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for_o themselves_o if_o they_o please_v who_o find_v their_o prince_n have_v desert_v they_o the_o whole_a army_n yield_v themselves_o to_o harold_n mercy_n and_o have_v seize_v upon_o gaiffith_n they_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n and_o send_v it_o to_o harold_n give_v he_o hostage_n for_o their_o future_a obedience_n and_o for_o payment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n which_o for_o some_o time_n have_v be_v deny_v after_o which_o king_n edward_n keep_v a_o severe_a eye_n over_o the_o welsh_a make_v a_o law_n that_o if_o any_o of_o that_o nation_n shall_v pass_v arm_v over_o offa_n ditch_n his_o right_a hand_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n roger_n earl_n of_o hereford_n raise_v a_o rebellion_n against_o he_o in_o that_o country_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o welsh_a but_o it_o be_v soon_o suppress_v and_o the_o earl_n take_v and_o banish_v into_o normandy_n the_o king_n use_v great_a severity_n against_o the_o welsh_a put_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o some_o hang_v other_o upon_o gibbet_n and_o they_o that_o escape_v best_o be_v forever_o banish_v their_o country_n and_o afterward_o enter_v wales_n with_o a_o great_a army_n he_o oblige_v the_o prince_n thereof_o who_o be_v unable_a to_o resist_v to_o do_v he_o homage_n at_o st._n david_n and_o take_v hostage_n for_o their_o peaceable_a demeanour_n he_o return_v as_o a_o victorious_a conqueror_n in_o 1095._o william_n rufus_n find_v the_o welsh_a often_o attempt_v mischief_n against_o the_o english_a resolve_v to_o make_v a_o full_a conquest_n of_o they_o and_o redouble_v his_o usual_a force_n draw_v into_o the_o marsh_n of_o wales_n and_o their_o encamp_v call_v a_o council_n of_o war_n to_o consult_v how_o to_o prosecute_v his_o design_n against_o they_o who_o find_v their_o own_o weakness_n to_o oppose_v they_o according_a to_o their_o usual_a manner_n secure_v themselves_o in_o their_o wood_n and_o mountain_n and_o other_o inaccessible_a place_n upon_o which_o the_o king_n send_v hugh_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o hugh_n lupus_n earl_n of_o chester_n into_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n who_o there_o execute_v great_a cruelty_n on_o the_o people_n cut_v off_o the_o hand_n nose_n and_o arm_n of_o the_o resister_n spare_v neither_o age_n sex_n nor_o place_n sacred_a or_o profane_a from_o destruction_n at_o which_o very_a time_n mâ—gous_n king_n of_o norway_n land_v there_o in_o hope_n to_o conquer_v the_o island_n who_o the_o english_a earl_n oppose_v with_o all_o their_o might_n arm_v at_o all_o point_n yet_o montgomery_n through_o the_o sight_n of_o his_o beaver_n be_v shoot_v with_o a_o arrow_n into_o the_o right_a eye_n whereof_o he_o die_v in_o 1107._o those_o fleming_n which_o his_o brother_n rufus_n have_v settle_v in_o cumberland_n who_o land_n the_o sea_n have_v overwhelm_v some_o year_n before_o be_v by_o king_n henry_n i._o remove_v into_o ross_n in_o wales_n both_o to_o free_v the_o inland_a country_n from_o such_o a_o burden_n and_o to_o keep_v the_o welsh_a in_o obedience_n which_o project_n answer_v his_o expectation_n for_o say_v giraldus_n they_o be_v a_o colony_n of_o stout_a man_n enure_v to_o the_o war_n and_o likewise_o clothier_n and_o husbandman_n as_o time_n and_o place_n require_v and_o most_o loyal_o devote_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n whereby_o they_o keep_v the_o country_n in_o subjection_n for_o some_o time_n yet_o 1114._o griffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n make_v inroad_n upon_o the_o land_n of_o gilbert_n strangbow_n hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o other_o english_a gentleman_n and_o so_o incense_v the_o king_n by_o these_o outrage_n that_o in_o a_o rage_n he_o vow_v he_o will_v not_o leave_v one_o alive_a in_o north_n or_o south_n wales_n and_o go_v thither_o in_o person_n divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o part_n to_o catch_v if_o possible_a these_o nimble_a combatant_n who_o at_o his_o approach_n be_v get_v again_o to_o their_o old_a recess_n however_o with_o much_o difficulty_n he_o pursue_v and_o kill_v many_o of_o they_o in_o their_o hill_n and_o wood_n and_o the_o rest_n yield_v to_o king_n henry_n who_o return_v home_o with_o much_o satisfaction_n in_o 1121._o king_n henry_n be_v again_o disquiet_v by_o the_o welsh_a under_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi beldin_n prince_n of_o powis-land_n and_o the_o three_o son_n of_o cadogan_n who_o break_v into_o the_o marsh_n of_o cheshire_n and_o burn_v two_o castle_n against_o who_o the_o king_n march_v with_o strong_a force_n send_v the_o main_a of_o his_o army_n and_o carriage_n the_o common_a road_n but_o himself_o with_o a_o select_a company_n take_v a_o near_a way_n through_o the_o strait_n and_o mountain_n which_o the_o welshman_n have_v notice_n of_o they_o lay_v a_o ambush_n who_o courageous_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o rain_v down_o shower_n of_o arrow_n on_o they_o from_o the_o high_a ground_n
whereby_o many_o of_o the_o english_a be_v slay_v and_o one_o arrow_n aim_v at_o the_o king_n shoot_v he_o on_o the_o breast_n but_o by_o his_o armour_n be_v hinder_v from_o do_v far_o mischief_n whereat_o he_o be_v little_o concern_v only_o swear_v by_o our_o lord_n death_n his_o usual_a oath_n that_o he_o be_v sure_o that_o arrow_n be_v shoot_v by_o own_o of_o his_o follower_n and_o not_o by_o a_o welshman_n at_o length_n find_v he_o shall_v gain_v little_a and_o may_v lose_v much_o of_o the_o honour_n he_o have_v gain_v in_o this_o barren_a country_n he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o welsh_a prince_n give_v they_o a_o thousand_o head_n of_o cattle_n and_o so_o return_v to_o london_n in_o 1138._o owen_n and_o cadwallader_n the_o son_n of_o griffith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o wales_n make_v a_o irruption_n into_o the_o pale_a and_o do_v much_o damage_n carry_v away_o much_o spoil_v of_o good_n horse_n arm_n and_o other_o habiliment_n of_o war_n which_o king_n stephen_n be_v not_o able_a to_o revenge_v be_v sufficient_o encumber_a in_o defend_v his_o crown_n which_o maud_n the_o empress_n upon_o pretence_n of_o a_o better_a title_n endeavour_v to_o deprive_v he_o of_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o her_o brother_n in_o law_n robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n king_n stephen_n besiege_v ramilph_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o earl_n robert_n in_o lincoln_n who_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o city_n resolve_v to_o give_v the_o king_n battle_n be_v assist_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o welsh_a as_o well_o as_o englishman_n before_o the_o fight_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n animate_v his_o soldier_n by_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o give_v they_o unfeigned_a thanks_o for_o hazard_v their_o life_n in_o so_o just_a a_o cause_n against_o a_o faithless_a king_n and_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v lead_v they_o amid_o the_o strong_a troop_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o seem_v already_o in_o his_o own_o thought_n to_o be_v break_v through_o they_o and_o trample_v on_o the_o neck_n of_o their_o chief_a captain_n yea_o pierce_v with_o his_o sword_n the_o very_a heart_n of_o king_n stephen_n himself_o not_o doubt_v but_o they_o will_v follow_v their_o leader_n and_o by_o his_o example_n quick_o put_v their_o perfidious_a adversary_n to_o flight_n on_o the_o other_o side_n baldwin_n king_n stephen_n general_n tell_v his_o man_n that_o the_o justice_n of_o their_o cause_n oblige_v they_o to_o defend_v their_o valiant_a king_n to_o who_o they_o have_v swear_v allegiance_n and_o who_o presence_n courage_n and_o conduct_v aught_o more_o to_o encourage_v they_o than_o thousand_o of_o man_n what_o be_v robert_n the_o bastard_n their_o general_n say_v he_o but_o a_o boast_a coward_n who_o can_v speak_v big_a but_o perform_v little_a have_v a_o lion_n voice_n but_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o hare_n and_o what_o be_v chester_n earl_n but_o a_o hare-brained_a audacious_a man_n without_o judgement_n or_o courage_n and_o what_o be_v the_o welshman_n which_o he_o have_v with_o he_o be_v they_o not_o fit_a for_o our_o contempt_n than_o fear_n who_o be_v naked_a unarmed_a and_o without_o any_o military_a discipline_n run_v headlong_o like_o wild_a beast_n upon_o the_o javelin_n and_o spear_n of_o the_o hunter_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v only_a straggler_n and_o runagate_n who_o will_v never_o endure_v the_o force_n of_o your_o puissant_a arms._n after_o this_o a_o bloody_a battle_n be_v fight_v but_o at_o length_n king_n stephen_n horse_n give_v way_n and_o the_o foot_n be_v thereby_o expose_v they_o allfle_v together_o leave_v the_o king_n almost_o alone_o in_o the_o field_n a_o strange_a sight_n it_o be_v say_v the_o historian_n to_o see_v king_n stephen_n leave_v almost_o alone_o and_o yet_o none_o dare_v approach_v he_o who_o grind_v his_o tooth_n and_o foam_a like_o a_o furious_a wild_a boar_n with_o his_o battle_n axe_n drive_v whole_a troop_n before_o he_o cut_v down_o great_a number_n of_o they_o to_o the_o eternal_a renown_n of_o his_o courage_n so_o that_o if_o but_o a_o hundred_o like_o himself_o have_v stand_v by_o he_o a_o whole_a army_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o surprise_v his_o person_n yet_o he_o still_o defend_v himself_o till_o first_o his_o battle-ax_n and_o then_o his_o sword_n fly_v in_o piece_n by_o his_o irresistible_a blow_n so_o that_o be_v leave_v weaponless_a he_o be_v strike_v down_o with_o a_o great_a stone_n and_o take_v prisoner_n yet_o he_o afterward_o regain_v his_o liberty_n and_o his_o crown_n and_o die_v a_o king_n after_o have_v reign_v near_o 19_o year_n in_o 1170._o the_o welsh_a surprise_v the_o town_n of_o cardigan_n under_o rice_n ap_fw-mi griffith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o take_v therein_o the_o governor_n robert_n fitz_n stephens_n a_o valiant_a norman_a who_o can_v not_o procure_v his_o liberty_n upon_o any_o other_o term_n than_o by_o forever_o renounce_v all_o right_a and_o title_n to_o his_o estate_n and_o possession_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n which_o hard_a condition_n he_o be_v oblige_v to_o accept_v and_o join_v with_o dermot_n one_o of_o the_o five_o king_n of_o ireland_n who_o at_o that_o time_n come_v over_o to_o crave_v aid_n from_o king_n henry_n ii_o be_v instrumental_a in_o conquer_a that_o kingdom_n and_o annex_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n in_o 1199._o king_n richard_n i._o resolve_v to_o make_v a_o voyage_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n or_o jerusalem_n he_o resolve_v to_o leave_v all_o quiet_a at_o home_n and_o rice_n ap_fw-mi griffith_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v then_o in_o amity_n come_v as_o far_o as_o oxford_n to_o wait_v upon_o he_o but_o because_o the_o king_n who_o be_v there_o go_v not_o out_o of_o the_o city_n in_o person_n to_o meet_v he_o as_o his_o father_n henry_n have_v do_v though_o earl_n john_n the_o king_n brother_n have_v conduct_v he_o from_o the_o marsh_n with_o all_o the_o mark_n of_o honour_n and_o esteem_v this_o haughty_a welsh_a prince_n take_v it_o in_o such_o 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to_o he_o and_o strike_v he_o over_o the_o face_n whereat_o the_o judge_n not_o at_o all_o disturb_a rise_v up_o and_o tell_v he_o that_o the_o affront_n he_o have_v offer_v be_v not_o do_v to_o he_o but_o to_o the_o king_n his_o father_n who_o he_o do_v there_o represent_v and_o therefore_o i_o charge_v you_o say_v he_o to_o desist_v from_o proceed_v any_o further_o in_o your_o lawless_a design_n and_o i_o commit_v you_o to_o the_o king_n bench_n there_o to_o remain_v during_o your_o father_n pleasure_n for_o the_o abuse_v you_o have_v commit_v and_o the_o ill_a example_n you_o have_v give_v to_o those_o that_o may_v hereafter_o be_v your_o own_o subject_n it_o be_v wonderful_a to_o see_v how_o calm_a the_o prince_n be_v in_o his_o own_o cause_n who_o have_v be_v so_o violent_a in_o that_o of_o his_o companion_n for_o lay_v aside_o his_o dagger_n which_o he_o have_v in_o his_o hand_n and_o with_o which_o the_o people_n fear_v he_o will_v have_v kill_v the_o judge_n he_o quiet_o 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