Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n
Text snippets containing the quad
|
ID |
Title |
Author |
Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) |
STC |
Words |
Pages |
|
A55623
|
An essay on the coin and commerce of the kingdom trade and treasure (which are twins) being the only supporters thereof next to religion and justice.
|
Praed, John.
|
1695
(1695)
|
Wing P3163A; ESTC R221798
|
53,333
|
71
|
elegantly goes on begirt with Walls whose Bullder was the hand Heaven whereon there daily rides a Navy Royal whose unconquerable Power proclaims her Prince invincible and whispers sad despair into the fainting heart of Foreign Majesty Het Prince might say to us concerning the Empire as Joshua did to the Children of Israel concerning Canaan How long are you slack to go to possess the Land which the Lord God of your Fathers hath given you IX But there are three principal things which in Martial as well as civil Policy are first to be better regarded than they are viz. Religion Trade and Justice By Religion I mean that which so effectually provides for all those advantages to Mankind Dec. of Piet. P. 2. which the wisest of Men's Laws have in vain attempted That Christ came to introduce Religion which consults not only the co-eternal Salvation of Men's Souls Sermon on Luke 9. v. 55 56. but their temporal peace and security their comfort and happiness in this World and as Mr. Fleetwood saith in his Sermon against Clipping if there appears but little Christianity in such a Sermon it will be to such as consider not how great a Part Justice and Honesty and fair and righteous dealing make up of Divine Religion Sir Walter Rawleigh saith In his Rules for preserving the State that The first and principal Rule of Policy is the practice of Religion and the Cardinal de Richlien in his Political Testament calls it the Establishment of the Reign of God By Trade I mean such a free and full manufactured Trade which the Romans by all possible Arts ascended to e'er they ascended to the heighth of Empire whose Steps the French lately endeavoured to follow by all means imaginable and for the self same end and not such a Trade for which this Nation became so renowned as Glaucus is in Homer for changing Armour with Diomedes with such palpable disadvantage that Proverbs came of it And by Justice I mean not summum jus summa Injuria but * the Policy of English Government Prol. to Hist Disc which so far as is praise worthy is all one with Divine Providence Such Justice as honours the Religion and advanceth the Interest and Trade of the Nation that is such Righteous Judgment as God Almighty himself at first commanded Judges and Officers shalt thou make such as shall judge the People with righteous Judgment The summum jus of this Nation is of Humnut and I think of Norman Institution and it is yet known and perhaps may never be forgotten that from the fury of the Normans was added to our Ancestor's Common-Prayer against Plague Pestilence and Famine William the Conquerour Jehu like drove out the Laws of King Edward then in use Bak. Chron. Pag 28. contrary to his Coronation Oath and in their stead brought in the Laws of Normandy commanding them to be written in French as also that all Causes should be pleaded and all matters of Form disputized in French upon a pretence to dignifie the French Tongue but it was with a purpose to intrap Men through the Ignorance of the Language as indeed it did And whereas before P. 29. the Bishop and the Aldermen were the absolute Judges to determine all business in every Shire and the Bishop in many Cases shared in the benefit of the Mulct with the King he confined the Clergy within the Province of their own Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction And whereas the Causes of the Kingdom were before determined in every Shire and by a Law of King Edward in a Conventicle held Monthly in every Hundred he ordained that four times in the Year for certain days the same business should be determin'd in such places as he should appoint And finally he ordained his Council of State his Chancery and his Exchequer X. But Edward III. the most Generous Magnanimous Honourable and Heroick Prince of all his Race and Predecessors having due regard to Religion Grievances Trade and Justice and therein to Martial Policy and Discipline ordain'd and in some Respects contrary to his Interests That no Peter pence should be paid to the Pope of Rome that the Service of God being perfect freedom his People of England might say their Pater-noster without paying the Penny for it That no Wool growing within this Realm should be transported but that it should be made into Cloth in England That the Walloons should be permitted to Live Work and Trade amongst us and be naturalized against the Act. That 〈…〉 which weâ—â— before in French should be made in English that the Cliche might understand the Course of the Law A blessed Act saith my Author and worthy so great a King who if he could thereby render it also perspicuous plain easie and short it would be a Work of Eternal Honour to him and everlasting Interest to the Nation XI But our People being a Rebellious People and undeserving of such excellent Princes as Edward III. Henry V. and Queen Eliz. by the Providence of God took from them as it did from Judah and Jerusalem the Mighty Man the Man of War the Prudent the Elegant Orater the Cunning Artificer the Counsellor and the Judge so that the People were oppressed every one by another and every one by his Neighbour and their Tongues and their doings being against the Lord the Reâ—â—â—â—d of their own hands was given unto them XII Yet still the Providence of God espousing us as it did the Jews or rather as Dr. Soâ—â—â— saith as Socrates espoused Xantippe to exercise his Patience without He hath now sent us a King of Kings who at his first coming to the Imperial Crown of England proposed against his own present and private Interest the Balance of the Trade of this Nation well knowing the nature of this Kingdom for advantageous Commerce and that a good Father of his Country as well as of his Family will be Vendacem and not Emâ—cem as Sir Robert Cotton saith of him And indeed so much and much more were in Civil Opinion and Martial Policy to be expected from such a Puissant Prince whose Godly Generous Noble and Resolute Race especially from William I. to William III. hath been a successful Series of essential Sincerity towards Religion Grievances Trade and Justice XIII His late Princely and Pious Consort now a Queen of Heaven was an enamoured Lover of Religion and Justice to the eternal Honour of her Majestick and Immortal Memory And since she had laid such excellent Designs for both I hope the Omnipotence of God Almighty will see them finished by means of her Royal and most excellent Survivor for his Name sake XIV The Seat of Government is upheld by the Two great Pillar thereof Rawl Remark P. 153. Civil Justice and Martial Policy which were framed out of the Husbandry Merchandise and Gentry of this Kingdom They say that the goodliest Cedars which grow on the high Mountains of Libanus thrust their Roots between the Cliffs of hard Rocks the better
it was believed that those Fines amounted to near 150 Crowns a year And thus the Disease went on only now and then there was a little Blood let out ☞ which never went to the bottom of the Distemper But when the present Vice-Roy entred upon the Government he was resolved to extirpate all the Banditti and he first let all the Barons understand that if they harboured them any more a little Fine would not save them ☞ but that he would proceed against him with the utmost Severity and by this means the Banditti could find no Winter-Quarters so they betook themselves to some Fastnesses among the Hills and resolv'd to make good the Passes and to accommodate themselves the best they could amidst the Mountains The Vice Roy sent a great Body against them ☞ but they defended themselves for some time vigorously and in one Sally they killed 500 Men but at last seeing they were like to be hard press'd and that the Vice-Roy intended to come against them in Person they excepted of the Terms that he offer'd them which was a Pardon for what was past both as to Life and Galleys and 6 d. a day for their Entertainment in Prison during Life or the Vice-Roy's pleasure and so they surrendred themselves They are kept in a large Prison and now and then as he sees cause for it he sends some few up and down to serve in Garrisons And thus beyond all Men's Expectation he finished this Matter in a very few Months and the Kingdom of Naples that hath been so long a Scene of Pillage and Robbery is now so much changed that in no place of Europe do Subjects enjoy a more entire Security As for the Coin P. 170. it is as all the other Spanish Money is so subject to Clipping ☞ that the whole Money of Naples is now light and far below the true value so the Vice-Roy has resolved to redress this He considers that the crying down of Money that passeth upon the Publick Credit ☞ is a robbing of those in whose hands the Money happens to be when such Proclamations are put out and therefore he takes a Method that is more general in which every one will bear his share so that none will be crush'd by it He hath laid some Taxes on the whole Kingdom and hath got a great many to bring in some Plate to be coined ☞ and when he hath thus prepared such a quantity as may serve for the Circulation that is necessary he intends to call in all the Old Money and to give out new Money for it Thus doeth this Vice-Roy set such a Pattern to the other Ministers of the Crown of Spain that if many would follow it ☜ the State of their Affairs would be soon altered X. One of our Historians W. Hemingford Anno 1180. tells us Fleetwood's Sermon ab ut Clipping p. 17. that in Henry II. time the Money of the Kingdom was so corrupt that it was fain to be chang'd and called in it was indeed necessary but it fell exceeding hard upon the Poor and Country People So it was also in the time of Henry III. upon calling in the Old and Clipp'd Money M. Paris Anno 1240. by a Proclamation the People were more distress'd than if Corn had been at half a Crown a Bushel which was then I believe equal to Twelve or Fourteen Shillings now for the new Money was not yet come to their great Towns and when it was they receiv'd no more new than their old came to by weight paying also over and above Thirteen Pence in the Pound for Coinage so that besides the loss of time and the great Charge they were at to come to the several Places of Exchange they were sent away with hardly Twenty Shillings for every Thirty that they brought along with them Arctabatur Populus non mediocriter damnificatus The People were straitned and receiv'd no small damage they lost you see one third The Poor still suffered most and so it will always be for a small Weight is heavy to the weak and faint and a little loss grievous to such as have but little The Consideration of this and the preceding passages of the Bishop of Salisbury and the Circumstances we are under made me apply my self to some Persons who I thought would give me some account how the Coin at Naples was regulated and Mr. Humphrey Levermore did me the favour to procure me the following Letter from Mr. William Sealy who lived a Merchant many years at Naples SIR The Old Money at Naples being extremely dipt and falsified caused the exchange from all parts of Naples in Iess than two years time to rise about 25. per Cent. which likewise made a great alteration in Trade and all Foreign Commodities to rise proportionably To remedy which there was no way but by making new Money which they were about 7 Years consulting and bringing to pass at last it was resolved that the new Money should be made about 10 per Cent. of worse allay than the old was and about 10 per Cent. less in weight than the good old Money really was and this to prevent the Carrying it out of the Kingdom And in order to this the Viceroy contracted with most of the Principal Merchants in Naples for to furnish him with so many Tunns of Silver within a limited time and to be re-inbursed with a considerable allowance from the Customs and other Gaballs in that Kingdom So that when a great quantity of Mony was made Proclamations were sent throughout the Kingdom that within the space of Three Months all the old Money should be brought in and they should receive a new Duckat for an old one though never so much clipp'd provided the Coin was good But if false they returned it them cut a sunder to make the most of it they could To effect which great quantities of Monies were sent into every Province and Banks erected and People appointed in every Town and City to receive the old Man and deliver out the new and if any remained after the above-limited time it was to be brought into the Mint and the Owners to receive only the weight of new Money for the weight of old All this was very punctually observed and performed and because in the City of Naples there are Eleven Banks which keep almost all the Cash of the Kingdom and all publick payments either Bills of Exchange or otherwise cannot lawfully be paid but by a Note of one of the said Banks which are all registred Therefore all the Money we receive we generally pay into the said Banks and they receive it not only by tale but by weight and so they pay it out again when we come for any but if any be found of a false Coin or Brass they cut it a sunder before your face and then give it you again to make the most of it This New Money being about 20 per Cent worse than the good