state of the holy Church are fourscore thousand foot and three thousand and five hundred horse And none of these souldiers have any pay but onely enjoy divers exemptions and priviledges of wearing armes and others so that his Holinesse in time of need may serve himselfe of them without giving impediment to the husbandman in manuring the ground for the mantenance of the City with provision of victuall And all these stand ready armed upon any suddain warning as in the time of War being continually disciplined by their Officers whereby they become very good Souldiers The before-named Generalls of the horse have each of them an hundred crowns a month entertainment the Commissaries of the horse which are two have fifty crowns a month apiece the seven Marshalls of the Camp of the Provinces fifty crowns a month apiece the seven Sergeants Maiors of the Provinces have each of them five and twenty crowns a month the Collaterall General seventy crowns a month the Captains of the bands 20 crownes a month apiece with their howsrent defrayed and other perquisites the Colonells beforenamed thirty crowns a month apiece The Colonell of the Corsi with the Collaterall Paymaster Captains Officers and souldiers thereof are paid after the manner of War And these are thoroughout all the holy Church imployed againgst the Banditi and sometimes in the Popes Gallies It is also necessary to know that Pope Clement the eight by the means of Signior Mario Farnese at that time Generall of the Forces of Ferrara made in that fortresse an Armory replenished with all kind of armes for the arming of five and twenty thousand foot and another Armory in Bologna for the arming of ten thousand And in the Papacie of Paul the fifth the same Don Mario introduced into Tivoli a City distant sixteen miles from Rome excellent workmen for the making of all sorts of armes of War and of those armes framed in Tivoli he made an Armory in Castle St. Angelo for the arming of twelve thousand foot and another Armory for the arming of five thousand and in the Vatican Palace two like Armories as also one in Ancona and one in Ravenna He likewise caused fourscore pieces of great Ordnance to be cast By this it may be seen how great the forces of the Pope are who hath armes to arm an hundred thousand men and all his Vassalls are apt for the Warrs being naturally addicted thereunto The state of the Holy Church abounds with Captains and men of command and in the Castle Saint Angelo are millions of ready coine in Gold besides a million and an halfe in Jewells Of the prefectship of Rome THE Prefectship of Rome a most noble and antientdignity was constituted with much authority by the Roman Emperors and alwaies since continued by the high Bishops being enjoyed by some of the chiefest Families amongst the which it was a long time in the noble Families of the Orsini and Rovere After the death of Francesco Maria the last Duke of Urbin it was granted by Urban the eight to Don Taddeo Barberino and his heirs to the third generation It hath many and divers prerogatives and it is the office of him that possesseth it to carry immediately before the Emperors in their solemn riding the Imperiall sword Of the Governor of the Castle Saint Angelo THe Pope makes the Governor of the Castle Saint Angelo by his Brieve with five hundred crowns a month entertainment he hath under him a Deputy Governor of his own making who assists in the charge of the Castle with fifty crowns a months entertainment and as much in perquisites There is also a Proveditor who holds his Office by Patent from the Governor and it yields him four hundred crownes a year Another hath the care of the Armory with the entertainment of twenty crowns a month having under him many young fellowes paid by the Chamber Then there are two hundred souldiers with their Captaine Ensigne Sergeants and Corporalls which are paid according to the manner of the Warrs all the Officers together with the Master-Gunner are made by the Governor but but the Corporalls souldiers and Chaplains are at the disposing of the Deputy Governor whose charge it is to inroll the adjutants of the Castle which are ordinarily five hundred and do enjoy the priviledge of wearing armes Of the Generall of the Popes Gallies THE Generall of the Gallies is made by the Pope's Brieve and takes his usuall oath as in like manner do all the great Officers before the Lord Treasurer Generall with the entertainment of three hundred crowns a month and pay for twelve demy-Launces The Generall makes a Lieutenant by his Patent who hath an hundred crowns a month entertainment and pay for four demy-launces All the Captains of the Gallies the Captains of the foot and the Ensigns hold their places by the Generalls Patent with the usuall pay as also the chief Master the Auditor and Notarie But the Proveditor the Paymaster the Patron of the Galley the Munition-Master and the Apothecary are made by the Lord Treasurer Generalls Patent Every other person as the Chaplains Officers souldiers Barbers Mariners Masters Masters-mates Pilots and Councellors depend immediately on the Generall who hath not power de jure to free men from the chaine which is used to be done by a Councell of War but the Generall does it sometimes de facto Of the Popes Vicar NOw wee will speake of the Offices which are in the persons of the Cardinalls beginning with the Popes Vicar which Office is most antient having beene a long time out of the sacred Colledge of of the Cardinalls and exercised by such as were but simply Bishops but Pius the fourth brought that dignity to the said Colledge having declared Cardinal Jacomo Savelli for his Vicar whose jurisdiction is over the Priests and Regulars inhabiting in Rome as also over the companies of Laymen Hospitalls pious places Jews and Curtezans within the precincts thereof The Cardinall-Vicar hath for his entertainment an hundred crownes a month paid him by the reverend Chamber This Office hath four Notaries every one of the which exerciseth his Office apart with eight or nine Clerks under him It hath likewise two Lieutenants the one for civill who is commonly a Referendary Prelate and the other for criminal causes and also a Vicegerent a Prelate too but for some years past he still hath been a Titular Bishop to the end he may perform all Episcopall functions in Rome and he hath the superintendance or particular care of the Monasteries of Nunnes he is present likewise with the other Officers in the Congregations which are made before the most eminent Cardinal-Vicar for matters and causes of that Tribunall and hath under him a Provost Marshall with good store of sergeants Of the chief Penitentiarie IN the time of Saint Cyprian and of Cornelius the Pope two hundred yeares after Christ our Lord many Christians having sacrificed to Idolls there was great contending wehther the relapsers should be admitted to
exceed that summe they are committed to the Ruota Every one of these when he is created a Prelate is obliged to visit the sacred Colledge of Cardinalls and out of courtesie he is also to visit the twelve voting Prelates as all other Prelates likewise which are made ought to doe as also the Prelates their colleagues but I do not mean either Arch-Bishops or Bishops for it is sufficient for them only to visit the sacred Colledge the Lord Auditor of the Chamber the Lord Datarie the Lord Treasurer generall and some such like Prelates but I speak of the participate Pronotaries the auditors Della Ruota the Clerks of the Chamber the Abbreviators di parco magiore and the Consistoriall Advocates Of the Governour of the Burrough THere is also the Governour of the Burrough made by the Pops Brieve with two thousand crownes a years entertainment who keeps a Judge and an Atturney generall resident in the Burrough a formall Court a Palace with a prison an head Notarie which hath many young Clerks under him a Provost Marshall with fifteen sergeants and administers justice over all the Burroughs so far as Settignana his Judge hath every week audience of the Pope giving him an account of the affairs of his Tribunall Of the Datarie THen there is the Datarie which though it be a moveable office yet is it the most esteemed of all others being usually given by the Pope to Prelates of worth and oftentimes for many years past to Cardinals through whose hands the vacancy of all Benefices which are not expressed to be above the valew of foure and twenty duckets a yeare do passe and he doth cause supplications to be signed even without the participation of the Pope and for other benefices of greater valew dignities and Canons places the Datarie may in carrying the supplications to his Holynesse and exposing the concurrents unto him favour the merits of one more then another It stands in his power to pardon that part of of the compositions wherein certain sorts of graces are taxed for the which according to the stile of the Datarie is paid sometimes a greater sometimes a lesser summe as the matters are He and his under-Dater have every day audience of the Pope carrying the supplications to be signed by his Holynesse under the which supplications he puts the date that is Datum Romae apud from whence he is called the Datarie albeit such Cardinalls as have exercised that place from the time of Cardinall Arigone untill now have been cased of the labour of dating the supplications causing them to be dated by others Of the under-Dater HE hath under him the under-Dater whose office is to consider all the dispatches which passes through the Datarie except the vacancies of the benefices that happen by death for they go through the hands of the Dater himselfe or of his substitute expresly deputed by him for that purpose and it is named the office of per obitum which giveth an account of them to the Dater for to have them afterwards signed when they are all carryed to the Popes audience This under-Dater goes apparelled in purple He that is Dater hath two thousand crowns a year entertainment from the Pope the under-Dater a thousand and so proportionably all the other lower officers He hath also Revisors which help him to review the supplications after they are signed whereunto they put such restrictions as to them seem convenient all the supplications of the Datarie passing through their hands He hath moreover an officer who hath his name of the petty-Dates through whose hands passe all the supplications at the foot whereof the petty Date useth to be put that it may be afterwards extended whensoever the suppliant will go on with his supplications for many times for want of money to defray the charge or in regard of some other lawfull cause he stays many months in making the dispatch before they will cause the said great Date to be extended unto the supplication after it is signed He hath another officer having his title from the compositions unto whom those supplications signed and reviewed by all the other officers are sent which ought to pay compositions nor do they part from him untill the summe of mony wherewith the aforesaid supplications are taxed be satisfied sending the others which doe not pay composition to the Register of whom shall be spoken hereafter He hath another officer of the missives whose care is to send generally the supplications past as abovesaid by the Datarie to the Registers that is to the publique and to the secret Registers with making distinction of those which are to be sent to the publique Registers and in resignations and pensions to set down the day when they are sent to the Registers by meanes of which missive the consents have at other times been extended according to the Clementina which after Gregory the thirteenth hath been no longer in use He hath an other officer called the revisor of Matrimoniall dispensations who hath no other care but to cause all supplications to be signed which concern dispensations in the degrees of consanguinitie and affinity as also excommunications ad Revelationem called Significavit Of all the aforesaid Officers which the Dater hath under him there is not any that buyes his office but he of the compositions all the rest being chosen by the Dater except the under-Dater who is wont to be chosen by the Pope There are twenty Officers who are called Registers of Supplications which Offices are sold and it appertaines unto them to Register all the Supplications de verbo ad verbum that are signed by the Pope or others his Officers deputed for the same and after they are registred they are sent to the Chancery to cause the dispatch of the Bulls according to the tenor of the said Supplications There are also foure Officers which are called Masters of the Register unto whom it belongs to heare the Supplications registred by the Registers read to see if the Register agrees with the originall they themselves set on the backside of the Supplications the Registratiō which is a great R. within the which are their names written These Masters of the Register of Supplications are vendible Offices and are sold for foure thousand crownes a peece There is the Office of the Leade whereunto goe all the Bulls for the affixing of the Lead to them which universally are seene by all the Popes pro tempore This Office is bought for three thousand crownes and yeelds about three thousand crownes a yeare There is the Register of the Bulles which are registred in it by Officers deputed thereunto and are vendible after they are dispatched ad aeternam Rei memoriam In the Register of the Bulles are the Masters of the Register of the Bulles which is a venall Office To them it belongs to conferr the Registers with the Originalls and having compared them together they sett on the backside of the Bulles the Registration which is a
consistoriall Abbies giving forth the scedules of such provisions Of the Chamherlaine THe Head of the Deacons which had the care of the revenues was the Archdeacon who was the Cardinall and his dignity that was most ample continued to the yeare 1100. at which time in regard of the too much greatnes thereof for many of them bearded the Popes and with the power that they had made their way to the Papacie that dignitie was taken away and in stead thereof another instituted called Chamberlaine which was conferred on a Cardinall to whom Coadjutors were given which were stiled Clerks of the Chamber Apostolicall whose Office from the institution thereof is that of the Chamberlaine Now there was added unto it the Treasurer for a difference which the Popes would have betweene it and the Chamberlaine and afterwards for the same respect the President was also added The Cardinall Chamberlaines place yeelds him one yeare with another between twelve and fourteene thousand crownes and his jurisdiction is to take Cognisance of all the causes which appertaine to the Chamber Apostolicall and the Clerkes thereof of whom I will speake in its place joyntly and of some of them likewise severally Hee sits in the Chamber when he is not kept from thence by the Consistories and the most part of the dispatches there passe under his name although they be discussed and subscribed by the Clerke Now you must know that in the Chamber Apostolicall the Cardinal Chamberlaine and all the other Prelates sit with their purple Pontificall Coape Rochett and the other Officers which assist also in the said Chamber with other habits different from the ordinary Moreover the Chamberlaine is Judge of the Appeales from the sentences given by the Masters of the streets of whom shall be spoken in due time He takes cognisance of the causes concerning Buildings Bridges Streets and other things During the vacancie of the Sea he abides in the Palace in the Popes Lodging goes up and down Rome with a guard of Switzers which alwaies waites upon his person and coines mony with his armes stamped thereupon It is his care to see the Conclave made which he gives after the Pope is elected to whomsoever his Eminence pleaseth He he keepes one key also of the Treasurie that is in Castile Saint Angelo the Cardinall Deacon keepes another and his Holiness a third Of the Prefect of the Signature of Justice THe Charge of the Prefect of the Signature of Justice is exercised by an eminent Cardinall who hath an hundred duckets a moneth entertainement and his jurisdiction is the References of all the supplications and commissions of causes which are delegated for justice And every Thursday except it be in the vacation time in his Eminencies own Palace is the Signature of Justice held for those Commissioners and References concerning the which there is contention between parties There are Officiating in it twelve voting Prelates the ancientest Referendaries together with the Auditor della Ruota and the Cardinall Vicars Lieutenant Civill who are there onely to defend the jurisdiction of their Courts and have no vote Now because many of the causes which are so delegated are some of them dispatched by Letters subscribed by the Cardinall Prefect others by Breive therefore over this are two Officers the one called the Prefect of the Originalls of the Brieves who having made the Originals consignes them to the other Officer called the Master of the Brieves and he according to the Originals given to him and subscribed by the former makes the Brieves which he afterwards consignes to the Secretary of the Brieves that are under taxation to the end hee may cause them to be sealed The first Office is worth twelve thousand crownes the second thirteene hundred and the money both of the one and the other yeelds between nine and ten in the hundred There is also another Officer called the Revisor of the Commissions of the Signature of Justice and all those three which have those Offices are attyred in Purple like unto the Popes Chamberlaines Of the Prefect of the Signature of Grace THe Office of the Prefect of the Signature of Grace is awaies in the person of a Cardinall who hath an hundred duckets of the Chamber a moneth intertainement and his Office and Jurisdiction is principally to assist at the Signature of Grace which is made before the Pope and to seale every supplication and grace passeth therein where also the twelve voting Prelates are present which usually are the same that vote in the Signature of Iustice There are likewise who Officiate the Cardinal Prelate of the Signature of justice the Cardinall Vicar the Cardinall Prefect of the Brieves the Lord Datarie a more or lesse number of Cardinalls according as his Holinesse hath beene pleased to depute them but they are never fewer then twelve Moreover there are intervening at the said Signature the Lord Auditor of the Chamber his Lievtenant Civill the Lord Treasurer Generall an Auditor della Ruota the Cardinall Vicars Lievtenant Civill a participant Protonotarie a Clerke of the Chamber an Abbreviator de Parco Maggiore together with the Lord Regent of the Chancery and every one of these are present there to defend the jurisdiction of his Office The said Signature is held once a weeke before his Holinesse upon Tuesday or Sunday if it be not vacation time Of the Prefect of the Brieves THere is the Cardinall Prefect of the Brieves who hath the entertainement of an hundred Crownes of the Chamber a moneth and his care is to review and signe all the Originalls of the Breives which are under taxation Of the Librarie Keeper THere is the Cardinal Library Keeper who hath an hundred Duckets of the Chamber a moneth intertainement and his charge is to oversee the Printing and the Vatican Library as also those men which worke in it where classick workes in the Originall tongue are likewise printed Of the Congregations of Cardinalls and first of the Congregation of the Holy Office THere are many divers Congregations of Cardinalls whereof the Congregation of the holy Office is one which assembles twice a week on Wednesday in the Convent of the Dominicant alla Minerua and on Thursday before the Pope concerning causes matters of the Inquisition other Heresie where many Cardinals intervene at the least twelve or more as are by his Holinesse deputed together with a good number of Prelates other Divines Religious Orders all of them with the title of Consultors of the Holy Office the Seale whereof is kept by an eminent Cardinall who hath a Palace with a prison and many Officers and Ministers amongst whom is the Commissarie which Office alwaies belongs to the Fathers of the Order of Saint Dominick the Assessors a Prelate or one of his Holyness Chamberlaines of honour whose care it is to report the causes in the Congregations Of the Congregation concerning the Affaires of Bishops and Regulars THere is the Congregation concerning the affaires of
Bishops and Regulars whose jurisdiction is over the differences which arise betweene Bishops and their subjects and also amongst Regulars and likewise in providing for the occurrences of Bishops which have need of consultation The head thereof is an Eminent Cardinall in whose house it is held every weeke upon Fryday Of the Congregation of the Councell THere is the Congregation of the Councell whose jurisdiction is to interpret the Text of the Sacred Councell of Trent It is held in the house of the oldest Cardinall who is Head thereof but another Eminent Cardinall keepes the Seale And it is held once every weeke either on Sunday or three dayes ad libitum of the Cardinall-Head Of the Congregation of the Ecclesiasticall Immunitie FOr that delinquents in many and sundry causes enjoyed not the Ecclesiasticall immunitie and because the judgement thereabout was through the diversity and mixture of offences oftentimes rendred very doubtfull Pope Vrbane the eight instituted and erected the Sacred Congregation of the Ecclesiasticall Immunitie which useth to be held on Tuesdayes in the ancientest Cardinalls house Many Cardinalls are there present as also an Auditor della Ruota a Clerke of the Chamber a voter of the Signature and the Secretary that usually is a Referendarie both of the one and of the other Signature together with the Cardinall Prefect thereof who keepes the Seale and hath the entertainement of a thousand crownes a yeare from the Cardinall Of the Congregation of State THe Congregation of State useth to be held sometimes before his Holyness and sometimes before the Cardinall Nephew of the Pope living and therein doe usually sit all the Cardinalls which have been Apostolicall Nuntions together with his Holiness Secretary of State Of the Congregation for the propagating of the Faith THe Congregation abovesaid was erected by Gregory the fifteenth for the finding out of all waies and meanes of propagating the Catholique Faith in all parts of the world and of what was most conducing to the utility of a businesse of that importance It useth to be held once a moneth before the Pope on a munday and oftentimes in the Palace of the Colledge surnamed de propaganda fide In it do many Cardinalls sit as also an Apostolicall Pronotarie his Holiness Secretary of State the Judge who usually is a Referendary both of one and the other Signature the Assessor of the holy Office and the Secretary of the same Congregation There is now a Palace building of no ordinary greatnesse in the Piatza of the most holy Trinity de Monti for the receiving all those which being converted to the Catholique Faith come to visit the holy place of Rome as also of many poore Bishops and Priests who are all supplyed with things necessary for their dyet and lodging It maintaines a Printing-house for all sorts of strange Languages where continually are printed Missalls Breviaries and other kind of books appertaining to the Catholique Faith which are sent into those parts where there is need of them Cardinall Antonio Barberino is at the present Prefect of this Congregation Of the Congregation of Rites THere is the Congregation of Rite whose jurisdiction is about the differences arising concerning Rites Ceremonies Precedencies Canoniziations of Saints and the like whereof the Antimtest Cardinall of the deputed is Head and in his House the Congregation is also held ordinarily once a moneth oftner if need be it belonging to the Cardinall-Head to intimate it as it doth likewise to al the other Cardinalls who are Heads of Congregations Of the Congregation for Water THere is the Congregation for Water wherein are handled matters concerning River Brookes Bridges and the like and a Cardinall is Head thereof in whose House the Congregation is held only at such times as there is need wherefore there is no set day for it Of the Congregation for Fountaines and the Streetes THere is also a Congregation concerning Fountaines and the Streets of which the Cardinall Chamberlaine is Head but the Congregation is held in the Senior Cardinalls house and hath no set day for meeting The businesse of it is concerning the Aquaeducts which bring water to Rome and the manner of distributing it over the City as also how the streets may be made more commodious and enlarged Of the Congregations for Printing of Bookes THere is the Congregation for the correcting Printing of Bookes whereof a Cardinall is Head in whose house it is held but they seldome meet and therefore there is no set time for it Of the Councell for the Government of the State of the Holy Church THere is the Councel wherein the Government of the whole State of the Holy Church is managed and the Head of it is the Cardinall Nephew to the Pope pro tempore in whose lodging in the Pallace it is held twice in a weeke upon Frydayes and Tuesdayes whereat are five or sixe Cardinalls seven or eight Prelates and a Secretary who is alwaies a Prelate and a great confident of the Cardinal-Nephews In the said Councell is the whole governement of the State of the Church handled for the Vice-Legates Prefects Governors Podestaes and other Officers give an accompt to the Councell at Rome of all the important causes which happen in their Governments and the Councell determines by Decree what shall bee done in those cases whereupon the Secretary drawes up the Letters of Order and the Cardinall Head subscribes them Amongst the Prelates which assist in the Councell are the Provinces divided and they afterwards reade the busines of their Provinces in the Councell But the Legation of Avignion the Government of Benevento in the Kingdome of Naples of the City of Ceneda in the State of Venice are not submitted to the Councell at Rome but they who governe in those places are free Masters of them neither is the Government of the State of Fermo and Spoleto subject thereunto The Prelates of the said Councell have three parts of the Palace and a thousand crownes a yeare a peece in perquisites the Secretary hath two thousand Of the Congregations for the easing of the People de bono Regimine THere are the Congregations for the easing of the people de bono Regimine whereof the Popes Cardinall Nephew pro tempore is the Head unto them have the Comminaltie recourse for the easing of their grievances wherewithall they are oppressed they are held on the Saturday in the very same roomes where the Councell useth to sit the Congregation de bono Regimine in one and that for the easing of the people in another both of them in their turnes with the intervening therein of five or six Cardinalls and seven or eight Prelates with one Secretary being alwaies present and all of them ever the same in the two Congregations All the Letters and Orders proceeding from them are Subscribed by the Popes Cardinall Nephew and the Prelates have the same emolument which those of the Councell have every one of the said congregations with the Secretary
number of Souldiers placed there by his Excellency and a Captaine over them who is alwaies a noble person and depending on the illustrious Houses of Savelli Of the Senator of Rome BEsides the said Office and Magistracies there is the Senator of Rome who resides in the capitoll and is made by the Popes Brieve hee hath under him two Iudges in civill matters one called the first and the other the second collaterall as also a criminall Iudge of Malefactors The Senator and his Iudges have the jurisdiction and cognizance of the causes Civill and Criminall amongst the Citizens and Inhabitants of Rome Causes of Appeale from the Sentences onely of the Senator and his Iudges doe devolve unto the Captaine of Appeale a Magistrate resident in the Capitoll so called This Senator in publique actions appeares alwaies in a Senators habit of cloth of gold downe to the ground with long sleeves lined with crimson silke and a great chaine of gold after the Ancient Roman Fashion Hee hath place in his Holinesse Chappell under the Emperors Embassadour and is not at any time a Roman but a Forreigner being for the most part a Doctor of the Law His place he holds at his Holinesse pleasure which yeelds him two thousand crownes a yeare He goes also every week to have audience of his Holiness and the Cardinall Nephews giving them an accompt of the causes of his Tribunall wearing in that action a black Senatorian garment in the summer commonly of plaine satten and in the winter of velvet Of the Conservators of Rome IN the same Capitoll are the Conservators a Magistracy consisting of three Roman Gentlemen and the Prior of the Caporioni pro tempore which Caporioni are fourteene and every three moneths aswell the Conservators as the Caporioni and other A Caporinio is as an Alderman of a ward in London Officers of the Roman people are renewed and the choice of them is made before his Holiness the Cardinall Chamberlaine and the Popes Cardinall Nephewes the day after their election they goe to take their oath at the Popes hand and in the first moneth the Senator gives them possession of their places in the Capitoll Their Office and jurisdiction is concerning the Custodie of the Antiquities of Rome and the observation of the Statutes thereof They punish the sellers of Victualls either for want of weight or excesse of price causing just weight and measure to bee made and about that they minister justice They are also ordinary Iudges of all Appeals brought in by the consuls of trads husbandry who reside in the same Capitoll and they grant likewise the priviledges of a free denison They take care of the walls and of the Aeequeducts They depute Officers in the lands that are properly belonging to the Roman people They have a Notary and an Atturney Generall and in the said Capitoll they have a prison where they keepe a Provost Marshall with a great many of Sergeants The fourteene Caporioni after they have taken possession of their places which is given to them by their Senator do all assemble together in the Vestry of Araceli where they chuse from amongst themselves one to be their Prior who assists in the administration of Iustice and in every other matter with the Conservators and all foure of them are apparelled alike in a ancient Roman Senators habit and on their heads they weare a great cap after the old fashion They have all foure places in his Holinesse Chappell sitting above the secret Chamberlaines and in the holy yeare 1600. the three Conservators with the Prior of the Caporioni used the Senators habit of cloath of gold Every one of them also keepes foure Lacqueys in a Livery of red velvet trimmed with gold Now though the conservators and Prior doe not lodge in the Capitoll yet doe they there in the days of Audience make solemn feasts whereunto they invite many of the Nobility both of Rome of fortaine parts Of the Master of the Streets of Rome THere are also in the Capitoll the Masters of the Streets which Magistracie consists of two Roman Gentlemen an Assessor who is a Doctor of the Law and a Notary Their Office is to survey the Streets and Bridges to keepe them accommodated and to terminate the differences that arise thereupon they heare the causes of controversies which fall out among neighbours about building cutting out of houses making of windows and the like every one of the Masters of the streets office yeelds him an hundred crowns a month and is conferred on him by his Holynesse Brieve to be enjoyed by him during the Popes pleasure and no longer but he is seldome removed if he carry himselfe well Of the Chamberlain of the water-Banke THere is also at the great water-bank a Magistracy which is wont to be conferred on a Roman Gentleman with the title of Chamberlain of the Water-Bank who exerciseth jurisdiction amongst Mariners that will not give security and other such like differences and for maritine conducts from whom there is appeal to that Clerk of the Chamber Apostolicall whose lot is to have the Presidentship of the Water-Bank and the same Clerk hath a Judge who administers justice to mariners and Barge-men that trade in that place where likewise the Cardinall Chamberlain appoints with his patent a Commissary over the wood to the end no fraud may be used to the prejudice of the buyers Of the referendaries both of the one and the other signature THere is also in Rome the Colledge of the Prelates Referendaries of the one and the other Signature of whom there is no determinate number and to get into this Colledge first the Popes favour must be obtained then the Cardinall prefect of the Signature of justice commits to a Minister of his the making a Processe thereof for he who is to be admitted according to a Bull of Pope Sixtus Quintus must prove himselfe to be a Doctor of both Laws that he hath dwelt in Rome two years that he is above five and twenty years of age and that he is so far forth accommodated with the goods of Fortune that he can with decorum maintain the dignity of a Prelate These being proved and the proces thereof being made in forma the said Cardinall Prefect causeth him to propound two commissions in a full signature so that carrying himselfe well and being approved of his eminencie gives him afterward his usuall oath with puting on him the habit which is ordinarily for Prelates that is a Cassock with a little traine and a short Cloak of colour black for the twelve voting Prelates do alwaies go in Purple by a priviledge granted unto them by Pope Paul the fift The jurisdiction of these is to propound the commissions and both the contentions and gratious supplications in the signatures of justice and grace respectively and to take cognizance of the causes which are daily committed unto them not exceeding the valew of five and twenty Crowns of Gold for if they
to what end they are there met and declares with what diligence and faithfulnesse the inquisition of this matter hath been made how full and legall the attestation thereof hath been and with what instance Princes and people have sued unto him about it wherefore he requires them that in discharge of theri consciences they would each of them in particular deliver their opinion freely and sincerely and when they have done so he gives them thanks for their good counsel exhorting them to pray unto God that he will not suffer them to erre in so weighty a businesse and so they all goe away The day of Canonization being determined there is in the meane time a wooden Scaffold erected in Saint Peters Church of that bignesse as upon it may be fitted a Chappell with an Altar a Pontificall Throne seats for the Cardinalls assisting the Pope for Ambassadors for a quire of singing men and places for all the orders of the Roman Court like unto the Chappell of the Apostolicall Palace with Lattice windows and of that capacitie and with such manner of seats there is also a faire paire of Stairs made to ascend unto that Scaffold which on the outside is strewed all over with herbs and flowers and on the inside is hung with goodly peeces of Tapestry the Church too is very richly adorned and the Armes of the Pope and of the Church as also the image of him that is to be Canonized hanged round about it The day of Canonization being come the Pope in all his Pontificalibus and with his triple Crowne on his head goes under a Canopy of State borne over him in Procession with all the Cardinalls Prelats and Officers each of them with a new wax light burning in his hand unto the said Church of Saint Peter where being arrived his Holiness ascends the said Scaffold and sitting downe in the throne prepared for him all the Cardinalls come and doe him obeisance After that he repaires unto the Altar and places himselfe in another seate made ready for him where he makes a speech relating summarily and in generall termes all that hath beene done in the businesse as also the life and miracles of the person aforesaid exhorting them all to joyne with him in prayer unto God that he would not permitt his Church to erre in this affaire That done the Proctor of the cause humbly beseecheth the Pope in the name of the Princes or people which are suitors to him for it that he will pronounce and declare N. to be a Saint and that hee will cause him to be inrolled in the catalogue of Saints and as a Saint to be honored of all faithfull Christians Whereupon the Pope with a loud voyce saith thus To the honour of the invisible Trinity for exaltation of the Catholique faith and augmentation of the Christian Religion We by the authority of the said God Almighty the Father Sonne and Holy Ghost and the blessed Apostles Peter and Paul doe by the advice of our Brethren Decree and declare N. of blessed memory to be a Saint and to bee inrolled in the Catalogue of Saints Ordaining that his feast shall by the Church Universall be on such a day every yeare devoutly and solemnly celebrated And do moreover by the same Authority grant unto all that being truly penitent and confest shall with devotion visit the shrine of the said Saint N. pardon of their sinnes for an hundred and forty dayes Now some Popes doe grant plenary Indulgence to such visitants as we reade Boniface the ninth did when he Canonized Brigid for a Saint The Pope having finished in the manner aforesaid Te Deum laudamus is sung by the Gentlemen of the Chappell at the end whereof the Deacon saith Pray for us blessed Saint N. whereunto the Pope addeth He are us O Lord for the prayers and merits sake of holy Saint N. After this his Holinesse sings the Masse of the day with the commemoration of the said Saint and whilst the Creede is sung three Cardinalls offer unto the said Saint in the Offertory three white waxe lights three turtle doves also white and other birds Masse being done the Pope departs away accompanied with the Cardinalls as he useth to be Of the Popes washing of poore mens feet UPon Munday Thursday after the solemne Benediction the Cardinalls accompany his Holinesse who is carried in his chaire by his Palfreymen unto the Ducall Hall where being arrived he puts off his Papall ornaments and by the Deacon Cardinall assisting him being adorned with a purple stole a red pluniate and a Pluniate is a black long coate plaine Miter he sitts downe in the Pontificall seate prepared for him Then putting incense into the Censer he blesseth the Deacon Cardinal who is to reade the Gospel That done he kisseth the Text which is held forth unto him by the Apostolicall Subdeacon and so being Censed by the said Cardinall Deacon the Anthem of Mandatum novum beginning to be sung by the Singing men he layes by his pluniate and an aprone before him in which habit he washeth the feet of twelve poore men unto each of whom he causeth to be given by the Treasurer Generall successively certaine Medalls of gold and siluer and by the Master of the Houshold the Towell wherewith their feet were wiped That done the Pope returnes unto his seate after he hath put off his aprone washed and dryed his hands the bason of water being held unto him by the greatest secular Noble man or Prince there present and his hands wiped by the chiefe Priest-Cardinal Then putting his red pluniate on againe and laying downe his Myter he sayes the Pater Noster together with the verses and prayer them After this he placeth himselfe anew in his seate puts on his Miter goes on foot to the Chamber of dressing and so returnes to his lodging Of the Cardinalls and their Originall THis word Cardinall signifies no other then Presbyter principalis nam altissimae Caeli portae vocantur cardines ventique inde venientes appellantur cardinales In Parochia in qua erant plures Clerici qui caeteris praeerant in ea parochia qui suberat Episcopo appellabater Presbyter Cardinalis ista convertebantur habebat curam annimarum et erat Presbyter Cardinalis This word as it is likely was found out in the time of Pope Higinius an hundred and fifty yeares after Christ whereas many Priests were placed in Parishes and degrees of them setled whereupon the Office being found it was probable the name was then also found The first mention of the word Cardinall was in the time of Saint Silvester three hundred yeres after Jesus Christ our Lord appeared by the Synod held in Rome under Saint Silvester This word Cardinal is at this day common to three degrees to Priests Deacons and Bishops At the first as we see before it was given to Priests only whose Office it was then in particular to have a care of the buriall of the Faithfull whereunto
athwart the Hall so that they who sit upon it do look the Pope in the face On his holinesse left hand is the seat of the Deacons-Cardinalls betwixt the which and the seat that goes crosse the Hall is a void space about an eleven or twelve hands-breadth which serves as a door into the entrance of the Consistory These seats are adorned with Arras and Tapestry and are of one and the same length and breadth all the room about the seats is overspread with green cloth The Pope goes to the publick Consistory arrayed in the same manner as he goes to the Chappell with the Crosse and Cardinals preceding him when he comes there he sits downe in his seat and so do the Cardinalls in theirs after they have done their accustomed obeisance to his Holinesse The Arch-Bishops Bishops Pronotaries and all the Prelates sit upon the three Steps of the Pontificall Throne and with them last of all the Sub-deacons Auditors and Clerks of the Chamber The long robed Courtiers sit on the ground between the Cardinals seats the Chamberlaines and Secretaries do sit also on the ground betwixt the Prelates and the long robed Courtiers If the Popes Nephews or some great Princes are present which are not to sit on the Cardinals seats they stand neare to the Pope The Ambassadors of Kings and Princes and great noblemen stand on the Popes right hand between the steps of the Throne and the Wall the Popes domestick servants and Courtiers stand on his left hand between the steps of the Throne and the Wall the Consistoriall Advocates stand behind the Priests and Deacons-Cardinall seats the Procurators of Kings Princes and religious orders stand behind the Bishops-Cardinalls seat betwixt the Wall and the seat in the space between the Priests and Deacons-Cardinalls seats stand the Sergeants at arms as it were at the door of the Consistory and there do they that are to come unto the Pope enter The Master of the sacred shoushold stands before the Sergeants at armes at the end of the Priests Cardinalls seat and in the head of the Deacons-Cardinalls seat are the Masters of the Ceremonies that they may be alwaies ready to execute the Popes commands and to give order for any thing that is to be done When the Consistory is held for judiciall causes which the Pope useth to do at such time as it is not held for other causes the Proponent Advocate stands behinde the Priests Cardinalls seat just opposite to the Pope and opening his cause doth in the end cast the Schedule of his supplication amongst the long robed Courtiers which sit on the ground who transmit it unto the hands of the vice-Chancellor Now if any of the other Advocats will contradict him and answer for his adversary upon the finishing of the debate the Pope answers plainly by word of mouth Placet or with a limitation that he will advise upon it and the vice-Chancellor with his owne hand signes the supplication according to the Popes answer and writes the same downe in a Booke which he hath alwaies there by him causes being so dispatched all riseup and the Pope returnes to his Chamber in the same manner as he came Of the secret Consistory THe secret Consistory is held in some remoter roome of the Apostolicall Palace at this day called the Papall Chamber where in the midst of it is a Pontificall seate erected against the wall which is raised from the ground without steps or degrees and hath a great footstoole on which the the Pope setts his feet and another litle one whereby one may ascend higher The Cardinals seats are placed before the Pope on the right left hand everyone in its order The Popes seate is adorned with cloth of gold the Cardinalls seates are bare but painted red with his Holinesse Armes upon them The place between the Popes seate and the Cardinals is usually covered with tapestry The junior Deacon Cardinall hath a little bell by him wherewith hee gives notice to the Keepers of the Consistory if the Pope or Fathers will have them to doe any thing In the space between the Cardinalls seates are two formes placed round at a pretty distance the one from the other untill all are come in so that the Cardinals may betwixt them as through a doore passe to their seates but when all of them are congregated those two formes are put close together againe in their place When as Consistoriall matters begin to be treated of all other Prelates besides the Cardinalls are shut out Two secret Chamberlaines waite without at the doore of the Consistory that they may bee ready upon the ringing the bell for any command The Pope propounds such businesses as are to be handled in the Senate and in order requires their opinions which are called votes then each of them rising up gives his vote whereupon his Holinesse according to the major part decrees Of the Conclave THe place of the Conclave for so is that called at this day wherein the Fathers are shutt up for election of the Pope is in the Apostolicall Palace and it containes two Halls and Chappell 's with some other roomes and houses of Office all which are so closed up with a wall that one can see no windowes but what are very high those only excepted by which you passe unto the Chappell 's and second Hall The Halls are for the Cardinalls to walke in and recreate themselves in when they are not imployed in the Election the other roomes are for the use of such as are also shutt up with the Cardinalls in the Conclave The gate at the entrance into the first Hall hath a wicket in it through which the Cardinalls dyet is brought in unto them and the said gate and wicket are made safe with strong iron barrs and foure locks In the lesser Chappell the Fathers meete to celebrate Divine Service and to make the election In the greater Chappell are so many Cells made as there be Cardinalls voting in election which are distant about a foot one from another and are not separated asunder by any wall or such like matter but by curtaines or thin cloth which hang upon rafters set up all along in a decent manner for that purpose Now these Cells all are marked with the letters of the Alphabet and on the day before the Cardinals enter into the conclave and are severally assigned to each of them not by order but by lott and then doe their servants in that interim make provision of curtaines beds and other furniture for them The Conclave being thus prepared especiall order is taken that none may goe stand or abide above below or on any of the sides of the Conclave nor that any may see speak or any way send or cast any thing unto them that are shut up in it lest thereby any might be enabled to search into their Counsells by voice signe sound or any other device Moreover there are foure guards of the further Conclave appointed the guard of