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cause_n	bishop_n	church_n	pope_n	3,804	5	6.4362	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A62424	The annals and history of Cornelius Tacitus his account of the antient Germans, and the life of Agricola / made English by several hands ; with the political reflecions and historical notes of Monsieur Amelot De La Houffay and the learned Sir Henry Savile.; Works. 1698	Tacitus, Cornelius.; Lipsius, Justus, 1547-1606.; Dryden, John, 1631-1700.; Bromley, William, 1664-1732.; Potenger, John, 1647-1733.	1698 (1698)	Wing T101; ESTC R17150	606,117	529

extraordinary Example of Modesty that is followed by few or no Princes o● great Men who often take the Honor of that to themselves that has cost them nothing In Innocent X's time S. Peter's Church in Rome was called S. Peter's Dove-Coat to expose the ridiculous vanity of this Pope that set up his Arms there in a thousand Places Eutropius said Constantine called the Emperor Hadrian The Pellitory of the Wall because his Name was writ every where This Vanity is now very common 'T is seen upon the Walls upon the Glass upon the Hangings and even upon the Altars I speak not of Kings Princes or other great Men but Upstarts and Citizens whose Arms we meet with every where On this Occasion he much commended Sejanus to whose Vigilance he imputed it that the Fire did no more mischief and the Senate Decred Sejanus's Statue should be erected in the Theatre LXXIV A little after when Tiberius honoured Iunius Bloesus Proconsul of Africa with a Triumph he said he did it in regard to Sejanus whose Uncle he was yet Blaesus had deserved those Honours For Tacfarinas tho● routed several times rallied his Troops together in the middle of Africk and had the Insolence to send Ambassadors to Tiberius to require a Country for himself and his Army or else threatned perpetual War 'T is said Tiberius was never in greater Passion for any Affront to him or People of Rome than to have a Traitor and Robber deal with him like a just Enemy 1 A Prince should never admit his Rebel Subject to treat with him for besides that it is an Example of dangerous consequence 't is i● some measure making a Subject his equal or independent Robert de la Marck says Don Iuan Antonio de Vera came a third time into Germany from whence he was driven by the Emperor's Captains for Charles V. would never march in Person against this Rebel who deserved only Contempt remembring what Herodotus writ of the Slaves of Scythia that had taken Arms against their Masters and made Head against them in the Field being proud of the regard had to them in going against them as just Enemies but when their Masters laid down their Arms and took Scourges and Rods to meet them these Wretches submitted when they saw the Contempt their Masters had for them Dans l'Epitome de la Vie de Charles Quint. Spartacus after he had with Impunity harrassed Italy defeated so many Consular Armies and burnt so many Towns was never Capitulated with tho' the Commonwealth was then weakned with the Wars of Sertorius and Mithidrates and when the City is in a flourishing Condition shall she make Peace with Tacfarinas a Robber and give him Lands He committed this matter to Blaesus with order to promise Pardon to those would lay down their Arms and to take their Captain what Rate soever he cost him LXXV Most of his Men accepted Pardon and made War upon him in the like manner as he had done upon others For as he wanted strength and understood pillaging better than they he commonly divided his Army into several Parts would fly when attacked and draw the Romans into Ambuscades if they pursued Their Army was divided into three Parts one of which was commanded by Cornelius Scipio Blaesus's Lieutenant who was to march where Tacfarinas wasted the Leptins and the Retreats of the Garamantes Blaesus's Son led another Body to keep the Cirtensians from joyning him The General marched in the middle erecting Castles and Fortresses in ●itting Places which brought the Enemy into great Streights For which way soever he went he found the Roman Forces in his Front on his Flanks or his Rear and so had many killed or taken Afterwards Blaesus divided these three Bodies into several Parties the Command of which he gave to Captains of Experienced Courage And when Summer was over he drew not his Men out of the Field and sent them into Winter-quarters in Old Africa a So they called at Rome that part of the Province the Romans gained from the Carthaginians as was usual but as if it had been the beginning of War having built new Forts he followed Tacfarinas with light Horsemen that were well acquainted with those Desarts who daily changed his Quarters b The Latin calls them Map●lia poor little Hutts till his Brother was taken then retired with more speed than was for the quiet of the Country leaving those behind him might revive the War But Tiberius concluding it ended allowed Blaesus the Honour to be saluted Emperor by the Legions An ancient Honour victorious Armies formerly gave their Generals upon the first transports of their Ioy. And had sometimes several Emperors together all of equal Dignity Augustus granted some of his Captains this Honour and Tiberius at last to Blaesus LXXVI This year two great Men died Asinius Saloninus Nephew to M. Agrippa and Pollio Asinius and Brother to Drusus c He was the Son of Vipsania Agrippa's Daughter Tib●rius's first Wife and Drusi●'s's Mother designed to have been Married to one of Germanicus's Daughters and Capito Ateius who was mentioned before and had raised himself by his Studies to the highest Dignity in the City but his Grandfather Sullanus was only a Centurion and his Father Pretor Augustus hastened him the Consulship that by the Dignity of that Office he might be preferr'd before Labeo Antistius 1 'T is very usual for Princes to advance one Man thereby to lessen another of greater Merit they hate For this Reason Philip II. of Spain preferr'd almost in every thing the Prince d'Eboli before the Duke d'Alva At the beginning of the Regency of the late Queen Mother of France Cardinal Mazarine continued th● Seals to the Chancellor Segnier who was hated both by him and the Regent that he might have a Man of Wit and Quickness to oppose to M. de Chasteauneuf that pretended to them and to the Dutchess of Chevr●use who laboured all she could to have brought her Adorer and Martyr into the Ministry So the Regent called M. de Chasteauneuf Memoires de M. de Chas●re who was not inferiour to him For that Age had these two great Ornaments of Peace together but Labeo was most esteemed by reason of his Freedom 2 How good soever Princes are they never love those who want Complaisance Majesty is so used to Respect that whatever savours of Freedom is insupportable There are few Princes like Stephen de Battor King of Poland who gave the rich Palatinate of Sandomir to Stani●●as Pekoslawski who when he was Deputy from that Province to the Diet always opposed him Pekoslawski said Stephen when he named him to the Palatinate Is a very bad Deputy but very good Soldier A memorable Example says the Bishop of Pre●●ilz of Generosity and Moderation and the more Commendable because this Prince valued his Merit when he had cause to hate his Person Piajecki dans sa Cronique What Pope Iulius III. did in savour

Brother in the most submissive manner he begs Pardon of Tiberius who appear'd not in the least mov'd thereby By and by the Emperor reads the Accusations and the Names of their Authors with such temper that he seemed neither to extenuate nor aggravate the Crimes XXX Besides Trio and Catus there came also two Accusers more Fonteius Agrippa and C. Livius amongst whom there was some dispute which of them had the Right to accuse him but when they could not agree amongst themselves and Libo came without an Advocate Livius declar'd that he would exhibit the several Crimes wherewith he was charged Of which one was That he had consulted with the Astrologers whether he should ever be rich enough to cover the Appian way from Rome to Brundusium with Money and the rest were much of the same nature Ridiculous and Pitiful Only there was a Writing in Libo's hand upon which the Accuser insisted very much wherein were the Names of the Caesars and of some Senators with Dangerous and Mysterious Notes added to them Libo disowning it 't was thought ●it to put some of his Slaves who knew his hand to the Question But because it was forbidden by an ancient Decree of the Senate to examine a Slave by torture against the Life of his Master Tiberius who was ingenious at inventing new Laws 1 There are occasions wherein the Prince for the Safety of his Person or for the Repose of his People is constrain'd to accommodate the Laws to the Necessity of his Affairs Politicians pretend that the Laws consist not in words but in the Sense which the Publick Authority gives them and that they have no force but as far as the Prince lends it them who is the sole legal Interpreter of them Howsoever that be a good Prince ought as much as is possible to avoid coming to new Examples of severity therein for whatsoever the Cause or the Colour may be the Novelty of the procedure makes him pass for Cruel The action of Pope Sixtus-Quintus who order'd a Youth to be put to Death who was under Seventeen years old telling the Governor of Rome that he would give him ten of his own years that he might be of the Age requir'd by the Laws * Leti lib. 1. part 2 of his Life this Action I say ought rather to be forgotten than imitated order'd Libo's Slaves to be sold to the Publick Register that they might be examin'd against him by torture without infringing the Law 2 It ill becomes Princes to use certain tricks and shams of Art to put a colour upon Frauds and real Injustice The manner of the same Sixtus-Quintu●'s dealing with the Author of a Pasquinade upon his Sister Donna Camilla is another action that did no honour to his Pontificate We have promis'd you your Life and 1000 Pistols said he to this Unhappy Man and we freely give you both for coming and making the Discovery your self but we reserv'd in our mind a Power to have your ●ongue and both your Hands cut off to hinder you from speaking or writing any more L●ti lib. 2. part 2. of his Life It is of him that the Pagliari speaks in his 210 Observation where he saith We have seen in our days a Prince who did not invent new Laws but who extended the old ones to all cases which he had a Mind to comprehend under them saying that this was the Intention of the Prince who made them although● these Cases were not expressed in them Not only all Germany but also all Europe detested the Fraud which Charles V. put upon the Landtgrave of Hesse by the help of one word of the Treaty wherein his Ministers slipt in a W instead of an N so that in the Copy which the Landtgrave signed it was written Euvige whereas the Minutes or the rough Draught had Einige which entirely alter'd one of the Essential Conditions of the Treaty which was that the Landtgrave stipulated to be sent back without any Imprisonment ohne einige ge fangus whereas the Emperor on the contrary having caus'd him to be arrested by the Duke of Alva said that by the Treaty he was obliged only not to hold him in perpetual Imprisonment as the Word Euvige signifies Heiss. li 3. part 1. of his History of the Empire Don Iuan Antonio de Vera endeavours to 〈◊〉 Charles V by saying that the 〈◊〉 had no reason ●o 〈…〉 that a Promise to exempt him 〈◊〉 perpetual Imprisonment 〈…〉 that he was 〈…〉 But this doth 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 to the Let●● 〈…〉 written in it yet he can't he excused from breaking his Word seeing he knew that the Landtgrave and his Mediators Maurice Duke of Saxony and the Elector of Brandenburgh had agreed and capitulated for the Contrary Upon which Libo having desir'd that he might have time given him till the next Day for his answer went home and sent by the Hands of his Kinsman P. Q●irinius his last Petition to the Emperor whose Answer was that he must address himself to the Senate XXXI In the mean time his House was beset with Soldiers who made such a Noise in the Porch as if they desir'd to be taken notice of so that perceiving what he was to expect he was Melancholly at this last Feast which he had made to take his farewell of Pleasure and called for some body to kill him laid hold on his Servants and put a Sword into their Hands but they trembling and drawing back threw down the Light that stood on the Table and the Horror of the Darkness suiting with his design he immediately gave himself two stabs in the Belly His Freed man hearing him groan as he fell ran to him and the Soldiers retired at the sad Spectacle The Accusation was still prosecuted in the Senate with the same Heat However Tiberius swore that he would have interceeded with the Senate for his Life notwithstanding his Guilt had he not prevented him by a Voluntary Death XXXII His Estate was divided amongst the Accu●ers and his Prae●orship was given to some of the Senate before the Assembly was held for the Election of Officers At the same time Cotta Messalinus moved that Libo's Image might not be carry'd in the Procession of the Funerals of his Kindred Cneius Lentulus that none of the Family of the Scribonii might take the Sirname of Drusus 1 The Names of Traytors ought to be bury'd in Eternal 〈◊〉 To bear their Name is to partake of their Infamy with them and in some sort to approve of what they have done Iohn II. King of Portugal giving to Emanuel who afterwards succeeded him in the Throne the Con●i●cation of the Duke of Viseu his Brother's Estate made him take the Title of Duke of Beja instead of that of Viseu that this young Prince might not bear the Name of a Tray●or who would have kill'd his King Mariana Cap. ult Lib. 24 of his History And since that time there have never been any Dukes of Vise● notwithstanding Emanuel and

over Religion Iournal du Regne d' Henry III. 1587. But nothing went nearer Tiberius than the great Affection of the People for Agrippina whom they called The Glory of their Country 6 Those Commendations the People give to one of Royal Birth whose Merit or Power create a Iealousie in the Prince always cost him dear for they not only lose him his Prince's Favour but make the Prince desire to get rid of one to whom the People give the Preference Witness Saul who would kill David because the Women of Israel were so indiscreet as to compare them The Acclamations of the Parisians in Favour of the Duke of Guise that Day he received the Blessed Sword Sixtus Quintus had sent him by a Bishop raised the Iealousie and Suspicion of Henry III. against him And not without Cause for the Ceremony was performed with as much Preparation and Pomp as a King's Coronation 1587. Besides Tiberius whose Maxim it was To moderate the Honours done to Women and even those to his Mother who had given him the Empire could not forbear being much displeased with Agrippina whom the People so much adored the only Blood of Augustus and the last Remains of ancient Probity and prayed the Gods her Children might survive their Enemies V. Some thought these Funerals not pompous enough and compared them with those Augustus made for Drusus Germanicus's Father For he went in the middle of Winter to Pavia and attended the Body to Rome upon the Herse were the Images of the Claudii and Livii d The Latin says Iuliorum but that is a transposing the Letters of Liviorum For at publick Funerals they carried only the Images of their Ancestors The Iulii were not related to Drusius but the Livii were by his Mother And it appears not that the Images of the Livii were omitted in that Ceremony His Funeral-Oration was spoke in the Place of Publick Assemblies he was praised in the Rostra e Rostra a goodly fair Edifice in which was an Orator's Pulpit deck'd and beautify'd with the Beaks of many Ships which the Romans took from the People of Antium in a memorable Sea-●ight and from thence in Latin Rostra hath this Place taken its Name and all Honours done him that either our Ancestors or latter times have invented But Germanicus wanted those that are due to every noble Roman It signified little said they that his Body was burnt without Ceremony in a Foreign Country considering the Difficulty of bringing it so far home but he should have had the greater Honours afterwards in lieu of those this Accident deprived him His Brother went but one Day 's Iourny to meet the Body and his Uncle only to the Gates What is become of the Ancient Customs Why was not his Effigies f The word Effigies ought not to be used here says Fremont de Ablancourt because it is not spoken here of any thing set up and that word cannot properly be used but on such an occasion Nevertheless his Uncle uses this very word in his Translation The late Monsieur Ogier has the same word in his Funeral-Oration upon Lewis XIII when he speaks of the Monuments of the Kings at St. Dennis carried and Verses sung in Honour of his Memory Why was he not praised and lamented with the usual Ceremonies of Mourning 1 If Princes are not really concerned for the Death of those that have done important Service to the Publick they ought at least to seem so And that Tacitus means by these Words Doloris imit●menta When the Duke d' Alva died at Lisbon the Portuguese thought it strange that their new King Phillip II. should appear the next day in publick contrary to the Custom of their Kings who upon the Death of their Ministers and others of inferiour Rank that had faithfully served the Crown kept up some days And to make an odious Comparison some remembred that Emanuel his Mother's Brother lockt up himself for three days upon the Death of a famous Pilor Livre 9. de Histoire de l'Union du Portugal a la Castille VI. These Discourses were carried to Tiberius and to put a stop to them he declares by an Edict That many Illustrious Persons had died in the Service of the Commonwealth but none had been so passionately regretted This was commendable both in him and them if a Mean was observed That the same things were not becoming Princes and private Men 2 It is no wonder the Iudgments of the People are for the most part contrary to those of their Princes For the People not being able to discern right would have the Prince espouse their Passions and accommodate himself to their Humour and he on the contrary would have them leave the Government to him without judging what they understand not The People are not capable of knowing what is fitting or not fitting for the Prince when a weak Prince generally knows what is agreeable to or unbecoming his Dignity for a People that Command the World and those that Govern Petty Commonwealths That the Season for Sorrow is when Grief is fresh but after three Months 't was reasonable to lay it aside as Caesar did upon the Death of his only Daughter and Augustus after he had lost his Children 3 When the Prince would justifie an Action which he knows the People do or may interpret amiss he cannot do it better than by the Example of his immediate Predecessors for the later the Example is it makes the greater Impression on those to whom it is brought That it was not necessary to give ancienter Instances how the People had bore with Constancy the Defeat of their Armies g The loss of the Battels of Cremera and Allia both fought on the 17th of Iuly in different Years and four others that of Ticinum Techia Lago di Perugia and Cannae where so many Roman Knights were killed that Hannibal sent to Carthage two Bushels full of Rings an Account of the number of the Slain by that of their Rings the Death of their Generals h Of the Scipio's in Spain and so many others and the entire Extinction of many noble Families i All the Fabii who were 306 near Relations perished in one Ambuscade the Tuscans had said for them near the River Cremera but by good Fortune there was one staid at home because of his being very young who restored the Family That Princes are Mortal but the Commonwealth Eternal 4 Kingdoms says Ant. Perez are in respect of Kings the same as Species are to their Individuals The Philosophers say the Species are Eternal because naturally they never end though Individuals perish like Accidents Kings make not Kingdoms but Kingdoms make Kings Dans ses secondes Lettres that they should therefore return to their ordinary Employments and enjoy themselves at the Megalensian Games k Games instituted in Honour of the great Goddess called by the Romans Magna Mater Her Statue was brought in great

of Brac●io Martelli whom he removed from the poor Bishoprick of Fiesole to the rich Church of Leccia though he had always stifly opposed the Authority of the Legats in the Council of Trent where Iulius had presided in that Capacity is one of the noblest Examples of the last Age. Le Cardinal Pallavicin ch 1. du 13. Livre● de son Histoire du Concile de Trent Scipio A●●nirato says That this Prelate's good Life made the Clergy of Leccia who lived very dissolutely when he came to the Diocess so regular and vertuous that the strictest Observers were satisfied with them Disc. 9 du livre 3. de son Comm●ntaire sur Tacite of Speech d This was he that giving his Vote for L●pidus to be Senator answered Augustus who asked him I● he knew no Man sitter that every one had his Opinion Upon which Augustus being so ince●●'d as to threaten his Life Labeo without changing his Countenance or Courage replied That he thought he made a good Choice when he was for one whom Augustus continued in the Dignity of High-Priest and Capito's Complaisance was more acceptable to the Princes One was much valued because of the Injury done him in that he was not advanced higher than a Praetor 3 When a great Man's Merit is generally known the refusing him those Employments and Honours he deserves recommends him to Posterity And while he lives the publick Compassion recompences th● wrong done him And it is a Glory to him to have it asked Why he is not a Marshal or a Governor of a Province because it is an Argument he is worthy of them Ciaconius asked with Admiration Why St. Thomas Aqu●nas was not Created Cardinal as well as St. Bonadventure whom he equalled both in Learning and Sanctity And I may likewise ask says a Modern Writer Why St. Bernard was not a Cardinal as well as so many other Religious his Disciples But 't is believed his Book De Consideratione ad Eugenium Papam boldly writ and his Remonstrances to many Cardinals whose Behaviour he could not bear were the Reasons Pope Eugenius his Disciple made him not a Cardinal Traite de l'Origine des Cardinaux chap. 6. Nothing exposes a Courtier to more Envy than to be called too soon to Employments to the excluding others of higher Birth and Merit from them The Promotion of Bartelemi de Caransa a Dominican to the Archbishoprick of Toledo created him as many Enemies and Persecuters as there were Prelates in Spain Don Hernando de Valdez Archbishop of Sevile and Inquisitor General who expected this Primacy of Toledo accused him for not being Orthodox and many Religious of the same Order Councellors of the Holy Office joined with this Grand Inquisitor so that this poor Prelate the first Archbishop of Spain was to be a Sacrifice to Calumny when if Phillip II. had led him by degrees to this eminent Dignity no one had taken notice of his Elevation and his Prince's Favour Cabrera ch 10. du liv 4. de son Histoire Don Bartelemi was 17 years in the Prisons of the Inqui●●tion 7 at Madrid and 10 at Rome where he died in 1576. and the other envied because he was made Consul 1. LXXVII And Iunia died in the 64th year after the Philippensian War She was Cato's Neice C. Cassius's Wife and M. Brutus's Sister Her Will was much discoursed of 4 There is always much discourse of great Person 's last Wills which are the most faithful Mirrours of their Sense and Manners Testamenta hominum speculum morum says Pliny Iunior While they live you commonly know not their Hearts they so disguise themselves but when they die their Testaments clear all Doubts and undeceive many that thought they had the best share in their Esteem and Affection What Philip II. of Spain did in 1580. at Badajoz when he thought he should Die discovered to Queen Anne who expected the Regence that she had a Husband of Tiberius's Opinion not to trust Women with Power The sincerity of a Man when he makes his Will appears fully Cardinal Richlieu's Testament Politick to Lewis 13. There you see the King's Picture drawn to the Life there you have all the good Counsel an able Minister can give his Prince exquisit● Policy great Thoughts bold Truths a Masculine Eloquence and admi●able Wit But Self Love which according to the old saying is the last Shirt a Wise Man puts off has made him commit an Error in spea●ing too much of his Services particularly in the first Chapter of the first Part which is more to his own Commendation than his Master's For the rest as to his manner of Drawing Lewis XIII as a Prince and Magistrate there is cause to say A Testament discovers many Thoughts th● Testator durst not divulge in his Lif● time Ch. 7. de la premier Partie because when she had honourably named all the great Persons and left them Legacies she omitted Tiberius 5 Those that are Born Rebublicans find it very difficult to quit the Love of Liberty witness Iunia who a●ter 64 years living under Augustus and T●b●rius preserved always the same Sentiments in which her Uncle Brother an● Husband dies So her Will could not fail being Republic●n as well as her Family which had been for many Ages the Bullwark and Palladium o● Liberty which he took not ill 6 There are some things that are not only more seemly but more expedient for a Prince to dissemble than resent Tiberius could not shew himself displeased with Iunia's Will without disobliging all the great Persons she had named in it so that they would have Cause to think he would take away the Freedom of Testaments Besides Iunia seemed to have a good Opinion of his Moderation and Iustice when she made the greatest Persons in Rome her Heirs without fearing the excluding him would overthrow her Will. neither hindred the Solemnizing her Funerals in an Oration to the People and other Ceremonies 7 It is Generous to Honour Virtue in our greatest Enemies Rodolph Duke of Suabia whom Pope Gregory VII made Emperor in the room of Henry IV. that was Excommunicated and Deposed being Buried at Mersbourg like an Emperor the Saxons would have taken a Plate of Brass from his Monument on which was his Arms with the Imperial Crown and other Marks of Sovereignty to avoid Henry IV's Resentment who had gained two Battels against the Rebels but he forbid them saying He wished all his Enemies as honourably Buried Heiss. dans son Histoire de l'Empire Vie d'Henry IV. The Duke de Sesse Viceroy of Naples under Phil●p II. of Spain caused a stately Mausolaeum to be erected to the famous Captain Pedro Navarro tho' he took part with Francis I. of France against his Sovereign Charles V. and Died at Naples by the Hand of Iustice. Quamvis Gallorum partes secutum says the Epitaph pro sepulcri ●●●ere honestavit c●m hoc habeat in se praeclara virtus ut etiam in hoste sit admirabilis