Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	bishop_n	church_n	power_n	2,820	5	5.0653	4	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20361	A true report of all the doynges at the assembly co[n]cernyng matters of religion, lately holden at Poyssy in Fraunce. Written in Latine by Mayster Nicholas Gallasius, minister of the Frenche Churche in London, and then present, [and] one of the disputers in the same, translated into English, by I. D.... Seen and allowed accordyng to the order appoynted by the Queenes Maiesties iniunctions; True report of all the doynges at the assembly concernyng matters of religion, lately holden at Poyssy in Fraunce.	Des Gallars, Nicolas, ca. 1520-ca. 1580.	1561 (1561)	STC 6776; ESTC S110901	50,348	138

vice and weÌ„t no farther but abstained froÌ„ sacrifice I auÌ„swer that that is not true in all For Samuel which was not of the stock of AaroÌ„ sacrificed in Mispa And Elias of Galaad in yâ— mount Carmelus i. Samu. vii c. ix i. Regum xviii f. xxvi Then is it not to be maruelled that the prophets of that time woulde extend theyr office so far as to circumcise sacrifice whereas that by enheritaunce appertayned onely to the tribe of Leuy But suche enheritaunce at this daye hath no place thus you see what we call the church what we think of her markes and of the callyng of pastours in her Which yf you please to applye to oure Churches or to oure selues we hope that by the helpe of god we shall shewe such profe and witnesse therof out of the holy scriptures as no man shall haue any occasion to doute thereof And that both according to the worde of god also to the writings of that godly man Austyne at the least in that treatyse which is reckned among his workes and intitled of 65. question the last question Now let vs speake of the authoritye of the churche By that which we haue alreadye spoken it appeareth that we derogate froÌ„ her none of those hye precious titles that the holy ghost doth geue her but say that she is the bodye of our lorde obtayning the same here only in part til such time as ioyned to her head she shall fullye and perfectly enioye the same Heb. xi c. xv i. Co. i. a. vii i Cor. xiiii vi v. Ep. iiii c. xv She is the house of god but suche as is daylye put of and increased She is ruled by the spirite of god but as yet she striâ—â€¦eth agaynst the flesh Gala. v. c. xvii She is clensed washed but so that by litle and litle she shal be brought to that perfect beautye in the which ther shal be no spott no wrinkle Ep. v. f. 25 i Co. 3. c. 4 She knowes god but only in part And in these our maners of speache we wish the Apostles wordes to be weyghed to conclude we graunt that there is no saluation without the church For ther is no saluation but in Christ Iesus i. Ihon. v. c. xi Iohn iii. c. xviii And Christ dothe no where extende his saluation but in those members whose congregation and communion is called the churche but it is doubted whether she maye erre in this worlde whether we bee subiecte to the scripture or els her authoritie excede thesame We aunswere that her seuerall members maye erre and dayly fall and fayle as well in doctrine as in lyfe accordyng to the saying of Paule In parte we knowe i. Cor. xiii c. ix Also Iohn saieth If we saye that we haue no sinne we deceue our selues and there is no truthe in vs. i. Iohn i. d. viii Wherfore if any man will goe aboute to excepte the doctours from this number lette him pardon vs that we beleue him not For we coulde easily shewe many authorityes wherein do appeare the manifest errours of the best learned moste auncient doctours Be it spoken wyth their leaue and fauour whom as well for their singuler learnyng as also for their passing pitie we doe muche reuerence Neither truely my L. Cardinal if I wel vnderstoode him doth admyâ—â€¦ theÌ„ without iudgement This therfore is our opinion of yâ— meÌ„bers of yâ— church seuerally whose inperfection is not so material but that the church may coÌ„sist of theÌ„ For by litle litle they daily profit encrease aswel in amending of their liues as encreasiÌ„g their learning But now coÌ„sidering yâ— parts of the Churche more generally as deuiding it into seueral diocesses prouinces shal we say that they may erre That they bothe may erre also haue erred my L. Cardinal if Iwel remeÌ„ber hath alredy grauÌ„ted And the same is also coÌ„firmed with so great long experience that no wise man maie wel doubt therof It remaineth therefore to consider the whole vnyuersall churche But first we must see in what sort For if we consider it as it is represented by som general counsel assuredly we must not thinke that the whole power that the holy gost exteÌ„deth to that church is restrained to any certain nuÌ„ber of bishops which ofteÌ„times are neither the best learned nor best liuers For howe oft hapneth it yâ— some one priuate man passeth the best lerned yea somtimes the whole couÌ„sel in wit knowledge For this cause loÌ„g since it hath bine writen that better credyte is to be geuen to any pryuate maÌ„ grouÌ„ding a better reason thaÌ„ either to any couÌ„celor or pope glo in ca. significasti de elect i ibi pauo And hereof their is a notable example in the councell of nyce For what stayed that the prohibition of mariage Which hath bred so much filthynes in that church had not then bine stablished decreed only paphumtius as the history recordes with stode it Or what conuocation of any generall councel hitherto hath bene so larg but that a greate number of holye and learned men yea of the worthyest bishops hath bene ouerpassed therin And who will affirme that nothing more is reueled to those that are absente than to those that are present at the couÌ„cell Furthermore you are not ignorante what horrible confusioÌ„ ther hath bene and is at this present in the church and chiefly amonges those that sitt in hyest comes So that the Church of god euen there wher it should be most pure and perfect doth appeare most confuse and desolate And long time hath this wretched case continued there yet remaine so many greuous leude complaintes of good bishops on the same that the souÌ„de of theÌ„ semeth eueÌ„ now preseÌ„tli to peaâ—â€¦re â—â€¦yne eares What in his time Beâ—â€¦a had wrote in his bokes de consideratione et sermone 33 ch â–ª vppon the Lanâ—â€¦a Lanâ—â€¦corum â–ª also in hys sermoÌ„ of the coÌ„uersioÌ„ of Paul it is no lesse coÌ„mon than true Alas alas o lord god they are chefe in perseâ—â€¦iÌ„g that â–ª which seme to be chefest in thy church to beare the greatest rule therein They haue take the castell of Sion they haue wonne yâ— mâ—â€¦nicions now frely by coÌ„maundemente they â—â€¦oÌ„sume with fyer the whole citye â–ª These things we speake not in reproch of any â—â€¦aÌ„ but to shew that for as much as that chef calliÌ„g in the church are coÌ„founded gone astray it can not be proued that â—â€¦ vnâ—â€¦uersal couÌ„sels which haue bin asseÌ„bled many times of a multitude of meÌ„ most vnfit therfore are so guided with yâ— grace of yâ— holi gost that they may not erre The old priest of whom I would make no meÌ„tion but yâ— his example is coÌ„monly aledged for that profe hereof although he were vitious wicked did propheÌ„cye â—â€¦â—â€¦râ—â€¦tel that it was necessari that on maÌ„ shuld die for yâ— people least the whole nation

A TRVE report of all the doynges at the assembly coÌ„cernyng matters of Religion lately holden at Poyssy in Fraunce Written in Latine by Mayster Nicholas Gallasius minister of the Frenche Churche in London and then present one of the disputers in thesame traÌ„slated into English by I. D. â— Seen and allowed accordyng to the order appoynted by the Queenes Maiesties iniunctions Â¶ To the ryghte honorable the Lord Frauncis Russel Earle of Bedford and one of the Queenes Maiesties priuye councell Nicholas Gallasius IMmediatly after my retourne into thys Realme ryghte honourable I thought nothyng more requisite than to shewe the cause of my loÌ„g pylgrymage That bothe all menne maye vnderstande why I haue bene so long absente from my churche and also what was the ende of that assemblye where I was and eke what fruite I reaped of my trauayle therein For I vnderstande that sondrye rumours haue bene spred thereof and that manye haue easilye perswaded themselues that whiche they most desired So that in these oure tymes I fynde it most true which long synce was spoken Namely that the people iudgeth and now measure most thyngs accordyng to there owne opynion and very fewe accordyng to the truth Whiche foolyshe iudgements to withstand I counted it paine well spence not onely by word of mouth to certifie my freÌ„des and familyers but also to put in writting to the sight and reading of al meÌ„ the late doinges betwixt vs and the prelates at Poyssye Whiche as symply playnelye so I protest to doe truly and faythfullye As they themselues which were preseÌ„te at the doynge therof can witnesse Great sure was the expectacion of this assemblye and coÌ„ference And not with out cause For neuer hereto fore in Fraunce were we quyetlye heard or admitted to the defence of our cause but rather without cause condeÌ„ned banyshed and imprysoned Now therefore it was no maruell yf with thys strauÌ„ge and sodayn chauÌ„ce mens myndes were in greate expectacion had conceyued good hope Especiallye forasmuche as the truthe shyneth of itselfe waxeth so much yâ— more mighty as men with greate force and suttelty assay to suppresse it But they must not thynke that we were heard of them which were dryuen thereto for the most part agaynst there willes altogether enforced thereto by the necessirye of common commaundemente For they woulde alwayes either haue vs put to sylence oure mouthes stopped or els referred to there greate God at Trent only necessitye therefore made vs audience Bycause no otherwise the feare of imminent peryls could be repressed nor they theÌ„selues which hate vs most haue prouided for their own quietnes Wherfore al be it they fayned that they were wiling to come to coÌ„ference yet they coÌ„tinued with vs only so long as they hoped in the meane tyme they myght well content the Kynge and the nobles and appease the coÌ„mons For to leaue of the seueral discourse al theyr doinges generally but chiefly their departure whereby they brake the conference sufficieÌ„tly disclosed what their purpose was Whiche if we consider certainly we shall maruell that we dyd so often come to talke and wer suffred so long to pleade our cause But wtout respecting the councels or iudgements of men we must weye the prouideÌ„ce of God wherby he preuenteth al perilles and geueth a happy and lucky ende to doubtfull beginninges For god which neuer faileth those that are his hathe farre exceded our hope and expectatioÌ„ For who thought that albeit we wer sent for yet many beyng vnwilling some striuing against it we should be heard at all who sawe not a thousande wyles prepared for vs wherby we myghte eyther be put to death or silence After that we weronce heard with the great grudge of all the bishops who wuld haue hoped for the seconde or third meetyng Who thought not that we were led as prysoners to pleade oure cause And where as moste vniuste condityons were offered vs whereby the Byshops mynded to shame vs and win themselues a glorious victory who thought not that we woulde streyght haue broken of and hauing so good occasyon offered vnto vs woulde foorthwith reasse from conference Yet we chose rather to abyde al perilles yea and to muche wrong rather than we woulde geue any occasyon to breake of yâ— conference We gaue vp a confession of oure fayth that is to say of all the churches in Fraunce that professe the ghospell To maintain and defends thesame we wer alwayes readie Or if the bishops would haue shewed forth any of theirs we promised ofteÌ„ to conferre therof to confute it if ther were in it any thyng not agreable to the woorde of God But we coulde neuer get them together withoute great entreatye or continuall callyng on them At the laste when they neyther coulde nor durste openly to breake of the conference once begonne by the Kyngs coÌ„maundement they thoughte good by litle and litle to loose breake of For firste from the great audyence in the whiche we were first heard wyth greate companye restrained in a more narowe place we were admitted onely to the number of .xii. where they had a greate companye of their monkes and doctours Neither yet did this order please them long For at the laste the matter was referred to fiue on ether part and yet afterwardes those that wer chosen for them bicause they wer graue and quiet men they said wer neuer appoynted therto by their consent For they thought theÌ„ to much bent to peace concord which they hate All these pollicies attempted as it semed in vayn without any aunswere geuing vs or any parte of theyr mindes signified vnto vs they departed But although this labor may seme emploied in vain wherof their apeares eyther no end or els no certain conclusion yet neuertheles herby is made manifest to al men howe great is the power of truth which can be suppressed by no might of meÌ„ by no wile nor guile For she feareth her aduersaries she constraineth her defeÌ„ders and patrones maketh theÌ„ to be feared albeit thei are few and smal of force she vanquisheth and rooteth out all error be it neuer so depe rooted she detecteth and chaseth deceites and lies euen as the light with her beames doth the darknesse to conclude although manye yeares she hath lien hydden and suppressed yet at the last she becomes vanquisher of all her foes Which forasmuche as the lorde dailye proueth before our eyes truely we are vnkinde and vnthankefull vnlesse we mindefully weye it Least therefore the fame of these doynges should dye least they shuld be falsified with lyes or blotted with false tales immediately after my retourne I wrote the note thereof and described all thynges euen as they wer done But whiles I doubted vnder whose name I might best publishe the same your honor cam forthwith to my minde to whom for great fauoure and gentlenesse I am much bounden and not I onely but as many els as beyng true worshippers of god are fled hither

all agreed it best to abstayne froÌ„ force But neuetthelesse they meant to prouyde that their feare patience should not encrease the furye and insolence of their foes First of al therfore wheras their number was so great that the coÌ„gregation could not assemble wythin their priuate howsen they determined to come together openly and to haue their sermons and readinges in the open congregations Partly bicause necessitie enforced them therto and partly to cleare themselues of such slaunderous reports as already their impudeÌ„t aduersaries had raysed of them For it was openly bruted that most haynous and detestable crimes were committed in their assemblies Therefore they came into the yardes and open places some in their priuate howsen and some in the opeÌ„ cities Few toke the churches For least any thing should be rashly or vnaduisedly done or leasr their aduersaryes myght haue any couloure to accuse them of rebellion the ministers pastours of euery Churche as much as they myght kept the multitude in awe and order yet neuerthelesse hereof rose sondry tumultes and facrions of their aduersaryes Which notwithstanding could not staye or hynder their open metinges Hereof rose sondry troubles and great suspition and feare of rebellion And thys caused at the last that by the commaundement of the kyng and hys councell it was openly proclaimed that none shuld iniury or molest other for any matter of religioÌ„ After thys also was published an other whereby as wel the Bishops as other nobles of the realme were commaunded to repayre to Poyssye to deliberate both for the leauyeng of a tribute to discharge the kynges dettes to foren Princes but chefely for the reforming of the estate of religion Therby also the kinges peace and safecondwite was graunted to all suche as woulde come thither freely to propose whatsoeuer perteined to true religion and the establishing of coÌ„cord And it was commaunded vnder payne of death that no maÌ„ should trouble theÌ„ coÌ„ming together assembled or departing but that quietly and freely they myght mete together without trouble or veracion Shortly after by an Act of parliameÌ„t in that which the Bishops and other nobles of the realme wer not only parties but rulers it was decreed vnder paine of death that hereafter none should make any assemblies eyther for preaching or for ministring of the Sacramentes or for mariage other where than in the Churches or after any other sorte than the olde and accustomed maner And furthermore that wythin a certayne space the mynisters that professed the Ghospell should departe the realme of Fraunce Hereof rose gret trouble Bicause now their liberty of comming together takeÌ„ away it was likely to be greatly preiudicial to the tryall of the whole matter After thys the nobles met at Poyssye Shortly after the ministers of the Gospel came to the court to the king which then lay at Saynt Germans nye to Poyssye Thither somwhat afore were come certayne chosen men sent by the refourmed churches out of the .xii. prouinces to aduaunce religioÌ„ These deliberating with the others determined to offer vp to the king a boke in maner of a supplication wherby they woulde uponsome meanes to disputation and conference Therewithal also was geuen vp the coÌ„fession of that faith which they professed theÌ„selues ready to maintayne and defende Of that boke the thiefe poyntes were fowre First that no Bishops nor others of the ecclesiasticall orders should vsurpe the authoriti of Iudges ouer vs. Forasmuch as it behoueth rather that they themselues shoulde pleade their owne cause and stande in triall of reformation Secondly that the king Queene and nobilitie should rule the whole doinges leaste any trouble might arsie So that without contention and strif all matters myght be handeled and decreed Thirdly that al controuersies might be tryed by the worde of god whereupoÌ„ onely all our fayth and religion ought to be grounded Fourthly that certayne notaryes and Scribes should be choseÌ„ of eyther part which might faithfully register whatsoeuer wer done or decreed Whose notes should be of no credite vnlesse they were allowed and confessed of either part These requestes no man misliked And the kyng answered that he would take thaduise of his councell and by his Chauncelour shortly make them an answere yet thesame was long deferred Bicause the matter was coÌ„municated with the Bishops without whose councel or knowledge to do any thing it semed not mete For not only for thys matter of religion had the kyng assembled them but also for the leauyeng of mony to discharge hys dettes They waxing proude wyth thys confydence that the kyng semed to nede their aide assured themselues of the obtayning of any thyng agaynste vs nothyng doutyng the assured conquest of Ladye money Furthermore they tryfled and prolonged the tyme seeking al occasions to auoide our conference and disputation For they sayd we were already condemned and that they might not dispute with heretykes These and such other like their accustomed stayes they began to blase whiche neuerthelesse afterwardes they denied Boasting that they wer ready to he are vs. For they were ashamed openly to refuse our conference sith by their own consent we were sent for thither But they fully perswaded themselues that our courage or constancy would not be such as to hasard our lyues for that speach of our wordes Duryng this tyme oure nuÌ„ber increased For out of euery prouince not in Fraunce onely but also from al the realmes adioyning as many as might without the hynderaunce of their churches drew thither Wherfore at the last we chose certayne to the nuÌ„ber of .xii. whose names wer these Augustine Malorat FrauÌ„ces of Paulon Iohn Remonde Merlin Iohn Mallet FrauÌ„ces Morel Nicolas Tolye Theodore Beza Claudius Bessierus Iohn Bodwine Iohn Virell Iohn a Tures Nicolas Gallasius To these Iohn Soma adioyned himself which openly renounced papacy and subscribed to the doctrine Discipline of our Churches Afterwardes came also the reuerende father in God Peter Martir sent for from Tigur Whose comming was scarsely acceptable to our aduersaryes aswell for his singular learning as also for the maiesty and authority which both his Godlinesse and reuerende age haue gotten hym What in thys meane tyme was don of the Bishops whiche were assembled at Poyssye I thynke not good to ouerpasse For least any man should thynke they were ydle I wyl shew wyth what grauer matters they were letted so that they could not preseÌ„tly heare vs. These questions they disputed amoÌ„ges themselues What ought to be prescribed vnto Bishops Of the dignities of cathedral churches Of the Canonicalls their exemptions Of Curates their institutioÌ„ either by presentation or ordinary collatieÌ„ Of assigning them a Canonicall portion Of the lesser that is to wyt the ignoraunt chaplens and their vnreasonable number Of the reformation of monasteryes What should be done of coÌ„mendes Of the number of benefices and their incompatibility What waye hereafter they myght prouide for churches and Monasteryes in time of vacation Whether there myght be any

the matter was not likely to passe as they wished Wherefore thoughe all oure demaundes were not graunted yet neuerthelesse bicause the aunswere of the Queene was tollerable we thoughte it good to take the occasion leaste we myghte seeme to detracte the conference The next day therefore whiche was the nynth of September we came to Poyssye to the cloyster of Nunnes where the king was with his brother the Duke of Orleaunce the Quene the king Queene of Nauarre and the rest of the nobles with the whole councel there were present also the Cardinalls and Bishops accompaynyed with a great number of ecclesiast call persons We ministers to the number of xii and .xx. of those whom other churches had sente came in afore them But least the people of the towne shoulde make any riot vpon vs the kinges garde brought vs from our lodginges to the Nunnery Assoone as we came to the kinges presence and wer commaunded to speake Theodore Beza which by the vniuersal coÌ„sent was appoynted therto made an oratyon in the which thankyng God and the Kynge that nowe at the last our cause shuld he heard he shewed the causes for the which we had bin loÌ„g before expelled and vniustly condeÌ„ned Furthermore in what articles we agreed with our aduersaries in what others and how we did differ And what was the meane to appease all troubles and reforme religion Then in fewe wordes he shewed the doctrine of oure fayth and Sacramentes and bryefelye touched the chiefe errours that haue crept into religion whiche whyles he handeled grauely moderatly and wyth synguler eloquence he was heard very diligently of al men except when he treated of the presence of the body of Christ in his supper For when he shewed how we are made partakers of hym in hys Supper and taught thesame to be done by the power of the holy ghost which conioyneth knitteth thinges most farre distance in nature and that Christ could no otherwyse be receiued than by fayth and that he nedeth not to descende from heauen that we may communicate of hys body and that he is not enclosed in the bread but remayneth in heauen till he shall come to iudge the world or rather that as to that corporall presence he is as far absent from the bread as the hyest heaueÌ„ is distant from the lowest earth these thinges I say Whiles he handeled sodenly the Bishops begaÌ„ opeÌ„ly to grudge and murmure Crying that he spake shameful blasphemy Some hissed some rose as though they would depart And the Cardinall of Turon opeÌ„ly desired that either he might be licenced to depart or we put to sileÌ„ce They wer sory that afore they could get no occasion to interrupte our oration And therfore it pricked them at the heartes that we were so attentiuely heard Neither is it to be doubted but ether they would haue departed or els violently haue runn vpon vs vnlesse the very preseÌ„ce and authority of the king had represt their fury Silence commaunded a new Beza gently desired them that they woulde quietly heare what remained So it myghte happen that the matter ended they themselues mighte be satisfied So he had licence to conclude And not onely to declare the resydue of those thinges that pertayne to the fuller declaratyon of Chrystes presence in his supper but also all such thinges as concerne the Ecclesiasticall disciplyne and the dutye and authoritye of officers This oratyon ended the Cardinall of Turon perced with anger tremblyng and freating counsayled the king to geue no credite to our wordes nor swarue from the religion of his auncesters Wherein that he mighte obtaine his desire he prayed the gloryous virgine Marye and the blessed Saintes Then he desired to haue a copy of our oration and a daye appointed to aunswere it Saying that he hoped that oure argumentes and reasons shoulde bee so fully satisfied that if any parte thereof stucke in the kinges minde it shoulde thereby easely be rooted oute The Bishoppes tooke aduysemente with the deuines and Canonistes howe they mighte aunswere oure oration But then the Cardinall of Lorayne braste out into these wordes Would to God that eyther he had ben dumme or we deaffe The matter long weyed emoÌ„ges them they concluded not to aunswere all the poyntes of our oration either bicause they would not or could not but .ii. only First that whiche we sayde of the Churche and then that which was spoken of the Lordes Supper Afterwards they desired that they might geue vp a common confessioÌ„ in wryting subscribed by euery of them Which if the ministers would not allow they myghte then procede with a solemne decree against them And so take away the disputation From the whych polecy the wysest and grauest men abhorring sharpely withstode their purpose In the meane tyme we determined to make supplication to the kyng that he woulde not suffer the conference thus to be broken of nor the Bishops to be iudges in their own cause Saying that we had not yet shewed the proofes of oure opynion but onely symplye and playnly hadde drawen the articles of oure fayth which afterwardes myght bee more largely handeled and proued with the testimonies of the Scripture if he did suffer the Bishops to proocede so at theyr owne wyll and decree their own cause it woulde come to passe that both he should be deceiued of hys good expectatioÌ„ and also no remedy hereafter founde for suche troubles as do dayly growe This supplication was geuen to the Chancelor who by his prudence prouided that the conference was not broken of and that the Bishops kept farre more moderate and quiet order than they had done before The eight day after which was the xvi of thesame moneth the Cardinal of Loraine answered our oratioÌ„ and protesting afore that he and his would alwayes submit themselues to the kinges rule and would be ready to obeye hys commaundement in al pointes yet neuerthelesse reserued place for theyr wonted immunitie and fredom wherby they are wont to quite themselues from all subiection and chalenge the chiefe authoritie And that he did so suttelly that he scarcely semed to touche that sore And pretending a coloure of concorde he protested that he would gladly receiue vs which had swarued from him if we would returne humble our selues to them To conclude that they would be as fathers towards vs. If we would shew our selues as children towardes them These such other like afore promised he sayd he would aunswere onely to the Articles of our oration Whereof the one concerned the Church the other the Lordes Supper He ymagined that we had so defyned yâ— Church as though the name thereof had extended no farther thaÌ„ to the elect and therfore largely reasoned agaynste it shewing out of the common similitudes of the gospel in the whiche it is coÌ„pared to a plat of grounde and to a fyshers net that the name therof extended euen to ill and reprobate persons But he gaue it a meruaylous definitioÌ„ Saying that the Catholike

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