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A55623
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An essay on the coin and commerce of the kingdom trade and treasure (which are twins) being the only supporters thereof next to religion and justice.
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Praed, John.
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1695
(1695)
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Wing P3163A; ESTC R221798
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53,333
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71
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elegantly goes on begirt with Walls whose Bullder was the hand Heaven whereon there daily rides a Navy Royal whose unconquerable Power proclaims her Prince invincible and whispers sad despair into the fainting heart of Foreign Majesty Het Prince might say to us concerning the Empire as Joshua did to the Children of Israel concerning Canaan How long are you slack to go to possess the Land which the Lord God of your Fathers hath given you IX But there are three principal things which in Martial as well as civil Policy are first to be better regarded than they are viz. Religion Trade and Justice By Religion I mean that which so effectually provides for all those advantages to Mankind Dec. of Piet. P. 2. which the wisest of Men's Laws have in vain attempted That Christ came to introduce Religion which consults not only the co-eternal Salvation of Men's Souls Sermon on Luke 9. v. 55 56. but their temporal peace and security their comfort and happiness in this World and as Mr. Fleetwood saith in his Sermon against Clipping if there appears but little Christianity in such a Sermon it will be to such as consider not how great a Part Justice and Honesty and fair and righteous dealing make up of Divine Religion Sir Walter Rawleigh saith In his Rules for preserving the State that The first and principal Rule of Policy is the practice of Religion and the Cardinal de Richlien in his Political Testament calls it the Establishment of the Reign of God By Trade I mean such a free and full manufactured Trade which the Romans by all possible Arts ascended to e'er they ascended to the heighth of Empire whose Steps the French lately endeavoured to follow by all means imaginable and for the self same end and not such a Trade for which this Nation became so renowned as Glaucus is in Homer for changing Armour with Diomedes with such palpable disadvantage that Proverbs came of it And by Justice I mean not summum jus summa Injuria but * the Policy of English Government Prol. to Hist Disc which so far as is praise worthy is all one with Divine Providence Such Justice as honours the Religion and advanceth the Interest and Trade of the Nation that is such Righteous Judgment as God Almighty himself at first commanded Judges and Officers shalt thou make such as shall judge the People with righteous Judgment The summum jus of this Nation is of Humnut and I think of Norman Institution and it is yet known and perhaps may never be forgotten that from the fury of the Normans was added to our Ancestor's Common-Prayer against Plague Pestilence and Famine William the Conquerour Jehu like drove out the Laws of King Edward then in use Bak. Chron. Pag 28. contrary to his Coronation Oath and in their stead brought in the Laws of Normandy commanding them to be written in French as also that all Causes should be pleaded and all matters of Form disputized in French upon a pretence to dignifie the French Tongue but it was with a purpose to intrap Men through the Ignorance of the Language as indeed it did And whereas before P. 29. the Bishop and the Aldermen were the absolute Judges to determine all business in every Shire and the Bishop in many Cases shared in the benefit of the Mulct with the King he confined the Clergy within the Province of their own Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction And whereas the Causes of the Kingdom were before determined in every Shire and by a Law of King Edward in a Conventicle held Monthly in every Hundred he ordained that four times in the Year for certain days the same business should be determin'd in such places as he should appoint And finally he ordained his Council of State his Chancery and his Exchequer X. But Edward III. the most Generous Magnanimous Honourable and Heroick Prince of all his Race and Predecessors having due regard to Religion Grievances Trade and Justice and therein to Martial Policy and Discipline ordain'd and in some Respects contrary to his Interests That no Peter pence should be paid to the Pope of Rome that the Service of God being perfect freedom his People of England might say their Pater-noster without paying the Penny for it That no Wool growing within this Realm should be transported but that it should be made into Cloth in England That the Walloons should be permitted to Live Work and Trade amongst us and be naturalized against the Act. That 〈…〉 which weâ—â— before in French should be made in English that the Cliche might understand the Course of the Law A blessed Act saith my Author and worthy so great a King who if he could thereby render it also perspicuous plain easie and short it would be a Work of Eternal Honour to him and everlasting Interest to the Nation XI But our People being a Rebellious People and undeserving of such excellent Princes as Edward III. Henry V. and Queen Eliz. by the Providence of God took from them as it did from Judah and Jerusalem the Mighty Man the Man of War the Prudent the Elegant Orater the Cunning Artificer the Counsellor and the Judge so that the People were oppressed every one by another and every one by his Neighbour and their Tongues and their doings being against the Lord the Reâ—â—â—â—d of their own hands was given unto them XII Yet still the Providence of God espousing us as it did the Jews or rather as Dr. Soâ—â—â— saith as Socrates espoused Xantippe to exercise his Patience without He hath now sent us a King of Kings who at his first coming to the Imperial Crown of England proposed against his own present and private Interest the Balance of the Trade of this Nation well knowing the nature of this Kingdom for advantageous Commerce and that a good Father of his Country as well as of his Family will be Vendacem and not Emâ—cem as Sir Robert Cotton saith of him And indeed so much and much more were in Civil Opinion and Martial Policy to be expected from such a Puissant Prince whose Godly Generous Noble and Resolute Race especially from William I. to William III. hath been a successful Series of essential Sincerity towards Religion Grievances Trade and Justice XIII His late Princely and Pious Consort now a Queen of Heaven was an enamoured Lover of Religion and Justice to the eternal Honour of her Majestick and Immortal Memory And since she had laid such excellent Designs for both I hope the Omnipotence of God Almighty will see them finished by means of her Royal and most excellent Survivor for his Name sake XIV The Seat of Government is upheld by the Two great Pillar thereof Rawl Remark P. 153. Civil Justice and Martial Policy which were framed out of the Husbandry Merchandise and Gentry of this Kingdom They say that the goodliest Cedars which grow on the high Mountains of Libanus thrust their Roots between the Cliffs of hard Rocks the better
Factor at Venice not to accept or pay any Bills What must I do then why I must even leave my Profession at Zant and come home to follow a Law-suit in England And what follows then That Sir Josiah Child tells you The want of a Court-Merchant in England is New Disc of Trade p. 112 113 c. and ever hath been a great Barr to the Progress and Grandeur of the Trade of this Kingdom As for instance I. A Merchant happen to have differences with Masters and Owners of Ships upon Charter-parties and Accounts beyond Sea c. The Suit is commonly first commenc'd in the Admiralty-Court where after tedious Attendance and vast Expences probably just before the Cause should come to determination it is either removed into the Delegates where it may hang in suspence until the Plaintiff and Defendant have empty Purses and Gray-heads Or else because most Contracts for Maritime Affairs are made upon the Land and most Accidents happen in some Rivers or Harbours here or beyond Sea are not in Alto Mare the Defendant brings his Writ of Prohibition and removes the Cause into his Majesties Court of King's-Bench Where after great Expences of Time and Money it is well if we can make our own Counsel being common Lawyers understand one half of our Case we being amongst Strangers as in a Foreign Country our Language strange to them and theirs as strange to us After all no Attestations of Foreign Noâ—â—â—ies nor other Publick Instruments from beyond the Seas being Evidences at Law and the Accounts depending 〈◊〉 perhaps of 100 or more several Articles which are as so many Issues at Law the Cause must come into Chancery Where after many Years tedious Travels to Westminster with black Boxes and green Baggs when the Plaintiff and Defendant have tired their Bodies distracted their Brains and consumed their Estates the Cause if ever it be ended is commonly reserred to Merchants ending miserably where it might have had at first a happy Issue if it had been begun a-right The Close These things being so great a Dishonour to so great a King and so great a Disinterest to so great a Country do highly deserve the Consideration of both Houses of Parliament To whom I humbly submit â—â—em POSTSCRIPT I. HAD it not been for the Diversions of Law and some intervening Accidents this Essay or Collection had come sooner out to save some Pains that have been taken to regulaâ—â— the Coin and Commerce of the Kingdom And indeed if our Commerce be not regulated together with our Coin and both supported by pure Religion and undefiled Justice we may stamp our New Coin with this Superscription Secâ—â—ius Bellum Pace Dubia as the Dutch coin'd some Money with the same Motto when the Treaty of Peace at Breda was broken off For the French having still by them the true Ways and Means to gain the Over-balance of Trade in time of Peace and the most excellent Execution of Justice without which there is little Martial-policy and in vain is there any Society and Commerce they being very wise like the Tyrians will heap up Silver like the Dust and Gold like the Mire in the Streets whilst we cast away care and live like the People that dwell at Sechem But nothing hurting the English Nature more than much quiet and peace if we carry on that vigorous War against France which his Majesty hath begun with Prudence Justice Fortitude and Temperance we may smite their Power in the Sea and they shall be devoured by Fire II. IN the the Votes of the House of Commons Martis 12 Die Martij 1694. I find the following Resolutions of the Committee which it seems were not agreed to by the whole House Resolved That it is the opinion of this Committee That ten hundred Thousand Pounds is a sufficient Summ to make good the Deficiency of the present clipt Coin of this Kingdom But our Silver is turn'd so much into Mixed-Metal Answ and Dross-Money that if Six Millions be necessary to circulate One Million with all Submission I think it will not be enough to make good the deficiency that will be be found for carrying on the Commerce of the Kingdom Wherefore for the present until we can bring in more Bullion by the over balance of Trade some other Metal should with an Eâ—giâ—e so 〈◊〉 be Milled that the Charge should prevent all practice of false Play III. To the third fourth fifth and sixth Resolution That the Crown and Half Crown hereafter to be Coth'd shall be of the present Weight and Fineness That the Crown piece should go for Five Shillings Six-pence c. That the present Mill'd Crown piece go for Five Shillings Six-pence c. I humbly answer 1. That it would be for the Honour of the King and therein for the Interest of the Country to have all the Money new Minted and Mill'd with his Majesty's Image and Superscription which Honour his Majesty most highly merits forasmuch as his Paternal Care for the Commonwealth of the Kingdom hath against his own present Interest and in such a time of War ecommended to his Parliament the Balance of Trade which is the principal Means to bring in Bullion and Plate 2. That to carry on our Commerce with the more ease we should I humbly think as in the time of Edward 3 Coin our Money for conveniency And it would be with submission for the greater conveniency and the easier and better keeping of all Accompts that our Crown-piece should pass but for a Crown and that our new Coin should be as near as possible respecting the charge of Coinage as much in Money as in Mass For we may if we are not wanting to our selves and to the good Nature of our Nation keep it from Exportation and the Melting-Pot by the over-balance of Trade which is also the best Means to maintain a Vigorou War IV. Resolved That it is the Opinion of this Committee That it be Penal on all such Persons on whom Clippings are found But that may sometimes fall hard on some innocent People Answ for lately one Mr. Jarvis a Tobacconist on Cock Hill having sound out a Thief that stole some Tobacco from him the said Thief or some other Body for him convey'd a parcel of Clippings into his House for which his Wife was committed to Newgate and was put to great Trouble and Charge before the could be discharged from thence V. Resolved That it is the Opinion of this Committee That it be Penal on such Persons as shall Import any Clipt or Counterfet Money I believe we have had as many Guinea's and as much Clipt Answ Mix'd and Dross Money Imported upon us as doth now circulate in the Nation And to prevent such Importation for the future the one half upon discovery thereof should go to the Informer and the other to the King For when an Act is just and good they that inform in favour thereof should not lose any Credit by