosen Prolocutor The disputation continued vj. dayes Disputation of vi dayes about the matter of the Sacrament wherein D. Weston was chéefe on the popes part The first day D. Weston inueyeth against the Catechisme and booke of Common prayer of king Edward and signified that on Friday next the xx of October it should be lawful for all men fréely to speake their consciences in matters of Religion The Friday being come in steade of disputation the Prolocutor exhibited two seuerall Billes vnto the House the one of the naturall presence of Christ in the sacrament and the other that the Catechisme was not set out by the houses consent requiring all to subscribe to these Billes as he himselfe had done To which motion all did assent sauing the Deane of Rochester the Dean of Exceter the Archdeacon of Winchester the Archdeacon of Hertforde and the Archdeacon of Stow and one other And while the rest were subscribing Iohn Philpot stoode vp and declared that the Catechisme was set out by the assent of the house and as touching the poynt of naturall presence that it was against reason that men should subscribe before the matter were discussed and withall desired the Prolocutor that he would be a meane to the Counsell that some of those that were the setters out of the same catechisme might be brought into the house to shew their learning that moued them to set forth the same and that D. Ridley M. Rogers with two or thrée more might be licensed to be present at this disputation and to be associated with them The bishops made answere it was not for them to cal such persons vnto the house since some of them were prisoners but they would be Petitioners in this behalfe to the Counsell and in case that any were absent that ought to be of the house they willed them to be taken in vnto them if they listed After this they minding to haue entered into disputation worde was geuen that the Lorde great Master and the Earle of Deuonshire woulde be present at the Disputation and therefore the Prolocutor deferred the same till the next Mundaye at one of the Clocke at after Noone At which time many Nobles being assembled to heare the Disputation the Prolocutor sayde that they of the house had appointed this Disputation not to call the trueth in doubt the which they had all subscribed sauing fiue or sixe but that those gainesayers might be resolued Then hée demaunded of Master Haddon whether hée woulde reason against the questions proposed To whome he answered hée would seing the request for those learned men to assist would not bée graunted and so aunswered M. Elmer and said that little or nothing it might auaile for the trueth since now all they were determined to the contrarie After this he demaunded of Maister Cheney who allowed of the presence but denied the transubstantiation Master Cheney answered he would gladly haue his doubts resolued on that point and so propounding his doubts the Prolocutor assigned M. Mooreman to aunswere By this meanes Maister Elmer was driuen to stand vp and so M. Philpot who reasoned against M. Mooreman and grauelled him Then stood vp the deane of Rochester M. Philpot who disputed of the real presence whom Weston answered and Watson tooke his parte Vpon whome Philpot replieth againe and in the end the disputation grew to be confused The disputation confused by reason many would take vpon them to answere On Wednesday the xxv of October Iohn Philpot according to the appointment was ready to dispute about the reall presence and was ready to enter into a Latine oration made to interpret the question this the Prolocutor
singing and reioycing To whom M. Philpot answered that they sang Psalmes and that hée trusted he would not be offended therewith since S. Paul saith If a man be of an vpright minde Mē of vpright mindes let him sing and we therefore said he to testify that wee are of an vpright mynd to God though we be in miserie do sing So he was had againe to the Colehouse where he had other sixe companions of the same affliction He was examined in all 14. seuerall times the fourth time in the Archdeacons house of London in the moneth of October before the Byshops of London Bath Worcester and Glocester with whom after dispute of the church of Rome and authoritie therof he was againe dismissed The Byshops rose vp and consulted together and caused a writing to be made whertoo they put their handes So he was againe carried to his Colehouse M. Philpot thought then they conspired his death The 5. examination was before the Byshops of London Rochester Couentrie saint Asses with another Doctor Storie Curtop Doctor Sauerson Doctor Pendleton with other Chaplens and gentlemen of the Quéenes Chamber and others in the Gallerie of the B. of Londons pallace Where Boner because he said hee minded on the morrow to sit in iudgement on him exhorted him to play the wise mans part and to conforme himselfe To whom Philpot answered he was glad iudgement was so nigh but refused Boner as not being his ordinarie After much dispute of the Romish church and reuilings of Doctor Storie against Maister Philpot he was had againe to the Colehouse the Byshop of London promising him fauour and that he had in his hands to do him good To whō Philpot answered my Lord the pleasure that I will require of you is to hasten my iudgment and so to dispatch me out of this miserable world vnto my eternall rest To hasten iudgement a pleasure to the Martyr The B. for all his faire promises performed no kinde of curtesie vnto him for a whole fortnight after he had neither fire nor candell nor good lodging The sixt examination was before the Lord Chāberlaine the vicont Hereford the L. Ritch the L.S. Iohns the Lord Windsore the L. Shandoys sir Iohn Brydges lieftenant of the Tower with the B of London and Doctor Chadsey The sixt of Nouember Anno 1555. Before whom he was reasoned with touching the Romish Church and of the Sacrament of the Altar The Lordes temporall being halfe amazed at that which they heard and not giuing M. Philpot an euill word The vij examination was had the xix of Nouember before the B of London and Rochester the Chauncellor of Litchfield and Doctor Chadsey The next morning Boner sent for maister Philpot to come to Masse A sharpe answere to Boners message To whose messenger he answered his stomacke was too weake to digest such raw meates of flesh blood and bone The next day the B. sent againe for him and ministred false articles against him and could bring no witnesse but would haue had his prison fellows sworne against him Which because they refused they were put in the stockes and also M. Philpot with them where they sate from morning till night The Sunday after at night betwixt 8. and 9. the Byshop came to the Colehouse himselfe and caused maister Philpot to be had into another place of imprisonment and there caused him to be searched but the searcher missed of his last examination which he had written yet tooke two Letters from him whiche were of no greate importaunce The viij examination was before the B. of London of Saint Dauis maister Mordant and others in the B. chappel where the B. would haue had him answered onely yea or nay to certaine Articles Which Philpot would not but made his appeale which the Bishop said he would stay in his owne handes So was he had againe to the colehouse The 9. time he was examined of the B. alone with his Chaplains the next day after in the Wardrope Where maister Philpot woulde not heare so much as Articles read against him refusing Boner as béeing not his ordinary At the last they fell to reason of the Sacrament of the altar and the masse the Bishop and diuers of his Chaplaines setting vpon maister Philpot. To whom hée gaue no place nor cause of triumph but sufficiently mainteined the trueth therein So for that time he was dismissed to his prison againe And the next day the tenth time was examined of the B his register and others and charged with the booke of Catechisme made in king Edwards daies and certain conclusions agréed vpon both in Oxford and Cambridge c. But M. Philpot refused him for ordinary would not answere but appealed to him that was in place of the Archbishopricke of Canterbury because he knew not of his imprisonment who was then Archbishop The 11. examination was on S. Andrewes day before the Bish of Duresme of Chichester of Bath of London the Prolocutor maister Christophorson Doctor Chadsey maister Morgan of Oxford maister Hussey of the Arches Doctor Weston Doctor Harpesfield maister Coosins maister Iohnson register to the B. of London these disputed against maister Philpot touching the true Church and of the Sacrament of the Altar and of the antiquity of the religion which maister Philpot professed Of which companie maister Morgan behaued himselfe aboue all the rest most insolently against him who asked maister Philpot howe hée knew that hée had the spirite of GOD scoffingly To whome Philpot aunswered by the faith of Christ which is in mée Ah by faith doe you so sayth Morgan I weene it bee the spirite of the buttery which your fellowes haue had which haue beene burned before you who were drunken the night before they went to their death and I weene went drunke vnto it To whome Maister Philpot aunswered It appeareth by your communication that you are better acquaynted with the spirite of the the butterie M. Philpots zeale against Morgan then with the spirite of God Wherefore I must needes tell thee thou paynted wall and Hypocrite In the name of the liuing GOD whose trueth I haue tolde thee that God shall raigne fire and brimstone vppon suche scorners of his worde and Blasphemers of his trueth as thou art Morgan What you rage nowe Philpot. Thy foolishe blasphemies haue compelled the spirite of God which is in mée to speake that which I haue saide vnto thee thou enemie of all righteousnesse By thine owne wordes doe I iudge thée thou blinde and blasphemous Doctour for as it is written By thy words thou shalt be iustified by thy wordes thou shalt be condemned I haue spoken on Gods behalfe and nowe haue I done with thée Morgan Why then I tell thée Philpot thou art an heretike and shalt bée burned for thine heresie and afterwarde goe to hell fire Philpot I tell thee thou hypocrite I passe not this for thy fire and fagot neyther I thanke GOD my Lorde stande in feare of the same my
fayth in Christ shall ouercome them c. In fine Chadsey perswaded him to consider of himselfe and to be wel aduised To whom M. Philpot said he would his burning day were to morow for this delay said he is euery day to die yet not to be dead So for that time they dismissed him The 12. examination was on Wednesday the fourth of December before the Bishop of London Worcester Bangor After Masse the Byshop called him before him into his Chappell and recited the Articles which often tymes he had done before with depositions of witnesses of whom some were not examined Philpot againe refused him for Iudge So he was had away and anone after he was called for to come before him the Byshop of Bangor Who being before them they cauilled with him where his religion was an hundreth yeare ago accusing him of singularitie c. and so dismissed him til after noone At which time he appeared againe and after reasoning with him touching the reall presence they againe dismissed him till Thursday after which was the 13. examination On which day he appeared before the Archb. of Yorke and other Bishops as the bishop of Chichester Bathe London c they reasoned with him touching the true Church and the authority thereof and vniuersality But being not able to deale or preuayle with him in strength of argument nor verity of their cause they departed The same day at night againe Boner called for him and required him to say directly whether he would be conformable or not To whom he answered that he required a sure proofe of that Church whereto Boner called him which when Boner could not prooue they gaue him ouer vntil the xiij or xiiij daye of December On which dayes the Bishop sitting iudicially in his Consistorie at Paules caused him to be brought thither before him and others and obiected vnto him 3. articles 1. That he refused to be reconciled to the Church 2. That he had blasphemed the masse Articles against M. Philpot. and called it Idolatrie 3. That he denied the reall presence And exhorted him to recant and to returne to his Romish Church Whereto when M. Philpot had shewed that he was not out of the church that he had not spoken against the masse nor sacrament of the Altar He was once againe dismissed till the sixtéenth day of the same moneth on which day when neither threatninges nor faire allurementes could mooue him The B. after he had brought foorth a certaine instrument containing articles and questions agréed vppon both in Oxforde and Cambridge and had exhibited two bookes in print the one the Catechisme made in King Edwardes dayes anno 1552. The other concerning the true reporte of the disputation in the Conuocation house which Philpot acknowledged to bée his penning without any iust cause he could pretend against him by forme of lawe Boner condemneth Philpot procéeded to his tyrannical sentence of condemnation so commited him to the Sheriffe whose officers led him away And in Pater noster row his seruaunt méeting him lamented to whom Philpot said content thy selfe I shal do well ynough thou shalt sée me againe So the officers had maister Philpot to Newgate whom Alexander the kéeper vsed very rigorously and would not strike off his yrons vnder foure pound but put him in Limbo Whereof the Sheriffe vnderstanding caused Alexander to vse him more gently Vpon Tuesday at supper being the 17. of December he had worde from the Sheriffe to prepare himselfe for the next day he should be burned Maister Philpot answered and said I am readie God graunt me strength and a ioyfull resurrection In the morning the sherifes came about viij of the clocke and called for him and hee most ioyfully came down vnto them When he was entred into Smithfield because the way was foule two Officers tooke him vp to bear him to the stake To whom he said merily what will you make me a Pope I am content to goe vnto my Iourneyes ende on my feete But first comming to Smithfielde M. Philpot payeth his vowes in Smithfield hée there knéeled downe vpon his knées saying with a loude voice these wordes I wil pay my vowes in thée O Smithfield When he was come to the place where he should suffer he kissed the stake and said Shal I disdaine to suffer at this stake séeing my Redéemer did not refuse to suffer most vile death on the crosse for me Then méekely he said the 10. 107. and 108. Psalmes The fire being put vnto him hee yelded his soule vnto God whose trueth he had witnessed the eyghtéenth day of December He wrote many fruitfull Letters Anno. 1556. 1556 Seuen persons burned together in Smithfield To beginne the new yere withall about the xxvij of Ianuarie were burned in Smithfield these seuē persons following Thomas Whittle Priest Bartlet Green Gentleman Iohn Tudson Artificer Iohn Went Artificer Thomas Browne Elizabeth Foster wife Ioane Warren alias Lashford maide all together in one fire The Articles obiected against them were touching the seuen Sacramēts the Sacrifice of the Masse the Sea of Rome c. Thomas Whittle was apprehended by one Edmund Alabaster and caried to the Bishop of Winchester lying sick hoping to be preferred for his diligence but the Bishop repulsed him So he was had to Boner who did beate buffet him and cast him into prison D. Harpsfielde offered him a Bill to subscribe vnto consisting of generall tearmes the rather to deceiue Whittle So he subscribed but afterwarde felt such horror in his conscience that he could not be in quiet till he had gotten his bill againe T. Whittle repenteth and is condemned T. Whittles Letters and rent away his name from it So the Bishoppe condemned him after many perswasions to haue made him recant and committed him to the Secular power He wrote diuers Letters of comforte and exhortation The next day after was Bartlet Greene condemned He had béene Student in Oxford and there by hearing the lectures of Peter Martir hee came to haue knowledge of the trueth Afterward he was Student of the common lawes in the Temple The cause of his first trouble was an answere to a letter of Master Goodmans banished at that time beyonde the Seas Wherein hee wrote that Quéene Marie was not dead whereof Master Goodman desired to bee satisfied These Letters came into the Counsels handes and they would haue made treason thereof if the lawes would haue serued But after they had long deteyned him in the tower and elswhere they sent him to Bishop Boner to be ordered after their Ecclesiasticall manner Against whom Sir Iohn Bourne then Secretarie to the Quéene was a principall dooer The xvij of Nouember at two of the clock in the after noone he was presented before the Bishop of London and two other Bishops Master Deane M. Roper M. Welch Doctor Harpsfielde D. Dale Master George Mordant and Master Dee Before whom after he had shewed the cause
to giue him entertainment in Duresme house and to furnish him with Bookes and necessaries méete for the busines who prouided for him accordingly So doctor Cranmer wrote his minde concerning the kinges question adding to the same besydes the authoritie of Scripture of general counsails and auncient fathers also his owne opinion that the Pope could not dispence with the word of God Wherupon the king sent certaine learned mē abroad to the most part of the Vniuersities in Christendome to dispute the question Embassage to Rome concerning the kings diuorce as also in Oxford Cambridge wher the vnlawfulnes of the matrimonie was concluded so that the K. prepared a solemne embassage sent to the B. of Rome then lying at Bononie whither went the Earle of Wiltshire Doctor Cranmer Doctor Stokesley Doctor Corne Doctor Bennet and diuers other learned men and gentlemen who when they came before the Pope hee sitting in the chaire of estate offered his foot but none would kisse it sauing a great spaniell of the Earle of Wiltshires who ran tooke the P. by the great toe None would kisse the Popes foot but a great spaniel of the Earle of Wiltshires ran to take the Pope by the toe Cranmer goeth to the Emperour Cranmer satisfyeth Cornelius Agryppa caused him to pul it in in hast In the end the Embassadours were dismissed without disputation D. Cranmer gratified with the office of a penitenciariship Wherupon the Earle and the other commissioners returned againe into England but D. Cranmer went to the Emperour being in his iourney towardes Vienna against the Turke there to answere such men of his court as could say any thing on the contrary part Where he fully satisfyed Cornelius Agrippa an high officer in the Emp. court for which cause Cornelius fel into such displeasure with the Emp his M. that he was committed to prison where for sorow he ended his life From the Emper. court he departed as he returned he satisfied diuers learned men in Germany in that question In the meane space while the matter thus prospered B. Warrham the Arcb. dieth and the Archbishopricke was bestowed immediatly on Cranmer Cranmer made Archb. by the kings gift In which place he behaued himselfe with great liking to the king who would heare no accusation against him and all good men After the death of king Henry in the raign of king Edw. his godsonne K. Edward godsonne to Cranmer his estate was more aduanced Before which time of King Edward it séemed that Cranmer was scarce throughly perswaded in the right knowledge of the Sacrament til being instructed by Ridley he grew so ripe that he tooke vpon him the whole defence of the cause against the popish deuises To whose booke concerning that matter Stephen Gardiner answereth and M. Cranmer replieth learnedly and copiously to him againe Of this Archb. doing was also the booke of the reformation Bookes of Cranmer the Catechisme with the booke of Homilies Also there was a confutation against 88. articles deuised by the Conuocation house of his doing but not receiued in the time of king Henry the 8. King Edward now not like to liue bequeathed the succession of the Realm to the Lady Iane niece to to king Henry the 8. by his sister with the consent of the Counsel Lawyers fearing least Mary should alter religion but Cranmer Cranmer not brought to it against his cōscience wald hardly be brought to assent til he was informed by the lawyers that he might subscribe therevnto King Edward being now dead and Quéene Mary in possession of the crowne she excepted Cranmer out of all pardon and would not so much as vouchsafe to sée him but committed him to the tower yet pardoned him of treason and caused him to be accused of heresie The papists had raised a slaunder that the Archbishoppe had promised to saye a Dyrge masse for King Edwardes funeral to curry fauour of the Quéene which he endeuouring to stay gaue forth in writing his purgation and was challenged of the Quéens cōmissioners for his bil To whō he said he was sory it passed him so as it did for he graunted a copie to Doctor Story who did disperse it for his meaning was to haue made it more at large and to haue set it on Paules Church doore and on the doores of all the Churches in London with his seale set thereto At which words they for the time dismissed him At length it was determined that Cranmer shoulde bée remoued from the Tower to Oxford there to be disputed with for colour sake although they had determined what to do with him before Forasmuch as the sentence giuen against Ridley and Latimer by D. Weston was voide because the authority of the Pope was not yet receiued into the land there was a new commission sent from Rome and a new processe framed for the conuiction of Ridley Latimer Cranmer In the which commission was D. Iames Brooks B. of Glocester the popes subdelegate with Doctor Martin and Doctor Story commissioners in the king and Quéenes behalfe These commissioners being set in place in the Church of S. Mary in Oxford one of the Popes Proctors or els his D. called saying Tho. archb of Canterbury appeare here make answere to that shal be laide to thy charge that is to say for blasphemy contumacie and heresie and make aunswere here to the B. of Glocester representing the Popes person He being brought néerer the scaffold where the Bishoppes sate Cranmer wold do no reuerēce to the Popes subdelegate gaue reuerence to the Quéenes proctors but would not to the Bishop who represented the Pope alleaging he had taken an oath neuer to consent to his authority again When after many meanes vsed the Archb. would do no reuerence the Bishop fell to declare vnto him the cause of their comming and their commission exhorting him with a long Oration to returne to the Popish church Who hauing finished his Oration D Martin beginneth and declareth vnto him as much Who hauing also finished doctor Cranmer after he had knéeled downe on both his knées towardes the West and saide the Lordes praier and rising vp had repeated the Articles of the beléefe began to make profession of his faith vnto them and protested against the popes authoritie and chalenged the B. of periurie for admitting the Pope contrarie to his oath After Glocester had done D. Story then entereth to vexe the seruant of God and laboureth to vphold the Popes Supremacie and required the Bishoppe to make a directe answere to the Articles After he had played his part Doctor Martin taketh him in hand and laboureth to prooue his oth made to the king against the Pope vnlawfull In the end the Iudges willed him to answere directly to certaine Articles Whereto after the Archbishop had answered the Bishop Brookes concludeth his examination with an Oration to satisfie the people geuing the Archbishop vp hee said as an abiect and outcast
taken in the night by maister Tamages men because hée woulde not goe to Church Adam Foster Adam Foster of the age of sixe and twentie yeres husbandman dwelling in Mendlesham in Suffolke was taken at his owne house by the Constables of the Towne George Kiuert and Thomas Mouse and carryed to Syr Iohn Tyrrell aforesaid knight who sent him to Aye dungeon and from thence to Norwich where hée was condemned of the Bishoppe Hopton Robert Lawson Rob. Lawson a single man of thirtye yeeres a linnen Weauer was apprehended in the night by one Robert Keerich at the commaundement of Sir Iohn Tyrrel aforesaid and sent to Norwich and then was there condemned of the Bishop These 3. were after they were condemned had to Berrie where they chéerefully and ioyfully suffered for the testimony of Iesus Bernard being threatned at Norwich of the priests whipping burning stocking and such like to terrifie him when flattery would not serue said vnto them Friends I am not better then my maister Christ and the prophets which your fathers serued after such sort and I for his names sake am content to suffer the like at your hands A worthy answere of the martyr if God shall so permit trusting that he will strengthen me in the same according to his promise in spite of the Diuell and all his ministers The 20. of Aprill the same Bishop had before him one Iohn Fortune otherwise called Cutler of Hintlesham in Suffolke a blacke smith a man in spirit zealous and ardent in the scriptures ready in Christes cause stoute valiant in his answeres maruellous patient in suffering and constant in the doctrine of the Gospel Him the B. of Norwich very likely condemned also after diuers examinations Whether he died in the fire or otherwise was preuented by death it is vncertaine But his sentence of condemnation was drawne and registred About this time the first of Iuly died one Iohn Careles Iohn Careles a worthy confessor of Couentry a weauer in the Kings bench after long imprisonment the space of two yéeres In which captiuity first being in Couentry gaole he was there in such credite with his kéeper that vpon his worde onelie hée was let out to plaie in the Pageant about the Cittie with other his companions and that done keeping trueth with his keeper returned agayne into prison at his houre appointed After that béeing brought vp to London hée shewed such patience and constant fortitude that hee longed for nothing more earnestly then to come to the promotion to dye in the fire for the profession of his fayth but hee was preuented by death in the prison through sicknes and was buried on a dunghill in the fieldes In the mean time that he was in the kings bench he was in great perturbation of minde and conscience wherevppon hée wrote to maister Philpot then beeing in the Cole-house and receyued from him a comfortable letter Hée had béen examined of Doctor Martin who vrged him to detect his fellowes and reasoned with him about Predestination cauilling and scoffingly Hée was a man of a most heauenly spirite and wrote diuers letters to sundry afflicted then for the Gospel Iohn Careles letters as to Philpot to Bradford to maister Greene maister Whitle M. Timmes Henry Adlington c. a great number The same moneth of Iuly suffered at Newbery 3. godly and constant martirs of Christ Iulius Palmer Iohn Guin Thomas Askine Iulius Palmer Iohn Guin Th. Askin Iulius Palmer was sometime a Student and felow of Magdalen Colledge in Oxford and afterward Schoolemaster in the Towne of Reding He was borne in Couentrée and before his calling to the knowledge of the trueth a great aduersarie to the Gospel and a contemner of the ministers of the trueth In so much as hee was expelled his Colledge in the end of king Edwards daies for popery Iul. Palmer expulsed his Colledge in K. Edwardes time for poperie So that for his maintenance he was faine to apply himself to teach children in the house of Sir Fraunces Knolles In which trade he continued til the comming of Q. Marie In whose daies he was restored againe to his place by her Visitors Where being placed a while and vnderstanding the cruell dealing of the Papistes against the seruantes of God and séeing their constancie in the hearing of diuers of his friends he burst out into these words or such like Oh raging crueltie O tirannie tragicall and more then barbarous From that day forward he studiously sought to vnderstand the trueth and seriously studied P. Martires Commētaries vpon the first to the Corinthians And at length grew vp in such ripenes of the trueth that he spared not to declare certaine sparkes thereof in his outward behauiour and doings Wherefore being abhorred of diuers especially of M. Cole the President which were before his friends hée addressed himselfe to depart the house And being demaunded by a friend of his how he woulde liue answered The earth is the Lords and the fulnes thereof c. After the geuing ouer of his Felowship he was placed by Patent Schoolemaster at Reding and there was accepted of those that feared God But there hee remayned not long For certain dissembling Hipocrites who pretending zeale to the Gospel crept into familiaritie with him and in his absence spared not to rifle his Studie and writings Among which was his Replication to Meruines verses touching Winchesters Epitaph and other Arguments both in Latine and English against the Popes procéedings and especially against their brutish tyrannie towardes the seruants of God Which these companions hauing found did threaten him that except he would geue vp his schoole to a friend of theirs Thomas Thackam Th. Thackam a false dissembling hipocrite a false dissembling knaue and a chéefe woorker of his death they woulde deliuer those his writings to the Counsell Whereupon for sauegarde of his life he was forced to depart vpon the sodaine and tooke his iorney towardes Euesham where his mother dwelt Hoping to receiue of her certaine Legacies by his Fathers will due vnto him certaine yeares before Who so soone as he came to his mother and asked her blessing she cursed him vpbrayding him with his forsaking of Oxforde and his comming from Reding She threatning him fire and fagagotte The mother threatneth her sonne Iulius Palmer with fire and fagot in steade of his Legacies So being destitute of all worldly helpe he aduised himselfe to goe closely to Reading there to receiue his quarters stipende which he lefte vnreceiued at his departure and to conuey from thence his stuffe Which he did not so secretly but that he was espied and there by meanes of one Master Hampton a false hypocrite vnder pretence of friendshippe he was betrayed and within short space was taken at the signe of the Cardinals hatte in Reading and was put into a vile stinking and blinde Dungeon Where tenne dayes he hanged by the handes and féete so high that welnéere no part of
How the temporalties of the clergy should bee bestowed eadem Boniface impudēt in selling of pardons 404 Order against the Schisme eadem P. Gregorie the 12. 305 P. Gregory periured ead 200000. Christians slaine in a popish quarrell ead The K. writeth to the P. ead Pope Alexander 5. 306 Three popes together ead Pope Iohn 23. eadem Iohn Husse eadem Appeale better aduised ead Pope Iohn bendeth all his power against the Bohemians eadem The tolling of Auies 307 40. daies pardon for saying of Auies eadem Steeple belles and organes suspended eadem Contention for litter ead Penance for bringing litter in sackes and not in cartes eadem A bill put into the Parlement to take temporalties from the clergie 308 The kinds of popish feastes 310 Notes of principall soules feasts eadem Lord Cobham 311 Inquisitors for heresie ead Processe to L. Cobham ead Lord Cobhams answere to the king 312 Pope knowne by the scriptures to be Antichrist ead The king forsaketh L. Cobham eadem Confession of L. Cobhams faith 313 L. Cobham arrested by the kings cōmandement 314 L. Cobhams answere ead L. Cobham mocked 315 L. Cobham condemned ead A worthy martyr eadem Lord Cobham escapeth 316 36. martyrs eadem Thomas Arūdell dieth ead Henry Chichesley eadem Eate not tast not touch not 317 Craft of the clergy eadem Husse accused eadem Husse excommunicated for an heretike eadem Persecution in Boheme 318 Prage deuided 319 The people against the Prelates eadem None to control Husse ead A Councell at Constance to pacifie the schisme of three popes 320 A councell lasted 4. yeares had 45. sessions eadem Coūcell ought to iudge the pope eadem The pope repenteth wel doing eadem 40. articles against P. Iohn 321 Pope Martin eadem The Emperour leadeth the popes horse eadem The popes Indulgence ead 3940. Prelates at the Councell 322 450. cōmon womē belonging to the Councell ead Good testimony of Iohn Husse eadem Wenecelate de Duba 323 Iohn de Clum eadem I. Husse commeth to Constance eadem I. Husse kept in prison 324 I. Husse falleth sicke ead Articles against Husse ead An aduocat denied to Husse 325 Husse cruelly hādled in prison eadem The Emperor breaketh promise with Husse 326 Husse aunswereth for himselfe 327 Husse appeareth again ead Husse not suffered to proceed in his answere 382 39. articles against Husse eadem Articles auowed of Husse 329 Iohn Husse will not recant eadem The Emp. against Husse ead Husse disgraded condēned and deliuered to the seculars 331 Husse appealeth to christ ead Husse derided for praying for his enimies 332 The courage of Husse eadē The Bishops cruelty against Husse eadem The behauiour of Husse at his death 333 The ashes of Husse cast into the Rhine 334 Treatises of Husse in prison eadem Hierome of Prage commeth to Constance eadem Treason against Hierome of Prage 335 Ierom carried to prison ead Peter the notary Vitus ea Ierome falleth sicke 336 Ierome abiureth eadem New accusations against Ierome eadem D. Naso a great enimy to Ierome eadem New articles against Ierom. 337 Ierome constant eadem Ierō grieuously fettered ead Ierome prophecieth eadem Ierome condemned 338 Ierome singeth after his cōdemnation eadem Ierome singeth at the stake eadem Letters of the nobles of Boheme to the counsel sealed with 54. seales 339 Iohn Claidon eadem Richard Turming eadem The lantern of light 340 The causes of persecutiō ead Sharp constitutions 341 Iohn Barton Robert Chappel eadem Chappel submitteth eadem Articles inioined Chap. ead Diuers caused to abiure 342 Collection to mainteine the popes warre against the Bohemians eadem William Clerke eadem William Russell eadem Radulph Mungin eadem Kent wel affected 343 The L. Powes taketh the L. Oldcastle in Wales 364 L. Cobham condēned ead All mischiefe imputed to the Lollards ead Bohemians cited to the coūcell at Constance eadem Lawes to bridle the Bohemians ead 75000. li. the P. goods 345 The Iewes offer their ceremonies to the pope ead Pope threateneth the Bohemians eadem Yeerely memoriall for the death of Iohn Husse and Ierome of prage ead Monasteries suppressed ead Captaine Nicholas ead The king threatneth Nicholas eadem The kings cruel determination disappoynted by his owne death 346 Zisca eadem Tabor builded by Zisca ead Zisca putteth the Emperor to flight 337 Zisca loseth his eye eadem Iohan. Premōstratensis his cōpanions put to death ea Dissention betwixt prage Zisca 348 Reconciliation ead Zisca dieth ead The epitaph of zisca eadem Zisca buried in a hallowed place in despite of the P. 349 The popes bull against the partakers of Wickliffe Husse or Hierome eadem Procopius eadem Conradus ead Orphans ead 3. armies flie before they see their enimies 350 40000. horse against the protestants 351 The popish army flee before they see their enimies ead 50. towns destroyed ead Councel at Basill ead Ambassage of the Bohemiās to Basill 352 Peter an English man ead Foure poyntes wherein the Bohemians dissent frō the church of Rome ead A disputation continued fifty dayes eadem Henry the 5. prince of priests 353 The names of Archb. of Cāterbury ead William Taylor 354 William Taylor recāted ead Foure heretical points of W. Taylor 355 William Taylor condemned and burned ead Iohn Florence eadem I. Florence his articles ead Submission 356 Penance eadem Richard Belward eadem His articles eadem Iohn god de Cell eadem Sir Hen. Pie eadem William White priest 357 Great vexatiō for the truth of Christ eadem Father Abraham 358 William White priest ead Iohn Weddon priest ead Many abiure eadem William White Wickliffes scholler 359 White burnt in Norwich ea Crueltie eadem Richard Houedon 360 Th. Baghley Paul Craw. ea Thomas Rhedon burned at Rome eadem Pope Eugenius ead Persecution about germany 361 Eugenius began the coūcell at Basil ead Order for the times of general councels ead The troublesō councel at Basil continued 17. yeres ead Contention between the P. the fathers of the coūcel 362 Nicholaus Casnanus 363 Eugenius pronoūced an heretike relapse ead 8. verities ead Disputation of sixe daies against Eugenius 364 Panormitan defender of Eugenius ead Iohn Segonius ead Panormitane wil haue the P. Lord of the church 365 Seruant of seruants the most honourable title of the pope ead The councel aboue the P. ea Card. Arelatensis 366 Great discord in the Councel 367 Nicholas Amici ead Panormitan obstinate ead Policie of Arelatensis 368 Arelatensis concludeth ead Bishop of Lubeck 369 B. of Lubeck fauoureth the trueth 370 Promoter of the faith 371 Prayers with teares 372 The princes ambassadoures yelded ead Eugenius deposed 373 Death of pestilence at the Councel ead Oath of the Electors to the pope ead The manner of choosing the pope 374 Amideus Duke of Sauoy eadem Sigismund dieth 375 Rochezanus dieth eadem Disputations vpon the Bohemians articles eadem Vincelaus eadem Vldericus eadem Peter Paine eadem Rhagusius eadem The Bohemiās offēded ead Popish disputers
Oskitellus hauing his sea in the Cathedrall Church there of S. Peter after he had first assaied the Canons and priests by faire meanes to become monkes and not preuailing néere to the same Church of S. Peter in the Churchyard he builded another Church of our Lady which when he had replenished with monks there he continually frequented and so the people left the other Church naked Wherevpon the priests did eyther become monks or depart from the place So did Ethelwold driue out the Canons and priests from the new monasterie in Winchester afterward called Hida and placed his monks The cause was pretēded for that they were thought slacke and negligent in their Church seruice and set in Vicars in their stéed Then the K. gaue to the same Vicars the land which belonged before to the Prebendaries who also not long after shewed them selues as negligent as the other Wherefore king Edgar by the consent of Pope Iohn voyded cléerelie the Priestes and ordeyned there Monkes Which Monkes did greatly differ and doe at this day disagrée with the auncient Monkes of olde time that were Lay men onely The new mōks differ from the olde who were lay men and were forbidden by the Councell of Chalcedon in any sorte to deale with matters of the Church and were such as by the Tyranny of Persecution were either constrained to hide themselues in solitarie places or els of their owne voluntarie deuotion withdrewe themselues from company hauing nothing proper of their owne or all things common with other Afterward Bonifacius the fourth made a decrée Anno 606. that Monkes might vse the office of preachyng of baptizing and hearing confession and assoiling them of their sinnes and in processe of time they so incroched vpon the office of ministers that at length priestes were discharged out of their cathedrall Churches and Monkes placed in their roomes King Edgar a mainteiner of learning King Edgar was a great mainteiner of religion and learning To auoid excessiue drinking by the example of the Danes which dwelt in diuerse places of the realme he ordained certaine cups with pinnes or nailes set in them adding thereto a law that what person did drinke past that mark at one draught should forfeite a certaine pennie the halfe part whereof should fall to the accuser the other to the ruler of the towne where the offence was done He was a noble Prince wise and victorious but fauoured the monkish superstition ouermuch and is reported by some to haue builded so many monasteries for them as there are Sundaies in the yéere or as Edmer reporteth 48. 48. monasteries builded by K. Edgar Notwithstanding he was much giuen to adulterie and fornication and vsed among others Egelfleda or Elfleda called the white daughter of Duke Odorere of whom he begate Edward in bastardie for the which he was enioyned by Dunstan seuen yeres penance and kept back from his Coronation so long till the one and thirtie yere of his age anno 974 although he began his Raigne at sixtéene His penance appoynted by Dunstane The K. enioyned penance by Dunstan was that he should weare on his head no crowne for the space of seuen yeares that he should fast twise in the wéeke that he should distribute the tribute left him by his ancesters liberally vnto the poore that he should build a Monasterie of Nuns at Shaftsburie Moreouer he should expell Clarkes of euill life meaning such Priestes as had wiues and children out of Churches and places couents of Monkes c. He raigned sixtéene yeeres was crowned onely thrée yeeres He adopted to succéede him Edward that was borne of the harlot Among other lawes of this king he ordained that the Sunday should be solemnized from Saturday at nine of the clocke till Munday morning The Saboth to be solemnised from Saturday nine of the clocke till Munday morning By reason of the displacing of the Priestes before there arose a great contention after Edgars death one part standing with them so that they called also the crowne in question another part fauouring Edward Great strife betwixt priests and monkes the other Egfride the lawfull sonne in which sturre Dunstan Archbishop of Canterburie and Oswald of Yorke with diuerse other Bishops Dukes and Lordes assembled a Councell where Dunstan comming with his crosse in his hand and bringing Edward with him so perswaded the Lordes that Edward was receiued king whom Dunstan hoped would become a patron of Monkery and aduaunce that estate but it fell out contrary to his expectation For shortly after the coronation Duke Alferus of Mercia droue out the Monkes from the Cathedrall Churches and restored the Priestes with their wiues In the end vpon this controuersie was holden a Councell of Bishops and other of the Clergie first at Winchester where the greater part of nobles commons iudged the Priests to haue great wrong and sought by all meanes to redresse it anno 977. Yet notwithstanding the strife ceased not in so much that a new assembly of clergy men other was appointed afterward in a place called the stréete of Calue where the Councell was kept on an vpper loft where diuerse cōplaints were made against Dunstan but he preuailed notwithstanding Not long after about the fourth yéere he was slaine with a dagger drinking on horsebacke by the procurement of the mother of Egelred whom he came to visite his brother her sonne Egelred He was buried not beyng knowne who he was at the towne of Warham thrée yéeres after was taken vp by Duke Alfere and with honor was remooued to the Minster of Shaftsbury there bestowed in the place called Edwardstow This Edward they hold for a martyr and say that the Quéene in repentance of her fact builded after two nunneries one at Amesbury by Salisbury the other at Werewell where she kept her selfe in continuall repentance all the dayes of her life Him succéeded Egelredus his brother Pope Iohn the thirtinth of whom Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury receiued his pall is noted to be monstrously vitious A monsterous vitious pope he was an whoremaster adulterous incestuous libidinous a gamester an extorcioner periured a fighter a murtherer cruell and tyrannous of his Cardinals some he put out their eies from some he cut out their tounges some their fingers some their noses c. In a generall councell before Otho the first Emperour of the Germanes these obiections were articulate against him first that he neuer said his seruice that in saying his Masse he did not communicate that he ordained Deacons in a stable that hée committed incest with two of his sisters that playing at dice he called for the Diuell to help that for mony he made boies bishops that he defloured virgins and straungers that of the palace of Laterane he made a stewes that he lay with Stephana his fathers concubine likewise with Ramera and with Anna and her néece that he put out the eies of bishop Benedict that he caused houses to