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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A88705	Speculum patrum: A looking-glasse of the Fathers wherein, you may see each of them drawn, characterized, and displayed in their colours. To which are added, the characters of some of the chief philosophers, historians, grammarians, orators, and poets. By Edward Larkin, late Fellow of Kings Colledge in Cambridge, and now minister of the Word at Limesfield in Surrey.	Larkin, Edward, 1623-1688.	1659 (1659)	Wing L444A; ESTC R230373	42,396	106

Nice this man brake off his compliance with that Hereticall party and from thence forward joyned himself in fellowship and society with the Orthodox Nay he is conceived by some Authors to have been the compilers of the Nicene Creed He wrote in ten books an Ecclesiasticall History from Christs time to the yeer 325. Ierome saith of him quod pulchre contexuerit Historiam Ecclesiasticam Basil calls him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Worthy of credence and Chemnitius comparing this authors History with that of Nicephorus he saith Major est gravitas in illius historia quam in Nicephori There is much more gravity in his History then in that of Nicephorus Besides this work he writ also a Panagyrick of the life of Great Constantine which comprehendeth Acts done in the Church for the space of thirty yeers together with the Lawes and Edicts that the Emperour had made relating to the Christian faith He refuted the Ethnicks and Jewes in his Books of Preparation for and Demonstration of the Gospell he left behinde him a Chronology from Abrahams birth to the 326. yeer of our Lord which doth in all contain 2347. yeers He condemned that pestilent fellow Arius with his own hand in the Nicene Councell and yet further to cleer him from all suspicion of favouring that wicked Heresie and Heretick Socrates hath written an Apology in his behalf which you will meet in his history He died about the yeer of Christ 340. He was called Pamphilus from the affection and singular love he did bear to Pamphilus the Martyr with whom he was most familiar and intimate Bibliander gives him this Character Eusebius inter Graecos Theologos Antesignanus Eusebius among the Greek Divines the principall Causabon calls him virum longe doctissimum in omni literarum genere exercitatissimum A most learned man and most exercised in all kinde of literature T is Ludovicus Vives his description of him Vir fuit immensa lectione proinde summa eruditione He was a man of immense reading and for that cause of very great erudition Scaliger commends him in one respect and in another disparages him as appears by these words of his Quo speaking of this Eusebius nullus Ecclesiasticorum veterum plura ad Historiam contulit Christianismi Then whom none of the Ancient Ecclesiastick writers hath contributed more to the History of Christianisme There is his commendation Nullus plura errata in scriptis suis re liquit Nullius plures hallucinationes extant No man hath left more faults in his writings No man hath extant more errours There 's his disparagement The Arrians having unjustly procured the deposition of Eustatius the Bishop of Antiochia they desired that his Office might be supplied by this Eusebius but he refusing it the Emperour Constantine so far commended his modesty therein that he said of him He deserved to be made Bishop of the whole world Ierome observing in this mans Commentaries on the Prophet Esay that he swerved from his purpose and promise whilst in many places he imitated Origens Allegories He said this of him Ita separata consociat ut mirer cum nova sermonis fabrica in unum corpus lapidem ferumque conjungere He so unites things which are separate that I wonder he doth in his new Fabrick and Structure of speech joyn together into one body Stone and Iron Athanasius AThanasius worthy to be immortall in his fame as his name importeth was born at Alexandria and consecrated Bishop of that City in the room of Alexander deceased this honour was conferred on him in the yeere 325. at which time the Churches of God were most grievously infested and distracted with the Heresie of Arius so that this holy man saw he was to sail in a very stormie and tempestuous sea which made him desirous at the beginning to decline that high advancement whereunto he was preferred His life was not unlike unto a Comedy his five banishments being fitly resembled to the five Acts thereof the chief cause of his troubles say some was Eusebius the then Bishop of Nicomedia a principal member of the Arian faction For when Arius condemned by the Nicene Council had made his appeal to great Constantine with promise never to disturb the Churches peace again and thereupon was licensed to return unto his charge at Alexandria where he was a Priest This Athanasius did refuse to admit him thereto and wrote unto the Emperour an account of his refusal which was to this effect Nempe quod semel damnatum haereseos ab ecclesia non fas esset recipere absque legitima cognitione ecclesiae that it was not lawful to receive an heretick condemned by the censure of the Church without the cognizance of the Church especially when there appeared no outward symptomes of repentance and amendment from him Now this reply from Athanasius gave the Emperour great discontent so that he most sharply menaced the holy Bishop if he did persist in his denial and now Eusebius thinking this opportunity very lucky to his designe he so farr improves it that good Athanasius is most strangely traduced many scandalous matters laid unto his charge as if he imposed intolerable burdens on the Churches of Egypt and as though he practised treason against the life of his soveraign but at length being by a Warrant fetcht to Constantinople he so wiped off all these foule aspersions that he returned with apparent testimonies of a spotless innocence Caesar himself dismissing him not without honour and applause But yet his enemies bearing towards him implacable malice and not satisfied with this publike tryal of his Christian sincerity do not give over their furious chace but further accuse him of other misdemeanours as witchcraft and murder but the Judge appointed to hear his cause acquitted him of all those calumnies and once again the Emperour commends his integrity and exhorts him to vigilancy in his episcopal function But yet at length these Arians prevailing through their importunate slanders procured his exise to Trevers in France where he hid his head for the space of two years and four months with the Bishop Maximinus neither did his sufferings end with the death of Constantine but his two sonnes swaying the Scepter after him he was much persecuted through the influence his enemies had upon Constantius of whom they effected that he was three times banished first to Rome then into the remote corners of the east and lastly into the deserts of Lybia Thus indeed was this excellent Prelate tossed to and fro finding no rest for his peaceable feet no not in those halcyon dayes of the good Emperour Constantine much less in the raign of Constantius who being also removed by death Iulian the Apostate succeeds in the empire one which at first favoured both the person and cause of Athanasius restoring to him his liberty and attendance on his office but in the end he persecuting the truth was likewise stirred up to thunder out a banishment against him however God brought him peaceably

strong armour against hereticks This Father was wont to say when he spake of our Saviours death and passion that his Love was crucified Ireneus gives us an account of his Martyrdome and sets down the very words he should utter a little before his sufferings which were to this effect or sense Inasmuch as I am the wheat of God I am to be ground with the teeth of beasts that I may be found pure bread or fine manchet His Epistles were printed at Oxford 1644. Polycarpus POlycarpus whose name signifieth much fruit was the Disciple of St. Iohn the Apostle ordained by him Bishop of the Church of Smyrna he went to Rome in the reign of Antonius Pius Anicetus being Prelate at that time there where he reduced to the true faith those which were bewitched by the hereticks Marcion and Valentinus It happened that wicked Marcion there meetting him thus spake to him Knowest thou us O Polycarpus To whom forthwith this grave and holy man most disdainingly answered I know thee to be the first-born of the Devil This godly Professor was in the dayes of Antoninus the Philosopher and Lucius Verus Roman Emperors tied to a stake in the midst of the Amphitheater and there devoured by the mercilesse flames as Volaterrane and Eusebius have written but others yet say that he could not burn the Lord from Heaven restraining the natural violence of the fire by a miracle and thereupon they slew him with the sword at Smyrna in the year of our Lord 167. In this mans time Egesippus the Iew was converted to the Christian Faith who afterward wrote in five books the History of the Church from Christ to his own time This Polycarpus writ an Epistle to the Philippians so saith Ierome and another to great Dionysius the Areopagite so Suidas Socrates in his Ecclesiastical History tels us That this man did communicate with Anicetus the Roman Bishop though he differed in opinion from him about the celebration of Easter Ireneus commends that Epistle of his to the Philippians in his third book against heresies saying That it is so full furnished to this that out of it all those which have any care of their salvation may know the character of faith and the doctrine of truth Eusebius recites the Prayer which this holy and devout man did conceive and utter immediately before he was martyred it begins thus O Father of thy beloved and blessed Son Iesus Christ by whom we have knowledge of thee Ireneus gives this eminent Saint this following commendation Hic docuit semper quae ab Apostolis didicerat Ecclesiae tradidit quae sola sunt vera This man alwayes taught that which he had learnt of the Apostles and delivered to the Church those things which are only true 'T is Dalleus his Blogy of him Quo viro post Apostolos quorum familiaris fuit vix ullus apud Christianos unquam fuit sanctior ant divinior Then which man after the Apostles whose familiar companion he was there was scarce any one among the Christians more holy and divine Eusebius gives us an account of his martyrdom by an Epistle of the Church of Smyrna inserted in his History wherein we have many remarkable passages one is a Voice speaking to Polycarpe from Heaven and saying thus O Polycarpe be of courage and play the man even then when he was standing before the Judgement-seat Another is the stout Reply which he made the Proconsul when he tempted him to deny the Lord Jesus which was much to this effect Fourscore and five years have I served him neither hath he ever offended me and how can I revile my King who hath hitherto kept me A third is that when his body was burning it seemed to the senses of them that beheld it to send forth a sweet and fragrant smell as of Frankincense or such like odoriferous perfume Justine Martyr IUstine Martyr fiourished in the reign of Antonius Pius and so was contemporary with Polycarpe Eusebius in his Ecclesiastical history speaking of him saith that this man was famous in the Christian Doctrine a little after the times of the Apostles He was the son of Priscas Bacchus born at Flavia a new City of Syria Palestina so he himself tels us in one of his Apologies It s said that the Emperour upon his reading of this mans Apologies which he had dedicated to him wherein he pleaded the righteous cause of poor distressed and calamitous Christians that he gave order for the ceasing of the persecution Tertullian and Suidas doe speak great matters in the honour and praise of this Champion He wrote against the Heretick Marcion whose venome it seems had spread it self farre and wide in his dayes He was a notable Philosopher and in his Dialogue with Trypho he saith that he had been an Auditor of all the Sects of them of Stoicks Peripateticks Pythagoreans and Platonicks Ierome tels us in his Catalogue of Ecclesiastical Writers that he did habitu Philosophico incedere walk in the guise and habit of a Philosopher He was beheaded at Rome saith Eusebius in the reign of Lucius Verus but according to Epiphanius it was before even in the time of Adrian His death whensoever it was was promoted and procured by the malice and revenge of Crescens an ungodly Philosopher who being worsted by him in his excellent disputations never left till his malignancy had brought to passe this pious Martyrs destruction whence you have this or the like passage from his own mouth in his Apologie relating to his persecutor Crescens I look for no other thing then this that I be betrayed by some one of them called Philosophers or knockt in the head by Crescens no Philosopher indeed but only a proud self-conceited boaster and so he goes on in that Apology This Father records of himself that he was prevailed withall and won to imbrace the Christian Faith through the cruelties of heathen Tyrants against the Saints of Christ and their couragious patience under them We meet with a worthy character given this man in the Bibliotheca of Photius which is as followeth or much to that sense Est vir ille ad Philosophiae tum nostrae tum potissimum profanae summum evectus fastigium multiplicisque eruditionis historiarum copia circumfluens That man is an eminent proficient both in our Christian Philosophy and also in prophane and overflowing with abundance of various learning and histories Pareus saith this of his works quod ejusdem scripta etiamnum cum fructu leguntur That his writings are now read with benefit Epiphanius cals him Virum sanctum Dei amantem a holy man and a lover of God Tatianus in his book against the Gentiles stiles him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 most admirable Yet this man though he did apologize for Christianity had his errors In his Dialogue with Trypho he shews himself an Abetter of the opinion of the Chiliasts and the barbarous Gentiles he did entitle to salvation A thenagoras A Thenagoras a

his Character which we have from them as followeth Fuit in hoc homine omnino Ingens discendi cupiditas ingenium acutum tenacissima memoria Fervens Zelus Gloriae Dei Religionis Christianae ut ex suis Scriptis conspici potest maximae eruditionis Zeli facundiae ac proinde etiam authoritatis sed etiam Scriptis tum toti Ecclesiae sui Aevi tum etiam posteritati in perpetuum profuit There was in this man altogether a vast desire of learning an acute wit a most tenacious memorie a fervent zeal of Gods glory and the Christian Religion as may be seen out of his writings of very great erudition zeal eloquence and so also of authority neither did he onely advantage his Auditors by his voice but likewise by his writings both the whole Church of his age as also posterity throughout all ages This man with his Master Pantaenus is reported to have been the first founders of publike Academies for they delivered the fundamentals of Heavenly truth not by sermons to the people but by Catechisticall doctrine to the learned in the Schooles S. Ierom saith this of this mans Workes Feruntur ejus insignia volumina plenaque eruditionis eloquentiae tam de Scripturis Divinis quam de secularis literaturae instrumento Yet this man had too high an esteem of Tradition whereby it hapned that he fell into various errours amongst which he affirmed That afterour calling to the Knowledge of the truth possibly God might grant to them that have sinned a recovery into their former state for once or twice by repentance but if they should fall oftner into sin then so there is no more restitution to be expected or hoped for but a fearfull looking for a finall judgement And yet afterward forgetting this his assertion he saith in his fourth book of Strom. That Whensoever sinners do repent whether here in this world or else in the next they may be received to Gods mercy In which passage of his he seems to insinuate that men may repent and so finde favour at the hands of God after that this present life is determined Then which Position there is nothing more contrary to the Scripture and likewise to his own forementioned and foregoing expression Moreover he delivered lib. 7. Strom. That the law of Moses was sufficient to the Iewes and to the Heathens or Gentiles their Philosophy before Christs coming to salvation In his first Book you have these words touching the Justification of the Gentiles 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Philosophy heretofore did of its own nature justifie the Greeks You have an enumeration of all this mans errours from Chemnitius in the first part of his Examen pag. 78. He dyed at Alexandria where he taught so saith Baronius Origenes Adamantius ORigenes Adamantius flourished say some vnder Gallus and Volusian others under Galienus and Valerian He was the son of Leonides and disciple of Clemens of Alexandria he first taught by way of Catechizing when he was but aged eighteen yeers and saith one of him Quemadmodum docuit sic vixit quemadmodum vixit sic docuit As he taught so he lived and as he lived so he taught When he was but a child he encouraged his father to continue constant in the Christian cause himself being forward to seal it with his own blood if his mother had not as Eusebius records prevented him in it Ierome in his Catalogue of Illustrious Writers relates this of him in commendation of his great learning that he read publike Lectures in these following sciences Logick Geometry Arithmetike Musick Grammer Rethorick and other Philosophicall disciplines When he was but a youth he would search very narrowly into the sence of the Holy Scriptures which his father Leonides observing would now and then gently reprove him in these or the like expressions Nequid supra aetatens quaeras Dive not into that mystery which is out of the reach of thy youthfull yeers to comprehend And yet coming to his bedside at night and uncovering his breast he would kindly kisse it judgeing himself most happy in this that he had so gracious a son Some write that he made himself an Eunuch for chastities sake Epiphanius records of him that he wrote 6000. volumes Opera ejus ascendunt ad sena millia librorum and t is Ieroms Quis nostrum tanta potest legere quanta ille conscripsit Which of ours can read so much as he hath written It s an ancient observation concerning this Father Origenes ubi bene Scripsit nemo melius ubi male nemo peius Where Origen wrote well 〈◊〉 wrote better where ill none worse Whence for some errors he is reckoned by some Authors in the number of Heriticks Vincentius Lyrinensis tels us Errorem Originis propter ejus tum doctrinam tum zelum magnam in Dei Ecclesia fuisse tentationem That the errour of Origen both for his learning and zeal was a great temptation in the the Church of God He was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 from the number of the books he did compile and set out which he ever writ standing Gregory saith that all the latter Doctors of the Church were much furthered by this mans works whence 't is said as it is in Suidas 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Origen the whet-stone of us all Ierome stiles him Sacrorum omnium expositorum victorem the victor of all sacred Expositors Erasmus Theologorum sine controversia principem of Divines the chief without controversie And Possevinus speaking of his works saith of them In qua parte probantur neminem post Apostolos habuit aequalem in them which are approved he had none after the Apostles his equal Yet however some there be that doe debase him Basil charges him that he had not a sound opinion of the Holy Ghost Ierome cals his opinions Venenata dogmata aliena Scripturis vim facientia Scripturis invenomed opinions erring from the Scriptures and doing them violence Causabon will have him accounted a Platonick Philosopher rather than a Divine Ribera stiles him Arii patrem aliarum heresew radicem the father of Arius and the root of all heresies out of Epiphanius He dyed at Tyre in the year of his age 69. Tertullian TErtullian of Carthage in Affrica first studied Philosophy and the Civil Law but afterwards addicted himself to the study of Theologie he was the son of a Centurion called Florens from the habit or garb of his body he was a man of admirable parts and most piercing wit excelling in the knowledge of the Greek and Latine tongues he flourished when Alexander Severus and Antonius Caracalla were Emperours At first he was a Priest at Rome where he continued to the midst of his years and then being driven thence he returned to Carthage where for a time he maintained the damnable opinion of the heretick Montanus but at last some say that he recanted and renounc'd it He waged many disputes with the Iews and with those detestable instruments of Satan

year of our Lord 444. after he had sate in the Chair of Alexandria 32 years Nicephorus tells us That this Cyrillus did exercise an hostile hatred against Chrysostome for no other cause but because he did dissent in his judgement from the opinion of his Uncle Theophilus Niceph. lib. 14. cap. 27. Anastasius calls him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Seal of the Faith of the Fathers Leo the Emperour equals him to Athanasius Basil Nazianzen Nyssen and Chrysostome for eminency of exploits as their fellow Constit 88. Nicephorus in his 14 Book and 14 Chapter speaks thus of him Ad certamina natum nullam prorsus haeresin grassari passum fuisse That being born for conflicts and debates he would not suffer any heresie to spred Bellarmine affords him this Elogie Cyrillus vir fuit sanctissimus doctissimus at praesertim circa mysterium incarnationis Dominica a Deo doctus Bell. de Script Eccl. pag. 210. Cyril was a most holy and most learned man but taught of God especially about the Mystery of our Lords Incarnation Johannes Chrysostomus IOhannes Chrysostomus whom Montacutius calls Patrum disertissimum in Scripturis enarrandis Graecorum principem The most eloquent of the Fathers and in the unfolding the Scriptures of the Greeks the chief was born at Antioch of a Noble Family his Parents names were Secundus and Anthusa so Sixtus Senensis tells us He learnt Rhetorick of Libanius and Philosophy of Andragathius and Theologie of Diodorus the Bishop of Tarsus He was a great admirer of Aristophanes whose Comedies he would usually put under his Pillow whence some say he suckt his admirable eloquence He made so great progress in his Studies that he was the wonder of all that heard him After he was baptized he altogether spent his time in searching the hidden sense of the Scriptures and first he was appointed Lecturer at Antioch and last of all Bishop of Constantinople having with that many Churches of Thrace Asia and Pontus committed to his jurisdiction He used great freedom of speech as one that would neither seek the favour nor dread the power of any He was much envied and hated by the false Brethren who made it their work to load this zealous man with slanders and reproaches especially Theophilus the Alexandrian Bishop who was indeed the cause of the dissention betwixt him and Epiphanius He was likewise persecuted by the Empresse Eudoxia which prevailed with her husband for his banishment but being recall'd again by Arcadius when it was expected he should become much more sparing and less bitter in his Sermons he persisted still in his reproving of the Empress whereat her husband much incensed exiled him again to Pontus where being surprised with an head-ache and falling ill of a Feaver he concluded his life in the year of Christ 407. The Elogies of this Father are transcendent Suidas thus applauds him Lingua ejus Nili cataractis uberior nemo certa ab omni aevo tanta dicendi copia affluxit quanta solus ille abundavit solus absque fuco aureum divinum illud nomen est consecutus Numerum scriptorum ejus recensere non est hominis sed Dei potius omnia scientis His tongue more plentifull than the sluces of Nilus never did any in all ages flow with so great a stream of eloquence as he alone hath abounded and he onely hath without falshood obtained that golden and divine Name To reckon up all his writings it is not in the reach of man but rather of God who knoweth all things Caussinus styles him Theatrum quoddam divinae eloquentiae in quo Deus abunde videri voluit quid possit vitae sanctitas cum vi dicendi conjuncta A certain Theatre of divine eloquence in whom God would abundantly manifest what sanctity of life was able to effect being joyned with the fo●…e of clocution Another allows him this Epithet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Golden-word Chrysostome Theoderet in Photius his Bibliotheca thus elevates this man O egregium post mortem ducem O Tristem etiam hostibus post sepulturam militem O Lyram omni harmonia praeditam morte jam solutam O Theatrum tanto Tibicine or batum c. O egregious Captain after death O Souldier sorrowful to thy enemies after burial O Harp endued with all harmony now broken by death O Theatre deprived of so great a Minstrel c. Sixtus Senensis speaking in the commendation of his Tongue he tells us That Libanius himself the Master of this Chrysostome did exceedingly admire the fluency and grace thereof and to that purpose he presents us with a shor● Epistle written to him by Libanius wherein he highly extolleth his Attick eloquence Leo Primus LEo Primus was by Nation an Italian born i● Thuscany and chosen Pope about the 3● year of Theodosius and the 16 of Valentinian He sate in the Chair near 21 years He procure a Council to be called by the Emperour Theodosius against the Heresie of Eutyches which had in that age spread it self and infected the Church of God but yet it so fell out by the subtilty of Dioscorus the present Bishop of Alexandria that this foul errour was rather strengthned in that Council than weakned and rather ratified than suppressed Among this mans Canons and Papal Decrees none is more worthy of praise than his Edict against self-seeking ambitious men who affect continually superiorities advancements He ordered that such should be deprived of all maner of dignities and preferments as well Offices of lower degree as higher and more sublime of inferiour ones for their pride because they had so scornfully despised them and of the higher ones for their presumption and ambition because they had so greedily affected them Sixtus Senensis styles this man In divinis Scripturis eruditissimum in declamandis homiliis facundissimum Most learned in the Scriptures and most eloquent in his Homilies He wrote many Epistles some to the Emperours others to Councils others to the Churches of divers Provinces but of them all that Epistle which he wrote to Flavianus Bishop of Constantinople wherein he impugned the blasphemous opinion of the Heretick Eutyches is preferred for its singular excellence Pareus speaking of his writings saith thus of them In scriptis ejus elucet summa vis Ingenii mira in repellendis haereticorum ictibus dexteritas There sparkleth in his writings a notable vigour of wit and a wonderful dexterity in repelling the strokes of Hereticks He laboured as many of his Predecessors had done before him for the Primacy of the Roman Chair but with much more craft and cunning whence Chamierus gives him this suitable character Leo Magnus primus fuit Episcopus Romanus quidem ambitiosissimus When Attilus King of the Hunnes fell in upon Italy and wasted most part of it and was approaching with his bloody Army to Rome it self with a full purpose to destroy it this man with one of the Consuls and part of the Senate wen● forth to meet him