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A55623
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An essay on the coin and commerce of the kingdom trade and treasure (which are twins) being the only supporters thereof next to religion and justice.
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Praed, John.
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1695
(1695)
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Wing P3163A; ESTC R221798
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53,333
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71
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elegantly goes on begirt with Walls whose Bullder was the hand Heaven whereon there daily rides a Navy Royal whose unconquerable Power proclaims her Prince invincible and whispers sad despair into the fainting heart of Foreign Majesty Het Prince might say to us concerning the Empire as Joshua did to the Children of Israel concerning Canaan How long are you slack to go to possess the Land which the Lord God of your Fathers hath given you IX But there are three principal things which in Martial as well as civil Policy are first to be better regarded than they are viz. Religion Trade and Justice By Religion I mean that which so effectually provides for all those advantages to Mankind Dec. of Piet. P. 2. which the wisest of Men's Laws have in vain attempted That Christ came to introduce Religion which consults not only the co-eternal Salvation of Men's Souls Sermon on Luke 9. v. 55 56. but their temporal peace and security their comfort and happiness in this World and as Mr. Fleetwood saith in his Sermon against Clipping if there appears but little Christianity in such a Sermon it will be to such as consider not how great a Part Justice and Honesty and fair and righteous dealing make up of Divine Religion Sir Walter Rawleigh saith In his Rules for preserving the State that The first and principal Rule of Policy is the practice of Religion and the Cardinal de Richlien in his Political Testament calls it the Establishment of the Reign of God By Trade I mean such a free and full manufactured Trade which the Romans by all possible Arts ascended to e'er they ascended to the heighth of Empire whose Steps the French lately endeavoured to follow by all means imaginable and for the self same end and not such a Trade for which this Nation became so renowned as Glaucus is in Homer for changing Armour with Diomedes with such palpable disadvantage that Proverbs came of it And by Justice I mean not summum jus summa Injuria but * the Policy of English Government Prol. to Hist Disc which so far as is praise worthy is all one with Divine Providence Such Justice as honours the Religion and advanceth the Interest and Trade of the Nation that is such Righteous Judgment as God Almighty himself at first commanded Judges and Officers shalt thou make such as shall judge the People with righteous Judgment The summum jus of this Nation is of Humnut and I think of Norman Institution and it is yet known and perhaps may never be forgotten that from the fury of the Normans was added to our Ancestor's Common-Prayer against Plague Pestilence and Famine William the Conquerour Jehu like drove out the Laws of King Edward then in use Bak. Chron. Pag 28. contrary to his Coronation Oath and in their stead brought in the Laws of Normandy commanding them to be written in French as also that all Causes should be pleaded and all matters of Form disputized in French upon a pretence to dignifie the French Tongue but it was with a purpose to intrap Men through the Ignorance of the Language as indeed it did And whereas before P. 29. the Bishop and the Aldermen were the absolute Judges to determine all business in every Shire and the Bishop in many Cases shared in the benefit of the Mulct with the King he confined the Clergy within the Province of their own Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction And whereas the Causes of the Kingdom were before determined in every Shire and by a Law of King Edward in a Conventicle held Monthly in every Hundred he ordained that four times in the Year for certain days the same business should be determin'd in such places as he should appoint And finally he ordained his Council of State his Chancery and his Exchequer X. But Edward III. the most Generous Magnanimous Honourable and Heroick Prince of all his Race and Predecessors having due regard to Religion Grievances Trade and Justice and therein to Martial Policy and Discipline ordain'd and in some Respects contrary to his Interests That no Peter pence should be paid to the Pope of Rome that the Service of God being perfect freedom his People of England might say their Pater-noster without paying the Penny for it That no Wool growing within this Realm should be transported but that it should be made into Cloth in England That the Walloons should be permitted to Live Work and Trade amongst us and be naturalized against the Act. That 〈…〉 which weâ—â— before in French should be made in English that the Cliche might understand the Course of the Law A blessed Act saith my Author and worthy so great a King who if he could thereby render it also perspicuous plain easie and short it would be a Work of Eternal Honour to him and everlasting Interest to the Nation XI But our People being a Rebellious People and undeserving of such excellent Princes as Edward III. Henry V. and Queen Eliz. by the Providence of God took from them as it did from Judah and Jerusalem the Mighty Man the Man of War the Prudent the Elegant Orater the Cunning Artificer the Counsellor and the Judge so that the People were oppressed every one by another and every one by his Neighbour and their Tongues and their doings being against the Lord the Reâ—â—â—â—d of their own hands was given unto them XII Yet still the Providence of God espousing us as it did the Jews or rather as Dr. Soâ—â—â— saith as Socrates espoused Xantippe to exercise his Patience without He hath now sent us a King of Kings who at his first coming to the Imperial Crown of England proposed against his own present and private Interest the Balance of the Trade of this Nation well knowing the nature of this Kingdom for advantageous Commerce and that a good Father of his Country as well as of his Family will be Vendacem and not Emâ—cem as Sir Robert Cotton saith of him And indeed so much and much more were in Civil Opinion and Martial Policy to be expected from such a Puissant Prince whose Godly Generous Noble and Resolute Race especially from William I. to William III. hath been a successful Series of essential Sincerity towards Religion Grievances Trade and Justice XIII His late Princely and Pious Consort now a Queen of Heaven was an enamoured Lover of Religion and Justice to the eternal Honour of her Majestick and Immortal Memory And since she had laid such excellent Designs for both I hope the Omnipotence of God Almighty will see them finished by means of her Royal and most excellent Survivor for his Name sake XIV The Seat of Government is upheld by the Two great Pillar thereof Rawl Remark P. 153. Civil Justice and Martial Policy which were framed out of the Husbandry Merchandise and Gentry of this Kingdom They say that the goodliest Cedars which grow on the high Mountains of Libanus thrust their Roots between the Cliffs of hard Rocks the better
AN ESSAY ON THE Coin and Commerce OF THE KINGDOM Trade and Treasure Which are Twins Being the only SUPPORTERS thereof NEXT TO Religion and Justice For the Merchandize of it is better than the Merchandize of Silver and the Gain thereof than fine Gold LONDON Printed and Published for the Consideration of the Present and Future Sessions of Parliament 1695. To the High Court of Parliament and particularly to the Grand Committee of Trade appointed Mart. 19 Feb. 94. to sit every Tuesday Thursday and Saturday in the Afternoon and to the Honourable Committee appointed to receive Proposals for prevention of Clipping and Coining SIRS SInce I expose the following Particulars for the Publick Good and do most humbly submit them to your Honourable Protection I hope no particular Person will be displeased with me for relating only what some others think fit to say c. PART I. I. SOmetimes before the late Revolution I have heard the S AVH of some other Countries compare the English in many parallel respects to the Jews and Greeks Two Nations very honourable and brave in their Ancestry but Ignoble and Base in the Degeneracy of their Descendants for which they now both suffer both under a Heathen and a Christian Yoke from which Good Lord deliver us And it should be the oftner in our Litany because the Wise Venetians more worthily than the others do value themselves on a prospect of futurity at a very great distance and will never in their Senate enact any thing as to day until they consider and see what will come of it to morrow c. II. The Form and State of the Jewish Government was often chang'd its Lustre obscured and its Puissance and Grandeur lessen'd and impair'd according to the Degrees of the People's Transgressions Who drew Iniquity with Cords of Vanity and sinned as it were with a Cart-rope For which their Silver was turned into Dross and their Justice into Wormwood their Cities were burned with Fire their Lands Strangers devoured it in their presence the People were oppressed every one by another and the rewards of their own hands were given them And at last they were entirely left without a Sceptre and brought under the Roman Yoke as our Religion had lately been had not the Providence of God protected it by means of his Heroick and most Excellent Majesty and his late most religious and Royal Consort of Famous and Everlasting Memory III. And as the Jews were so were the Greeks who became first so careless of their Honour and afterwards of their Countrey 's minding at last only their private Interest that when they lost Coiro Docastron they laugh'd at it and slightingly said by way of Preface and Introduction to their future Misfortune and Distress That it signify'd but as the words do a Pig-stye But soon after the Turks taught them by woful Experience to understand what it is not to understand and redress Grievances in their prime before they come to an irreparable pass IV. The great Grievances which now we all complain of and not a little but much too late are our Clipp'd Silver and Dross-money and our decay of Treasure and Trade together And since four such sad Calamities have befallen this Kingdom in such a time of War let us first enquire into the Causes of them the knowledge of the Cause being the first step to the Care Now the general Cause of so general a Calamity not altogether unlike that of the Jews and Greeks both in Cause and Effect must needs be first our general Degeneracy and our little regard to Religion Grievances Trade and Justice for which there are appointed four principal Committees at the opening of every Sessions of Parliament V. * And here it may be noted that the Dutch c. have of late Years exhausted both Money and Goods from us and have paid us for both but in our own Coin I mean 〈◊〉 Money as they Coined and Clipped for such kind of Commerce A particular and a very considerable Cause of the decay of our Treasure in general I mean of our Money and Manufacture is the Over balance of Trade which the greatest part of the Wiser World have long since gained from us and whereby they have exhausted our Treasure either in Bills Money Bullyon or Goods which as some of them especially have managed the Matter hath been almost equal gain to them and the like loss to us For if for instance we import one Year with another Goods to the value of Three Millions Sterling and do export Goods but to the value of Two Millions the Nation must yearly lose a Million one way or another and will be in the same State and Condition of a Gentlemen that spends Fifteen hundred Pounds a Year out of a Thousand Pounds per Annum if Matters be not remedied In Edward the Third's time the English had the Over-balance of Trade in their favour and that King having prohibited the Exportation of our Wool ordained new Coin for Conveniency c. having the Advantage of War by that Advantage of Trade and having many Voluntiers for Men's Courage sympathize with their Coin as it is base or noble invaded France with a Valiant and Victorious Army and was the first King that Quarter'd the Arms of France with those of England England under Queen Elizabeth had likewise great Advantages in War with Spain c. by means of the Advantage it then also had in Trade as well as it hath by Nature and Situation But in the four latter Reigns which succeeded hers and preceeded his present Majesty's in a slothful and drowsie Peace as my Lord Bacon calls it in his Advancement of Learning the Princes and their People like one another neglecting first the Reformed Religion next the Justice then the Trade and at last the Treasure of the Nation as well as the State of War which Queen Elizabeth left it in did lose in general not only their Courage but so much of their Coin and other Treasure as would non-plus the Arithmetick of Archimedes who undertook to write the number of the Sands to cast up an Account thereof For the most modest Computations do reckon from Matters of the most Infallible Fact that from the First of King James the First to the last of King James the Second this Nation lost one Year with another above Two Millions Sterling by Trading only with two or three other Nations on unequal and disadvantageous Terms And King Charles the Second was made so sensible by Mr. Fortrey and others of the vast Advantage which the French then had of us by our so disadvantageous Trading with them in particular that he promised the Nation a Council of Trade consisting of some of the Principal Merchants of each Company of some of the best qualified Gentlemen in the Kingdom and for the greater Honour thereof some of His Majesties own Privy Council but he promised like a Merchant c. And if One hundred Pounds As Sir