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cause_n	bishop_n	church_n	time_n	3,239	5	3.7702	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A88705	Speculum patrum: A looking-glasse of the Fathers wherein, you may see each of them drawn, characterized, and displayed in their colours. To which are added, the characters of some of the chief philosophers, historians, grammarians, orators, and poets. By Edward Larkin, late Fellow of Kings Colledge in Cambridge, and now minister of the Word at Limesfield in Surrey.	Larkin, Edward, 1623-1688.	1659 (1659)	Wing L444A; ESTC R230373	42,396	106

ungodly Marcion Valentinus the Gentile wicked Hermogenes and Praxeas he lived till he was very aged So admired saith Ierome he was of Cyprian that not a day passed without his reading some portion of his works it being his usual speech Da mihi Magistrum give me my Master The learned have afforded him many excellent Eulogies Omni literarum genere peritus saith Lactantius skill'd in every kind of learning Yertullianus mihi certe ter Tullius Rosa est saith another and t is Lypsius his commendation Quis post Tertullianum inter sacros scriptores doctior who amongst the sacred writers was after Tertullian more learned And as another of the Criticks speaks eruditissimus quantum patitur aetas illa patria Affrica eloquentissimus most learned and as much as that age and his countrey Affrick doth permit most eloquent Yet this man was carryed away with strange errors whence Ierome could say in Tertulliano laudamus ingenium sed damnamus Haeresin we commend Tertullians wit but we condemn his heresie He attributed a body to God he condemned second marriage he asserted that the sonne had a beginning tempus fuit cum filius non fuit are his own words in his book against Hermogenes not far from the beginning which is the very phrase of Speech used by the heretick Arius After baptisme he allowed but onely one repentance he gave too much to the power of mans will he asscribed remission of sins to humane satisfactions and lastly he was a Chiliast no wonder then if his authority be so little set by of many Bellarmine rejects his testimony and undervalues his authority in many of his writings in one place this he sayes of him Tertullianus haeresiarcha fuit Tertullian was a principal or Arch-heretick in another this Eusebii Tertulliani parva autoritas Eusebius and Tertullians authority is but small and besides Bellarmine Lirinensis stiles him universalis ac vetustae fidei parum tenacem ac disertiorem nullo quam fideliorem one that hath little hold of the universal and ancient faith and much more eloquent then faithful and Austin saith that he was the head of a new sect which were called Tertullianists some tell us that he was desirous of Martyrdome but of what kind of death he dyed no author doth certainly report it Gregorius Thaumaturgus GRegorius Thaumaturgus this man had another name Eusebius calls him Theodorus brother to Athenodorus he was drawn from the study of the Greek and Roman discipline and from the love of Philosophy to the study of the holy Scripture that true divine Philosophy indeed by the ministry of Origen of whom he was a zealous auditor whilst he with many others flockt to him preaching at Caesarea Eusebius tells us that he and his brother were ordained Bishops of certain Churches in Pontus he usually passes under the title of Episcopus Neocaesariensis the Bishop of Neocaesarea they say that he wrought many miracles whence he had the name of Thaumaturgus He was present at the council of Antioch against Samosatenus that Arch-heretick as Pareus calls him he was eminent in the raign of the Emperour Severus he wrote an oration in the praise of his master Origen stiled by Sixtus Senensis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Panegyrick of gratitude of which oration Pamphilus the Martyr doth as Socrates reports make mention in his books written in Origens defence It s said of this holy man that he blessed God when he was Bishop of Neocaesarea espe●ially for this mercy that when he first undertook that great charge upon him he found not above seventeen Christians and when he left them he had not in all his jurisdiction so many unbelievers Basil saith of him that he was stiled by the enemies of the truth another Moses and Ierom calls him virum apostolicorum signorum virtutum a man of apostolical signes and vertues and Barthius thus dignifies him too while he writes him virum apostolicarum virtutum he died say some when Aurelian was Emperour Sixtus Senensis makes mention of his Metaphrase which he writ on Ecclesiastes which Suidas calls very short but admirable this was first printed under his own name but afterwards it came forth under the name of Gregorie Nazianzene but Ierome expounding the fourth chapter of Ecclesiastes and making use of this Gregories paraphrase upon some passage thereof he doth ingenuously discover the right Author in these following words vir sanctus Gregorius Ponti Episcopus Originis auditor in metaphrasi Ecclesiastis ita hunc locum intellexit A holy man Gregory the Bishop of Pontus the auditor of Origen in his metaphrase of Ecclesiastes thus understood this place the workes of this Father in Greek and Latine together with what is now extant of Macarius of Egypt and Basilius of Seleucia were printed in one volume at Paris 1622. Cyprianus CYprianus Presbyter of Carthage being yet a Gentile was a master of Rhetorick which he publikely professed with great admiration and repute he also studied the Magick Art but being afterwards converted to the Christian Faith he gave that study over and applyed himself to the study of the Scriptures he was set over the Churches in Spain and in the East where to his great praise he did execute the Office of a laborious Bishop In the writings which this man hath left behind him there appear the Symptomes of a learned headpiece and yet they are not altogether p●re and free from errour for he asserted that rebaptizing of Hereticks was necessary this champion contended with the heathens and the Jews as also with Novatus and many other hereticks for which cause being grievously persecuted by his enemies he stept aside from their fury for the Churches sake whose peaceand tranquillity his presence did at that time seem to prejudice Demster calls this Praelat insignem authorem interdum floridum a famous Author and sometimes thetorical and floury but Lactantius speaks more loftily of the man in these following words Cyprianus Episcopus Martyr unus praecipuns clarus extitit qui magnam sibi gloriam ex artis oratoriae professione quaesivit admodum multa conscripsit in suo sacro genere miranda erat enim ingenio facili copioso suavi quae sermonis maxima est virtus aperto ut discernere nequeas utrumne ornatior in eloquendo an peritior in persuadendo fuerit Cyprian the Bishop and Martyr was a man very eminent and famous who acquired to himself great fame and glory by the profession of his Art of Oratory and he wrote very many things in their sacred kind admirable for he was of a facil wit copious sweet and which is the greatest vertue of speech open that you cannot discern whether he were more fluent in speaking or more skilful in perswading instit lib. 5. Sixtus Senensis in his Bibliotheca speaking of his phrase of speech and style sayes this of him Quod multa piissima opuscula elegantissimae phraseos Ciceroniano candori proximae ad aedificationem

Speculum Patrum A LOOKING-GLASSE OF THE FATHERS WHEREIN You may see each of them drawn Characterized and Displayed in their colours To which are added The Characters of some of the Chief Philosophers Historians Grammarians Orators and Poets BY EDWARD LARKIN Late Fellow of Kings Colledge in Cambridge and now Minister of the Word at Limesfield in Surrey LONDON Printed for H.E. and are to be sold by Iohn Sprat Bokseller neer the Signe of the Castle in Norwich 1659. To his most Honoured Friend Marmaduke Gresham Esq of NEWHALL at Limesfield in Surrey Most worthy Sir GReat favours do oblige to great acknowledgments You have been abundant to me in the one and I should appear vilely ingrateful should I be defective to you in the other Wherefore though it is not within the sphere of my power proportionably to requite your goodness yet it shall ever be within the circumference of my will to remember it Pertinax sit memoria debentium was excellent good advice though from the mouth of a Heathen Hence Seneca compares the Graces to youthful Maidens and the reason of that parallel he saith is this quia non debet beneficiorum memoria senescere because the Records of benefits conferred must never wax old That was a good expression of one in Euripides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I hate the thanks of such friends as wither with ●●e For this cause therefore have I presented your fair hands with this small Treatise to let the world know of your engagements on me and my readiness to make such requital as my poor capacity enables me to return Reddit beneficium qui libenter debet Sir I doubt not of your kinde acceptance of this mean Missive with us much generous indulgence as my heart offers it with cordial alacrity And what is wanting in my short and streightned compensations I shall beseech God to enlarge and make complete by his blessings It is symmachus his expression Pro beneficiis si non simus solvendo coelestibus delegamus virtutibus So that I hope I may say with Ausonius Tibi coepit Deus debere pro nobis Sir I shall not trouble you with more words onely give me leave to adde this That I am yours in a thousand bonds and must ever remain bound to reverence your Person and love your Vertues This is the Resolution of Your unfeigned faithful Servant Edward Larkin Limesfield Novemb. 29. 1658. SPECULUM PATRUM A LOOKING-GLASSE OF THE FATHERS Wherein you may see each of them characterized and displayed in their colours Of Dionysius the Areopagite THE Apostles being all withdrawn from the Church Militant and made free Denisons of the Triumphant our Saviour now reigning in heaven raised up many eminent and burning Lights whereby he spread his glorious Gospel through all the parts of the Universe Amongst which Dionysius the Areopagite is to be taken notice of as one of the first Stars which appeared He had that name given him in that before his conversion he was a Judge of criminal causes at Athens He was one of St. Paul's Auditors from whom as his Nurse he suckt the milk of Christian Religion at what time the good Apostle was at the Academy of Athens disputing with the Ethnick Philosophers as his Lord and Master had done before with the Jewish Rabbines and Doctors Eusebius and Nicephorus write of him that he was Bishop of Athens from whence he was afterward removed if we may give credit to Baronius to the Bishoprick of Paris in France This grave man being full of dayes and as full of divine Grace was crowned with the lawrel of Martyrdome not in Domitian's time as some think but in the reign of the Emperour Trajan of whom it may be said that he was a good Prince to all but his Christian Subjects whose holy profession seemed to the worlds eye therefore to be the more odious because so just a Prince as Trajan seem'd to be did not forbear to persecute it When this Dionysius was in Egypt whither he withdrew himself for the study of Philosophy and had there taken notice of that miraculous Eclipse which happened at our Saviours Passion whereof he could find no natural reason he cryed out Aut Deus Naturae patitur aut mandi machina dissolvetur Either the God of Nature suffereth or the whole frame and fabrick of the world will be instantly dissolved Nicephorus and Suidas give us a catalogue of this mans Works which Baronius labours to justifie but other learned Writers such as Laurentius Valla and Erasmus Luther Cajetan and our English Whitaker prove them by many arguments to be supposititions and counterfeit His received Works we have printed in two Tomes at Antwerpe with the Scholiasts of Maximus and the Paraphrase of Pachimaera in the year of Christ 1634. I meet with two Eulogies given to this Father the one is from Trithemius who cals him Virum eximiae sanctitatis incomparabilis doctrinae a man of transcendent sanctity and incomparable learning The other is from Sixtus Senensis who saies this of him Quod divinae in mysteriis absconditae sapientiae admiranda volumina graeco sublimi eloquio doctissime conscripsit That he wrote in sublime Greek language admirable volumes of divine and mysterious wisdome And so he gives you a Schedule of all his works as they were approved by the third Council of Constantinople Campian the Jesuite in his fifth Reason pag. 32. speaks thus of this Dionysius his Hierarchy Dionisii Areopagitae Hierarchia quas classes quae sacra quos ritus edocet And out of the same book this Jesuite proves both Purgatory and their Romish Ecclesiastical Hierarchy But that work is none of this Dionysius's though it bear his name and this you have justified by Sixtus Senensis and severall other learned Writers Ignatius THe next to Dionysius is Ignatius the second Bishop of Antioch after Peter as Eusebius and Nicephorus relate He had that name given him ab igne charitatis from the fire of charity wherewith he burned He was also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 either because he was born of God or else in regard of his bearing God in his pure and holy heart This eminent Champion was thrown to hungry Lyons in that persecution which Trajan stirred up against the Christians Scaliger gives him this commendation Vir quod in orientis partibus per-rarum est singulari eruditione A man which is very rare in the Eastern parts of singular erudition Eusebius mentioning him writes thus Ignatius amongst most men famous Neander in his Geography part 2. most highly extols him in these or such like expressions Ignatius Antiochenae Ecclesiae praefuit vir magni spiritus sidei zeli Ignatius was Bishop of Antioch a man of great spirit faith and zeal Baronius speaking of the Epistles which this man should write he stiles them Copiam Apostolicarum traditionum apothecam fortemque adversus haereticos armaturam A copious store-house of Apostolical traditions and a

year of our Lord 444. after he had sate in the Chair of Alexandria 32 years Nicephorus tells us That this Cyrillus did exercise an hostile hatred against Chrysostome for no other cause but because he did dissent in his judgement from the opinion of his Uncle Theophilus Niceph. lib. 14. cap. 27. Anastasius calls him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Seal of the Faith of the Fathers Leo the Emperour equals him to Athanasius Basil Nazianzen Nyssen and Chrysostome for eminency of exploits as their fellow Constit 88. Nicephorus in his 14 Book and 14 Chapter speaks thus of him Ad certamina natum nullam prorsus haeresin grassari passum fuisse That being born for conflicts and debates he would not suffer any heresie to spred Bellarmine affords him this Elogie Cyrillus vir fuit sanctissimus doctissimus at praesertim circa mysterium incarnationis Dominica a Deo doctus Bell. de Script Eccl. pag. 210. Cyril was a most holy and most learned man but taught of God especially about the Mystery of our Lords Incarnation Johannes Chrysostomus IOhannes Chrysostomus whom Montacutius calls Patrum disertissimum in Scripturis enarrandis Graecorum principem The most eloquent of the Fathers and in the unfolding the Scriptures of the Greeks the chief was born at Antioch of a Noble Family his Parents names were Secundus and Anthusa so Sixtus Senensis tells us He learnt Rhetorick of Libanius and Philosophy of Andragathius and Theologie of Diodorus the Bishop of Tarsus He was a great admirer of Aristophanes whose Comedies he would usually put under his Pillow whence some say he suckt his admirable eloquence He made so great progress in his Studies that he was the wonder of all that heard him After he was baptized he altogether spent his time in searching the hidden sense of the Scriptures and first he was appointed Lecturer at Antioch and last of all Bishop of Constantinople having with that many Churches of Thrace Asia and Pontus committed to his jurisdiction He used great freedom of speech as one that would neither seek the favour nor dread the power of any He was much envied and hated by the false Brethren who made it their work to load this zealous man with slanders and reproaches especially Theophilus the Alexandrian Bishop who was indeed the cause of the dissention betwixt him and Epiphanius He was likewise persecuted by the Empresse Eudoxia which prevailed with her husband for his banishment but being recall'd again by Arcadius when it was expected he should become much more sparing and less bitter in his Sermons he persisted still in his reproving of the Empress whereat her husband much incensed exiled him again to Pontus where being surprised with an head-ache and falling ill of a Feaver he concluded his life in the year of Christ 407. The Elogies of this Father are transcendent Suidas thus applauds him Lingua ejus Nili cataractis uberior nemo certa ab omni aevo tanta dicendi copia affluxit quanta solus ille abundavit solus absque fuco aureum divinum illud nomen est consecutus Numerum scriptorum ejus recensere non est hominis sed Dei potius omnia scientis His tongue more plentifull than the sluces of Nilus never did any in all ages flow with so great a stream of eloquence as he alone hath abounded and he onely hath without falshood obtained that golden and divine Name To reckon up all his writings it is not in the reach of man but rather of God who knoweth all things Caussinus styles him Theatrum quoddam divinae eloquentiae in quo Deus abunde videri voluit quid possit vitae sanctitas cum vi dicendi conjuncta A certain Theatre of divine eloquence in whom God would abundantly manifest what sanctity of life was able to effect being joyned with the fo●…e of clocution Another allows him this Epithet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Golden-word Chrysostome Theoderet in Photius his Bibliotheca thus elevates this man O egregium post mortem ducem O Tristem etiam hostibus post sepulturam militem O Lyram omni harmonia praeditam morte jam solutam O Theatrum tanto Tibicine or batum c. O egregious Captain after death O Souldier sorrowful to thy enemies after burial O Harp endued with all harmony now broken by death O Theatre deprived of so great a Minstrel c. Sixtus Senensis speaking in the commendation of his Tongue he tells us That Libanius himself the Master of this Chrysostome did exceedingly admire the fluency and grace thereof and to that purpose he presents us with a shor● Epistle written to him by Libanius wherein he highly extolleth his Attick eloquence Leo Primus LEo Primus was by Nation an Italian born i● Thuscany and chosen Pope about the 3● year of Theodosius and the 16 of Valentinian He sate in the Chair near 21 years He procure a Council to be called by the Emperour Theodosius against the Heresie of Eutyches which had in that age spread it self and infected the Church of God but yet it so fell out by the subtilty of Dioscorus the present Bishop of Alexandria that this foul errour was rather strengthned in that Council than weakned and rather ratified than suppressed Among this mans Canons and Papal Decrees none is more worthy of praise than his Edict against self-seeking ambitious men who affect continually superiorities advancements He ordered that such should be deprived of all maner of dignities and preferments as well Offices of lower degree as higher and more sublime of inferiour ones for their pride because they had so scornfully despised them and of the higher ones for their presumption and ambition because they had so greedily affected them Sixtus Senensis styles this man In divinis Scripturis eruditissimum in declamandis homiliis facundissimum Most learned in the Scriptures and most eloquent in his Homilies He wrote many Epistles some to the Emperours others to Councils others to the Churches of divers Provinces but of them all that Epistle which he wrote to Flavianus Bishop of Constantinople wherein he impugned the blasphemous opinion of the Heretick Eutyches is preferred for its singular excellence Pareus speaking of his writings saith thus of them In scriptis ejus elucet summa vis Ingenii mira in repellendis haereticorum ictibus dexteritas There sparkleth in his writings a notable vigour of wit and a wonderful dexterity in repelling the strokes of Hereticks He laboured as many of his Predecessors had done before him for the Primacy of the Roman Chair but with much more craft and cunning whence Chamierus gives him this suitable character Leo Magnus primus fuit Episcopus Romanus quidem ambitiosissimus When Attilus King of the Hunnes fell in upon Italy and wasted most part of it and was approaching with his bloody Army to Rome it self with a full purpose to destroy it this man with one of the Consuls and part of the Senate wen● forth to meet him