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A62918 A defence of Mr. M. H's brief enquiry into the nature of schism and the vindication of it with reflections upon a pamphlet called The review, &c. : and a brief historical account of nonconformity from the Reformation to this present time. Tong, William, 1662-1727. 1693 (1693) Wing T1874; ESTC R22341 189,699 204

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learned_a grotius_n have_v full_o prove_v that_o there_o never_o be_v a_o council_n true_o call_v general_n except_v that_o of_o the_o apostle_n at_o jerusalem_n that_o council_n have_v no_o govern_v power_n non_fw-la ideo_fw-la convocari_fw-la synodum_fw-la quòd_fw-la in_o co_fw-la pars_fw-la sit_fw-la imperii_fw-la yea_o that_o the_o church_n have_v no_o legislative_a power_n by_o divine_a right_n that_o what_o be_v write_v in_o synod_n for_o order_n and_o ornament_n be_v not_o call_v law_n but_o canon_n and_o have_v either_o the_o force_n of_o advice_n only_o 139._o burnet_n abridement_n p._n 139._o or_o they_o oblige_v by_o way_n of_o agreement_n etc._n etc._n and_o our_o reform_a bishop_n cranmer_z tonstal_n and_o other_o be_v require_v to_o give_v their_o opinion_n concern_v the_o authority_n of_o general_n council_n declare_v that_o this_o authority_n do_v not_o flow_v from_o the_o number_n of_o the_o bishop_n but_o from_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o decision_n and_o this_o 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pure_a ecclesiastical_a cause_n but_o what_o concern_v the_o communion_n of_o the_o church_n who_o shall_v be_v receive_v into_o communion_n or_o c●st_v out_o or_o put_v under_o some_o less_o censure_n etc._n etc._n here_o we_o see_v it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o council_n or_o synod_n to_o take_v away_o any_o of_o that_o power_n from_o presbyter_n that_o god_n have_v give_v they_o this_o be_v none_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a cause_n belong_v to_o they_o this_o be_v more_o direct_o assert_v by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o summary_n of_o the_o controversy_n betwixt_o the_o church_n of_o england_n 119._o p._n 119._o and_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n what_o he_o say_v of_o the_o episcopal_a office_n will_v hold_v true_a of_o the_o ministerial_a in_o general_n that_o a_o general_n council_n have_v no_o authority_n to_o give_v away_o those_o right_n and_o power_n which_o be_v inherent_a in_o every_o church_n and_o inseparable_a from_o the_o ministerial_a office_n for_o it_o be_v 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72._o and_o yet_o dr._n sherlock_n confess_v they_o have_v not_o direct_a authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n over_o they_o and_o if_o bishop_n have_v no_o superiority_n over_o presbyter_n but_o what_o be_v ground_v upon_o this_o ecclesiastical_a right_n it_o will_v not_o amount_v to_o formal_a authority_n but_o 2._o no_o power_n can_v be_v claim_v by_o ecclesiastical_a right_n but_o what_o have_v be_v acquire_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o those_o council_n and_o custom_n by_o which_o they_o claim_v if_o it_o be_v a_o jus_o ecclesiasticum_fw-la they_o must_v come_v by_o it_o more_o ecclesiastico_fw-la in_o that_o method_n which_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n have_v prescribe_v and_o nothing_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n give_v all_o the_o presbyter_n and_o the_o people_n too_o a_o voice_n in_o the_o election_n of_o their_o bishop_n the_o african_a bishop_n in_o a_o council_n where_o cyprian_a preside_v 23._o cypr._n ep._n 68_o council_n nic._n arab._n can._n sozom._n l._n 1._o c._n 23._o determine_v that_o plebs_fw-la maximè_fw-la habeat_fw-la potestatem_fw-la vel_fw-la eligendi_fw-la dignos_fw-la sacerdotes_fw-la vel_fw-la indignos_fw-la recusandi_fw-la st._n ambrose_n ep._n 82._o electio_fw-la &_o vocatio_fw-la quae_fw-la sit_fw-la à_fw-la tota_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la verè_fw-la &_o cartò_fw-la est_fw-la divina_fw-la vocatio_fw-la ad_fw-la munus_fw-la episcopi_fw-la that_o this_o be_v the_o primitive_a custom_n none_o will_v deny_v though_o some_o question_n whether_o this_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a or_o no_o and_o i_o will_v not_o say_v it_o be_v necessary_a where_o the_o office_n stand_v upon_o a_o divine_a institution_n but_o certain_o where_o it_o only_o stand_v upon_o the_o plea_n of_o ecclesiastical_a right_n the_o ecclesiastical_a method_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o give_v that_o right_n for_o our_o bishop_n can_v pretend_v to_o stand_v upon_o the_o foundation_n of_o those_o canon_n which_o 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a_o better_a light_n than_o our_o act_n of_o parliament_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o 37._o hen_n 8._o entitle_v a_o
act_n that_o doctor_n of_o civil_a law_n be_v marry_v may_v exercise_v ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n in_o most_o humble_a wise_a show_n and_o declare_v unto_o your_o highness_n your_o most_o faithful_a humble_a and_o obedient_a subject_n the_o lord_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o commons_o of_o this_o present_a parliament_n assemble_v that_o whereas_o your_o highness_n be_v etc._n etc._n the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n dean_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a person_n who_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o jurisdiction_n ecclesiastical_a but_o by_o under_z and_o from_o your_o royal_a majesty_n to_o who_o by_o scripture_n all_o authority_n and_o power_n be_v whole_o give_v to_o hear_v and_o determine_v all_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a and_o to_o all_o such_o person_n as_o your_o majesty_n shall_v appoint_v thereunto_o and_o long_o before_o this_o time_n our_o king_n be_v so_o tender_a of_o their_o royal_a right_n in_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n that_o when_o the_o clergy_n in_o parliament_n 51._o edw._n 3d._n petition_v that_o of_o every_o consultation_n conditional_a the_o ordinary_a may_v of_o himself_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o true_a understanding_n thereof_o and_o therein_o proceed_v according_o that_o be_v without_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n who_o by_o his_o delegate_n by_o commission_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n may_v determine_v the_o same_o the_o king_n answer_n be_v that_o the_o king_n can_v depart_v with_o his_o right_n 339._o instit_fw-la four_o part_n cap._n 74._o p._n 339._o but_o to_o yield_v to_o subject_n according_a to_o law_n upon_o which_o sir_n edw._n cook_n give_v a_o item_n nota_fw-la hoc_fw-la &_o stude_fw-la bene_fw-la by_o the_o statute_n 1._o edw._n 6.2_o the_o bishop_n can_v hold_v no_o court_n but_o in_o the_o king_n name_n and_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o praemunire_n to_o issue_n out_o process_n in_o their_o own_o name_n and_o under_o their_o own_o seal_n and_o though_o that_o statute_n be_v repeal_v in_o 1._o mary_n 2._o yet_o it_o let_v we_o see_v the_o true_a fountain_n of_o prelatical_a jurisdiction_n and_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v revive_v in_o general_a term_n in_o the_o 1._o eliz._n 1._o which_o annex_v and_o unite_v all_o spiritual_a and_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n to_o the_o imperial_a crown_n of_o england_n and_o show_v that_o the_o prelatical_a power_n of_o our_o bishop_n be_v whole_o found_v direct_v and_o limit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o this_o be_v ready_o grant_v by_o our_o able_a civilian_n particular_o godolphin_n in_o his_o abridgement_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n 2d_o introduct_n p._n 2d_o who_o word_n be_v no_o soon_o have_v prince_n in_o ancient_a time_n assign_v and_o limit_v certain_a matter_n and_o cause_n controversial_a to_o the_o cognizance_n of_o bishop_n and_o to_o that_o end_n dignify_v the_o episcopal_a order_n with_o a_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n but_o the_o multiplicity_n and_o emergency_n of_o such_o affair_n require_v for_o the_o dispatch_n and_o management_n thereof_o the_o assistance_n of_o subordinate_a ordinary_n etc._n etc._n dr._n 544._o case_n of_o conscience_n l._n 3._o ch_n 3._o fol._n 544._o jeremy_n taylor_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o supreme_a civil_a power_n be_v also_o supreme_a governor_n over_o all_o person_n and_o in_o all_o cause_n ecclesiastical_a and_o he_o say_v this_o be_v a_o rule_n of_o such_o great_a necessity_n for_o the_o conduct_n of_o conscience_n as_o that_o it_o be_v the_o measure_n of_o determine_v all_o person_n concern_v the_o the_o sanction_n of_o obedience_n to_o all_o ecclesiastical_a law_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v never_o know_v in_o the_o primitive_a church_n that_o ever_o any_o ecclesiastical_a law_n do_v oblige_v the_o church_n unless_o the_o secular_a prince_n do_v establish_v it_o the_o nicene_n canon_n become_v law_n by_o the_o rescript_n of_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n say_v sozomen_n when_o the_o council_n of_o constantinople_n be_v finish_v the_o father_n write_v to_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n 600._o ibidem_fw-la cap._n 4._o fol._n 600._o petition_v ut_fw-la edicto_fw-la pietatis_fw-la tua_fw-la confirmetur_fw-la synodi_fw-la sententia_fw-la the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o ephesus_n and_o chalcedon_n have_v the_o same_o confirmation_n as_o to_o the_o last_o martion_n the_o emperor_n write_v to_o palladius_n his_o perfect_a quod_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la christiana_n fide_fw-la à_fw-la sacerdotibus_fw-la qui_fw-la chalcedone_n convenerunt_fw-la per_fw-la nostra_fw-la praecepta_fw-la statuta_fw-la sunt_fw-la and_o indeed_o what_o be_v it_o that_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v not_o do_v in_o the_o make_n of_o a_o prelate_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n he_o may_v elect_v the_o person_n and_o do_v so_o in_o reality_n for_o he_o nominate_v authoritative_o and_o whatever_o some_o pretend_v 42._o godolph_n repert_n canon_n p._n 42._o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n have_v no_o power_n to_o refuse_v the_o congee_n d'eslire_fw-la and_o mr._n gwin_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o his_o readins_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v of_o ancient_a time_n the_o free_a appointment_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a dignity_n invest_v they_o first_o per_fw-la annulum_fw-la &_o baculum_fw-la and_o afterward_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n and_o that_o in_o process_n of_o time_n he_o make_v the_o election_n over_o to_o other_o under_o certain_a form_n and_o condition_n and_o affirm_v with_o good_a authority_n out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o the_o common_a law_n that_o king_n john_n be_v the_o first_o that_o grant_v this_o liberty_n of_o election_n to_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n but_o that_o all_o bishopric_n be_v at_o first_o donative_n the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v multiply_v bishop_n ad_fw-la libitum_fw-la and_o if_o he_o please_v may_v appoint_v one_o in_o every_o parish_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 26_o hen._n viii_o c._n 14._o six_o and_o twenty_o suffragan_n 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either_o to_o lay-man_n or_o to_o presbyter_n it_o be_v common_o assign_v to_o lay-chancellor_n they_o do_v judicial_o excommunicate_v and_o absolve_v and_o they_o have_v their_o commission_n to_o do_v it_o from_o the_o king_n not_o from_o the_o bishop_n and_o in_o some_o place_n the_o episcopal_a jurisdiction_n be_v reserve_v to_o a_o presbyter_n as_o in_o the_o peculiar_o we_o have_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o england_n at_o bridgnorth_n six_o parish_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o court_n hold_v by_o a_o presbyter_n and_o godolphin_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v certain_a peculiar_a jurisdiction_n belong_v to_o some_o certain_a parish_n the_o inhabitant_n whereof_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o arch-deacon_n and_o sometime_o from_o the_o bishop_n jurisdiction_n of_o which_o there_o be_v fifty_o seven_o in_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n a_o certain_a proof_n that_o the_o bishop_n jurisdiction_n be_v only_o by_o humane_a right_n or_o custom_n because_o the_o law_n can_v exempt_v some_o parish_n from_o it_o but_o by_o the_o citizen_n of_o chester_n divinity_n all_o these_o peculiar_o have_v the_o peculiar_a privilege_n of_o be_v unchurch_v and_o their_o exemption_n will_v be_v tantamount_n to_o excommunication_n because_o they_o be_v not_o under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o bishop_n without_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o church_n unity_n if_o any_o say_v they_o be_v under_o the_o archiepiscopal_a jurisdiction_n i_o answer_v they_o be_v no_o otherwise_o under_o it_o than_o the_o bishop_n be_v and_o the_o prelatical_a party_n themselves_o acknowledge_v that_o arch-bishop_n be_v but_o of_o humane_a institution_n last_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v also_o depose_v and_o deprive_v bishop_n when_o they_o see_v just_a cause_n and_o this_o power_n have_v be_v so_o late_o exert_v that_o it_o need_v no_o far_a proof_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v whether_o the_o deprive_a bishop_n be_v not_o divest_v of_o all_o episcopal_a jurisdiction_n perhaps_o this_o will_v be_v think_v a_o invidious_a question_n and_o a_o insult_a over_o the_o misfortune_n of_o those_o learned_a gentleman_n but_o i_o profess_v serious_o it_o be_v
but_o divide_v and_o separate_v from_o each_o other_o this_o we_o will_v grant_v be_v a_o very_a great_a fault_n but_o yet_o if_o they_o communicate_v in_o such_o thing_n as_o make_v one_o church_n their_o quarrel_n and_o division_n may_v hurt_v themselves_o but_o can_v destroy_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n for_o the_o church_n be_v one_o body_n not_o mere_o by_o the_o agreement_n of_o christian_n among_o themselves_o but_o by_o the_o institution_n of_o christ_n who_o have_v make_v all_o those_o that_o profess_v the_o same_o faith_n and_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o same_o sacrament_n to_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o body_n to_o be_v his_o own_o body_n and_o therefore_o christian_n be_v never_o exhort_v to_o be_v one_o body_n for_o that_o they_o be_v if_o they_o be_v christian_n as_o the_o apostle_n express_o assert_n but_o they_o be_v exhort_v to_o live_v in_o unity_n and_o concord_n because_o they_o be_v one_o body_n eph._n 4.1_o 2_o 3._o and_o in_o the_o 25_o page_n those_o who_o profess_v the_o true_a faith_n of_o christ_n without_o any_o corrupt_a mixture_n be_v sound_n and_o orthodox_n church_n other_o church_n be_v more_o or_o less_o pure_a according_a to_o the_o various_a corruption_n of_o their_o faith_n and_o thus_o it_o be_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o christian_a sacrament_n and_o worship_n too_o i_o hope_v this_o will_v be_v acknowledge_v very_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n but_o if_o we_o desire_v it_o he_o will_v yet_o speak_v more_o plain_o for_o when_o his_o adversary_n have_v say_v succession_n of_o doctrine_n without_o succession_n of_o office_n be_v a_o poor_a plea_n he_n answer_v i_o must_v needs_o tell_v he_o it_o be_v a_o much_o better_a plea_n than_o succession_n of_o doctrine_n for_o i_o be_o sure_a 53._o p._n 53._o there_o be_v not_o a_o safe_a communion_n where_o there_o be_v not_o a_o succession_n of_o apostolical_a doctrine_n but_o whether_o the_o want_n of_o a_o succession_n of_o bishop_n will_v in_o all_o case_n unchurch_n admit_v of_o a_o great_a dispute_n i_o be_o sure_a true_a faith_n in_o christ_n with_o a_o true_a gospel_n conversation_n will_v save_v man_n and_o some_o learned_a romanist_n defend_v the_o old_a definition_n of_o the_o church_n 13._o jo._n laun._n ep._n vol._n 8._o ep._n 13._o that_o it_o be_v coetus_fw-la fidelium_fw-la the_o company_n of_o the_o faithful_a and_o will_v not_o admit_v bishop_n or_o pastor_n into_o the_o desinition_n of_o a_o church_n i_o have_v even_o tire_v myself_o with_o these_o quotation_n not_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o our_o cause_n but_o out_o of_o civility_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o chester_n and_o man_n of_o his_o temper_n that_o by_o take_v up_o a_o false_a idea_n of_o catholic_n unity_n to_o the_o exclusion_n of_o all_o those_o that_o have_v not_o diocesan_n episcopacy_n be_v animate_v by_o it_o to_o the_o great_a severity_n against_o they_o conclude_v that_o those_o who_o shut_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o catholic_n church_n be_v well_o enough_o serve_v if_o they_o be_v cast_v out_o of_o civil_a satiety_n and_o deny_v the_o common_a right_n and_o privilege_n of_o mankind_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v this_o gentieman_n notion_n about_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n which_o may_v give_v we_o a_o little_a diversion_n in_o our_o journey_n he_o charge_v the_o vindicator_n with_o misreporting_a his_o description_n of_o unity_n 16._o reply_v p._n 16._o omit_v that_o which_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v add_v and_o if_o he_o do_v so_o he_o be_v very_o much_o to_o blame_v but_o let_v we_o turn_v to_o the_o place_n and_o try_v whether_o it_o be_v so_o or_o no._n those_o word_n out_o of_o which_o we_o must_v draw_v his_o notion_n of_o unity_n be_v these_o though_o there_o be_v a_o multiplication_n of_o church_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o believer_n yet_o no_o variation_n they_o be_v all_o one_o with_o that_o church_n first_o mention_v in_o jerusalem_n and_o all_o one_o with_o one_o another_o be_v all_o unite_a into_o one_o spiritual_a society_n or_o body_n under_o one_o head_n jesus_n christ_n 2._o arch-rebei_a p._n 2._o and_o be_v in_o all_o thing_n the_o same_o with_o that_o first_o church_n unite_v in_o one_o baptism_n and_o in_o one_o faith_n all_o partake_v at_o the_o same_o table_n and_o so_o all_o unite_v in_o the_o visible_a external_a worship_n and_o service_n of_o god_n this_o account_n of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n the_o vindic_n thus_o contract_n all_o church_n be_v one_o as_o unite_v into_o one_o body_n 16._o vindic._n p._n 16._o whereof_o christ_n be_v the_o head_n have_v the_o same_o baptism_n the_o same_o faith_n and_o the_o same_o eucharist_n now_o what_o have_v he_o omit_v that_o belong_v to_o this_o description_n of_o unity_n why_o he_o shall_v have_v add_v they_o be_v all_o one_o with_o that_o church_n first_o mention_v at_o jerusalem_n but_o that_o he_o leave_v out_o and_o he_o shall_v have_v add_v they_o be_v all_o one_o with_o one_o another_o and_o again_o they_o be_v in_o all_o thing_n the_o same_o with_o that_o first_o church_n but_o he_o omit_v both_o these_o a_o very_a dangerous_a omission_n but_o pray_v what_o do_v all_o these_o three_o sentence_n amount_v to_o more_o than_o this_o single_a assertion_n the_o catholic_n church_n be_v one_o not_o one_o of_o they_o answer_v the_o question_n wherein_o it_o be_v one_o it_o be_v no_o explanation_n of_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n to_o say_v it_o be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o primitive_a church_n and_o all_o one_o with_o itself_o and_o the_o same_o with_o that_o first_o church_n still_o the_o question_n be_v wherein_o be_v the_o church_n one_o wherein_o do_v the_o unity_n of_o all_o true_a church_n consist_v for_o to_o say_v they_o be_v one_o because_o they_o be_v one_o and_o because_o they_o be_v the_o same_o and_o all_o one_o with_o one_o another_o be_v a_o most_o vain_a and_o ridiculous_a tautology_n which_o the_o vindicator_n be_v so_o civil_a as_o to_o pass_v by_o only_o fix_v upon_o those_o word_n that_o tell_v we_o wherein_o they_o be_v one_o even_o as_o unite_v into_o one_o body_n under_o one_o head_n have_v the_o same_o baptism_n faith_n and_o eucharist_n and_o so_o unite_v in_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n the_o other_o phrase_n bare_o assert_v the_o unity_n these_o describe_v and_o explain_v it_o but_o this_o gentleman_n know_v not_o when_o he_o be_v well_o deal_v with_o but_o will_v force_v we_o to_o expose_v he_o whether_o we_o will_v or_o no._n the_o vindicator_n have_v thus_o collect_v out_o of_o his_o word_n a_o description_n of_o unity_n as_o consist_v in_o the_o same_o lord_n and_o in_o the_o same_o baptism_n faith_n and_o eucharist_n agree_v to_o it_o with_o this_o explanation_n that_o be_v the_o same_o for_o substance_n for_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o primitive_a time_n in_o the_o same_o circumstance_n and_o infer_v from_o hence_o that_o there_o may_v be_v catholic_n unity_n without_o diocesan_n episcopacy_n and_o ceremony_n neither_o of_o which_o he_o put_v into_o his_o description_n the_o gentleman_n reply_n to_o this_o be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o thus_o it_o go_v it_o be_v plain_a all_o that_o he_o drive_v at_o here_o be_v that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o true_a church-unity_n without_o episcopacy_n which_o doctrine_n be_v a_o mere_a innovation_n etc._n etc._n but_o why_o do_v he_o not_o then_o insert_v the_o unity_n of_o episcopacy_n in_o his_o description_n if_o he_o leave_v it_o out_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v the_o vindication_n shall_v foist_v it_o in_o for_o he_o as_o he_o now_o will_v do_v himself_o but_o it_o be_v too_o late_o and_o to_o add_v it_o now_o be_v not_o a_o defence_n of_o his_o former_a paper_n but_o a_o amendment_n rather_o such_o as_o it_o be_v but_o indeed_o reject_v by_o the_o most_o judicious_a of_o the_o episcopal_a writer_n as_o have_v be_v already_o evince_v to_o which_o i_o will_v here_o add_v one_o citation_n more_o that_o i_o may_v either_o recover_v he_o out_o of_o his_o frenzy_n or_o leave_v he_o inexcusable_a it_o be_v the_o learned_a author_n of_o the_o summary_n of_o the_o late_a controversy_n betwixt_o the_o church_n of_o england_n and_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 123._o p._n 123._o he_o very_o well_o distinguish_v between_o external_n ecclesiastical_a communion_n and_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n and_o say_v the_o unity_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n consist_v in_o one_o faith_n and_o worship_n and_o charity_n that_o indeed_o such_o external_a communion_n when_o occasion_n offer_v show_v that_o we_o be_v all_o disciple_n of_o the_o same_o common_a lord_n and_o saviour_n and_o own_o each_o other_o for_o brethren_n but_o the_o church_n may_v be_v the_o one_o body_n of_o christ_n without_o be_v one_o ecclesiastical_a body_n under_o one_o govern_v head_n which_o it_o be_v impossible_a
oecumenius_n who_o write_v above_o a_o thousand_o year_n after_o christ_n nay_o the_o very_a postscript_n themselves_o prove_v that_o they_o be_v of_o much_o late_a date_n than_o the_o epistle_n for_o in_o one_o of_o they_o phrygia_n be_v call_v pacatiana_n which_o be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o it_o till_o above_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n when_o it_o be_v conquer_v by_o one_o pacatius_n a_o roman_a general_n and_o after_o he_o call_v pacatiana_n and_o in_o the_o postscript_n to_o titus_n it_o be_v say_v the_o epistle_n be_v write_v from_o nicopolis_n which_o it_o can_v not_o be_v since_o in_o the_o epistle_n itself_o paul_n speak_v of_o nicopolis_n a_o place_n whither_o he_o design_v to_o go_v and_o winter_n and_o will_v have_v titus_n come_v to_o he_o there_o come_v to_o i_o to_o nicopolis_n for_o there_o not_o here_o i_o design_v to_o winter_n these_o postscript_n therefore_o betray_v themselves_o by_o their_o own_o language_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v tell_v we_o what_o there_o be_v in_o the_o word_n angel_n that_o will_v demonstrate_v a_o diocesan_n bishop_n but_o instead_o thereof_o tell_v we_o a_o long_a story_n out_o of_o dr._n hammond_n which_o be_v worse_o than_o impertinent_a for_o it_o affirm_v that_o those_o angel_n be_v not_o diocesan_n bishop_n but_o metropolitanes_n or_o arch-bishop_n that_o have_v bishop_n under_o they_o 71._o vid._n dr._n sherlock_n vindic._n of_o prot._n princ._n p._n 71._o now_o our_o learned_a church_n man_n acknowledge_v that_o metropolitanes_n be_v not_o of_o divine_a but_o of_o ecclesiastical_a institution_n and_o have_v no_o proper_a jurisdiction_n over_o bishop_n and_o they_o general_o desert_n doctor_n hammond_n in_o this_o notion_n but_o this_o gentleman_n have_v not_o consider_v so_o far_o but_o find_v a_o large_a paragraph_n that_o will_v prove_v the_o largeness_n of_o those_o church_n and_o think_v he_o have_v get_v a_o prize_n in_o short_a let_v they_o but_o acknowledge_v presbyter_n to_o be_v bishop_n as_o dr._n hammond_n say_v they_o all_o be_v in_o scripture_n time_n 27._o dr._n morris_n of_o diocesan_n ep._n scop_n p._n 27._o and_o let_v the_o bishop_n be_v metropolitan_o hold_v only_o by_o ecclesiastical_a institution_n without_o any_o proper_a authority_n over_o the_o presbyter_n and_o we_o shall_v not_o much_o differ_v from_o they_o let_v we_o now_o see_v what_o evidence_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o prove_v that_o presbyter_n be_v of_o the_o same_o order_n with_o bishop_n and_o have_v the_o same_o power_n as_o they_o and_o one_a it_o be_v no_o contemptible_a argument_n that_o presbyter_n be_v frequent_o call_v bishop_n in_o scripture_n that_o the_o name_n be_v use_v promiscuous_o the_o great_a patron_n of_o the_o prelacy_n acknowledge_v the_o elder_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ephesus_n be_v so_o call_v act_n 20.28_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o church_n of_o philippi_n be_v call_v bishop_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o syriack_n version_n which_o be_v very_o ancient_a have_v but_o one_o word_n for_o presbyter_n and_o bishop_n now_o if_o there_o be_v so_o material_a a_o disserence_n betwixt_o a_o bishop_n and_o a_o presbyter_n as_o some_o man_n will_v make_v it_o be_v strange_a there_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o distinct_a word_n to_o express_v it_o by_o if_o only_o such_o as_o be_v now_o own_v to_o be_v bishop_n be_v call_v presbyter_n the_o argument_n will_v not_o be_v so_o strong_a for_o they_o may_v think_v to_o evade_v it_o by_o say_v the_o lesser_a be_v include_v in_o the_o great_a and_o they_o be_v presbyter_n before_o they_o be_v bishop_n but_o when_o even_o those_o who_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v mere_a presbyter_n be_v call_v bishop_n it_o be_v very_o considerable_a for_o the_o lesser_a can_v include_v the_o great_a it_o will_v sound_v very_o strange_a in_o england_n for_o a_o presbyter_n to_o write_v himself_o bishop_n and_o if_o the_o apostle_n have_v know_v any_o thing_n of_o this_o mighty_a distinction_n upon_o which_o the_o fate_n of_o so_o many_o church_n and_o salvation_n of_o so_o many_o soul_n be_v make_v to_o depend_v we_o can_v suppose_v they_o will_v have_v lay_v such_o a_o temptation_n before_o we_o to_o draw_v we_o into_o a_o opinion_n of_o the_o identity_n of_o order_n by_o the_o indifferent_a and_o promiscuous_a use_n of_o the_o title_n dr._n morris_n in_o his_o defence_n of_o diocesan_n episcopacy_n make_v very_o little_a account_n of_o the_o title_n of_o bishop_n be_v give_v to_o presbyter_n in_o the_o church_n of_o philippi_n 30._o pag._n 29_o 30._o and_o be_v please_v to_o say_v this_o debate_n about_o the_o bishop_n of_o philippi_n have_v soon_o be_v at_o a_o end_n if_o our_o author_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o explain_v himself_o and_o tell_v we_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o bishop_n for_o be_v the_o pastor_n of_o single_a congregation_n respective_o in_o covenant_n then_o there_o must_v have_v be_v several_a congregation_n or_o church_n in_o the_o same_o city_n which_o mr._n clarkson_n will_v not_o allow_v or_o be_v those_o bishope_n only_a presbyter_n rule_v the_o church_n of_o philippi_n with_o common_a and_o equal_a authority_n then_o our_o author_n must_v give_v up_o the_o question_n and_o instead_o of_o make_v many_o bishop_n must_v own_o that_o there_o be_v none_o at_o all_o there_o but_o only_a presbyter_n will_v he_o contend_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o bishop_n than_o presbyter_n that_o will_v be_v to_o abuse_v his_o reader_n with_o the_o ambiguity_n of_o a_o word_n which_o he_o take_v in_o one_o sense_n and_o the_o church_n in_o another_o that_o many_o presbyter_n may_v belong_v to_o one_o congregation_n none_o ever_o deny_v but_o that_o many_o bishop_n in_o the_o allow_v and_o ecclesiastical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n have_v the_o oversight_n of_o one_o city_n seem_v strange_a and_o incredible_a to_o the_o ancient_a christian_n chrysostom_n observe_v this_o expression_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o philippi_n seem_v to_o be_v startle_v with_o it_o what_o many_o bishop_n in_o one_o city_n by_o no_o mean_n it_o can_v be_v what_o then_o they_o be_v not_o bishop_n proper_o so_o call_v but_o presbyter_n i_o have_v take_v the_o more_o notice_n of_o this_o paragraph_n 25._o work_n of_o the_o learned_a augustin_n p._n 25._o because_o la_fw-fr cross_n magnify_v it_o as_o a_o terrible_a dilemma_n though_o he_o have_v lamentable_o spoil_v it_o in_o the_o abridgement_n but_o take_v it_o as_o the_o dr._n have_v lay_v it_o before_o we_o i_o see_v not_o how_o it_o can_v much_o weaken_v our_o cause_n or_o fortify_v his_o own_o we_o do_v real_o maintain_v that_o these_o bishop_n be_v presbyter_n rule_v the_o church_n of_o philippi_n with_o common_a consent_n and_o whether_o this_o be_v the_o ecclesiastical_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n or_o no_o we_o be_v not_o much_o concern_v to_o inquire_v it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o our_o purpose_n that_o it_o be_v the_o true_a scriptural_a sense_n and_o the_o only_a one_o too_o tit._n communi_fw-la presbyterorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la eccles●e_fw-la gubernabuntur_fw-la hieron_n 1_o tit._n for_o we_o never_o find_v the_o word_n in_o all_o the_o new_a testament_n signify_v a_o ecclesiastical_a order_n of_o man_n superior_a to_o presbyter_n we_o deny_v not_o but_o that_o this_o name_n very_o early_o begin_v to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o senior_a presbyter_n in_o a_o church_n or_o city_n who_o yet_o never_o pretend_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a order_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o colleague_n of_o the_o presbytery_n for_o a_o long_a time_n afterward_o but_o as_o the_o word_n thus_o use_v be_v take_v in_o a_o ecclesiastical_a not_o scriptural_a sense_n so_o the_o dignity_n thereby_o express_v be_v of_o mere_a ecclesiastical_a not_o divine_a institution_n and_o whereas_o chrysostom_n say_v they_o be_v not_o bishop_n proper_o so_o call_v he_o can_v mean_v no_o more_o by_o it_o but_o that_o they_o be_v not_o such_o bishop_n as_o that_o word_n be_v make_v to_o signify_v by_o common_a usage_n in_o his_o time_n and_o we_o grant_v they_o be_v not_o for_o the_o distinction_n of_o office_n and_o degree_n not_o be_v know_v in_o scripture_n the_o word_n can_v not_o be_v use_v in_o that_o distinguish_a sense_n there_o thus_o a_o learned_a canonist_n give_v it_o as_o the_o vogue_n of_o many_o primitive_a author_n 32._o lancel_v instit_fw-la lag_a can._n l._n 1._o tit._n 21._o p._n 32._o that_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n be_v former_o the_o same_o and_o that_o presbyter_n be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o person_n age_n bishop_n of_o his_o office_n but_o there_o be_v many_o of_o these_o in_o every_o church_n they_o determine_v among_o themselves_o for_o the_o prevent_n of_o schism_n that_o one_o shall_v be_v elect_v by_o themselves_o to_o be_v set_v over_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o person_n so_o elect_v retain_v the_o name_n of_o bishop_n for_o distinction_n sake_n the_o rest_n be_v only_o call_v presbyter_n and_o in_o
cause_n can_v stand_v without_o it_o for_o as_o the_o first_o variation_n from_o apostolical_a practice_n be_v the_o set_n up_o of_o one_o above_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o presbyter_n in_o a_o particular_a church_n and_o call_v he_o bishop_n so_o the_o next_o be_v the_o keep_n of_o new_a congregation_n in_o dependency_n upon_o that_o which_o be_v the_o first_o church_n and_o though_o i_o will_v not_o say_v such_o dependence_n be_v in_o all_o case_n unlawful_a yet_o they_o be_v ordinary_o dangerous_a and_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v necessary_a god_n have_v no_o where_o tie_v up_o a_o new_a form_v congregation_n from_o endeavour_v to_o have_v a_o bishop_n and_o altar_n of_o their_o own_o and_o if_o this_o can_v be_v have_v with_o the_o good_a will_n and_o consent_n of_o that_o elder_a church_n and_o bishop_n who_o have_v be_v instrumental_a in_o the_o conversion_n of_o this_o new_a colony_n they_o may_v no_o doubt_n do_v it_o without_o they_o if_o general_a edification_n require_v it_o thus_o i_o have_v brief_o examine_v our_o gentleman_n antiquity_n what_o advantage_n he_o or_o his_o cause_n have_v receive_v by_o they_o he_o have_v now_o leisure_n to_o consider_v let_v we_o see_v whether_o the_o primitive_a father_n be_v no_o more_o favourable_a to_o we_o than_o they_o have_v be_v to_o he_o and_o i_o will_v lay_v down_o this_o as_o a_o just_a remark_n upon_o these_o proof_n out_o of_o antiquity_n that_o one_o passage_n which_o express_o tell_v we_o what_o kind_n of_o superiority_n bishop_n have_v in_o primitive_a time_n over_o presbyter_n and_o how_o they_o come_v by_o it_o be_v of_o more_o value_n in_o this_o controversy_n than_o a_o score_n that_o bare_o mention_v that_o superiority_n the_o one_o speak_v direct_o to_o the_o question_n the_o other_o not_o we_o acknowledge_v those_o who_o the_o father_n call_v bishop_n have_v some_o kind_n of_o superiority_n over_o those_o call_v presbyter_n and_o it_o be_v a_o vain_a thing_n for_o person_n to_o sweat_n and_o toil_n in_o prove_v that_o which_o we_o never_o deny_v but_o will_v grant_v they_o at_o the_o first_o demand_n but_o the_o controversy_n turn_v upon_o this_o very_a hinge_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o superiority_n of_o order_n by_o divine_a institution_n those_o ancient_n that_o speak_v purposely_o to_o this_o point_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a evidence_n in_o this_o cause_n st._n hierom_n speak_v as_o direct_o to_o the_o question_n as_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o one_o to_o do_v he_o positive_o assert_n and_o large_o prove_v that_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n be_v the_o same_o evagrium_fw-la ad_fw-la evagrium_fw-la manifestissime_fw-la comprobatur_fw-la eundem_fw-la esse_fw-la episcopum_fw-la &_o presbyterum_fw-la and_o cit_v for_o that_o purpose_n act_v 20.28_o phil._n 1.1_o tit._n 1.5_o 6_o 7._o and_o divers_a other_o text_n of_o scripture_n and_o in_o his_o commentary_n on_o it_v of_o titus_n affirm_v idem_fw-la ergo_fw-la presbyter_n qui_fw-la episcopus_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o tell_v we_o that_o at_o first_o the_o church_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o the_o presbyter_n and_o that_o the_o distinction_n betwixt_o presbyter_n and_o bishop_n be_v magis_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la quàm_fw-la dispositionis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la veritate_fw-la rather_o by_o custom_n than_o divine_a appointment_n in_o another_o place_n he_o ascribe_v to_o presbyter_n the_o power_n of_o the_o key_n 283._o ep._n ad_fw-la heliodorum_n p._n 283._o and_o be_v so_o full_a and_o express_a that_o some_o of_o the_o papist_n accuse_v he_o of_o error_n herein_o other_o labour_v hard_o but_o in_o vain_a to_o invalidate_v his_o evidence_n by_o pretend_v that_o this_o praelation_n of_o bishop_n above_o presbyter_n be_v a_o thing_n do_v by_o apostolical_a appointment_n because_o jerom_n say_v it_o be_v find_v out_o as_o a_o remedy_n against_o schism_n when_o man_n begin_v to_o say_v i_o be_o of_o paul_n and_o i_o of_o apollo_n which_o be_v in_o the_o apostle_n time_n but_o to_o this_o it_o have_v be_v often_o reply_v st._n jerom_n do_v not_o speak_v of_o that_o particular_a schism_n of_o the_o corinthian_n but_o of_o other_o which_o arise_v about_o contest_v of_o the_o like_a nature_n and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o intend_v that_o individual_a case_n of_o the_o church_n of_o corinth_n be_v most_o certain_a for_o 1._o the_o schism_n he_o speak_v of_o be_v occasion_v by_o their_o difference_n about_o those_o presbyter_n that_o have_v govern_v they_o by_o common_a consent_n but_o that_o of_o the_o corinthian_n be_v about_o the_o apostle_n it_o can_v be_v suppose_v that_o by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o presbyter_n jerom_n shall_v mean_v paul_n apollo_n and_o cephas_n govern_v in_o common_a the_o church_n of_o corinth_n 2._o this_o schism_n jerom_n speak_v of_o be_v too_o much_o promote_v by_o the_o presbyter_n themselves_o postquam_fw-la vero_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la eos_fw-la quos_fw-la baptizaverat_fw-la suos_fw-la esse_fw-la putabat_fw-la non_fw-la christi_fw-la etc._n etc._n he_o do_v not_o date_n this_o distinction_n of_o order_n from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o people_n only_o contend_v about_o their_o minister_n but_o when_o the_o minister_n also_o influence_v those_o contention_n and_o make_v themselves_o the_o head_n of_o party_n account_v those_o their_o own_o who_o have_v be_v baptize_v by_o they_o now_o this_o be_v not_o the_o corinthian_a case_n for_o there_o the_o apostle_n be_v so_o far_o from_o encourage_v those_o siding_n that_o he_o express_o condemn_v they_o 3._o the_o schism_n he_o speak_v of_o be_v remedy_v by_o choose_v one_o of_o those_o presbyter_n they_o contend_v about_o and_o set_v he_o over_o the_o rest_n and_o commit_v the_o whole_a care_n of_o the_o church_n to_o he_o but_o i_o hope_v none_o will_v say_v that_o paul_n be_v set_v above_o cephas_n or_o he_o above_o paul_n or_o apollo_n above_o they_o both_o to_o heal_v the_o corinthian_n schism_n and_o therefore_o the_o rise_n of_o prelacy_n be_v not_o to_o be_v date_v from_o that_o very_a schism_n but_o from_o other_o that_o afterward_o happen_v in_o the_o church_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o a_o very_a learned_a doctor_n that_o the_o argument_n which_o st._n jerom_n bring_v for_o this_o parity_n 279._o dr._n still_v irenic_n p._n 279._o be_v ground_v upon_o those_o part_n of_o scripture_n which_o be_v write_v after_o this_o corinthian_a schism_n and_o say_v he_o can_v we_o think_v jerom_n have_v so_o little_a sense_n as_o to_o say_v that_o episcopacy_n be_v institute_v upon_o that_o schism_n and_o yet_o bring_v all_o his_o argument_n for_o parity_n after_o the_o time_n that_o he_o set_v for_o the_o institution_n of_o episcopacy_n st._n ambrose_n or_o rather_o hilary_n ibid_fw-la non_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la conviniunt_fw-la scripta_fw-la apostoli_fw-la ordinat_fw-la in_o ephes_n 4._o prospiciente_fw-la concilio_n ut_fw-la non_fw-la ordo_fw-la sed_fw-la meritum_fw-la crearet_fw-la episcopum_fw-la multerum_fw-la sacerd_v judicio_fw-la constiti_fw-la ibid_fw-la affirm_v that_o the_o ordination_n that_o be_v in_o the_o church_n in_o his_o day_n do_v not_o exact_o agree_v with_o the_o writing_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o afterward_o show_v how_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o a_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n arise_v by_o a_o mere_a act_n of_o the_o church_n choose_v one_o that_o be_v most_o worthy_a and_o set_v he_o over_o the_o rest_n but_o that_o in_o the_o begin_n there_o be_v no_o particular_a rector_n of_o church_n constitute_v and_o therefore_o all_o thing_n be_v manage_v by_o the_o convention_n of_o presbyter_n comment_n in_o 1_o cor._n 11._o these_o commentary_n be_v cite_v by_o st._n augustine_n and_o great_o commend_v clemens_n alexandrinus_n stromat_n l._n 7._o tell_v we_o that_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n be_v penes_fw-la presbyteros_fw-la in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o presbyter_n st._n augustine_n give_v we_o a_o plain_a account_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n secundum_fw-la honorum_fw-la vocabula_fw-la quae_fw-la jam_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la usus_fw-la obtinuit_fw-la episcopatus_fw-la presbyterio_n major_a est_fw-la he_o do_v not_o pretend_v that_o it_o be_v by_o divine_a right_n but_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n nor_o in_o any_o real_a act_n of_o power_n but_o only_o in_o a_o honorary_a title_n that_o episcopacy_n be_v superior_a to_o presbytery_n 11._o medina_n the_o sacr_n hom._n orig_n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o consult_v art_n 14._o p._n 952._o chrys_n hom._n 11._o and_o this_o matter_n be_v so_o evident_a that_o the_o most_o learned_a papist_n acknowledge_v it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o most_o of_o the_o father_n cassander_n be_v positive_a in_o it_o convenit_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la olim_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la aetate_fw-la nullum_fw-la discrimen_fw-la etc._n etc._n to_o this_o some_o object_n that_o both_o jerom_n and_o chrysostome_n notwithstanding_o all_o they_o say_v for_o the_o identity_n of_o these_o office_n do_v still_o except_o ordination_n as_o that_o which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o bishop_n but_o the_o illustrious_a chamier_n
not_o speak_v in_o any_o such_o humour_n man_n of_o tender_a conscience_n though_o under_o a_o mistake_n will_v conciliate_v veneration_n from_o other_o the_o worst_a i_o wish_v they_o be_v that_o god_n will_v show_v they_o the_o evil_n of_o their_o former_a imposition_n upon_o the_o conscience_n of_o their_o poor_a despise_a brethren_n but_o that_o which_o induce_v i_o to_o mention_v it_o be_v i_o find_v the_o defender_n of_o the_o hierarchy_n confident_o assert_v that_o there_o can_v be_v but_o one_o bishop_n in_o one_o church_n at_o the_o same_o time_n therefore_o if_o the_o former_a be_v not_o divest_v of_o their_o power_n i_o see_v not_o how_o the_o present_a incumbent_n can_v have_v any_o by_o their_o own_o rule_n and_o so_o their_o ordination_n will_v be_v null_a if_o the_o other_o be_v still_o valid_a the_o present_a bishop_n of_o worcester_n in_o his_o debate_n with_o mr._n clarkson_n say_v it_o be_v the_o inviolable_a rule_n of_o the_o church_n to_o have_v but_o one_o bishop_n in_o a_o city_n and_o church_n at_o once_o and_o dr._n morrice_n labour_v hard_a to_o conquer_v mr._n clarkson_n objection_n against_o it_o which_o be_v 19_o def._n of_o the_o ans_fw-fr to_o dr._n st._n p._n 19_o that_o alexander_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o jerusalem_n whilst_o narcissus_n live_v he_o say_v narcissus_n take_v alexander_n into_o the_o participation_n of_o the_o charge_n but_o foresee_v that_o mr._n c._n will_v reply_v than_o here_o be_v two_o bishop_n joint_o govern_v one_o church_n contrary_a to_o dr._n st_n inviolable_a rule_n he_o add_v alexander_n be_v the_o bishop_n narcissus_n retain_v but_o the_o name_n and_o title_n only_o that_o be_v be_v but_o a_o titular_a not_o a_o real_a bishop_n and_o it_o seem_v that_o be_v his_o part_n of_o the_o charge_n to_o have_v only_o the_o title_n and_o no_o charge_n at_o all_o now_o whether_o t.w._n think_v the_o late_a bishop_n be_v the_o titular_a and_o the_o present_a the_o real_a or_o on_o the_o contrary_a we_o will_v not_o oblige_v he_o to_o declare_v only_o we_o guess_v at_o his_o sentiment_n by_o his_o calling_n the_o late_a archbishop_n the_o ruler_n of_o god_n people_n above_o half_a a_o year_n after_o he_o be_v deprive_v perhaps_o this_o gentleman_n will_v satisfy_v himself_o with_o say_v the_o late_a prelate_n have_v the_o power_n still_o but_o be_v restrain_v from_o the_o exercise_n of_o it_o but_o that_o will_v be_v to_o confront_v the_o act_n of_o parliament_n which_o say_v express_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o office_n and_o distinguish_v betwixt_o be_v suspend_v from_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o office_n and_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o office_n itself_o if_o they_o do_v not_o take_v the_o oath_n before_o the_o first_o of_o august_n mariae_fw-la 1689._o primo_fw-la guliel_n &_o mariae_fw-la they_o be_v suspend_v from_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o office_n for_o six_o month_n and_o if_o then_o they_o still_o refuse_v they_o shall_v be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la deprive_v and_o be_v hereby_o judge_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o office_n benefice_n dignity_n and_o promotion_n ecclesiastical_a what_o be_v it_o then_o that_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n may_v not_o do_v in_o the_o make_n of_o a_o english_a prelate_n i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v say_v he_o can_v consecrate_v he_o and_o it_o be_v the_o consecration_n that_o give_v the_o episcopal_a power_n but_o to_o this_o i_o have_v two_o thing_n to_o return_v 1._o according_a to_o their_o own_o practice_n episcopal_a jurisdiction_n be_v exercise_v by_o person_n never_o so_o consecrate_v as_o by_o presbyter_n and_o lay-chancellor_n in_o the_o case_n before_o mention_v and_o they_o have_v authority_n give_v they_o to_o exercise_v that_o jurisdiction_n and_o that_o not_o by_o deputation_n from_o the_o bishop_n but_o by_o legal_a constitution_n and_o what_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o bishop_n but_o authority_n to_o do_v the_o work_n of_o a_o bishop_n 2._o since_o the_o whole_a be_v of_o episcopal_a power_n be_v found_v upon_o their_o consecration_n it_o be_v very_o reasonable_a to_o demand_v from_o they_o a_o plain_a rule_n in_o scripture_n for_o this_o consecration_n of_o bishop_n as_o distinct_a from_o the_o ordination_n of_o presbyter_n if_o they_o choose_v this_o foot_n to_o fix_v their_o divine_a right_n upon_o it_o be_v necessary_a a_o clear_a scripture_n canon_n shall_v be_v produce_v for_o it_o but_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a they_o may_v turn_v over_o all_o the_o leave_n of_o their_o bible_n all_o the_o day_n of_o their_o life_n before_o they_o can_v find_v any_o such_o thing_n and_o as_o the_o scripture_n be_v altogether_o silent_a as_o to_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o ordination_n of_o a_o presbyter_n and_o consecration_n of_o a_o bishop_n tit._n 1_o tit._n nay_o in_o the_o rule_n for_o ordination_n make_v they_o the_o same_o so_o this_o ceremony_n of_o consecration_n have_v not_o be_v at_o all_o time_n and_o all_o case_n think_v necessary_a 49._o repertor_n canon_n p._n 49._o or_o practise_v in_o the_o make_n of_o bishop_n godolphin_n tell_v we_o that_o ancient_o according_a to_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o where_o the_o pope_n spiritual_a power_n and_o authority_n be_v in_o force_n bishop_n be_v not_o so_o much_o by_o election_n as_o postulation_n 106._o sum._n rosel_n postulat_fw-la &_o tit_n si_fw-fr ques_fw-fr pan._n 2._o p._n 106._o and_o in_o that_o case_n the_o elect_v be_v a_o bishop_n present_o without_o confirmation_n or_o consecration_n only_o by_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o superior_a and_o i_o have_v recite_v already_o the_o judgement_n of_o mr._n dodwell_n that_o every_o particular_a church_n have_v a_o power_n to_o invest_v its_o bishop_n and_o that_o the_o call_n in_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o bishop_n be_v not_o for_o want_v of_o a_o right_a in_o themselves_o to_o do_v it_o i_o hope_v these_o gentleman_n will_v be_v more_o cautious_a how_o they_o lie_v the_o whole_a weight_n of_o episcopal_a authority_n upon_o consecration_n which_o it_o seem_v might_n sometime_o be_v omit_v lest_o thereby_o they_o break_v their_o line_n and_o the_o neck_n of_o their_o cause_n together_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o think_v it_o be_v clear_a enough_o that_o the_o english_a prelaty_n be_v a_o mere_a creature_n of_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n who_o may_v make_v every_o parson_n of_o a_o parish_n a_o bishop_n if_o he_o please_v their_o whole_a power_n as_o distinct_a from_o presbyter_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n by_o the_o statute_n 25_o hen._n viii_o 19_o it_o be_v declare_v that_o none_o of_o the_o clergy_n shall_v from_o thenceforth_o presume_v to_o attempt_v allege_v claim_n or_o put_v in_o ure_n any_o constitution_n or_o ordinance_n provincial_a or_o any_o other_o canon_n nor_o shall_v enact_v promulge_v or_o execute_v any_o such_o canon_n constitution_n or_o ordinance_n provincial_a by_o whatsoever_o name_n or_o name_n they_o shall_v be_v call_v in_o their_o convocation_n in_o time_n come_v which_o shall_v always_o be_v assemble_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n writ_n unless_o the_o same_o clergy_n may_v have_v the_o king_n most_o royal_a assent_v so_o to_o do_v upon_o pain_n of_o be_v fine_v and_o imprison_v at_o the_o king_n will_n i_o need_v not_o say_v how_o severe_o the_o canon_n of_o 40_o be_v damn_v by_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o where_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o clergy_n in_o a_o synod_n or_o convocation_n 476._o supplement_n o●_n baker_n chron._n p._n 476._o have_v no_o power_n to_o make_v canon_n constitution_n or_o law_n ecclesiastical_a to_o bind_v either_o laity_n or_o clergy_n without_o a_o parliament_n and_o that_o the_o canon_n be_v against_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o realm_n against_o the_o king_n prerogative_n property_n of_o the_o subject_n right_n of_o parliament_n and_o tend_v to_o faction_n and_o sedition_n and_o the_o act_n of_o uniformity_n have_v not_o leave_v the_o bishop_n power_n to_o add_v or_o change_v one_o ceremony_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o parliament_n 4._o last_o we_o plead_v that_o the_o civil_a power_n have_v now_o leave_v we_o to_o our_o liberty_n in_o the_o case_n of_o conformity_n and_o therefore_o we_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o disobedience_n to_o authority_n in_o what_o we_o do_v i_o know_v it_o will_v present_o be_v reply_v that_o the_o act_n of_o liberty_n only_o free_v dissenter_n from_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n not_o from_o the_o precept_n of_o it_o and_o there_o be_v a_o sharp_a thing_n write_v it_o seem_v by_o mr._n norris_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o only_a change_n make_v by_o the_o toleration_n as_o he_o call_v it_o be_v that_o the_o penal_a part_n of_o the_o law_n be_v for_o the_o present_a lay_v aside_o continue_v charge_v of_o schism_n continue_v as_o for_o the_o preceptive_a part_n that_o stand_v where_o it_o do_v and_o oblige_v under_o sin_n though_o not_o under_o civil_a penalty_n
disagree_v and_o easy_a to_o be_v mistake_v whereas_o the_o fundamental_o be_v more_o direct_o and_o positive_o assert_v in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n admit_v of_o clear_a demonstration_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o those_o that_o think_v it_o their_o duty_n in_o all_o the_o lesser_a matter_n of_o religion_n to_o follow_v their_o leader_n and_o that_o make_v their_o command_n in_o these_o thing_n the_o standard_n of_o sin_n and_o duty_n have_v find_v out_o a_o easy_a rule_n of_o controversy_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v his_o opinion_n for_o he_o say_v if_o mr._n h._n be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o church_n history_n he_o will_v find_v that_o whole_a church_n and_o nation_n have_v their_o peculiar_a custom_n and_o ceremony_n and_o yet_o their_o member_n agree_v well_o enough_o in_o their_o opinion_n about_o they_o and_o i_o will_v venture_v to_o add_v if_o this_o gentleman_n be_v as_o well_o acquaint_v with_o church_n history_n as_o he_o pretend_v he_o know_v in_o his_o conscience_n that_o he_o impose_v upon_o his_o reader_n and_o will_v obtrude_v a_o great_a fallacy_n upon_o the_o world_n the_o first_o attempt_n for_o the_o introduce_v such_o custom_n and_o ceremony_n into_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n occasion_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o contention_n and_o discord_n in_o the_o apostle_n time_n and_o the_o imposer_n be_v severe_o check_v by_o they_o for_o their_o arrogance_n 5.1_o gal._n 5.1_o and_o all_o christian_n command_v to_o stand_v fast_o in_o the_o liberty_n wherewith_o christ_n have_v make_v they_o free_a and_o not_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v entangle_v with_o the_o yoke_n of_o bondage_n and_o so_o great_a a_o disturbance_n be_v raise_v by_o urge_v such_o ceremony_n 12._o v._o 12._o that_o the_o apostle_n wish_v they_o be_v cut_v off_o that_o trouble_a the_o church_n with_o they_o and_o after_o the_o apostle_n be_v dead_a when_o ceremony_n begin_v to_o increase_v though_o they_o be_v not_o for_o some_o time_n enjoin_v but_o the_o people_n take_v they_o up_o partly_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n partly_o upon_o the_o example_n of_o those_o they_o have_v a_o great_a veneration_n for_o yet_o they_o occasion_v great_a animosity_n and_o discord_n in_o the_o church_n of_o which_o socrates_n give_v we_o many_o instance_n lib._n 5._o c._n 21_o 22._o sozom._n l._n 7.19_o and_o when_o victor_n will_v needs_o impose_v his_o observation_n of_o easter_n such_o feud_n and_o heat_n be_v raise_v thereby_o as_o make_v they_o the_o scorn_n of_o the_o pagan_n and_o be_v great_o lament_v by_o all_o sober_a bishop_n and_o christian_n and_o both_o cyprian_a and_o irenaeus_n great_o blame_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o stretch_v the_o rigour_n of_o his_o government_n 24._o euseb_n l._n 5._o c._n 24._o not_o only_o beyond_o his_o line_n but_o also_o to_o cause_n of_o indifferency_n which_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o such_o severe_a censure_n and_o as_o ceremony_n and_o imposition_n increase_v contention_n grow_v up_o with_o they_o till_o at_o last_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o christian_a world_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o dead_a sleep_n with_o that_o poison_n pour_v into_o the_o church_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n become_v like_o issachar_n a_o strong_a ass_n submit_v to_o every_o burden_n then_o indeed_o there_o be_v almost_o a_o universal_a agreement_n about_o ceremony_n and_o a_o general_a prostitution_n of_o conscience_n to_o the_o dictate_v of_o the_o pretend_a catholic_n church_n but_o that_o be_v the_o dark_a and_o worst_a state_n wherein_o christianity_n ever_o be_v in_o the_o world_n i_o come_v now_o to_o examine_v this_o gentleman_n account_n of_o the_o corinthian_a schism_n and_o indeed_o hic_fw-la pes_fw-la figendus_fw-la this_o be_v the_o core_n of_o the_o controversy_n and_o the_o hinge_n upon_o which_o it_o turn_v if_o he_o be_v right_a in_o this_o he_o have_v break_v mr._n h_n measure_n and_o put_v he_o upon_o a_o new_a enquiry_n mr._n h._n suppose_v that_o these_o corinthian_n who_o be_v reprove_v for_o their_o schismatical_a contention_n be_v agree_v in_o the_o fundamental_a article_n of_o faith_n and_o great_a truth_n of_o the_o gospel_n but_o engage_v in_o foolish_a and_o uncharitable_a contest_v about_o the_o apostle_n some_o commend_a paul_n and_o prefer_v he_o before_o the_o rest_n other_o cry_v up_o cephas_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n apollo_n thus_o have_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n with_o respect_n of_o person_n this_o gentleman_n have_v learn_v from_o dr._n hammend_v to_o say_v that_o the_o person_n reprove_v for_o these_o contention_n be_v the_o gnostick_n heretic_n 21._o review_n p._n 20_o 21._o that_o deny_v the_o resurrection_n of_o the_o dead_a and_o live_v in_o incest_n and_o dissuade_v the_o people_n from_o marriage_n and_o sacrifice_v to_o idol_n that_o they_o may_v escape_v persecution_n some_o of_o they_o pretend_v they_o have_v their_o heretical_a doctrine_n from_o st._n paul_n 22._o p._n 22._o other_o father_v they_o upon_o apollo_n other_o upon_o cephas_n and_o another_o sort_n pretend_v they_o have_v see_v christ_n himself_o and_o receive_v those_o doctrine_n from_o his_o mouth_n and_o he_o affirm_v they_o be_v heretical_a gnostic_n only_o and_o not_o the_o orthodox_n 24._o p._n 24._o who_o be_v reprehend_v by_o the_o apostle_n for_o say_v i_o be_o of_o paul_n and_o i_o of_o apollo_n and_o conclude_v that_o the_o schism_n of_o the_o corinthian_n lie_v in_o oppose_v the_o sound_a orthodox_n doctor_n and_o maintain_v their_o own_o wild_a heresy_n under_o the_o umbrage_n of_o these_o great_a name_n be_v it_o not_o for_o these_o gnostick_n heretic_n i_o know_v not_o what_o some_o man_n can_v do_v to_o misunderstand_v plain_a scripture_n if_o we_o meet_v with_o any_o smart_a reproof_n in_o the_o apostolical_a epistle_n still_o they_o must_v be_v level_v at_o the_o gnostick_n heretic_n if_o any_o be_v guilty_a of_o fornication_n it_o be_v the_o gnostic_n if_o any_o of_o temporize_v or_o of_o schism_n they_o be_v gnostic_n as_o if_o all_o beside_o they_o have_v be_v pure_a and_o innocent_a this_o be_v too_o great_a partiality_n and_o savour_n much_o of_o the_o pharisaical_a humour_n of_o some_o modern_a man_n that_o be_v for_o cast_v the_o odium_n of_o every_o ill_a thing_n upon_o those_o they_o be_v please_v to_o call_v schismatic_n that_o under_o this_o blind_a all_o the_o son_n of_o the_o church_n may_v come_v off_o clear_a and_o be_v think_v in_o every_o thing_n blameless_a and_o inoffensive_a now_o although_o i_o make_v no_o question_n but_o there_o be_v such_o heretic_n in_o those_o day_n and_o that_o they_o be_v as_o bad_a as_o he_o describe_v they_o that_o some_o of_o they_o live_v among_o the_o corinthian_n and_o that_o the_o apostle_n sometime_o speak_v concern_v they_o though_o i_o seldom_o find_v that_o he_o speak_v direct_o to_o they_o yet_o that_o these_o be_v the_o person_n here_o reprove_v for_o schism_n much_o less_o the_o only_a person_n i_o can_v never_o believe_v for_o these_o reason_n 1._o 1._o 1_o cor._n 1._o the_o character_n which_o the_o apostle_n give_v of_o these_o contentious_a corinthian_n in_o the_o context_n will_n by_o no_o mean_n fit_v the_o gnostick_n heretic_n for_o we_o find_v he_o call_v they_o the_o church_n of_o god_n saint_n and_o in_o the_o 9th_o verse_n person_n that_o be_v call_v into_o the_o fellowship_n of_o christ_n jesus_n our_o lord_n and_o in_o the_o very_a same_o verse_n wherein_o he_o admonish_v they_o of_o their_o schismatical_a contention_n he_o call_v they_o brethren_n v._o 10._o now_o i_o beseech_v you_o brethren_n by_o the_o name_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n that_o you_o all_o speak_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o division_n among_o you_o for_o it_o have_v be_v declare_v unto_o i_o of_o you_o my_o brethren_n that_o there_o be_v contention_n among_o you_o now_o this_o i_o say_v that_o every_o one_o of_o you_o say_v i_o be_o of_o paul_n etc._n etc._n can_v any_o man_n imagine_v these_o such_o gross_a and_o damn_a heretic_n as_o the_o gnostic_n have_v be_v always_o describe_v can_v we_o believe_v the_o same_o apostle_n that_o be_v so_o sharp_a upon_o those_o that_o urge_v the_o jewish_a ceremony_n as_o to_o call_v they_o dog_n and_o evil_a worker_n and_o bid_v the_o christian_n beware_v of_o they_o will_v be_v so_o tender_a and_o kind_a so_o affectionate_a and_o endear_n to_o the_o vile_a corrupter_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n as_o to_o call_v they_o saint_n and_o brethren_n and_o all_o the_o good_a name_n imaginable_a i_o be_o sure_a the_o church_n of_o england_n seldom_o speak_v to_o protestant_a dissenter_n in_o such_o oblige_a language_n and_o yet_o i_o hope_v we_o be_v not_o altogether_o so_o bad_a as_o the_o gnostick_n heretic_n 2._o if_o the_o fault_n here_o reprove_v have_v be_v heresy_n and_o such_o as_o this_o gentleman_n speak_v of_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o the_o apostle_n
make_v the_o diocese_n of_o ephesus_n and_o crect_n to_o take_v in_o one_o another_o and_o the_o whole_a christian_a world_n too_o the_o vindicator_n tell_v t._n w._n that_o it_o will_v not_o agree_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o proper_a succession_n that_o two_o bishop_n shall_v succeed_v one_o apostle_n in_o his_o apostolical_a power_n this_o gent._n undertake_v to_o prove_v it_o may_v but_o by_o such_o kind_n of_o instance_n as_o signify_v nothing_o but_o his_o own_o inadvertency_n viz._n when_o two_o person_n be_v heir_n to_o one_o in_o the_o same_o estate_n the_o law_n call_v they_o successores_fw-la partiarii_fw-la but_o this_o will_v not_o do_v a_o estate_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o a_o thousand_o part_n and_o each_o of_o they_o have_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o estate_n still_o but_o the_o apostolical_a power_n be_v universal_a the_o same_o in_o all_o place_n and_o division_n here_o will_v make_v it_o another_o thing_n according_a to_o the_o account_n that_o mr._n bradford_n dr._n barrow_n and_o the_o best_a protestant_a writer_n give_v of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o office_n of_o apostle_n and_o bishop_n paul_n as_o a_o apostle_n have_v the_o same_o power_n at_o ephesus_n as_o at_o crete_n and_o if_o timothy_n have_v succeed_v in_o the_o apostolical_a power_n he_o must_v have_v have_v so_o too_o his_o argument_n from_o the_o division_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v as_o defective_a as_o the_o former_a empire_n how_o great_a soever_o be_v limit_v within_o certain_a bound_n and_o may_v be_v divide_v it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o imperial_a power_n to_o be_v over_o all_o the_o world_n as_o it_o be_v of_o the_o apostolical_a it_o be_v a_o vain_a thing_n to_o talk_v of_o any_o province_n to_o which_o the_o apostolical_a power_n be_v limit_v they_o have_v equal_a power_n in_o all_o province_n and_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o must_v those_o have_v too_o that_o succeed_v they_o in_o the_o apostleship_n the_o vindicator_n also_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o timothy_n and_o titus_n can_v succeed_v paul_n in_o his_o apostleship_n whilst_o he_o be_v alive_a and_o in_o plenitude_n of_o power_n this_o gent._n dare_v not_o undertake_v to_o unfold_v the_o riddle_n but_o so_o it_o be_v choose_v what_o the_o consequence_n may_v be_v for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v evident_a the_o apostle_n give_v they_o a_o plenitude_n of_o power_n within_o their_o respective_a charge_n choose_v how_o much_o or_o how_o little_a he_o reserve_v to_o himself_o but_o pray_v sir_n think_v better_o of_o it_o a_o plenitude_n of_o power_n confine_v to_o a_o particular_a charge_n and_o province_n be_v not_o the_o plenitude_n of_o apostolical_a power_n and_o if_o he_o reserve_v any_o power_n to_o himself_o within_o those_o respective_a charge_n they_o have_v not_o the_o plenitude_n of_o power_n there_o but_o be_v under_o his_o apostolical_a jurisdiction_n still_o and_o therefore_o do_v not_o succeed_v he_o in_o it_o and_o if_o the_o apostle_n reserve_v to_o himself_o no_o power_n over_o the_o church_n of_o ephesus_n and_o crete_n he_o divest_v himself_o of_o his_o apostleship_n for_o he_o that_o have_v not_o apostolical_a power_n every_o where_o have_v it_o not_o where_o but_o the_o generous_a surveyor_n be_v willing_a to_o compromise_n the_o matter_n betwixt_o they_o t._n w._n must_v call_v the_o bishop_n coadjutor_n only_o whilst_o the_o apostle_n be_v live_v and_o the_o vindicator_n must_v give_v they_o the_o title_n of_o successor_n after_o their_o death_n and_o if_o by_o successor_n he_o mean_v those_o that_o after_o they_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o great_a work_n of_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o gospel_n we_o grant_v all_o true_a bishop_n be_v their_o successor_n but_o then_o we_o must_v put_v he_o in_o mind_n that_o the_o bishop_n we_o read_v of_o in_o scripture_n be_v as_o much_o bishop_n before_o the_o apostle_n death_n as_o after_o and_o therefore_o their_o episcopal_a power_n do_v not_o come_v to_o they_o by_o succession_n nor_o do_v there_o at_o the_o apostle_n death_n any_o new_a accession_n of_o power_n devolve_v upon_o they_o it_o be_v therefore_o the_o most_o needless_a thing_n in_o the_o world_n to_o give_v the_o primitive_a father_n any_o trouble_n in_o this_o matter_n 42._o review_n p._n 42._o what_o if_o they_o call_v bishop_n and_o presbyter_n the_o apostle_n successor_n so_o do_v we_o too_o but_o do_v they_o say_v that_o they_o succeed_v they_o in_o the_o apostolical_a power_n or_o that_o the_o apostleship_n be_v devolve_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v that_o t._n w._n after_o his_o weak_a manner_n struggle_v to_o prove_v and_o indeed_o no_o less_o will_v serve_v his_o turn_n this_o gentleman_n be_v not_o so_o thoughtful_a as_o he_o shall_v be_v when_o he_o say_v we_o make_v it_o such_o a_o mighty_a mystery_n for_o a_o bishop_n to_o constitute_v his_o successor_n if_o by_o constitute_v he_o mean_v name_v or_o appoint_v who_o shall_v be_v his_o successor_n it_o be_v not_o impossible_a suppose_v that_o god_n preserve_v his_o life_n and_o the_o church_n consent_v to_o that_o appointment_n though_o it_o be_v very_o inconvenient_a and_o therefore_o forbid_v by_o ancient_a council_n but_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o one_o bishop_n to_o devolve_v his_o whole_a episcopal_a power_n upon_o another_o and_o yet_o to_o keep_v it_o himself_o in_o as_o great_a amplitude_n as_o ever_o etc._n decret_n par_fw-fr 2._o cause_n 7._o quaest_n 1._o c._n 5._o vivente_fw-la episcopo_fw-la can._n 41._o in_o unâ_fw-la ecclefiâ_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o decretal_a and_o canon_n law_n will_v tell_v he_o a_o successor_n come_v not_o in_o place_n till_o the_o predecessor_n be_v go_v that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o bishop_n live_v no_o man_n can_v succeed_v he_o that_o there_o can_v be_v two_o bishop_n in_o one_o place_n this_o be_v most_o certain_o true_a in_o the_o sense_n wherein_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o bishop_n and_o sufficient_a to_o our_o present_a purpose_n that_o which_o follow_v about_o the_o certainty_n of_o linus_n his_o succeed_a peter_n of_o a_o uninterrupted_a succession_n of_o the_o concession_n of_o papist_n etc._n vid._n review_n p._n 44._o irenaeus_n l._n 2._o c._n 39_o sub_fw-la finem_fw-la aetatem_fw-la seniorem_fw-la quadragessimi_fw-la aut_fw-la quinquagessimi_fw-la anni_fw-la habens_fw-la dom._n noster_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v already_o be_v large_o discuss_v in_o these_o paper_n it_o be_v possible_a irenaeus_n may_v name_v all_o the_o roman_a bishop_n and_o yet_o be_v mistake_v in_o their_o order_n of_o succession_n and_o it_o be_v certain_a all_o be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v for_o gospel_n that_o irenaeus_n report_v even_o in_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o he_o tell_v we_o our_o saviour_n live_v to_o the_o age_n of_o above_o forty_o or_o fifty_o year_n and_o say_v he_o have_v this_o from_o all_o the_o elder_n of_o asia_n who_o receive_v it_o from_o st._n john_n himself_n how_o well_o be_v it_o that_o we_o have_v a_o more_o sure_a word_n of_o prophecy_n and_o history_n too_o than_o the_o testimony_n of_o irenaeus_n as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o this_o father_n birth_n and_o death_n account_n be_v so_o various_a and_o the_o probability_n on_o each_o hand_n so_o fair_a that_o no_o modest_a man_n will_v be_v positive_a in_o it_o but_o mr._n dodwel_n have_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o fix_v it_o and_o his_o disciple_n make_v no_o question_n but_o he_o have_v do_v it_o infallible_o the_o vindicator_n have_v some_o reason_n to_o put_v that_o question_n concern_v the_o apostolical_a succession_n in_o the_o patriarchal_a church_n which_o this_o gentleman_n quarrel_n with_o because_o he_o observe_v t._n w._n make_v linus_n succeed_v peter_n in_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n simeon_n james_n in_o the_o chair_n of_o jerusalem_n ananias_n i_o suppose_v it_o shall_v be_v ananias_n the_o cobbler_n of_o who_o before_o st._n mark_v in_o the_o church_n of_o alexandria_n and_o the_o account_n run_v upon_o this_o supposition_n that_o the_o apostle_n divide_v the_o world_n into_o several_a province_n and_o each_o of_o they_o be_v bishop_n of_o his_o proper_a district_n and_o those_o be_v call_v the_o apostle_n successor_n that_o come_v into_o their_o several_a see_v after_o their_o death_n and_o these_o be_v but_o such_o a_o number_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o the_o succession_n must_v be_v only_o propagate_v in_o these_o patriarchate_n this_o the_o vindicator_n mention_v as_o what_o will_v be_v the_o consequence_n of_o t._n w._n his_o scheme_n of_o succession_n which_o he_o only_o erect_v in_o those_o church_n where_o he_o have_v a_o apostle_n at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o roll_n he_o never_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o t._n w._n or_o any_o other_o that_o none_o but_o the_o patriarch_n be_v the_o apostle_n successor_n but_o intimate_v that_o such_o a_o succession_n as_o t._n w._n describe_v will_v only_o be_v find_v in_o those_o
where_o we_o live_v in_o its_o holy_a devotion_n and_o so_o do_v dissenter_n join_v with_o the_o church_n where_o they_o live_v which_o be_v as_o true_a church_n and_o their_o devotion_n as_o holy_a as_o if_o they_o be_v more_o large_a and_o splendid_a for_o any_o thing_n that_o yet_o appear_v to_o the_o contrary_n in_o the_o 60th_o page_n he_o acknowledge_v that_o to_o have_v the_o government_n of_o many_o congregation_n be_v not_o essential_a to_o a_o bishop_n nor_o to_o have_v presbyter_n under_o he_o for_o milles_n the_o martyr_n have_v no_o christian_a in_o his_o diocese_n but_o it_o be_v ordination_n that_o make_v a_o bishop_n if_o therefore_o our_o minister_n have_v all_o the_o ordination_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o a_o bishop_n by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n they_o be_v bishop_n though_o they_o be_v but_o pastor_n of_o single_a congregation_n and_o now_o if_o this_o gentleman_n can_v prove_v by_o plain_a scripture_n that_o a_o bishop_n must_v have_v a_o distinct_a ordination_n from_o that_o of_o a_o presbyter_n sacerdos_fw-la ambrose_n in_o 1_o tim_n 3._o episcopi_fw-la &_o presbyteri_fw-la una_fw-la ordinatio_fw-la est_fw-la uterque_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la sacerdos_fw-la to_o advance_v he_o into_o a_o superior_a office_n he_o have_v lose_v the_o cause_n and_o here_o we_o hold_v it_o and_o expect_v plain_a and_o direct_a evidence_n to_o this_o very_a point_n when_o ever_o the_o review_v humour_n return_v upon_o he_o and_o if_o the_o pastor_n of_o single_a congregation_n have_v all_o that_o be_v essential_a to_o bishop_n than_o our_o diocesan_n be_v a_o new_a species_n of_o bishop_n which_o st._n cyprian_n disow_v in_o his_o prefatory_a speech_n to_o the_o council_n of_o carthage_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v liable_a to_o very_o just_a prejudices_fw-la for_o when_o bishop_n have_v take_v away_o from_o the_o pastor_n of_o particular_a church_n these_o right_n and_o power_n which_o god_n have_v give_v they_o and_o engross_v all_o to_o themselves_o and_o their_o diocese_n be_v become_v too_o large_a for_o their_o personal_a inspection_n and_o administration_n they_o be_v force_v to_o set_v up_o officer_n of_o humane_a institution_n to_o exercise_v those_o power_n under_o they_o which_o they_o have_v ravish_v from_o gospel_n minister_n that_o by_o numerous_a dependency_n and_o large_a revenue_n they_o may_v gain_v that_o pre-eminence_n which_o some_o man_n begin_v betimes_o to_o contend_v for_o see_v mr._n baxters_n treatise_n of_o episcopacy_n never_o yet_o answer_v there_o be_v nothing_o more_o plain_o show_v these_o man_n contempt_n of_o antiquity_n when_o it_o speak_v not_o on_o their_o side_n than_o deny_v the_o people_n power_n of_o election_n 197._o rational_a defence_n p._n 3._o sect._n 6._o p._n 197._o which_o be_v confirm_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o canon_n of_o divers_a council_n and_o ample_a testimony_n of_o the_o father_n as_o dr._n rule_n have_v prove_v and_o though_o we_o will_v not_o say_v such_o consent_n be_v essential_a to_o the_o ministerial_a power_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_o necessary_a to_o the_o pastoral_n relation_n for_o the_o bishop_n and_o minister_n can_v have_v no_o certain_a cure_n in_o such_o place_n where_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n do_v not_o interpose_v but_o by_o the_o people_n consent_n this_o gentleman_n tell_v we_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o minister_n and_o people_n of_o the_o diocese_n be_v not_o necessary_a but_o it_o be_v leave_v whole_o to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o church_n and_o i_o wonder_v what_o that_o church_n be_v to_o who_o discretion_n this_o be_v refer_v when_o the_o minister_n and_o people_n be_v leave_v out_o will_v he_o say_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o other_o diocese_n to_o impose_v a_o bishop_n upon_o any_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o minister_n and_o people_n and_o must_v we_o by_o the_o church_n understand_v the_o bishop_n alone_o without_o minister_n and_o people_n as_o if_o they_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v in_o those_o matter_n that_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o church_n discretion_n this_o let_v we_o see_v what_o these_o man_n drive_v at_o and_o how_o glad_o they_o will_v enslave_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o the_o humour_n of_o a_o few_o and_o those_o not_o always_o the_o wise_a or_o best_a of_o men._n that_o the_o nomination_n of_o our_o english_a bishop_n be_v vest_v in_o the_o king_n be_v very_o please_v to_o dissenter_n especial_o under_o the_o government_n of_o one_o so_o wise_a and_o good_a as_o we_o be_v but_o than_o we_o must_v say_v the_o power_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o king_n and_o law_n be_v not_o proper_o spiritual_a power_n and_o we_o be_v willing_a to_o own_v they_o as_o have_v humane_a authority_n over_o we_o circa_fw-la sacra_fw-la by_o the_o appointment_n of_o our_o governor_n as_o far_o as_o by_o law_n we_o be_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o certain_o many_o of_o they_o be_v too_o wise_a to_o pretend_v to_o any_o more_o since_o our_o law_n express_o condemn_v such_o pretension_n as_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v by_o the_o very_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n in_o that_o case_n the_o gentleman_n tell_v we_o the_o vindicator_n show_v his_o ability_n in_o mention_v ignatius_n who_o advise_v the_o bishop_n to_o hold_v frequent_a assembly_n and_o to_o inquire_v after_o all_o by_o their_o name_n not_o despise_v the_o man_n servant_n or_o maid_n servant_n and_o he_o will_v fain_o show_v his_o ability_n in_o enervate_v so_o plain_a evidence_n and_o will_v impose_v upon_o we_o a_o great_a many_o negative_n and_o peradventure_o which_o we_o must_v help_v he_o to_o prove_v we_o must_v prove_v that_o those_o assembly_n meet_v only_o in_o one_o place_n that_o they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o ordinary_a congregation_n that_o the_o bishop_n have_v no_o body_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o his_o charge_n that_o no_o man_n else_o acquaint_v he_o with_o the_o frailty_n and_o misdemeanour_n of_o particular_a these_o and_o a_o great_a many_o more_o such_o negative_n we_o must_v prove_v which_o we_o be_v no_o way_n oblige_v to_o do_v we_o insist_v upon_o the_o plain_a word_n of_o ignatius_n and_o he_o must_v prove_v his_o peradventure_o himself_o or_o we_o shall_v take_v no_o notice_n of_o they_o the_o author_n of_o the_o enquiry_n into_o the_o constitution_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n offer_v to_o prove_v that_o these_o diocese_n be_v no_o large_a in_o the_o number_n of_o church_n member_n than_o our_o present_a parish_n but_o whether_o that_o be_v so_o or_o no_o i_o will_v not_o be_v positive_a for_o it_o be_v manifest_a enough_o the_o first_o step_n towards_o prelacy_n be_v commit_v the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n to_o one_o which_o before_o be_v manage_v by_o several_a in_o common_a the_o next_o be_v to_o make_v that_o church_n as_o large_a and_o great_a as_o can_v be_v by_o keep_v new_o form_v congregation_n under_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o we_o have_v early_a instance_n of_o such_o encroachment_n these_o man_n take_v the_o liberty_n of_o make_v word_n signify_v any_o thing_n that_o serve_v their_o present_a purpose_n if_o ireneus_fw-la say_v the_o presbyter_n be_v the_o successor_n of_o the_o apostle_n there_o presbyter_n must_v signify_v bishop_n for_o fear_v of_o spoil_v the_o plea_n of_o succession_n 66._o review_n p._n 65_o 66._o if_o tertullian_n say_v they_o never_o receive_v the_o eucharist_n from_o any_o but_o the_o precedent_n there_o precedent_n must_v not_o signify_v the_o bishop_n but_o the_o presbyter_n for_o it_o seem_v in_o a_o bench_n of_o presbyter_n they_o be_v all_o precedent_n though_o there_o be_v a_o bishop_n in_o cathedra_fw-la among_o they_o such_o man_n will_v never_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n for_o something_o to_o say_v though_o the_o vindicator_n trust_v perhaps_o to_o his_o memory_n mention_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o eucharist_n instead_o of_o baptism_n yet_o it_o amount_v to_o the_o same_o thing_n for_o if_o the_o bishop_n be_v to_o take_v the_o confession_n of_o all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v baptize_v his_o diocese_n can_v not_o be_v of_o the_o same_o model_n with_o we_o which_o such_o a_o thing_n will_v be_v altogether_o impracticable_a this_o gentleman_n wonder_v the_o vindicator_n shall_v be_v so_o nice_a in_o the_o notion_n of_o succession_n p._n 19_o and_o afterward_o so_o loose_a as_o to_o make_v it_o no_o more_o but_o conformity_n to_o the_o apostle_n model_n in_o government_n and_o worship_n but_o the_o wonder_n will_v cease_v when_o he_o consider_v that_o in_o the_o former_a place_n he_o take_v succession_n in_o the_o sense_n t._n w._n use_v it_o as_o that_o which_o give_v the_o bishop_n their_o title_n to_o apostolical_a power_n and_o here_o he_o take_v it_o in_o the_o true_a sense_n wherein_o the_o father_n use_v it_o who_o word_n will_v never_o prove_v that_o the_o apostle_n leave_v they_o their_o apostolical_a power_n but_o only_o that_o ordinary_a pastoral_n
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bishop_n ʋsher_n render_v it_o ordinem_fw-la those_o that_o translate_v it_o a_o list_n will_v have_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o let_v they_o contend_v about_o word_n as_o long_o as_o they_o please_v the_o true_a import_n of_o the_o place_n be_v plain_a enough_o to_o those_o that_o consider_v it_o with_o the_o forego_n paragraph_n 100_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n p._n 100_o for_o there_o we_o find_v the_o jewish_a contest_v about_o the_o priesthood_n and_o those_o of_o the_o christian_n about_o the_o episcopacy_n be_v compare_v together_o the_o case_n may_v be_v thus_o contract_v moses_n know_v that_o the_o tribe_n will_v contend_v about_o the_o glorious_a title_n of_o the_o priesthood_n order_v they_o to_o bring_v their_o rod_n each_o inscribe_v with_o the_o name_n of_o its_o tribe_n and_o he_o lay_v they_o up_o in_o the_o tabernacle_n tell_v they_o that_o the_o tribe_n who_o rod_n shall_v blossom_v god_n have_v approve_v and_o choose_v for_o the_o priesthood_n even_o so_o the_o apostle_n etc._n etc._n that_o be_v as_o the_o sacerdotal_a tribe_n be_v choose_v and_o approve_v of_o god_n so_o none_o must_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o office_n of_o episcopacy_n but_o man_n well_o approve_v this_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o true_a sense_n of_o the_o place_n and_o the_o only_a one_o that_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o and_o what_o be_v here_o to_o prove_v that_o bishop_n be_v a_o distinct_a order_n from_o presbyter_n not_o one_o word_n but_o rather_o to_o the_o contrary_a for_o here_o it_o be_v say_v the_o apostle_n constitute_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 98._o p._n 98._o the_o aforesaid_a go_v a_o few_o line_n backward_o and_o you_o have_v the_o word_n again_o and_o there_o you_o will_v find_v it_o refer_v to_o bishop_n and_o deacon_n which_o the_o apostle_n ordain_v for_o those_o that_o shall_v believe_v now_o if_o they_o only_o appoint_v these_o two_o sort_n of_o officer_n what_o be_v become_v of_o subordinate_a presbyter_n the_o apostle_n we_o see_v appoint_v none_o such_o the_o distinction_n betwixt_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n according_a to_o clemens_n be_v not_o by_o divine_a or_o apostolical_a institution_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o this_o very_a paragraph_n he_o make_v they_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n it_o will_v be_v no_o small_a sin_n in_o we_o to_o reject_v those_o that_o have_v discharge_v the_o duty_n of_o their_o episcopal_a function_n in_o a_o holy_a and_o unblameable_a manner_n happy_a be_v those_o presbyter_n who_o have_v finish_v their_o course_n they_o fear_v not_o be_v turn_v out_o of_o their_o present_a settlement_n it_o be_v strange_a these_o gentleman_n shall_v threaten_v we_o with_o clement_n who_o as_o he_o write_v next_o to_o the_o apostle_n so_o he_o be_v next_o to_o they_o most_o friendly_a to_o our_o cause_n and_o this_o be_v so_o evident_a to_o the_o learned_a grotius_n that_o he_o give_v it_o as_o a_o reason_n why_o he_o think_v this_o epistle_n to_o be_v genuine_a quod_fw-la nusquam_fw-la meminit_fw-la exortis_fw-la bignon_n epist_n 182._o ad_fw-la bignon_n etc._n etc._n because_o he_o not_o where_o mention_n that_o extravagant_a authority_n of_o bishop_n which_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n begin_v to_o be_v introduce_v at_o alexandria_n but_o plain_o show_v as_o the_o apostle_n do_v that_o church_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o presbyter_n who_o be_v also_o bishop_n his_o next_o author_n be_v ignatius_n and_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v he_o put_v a_o distinction_n betwixt_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n and_o bid_v they_o all_o be_v observant_a of_o the_o bishop_n and_o do_v nothing_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n but_o still_o here_o be_v not_o a_o word_n to_o prove_v a_o superiority_n of_o office_n by_o divine_a right_n we_o grant_v that_o in_o his_o time_n the_o name_n of_o bishop_n begin_v to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o senior_a presbyter_n who_o be_v as_o pastor_n and_o the_o rest_n his_o curate_n or_o assistant_n but_o this_o will_v make_v little_a for_o the_o diocesan_n prelate_n that_o ignatius_n bishop_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o pastor_n of_o a_o particular_a church_n his_o own_o word_n abundant_o manifest_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d philad_n ep._n ad_fw-la philad_n there_o be_v to_o every_o church_n one_o altar_n and_o one_o bishop_n with_o the_o presbytery_n and_o the_o deacon_n my_o fellow-servant_n here_o we_o have_v the_o principle_n of_o individuation_n in_o church_n not_o that_o all_o the_o member_n of_o the_o church_n must_v be_v no_o more_o than_o can_v always_o meet_v together_o in_o one_o place_n there_o be_v many_o thing_n that_o may_v make_v that_o difficult_a but_o they_o must_v all_o have_v one_o altar_n that_o be_v one_o communion-table_n many_o trick_n and_o salvo_n have_v be_v invent_v to_o evade_v this_o instance_n some_o say_v by_o one_o table_n be_v mean_v specifical_o one_o but_o so_o be_v all_o in_o the_o world_n other_o one_o supreme_a altar_n to_o which_o the_o rest_n be_v subordinate_a but_o why_o then_o may_v we_o not_o say_v by_o one_o bishop_n be_v mean_v one_o supreme_a prelate_n with_o other_o bishop_n under_o he_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n assignable_a why_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d shall_v be_v take_v numerical_o and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d otherwise_o that_o by_o one_o altar_n be_v mean_v one_o consistory_n as_o dr._n morrice_n will_v suggest_v be_v very_o improbable_a when_o in_o the_o same_o sentence_n we_o read_v of_o one_o bishop_n with_o his_o presbytery_n which_o sure_o must_v signify_v the_o consistory_n if_o any_o thing_n that_o sentence_n do_v and_o be_v much_o more_o likely_a to_o do_v so_o than_o one_o altar_n this_o be_v so_o apparent_a that_o mr._n mede_n confess_v 29._o proof_n of_o church_n in_o the_o second_o cent._n p._n 29._o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o in_o those_o first_o time_n before_o diocesan_n be_v divide_v into_o lesser_a and_o subordinate_a church_n we_o now_o call_v parish_n and_o presbyter_n assign_v to_o they_o they_o have_v not_o only_o one_o altar_n in_o one_o church_n or_o dominicum_fw-la but_o one_o altar_n to_o a_o church_n take_v a_o church_n for_o the_o company_n or_o corporation_n of_o the_o faithful_a unite_v under_o one_o bishop_n and_o that_o be_v in_o the_o city_n and_o place_n where_o the_o bishop_n have_v his_o residence_n dr._n morris_n will_v disable_v this_o evidence_n because_o mr._n mede_n express_v it_o with_o caution_n and_o modesty_n it_o shall_v seem_v but_o such_o modesty_n make_v it_o more_o valuable_a be_v the_o humour_n and_o way_n of_o that_o learned_a man_n he_o have_v make_v as_o strict_a researche_n into_o these_o thing_n as_o he_o can_v and_o upon_o the_o whole_a it_o seem_v thus_o to_o he_o but_o if_o there_o be_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a caution_n observe_v in_o the_o word_n some_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v it_o be_v not_o for_o want_v of_o evidence_n that_o the_o case_n be_v real_o so_o but_o rather_o because_o he_o know_v the_o notion_n will_v not_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o the_o governor_n of_o that_o church_n of_o which_o he_o be_v a_o excellent_a member_n the_o author_n of_o a_o late_a treatise_n call_v a_o defence_n of_o plurality_n suppose_v to_o be_v mr._n wharton_n notwithstanding_o the_o height_n of_o his_o zeal_n for_o the_o hierarchy_n which_o appear_v sufficient_o throughout_o the_o book_n yet_o ingenuous_o acknowledge_v that_o at_o the_o beginning_n 59_o page_n 59_o the_o bishop_n and_o his_o presbyter_n live_v altogether_o in_o one_o common_a place_n and_o be_v maintain_v by_o the_o free_a oblation_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o cathedral_n and_o deposit_v upon_o the_o altar_n or_o communion_n table_n when_o the_o number_n of_o christian_n increase_v they_o begin_v to_o build_v more_o church_n than_o one_o in_o a_o city_n these_o new_a church_n be_v but_o as_o chapel_n of_o ease_n annex_v to_o and_o depend_v upon_o the_o cathedral_n church_n where_o the_o holy_a eucharist_n be_v consecrate_a this_o may_v suffice_v to_o show_v what_o kind_n of_o diocese_n ignatius_n bishop_n have_v and_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o one_o altar_n 2._o enquiry_n into_o the_o constitut_n discip_n unity_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n chap._n 2._o and_o a_o late_a author_n have_v say_v a_o great_a deal_n to_o prove_v out_o of_o ignatius_n himself_o that_o the_o several_a bishopric_n of_o smyrna_n ephesus_n magnesia_n philadelphia_n and_o trallium_n be_v but_o so_o many_o single_a congregation_n govern_v by_o a_o bishop_n as_o pastor_n and_o his_o presbyter_n as_o assistant_n and_o this_o he_o make_v the_o true_a distinction_n betwixt_o bishop_n and_o presbyter_n in_o those_o time_n but_o whether_o that_o be_v so_o or_o no_o be_v not_o so_o material_a as_o that_o our_o