mat._n 7.18_o how_o do_v paul_n when_o he_o be_v a_o persecutor_n become_v a_o preacher_n how_o do_v peter_n when_o he_o have_v abjure_v christ_n get_v off_o this_o spot_n by_o what_o mean_n be_v the_o wild_a olive_n implant_v into_o the_o good_a olive_n 11.17_o rom._n 11.17_o rom._n 11.17_o how_o do_v the_o thief_n get_v admission_n into_o paradise_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v perceive_v therefore_o the_o force_n of_o precedent_n divine_a aid_n every_o one_o that_o will_v both_o labour_n and_o move_v allthing_n for_o a_o naked_a will_n suffice_v not_o and_o learn_v and_o attain_v salvation_n wherein_o he_o asserte_n 1_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o supernatural_a antecedent_n aid_n or_o grace_n work_v all_o in_o matter_n of_o salvation_n 2_o that_o the_o naked_a will_n suffice_v not_o to_o perform_v any_o good_a chrysostome_n in_o genes_n hom._n 9_o call_v this_o prevenient_a grace_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o grace_n that_o seek_v what_o be_v lose_v and_o be_v find_v by_o such_o as_o seek_v it_o not_o basil_n term_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d anticipant_a grace_n so_o de_fw-fr baptis_n lib._n 1._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o the_o prevenient_a grace_n of_o god_n we_o work_v and_o confer_v our_o duty_n according_a to_o say_v by_o love_n this_o antecedence_n and_o priority_n of_o divine_a concourse_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v 1_o from_o its_o effective_a principe_n the_o divine_a will_n which_o necessary_o precede_v the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n because_o eternal_a and_o independent_a as_o before_o 2_o from_o the_o efficace_n of_o the_o divine_a concourse_n as_o it_o infallible_o determine_v the_o second_o cause_n to_o act_v and_o so_o must_v be_v necessary_o antecedent_n thereto_o not_o only_o simultaneous_a as_o the_o jesuit_n hold_v 3_o from_o the_o dependence_n and_o subordination_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n to_o the_o first_o all_o second_o cause_n be_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d concause_n dependent_a on_o and_o subordinate_a to_o the_o first_o cause_n as_o plato_n now_o where_o there_o be_v dependence_n and_o subordination_n here_o must_v necessary_o be_v priority_n and_o antecedence_n of_o that_o on_o which_o the_o subordinate_a depend_v thus_o suarez_n metaph._n disp_n 21._o sect._n 2._o pag._n 568._o by_o compare_v say_v he_o the_o action_n of_o the_o creature_n to_o the_o intern_a action_n of_o god_n it_o be_v clear_a that_o the_o action_n of_o god_n be_v in_o order_n of_o nature_n before_o the_o action_n of_o the_o creature_n whence_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o first_o cause_n do_v first_o influence_n or_o concur_v because_o the_o second_o cause_n act_v not_o but_o in_o and_o by_o its_o virtue_n yet_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o the_o jesuit_n general_o allow_v god_n only_o a_o simultaneous_a concourse_n as_o o_o the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n because_o otherwise_o as_o they_o conceit_n the_o liberty_n of_o the_o will_n can_v be_v preserve_v this_o simultaneous_a concourse_n they_o make_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o very_a action_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n as_o it_o proceed_v from_o god_n burgersdicius_n metaph._n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o grant_n that_o god_n concourse_n in_o supernatural_a act_n be_v previous_a but_o yet_o in_o natural_n he_o allow_v it_o to_o be_v only_o simultaneous_a but_o that_o god_n concourse_n not_o only_o in_o supernatural_n but_o also_o in_o naturlas_fw-mi be_v previous_a the_o dominican_n strong_o prove_v from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o dependence_n of_o the_o second_o for_o where_o there_o be_v subordination_n and_o dependence_n in_o causalitie_n there_o be_v posterioritie_n etc._n etc._n 4._o god_n concourse_n to_o and_o with_o second_o cause_n be_v total_a total_a god_n concourse_n total_a this_o totalitie_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n do_v not_o exclude_v the_o totalitie_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n in_o its_o kind_n but_o only_o its_o partiality_n and_o coordination_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n for_o it_o be_v a_o trite_a rule_n in_o philosophy_n that_o in_o cause_n subordinate_a there_o may_v be_v diverse_a total_a cause_n in_o different_a kind_n concur_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n but_o not_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n so_o we_o say_v that_o god_n and_o the_o sun_n and_o man_n be_v all_o total_a cause_n in_o the_o production_n of_o a_o man_n because_o they_o all_o have_v different_a kind_n of_o causalitie_n when_o therefore_o we_o say_v that_o god_n concourse_n be_v total_a we_o do_v only_o deny_v the_o coordination_n or_o copartialitie_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n we_o allow_v the_o second_o cause_n to_o cooperate_v with_o god_n in_o a_o way_n of_o subordination_n but_o not_o to_o be_v a_o coordinate_a social_a or_o copartial_a cause_n with_o god_n divine_a concourse_n special_o as_o to_o gratiose_fw-la effect_n work_v all_o total_o and_o solitary_o it_o admit_v not_o of_o a_o corrival_n or_o copartner_n it_o be_v no_o partial_a cause_n but_o work_v the_o whole_a effect_n though_o not_o without_o the_o subservience_n of_o inferior_a cause_n and_o instrument_n as_o in_o natural_a cause_n you_o ascribe_v the_o whole_a efficace_n and_o causalitic_a of_o the_o instrument_n to_o the_o principal_a cause_n special_o if_o the_o instrument_n be_v pure_o passive_a without_o any_o inherent_a virtue_n of_o its_o own_o as_o you_o ascribe_v not_o the_o victory_n to_o the_o general_n sword_n but_o to_o his_o valour_n so_o here_o the_o instrument_n which_o christ_n use_v in_o the_o work_n of_o the_o new_a creation_n be_v pure_o passive_a they_o have_v no_o efficace_n but_o what_o be_v impart_v to_o they_o by_o he_o the_o principal_a efficient_a and_o therefore_o they_o can_v be_v partial_a social_a cause_n this_o totalitie_n of_o divine_a concourse_n be_v well_o demonstrate_v by_o that_o great_a and_o pious_a witness_n against_o antichrist_n even_o in_o the_o dark_a time_n of_o popery_n robert_n grosseteste_a bishop_n of_o lancolne_n in_o his_o mss._n de_fw-la libero_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la efficacious_a grace_n so_o work_v with_o the_o freewill_n that_o at_o first_o it_o prevent_v the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n and_o afterward_o concur_v yet_o not_o so_o as_o if_o part_n be_v wrought_v by_o grace_n and_o part_n by_o freewill_a but_o each_o in_o its_o kind_n work_v the_o whole_a for_o two_o individual_a agent_n must_v necessary_o work_v one_o and_o the_o same_o effect_n when_o their_o action_n be_v indivise_v this_o augustin_n illustrate_v by_o a_o rider_n and_o the_o horse_n by_o who_o one_o and_o the_o same_o act_n or_o motion_n be_v total_o produce_v so_o the_o action_n of_o god_n and_o of_o the_o will_v concur_v total_o and_o so_o in_o every_o effect_n of_o every_o creature_n god_n and_o the_o next_o second_o cause_n produce_v the_o same_o conjoint_o not_o apart_o or_o one_o this_o part_n and_o that_o the_o other_o part_n etc._n etc._n this_o totalitie_n of_o divine_a concourse_n as_o to_o gratiose_fw-la effect_n be_v frequent_o and_o lively_o illustrate_v and_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o greek_a theologue_n thus_o chrysostome_n hom._n 12._o ad_fw-la hebr._fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n we_o see_v house_n beautiful_o build_v 18._o hoc_fw-la inquit_fw-la bonaventura_n piarum_fw-la mentium_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la nihil_fw-la sibi_fw-la tribuant_fw-la sed_fw-la totum_fw-la gratiae_n dei_fw-la unde_fw-la quantumcunque_fw-la aliquis_fw-la det_fw-la gratiae_n dei_fw-la à _fw-la pielate_fw-la non_fw-la receder_n etiamsi_fw-la multa_fw-la tribuendo_fw-la gratiae_n dei_fw-la aliquid_fw-la subtrahit_fw-la potestati_fw-la naturae_fw-la cùm_fw-la verò_fw-la aliquid_fw-la gratiae_n dei_fw-la subtrahitur_fw-la &_o naturae_fw-la tribuitur_fw-la quod_fw-la gratiae_n est_fw-la ibi_fw-la potest_fw-la periculum_fw-la intervenire_fw-la cassandri_n consuloat_v art_n 18._o and_o we_o say_v the_o whole_a be_v the_o artificer_n albeit_o he_o have_v work_v man_n under_o he_o so_o the_o whole_a of_o good_a must_v be_v ascribe_v to_o god_n so_o in_o genes_n 715._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o whole_a be_v from_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n so_o add_v ephes_n hom._n 18._o speak_v of_o paul_n he_o say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d thou_o see_v how_o in_o allthing_n be_v conceles_a what_o be_v his_o own_o and_o ascribe_v all_o to_o god_n so_o greg._n nazianz._n orat._n 31._o speak_v of_o paul_n say_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o ascribe_v all_o to_o god_n thus_o also_o cyril_n alexandr_n and_o other_o as_o court_n gent._n p._n 2._o b._n 3._o ch._n 9_o sect._n 3_o §_o 12._o this_o partial_a concourse_n suppose_v god_n and_o the_o creature_n to_o act_v together_o in_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o causalitie_n which_o be_v repugnant_a both_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n as_o also_o to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o creature_n 1_o this_o partial_a concourse_n be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o independent_a simple_a perfect_a nature_n of_o god_n as_o also_o to_o his_o prime_n sovereign_a effication_n causalitie_n what_o more_o incongruous_a and_o unbecoming_a
and_o dependence_n of_o all_o second_o cause_n every_o be_v by_o participation_n be_v limit_v and_o where_o there_o be_v limit_n of_o essence_n there_o necessary_o be_v limit_n of_o activity_n and_o operation_n a_o creature_n can_v as_o well_o give_v be_v to_o itself_o as_o actuate_v itself_o independent_o as_o to_o the_o first_o cause_n whatever_o receive_v its_o be_v by_o participation_n receive_v also_o its_o operation_n in_o the_o same_o mode_n of_o participation_n dependence_n on_o god_n in_o operation_n be_v as_o essental_a and_o intrinsec_fw-la to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o creature_n as_o dependence_n on_o god_n in_o essence_n and_o conservation_n of_o that_o essence_n yea_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o a_o implicit_a contradiction_n to_o say_v that_o a_o creature_n act_n without_o dependence_n on_o god_n for_o that_o act_n as_o suarez_n and_o other_o prove_v and_o the_o reason_n be_v most_o demonstrative_a for_o as_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o the_o mode_n of_o operate_n always_o follow_v the_o mode_n of_o essence_n if_o the_o essence_n depend_v on_o god_n for_o its_o production_n and_o conservation_n so_o must_v the_o operation_n whatever_o be_v a_o be_v by_o participation_n must_v also_o be_v a_o agent_n by_o participation_n yea_o the_o very_a act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v a_o be_v by_o participation_n and_o therefore_o it_o require_v the_o concourse_n and_o influx_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n for_o its_o production_n conservation_n and_o promotion_n 3_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o its_o perfection_n if_o god_n concur_v not_o immediate_o to_o every_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n he_o be_v not_o the_o universal_a cause_n of_o allthing_n neither_o be_v he_o omnipotent_a and_o most_o perfect_a for_o that_o very_a act_n be_v a_o real_a be_v or_o if_o you_o will_v a_o mode_n of_o be_v and_o so_o reducible_a to_o real_a entity_n it_o can_v be_v pure_a nothing_o because_o pure_a nothing_o can_v be_v the_o term_n or_o effect_v of_o a_o real_a production_n if_o then_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v a_o real_a positive_a entity_n or_o mode_n and_o yet_o god_n not_o the_o first_o cause_n thereof_o than_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o god_n be_v not_o the_o universal_a cause_n of_o allthing_n neither_o be_v he_o omnipotent_a because_o he_o can_v produce_v that_o real_a act_n neither_o be_v he_o most_o perfect_a because_o there_o be_v something_o in_o nature_n physical_o perfect_a which_o he_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o dependence_n on_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n albeit_o it_o imply_v something_o of_o imperfection_n in_o the_o creature_n as_o a_o creature_n yet_o it_o import_v perfection_n in_o god_n neither_o can_v his_o absolute_a perfection_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v preserve_v and_o maintain_v without_o it_o 4_o from_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n if_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n concur_v not_o immediate_o to_o all_o act_n of_o second_o cause_n how_o can_v he_o order_v direct_v and_o govern_v they_o so_o as_o they_o shall_v all_o determine_v in_o his_o own_o glory_n again_o how_o can_v he_o hinder_v such_o act_n as_o impugn_v his_o own_o end_n and_o design_n do_v not_o this_o antithesis_fw-la of_o durandus_fw-la and_o other_o who_o deny_v god_n to_o concur_v immediate_o to_o all_o act_n of_o second_o cause_n cut_v off_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o divine_a providence_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o order_n and_o direct_v all_o human_a act_n for_o his_o own_o glory_n 2._o prop._n god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n immediate_o concur_v not_o only_o to_o the_o act_n but_o also_o the_o second_o cause_n itself_o and_o its_o will_n if_o it_o be_v a_o free_a agent_n self_n god_n immediate_o concur_v to_o second_o cause_n self_n this_o proposition_n may_v be_v demonstrate_v 1_o by_o all_o the_o fore_n mention_v argument_n which_o prove_v god_n immediate_a concourse_n to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n for_o every_o efficient_a cause_n produce_v in_o a_o subject_a a_o act_n connatural_a to_o the_o power_n of_o he_o subject_n must_v needs_o influence_n and_o actuate_v that_o power_n wherefore_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n produce_v in_o the_o will_n of_o man_n a_o act_n connatural_a thereto_o must_v necessary_o actuate_v and_o influence_n the_o say_a will_n in_o such_o a_o production_n 2_o that_o god_n immediate_a concourse_n reach_v the_o human_a will_n and_o not_o only_o its_o act_n be_v evident_a because_o it_o determine_v the_o will_n to_o act_v for_o grant_v but_o this_o that_o the_o human_a will_n be_v not_o the_o first_o cause_n of_o its_o own_o act_n but_o dependent_a on_o god_n for_o the_o production_n thereof_o which_o the_o jesuit_n grant_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v actuate_v and_o determine_v by_o god_n in_o all_o its_o acts._n it_o be_v true_a the_o human_a will_n be_v a_o free_a agent_n and_o so_o a_o self-determining_a power_n but_o yet_o this_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o it_o be_v also_o determine_v by_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n god_n determine_v the_o will_n to_o determine_v it_o self_n as_o he_o move_v the_o will_n to_o move_v itself_o if_o god_n do_v not_o determine_v and_o move_v the_o will_n it_o can_v not_o determine_v and_o move_v itself_o 3_o sacred_a philosophy_n be_v express_v herein_o that_o god_n work_v immediate_o on_o the_o will_n as_o well_o as_o on_o its_o act_n and_o effect_n so_o philip._n 2.13_o god_n be_v say_v to_o work_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o will_n and_o to_o do_v and_o how_o can_v he_o work_v to_o will_n unless_o he_o work_v upon_o the_o will_n can_v there_o be_v any_o way_n assign_v how_o god_n shall_v work_v to_o will_n and_o yet_o not_o immediate_o determine_v and_o move_v the_o will_n 10._o psal_n 139.9_o 10._o so_o psal_n 139.9_o 10._o if_o i_o take_v the_o wing_n of_o the_o morning_n i.e._n sly_a most_o swift_o as_o the_o morning_n and_o dwell_v in_o the_o utmost_a part_n of_o the_o sea_n even_o there_o shall_v thy_o hand_n lead_v i_o and_o thy_o right_a hand_n shall_v hold_v i_o his_o mind_n be_v that_o he_o can_v fly_v from_o the_o immediate_a presence_n of_o god_n because_o wherever_o he_o go_v his_o immediate_a hand_n or_o concourse_n must_v lead_v he_o to_o lead_v a_o man_n by_o the_o hand_n and_o to_o hold_v he_o here_o denote_v god_n immediate_a concourse_n on_o the_o will_n and_o its_o acts._n 3._o prop._n god_n concur_v immediate_o to_o the_o effect_n by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o act_n with_o the_o second_o cause_n same_o the_o act_n of_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n the_o same_o for_o the_o explication_n of_o this_o proposition_n we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o the_o causation_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o second_o but_o only_o the_o action_n whereby_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n concur_v to_o the_o production_n of_o the_o effect_n for_o albeit_o the_o influx_n of_o the_o first_o cause_n be_v distinct_a from_o that_o of_o the_o second_o yet_o the_o act_n whereby_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n produce_v the_o effect_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o arbitrio_fw-la duo_o individuo_fw-la opere_fw-la operantes_fw-la necessario_fw-la agant_fw-la unum_fw-la &_o idem_fw-la cùm_fw-la indivisa_fw-la sit_fw-la corum_fw-la actio_fw-la si_fw-la autem_fw-la agerent_fw-la diversis_fw-la actionibus_fw-la oporteret_fw-la operata_fw-la esse_fw-la divisa_fw-la ficut_fw-la è_fw-la contrà _fw-la actio_fw-la indivisa_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la sacere_fw-la divisa_fw-la opera_fw-la grossetesle_n de_fw-fr libero_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la this_o be_v incomparable_o well_o demonstrate_v by_o our_o learned_a and_o great_a grosseteste_a bishop_n of_o lincoln_n in_o his_o tractate_n de_fw-fr libero_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la in_o m._n ss_z where_o he_o acute_o prove_v that_o the_o action_n of_o god_n and_o the_o second_o cause_n whereby_o the_o effect_n be_v produce_v can_v be_v deverse_n because_o the_o effect_n be_v but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o which_o proceed_v total_o from_o god_n as_o the_o first_o cause_n and_o total_o from_o the_o second_o cause_n as_o hereafter_o prop._n 4._o for_o the_o more_o full_a explication_n whereof_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o the_o active_a and_o passive_a efficience_n of_o god_n god_n active_a efficience_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o immanent_a efficacious_a act_n of_o his_o will_n which_o without_o all_o peradventure_o differ_v infinite_o from_o the_o efficience_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n yet_o god_n passive_a efficience_n as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n be_v not_o real_o distinct_a therefrom_o for_o it_o be_v no_o way_n incongruous_a or_o inconsistent_a that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o act_n proceed_v from_o two_o different_a total_a cause_n of_o different_a kind_n such_o as_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n be_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o one_o and_o the_o same_o act_n both_o of_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n
and_o the_o same_o simple_o in_o the_o some_o form_n in_o which_o excellent_a explication_n and_o demonstration_n of_o the_o immutabilitie_n of_o god_n we_o have_v these_o observables_n 1_o he_o make_v mention_n of_o god_n in_o the_o plural_a number_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o severity_n of_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n but_o intend_v thereby_o one_o only_a god_n as_o before_o in_o the_o unity_n of_o god_n 2_o he_o demonstrate_v this_o one_o god_n to_o be_v immutable_a because_o he_o can_v be_v change_v either_o by_o any_o other_o or_o by_o himself_o that_o he_o can_v be_v change_v by_o any_o other_o he_o prove_v because_o all_o change_n be_v for_o the_o better_a but_o god_n can_v be_v change_v for_o the_o better_a because_o he_o be_v best_o the_o same_o argument_n he_o use_v to_o prove_v that_o god_n can_v change_v himself_o for_o such_o a_o mutation_n will_v be_v either_o perfective_a or_o amissive_a god_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o any_o perfective_a mutation_n because_o he_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a be_v neither_o be_v it_o possible_a that_o he_o shall_v affect_v any_o amissive_a mutation_n because_o none_o willing_o change_v for_o the_o worse_o proclus_n add_v that_o god_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d invariable_a because_o all_o mutation_n be_v a_o sign_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o infirmity_n as_o it_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o the_o omnipotent_a essence_n in_o sum_n this_o immutabilitie_n of_o the_o divine_a essence_n be_v that_o attribute_n whereby_o god_n be_v say_v to_o preserve_v his_o own_o be_v without_o the_o least_o power_n of_o not_o be_v or_o conversion_n into_o any_o other_o essence_n or_o increment_n and_o decrement_n or_o alteration_n and_o motion_n 1._o acts._n god_n immutable_a in_o his_o immanent_a acts._n god_n be_v immutable_a in_o all_o his_o immanent_a act_n and_o decree_n there_o be_v a_o twofold_a mutation_n physic_n and_o moral_n physic_n mutation_n be_v by_o addition_n or_o ablation_n and_o substraction_n of_o some_o real_a entity_n moral_a mutation_n be_v either_o of_o science_n and_o knowledge_n as_o when_o a_o man_n judge_v that_o false_a which_o he_o before_o think_v to_o be_v true_a or_o else_o of_o will_n and_o purpose_n when_o a_o man_n will_v that_o which_o before_o he_o nill_v etc._n etc._n god_n be_v absolute_o immutable_a in_o all_o these_o respect_n he_o be_v neither_o capable_a of_o physic_n nor_o yet_o of_o moral_a mutation_n either_o as_o to_o knowledge_n or_o wil._n for_o all_o mutation_n either_o of_o knowledge_n or_o will_n imply_v inconstance_n and_o imperfection_n if_o not_o imprudence_n and_o infidelity_n which_o be_v all_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o divine_a be_v knowledge_n 1._o knowledge_n 1_o god_n can_v be_v say_v to_o change_v in_o regard_n of_o his_o knowledge_n because_o his_o knowledge_n be_v not_o distinct_a from_o his_o be_v he_o know_v himself_o and_o allthing_n else_o in_o and_o by_o himself_o he_o can_v know_v any_o thing_n that_o he_o do_v not_o know_v before_o neither_o can_v he_o know_v any_o thing_n otherwise_o than_o he_o do_v before_o he_o know_v thing_n successive_a without_o succession_n by_o intuition_n also_o thing_n complexe_v by_o one_o simple_a intuitive_a act_n his_o knowledge_n be_v as_o necessary_a and_o eternal_a as_o his_o essence_n and_o therefore_o most_o perfect_a and_o immutable_a both_o extensive_o and_o intensive_o object_n know_v by_o god_n be_v variable_a but_o his_o knowledge_n of_o they_o and_o of_o their_o variation_n invariable_a allthing_n be_v the_o same_o to_o god_n knowledge_n as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o own_o being_n thing_n past_a present_a future_a be_v present_a to_o god_n in_o all_o their_o circumstance_n and_o difference_n if_o god_n science_n shall_v be_v change_v it_o will_v be_v about_o thing_n future_a when_o they_o be_v present_a and_o so_o pass_v into_o preterite_n or_o what_o be_v past_a but_o this_o can_v be_v because_o those_o circumstance_n of_o future_a present_a past_o be_v all_o determine_v by_o the_o divine_a will_n and_o so_o present_a to_o his_o science_n of_o vision_n moreover_o no_o object_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o divine_a knowledge_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o divine_a knowledge_n and_o will_n the_o cause_n of_o all_o object_n future_a present_a and_o past_a in_o sum_n god_n know_v all_o particular_a object_n and_o circumstance_n intrinsical_o in_o the_o glass_n of_o his_o own_o essence_n and_o therefore_o invariable_o and_o uniform_o thing_n both_o complexe_n and_o simple_a may_v vary_v but_o god_n know_v they_o all_o invariable_o in_o the_o infinite_a claritie_n of_o his_o own_o divine_a essence_n and_o idea_n every_o thing_n future_a if_o we_o compare_v it_o with_o the_o prescience_n of_o god_n it_o be_v necessary_a and_o necessary_o know_v by_o he_o this_o immutabilitie_n of_o the_o divine_a knowledge_n plato_n oft_o inculcate_n under_o his_o divine_a idea_n by_o mean_n whereof_o he_o make_v god_n to_o have_v the_o most_o accurate_a absolute_a infinite_a eternal_a and_o immutable_a knowledge_n of_o allthing_n so_o in_o his_o timaeus_n pag._n 28._o as_o in_o his_o parmenides_n pag._n 134_o etc._n etc._n as_o before_o p._n 2._o b._n 3._o c._n 9_o s._n 1._o §_o 4._o and_o in_o what_o follow_v chap._n 4._o 2_o god_n be_v immutable_a in_o all_o the_o act_n and_o decree_n of_o his_o wil._n wil._n 2._o wil._n for_o these_o also_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o idea_n with_o the_o divine_a essence_n again_o if_o god_n will_n be_v mutable_a his_o knowledge_n must_v also_o be_v so_o for_o god_n can_v know_v thing_n future_a but_o by_o the_o determination_n of_o his_o own_o will_n whence_o they_o receive_v their_o futurition_n it_o be_v true_a god_n will_v all_o mutation_n of_o thing_n yet_o his_o will_n admit_v no_o mutation_n it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o change_v a_o will_n aquin._n deus_fw-la non_fw-la mutat_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la sed_fw-la vult_fw-la mutationem_fw-la rerum_fw-la aquin._n and_o another_o to_o will_v a_o change_n for_o god_n by_o the_o same_o immutable_a will_n decree_n that_o in_o such_o a_o period_n of_o time_n such_o a_o thing_n shall_v be_v and_o in_o another_o the_o contrary_a without_o any_o beginning_n to_o will_v what_o he_o will_v not_o before_o or_o cease_v to_o will_v what_o he_o before_o will_v god_n begin_v to_o will_n or_o will_v nothing_o all_o his_o will_n and_o nils_n be_v eternal_a he_o hate_v nothing_o that_o he_o before_o love_v nor_o love_v any_o thing_n that_o he_o before_o hate_v neither_o do_v his_o will_v admit_v any_o degree_n of_o some_o or_o less_o no_o immanent_a act_n or_o intrinsec_fw-la denomination_n can_v happen_v the_o nouâ—_n unto_o god_n albeit_o many_o yea_o infinite_a extern_a relative_a denomination_n may_v be_v attribute_v to_o he_o thus_o the_o extern_a relative_a denomination_n of_o creator_n be_v give_v to_o god_n in_o time_n not_o intrinsical_o but_o extrinsecal_o the_o change_n of_o creation_n be_v not_o in_o god_n but_o in_o the_o creature_n the_o very_a act_n of_o creation_n take_v passive_o and_o extrinsecal_o be_v in_o the_o creature_n and_o not_o real_o distinguish_v from_o it_o if_o we_o consider_v it_o active_o as_o in_o god_n so_o it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o will_n and_o essence_n of_o god_n in_o which_o regard_n god_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v creator_n from_o all_o eternity_n as_o his_o will_n be_v the_o productive_a cause_n of_o athing_n thus_o all_o other_o extern_a relation_n and_o denomination_n attribute_v to_o god_n in_o time_n as_o lord_n father_n etc._n etc._n be_v not_o because_o of_o any_o new_a thing_n in_o god_n but_o in_o regard_n of_o something_o new_a in_o the_o creature_n from_o god_n there_o be_v no_o new_a act_n in_o god_n which_o be_v not_o from_o eternity_n albeit_o the_o effect_n of_o those_o act_n be_v not_o from_o eternity_n but_o in_o time_n all_o mutation_n be_v proper_a to_o creature_n only_o because_o creature_n and_o the_o mutability_n of_o the_o creature_n can_v have_v no_o influence_n on_o the_o immutable_a god_n thus_o damascene_fw-la orthodox_n fid._n l._n 1._o c._n 18._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d therefore_o god_n be_v altogether_o immutable_a and_o inalterable_a for_o he_o have_v determine_v allthing_n by_o his_o prescience_n every_o thing_n according_a to_o its_o proper_a and_o convenient_a season_n and_o place_n wherein_o note_n 1_o that_o by_o god_n prescience_n must_v be_v understand_v the_o divine_a decree_n whence_o his_o prescience_n resulte_v and_o therefore_o oft_o put_v for_o it_o 2_o that_o by_o this_o divine_a prescience_n and_o decree_n allthing_n though_o most_o mutable_a and_o variable_a as_o to_o their_o proper_a time_n and_o place_n be_v immutable_o determine_v 3._o god_n be_v also_o immutable_a in_o regard_n of_o his_o word_n word_n god_n immutabilitie_n in_o regard_n of_o his_o word_n god_n be_v the_o first_o intellect_n and_o truth_n he_o can_v
fluent_a time_n to_o mount_v up_o above_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n to_o the_o contemplation_n of_o eternity_n which_o be_v without_o mutability_n of_o succession_n and_o then_o he_o give_v we_o a_o ingenuous_a confession_n that_o this_o be_v his_o great_a error_n when_o young_a and_o infect_v wih_o pelagian_a infusion_n i_o say_v he_o when_o i_o be_v young_a and_o ignorant_a of_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o power_n of_o god_n be_v blind_v with_o this_o ignorance_n or_o rather_o bear_v blind_a and_o deceive_v with_o a_o false_a imagination_n i_o conceit_a that_o the_o divine_a knowledge_n and_o will_n be_v change_v and_o otherwise_o dispose_v by_o the_o vicissitude_n of_o time_n as_o human_a knowledge_n and_o wil._n as_o to_o such_o as_o supersicial_o read_v the_o scripture_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o god_n be_v this_o or_o that_o way_n various_o affect_v as_o man_n be_v and_o this_o ignorance_n i_o judge_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o some_o other_o like_v to_o i_o think_v that_o god_n be_v otherwise_o and_o otherwise_o dispose_v intrinsical_o etc._n etc._n therefore_o to_o cure_v these_o ignorances_n and_n error_n about_o eternity_n we_o may_v consider_v the_o follow_a proposition_n 1._o time_n eternity_n not_o to_o be_v measure_v by_o time_n prop._n eternity_n can_v be_v measure_v by_o any_o difference_n or_o law_n of_o time_n this_o proposition_n be_v lay_v down_o in_o express_a term_n by_o plato_n tim._n pag._n 37._o where_o he_o large_o demonstrate_v that_o no_o difference_n of_o time_n either_o future_a or_o past_o can_v be_v attribute_v to_o eternity_n as_o before_o it_o be_v true_a he_o tell_v we_o that_o god_n make_v time_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o certain_a mobile_a image_n of_o immobile_a eternity_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o none_o of_o its_o difference_n can_v proper_o be_v ascribe_v thereto_o so_o parmen_fw-la pag._n 141._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o one_o god_n no_o way_n participate_v of_o time_n as_o before_o so_o philo_n judaeus_n de_fw-fr mundo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lo_o eternity_n there_o be_v nothing_o past_a nothing_o future_a etc._n etc._n thus_o damascene_fw-la orthod_n fid._n l._n 2._o c._n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whatever_o have_v beginning_n may_v natural_o have_v a_o end_n but_o god_n only_o be_v ever_o existent_a yea_o rather_o about_o ever_o for_o he_o be_v not_o under_o time_n but_o above_o time_n and_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o eternity_n of_o god_n be_v oft_o in_o scripture_n describe_v by_o difference_n of_o time_n we_o answer_v that_o these_o be_v but_o metaphoric_n mode_n of_o speech_n wherein_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n condescend_v to_o our_o narrow_a capacity_n describe_v the_o eternal_a infinite_a duration_n of_o god_n by_o the_o difference_n of_o time_n yet_o so_o as_o that_o he_o express_o declare_v that_o they_o do_v not_o proper_o agree_v to_o god_n but_o be_v only_o assume_v as_o symbolic_a image_n of_o god_n eternity_n which_o be_v plato_n own_o phrase_n and_o bradwardine_n l._n 2._o c._n 51._o give_v we_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o translation_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o transumtion_n be_v because_o we_o have_v not_o a_o word_n which_o proper_o signify_v the_o stable_a mansion_n of_o eternity_n wherefore_o we_o be_v force_v to_o transfer_v by_o way_n of_o similitude_n our_o temporal_a word_n according_a to_o certain_a temporal_a difference_n to_o eternity_n and_o god_n coeternal_a intrinsec_fw-la acts._n that_o neither_o god_n nor_o any_o intrinsec_fw-la act_n of_o god_n can_v be_v proper_o measure_v by_o time_n or_o any_o difference_n thereof_o be_v evident_a because_o time_n and_o all_o its_o difference_n be_v a_o variable_a mutable_a and_o divisible_a measure_n but_o the_o eternal_a god_n and_o all_o his_o immanent_a act_n invariable_a immutable_a and_o indivisible_a in_o eternity_n there_o be_v no_o divisibilitie_n no_o majoritie_n or_o minority_n no_o priority_n or_o posterioritie_n no_o accession_n recession_n or_o succession_n no_o successive_a difference_n of_o time_n but_o one_o indivisible_a simple_a permanent_a instant_n thus_o suarez_n metaph_n disp_n 50._o sect._n 3._o pag._n 639._o prove_n that_o what_o be_v eternal_a can_v as_o to_o its_o own_o nature_n admit_v the_o difference_n of_o past_a and_o future_a albeit_o by_o reason_n of_o our_o imperfection_n we_o so_o speak_v of_o it_o sometime_o how_o far_o time_n and_o its_o difference_n may_v be_v comprehend_v by_o eternity_n we_o shall_v explicate_v in_o what_o follow_v 4._o prop._n 2._o prop._n eternity_n be_v a_o interminable_a duration_n end_n eternity_n without_o beginning_n or_o end_n without_o beginning_n or_o end_n in_o eternity_n and_o all_o eternal_a act_n neither_o first_o or_o last_o can_v be_v proper_o assign_v this_o interminable_a duration_n of_o eternity_n be_v lively_o illustrate_v in_o sacred_a philosophy_n by_o all_o those_o description_n of_o god_n which_o make_v he_o to_o be_v the_o first_o and_o the_o last_o as_o esa_n 41_o 4._o &_o 44.6_o &_o 48.12_o rev._n 1.8_o 11._o he_o be_v the_o first_o be_v and_o so_o without_o beginning_n and_o the_o last_o as_o have_v no_o end_n thus_o the_o stoic_n hold_v that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d god_n be_v incorruptible_a and_o ingenerable_a i._n e._n without_o beginning_n and_o end_n as_o lacertius_fw-la in_o zeno._n 1_o that_o the_o eternity_n of_o god_n be_v without_o beginning_n be_v evident_a by_o many_o philosopheme_v of_o plato_n as_o phaedrus_n pag._n 245._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o first_o principe_n have_v no_o beginning_n but_o it_o give_v beginning_n to_o allthing_n so_o in_o his_o parmenides_n pag._n 141._o he_o prove_v that_o the_o one_o god_n have_v no_o beginning_n etc._n etc._n as_o before_o thus_o thales_n in_o laertius_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d god_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o being_n because_o without_o beginning_n 2_o that_o the_o eternity_n of_o god_n shall_v have_v no_o end_n plato_n asserte_n in_o his_o phaedo_fw-la pag._n 106._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o god_n say_v socrates_n the_o very_a idea_n or_o essence_n of_o life_n as_o i_o judge_v and_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v immortal_a it_o be_v evident_a to_o all_o that_o he_o can_v cease_v to_o be_v he_o make_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v immortal_a also_o but_o the_o immortality_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o original_a idea_n and_o essence_n of_o life_n to_o be_v of_o a_o more_o transcendent_a nature_n thus_o in_o his_o timaeus_n he_o distinguish_v between_o the_o eternity_n or_o immortality_n of_o angel_n and_o the_o human_a soul_n which_o have_v no_o end_n and_o the_o eternity_n of_o god_n which_o be_v absolute_a without_o beginning_n and_o end_n the_o eternity_n of_o god_n he_o make_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d primary_n absolute_a and_o independent_a as_o to_o all_o causalitie_n and_o therefore_o not_o communicable_a to_o the_o creature_n but_o the_o eternity_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o creature_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o a_o participation_n of_o be_v i._n e._n dependent_a on_o the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o that_o of_o angel_n and_o the_o human_a soul_n which_o shall_v have_v no_o end_n albeit_o they_o have_v beginning_n the_o best_a of_o creature_n have_v but_o a_o half-eternitie_n albeit_o they_o have_v no_o end_n yet_o they_o have_v a_o beginning_n they_o may_v be_v to_o everlasting_a but_o be_v not_o from_o everlasting_a as_o god_n be_v psal_n 90.2_o beside_o the_o eternity_n of_o creature_n be_v not_o intrinsical_v from_o a_o necessity_n of_o be_v but_o dependent_a on_o the_o pleasure_n of_o god_n 3._o uniform_a eternity_n most_o simple_a and_o uniform_a prop._n eternity_n be_v a_o measure_n most_o simple_a uniform_a absolute_o indivisible_a without_o the_o least_o composition_n or_o succession_n 1_o when_o we_o call_v eternity_n a_o measure_n it_o must_v not_o be_v understand_v formal_o either_o as_o to_o god_n or_o the_o creature_n because_o every_o measure_n formal_o consider_v speak_v relation_n to_o the_o thing_n measure_v but_o if_o the_o creature_n never_o have_v be_v god_n have_v be_v eternal_a neither_o can_v a_o measure_n formal_o consider_v be_v apply_v to_o god_n because_o a_o measure_n be_v ever_o distinguish_v from_o the_o thing_n measure_v but_o eternity_n be_v not_o distinguish_v from_o god_n therefore_o when_o we_o call_v eternity_n a_o measure_n it_o must_v be_v understand_v metaphorical_o and_o according_a to_o our_o manner_n of_o speech_n 2_o we_o say_v eternity_n be_v a_o simple_a uniform_a measure_n i._n e._n without_o all_o part_n divisibilitie_n or_o succession_n the_o antithesis_fw-la to_o this_o thesis_n be_v maintain_v by_o vorstius_n and_o the_o socinian_o contrary_a to_o the_o dictate_v both_o of_o sacred_a and_o platonic_a philosophy_n thus_o plato_n tim._n pag._n 37._o assure_v we_o that_o the_o part_n of_o time_n it_o be_v and_o it_o be_v agree_v not_o to_o
of_o our_o understanding_n be_v mutable_a because_o dependent_a on_o extern_a object_n and_o medium_n but_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o divine_a understanding_n immutable_a and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o all_o truth_n as_o aquinas_n well_o note_n this_o be_v incomparable_o well_o illustrate_v by_o bradwardine_n l._n 1._o c._n 24._o pag._n 244._o god_n say_v he_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o most_o infinite_a claritie_n comprehende_v allthing_n and_o all_o particle_n of_o time_n as_o they_o be_v most_o true_o in_o himself_o for_o he_o need_v not_o comparation_n or_o relation_n of_o thing_n past_a or_o future_a to_o the_o present_a instant_n according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o human_a infirmity_n but_o he_o understande_v allthing_n together_o and_o most_o clear_o by_o his_o own_o essence_n and_o will_n which_o represence_n allthing_n uniform_o and_o invariable_o as_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o immobile_a eye_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o shall_v see_v by_o extramission_n and_o active_o as_o god_n see_v it_o will_v then_o always_o see_v uniform_o without_o all_o mutation_n every_o part_n of_o the_o heaven_n turn_v round_o and_o the_o same_o part_n now_o in_o the_o east_n and_o anon_o in_o the_o south_n and_o then_o in_o the_o west_n thus_o god_n in_o like_a manner_n see_v all_o variable_a object_n and_o part_n of_o time_n with_o their_o distinct_a vicissitude_n and_o succession_n without_o the_o least_o variation_n or_o succession_n because_o he_o see_v allthing_n not_o passive_o by_o species_n and_o impression_n receive_v from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o but_o active_o in_o his_o own_o essence_n and_o will_n the_o active_a principe_n of_o al._n we_o poor_a mortal_n by_o reason_n of_o our_o infirmity_n can_v distinct_o apprehend_v all_o the_o particle_n of_o time_n always_o fluent_a and_o succeed_v each_o other_o and_o therefore_o we_o take_v the_o present_a instant_n which_o of_o all_o time_n be_v most_o actual_a and_o best_a know_v to_o we_o and_o make_v it_o the_o measure_n of_o past_a present_a and_o future_a time_n whence_o our_o knowledge_n also_o be_v successive_a and_o mutable_a but_o god_n who_o know_v allthing_n in_o his_o own_o eternity_n be_v not_o liable_a to_o such_o succession_n and_o mutation_n his_o science_n be_v a_o pure_a necessary_a act_n must_v needs_o be_v immutable_a and_o invariable_a albeit_o it_o terminate_v on_o object_n in_o themselves_o most_o mutable_a and_o variable_a the_o mutation_n of_o the_o object_n make_v no_o mutation_n in_o the_o divine_a science_n because_o the_o mutable_a object_n be_v only_o the_o secundary_a object_n of_o god_n knowledge_n the_o primary_n object_n be_v the_o divine_a essence_n which_o be_v immutable_a and_o therefore_o the_o divine_a science_n such_o also_o shall_v god_n knowledge_n depend_v on_o the_o object_n know_v than_o it_o will_v be_v mutable_a as_o they_o be_v but_o not_o otherwise_o god_n necessary_o know_v every_o entity_n both_o actual_a and_o potential_a wherefore_o 1_o he_o can_v never_o know_v any_o thing_n that_o he_o be_v ever_o ignorant_a of_o 2_o he_o can_v never_o be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o he_o ever_o know_v 3_o he_o can_v know_v more_o of_o few_o thing_n than_o he_o know_v 4_o he_o can_v begin_v to_o know_v what_o he_o before_o know_v not_o or_o not_o to_o know_v what_o before_o he_o know_v because_o nothing_o begin_v to_o be_v future_a this_o immutabilitie_n of_o the_o divine_a science_n as_o to_o thing_n future_a arise_v from_o the_o determination_n of_o his_o own_o sovereign_a will_n and_o not_o from_o any_o thing_n in_o the_o object_n be_v nervose_o demonstrate_v by_o pious_a and_o learned_a robert_n grosseteste_a bishop_n of_o lincoln_n in_o his_o elaborate_a mss._n de_fw-fr libero_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la which_o lie_v bury_v in_o exeter_n college_n library_n oxon._n wherein_o he_o copiose_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o cause_n origines_fw-la and_o reason_n of_o allthing_n future_a though_o in_o themselves_o never_o so_o instable_n be_v most_o stable_a immutable_a necessary_a yea_o eternal_a in_o the_o divine_a decree_n and_o will_n whence_o also_o the_o divine_a science_n be_v most_o certain_a necessary_a and_o immutable_a this_o he_o confirm_v by_o plato_n idea_n which_o be_v immutable_a and_o invariable_a exemplar_n of_o allthing_n future_a as_o before_o that_o the_o divine_a science_n be_v immutable_a and_o necessary_a so_o greg._n ariminens_n sent._n l._n 1._o dist_n 39_o pag._n 130_o 140._o hence_o 4._o the_o divine_a science_n be_v most_o certain_a and_o infallible_a certain_a 4._o divine_a science_n most_o certain_a thus_o plato_n repub._n 2._o pag._n 382._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n i_o judge_v no_o mortal_a will_v be_v real_o willing_a both_o to_o deceive_v and_o be_v deceive_v or_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o supreme_a being_n much_o less_o god_n the_o science_n of_o god_n be_v necessary_a ad_fw-la immutable_a it_o can_v but_o be_v most_o certain_a and_o infallible_a to_o know_v thing_n certain_o be_v to_o know_v they_o in_o their_o cause_n now_o god_n will_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o allthing_n he_o thence_o know_v they_o perfect_o god_n science_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o the_o future_a event_n for_o where_o there_o be_v a_o determinate_a effect_n there_o must_v be_v a_o determinate_a cause_n and_o where_o the_o cause_n be_v determinate_a there_o the_o science_n also_o may_v be_v determinate_a the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n future_a in_o god_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n present_a for_o every_o future_a compare_v to_o god_n the_o first_o cause_n and_o his_o science_n be_v necessary_a and_o necessary_o future_a albeit_o as_o compare_v to_o the_o second_o cause_n some_o effect_n may_v be_v contingent_a or_o contingent_o future_a the_o primary_n object_n of_o the_o divine_a science_n be_v infinite_o perfect_a namely_o the_o divine_a essence_n it_o can_v but_o be_v most_o certain_a and_o infallible_a if_o there_o be_v any_o certainty_n and_o infallibility_n in_o human_a science_n how_o much_o more_o in_o divine_a science_n which_o penetrate_v all_o essence_n and_o truth_n with_o the_o most_o perfect_a light_n and_o most_o simple_a intuition_n contemplate_v every_o be_v and_o truth_n as_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o in_o the_o glass_n of_o the_o divine_a essence_n the_o divine_a intellect_n see_v allthing_n as_o existent_a in_o themselves_o by_o the_o infinite_a light_n of_o the_o divine_a essence_n and_o therefore_o most_o certain_o and_o infallible_o as_o esa_n 40.13_o 14._o hence_o 5._o the_o dâ—â—â—â—e_a science_n be_v absolute_a and_o independent_a not_o conditionate_n and_o dependent_a on_o any_o create_v object_n thus_o plato_n dependent_a 5._o god_n science_n absolute_a and_o in_o dependent_a in_o his_o parmenides_n pag._n 134_o etc._n etc._n make_v his_o divine_a idea_n to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d self-subsistent_a and_o independent_a as_o to_o all_o extern_a object_n and_o condition_n for_o otherwise_o say_v he_o god_n shall_v not_o have_v a_o certain_a knowledge_n of_o and_o sovereign_a dominion_n over_o human_a affair_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o effect_n shall_v be_v or_o be_v understand_v as_o future_a in_o any_o case_n but_o dependent_o on_o its_o efficient_a cause_n now_o what_o be_v the_o first_o and_o universal_a essicient_a of_o all_o effect_n but_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n on_o which_o every_o effect_n depend_v more_o than_o on_o its_o proxime_fw-la cause_n therefore_o as_o nothing_o be_v antecedent_n to_o the_o divine_a will_n so_o no_o hypothesis_n or_o condition_n be_v cognoscible_a or_o knowable_a antecedent_o thereto_o god_n knowledge_n as_o it_o depend_v not_o on_o the_o existence_n of_o create_a object_n so_o neither_o on_o any_o hypothesis_n or_o condition_n that_o be_v appendent_a unto_o such_o object_n place_v in_o such_o circumstance_n for_o all_o future_n whether_o absolute_a or_o conditionate_n be_v know_v by_o god_n not_o from_o the_o determination_n of_o second_o cause_n but_o from_o the_o determinatin_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n which_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n for_o whence_o spring_v the_o futurition_n of_o thing_n but_o from_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n and_o must_v not_o then_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o divine_a will_v be_v precedent_n to_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o second_o cause_o and_o if_o so_o may_v we_o not_o then_o hence_o conclude_v that_o god_n science_n arise_v from_o the_o determination_n of_o his_o own_o will_n depend_v not_o on_o the_o existence_n of_o or_o any_o condition_n that_o belong_v to_o future_a object_n if_o the_o divine_a essence_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o independent_a must_v not_o the_o divine_a science_n which_o be_v identify_v therewith_o be_v also_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o independent_a or_o if_o the_o divine_a science_n shall_v depend_v on_o the_o mutable_a condition_n of_o its_o object_n can_v it_o be_v any_o other_o than_o conjectural_a where_o any_o science_n depend_v on_o its_o
power_n in_o god_n distinct_a from_o his_o wil._n this_o proposition_n have_v be_v already_o demonstrate_v c._n 5._o §_o 4._o yet_o for_o more_o abundant_a conviction_n let_v we_o examine_v the_o origine_fw-la necessity_n and_o use_v of_o a_o executive_a power_n in_o the_o creature_n and_o then_o we_o shall_v see_v what_o little_a ground_n there_o be_v to_o ascribe_v the_o same_o to_o god_n the_o great_a assertor_n and_o promotor_n of_o executive_a power_n have_v be_v aristotle_n and_o his_o sectator_n who_o on_o false_a hypothesis_n presume_v that_o a_o substance_n can_v act_v immediate_o without_o some_o executive_a power_n which_o they_o make_v a_o species_n of_o quality_n albeit_o such_o kind_n of_o qualitative_a power_n be_v now_o general_o explode_v by_o all_o who_o resolve_v not_o to_o serve_v a_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n yet_o there_o still_o remain_v a_o place_n for_o executive_a power_n in_o nature_n when_o the_o principal_a agent_n can_v reach_v the_o effect_n immediate_o thus_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n put_v forth_o all_o act_n of_o sense_n and_o motion_n by_o some_o executive_a power_n yet_o the_o human_a soul_n can_v and_o do_v oft_o act_v immediate_o special_o in_o its_o immanent_a act_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n and_o thus_o god_n in_o all_o his_o effect_n act_n immediate_o by_o his_o omnipotent_a will_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n for_o he_o be_v present_a in_o and_o with_o all_o effect_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o executive_a power_n to_o supply_v his_o absence_n again_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v omnipotent_a as_o c._n 5._o §_o 3._o and_o we_o shall_v anon_o prove_v it_o more_o full_o and_o therefore_o it_o need_v no_o executive_a power_n to_o execute_v what_o it_o will_v be_v not_o the_o divine_a will_n propose_v to_o we_o in_o sacred_a philosophic_a as_o irresistible_a and_o if_o it_o be_v so_o can_v it_o not_o then_o execute_v its_o own_o pleasure_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n indeed_o the_o great_a scholastic_a wit_n have_v espouse_v and_o defend_v this_o hypothesis_n namely_o that_o the_o will_n and_o executive_a power_n of_o god_n be_v real_o the_o same_o and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o rational_o or_o formal_o distinct_a thus_o joan._n major_n 2._o sent._n dist_n 1._o q._n 1._o prove_v that_o god_n create_v the_o world_n by_o his_o intellect_n and_o will_n without_o any_o executive_a power_n formal_o distinct_a of_o which_o hereafter_o §_o 5.4_o prop._n thus_o bradwardine_n l._n 2._o c._n 29._o alvarez_n de_fw-fr auxil_n l._n 2._o p._n 129._o with_o other_o of_o who_o in_o the_o next_o proposition_n and_o indeed_o suarez_n metaph._n disp_n 22._o s._n 2._o p._n 555._o do_v in_o part_n grant_v our_o hypothesis_n in_o that_o he_o acknowlege_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n as_o it_o regard_v the_o effective_a principe_fw-la be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o divine_a will_n which_o concur_v with_o the_o creature_n to_o its_o act_n this_o he_o call_v concursus_fw-la ad_fw-la intrà _fw-la the_o intern_a concourse_n which_o he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o principe_fw-la of_o all_o act_n adextrá_fw-fr yet_o i_o must_v confess_v elsewhere_o namely_o disp_a 30._o s._n 17._o he_o make_v mention_n of_o a_o executive_a power_n in_o god_n the_o same_o with_o his_o essence_n contain_v in_o it_o eminent_o all_o create_v perfection_n and_o so_o some_o divine_n as_o well_o as_o philosopher_n assert_v a_o executive_a power_n in_o god_n thus_o heereboord_n select_a exit_fw-la philosoph_n disp_n 8._o endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o god_n concourse_n whereby_o he_o influence_v thing_n ad_fw-la extra_fw-la be_v not_o simple_o his_o volition_n because_o god_n volition_n simple_o be_v a_o immanent_a act_n but_o his_o concourse_n be_v a_o transient_a act_n ad_fw-la extra_fw-la but_o this_o argument_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o no_o weight_n because_o we_o easy_o grant_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n quoad_fw-la attingentiam_fw-la passivam_fw-la as_o to_o its_o passive_a attingence_n be_v distinct_a from_o god_n and_o the_o same_o with_o the_o concourse_n of_o the_o second_o cause_n or_o effect_n but_o that_o which_o we_o be_v now_o discourse_v of_o be_v the_o concourse_n of_o god_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o active_a attingence_n as_o it_o regard_v god_n the_o principe_n and_o in_o this_o respect_n we_o only_o assert_v that_o the_o concourse_n of_o god_n be_v the_o same_o with_o his_o volition_n simple_o consider_v this_o will_v be_v further_a evident_a by_o the_o next_o proposition_n 3._o prop._n the_o divine_a will_n be_v of_o itself_o omnipotent_a and_o efficacious_a omnipotent_a the_o divine_a will_n omnipotent_a this_o proposition_n be_v most_o evident_a 1_o because_o the_o divine_a will_n can_v be_v frustrate_v thus_o suarez_n 1.2_o ae_z tract_n 3._o disput_fw-la 11._o sect._n 2._o p._n 311._o we_o must_v say_v say_v he_o that_o when_o god_n will_v absolute_o and_o efficacious_o that_o man_n will_v somewhat_o the_o human_a will_n can_v discord_n from_o the_o divine_a the_o reason_n be_v clear_a because_o the_o divine_a will_n efficacious_a and_o simple_o absolute_a can_v be_v fruitrate_v see_v it_o be_v infinite_a so_o bradward_n l._n 1._o c._n 10._o now_o it_o remain_v to_o show_v that_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v universal_o efficacious_a insuperable_a and_o necessary_a in_o cause_v nor_o impedible_a and_o frustrablein_a any_o manner_n who_o know_v not_o that_o it_o necessary_o follow_v if_o god_n can_v do_v any_o thing_n and_o will_n it_o he_o do_v it_o 2_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v the_o universal_a first_o cause_n of_o allthing_n it_o can_v but_o be_v most_o efficacious_a for_o be_v not_o this_o the_o main_a difference_n between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o cause_n the_o universal_a and_o particular_a cause_n that_o this_o may_v fail_v of_o its_o effect_n but_o that_o can_v never_o a_o particular_a cause_n oft_o come_v short_a of_o its_o effect_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o interposition_n of_o some_o other_o particular_a cause_n that_o may_v impede_fw-la the_o same_o but_o the_o first_o universal_a cause_n can_v never_o come_v short_a of_o its_o effect_n because_o there_o be_v no_o other_o cause_n can_v interpose_v to_o hinder_v it_o 3_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v infinite_a therefore_o omnipotent_a and_o irresistible_a for_o where_o the_o power_n of_o the_o patient_n do_v not_o exceed_v or_o equalise_v the_o power_n of_o the_o agent_n there_o can_v be_v no_o prevalent_a resistance_n what_o then_o can_v resist_v the_o divine_a will_n which_o be_v infinite_a 4_o if_o the_o divine_a will_n be_v not_o omnipotent_a god_n be_v not_o infinite_o happy_a for_o every_o one_o be_v so_o far_o happy_a as_o his_o will_n be_v fulfil_v as_o aristor_n rhet._n l._n 2._o c._n 20._o 5_o it_o be_v a_o common_a hypothesis_n in_o the_o school_n ground_v on_o the_o high_a reason_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o the_o divine_a will_n shall_v attain_v its_o effect_n so_o aquinas_n part._n 1._o q._n 19_o a._n 6._o as_o other_o hence_o 4._o prop._n the_o divine_a will_n be_v of_o itself_o operative_a and_o influential_a on_o all_o second_o cause_n and_o effect_n thus_o augustin_n de_fw-fr trinit_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n 4._o itself_o the_o will_n of_o god_n operative_a of_o itself_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v the_o first_o and_o supreme_a cause_n of_o allthing_n again_o a_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v by_o god_n act_v when_o it_o be_v do_v by_o god_n willing_a 144._o apud_fw-la dominum_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la velle_fw-la quod_fw-la facere_fw-la qura_fw-la ex_fw-la ejus_fw-la voluntate_fw-la res_fw-la habent_fw-la esse_fw-la augustin_n in_o psal_n 144._o and_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v most_o manifest_a for_o 1_o if_o god_n will_n be_v not_o of_o itself_o operative_a and_o effective_a it_o be_v not_o the_o first_o principe_fw-la and_z cause_n of_o allthing_n 2_o the_o will_n of_o man_n be_v in_o some_o thing_n operative_a of_o itself_o and_o must_v we_o not_o allow_v the_o same_o prerogative_n to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o if_o it_o be_v in_o something_n operative_a of_o itself_o why_o not_o in_o allthing_n may_v we_o not_o then_o hence_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v no_o active_a operation_n or_o motion_n receive_v from_o god_n into_o the_o will_n or_o any_o other_o second_o cause_n but_o from_o the_o simple_a volition_n of_o god_n the_o motion_n of_o the_o human_a will_n or_o any_o other_o second_o cause_n necessary_o follow_v this_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o first_o creation_n of_o allthing_n for_o by_o god_n fiat_fw-la or_o volition_n which_o be_v eternal_a allthing_n be_v make_v in_o time_n without_o any_o other_o impression_n or_o concourse_n receive_v and_o if_o god_n first_o creation_n of_o allthing_n be_v by_o his_o simple_a volition_n without_o any_o transient_a concourse_n what_o hinder_v but_o that_o all_o other_o efficience_n of_o god_n shall_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n consist_v in_o the_o simple_a volition_n of_o his_o will_n without_o any_o transient_a