Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	bishop_n	king_n	matter_n	1,577	5	5.6457	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64308	An introduction to the history of England by Sir William Temple, Baronet.	Temple, William, Sir, 1628-1699.	1695 (1695)	Wing T638; ESTC R14678	83,602	334

foreign_a birth_n yet_o so_o far_o gain_v the_o general_a affection_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o commoner_n of_o the_o realm_n who_o ask_v nothing_o but_o security_n in_o their_o estate_n and_o property_n that_o no_o commotion_n afterward_o raise_v by_o the_o noble_n and_o clergy_n against_o his_o government_n though_o in_o favour_n of_o a_o better_a right_n and_o title_n be_v ever_o support_v by_o the_o commons_o who_o compose_v the_o mass_n and_o bulk_n of_o a_o nation_n and_o who_o general_a good_a or_o ill_a humour_n satisfaction_n or_o discontent_n will_v ever_o have_v the_o most_o forcible_a influence_n for_o the_o preservation_n or_o ruin_n of_o any_o state_n beside_o the_o good_a and_o profitable_a institution_n and_o order_n of_o this_o king_n already_o mention_v so_o general_o approve_v and_o so_o grateful_a to_o the_o commonalty_n of_o the_o realm_n there_o be_v other_o of_o a_o different_a nature_n and_o which_o have_v a_o contrary_a effect_n by_o distaste_v and_o disoblige_v many_o of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n and_o most_o or_o all_o of_o the_o clergy_n though_o some_o be_v so_o cautious_a as_o not_o to_o lose_v their_o dignity_n or_o revenue_n by_o express_v their_o resentment_n the_o offence_n take_v by_o these_o last_o be_v first_o the_o abrogate_a or_o surcease_n the_o judiciary_n power_n exercise_v by_o the_o bishop_n during_o the_o saxon_a time_n in_o each_o county_n where_o justice_n be_v administer_v and_o the_o bishop_n with_o the_o alderman_n or_o earl_n of_o each_o shire_n sit_v as_o judge_n in_o those_o court_n which_o increase_v not_o only_o their_o authority_n but_o their_o revenue_n too_o by_o a_o share_n they_o have_v with_o the_o king_n in_o all_o fine_n raise_v from_o the_o issue_n of_o cause_n there_o determine_v but_o all_o this_o be_v abolish_v by_o the_o king_n institution_n of_o justiciaries_n to_o administer_v justice_n upon_o all_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o other_o among_o subject_n at_o four_o term_n of_o the_o year_n this_o give_v particular_a offence_n to_o the_o bishop_n but_o another_o to_o the_o whole_a clergy_n for_o whereas_o before_o they_o hold_v all_o their_o land_n by_o franc_n almonage_n and_o subject_a to_o no_o duty_n or_o imposition_n but_o such_o as_o they_o lay_v upon_o themselves_o in_o their_o ecclesiastical_a assembly_n this_o prince_n find_v above_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o force_n of_o the_o crown_n which_o consist_v in_o knight_n service_n lessen_v in_o proportion_n by_o their_o immunity_n he_o reduce_v all_o their_o land_n to_o the_o common_a tenure_n of_o knight_n fee_n and_o baronage_n and_o thereby_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o attendance_n upon_o the_o king_n in_o his_o war_n and_o to_o other_o service_n ancient_o due_a and_o sometime_o raise_v upon_o all_o land_n that_o hold_v in_o fee_n from_o the_o crown_n this_o innovation_n touch_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n but_o all_o the_o abbot_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n many_o of_o who_o be_v endow_v with_o so_o great_a land_n and_o revenue_n that_o in_o right_o thereof_o they_o be_v upon_o the_o regular_a constitution_n of_o parliament_n allow_v session_n with_o the_o bishop_n as_o baron_n in_o the_o house_n of_o lord_n the_o whole_a clergy_n exclaim_v against_o this_o new_a institution_n not_o only_o as_o a_o indignity_n and_o injustice_n but_o as_o a_o impiety_n too_o and_o violation_n of_o the_o sacred_a right_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n but_o their_o complaint_n be_v without_o redress_n though_o not_o without_o ill_a consequence_n the_o discontent_n among_o many_o of_o the_o great_a noble_n arise_v chief_o from_o two_o occasion_n the_o first_o be_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o forest_n law_n and_o of_o their_o execution_n and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o king_n be_v too_o apparent_a partiality_n to_o his_o norman_n to_o know_v the_o ground_n or_o pretence_n of_o these_o forest_n law_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o run_v up_o to_o their_o original_a in_o the_o first_o seizure_n and_o distribution_n make_v of_o the_o british_a land_n by_o the_o conquer_a saxon_n beside_o those_o reserve_v to_o the_o king_n or_o divide_v among_o the_o people_n and_o hold_v by_o the_o tenor_n either_o of_o knight_n service_n or_o of_o book-land_n as_o it_o be_v term_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o thereby_o distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o villeinage_n there_o be_v many_o great_a tract_n of_o barren_a wild_a or_o woody_a land_n leave_v undisposed_a and_o in_o a_o manner_n waste_v so_o great_a number_n of_o british_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v extinguish_v by_o the_o war_n or_o retire_v into_o wales_n cornwall_n britanny_n and_o scotland_n and_o the_o new_a saxon_n not_o content_a to_o share_v among_o they_o any_o land_n but_o such_o as_o be_v fruitful_a and_o fit_a to_o be_v cultivate_v these_o be_v enclose_v or_o improve_v as_o well_o as_o inhabit_v by_o the_o new_a proprietor_n and_o the_o other_o left_a waist_n as_o well_o as_o undisposed_a to_o any_o certain_a owner_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v as_o have_v be_v observe_v very_o full_a of_o all_o sort_n of_o wild_a game_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n who_o live_v at_o large_a without_o any_o enclosure_n little_a property_n and_o subsist_v much_o upon_o hunt_v fish_v and_o fowl_v which_o they_o have_v all_o in_o common_a upon_o the_o enclose_v or_o cultivate_v of_o the_o fruitful_a land_n by_o the_o saxon_n the_o wild_a beast_n natural_o afraid_a of_o neighbour_n who_o they_o find_v to_o be_v all_o enemy_n flee_v into_o the_o wild_a woody_a and_o desolate_a tract_n of_o land_n where_o they_o find_v shelter_n and_o feed_v though_o hardly_o yet_o out_o of_o common_a sight_n and_o noise_n and_o hereby_o all_o those_o part_n become_v replenish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o game_n especial_o with_o red_a and_o fallow-deer_n and_o make_v all_o those_o several_a extent_n of_o ground_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v forest_n the_o saxon_a king_n esteem_v these_o to_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o their_o right_n to_o all_o possession_n that_o have_v no_o certain_a owner_n and_o by_o their_o never_o have_v be_v dispose_v upon_o the_o first_o division_n of_o land_n in_o the_o saxon_a kingdom_n nor_o afterward_o by_o any_o grant_n of_o the_o crown_n this_o right_n be_v not_o dispute_v nor_o any_o use_n of_o it_o make_v further_o than_o for_o the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o by_o they_o restrain_v from_o the_o noble_n or_o knight_n that_o be_v borderer_n upon_o the_o forest_n who_o be_v so_o moderate_a in_o those_o more_o simple_a age_n as_o to_o commit_v no_o excess_n or_o destroy_v the_o game_n which_o it_o be_v their_o interest_n to_o preserve_v both_o for_o their_o sport_n and_o the_o quarry_n and_o for_o some_o use_n make_v of_o it_o for_o common_a pasturage_n among_o all_o the_o border_a neighbour_n william_n the_o conqueror_n not_o only_o seize_v upon_o all_o these_o forest_n as_o part_n of_o his_o own_o demesn_n but_o make_v a_o very_a large_a one_o in_o hampshire_n beside_o those_o he_o find_v by_o lay_v waist_n and_o leave_v uninhabited_a great_a extent_n of_o land_n which_o he_o pretend_v to_o be_v fall_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o ancient_a succession_n or_o by_o new_a forfeiture_n and_o this_o he_o call_v the_o new_a forest_n which_o name_v after_o so_o long_a a_o course_n of_o age_n it_o still_o retain_v in_o all_o these_o forest_n he_o pretend_v a_o absolute_a right_n and_o dominion_n and_o in_o pursuance_n thereof_o institute_v new_a and_o arbitrary_a law_n of_o his_o own_o unused_a and_o unknown_a before_o in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o very_o different_a from_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o saxon_a government_n he_o confine_v all_o hunt_n or_o fowl_v in_o these_o forest_n to_o himself_o or_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v right_o to_o it_o by_o his_o concession_n or_o permission_n he_o impose_v fine_n upon_o all_o trespass_n commit_v in_o they_o according_a to_o his_o own_o pleasure_n and_o which_o seem_v much_o to_o exceed_v the_o fault_n or_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n these_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v levy_v with_o great_a rigour_n and_o exaction_n and_o thereby_o debar_v not_o only_o his_o commoner_n but_o his_o noble_n too_o from_o a_o liberty_n they_o have_v before_o always_o enjoy_v though_o he_o take_v care_n not_o to_o provoke_v the_o commoner_n by_o leave_v pasturage_n free_a for_o such_o of_o the_o neighbour_n who_o live_v most_o upon_o their_o stock_n and_o thereby_o take_v no_o greeat_a offence_n at_o the_o restraint_n from_o their_o sport_n which_o they_o have_v not_o time_n from_o their_o labour_n much_o to_o follow_v yet_o the_o noble_n and_o knight_n who_o value_v their_o sport_n more_o than_o common_a gain_n and_o make_v use_v of_o their_o riches_n but_o for_o increase_n of_o their_o pleasure_n resent_v this_o restraint_n as_o a_o sensible_a injury_n as_o a_o invasion_n

justice_n be_v the_o very_a foundation_n of_o government_n as_o treasure_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o sinew_n of_o war._n for_o the_o first_o as_o he_o have_v swear_v at_o his_o coronation_n to_o govern_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n so_o he_o continue_v the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n that_o be_v call_v the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v in_o substance_n observe_v both_o in_o what_o concern_v the_o crown_n and_o the_o subject_a though_o he_o introduce_v several_a new_a form_n in_o the_o administration_n or_o execution_n of_o they_o beside_o the_o ancient_a law_n or_o custom_n that_o concern_v the_o descent_n of_o private_a inheritance_n or_o the_o penalty_n upon_o several_a crime_n there_o be_v two_o fundamental_a law_n of_o the_o saxon_a or_o english_a kingdom_n the_o trial_n by_o juries_n of_o twelve_o man_n wherein_o consist_v the_o chief_a safety_n of_o man_n property_n and_o life_n and_o the_o burrough_n law_n which_o be_v the_o great_a security_n that_o have_v be_v invent_v by_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n for_o the_o peace_n and_o order_n of_o the_o realm_n the_o first_o i_o know_v be_v by_o some_o author_n mention_v as_o have_v be_v introduce_v by_o this_o norman_a king_n out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o that_o country_n but_o i_o think_v it_o evident_a to_o have_v be_v a_o institution_n very_o ancient_a among_o the_o saxon_n and_o to_o have_v be_v derive_v and_o observe_v during_o the_o whole_a succession_n of_o the_o english_a king_n and_o even_o in_o the_o danish_a reign_n without_o any_o interruption_n nor_o do_v there_o want_v some_o trace_n or_o appearance_n of_o it_o from_o the_o very_a institution_n of_o odin_n the_o first_o great_a leader_n of_o the_o asiatic_a goth_n or_o getae_n into_o europe_n and_o the_o founder_n of_o that_o mighty_a kingdom_n round_o the_o baltic_a sea_n from_o whence_o all_o the_o gothick_n government_n in_o these_o northwest_o part_v of_o the_o world_n be_v derive_v by_o the_o spread_a conquest_n of_o those_o northern_a race_n it_o be_v record_v that_o upon_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o expedition_n he_o ordain_v a_o council_n of_o twelve_o man_n who_o shall_v judge_v and_o decide_v all_o matter_n that_o come_v in_o question_n and_o there_o be_v then_o no_o other_o law_n establish_v among_o those_o vast_a number_n of_o rough_a people_n go_v to_o seek_v out_o new_a conquest_n and_o thereby_o seat_n to_o inhabit_v it_o be_v probable_a these_o twelve_o man_n judge_v all_o case_n upon_o evidence_n or_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o then_o give_v their_o sentence_n and_o appoint_a penalty_n according_a to_o what_o they_o esteem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o justice_n and_o equity_n so_o as_o the_o twelve_o man_n be_v at_o first_o both_o juror_n and_o judge_n their_o judgement_n in_o cause_n both_o real_a and_o criminal_a be_v general_o approve_v as_o just_a and_o equitable_a grow_v into_o precedent_n to_o succeed_a judge_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o general_a submission_n introduce_v the_o custom_n of_o certain_a sentence_n be_v pronounce_v in_o certain_a cause_n and_o certain_a punishment_n be_v usual_o inflict_v upon_o certain_a crime_n in_o process_n of_o time_n and_o multiplicity_n of_o business_n the_o matter_n of_o fact_n continue_v to_o be_v try_v by_o twelve_o man_n but_o the_o adjudgment_n of_o the_o punishment_n and_o the_o sentence_n thereupon_o come_v to_o be_v give_v by_o one_o or_o two_o or_o more_o person_n choose_v out_o of_o such_o as_o be_v best_a verse_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o what_o have_v be_v usual_a in_o former_a judgement_n upon_o like_a case_n and_o as_o the_o first_o part_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o equal_v or_o neighbour_n of_o the_o person_n accuse_v as_o most_o likely_a to_o do_v justice_n to_o one_o of_o their_o own_o rank_n or_o acquaintance_n so_o the_o other_o be_v commit_v to_o person_n of_o learning_n or_o knowledge_n in_o the_o ancient_a custom_n record_n or_o tradition_n of_o what_o have_v long_o pass_v in_o the_o course_n of_o justice_n among_o that_o nation_n thus_o we_o find_v it_o evident_a that_o in_o the_o saxon_a reign_n in_o england_n cause_n be_v adjudge_v by_o the_o alderman_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o several_a shire_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o twelve_o man_n of_o the_o same_o county_n who_o be_v 〈◊〉_d say_v to_o have_v be_v judge_n or_o assistant_n to_o the_o two_o first_o by_o such_o as_o affirm_v or_o pretend_v this_o manner_n of_o trial_n to_o have_v be_v draw_v by_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o out_o of_o normandy_n who_o be_v thereby_o say_v to_o have_v introduce_v in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o some_o other_o form_n the_o norman_a law_n into_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o same_o custom_n or_o trial_n be_v use_v in_o normandy_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a that_o neither_o the_o english_a receive_v it_o from_o the_o norman_n nor_o these_o from_o the_o english_a but_o that_o both_o nation_n derive_v their_o original_a from_o those_o ancient_a goth_n agree_v in_o several_a custom_n or_o institution_n deduce_v from_o their_o common_a ancestor_n which_o make_v this_o trial_n by_o jury_n continue_v uninterrupted_a in_o england_n not_o only_o by_o the_o norman_n but_o by_o the_o dane_n also_o who_o be_v but_o another_o swarm_n of_o that_o great_a northern_a hive_n it_o be_v true_a the_o term_n of_o jury_n and_o verdict_n be_v introduce_v by_o the_o norman_n with_o many_o other_o in_o the_o style_n and_o practice_n of_o our_o law_n but_o the_o trial_n by_o twelve_o man_n with_o that_o essential_a circumstance_n of_o their_o unanimous_a agreement_n be_v not_o only_o use_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o norman_n but_o be_v know_v to_o have_v be_v as_o ancient_a in_o sweden_n as_o any_o record_n or_o tradition_n of_o that_o kingdom_n which_o be_v the_o first_o seat_n of_o the_o gothick_n dominion_n in_o the_o northwest_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o it_o still_o remain_v in_o some_o province_n of_o that_o country_n however_o king_n william_n cause_v this_o to_o be_v observe_v as_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o thereby_o give_v great_a and_o universal_a satisfaction_n to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n both_o english_a and_o norman_n the_o burrough_n law_n have_v be_v likewise_o ancient_o establish_v among_o the_o saxon_n whereby_o every_o shire_n be_v divide_v into_o so_o many_o hundred_o or_o burrough_n consist_v at_o first_o of_o one_o hundred_o family_n therein_o usual_o inhabit_v every_o hundred_o into_o so_o many_o tithing_n consist_v of_o ten_o family_n if_o any_o person_n commit_v or_o be_v accuse_v of_o any_o crime_n the_o tithe_n to_o which_o he_o belong_v be_v bind_v to_o produce_v he_o to_o justice_n before_o the_o court_n of_o the_o hundred_o or_o county_n if_o he_o flee_v they_o be_v to_o swear_v they_o be_v not_o complice_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o that_o they_o will_v procure_v the_o criminal_a whenever_o they_o can_v find_v he_o if_o this_o fail_v in_o a_o certain_a time_n they_o will_v discover_v all_o the_o good_n he_o be_v possess_v of_o within_o their_o tithe_n to_o satisfy_v the_o damage_n do_v to_o a_o subject_a or_o a_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n upon_o such_o a_o offence_n if_o neither_o person_n nor_o estate_n appear_v than_o the_o tithing_n be_v answerable_a to_o a_o certain_a proportion_n and_o if_o that_o be_v not_o sufficient_a than_o it_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o hundred_o by_o this_o mean_v it_o become_v every_o man_n interest_n as_o well_o as_o duty_n to_o prevent_v all_o crime_n and_o misdemeanour_n among_o their_o neighbour_n and_o to_o discover_v the_o criminal_n since_o they_o be_v otherwise_o to_o share_v in_o the_o penalty_n and_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tithing_n be_v bind_v for_o the_o behaviour_n of_o every_o freeman_n among_o they_o so_o every_o lord_n or_o master_n be_v bind_v to_o answer_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o their_o servant_n i_o know_v not_o whether_o any_o constitution_n of_o government_n either_o ancient_a or_o modern_a ever_o invent_v and_o institute_v any_o law_n or_o order_n of_o great_a wisdom_n or_o of_o great_a force_n to_o preserve_v the_o peace_n and_o safety_n of_o any_o state_n and_o of_o equal_a utility_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n make_v virtue_n and_o innocence_n of_o life_n so_o necessary_a by_o the_o easy_a apprehension_n or_o discovery_n and_o certain_a punishment_n of_o offender_n this_o law_n the_o king_n cause_v likewise_o to_o be_v severe_o observe_v during_o his_o reign_n find_v therein_o his_o own_o interest_n as_o well_o as_o his_o peoples_n and_o the_o great_a security_n of_o his_o new_a settle_a government_n he_o confirm_v all_o man_n property_n inheritance_n and_o succession_n invade_v none_o either_o for_o his_o own_o benefit_n or_o reward_n of_o his_o norman_a force_n or_o friend_n