that_o so_o the_o bishop_n may_v apply_v themselves_o entire_o to_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o office_n these_o steward_n be_v likewise_o necessary_a for_o preserve_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n which_o the_o bishop_n and_o other_o church_n man_n do_v not_o employ_v according_a to_o the_o canon_n but_o because_o they_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n they_o relapse_v again_o into_o the_o same_o abuse_n &_o the_o poor_a have_v cause_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o same_o bishop_n who_o give_v they_o but_o a_o very_a inconsiderable_a share_n of_o the_o good_n that_o be_v destine_v for_o their_o use_n upon_o all_o these_o account_v the_o father_n of_o the_o council_n of_o chalcedon_n decree_v that_o for_o the_o future_a the_o steward_n shall_v be_v choose_v from_o among_o the_o clergy_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v no_o long_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o bishop_n themselves_o to_o administer_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n that_o office_n become_v so_o considerable_a in_o the_o church_n of_o constantinople_n that_o the_o emperor_n take_v from_o the_o clergy_n the_o nomination_n of_o the_o steward_n and_o appoint_v they_o themselves_o and_o this_o last_v until_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n isaac_n comnenus_n who_o remit_v that_o right_n to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o patriarch_n the_o power_n of_o steward_n be_v not_o so_o great_a in_o the_o western_a church_n east_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o western_a church_n diâ—â—ers_v from_o that_o of_o the_o east_n as_o in_o the_o eastern_a for_o see_v the_o bishop_n and_o other_o ecclesiastic_n do_v not_o according_a to_o equity_n distribute_v the_o church_n revenue_n and_o that_o beside_o the_o church_n be_v mean_o endow_v there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o make_v a_o particular_a designation_n of_o the_o use_n to_o which_o these_o rent_n be_v to_o be_v employ_v and_o that_o be_v adjust_v in_o this_o manner_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o bishop_n with_o consent_n of_o his_o clergy_n shall_v divide_v the_o whole_a revenue_n of_o his_o church_n into_o four_o part_n of_o which_o the_o first_o shall_v be_v for_o himself_o the_o second_o give_v to_o the_o churchman_n the_o three_o to_o the_o poor_a and_o the_o four_o and_o last_o apply_v to_o the_o fabric_n of_o the_o church_n 23._o church_n gratian_n cause_n 12._o qâ—â—â—_n 2._o cap._n 23._o gratian_n relate_v a_o letter_n of_o pope_n zosimus_n direct_v to_o a_o archdeacon_n where_o that_o distribution_n be_v mention_v but_o without_o permit_v the_o rent_n of_o the_o church_n to_o be_v dismember_v as_o some_o church_n man_n pretend_v who_o will_v have_v have_v land_n assign_v they_o for_o their_o portion_n st._n gregory_n answer_v some_o question_n that_o be_v put_v to_o he_o by_o austin_n the_o english_a bishop_n confirm_v that_o dividend_n pope_n st._n greg._n pope_n which_o have_v be_v already_o approve_v by_o several_a other_o pope_n and_o withal_o appoint_v that_o the_o bishop_n portion_n shall_v not_o only_o be_v for_o himself_o but_o for_o as_o many_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o retinue_n and_o for_o maintain_v hospitality_n the_o bishop_n wrangle_v with_o their_o clergy_n about_o that_o distribution_n pretend_v that_o they_o have_v no_o right_n to_o the_o new_a acquisition_n of_o the_o church_n church_n a_o dispute_n about_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n but_o the_o same_o pope_n st._n gregory_n adjust_v the_o matter_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n the_o priest_n pretend_v far_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v two_o part_n of_o the_o share_n that_o be_v assign_v to_o the_o clergy_n and_o that_o the_o other_o churchman_n ought_v to_o have_v but_o a_o three_o of_o the_o same_o that_o matter_n be_v refer_v to_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v to_o give_v to_o every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o merit_n and_o pain_n nevertheless_o st._n gregory_n who_o in_o that_o follow_v a_o law_n establish_v in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o west_n write_v to_o austin_n concern_v the_o discipline_n that_o he_o be_v to_o observe_v in_o england_n tell_v he_o that_o it_o be_v more_o convenient_a to_o persist_v in_o the_o community_n of_o good_n in_o the_o church_n of_o england_n than_o to_o introduce_v into_o it_o those_o kind_n of_o dividend_n and_o indeed_o it_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o discourse_n that_o the_o divide_v of_o ecclesiastical_a revenue_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o most_o of_o the_o disorder_n that_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o church_n and_o i_o dare_v bold_o affirm_v that_o the_o thing_n that_o have_v preserve_v a_o great_a purity_n of_o the_o ancient_a discipline_n in_o the_o eastern_a church_n have_v be_v chief_o that_o the_o oriental_n never_o make_v any_o such_o partition_n none_o but_o the_o western_a church_n have_v put_v the_o estate_n of_o the_o church_n into_o title_n and_o live_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o private_a person_n be_v the_o absolute_a master_n of_o those_o estate_n the_o barbarous_a prince_n church_n a_o change_n of_o discipline_n in_o the_o church_n who_o seize_v part_n of_o the_o empire_n bring_v great_a change_n into_o the_o church_n and_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o canon_n be_v only_o preserve_v in_o the_o east_n the_o greek_n nevertheless_o have_v sometime_o remit_v certain_a ecclesiastical_a right_n in_o favour_n of_o their_o prince_n but_o that_o be_v nothing_o if_o compare_v with_o what_o have_v be_v do_v under_o the_o barbarous_a prince_n in_o the_o west_n the_o steward_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v steward_n the_o office_n of_o the_o steward_n take_v upon_o they_o not_o only_o the_o care_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n by_o order_n of_o the_o bishop_n but_o also_o preserve_v they_o during_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o see_v and_o distribute_v they_o among_o those_o to_o who_o by_o right_a and_o according_a to_o the_o canon_n they_o belong_v but_o because_o most_o part_n of_o the_o churchman_n have_v estate_n of_o their_o own_o either_o by_o inheritance_n or_o purchase_n that_o they_o have_v make_v there_o arise_v great_a difficulty_n upon_o their_o death_n about_o the_o distinguish_n of_o those_o estate_n some_o there_o be_v that_o pretend_a that_o those_o who_o live_v on_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n can_v not_o in_o conscience_n retain_v their_o own_o inheritance_n st._n jerom_n who_o be_v of_o that_o opinion_n jerom._n st._n jerom._n be_v positive_a that_o the_o good_n of_o the_o church_n be_v design_v for_o the_o poor_a which_o agree_v very_o well_o with_o the_o edict_n of_o constantine_n that_o prohibit_v the_o rich_a to_o enter_v into_o any_o office_n of_o the_o church_n estate_n whether_o churchman_n can_v keep_v their_o own_o estate_n though_o he_o do_v it_o upon_o politic_a reason_n and_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o state_n most_o of_o the_o other_o father_n be_v also_o of_o st._n jeroms_n mind_n austin_n st._n austin_n and_o st._n austin_n admit_v no_o clerk_n into_o his_o church_n till_o first_o he_o have_v dispose_v of_o all_o his_o good_n either_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o poor_a or_o by_o sale_n he_o be_v for_o have_v all_o clerk_n real_o poor_a in_o imitation_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o for_o live_v altogether_o in_o common_a upon_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o he_o do_v not_o require_v that_o of_o they_o but_o as_o a_o great_a perfection_n and_o that_o he_o never_o think_v it_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o enter_v into_o order_n and_o enjoy_v the_o allowance_n of_o the_o church_n that_o one_o must_v possess_v nothing_o at_o all_o otherwise_o he_o must_v have_v go_v against_o the_o ancient_a canon_n which_o leave_v churchman_n at_o liberty_n to_o dispose_v of_o their_o own_o estate_n as_o they_o please_v it_o be_v true_a these_o canon_n be_v make_v in_o the_o eastern_a church_n where_o most_o of_o the_o bishop_n have_v be_v marry_v before_o their_o election_n have_v wife_n and_o child_n to_o provide_v for_o and_o where_o priest_n and_o deacon_n may_v marry_v if_o they_o please_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o reasonable_a to_o take_v their_o estate_n from_o they_o beside_o it_o must_v be_v consider_v that_o when_o these_o canon_n be_v make_v church_n be_v but_o â—oor_a nay_o and_o some_o time_n after_o constantine_n no_o church_n but_o those_o of_o great_a city_n be_v rich._n however_o these_o ancient_a canon_n of_o the_o eastern_a church_n be_v 3._o be_v caus_n 12._o quaest_n 3._o renew_v in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o west_n though_o they_o have_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o do_v it_o churchman_n be_v only_o prohibit_v to_o bequeath_v by_o will_n the_o good_n which_o they_o have_v get_v in_o their_o live_n because_o believer_n do_v not_o give_v to_o church_n only_o to_o enrich_v the_o churchman_n if_o it_o happen_v nevertheless_o that_o the_o bishop_n die_v without_o make_v a_o will_n and_o have_v no_o heir_n
of_o prevention_n beside_o the_o pope_n who_o daily_o derogate_v from_o the_o rule_n de_fw-fr viginti_fw-la diebus_fw-la to_o favour_n resignee_n do_v never_o derogate_v from_o it_o in_o prejudice_n of_o cardinal_n in_o respect_n of_o church_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o ordinary_a collator_n and_o that_o be_v a_o privilege_n singular_a to_o they_o neither_o be_v they_o subject_n to_o the_o indult_n or_o privilege_n of_o the_o menber_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n so_o that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o bestow_v upon_o the_o indultee_n or_o privilege_v the_o benefice_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o collator_n because_o they_o have_v a_o grant_v from_o the_o pope_n which_o give_v they_o power_n of_o dispose_n of_o their_o benefice_n to_o who_o and_o in_o what_o manner_n they_o please_v nevertheless_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n have_v sometime_o pronounce_v sentence_n contrary_a to_o those_o privilege_n of_o cardinal_n and_o have_v favour_v the_o indultee_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o nomination_n of_o the_o king_n who_o they_o think_v aught_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o indultee_n of_o cardinal_n in_o fine_a the_o common_a rule_n which_o say_v that_o secular_a benefice_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o secular_o and_o regular_a to_o regulars_n be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o respect_n of_o cardinal_n who_o beneficia_fw-la who_o habent_fw-la os_fw-la apertum_fw-la ad_fw-la omne_fw-la beneficia_fw-la in_o that_o quality_n can_v receive_v all_o kind_n of_o benefice_n to_o have_v explain_v the_o right_n of_o the_o pope_n in_o france_n in_o respect_n of_o beneficial_a matter_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o discover_v full_o wherein_o the_o ancient_a canon_n law_n be_v abrogate_a which_o give_v bishop_n absolute_a power_n in_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n we_o must_v beside_o that_o examine_v the_o right_n of_o other_o collator_n and_o patro_fw-la we_o whether_o ecclesiastic_a or_o laic_a in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v the_o right_n of_o all_o who_o be_v in_o present_a possession_n of_o provide_v to_o benefice_n in_o what_o manner_n soever_o it_o be_v it_o will_v seem_v that_o none_o have_v more_o reason_n to_o challenge_v that_o right_n chapter_n the_o right_n of_o chapter_n than_o the_o chapter_n of_o cathedral_n church_n for_o as_o heretofore_o they_o make_v but_o one_o body_n with_o the_o bishop_n and_o be_v of_o their_o council_n so_o they_o have_v some_o share_n in_o the_o jurisdiction_n wherefore_o when_o the_o revenue_n be_v separate_v at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v especial_o the_o gratuitous_a jurisdiction_n or_o the_o right_n of_o provide_v to_o benefice_n and_o i_o take_v that_o to_o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o chapter_n be_v at_o present_a the_o collator_n of_o some_o benefice_n separately_z from_o their_o bishop_n they_o have_v even_o make_v certain_a law_n among_o themselves_o which_o be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n every_o canon_n present_v by_o turn_n to_o benefice_n that_o become_v vacant_a in_o his_o week_n or_o in_o the_o time_n that_o have_v be_v allot_v he_o in_o the_o dividend_n which_o they_o have_v make_v among_o themselves_o beside_o that_o dignify_v canon_n can_v provide_v to_o benefice_n that_o depend_v on_o their_o dignity_n whether_o in_o particular_a or_o joint_o with_o other_o dignitary_n wherein_o the_o custom_n observe_v in_o every_o chapter_n be_v follow_v care_n be_v to_o be_v take_v though_o that_o all_o sort_n of_o custom_n be_v not_o authorize_v for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o canon_n have_v make_v agreement_n among_o themselves_o which_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o right_n of_o private_a person_n and_o there_o be_v but_o few_o that_o mind_n that_o bishop_n can_v call_v into_o question_n that_o right_o of_o chapter_n employment_n the_o original_a of_o personage_n and_o dignity_n without_o employment_n since_o they_o have_v agree_v on_o both_o side_n by_o transaction_n which_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o make_v but_o that_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o a_o very_a great_a corruption_n which_o have_v establish_v in_o the_o church_n benefice_n without_o any_o employment_n for_o the_o canon_n be_v not_o only_o separate_v from_o their_o bishop_n but_o they_o have_v beside_o every_o one_o take_v his_o revenue_n in_o particular_a and_o mind_v the_o management_n of_o it_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o many_o office_n which_o be_v necessary_a whilst_o the_o revenue_n be_v in_o common_a be_v become_v useless_a and_o instead_o of_o suppress_v they_o they_o be_v erect_v into_o benefice_n which_o be_v call_v dignity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v sine-cure_n or_o benefice_n without_o office_n i_o shall_v here_o give_v some_o instance_n of_o they_o that_o the_o original_a of_o these_o dignity_n or_o benefice_n may_v be_v know_v of_o which_o the_o titular_o for_o most_o part_n be_v uncertain_a whether_o or_o not_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o reside_v on_o their_o benefice_n i_o reckon_v then_o among_o these_o dignity_n the_o provostship_n of_o st._n martin_n of_o tours_n which_o be_v pretty_a numerous_a these_o provostship_n be_v heretofore_o possess_v by_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o chapter_n who_o be_v choose_v to_o take_v the_o care_n of_o the_o temporal_a of_o the_o church_n and_o see_v the_o revenue_n of_o that_o church_n be_v in_o several_a place_n the_o care_n of_o they_o be_v commit_v to_o different_a person_n who_o have_v several_o the_o management_n of_o the_o rent_n of_o their_o distinct_a quarter_n and_o because_o of_o that_o they_o be_v call_v praeposiâ—i_n whence_o the_o name_n of_o provost_n be_v derive_v but_o since_o the_o canon_n take_v the_o care_n of_o their_o rent_n every_o one_o in_o particular_a these_o office_n be_v become_v useless_a nevertheless_o they_o be_v still_o retain_v and_o be_v now_o call_v dignity_n or_o simple_a benefice_n whereof_o the_o titular_o can_v be_v oblige_v to_o residence_n as_o heretofore_o they_o be_v because_o the_o obligation_n to_o reside_v proceed_v not_o from_o the_o office_n of_o provost_n but_o of_o the_o canonship_n which_o they_o enjoy_v with_o their_o provostship_n that_o be_v not_o then_o a_o benefice_n but_o mere_o a_o commission_n or_o office_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n also_o ought_v we_o to_o consider_v the_o dignity_n of_o treasurer_n in_o several_a cathedral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o in_o all_o likelihood_n be_v but_o a_o office_n that_o consist_v in_o take_v care_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n and_o be_v at_o present_a a_o benefice_n without_o office_n which_o be_v call_v a_o dignity_n of_o honour_n because_o it_o be_v only_o by_o custom_n that_o it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o dignity_n there_o be_v none_o but_o the_o title_n of_o archpriest_n and_o archdeacon_n that_o be_v dignity_n of_o right_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n which_o they_o have_v retain_v it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o all_o other_o dignity_n or_o sine-cure_a parsonage_n &_o therefore_o i_o shall_v insist_v no_o more_o on_o that_o subject_a i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o several_a person_n do_v in_o some_o manner_n enjoy_v two_o benenefice_n though_o they_o be_v not_o reckon_v among_o those_o who_o possess_v plurality_n of_o live_n the_o dean_n for_o instance_n of_o cathedral_n church_n and_o the_o chief_a dignitary_n of_o collegiate_n church_n have_v double_a the_o revenue_n of_o the_o other_o canon_n though_o they_o be_v no_o more_o in_o effect_n but_o canon_n as_o the_o rest_n be_v and_o have_v nothing_o over_o they_o but_o a_o prerogative_n of_o honour_n but_o custom_n which_o have_v make_v that_o and_o many_o such_o other_o practice_n familiar_a to_o we_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o they_o be_v not_o reckon_v in_o the_o number_n of_o those_o who_o have_v several_a benefice_n beside_o they_o may_v allege_v for_o their_o justification_n the_o word_n of_o st._n paul_n who_o say_v that_o the_o elder_n who_o rule_v well_o be_v count_v worthy_a of_o double_a honour_n 5.17_o 1_o tim._n 5.17_o after_o all_o if_o the_o chapter_n challenge_v no_o more_o to_o themselves_o in_o beneficial_a matter_n but_o the_o right_n whereof_o we_o have_v be_v speak_v bishop_n will_v have_v no_o cause_n to_o complain_v of_o they_o but_o there_o be_v some_o who_o have_v attempt_v upon_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o same_o bishop_n and_o pretend_v to_o a_o episcopal_a jurisdiction_n as_o well_o as_o they_o you_o shall_v see_v canon_n who_o have_v rather_o out_o of_o vanity_n than_o necessity_n a_o great_a vicar_n a_o official_a and_o other_o necessary_a officer_n for_o exercise_v episcopal_a jurisdiction_n as_o if_o they_o have_v a_o diocese_n to_o govern_v most_o part_n of_o chapter_n beside_o pretend_v to_o â—e_v exempt_v from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o their_o bishop_n and_o have_v a_o little_a territory_n depend_v on_o they_o in_o regard_n of_o which_o they_o exercise_v the_o function_n of_o episcopal_a jurisdiction_n and_o hold_v the_o place_n of_o inferior_a ordinary_a prelate_n which_o be_v
to_o say_v pay_v the_o physician_n now_o see_v the_o priesthood_n be_v a_o real_a employment_n and_o divine_a function_n st._n paul_n have_v reason_n to_o give_v it_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n which_o proper_o belong_v to_o the_o magistrate_n of_o state_n the_o church_n have_v not_o only_o imitate_v the_o synagogue_n in_o the_o way_n of_o distribute_v its_o charity_n but_o also_o church_n the_o original_a of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o church_n have_v follow_v the_o discipline_n observe_v among_o the_o jew_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o minister_n the_o synagogue_n be_v compose_v of_o a_o ruler_n of_o the_o synagogue_n which_o the_o hellenist_n jew_n call_v archisynagogus_a priest_n or_o elder_n and_o deacon_n and_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o apostle_n establish_v in_o christian_a assembly_n those_o three_o sort_n of_o minister_n under_o the_o name_n of_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n the_o bishop_n in_o these_o assembly_n have_v the_o same_o honour_n as_o the_o ruler_n of_o the_o synagogue_n among_o the_o jew_n have_v in_o their_o synagogue_n the_o superiority_n of_o the_o ruler_n of_o the_o synagogue_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o priest_n or_o elder_n consist_v only_o in_o some_o title_n of_o honour_n as_o be_v the_o chief_a among_o their_o brethren_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v all_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o priest_n or_o elder_n in_o the_o hundred_o and_o seven_o psalm_n where_o we_o have_v these_o word_n 107.32_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d psal_n 107.32_o let_v they_o also_o exalt_v he_o in_o the_o congregation_n of_o the_o people_n and_o praise_v he_o in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o elder_n which_o be_v the_o place_n of_o their_o meeting_n so_o we_o find_v in_o the_o new_a testament_n that_o the_o name_n of_o priest_n and_o bishop_n be_v indifferent_o take_v the_o one_o for_o the_o other_o and_o that_o assembly_n or_o council_n of_o the_o elder_n which_o be_v call_v presbyterium_fw-la consist_v of_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o priest_n or_o elder_n the_o bishop_n or_o precedent_n as_o the_o ancient_a father_n speak_v have_v indeed_o the_o chief_a direction_n or_o superintendency_n from_o whence_o he_o be_v call_v bishop_n which_o word_n be_v also_o find_v in_o the_o greek_a of_o the_o septuagint_n or_o hellenist_n but_o he_o make_v up_o but_o one_o body_n with_o the_o elder_n or_o priest_n who_o in_o quality_n of_o judge_n have_v their_o jurisdiction_n joint_o with_o he_o hence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o church_n the_o management_n of_o affair_n and_o the_o jurisdiction_n which_o be_v now_o call_v episcopal_a do_v not_o depend_v on_o the_o bishop_n alone_o no_o more_o than_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o offering_n but_o on_o the_o whole_a senate_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o this_o continue_a so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v but_o one_o church_n in_o every_o city_n one_o altar_n and_o one_o consistory_n of_o priest_n join_v to_o their_o bishop_n because_o it_o be_v not_o easy_a then_o for_o the_o bishop_n to_o become_v master_n of_o the_o whole_a jurisdiction_n and_o administration_n of_o the_o revenue_n but_o so_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o church_n bishop_n the_o original_a of_o the_o great_a authority_n of_o bishop_n there_o be_v some_o cause_n to_o fear_n lest_o those_o who_o govern_v the_o new_a church_n may_v attribute_v to_o themselves_o the_o quality_n of_o bishop_n find_v themselves_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o particular_a church_n and_o therefore_o the_o bishop_n begin_v to_o take_v to_o themselves_o authority_n over_o they_o for_o which_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o appoint_v that_o there_o shall_v be_v but_o one_o bishop_n in_o every_o city_n on_o who_o the_o elder_n or_o priest_n shall_v depend_v who_o be_v to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n of_o the_o new_a erect_a church_n which_o be_v call_v title_n st._n i_o strong_o maintain_v this_o opinion_n in_o his_o commentary_n on_o the_o epistle_n of_o st._n paul_n to_o titus_n where_o he_o affirm_v that_o before_o this_o division_n each_o church_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o common_a council_n of_o the_o priest_n but_o that_o for_o avoid_v all_o occasion_n of_o schism_n one_o of_o these_o priest_n or_o elder_n be_v choose_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o care_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n he_o pretend_v that_o the_o name_n of_o priest_n and_o bishop_n do_v not_o at_o all_o differ_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o that_o therefore_o st._n paul_n make_v use_v of_o they_o indifferent_o then_o he_o subjoin_v tit._n subjoin_v episcopi_fw-la noverint_fw-la se_fw-la magis_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la quam_fw-la dispositionis_fw-la dominicae_fw-la veritate_fw-la presbyteris_fw-la esse_fw-la majores_fw-la hieron_n come_v in_o epâ—st_n ad_fw-la tit._n that_o it_o be_v only_a custom_n which_o have_v make_v bishop_n great_a than_o priest_n and_o this_o may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o st._n paul_n who_o write_v to_o the_o church_n under_o the_o name_n of_o elder_n comprehend_v both_o bishop_n and_o priest_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v however_o that_o the_o church_n be_v increase_v have_v borrow_v many_o term_n and_o point_n of_o government_n from_o the_o republic_n of_o greece_n and_o that_o when_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o erect_v diocese_n it_o have_v in_o that_o follow_v the_o distinction_n of_o province_n according_a as_o they_o be_v establish_v in_o the_o empire_n commencement_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o church_n in_o its_o commencement_n the_o church_n which_o in_o its_o commencement_n allow_v much_o to_o the_o people_n grow_v afterward_o more_o aristocratical_a in_o its_o government_n when_o by_o experience_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o multitude_n of_o people_n serve_v only_o to_o confound_v and_o perplex_v affair_n and_o then_o the_o polity_n of_o aristocratick_a republic_n come_v in_o vogue_n nay_o we_o find_v in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o the_o apostle_n two_o sort_n of_o assembly_n as_o well_o as_o in_o republic_n the_o one_o be_v compose_v of_o the_o chief_a among_o the_o believer_n and_o be_v call_v ecclesia_fw-la the_o other_o admit_v all_o indifferent_o and_o that_o the_o republic_n of_o asia_n name_v agoraia_n which_o they_o have_v always_o distinguish_v from_o the_o assembly_n that_o they_o name_v ecclesia_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o name_n of_o ecclesia_fw-la or_o church_n have_v still_o be_v give_v to_o christian_a congregation_n and_o constant_o retain_v by_o the_o greek_n who_o make_v the_o first_o ecclesiastical_a law_n from_o whence_o it_o have_v be_v derive_v to_o the_o latin_n who_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o greek_n for_o all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a polity_n that_o be_v settle_v in_o the_o first_o age_n in_o this_o sense_n we_o ought_v to_o interpret_v the_o word_n of_o celsum_fw-la of_o origen_n contra_fw-la celsum_fw-la origen_n concern_v the_o form_n of_o church-government_n which_o he_o explain_v with_o relation_n to_o the_o greek_a republic_n the_o athenian_n for_o instance_n call_v those_o bishop_n to_o who_o they_o commit_v the_o care_n of_o the_o town_n that_o depend_v on_o their_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v long_o before_o the_o church_n own_v any_o other_o name_n but_o that_o of_o bishop_n to_o distinguish_v he_o who_o have_v the_o principal_a administration_n nay_o when_o it_o be_v even_o necessary_a to_o denote_v a_o bishop_n who_o have_v jurisdiction_n over_o other_o she_o call_v those_o bishop_n apost_n bishop_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d can._n 33_o apost_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o a_o nation_n or_o make_v use_v of_o some_o other_o expression_n without_o invent_v new_a word_n we_o find_v nevertheless_o the_o name_n of_o metropolitan_a in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a but_o the_o greek_n who_o language_n be_v fruitful_a in_o new_a word_n invent_v a_o great_a many_o to_o express_v the_o different_a office_n of_o the_o ecclesiastic_a state_n which_o be_v not_o so_o soon_o bring_v into_o use_n in_o the_o latin_a church_n the_o name_n of_o archbishop_n primate_n and_o patriarch_n be_v but_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o external_n jurisdiction_n whereas_o the_o quality_n of_o bishop_n and_o that_o also_o of_o elder_a or_o priest_n priest_n the_o original_a of_o the_o ordination_n of_o bishop_n and_o priest_n be_v a_o character_n that_o mark_v the_o ordination_n which_o the_o apostle_n borrow_v from_o the_o synagogue_n that_o choose_v its_o minister_n by_o the_o imposition_n of_o hand_n in_o that_o manner_n moses_n lay_v his_o hand_n on_o joshua_n and_o the_o other_o elder_n who_o be_v present_o fill_v with_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o if_o we_o will_v credit_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o rabbi_n the_o power_n of_o impose_v of_o hand_n belong_v not_o only_o to_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o sanhedrim_n but_o also_o to_o the_o other_o elder_n which_o seem_v likewise_o to_o be_v confirm_v by_o st._n jerom_n evagr_n jerom_n hier._n in_o episi_n ad_fw-la
the_o tithe_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a revenue_n altar_n a_o distinction_n betwixt_o the_o church_n and_o the_o altar_n which_o they_o possess_v but_o most_o of_o these_o restitution_n be_v only_o make_v to_o cathedral_n church_n and_o monastery_n though_o the_o good_n belong_v to_o private_a church_n now_o see_v the_o church_n at_o that_o time_n be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o altar_n monastery_n retain_v the_o church_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o land_n tithe_n and_o other_o revenue_n but_o because_o the_o right_n of_o provide_v these_o altar_n belong_v to_o the_o bishop_n it_o behove_v the_o monk_n to_o obtain_v from_o they_o that_o which_o be_v call_v 〈…〉_o call_v 〈…〉_o the_o redemption_n of_o altar_n godefroi_n of_o vendome_n and_o other_o author_n of_o the_o same_o age_n make_v mention_n of_o that_o right_n beside_o the_o council_n of_o clairmont_n ordain_v that_o the_o altar_n which_o have_v be_v give_v to_o chapter_n or_o monastery_n by_o the_o vicar_n who_o they_o call_v parâ—ons_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o bishop_n unless_o the_o bishop_n have_v confirm_v in_o write_v the_o donation_n make_v to_o the_o chapter_n and_o monastery_n to_o obtain_v this_o confirmation_n from_o the_o bishop_n a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n be_v require_v and_o this_o abuse_n cause_v another_o for_o private_a man_n will_v alse_o have_v church_n of_o which_o they_o receiveâ—_n the_o profit_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o canonâ—_n and_o monk_n and_o have_v the_o cure_n supply_v by_o vicar_n there_o be_v no_o necessity_n that_o they_o who_o be_v provide_v with_o such_o altar_n shall_v be_v priest_n see_v they_o substitute_v vicar_n in_o their_o place_n john_n oâ—_n salisbury_n condemn_v that_o abuse_n emolumenta_fw-la abuse_n nolunt_fw-la sacerdotio_fw-la enerari_fw-la of_o it_o servire_fw-la a_o 〈…〉_o de_fw-fr altario_fw-la vivunt_fw-la sed_fw-la personatus_fw-la qiosdam_fw-la introduxerunt_fw-la quorum_fw-la jure_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la overa_fw-it ad_fw-la alium_fw-la reseruntur_fw-la emolumenta_fw-la and_o can_v endure_v that_o those_o that_o do_v noâ—_n wait_v at_o the_o altar_n shall_v partake_v with_o the_o altar_n apply_v to_o themselves_o the_o revenue_n of_o church_n without_o render_v any_o service_n to_o the_o same_o church_n yvel_o bishop_n of_o chartres_n complain_v likewise_o of_o that_o corruption_n in_o a_o letter_n to_o pope_n vrban_n ii_o wherein_o he_o lay_v open_v the_o baâ—_n custom_n that_o be_v in_o france_n in_o respect_n of_o such_o personage_n which_o have_v be_v authorise_v by_o the_o bishop_n his_o predecessor_n qui_fw-la altari_fw-la non_fw-la serviunt_fw-la say_v he_o de_fw-fr altari_fw-la vivunt_fw-la à _fw-la quo_fw-la sacrilegio_fw-la cum_fw-la eos_fw-la absterrere_fw-la velim_fw-la monedo_fw-la increpando_fw-la excommunicando_fw-la altaria_fw-la à _fw-la i_o redimere_fw-la volunt_fw-la sub_fw-la nomine_fw-la personae_fw-la sicut_fw-la a_o predecessoribus_fw-la meis_fw-la ex_fw-la prava_fw-la consuetudine_fw-la redemerunt_fw-la pope_n vrban_n indeed_o condemn_v that_o abuse_n in_o a_o council_n hold_v at_o clairmont_n to_o hinder_v the_o simony_n that_o bishop_n commit_v in_o sell_v altar_n but_o it_o seem_v that_o they_o who_o have_v buy_v they_o from_o the_o bishop_n gain_v by_o their_o simony_n for_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o that_o council_n that_o such_o as_o have_v for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o year_n enjoy_v these_o altar_n shall_v not_o be_v molest_v for_o the_o future_a and_o that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v exact_v no_o more_o from_o they_o but_o the_o due_a which_o they_o call_v redemptio_fw-la altarium_fw-la pope_n pascal_n successor_n to_o vrban_n confirm_v the_o same_o decree_n in_o one_o of_o his_o epistle_n to_o yves_n bishop_n of_o chartres_n and_o ranulphus_fw-la bishop_n of_o xantes_n wherein_o he_o speak_v to_o they_o in_o these_o term_n ipsi_fw-la arvernensi_fw-la concilio_fw-la adfuistis_fw-la in_fw-la quo_fw-la praesidente_fw-la praedecessore_fw-la nostro_fw-la bonae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la papâ_fw-la vrbano_fw-la consentientibus_fw-la galliarum_n episcopis_fw-la decretum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la altaria_fw-la quae_fw-la ab_fw-la annis_fw-la triginta_fw-la sub_fw-la vicariorum_fw-la redemptione_n monasteria_fw-la possedisse_fw-la noscuntur_fw-la quietè_fw-la deinceps_fw-la &_o sine_fw-la molestiâ_fw-la qualibet_fw-la monasteriis_fw-la ipsis_fw-la firma_fw-la permaneant_fw-la in_o this_o manner_n do_v monastery_n and_o chapter_n who_o be_v also_o comprehend_v in_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o clairmont_n retain_v to_o perpetuity_n several_a altar_n which_o do_v not_o all_o belong_v to_o they_o and_o they_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n exempt_v from_o pay_v to_o the_o bishop_n the_o usual_a due_n that_o be_v pay_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o vicar_n for_o obtain_v liberty_n to_o put_v other_o vicar_n in_o their_o place_n it_o have_v be_v i_o think_v more_o convenient_a and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o ancient_a canon_n to_o have_v leave_v the_o power_n of_o provide_v for_o altar_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o to_o prove_v that_o that_o right_o belong_v to_o they_o when_o laic_n be_v force_v to_o restore_v to_o the_o church_n the_o tithe_n and_o other_o church_n revenue_n which_o they_o possess_v it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o council_n of_o melfi_n under_o pope_n vrlan_n ii_o that_o no_o laic_a shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o give_v to_o monastery_n or_o chapter_n tithe_n church_n or_o other_o ecclesiastical_a right_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o place_n or_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o pope_n but_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o bishop_n abuse_v their_o power_n and_o permit_v chapter_n and_o monastery_n to_o receive_v these_o right_n from_o laic_n on_o condition_n of_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o bishop_n for_o grant_v liberty_n of_o establish_v priest_n or_o vicar_n who_o may_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o spiritual_a care_n of_o church_n these_o decree_n of_o the_o pope_n that_o be_v back_v with_o excommunication_n frighten_v many_o laic_n who_o instead_o of_o restore_v the_o church_n revenue_n to_o private_a church_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v restore_v they_o to_o chapter_n and_o monastery_n with_o the_o permission_n of_o the_o bishop_n the_o layman_n like_v it_o much_o better_a to_o restore_v the_o tithe_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a revenue_n to_o chapter_n and_o monastery_n from_o who_o they_o get_v money_n than_o to_o private_a church_n which_o have_v none_o to_o give_v and_o therefore_o council_n decree_v that_o these_o restitution_n shall_v not_o be_v make_v without_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n thereby_o to_o prevent_v all_o compact_n or_o agreement_n betwixt_o laic_n and_o ecclesiastical_a community_n there_o be_v nevertheless_o a_o great_a many_o laic_n whâ—â—_n be_v not_o startle_v at_o the_o excommunication_n of_o gregory_n vii_o and_o other_o succeed_a pope_n but_o notwithstanding_o they_o keep_v still_o the_o tithe_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a revenue_n they_o do_v more_o for_o they_o institute_v priest_n to_o take_v care_n oâ—_n soul_n without_o expect_v the_o institution_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o that_o be_v thâ—â—_n cause_n why_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n under_o alexander_n iii_o decree_v 14._o decree_v con._n late_a iii_o cap._n 14._o thâ—â—_n clerk_n or_o priest_n that_o shall_v take_v upon_o they_o the_o government_n of_o church_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o laic_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o place_n shall_v 〈◊〉_d excommunicate_v and_o that_o if_o they_o persist_v they_o shall_v be_v depose_v from_o their_o ministry_n nevertheless_o the_o pope_n suffer_v layman_n still_o to_o enjoy_v the_o tither_n of_o church_n whereof_o they_o be_v in_o possession_n but_o they_o grant_v chapter_n and_o monastery_n privilege_n to_o geâ—_n they_o out_o of_o their_o hand_n even_o when_o the_o bishop_n will_v not_o consent_v to_o itâ—_n these_o kind_n of_o privilege_n which_o be_v easy_o obtain_v from_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n bring_v in_o great_a revenue_n to_o chapter_n and_o monastery_n who_o put_v secular_a priest_n into_o the_o government_n of_o church_n allow_v they_o such_o moderate_a stipend_n that_o the_o pope_n be_v oblige_v to_o condemn_v that_o avarice_n of_o the_o canon_n and_o monk_n who_o deny_v priest_n even_o a_o necessary_a subsistence_n the_o vast_a rent_n that_o monastery_n enjoy_v give_v umbrage_n to_o the_o bishop_n canon_n and_o to_o prince_n themselves_o to_o who_o it_o be_v represent_v that_o most_o part_n of_o these_o revenue_n ought_v rather_o to_o belong_v to_o secular_a priest_n who_o serve_v the_o cure_n than_o to_o monk_n who_o by_o their_o profession_n be_v exclude_v from_o all_o ecclesiastical_a function_n but_o see_v the_o monk_n have_v take_v advantage_n of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o secular_a priest_n and_o that_o the_o government_n of_o most_o church_n be_v commit_v to_o they_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a task_n to_o turn_v they_o out_o and_o to_o re-establish_a secular_a priest_n in_o church_n and_o therefore_o there_o happen_v great_a contest_v betwixt_o the_o canon_n and_o monk_n especial_o in_o england_n where_o the_o monk_n have_v deprive_v the_o
of_o that_o subjuct_n and_o it_o be_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o i_o have_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n neither_o of_o the_o original_a of_o tithe_n because_o it_o have_v be_v also_o well_o enough_o handle_v by_o fra._n paolo_n all_o man_n be_v sufficient_o persuade_v that_o under_o the_o first_o race_n of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n that_o nation_n have_v no_o recourse_n to_o rome_n for_o regulate_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n france_n the_o pope_n power_n in_o france_n nay_o and_o under_o the_o second_o race_n charlemagne_n who_o give_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o authority_n to_o pope_n do_v not_o consult_v they_o about_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o new_a bishopric_n and_o archbishopric_n which_o he_o establish_v in_o italy_n itself_o many_o age_n after_o the_o prince_n and_o bishop_n be_v absolute_a master_n of_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o church_n the_o prince_n or_o judge_n appoint_v by_o he_o decide_v the_o difference_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o among_o other_o churchman_n concern_v their_o revenue_n and_o privilege_n but_o see_v matter_n now_o a_o day_n be_v settle_v in_o another_o manner_n and_o that_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n be_v whole_o alter_v i_o think_v it_o necessary_a have_v observe_v the_o original_n and_o progress_n of_o church_n revenue_n to_o describe_v in_o a_o few_o word_n the_o present_a state_n of_o beneficial_a matter_n it_o will_v be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o know_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o forefather_n if_o we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o be_v at_o present_a in_o use_n among_o ourselves_o the_o former_a serve_v only_o for_o our_o instruction_n but_o the_o latter_a will_v be_v useful_a for_o the_o conduct_n of_o our_o life_n law_n a_o explication_n of_o the_o new_a canon_n law_n i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o in_o this_o place_n of_o the_o original_a of_o benefice_n in_o the_o manner_n that_o they_o be_v establish_v at_o present_a for_o it_o be_v very_o well_o know_v that_o they_o do_v nor_o begin_v till_o about_o the_o eleven_o century_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o ancient_a canon_n there_o be_v only_o mention_v make_v of_o ordination_n and_o the_o ministry_n afterward_o there_o be_v no_o more_o talk_n but_o of_o the_o portion_n or_o benefice_n nevertheless_o though_o the_o manner_n of_o expression_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o ancient_a discipline_n be_v whole_o change_v yet_o in_o many_o thing_n the_o maxim_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n be_v still_o observe_v for_o instance_n heretofore_o ordination_n differ_v not_o from_o the_o ministry_n or_o benefice_n and_o therefore_o when_o by_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o new_a law_n they_o be_v separate_v that_o maxim_n be_v still_o retain_v that_o he_o who_o can_v ordain_v can_v also_o confer_v a_o benefice_n and_o that_o he_o who_o can_v ordain_v can_v confer_v a_o benefice_n neither_o but_o by_o degree_n the_o pope_n have_v by_o their_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n derogate_a from_o the_o common_a law_n that_o be_v ground_v on_o the_o ancient_a canon_n and_o we_o see_v that_o abbot_n exempt_v from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o ordinary_n confer_v in_o full_a right_n cure_n and_o other_o benefice_n though_o the_o establishment_n of_o benefice_n be_v common_o refer_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n or_o beginning_n of_o the_o eleven_o yet_o some_o footstep_n of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v see_v long_o before_o for_o about_o the_o year_n 500_o under_o pope_n symmachus_n to_o some_o churchman_n portion_n of_o land_n be_v assign_v to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o they_o for_o life_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o term_n of_o 513._o of_o tom._n 1._o council_n gal._n ann._n 513._o the_o epistle_n of_o that_o pope_n to_o caesarius_n where_o he_o prohibit_v the_o alienation_n of_o church-land_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o favour_n of_o clerk_n who_o may_v have_v merit_v or_o of_o some_o monastery_n or_o hospital_n and_o that_o only_a during_o the_o life_n of_o those_o that_o shall_v enjoy_v they_o possessiones_fw-la possessiones_fw-la ib._n q._n 1._o possessiones_fw-la quas_fw-la unusquisque_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la proprio_fw-la dedit_fw-la aut_fw-la reliquit_fw-la arbitrio_fw-la alienari_fw-la quibuslibet_fw-la titulis_fw-la atque_fw-la contractibus_fw-la vel_fw-la sub_fw-la quocunque_fw-la argumento_fw-la non_fw-la patimur_fw-la nisi_fw-la forsitan_fw-la clericis_fw-la honorem_fw-la meritis_fw-la aut_fw-la monasteriis_fw-la religionis_fw-la intuitu_fw-la aut_fw-la certe_fw-la peregrinis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la largiri_fw-la suaserit_fw-la sic_fw-la tamen_fw-la ut_fw-la haec_fw-la ipsa_fw-la non_fw-la perpetuò_fw-la sed_fw-la temporaliter_fw-la donec_fw-la vixerint_fw-la perfruantur_fw-la these_o word_n make_v it_o manifest_a enough_o that_o even_o in_o that_o time_n there_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o benefice_n though_o the_o portion_n of_o revenue_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o make_v to_o churchman_n in_o particular_a but_o that_o be_v rare_a at_o that_o time_n and_o only_o grant_v for_o extraordinary_a cause_n there_o be_v beside_o some_o footstep_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o benefice_n and_o of_o the_o right_n of_o patronage_n in_o the_o ten_o canon_n of_o 441._o of_o ann._n 441._o the_o first_o council_n of_o orange_n but_o the_o custom_n of_o that_o time_n be_v far_o different_a from_o the_o present_a practice_n the_o rule_n of_o the_o new_a canon_n law_n which_o begin_v chief_o under_o pope_n nicholas_n i._n who_o live_v about_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o nine_o age_n bring_v a_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n pope_n gregory_n vii_o who_o live_v pretty_a forward_o in_o the_o eleven_o age_n law_n 〈…〉_o of_o 〈…〉_o law_n extend_v the_o rule_n of_o that_o new_a law_n beyond_o all_o that_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v and_o the_o pope_n that_o come_v after_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o remit_v any_o thing_n of_o these_o novelty_n that_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o augment_v they_o so_o that_o the_o law_n which_o have_v be_v introduce_v into_o the_o church_n since_o that_o time_n deserve_v better_a to_o be_v call_v the_o pope_n law_n than_o the_o canon_n law_n because_o in_o settle_v this_o new_a law_n there_o have_v not_o be_v so_o much_o regard_v have_v to_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o church_n as_o to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o this_o in_o process_n of_o time_n occasion_v great_a disorder_n so_o that_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v law_n and_o prag_n maticks_n to_o hinder_v those_o abuse_n though_o it_o have_v not_o be_v in_o their_o power_n entire_o to_o abolish_v they_o the_o compilation_n which_o gratian_n the_o monk_n 1150._o monk_n ann._n 1150._o make_v of_o the_o canon_n of_o council_n the_o decretal_a epistle_n of_o pope_n and_o of_o many_o sentence_n of_o the_o father_n of_o which_o he_o make_v up_o a_o body_n of_o canon_n law_n contribute_v much_o to_o the_o authorise_v of_o the_o new_a law_n for_o that_o collection_n of_o canon_n be_v public_o teach_v in_o school_n and_o even_o make_v use_n of_o in_o decide_v controversy_n the_o father_n and_o council_n be_v not_o study_v in_o their_o original_a but_o only_o in_o the_o decree_n of_o gratian_n and_o man_n be_v not_o know_v enough_o at_o that_o time_n to_o perceive_v that_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o citation_n of_o gratian_n be_v false_a and_o that_o he_o follow_v not_o always_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n have_v insert_v into_o his_o collection_n several_a supposititious_a piece_n beside_o that_o he_o give_v to_o the_o pope_n decretal_n the_o same_o authority_n as_o to_o general_a council_n and_o sometime_o even_o pervert_v the_o word_n of_o the_o ancient_a canon_n that_o he_o may_v accommodate_v they_o to_o the_o law_n which_o be_v authorize_v by_o the_o pope_n of_o his_o time_n but_o the_o collection_n of_o the_o decretal_a epistle_n of_o pope_n which_o 1230._o which_o ann._n 1230._o be_v make_v by_o order_n of_o gregory_n ix_o occasion_v a_o far_o great_a alteration_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v in_o france_n public_o read_v in_o school_n as_o well_o as_o the_o collection_n of_o gratian._n these_o decretal_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o law-suit_n and_o though_o they_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o western_a church_n and_o public_o teach_v by_o the_o professor_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n yet_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o reject_v they_o on_o several_a occasion_n and_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o ancient_a canon_n at_o that_o time_n the_o compilation_n of_o gratian_n be_v call_v the_o ancient_a law_n though_o it_o contain_v a_o great_a many_o novelty_n but_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o book_n of_o decretal_n there_o be_v some_o reason_n for_o call_v it_o so_o the_o tedious_a and_o troublesome_a debate_n which_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v with_o the_o pope_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o french_a despise_v the_o collection_n of_o the_o decretal_n nor_o be_v they_o at_o present_a much_o esteem_v
it_o be_v impossible_a for_o bishop_n to_o hinder_v they_o from_o perform_v all_o ecclesiastical_a function_n in_o their_o monastery_n and_o since_o that_o time_n there_o have_v always_o be_v dispute_v betwixt_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o monk_n because_o the_o monk_n on_o many_o occasion_n refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o bishop_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o discipline_n of_o their_o monastery_n though_o at_o that_o time_n most_o part_n of_o the_o monk_n be_v in_o the_o east_n benet_n monk_n in_o the_o west_n before_o st._n benet_n yet_o for_o all_o that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o also_o in_o the_o west_n before_o st._n benet_n plant_v a_o particular_a order_n there_o st._n jerom_n st._n ambrose_n and_o st._n gregory_n make_v mention_n of_o monk_n in_o italy_n among_o the_o gaul_n and_o in_o several_a other_o part_n of_o europe_n beside_o all_o the_o author_n who_o have_v write_v of_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o several_a country_n speak_v of_o monk_n that_o be_v there_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n monk_n the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a monk_n nevertheless_o betwixt_o the_o first_o monk_n that_o be_v in_o europe_n before_o st._n benet_n and_o those_o that_o come_v after_o he_o that_o the_o first_o be_v bare_o monk_n without_o be_v addict_v to_o any_o particular_a order_n to_o be_v a_o monk_n be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o receive_v as_o such_o in_o all_o monastery_n wheresoever_o they_o travel_v there_o be_v no_o talk_n then_o of_o particular_a rule_n and_o institution_n but_o every_o monk_n labour_v to_o emprove_v himself_o by_o the_o example_n of_o other_o and_o to_o embrace_v what_o he_o think_v most_o perfect_a in_o the_o monastic_a life_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o monk_n both_o of_o the_o east_n and_o west_n be_v all_o of_o one_o order_n have_v at_o that_o time_n no_o mark_n of_o distinction_n among_o they_o the_o ancient_a rule_n that_o have_v be_v write_v by_o the_o primitive_a monk_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o different_a commentary_n upon_o the_o monastic_a life_n than_o different_a rule_n for_o the_o intention_n of_o those_o who_o embrace_v that_o kind_n of_o life_n be_v not_o to_o distinguish_v themselves_o by_o particular_a rule_n from_o the_o manner_n of_o â—iving_v of_o other_o man_n but_o to_o submit_v themselves_o by_o a_o more_o particular_a resignation_n to_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o to_o find_v out_o all_o possible_a way_n how_o they_o may_v live_v up_o to_o the_o counsel_n of_o our_o saviour_n who_o will_v have_v we_o to_o wean_v our_o heart_n altogether_o from_o the_o world_n that_o we_o may_v follow_v he_o alone_o who_o be_v above_o it_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o speak_v of_o the_o institution_n of_o st._n benet_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o every_o body_n but_o shall_v only_o observe_v by_o the_o by_o that_o the_o design_n of_o that_o saint_n be_v not_o to_o make_v any_o innovation_n in_o the_o monastic_a life_n but_o to_o make_v a_o collection_n of_o what_o he_o find_v most_o perfect_a in_o the_o rule_n and_o institution_n of_o other_o matter_n be_v much_o alter_v since_o all_o the_o several_a order_n of_o monk_n make_v now_o a_o day_n so_o many_o petty_a different_a republic_n in_o the_o church_n and_o be_v so_o many_o little_a state_n who_o have_v all_o their_o several_a interest_n but_o let_v we_o now_o return_v to_o our_o subject_a concern_v the_o original_a and_o progress_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n no_o soon_o be_v the_o barbarous_a king_n become_v master_n of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n state_n change_n in_o church_n and_o state_n but_o the_o civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a law_n suffer_v great_a alteration_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o comply_v with_o the_o humour_n and_o temper_n of_o these_o new_a conqueror_n who_o meddle_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n there_o be_v not_o now_o as_o former_o the_o same_o liberty_n in_o elect_v of_o bishop_n prince_n thought_n of_o secure_v their_o state_n by_o confer_v bishopric_n only_o on_o such_o as_o they_o can_v rely_v upon_o so_o that_o ecclesiastical_a dignity_n begin_v to_o be_v look_n upon_o as_o mere_a lay-office_n at_o the_o disposal_n of_o prince_n with_o which_o they_o can_v reward_v those_o that_o serve_v they_o and_o which_o be_v more_o pernicious_a to_o the_o church_n prince_n and_o other_o great_a lord_n begin_v to_o make_v no_o more_o distinction_n betwixt_o good_n consecrate_v to_o god_n and_o good_n profane_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o time_n must_v be_v bear_v with_o and_o the_o great_a war_n that_o prince_n be_v engage_v in_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o layman_n estate_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o same_o condidition_n as_o temporal_a estate_n they_o make_v contract_n of_o alienation_n about_o they_o as_o about_o other_o possession_n and_o these_o contract_v pass_v for_o lawful_a when_o they_o be_v make_v in_o the_o usual_a form_n no_o body_n oppose_v it_o the_o bishop_n &_o monk_n treat_v often_o with_o laic_n about_o those_o concern_v either_o by_o way_n of_o exchange_n or_o purchase_v the_o ancient_a cartulary_n or_o register_n of_o the_o monk_n be_v full_a of_o such_o kind_n of_o contract_n wherein_o it_o appear_v that_o child_n succeed_v to_o their_o father_n as_o well_o in_o church_n live_n as_o in_o other_o estate_n the_o count_n or_o judge_n decide_v the_o difference_n that_o arise_v among_o private_a person_n about_o such_o estate_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o about_o other_o inheritance_n and_o possession_n it_o be_v true_a some_o scrupulous_a people_n make_v a_o distinction_n betwixt_o altar_n and_o church_n altar_n a_o distinctio_fw-la betwixt_o church_n a_o altar_n comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o church_n land_n and_o other_o revenue_n for_o which_o man_n may_v contract_v and_o assign_v a_o priest_n to_o the_o altar_n who_o be_v to_o have_v a_o salary_n for_o say_v mass_n and_o perform_v other_o ecclesiastical_a function_n but_o some_o who_o be_v not_o so_o scrupulous_a make_v no_o such_o imaginary_a distinction_n for_o in_o the_o ancient_a cartulary_n there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v form_n of_o deed_n of_o alienation_n of_o church_n and_o altar_n with_o the_o bell_n chalice_n cross_n and_o other_o ornament_n of_o the_o church_n this_o be_v practise_v even_o in_o italy_n before_o the_o pope_n enter_v into_o the_o cognisance_n of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o church_n which_o depend_v not_o on_o their_o diocese_n to_o these_o troublesome_a time_n we_o may_v attribute_v the_o total_a ruin_n of_o private_a church_n man_n churchman_n the_o ruin_n of_o private_a churchman_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o take_v wage_n from_o those_o who_o possess_v the_o church_n and_o which_o be_v more_o unhappy_a the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o revenue_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o possession_n of_o cathedral_n church_n and_o monastery_n to_o which_o they_o do_v not_o at_o all_o belong_v the_o truth_n be_v there_o be_v form_n of_o contract_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o same_o cartulary_n which_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o monk_n have_v buy_v several_a church_n from_o layman_n but_o part_n of_o these_o church_n have_v be_v usurp_v by_o the_o laic_n from_o the_o churchman_n to_o who_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v restore_v and_o not_o sell_v to_o the_o monk_n when_o the_o administration_n of_o church_n revenue_n be_v erect_v into_o benefice_n or_o perpetual_a title_n the_o churchman_n who_o be_v hire_v by_o the_o chapter_n of_o cathedral_n church_n by_o the_o monk_n and_o even_o by_o laic_n become_v perpetual_a vicar_n and_o curate_n but_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o benefice_n remain_v still_o to_o the_o canon_n and_o monk_n who_o take_v to_o themselves_o afterward_o the_o quality_n of_o primitive_a curate_n beside_o since_o private_a man_n be_v not_o able_a prince_n and_o other_o great_a man_n buy_v the_o church_n from_o those_o churchman_n and_o give_v they_o to_o the_o monk_n who_o entertain_v secular_a priest_n to_o take_v the_o care_n of_o administer_a the_o sacrament_n to_o the_o people_n all_o the_o revenue_n and_o tithe_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n remain_v to_o the_o monastery_n wherefore_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o explain_v in_o this_o place_n more_o particular_o the_o original_a and_o progress_n of_o the_o revenue_n annex_v to_o monastery_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o speak_v of_o their_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n a_o great_a part_n of_o what_o we_o shall_v say_v of_o monastery_n be_v also_o applicable_a to_o other_o ecclesiastic_n we_o have_v show_v before_o that_o monk_n have_v make_v profession_n of_o poverty_n monastery_n the_o original_a of_o land_n and_o other_o revevenue_n
canon_n of_o their_o canonship_n and_o even_o oblige_v secular_a priest_n to_o turn_v monk_n if_o they_o intend_v to_o enjoy_v their_o benefice_n the_o bishop_n do_v what_o lie_v in_o their_o power_n to_o remove_v the_o monk_n from_o church_n dignity_n but_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o monk_n have_v their_o recourse_n to_o the_o pope_n who_o be_v already_o become_v master_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o bishop_n and_o prince_n who_o be_v persuade_v that_o monastery_n be_v grow_v too_o rich_a favour_v the_o bishop_n against_o the_o monk_n and_o pope_n all_o the_o arch-bishop_n of_o canterbury_n have_v be_v monk_n from_o the_o time_n of_o austin_n who_o pope_n gregory_n send_v into_o england_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n 1_o but_o when_o under_o that_o prince_n they_o come_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o arch_a bishop_n 1123._o bishop_n hist_o sim._n daniel_n 1123._o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o england_n declare_v public_o that_o they_o will_v have_v no_o monk_n for_o their_o primate_n and_o that_o among_o the_o clergy_n there_o be_v as_o virtuous_a man_n and_o as_o fit_v for_o the_o government_n of_o a_o church_n as_o any_o in_o the_o monastery_n so_o by_o degree_n they_o begin_v to_o take_v the_o government_n of_o church_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o monk_n though_o they_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o pope_n yet_o they_o still_o make_v a_o distinction_n betwixt_o regular_a canon_n and_o monk_n which_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n for_o we_o find_v but_o a_o few_o monk_n that_o take_v the_o charge_n of_o parish-church_n and_o perform_v other_o ecclesiastical_a function_n out_o of_o their_o monastery_n whereas_o regular_a canon_n in_o all_o place_n discharge_v those_o office_n without_o be_v oblige_v as_o monk_n be_v to_o put_v secular_a priest_n into_o their_o cure_n there_o remain_v at_o present_a but_o few_o cathedral_n church_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o monk_n though_o heretofore_o it_o be_v a_o very_a common_a thing_n to_o see_v no_o other_o canon_n monk_n ecclesiastical_a employment_n inconsistent_a with_o monk_n in_o church_n but_o monk_n who_o at_o the_o same_o time_n take_v care_n both_o of_o church_n and_o monastery_n which_o be_v altogether_o opposite_a to_o the_o canon_n &_o even_o to_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o monastic_a life_n manendi_fw-la life_n quisquis_fw-la autem_fw-la ex_fw-la monasterio_n ad_fw-la ecclesiasticum_fw-la ordinem_fw-la pervenerit_fw-la ulterius_fw-la illic_fw-la nec_fw-la aliquam_fw-la potestatem_fw-la nec_fw-la licentiam_fw-la habeat_fw-la manendi_fw-la st._n gregory_n indeed_o allow_v monk_n to_o enter_v into_o holy_a order_n and_o to_o officiate_v in_o that_o capacity_n when_o it_o shall_v please_v their_o bishop_n to_o enjoin_v they_o but_o then_o they_o can_v no_o long_o continue_v in_o their_o monastery_n be_v become_v real_a clerk_n nevertheless_o the_o monk_n do_v the_o contrary_a papa_n greg._n papa_n and_o remain_v still_o in_o their_o monastery_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o care_n of_o church_n we_o even_o find_v in_o the_o history_n of_o england_n that_o the_o office_n of_o archdeacon_n of_o a_o cathedral_n church_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o place_n of_o prio_fw-la of_o a_o monastery_n the_o desire_n they_o have_v of_o enrich_v their_o house_n be_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o they_o continue_v in_o their_o community_n though_o by_o right_n they_o be_v separate_v from_o they_o because_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a employment_n in_o which_o they_o be_v engage_v and_o so_o far_o from_o lay_v aside_o their_o monkish_a custom_n when_o they_o be_v associate_v to_o the_o clergy_n they_o introduce_v into_o their_o church_n the_o practice_n and_o ceremony_n of_o their_o monastery_n and_o that_o be_v the_o thing_n that_o make_v way_n for_o the_o re-establishment_n of_o secular_a priest_n in_o cathedral_n church_n and_o other_o benefice_n but_o nevertheless_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n that_o belong_v to_o private_a church_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o monastery_n beside_o prince_n and_o bishop_n can_v not_o endure_v that_o monk_n shall_v possess_v eclesiastical_a dignity_n after_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v grow_v so_o powerful_a that_o they_o dispose_v at_o their_o pleasure_n of_o the_o most_o part_n of_o benefice_n for_o the_o monk_n always_o espouse_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o pope_n against_o prince_n and_o bishop_n under_o pretext_n of_o defend_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n and_o see_v prince_n refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o pope_n with_o who_o they_o have_v continual_a quarrel_n they_o resolve_v to_o give_v no_o ecclesiastical_a promotion_n but_o to_o those_o who_o be_v devote_v to_o their_o service_n the_o english_a history_n give_v we_o a_o pretty_a instance_n of_o this_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n i._o monk_n prince_n ruint_o the_o monk_n that_o prince_n have_v assemble_v the_o bishop_n of_o his_o kingdom_n can_v not_o forbear_v with_o tear_n to_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o be_v a_o unfortunate_a wretch_n and_o no_o king_n gervasii_n king_n se_fw-la miserum_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la regem_fw-la chron._n gervasii_n he_o complain_v that_o the_o revenue_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v crumble_v into_o infinite_a parcel_n of_o which_o the_o least_o part_n come_v to_o his_o share_n and_o canonici_fw-la and_o haec_fw-la enim_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la possident_fw-la albi_fw-la monachi_fw-la &_o nigri_fw-la &_o ordinis_fw-la diversi_fw-la canonici_fw-la that_o they_o be_v possess_v by_o black_a monk_n white_a monk_n &_o canon_n of_o different_a order_n then_o he_o upbraid_v the_o secular_a priest_n with_o their_o vice_n and_o scandalous_a &_o debauch_a life_n that_o be_v notorious_o know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n eleemosynas_fw-la populi_n say_v that_o prince_n speak_v of_o secular_a priest_n distrahunt_fw-la &_o expendunt_fw-la in_o pravos_fw-la usus_fw-la dum_fw-la magis_fw-la cogitant_fw-la de_fw-la suarum_fw-la pannis_fw-la meretricum_fw-la quà m_fw-la de_fw-la suarum_fw-la vestimentis_fw-la vel_fw-la libris_fw-la ecclesiarum_fw-la tolerabile_fw-la malum_fw-la videretur_fw-la si_fw-la singuli_fw-la svas_fw-la mulierculas_fw-la observarent_fw-la &_o saltem_fw-la thorum_fw-la non_fw-la invaderent_fw-la alienum_fw-la these_o corruption_n be_v not_o peculiar_a to_o england_n alone_o but_o be_v spread_v over_o all_o the_o church_n of_o europe_n where_o priest_n who_o be_v prohibit_v to_o marry_v according_a to_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o western_a church_n make_v no_o scruple_n public_o to_o keep_v concubine_n and_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o the_o monk_n for_o the_o service_n they_o render_v to_o the_o church_n in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o secular_a priest_n be_v plunge_v in_o ignorance_n and_o vice_n but_o their_o service_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a when_o they_o begin_v to_o declare_v for_o the_o pope_n who_o pretend_v alone_o to_o have_v the_o absolute_a disposal_n of_o all_o church_n revenue_n contrary_a to_o ancient_a custom_n king_n richard_n of_o who_o we_o have_v be_v speak_v attribute_n the_o disorder_n which_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n cause_v in_o his_o dominion_n to_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o priest_n of_o his_o kingdom_n romani_n say_v he_o propter_fw-la debilitatem_fw-la vestram_fw-la adeo_fw-la nobis_fw-la infesti_fw-la sunt_fw-la ut_fw-la nobis_fw-la solummodo_fw-la videantur_fw-la imperare_fw-la literulas_fw-la suaâ—nobis_fw-la vendunt_fw-la nec_fw-la justitiam_fw-la quaerunt_fw-la sed_fw-la litigia_fw-la fovent_fw-la multiplicant_fw-la appellationes_fw-la redimunt_fw-la placitante_n et_fw-la cum_fw-la solam_fw-la pecuniam_fw-la appetunt_fw-la veritatem_fw-la confundunt_fw-la pacemque_fw-la subvertunt_fw-la that_o prince_n continue_v his_o complaint_n tell_v the_o bishop_n of_o the_o same_o assembly_n that_o for_o remedy_n to_o all_o these_o evil_n the_o monk_n must_v be_v oblige_v to_o shut_v themselves_o up_o within_o their_o monastery_n without_o share_v in_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n and_o the_o secular_a clergy_n reform_v who_o will_v be_v much_o more_o serviceable_a than_o the_o monk_n obesse_fw-la monk_n romans_z latronibus_fw-la si_fw-la transgrediuntur_fw-la poterunt_fw-la obesse_fw-la in_o resist_v the_o unjust_a attempt_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n the_o king_n advice_n be_v follow_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n and_o it_o be_v resolve_v in_o that_o assembly_n that_o the_o monk_n who_o possess_v cathedral_n church_n shall_v have_v their_o private_a church_n near_o to_o these_o cathedral_n and_o that_o secular_a canon_n shall_v be_v settle_v in_o their_o place_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n do_v prince_n with_o assistance_n of_o the_o bishop_n endeavour_n to_o re-establish_a secular_a priest_n in_o the_o church_n according_a to_o prescript_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n but_o that_o be_v not_o do_v without_o great_a difficulty_n because_o the_o monk_n be_v protect_v by_o the_o pope_n who_o authority_n be_v become_v formidable_a and_o it_o be_v to_o that_o time_n especial_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o attribute_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o exemption_n which_o the_o monk_n obtain_v from_o rome_n that_o they_o may_v not_o depend_v on_o the_o bishop_n who_o endeavour_v their_o ruin_n it_o be_v a_o troublesome_a thing_n to_o prince_n church_n the_o original_a of_o great_a
powerful_a at_o rome_n because_o of_o their_o general_n that_o common_o reside_v there_o or_o of_o their_o procurator_n that_o live_v in_o that_o court_n for_o the_o affair_n of_o their_o society_n hinder_v as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v the_o secularisation_n of_o benefice_n which_o they_o pretend_v do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o they_o vii_o the_o king_n can_v alienate_v the_o church_n land_n of_o his_o kingdom_n without_o the_o permission_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o pope_n pope_n alienation_n depend_v on_o the_o pope_n nor_o can_v he_o raise_v the_o ten_o of_o he_o clergy_n which_o have_v in_o process_n of_o time_n be_v convert_v into_o ordinary_a subsidy_n without_o obtain_v power_n from_o the_o pope_n heretofore_o churchman_n pretend_v that_o their_o good_n be_v consecrate_v to_o god_n and_o that_o so_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o lay_v they_o out_o for_o maintain_v of_o war_n or_o for_o other_o public_a necessity_n it_o be_v enough_o that_o they_o contribute_v to_o they_o by_o their_o prayer_n but_o the_o specious_a pretext_n of_o holy_a war_n cure_v they_o of_o that_o scruple_n and_o it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n under_o innocent_a iii_o that_o these_o ten_o shall_v be_v take_v from_o ecclesiastic_n for_o the_o expedition_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n after_o a_o door_n be_v once_o open_v to_o ten_o the_o pope_n and_o king_n together_o often_o raise_v they_o but_o see_v pope_n have_v get_v a_o custom_n of_o raise_v ten_o in_o france_n for_o their_o own_o private_a concern_v it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n constantiense_n council_n constantiense_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v no_o more_o raise_v but_o with_o consent_n of_o the_o prelate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o thereby_o the_o pope_n be_v exclude_v from_o the_o liberty_n of_o raise_v they_o however_o those_o that_o be_v grant_v to_o king_n increase_v much_o and_o that_o which_o in_o the_o beginning_n be_v very_o extraordinary_a have_v since_o turn_v into_o a_o custom_n the_o necessity_n of_o maintain_v long_a war_n in_o france_n for_o religion_n promote_v very_o much_o the_o establishment_n of_o ten_o which_o be_v at_o present_a a_o kind_n of_o tax_n upon_o the_o churchman_n collect_v by_o receiver_n appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n we_o must_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n observe_v that_o pope_n dispose_v not_o at_o their_o pleasure_n of_o church_n revenue_n as_o they_o pretend_v they_o have_v power_n they_o have_v not_o the_o liberty_n to_o sell_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o church_n unless_o the_o king_n and_o clergy_n consent_v to_o it_o and_o the_o cause_n of_o alienation_n be_v first_o examine_v for_o the_o bull_n of_o permission_n to_o alienate_v be_v not_o receive_v in_o france_n if_o they_o contain_v these_o term_n motu_fw-la proprio_fw-la sine_fw-la inquisitione_n etiam_fw-la invitis_fw-la clericis_fw-la in_o a_o word_n for_o alienation_n of_o church_n land_n in_o france_n the_o two_o sovereign_a power_n i_o mean_v the_o pope_n and_o king_n must_v concur_v viii_o all_o concordat_n pope_n concordat_n depend_v on_o the_o pope_n transaction_n or_o paction_n in_o any_o beneficial_a matter_n aught_o to_o be_v confirm_v in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n because_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o simony_n in_o they_o private_a person_n not_o be_v allow_v to_o dispose_v of_o their_o benefice_n under_o certain_a reservation_n or_o condition_n and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o application_n be_v make_v to_o the_o pope_n for_o pension_n and_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la ordinary_n can_v appoint_v nor_o confirm_v pension_n nor_o can_v they_o admit_v of_o any_o resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la neither_o unless_o in_o the_o case_n of_o permutation_n nay_o and_o in_o that_o case_n too_o private_a person_n many_o time_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o pope_n there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o concordat_fw-la or_o transaction_n which_o commendatary_a abbot_n and_o monk_n daily_o make_v betwixt_o themselves_o for_o divide_v their_o revenue_n without_o have_v recourse_n to_o rome_n but_o these_o concordat_n be_v easy_o break_v and_o their_o successor_n may_v derogate_v from_o they_o because_o a_o abbot_n have_v no_o power_n to_o oblige_v and_o tie_v up_o the_o will_n of_o his_o successor_n he_o may_v indeed_o make_v over_o his_o right_n during_o his_o life_n but_o he_o can_v dispose_v of_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o another_o and_o therefore_o though_o these_o concordat_n be_v even_o confirm_v in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n and_o in_o the_o parliament_n they_o may_v still_o be_v rescind_v if_o it_o be_v find_v that_o one_o of_o the_o party_n contract_v have_v receive_v any_o notable_a prejudice_n in_o that_o case_n he_o be_v allow_v to_o seek_v relief_n and_o by_o strong_a reason_n his_o successor_n ought_v who_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o stand_v to_o all_o that_o have_v be_v do_v by_o his_o predecessor_n the_o pope_n himself_o pretend_v not_o to_o prejudice_v by_o his_o rescript_n the_o acquire_v right_o of_o other_o nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o in_o his_o power_n though_o it_o shall_v even_o be_v insert_v in_o his_o rescript_n that_o there_o have_v nothing_o be_v do_v without_o knowledge_n of_o the_o cause_n because_o he_o may_v have_v be_v ill_o inform_v again_o the_o pope_n have_v no_o power_n in_o france_n over_o the_o temporal_a of_o benefice_n but_o only_o the_o spiritual_a for_o which_o recourse_n be_v have_v to_o he_o as_o to_o a_o superior_a that_o he_o may_v authorise_v the_o transaction_n which_o private_a person_n have_v make_v among_o themselves_o and_o purge_v they_o from_o simony_n ix_o none_o but_o the_o pope_n can_v give_v benefice_n in_o perpetual_a commendum_fw-la pope_n commendum_n depend_v on_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o french_a be_v the_o more_o oblige_v to_o acknowledge_v that_o power_n of_o the_o pope_n that_o there_o be_v no_o kingdom_n in_o christendom_n where_o so_o many_o regular_a benefice_n be_v erect_v in_o commendum_fw-la as_o in_o france_n now_o see_v commendum_n in_o the_o manner_n that_o they_o be_v at_o present_a establish_v more_o for_o the_o advantage_n of_o private_a person_n than_o benefit_n of_o the_o church_n be_v altogether_o contrary_a to_o the_o canon_n none_o but_o the_o pope_n can_v confer_v in_o commendum_fw-la because_o he_o only_o can_v dispense_v with_o the_o canon_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o incapacity_n of_o person_n to_o who_o commendum_n be_v give_v as_o of_o incompatibility_n of_o benefice_n in_o which_o the_o commendatary_n be_v invest_v and_o therefore_o benefice_n in_o commendum_fw-la be_v in_o some_o manner_n reserve_v to_o the_o pope_n because_o they_o subsist_v upon_o a_o special_a privilege_n which_o can_v be_v grant_v by_o none_o but_o he_o and_o when_o the_o commendum_fw-la be_v void_a by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o commendatary_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v judge_v vacant_a by_o his_o death_n but_o as_o it_o be_v vacant_a before_o the_o commendum_fw-la which_o bring_v no_o alteration_n in_o matter_n however_o the_o pope_n do_v still_o give_v the_o same_o benefice_n in_o commendum_fw-la by_o a_o privilege_n that_o he_o continue_v on_o so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o the_o privilege_n or_o dispensation_n have_v whole_o derogate_a from_o the_o canon_n law_n which_o only_o subsist_v in_o name_n and_o the_o dispensation_n stand_v for_o law_n as_o to_o the_o effect_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n though_o they_o who_o possess_v commendum_n have_v not_o obtain_v they_o but_o by_o privilege_n or_o dispensation_n abbot_n the_o right_n of_o commendatary_a abbot_n yet_o they_o still_o enjoy_v they_o and_o have_v all_o the_o title_n profit_n and_o honour_n as_o if_o they_o be_v titular_o inasmuch_o as_o by_o the_o bull_n of_o commendum_fw-la the_o commendatary_n be_v subrogated_a into_o the_o right_n of_o the_o titular_o and_o the_o term_n be_v always_o use_v which_o import_n that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commendatary_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o titular_a to_o who_o he_o be_v substitute_v curam_fw-la monasterii_fw-la ac_fw-la regimen_fw-la &_o administrationâ—â—â—_n tibi_fw-la in_o spiritualibus_fw-la &_o temporalibus_fw-la plenarâ—è_fw-la committâ—ndo_fw-la the_o pope_n give_v in_o some_o manner_n by_o his_o bull_n the_o investiture_n both_o of_o the_o spiritual_a and_o temporal_a and_o grant_v the_o commendataries_n liberty_n to_o dispose_v according_a to_o their_o pleasure_n of_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o abbey_n after_o they_o have_v satisfy_v the_o charge_n which_o be_v always_o express_v in_o the_o same_o bull_n de_fw-fr residuis_fw-la fructibus_fw-la reditibus_fw-la &_o proventibus_fw-la disponere_fw-la &_o ordinare_fw-la potuerunt_fw-la ac_fw-la debuerunt_fw-la and_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o modern_a commendum_n be_v different_a from_o the_o ancient_n which_o be_v establish_v in_o favour_n of_o church_n and_o not_o of_o person_n the_o pope_n add_v in_o their_o bull_n that_o they_o give_v the_o commendataries_n power_n to_o dispose_v of_o the_o profit_n of_o their_o commendum_n for_o their_o
own_o use_n that_o they_o may_v live_v more_o commodious_o nay_o and_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n ut_fw-la statum_fw-la tâ—um_fw-la juxta_fw-la gradum_fw-la tuus_fw-la nobilitatis_fw-la decentiùs_fw-la tenere_fw-la valeas_fw-la de_fw-la alicujus_fw-la subventionis_fw-la auxilio_fw-la providere_fw-la volentes_fw-la etc._n etc._n this_o be_v not_o the_o place_n to_o examine_v whether_o the_o pope_n can_v attribute_v to_o themselves_o so_o great_a a_o authority_n which_o seem_v to_o overthrow_v all_o the_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n i_o only_o speak_v at_o present_a of_o what_o be_v in_o practice_n and_o of_o the_o power_n that_o the_o pope_n have_v in_o france_n where_o the_o bull_n whereof_o i_o have_v give_v some_o abstract_n be_v receive_v and_o authorise_v by_o custom_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n also_o the_o canonist_n say_v that_o the_o title_n of_o benefice_n be_v only_o of_o positive_a right_n &_o that_o so_o the_o pope_n who_o have_v absolute_a power_n over_o that_o right_n especial_o when_o it_o have_v be_v voluntary_o establish_v by_o they_o may_v dispense_v with_o it_o as_o they_o please_v and_o in_o favour_n of_o who_o they_o will_n on_o this_o principle_n be_v ground_v the_o dispensation_n which_o be_v obtain_v from_o pope_n for_o possess_v several_a benefice_n and_o that_o they_o daily_o derogate_v from_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o benefice_n in_o favour_n of_o private_a person_n but_o after_o all_o we_o must_v still_o suppose_v the_o maxim_n which_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o this_o great_a power_n of_o pope_n can_v be_v execute_v in_o france_n if_o the_o king_n consent_v not_o to_o it_o and_o beside_o that_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o possessory_a right_n of_o benefice_n x._o the_o pope_n give_v not_o only_a benefice_n in_o commendum_fw-la to_o clerk_n dispense_n both_o with_o their_o age_n and_o other_o quality_n requisite_a but_o they_o dispense_v also_o with_o the_o clerkship_n of_o child_n as_o yet_o in_o the_o cradle_n until_o they_o have_v attain_v the_o age_n of_o take_v the_o tonsure_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o declare_v that_o the_o child_n be_v design_v for_o a_o churchman_n infantem_fw-la qui_fw-la ut_fw-la accepimus_fw-la in_fw-la secundo_fw-la vel_fw-la tertio_fw-la suae_fw-la aetatis_fw-la anno_fw-la constitutus_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la ecclesiasticam_fw-la agendam_fw-la destinatus_fw-la existit_fw-la but_o since_o no_o man_n can_v enjoy_v a_o benefice_n but_o he_o that_o be_v a_o clerk_n and_o that_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o child_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o of_o age_n the_o pope_n use_n these_o term_n in_o their_o bull_n eidem_n infanti_fw-la cum_fw-la primum_fw-la clericali_fw-la charactere_fw-la ritè_fw-la insignitus_fw-la &_o in_o aetate_fw-la legitimâ_fw-la constitutus_fw-la seu_fw-la alius_fw-la ex_fw-la concessione_n &_o dispensatione_fw-la apostolicâ_fw-la ad_fw-la monasteria_fw-la obtinenda_fw-la capax_fw-la &_o habilis_fw-la fuerit_fw-la per_fw-la eum_fw-la quoad_fw-la vixerit_fw-la tenenda_fw-la regenda_fw-la &_o gubernanda_fw-la ita_fw-la ut_fw-la ex_fw-la nunc_fw-la prout_fw-la ex_fw-la tunc_fw-la pro_fw-la eo_fw-la affecta_fw-la &_o destinata_fw-la sunt_fw-la ac_fw-la esse_fw-la censeantur_fw-la etc._n etc._n then_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o same_o bull_n name_v a_o steward_n who_o shall_v take_v care_n only_o of_o the_o temporal_a until_o the_o child_n be_v grow_v up_o and_o shave_v n._n administratorem_fw-la monasteriorum_fw-la in_o temporalibus_fw-la solum_fw-la donec_fw-la praedictus_fw-la infans_fw-la charactere_fw-la clericali_fw-la insignitus_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o monasteria_fw-la sibi_fw-la per_fw-la noâ—vel_n successorem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la romanum_fw-la pontificem_fw-la pro_fw-la tempore_fw-la existentem_fw-la commendari_fw-la obtinuerit_fw-la it_o appear_v by_o these_o 〈◊〉_d word_n that_o the_o child_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o proper_o establish_v abbot_n commendatary_a by_o the_o bull_n because_o he_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o a_o clerk_n but_o that_o the_o abbey_n be_v only_o assure_v to_o he_o and_o that_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n he_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o profit_n of_o the_o benefice_n as_o if_o he_o be_v actual_o invest_v in_o it_o and_o that_o because_o the_o pope_n by_o his_o bull_n give_v he_o the_o right_n xi_o though_o ordinary_n may_v unite_v small_a benefice_n union_n of_o union_n yet_o it_o only_o belong_v to_o the_o pope_n to_o annex_v benefice_n which_o be_v call_v consistorial_n nay_o and_o many_o time_n application_n be_v make_v to_o he_o for_o all_o sort_n of_o union_n that_o power_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o unite_n all_o sort_n of_o benefice_n proceed_v from_o the_o fullness_n of_o his_o authority_n whereas_o that_o of_o ordinary_n be_v limit_v nevertheless_o heretofore_o they_o enjoy_v that_o right_n but_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v that_o we_o speak_v only_o here_o of_o the_o new_a law_n in_o the_o manner_n that_o it_o be_v at_o present_a in_o force_n in_o france_n without_o examine_v the_o ground_n of_o it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o ancient_a canon_n it_o be_v not_o for_o all_o that_o to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o pope_n be_v so_o much_o master_n of_o union_n in_o france_n that_o he_o can_v make_v they_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o without_o lawful_a cause_n for_o the_o union_n which_o be_v common_o call_v personal_a and_o only_o make_v during_o the_o life_n of_o some_o person_n be_v not_o admit_v there_o because_o such_o kind_n of_o union_n be_v not_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o unite_a church_n it_o be_v then_o necessary_a to_o make_v union_n lawful_a that_o they_o be_v ground_v on_o true_a cause_n and_o not_o upon_o pretext_n otherwise_o they_o be_v null_a conform_v to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n which_o rescind_v union_n make_v by_o the_o pope_n 43._o pope_n si_fw-mi non_fw-la ex_fw-la rationalibus_fw-la causis_fw-la &_o veris_fw-la factae_fw-la fuerint_fw-la licet_fw-la apostolicae_fw-la sedis_fw-la auctoritas_fw-la intervenerit_fw-la sess_n 43._o if_o they_o be_v not_o support_v by_o good_a reason_n it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a for_o all_o that_o that_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o bull_n of_o union_n make_v use_v of_o these_o word_n et_fw-la ex_fw-la certa_fw-la scientia_fw-la nostrâ_fw-la but_o he_o ought_v to_o direct_v to_o some_o body_n upon_o the_o place_n a_o rescript_n of_o delegation_n ad_fw-la effectum_fw-la unionis_fw-la that_o information_n may_v be_v have_v of_o the_o usefulness_n of_o the_o union_n beside_o those_o who_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o union_n and_o especial_o the_o patron_n of_o benefice_n must_v be_v cite_v who_o ought_v to_o be_v hear_v because_o union_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o alienation_n for_o ever_o which_o deprive_v the_o patron_n of_o his_o right_n there_o be_v many_o other_o formality_n to_o be_v observe_v for_o make_v union_n valid_a in_o france_n where_o in_o reality_n the_o plenitude_n of_o the_o pope_n power_n be_v acknowledge_v france_n the_o pope_n power_n limit_v in_o france_n but_o still_o with_o reservation_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o limit_v it_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o upon_o that_o ground_n the_o parliament_n insist_v when_o they_o rescind_v union_n that_o want_v the_o formality_n and_o declare_v they_o abusive_a the_o council_n of_o trent_n 6._o trent_n sess_n 7._o can._n 6._o have_v also_o declare_v that_o union_n make_v within_o 40_o year_n shall_v be_v null_a unless_o they_o have_v be_v make_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o ordinary_n for_o just_a reason_n and_o those_o who_o be_v concern_v cite_v but_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o these_o word_n fuerit_fw-la word_n nisi_fw-la aliter_fw-la a_o sede_fw-la avostolica_fw-la declaratum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la if_o the_o holy_a see_v have_v not_o declare_v otherwise_o it_o render_v the_o pope_n absolute_a master_n of_o union_n which_o be_v not_o receive_v in_o france_n where_o no_o regard_n be_v have_v to_o the_o prescription_n of_o forty_o year_n for_o remedy_n may_v be_v have_v even_o after_o a_o hundred_o year_n against_o a_o union_n that_o have_v not_o be_v make_v in_o form_n if_o we_o believe_v the_o french_a practitioner_n in_o law_n the_o council_n of_o trent_n however_o be_v not_o altogether_o repugnant_a to_o that_o custom_n it_o will_v have_v no_o respect_n to_o be_v have_v to_o the_o prescription_n of_o forty_o year_n if_o the_o bull_n of_o union_n have_v be_v surreptitious_a or_o obreptitious_a that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o information_n that_o have_v be_v give_v to_o the_o pope_n be_v not_o find_v to_o be_v true_a and_o that_o be_v common_a to_o apostolic_a bull_n and_o rescript_n where_o that_o clause_n be_v always_o suppose_a nitantur_fw-la suppose_a si_fw-mi preces_fw-la veritati_fw-la nitantur_fw-la if_o the_o petition_n declare_v the_o truth_n xii_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o union_n that_o belong_v also_o to_o the_o pope_n alone_o to_o wit_n the_o suppression_n of_o one_o order_n for_o unite_n it_o to_o another_o or_o the_o disunion_n of_o two_o that_o have_v be_v unite_v yet_o that_o can_v be_v do_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n xiii_o the_o decision_n of_o
of_o jerasalem_fw-la from_o who_o descend_v those_o that_o be_v call_v knight_n of_o malta_n that_o order_n be_v much_o different_a from_o other_o religious_a and_o their_o benefice_n differ_v also_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o other_o benefice_n they_o be_v rather_o the_o administration_n of_o hospital_n than_o benesices_n and_o in_o effect_n that_o order_n begin_v by_o a_o hospital_n that_o be_v build_v at_o jerusalem_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o those_o who_o go_v to_o see_v the_o holy_a place_n the_o sound_n of_o hospital_n for_o lodging_n of_o stranger_n be_v ancient_a enough_o and_o there_o be_v either_o in_o the_o bishop_n house_n or_o elsewhere_o place_n appoint_v for_o that_o end_n that_o the_o sick_a may_v be_v take_v care_n of_o and_o other_o charitable_a work_n perform_v for_o which_o part_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o every_o church_n be_v allot_v afterward_o in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a revenue_n of_o church_n and_o many_o private_a person_n give_v land_n and_o inheritance_n to_o be_v erect_v into_o place_n of_o piety_n in_o imitation_n of_o monastery_n they_o can_v be_v say_v proper_o to_o be_v benefice_n because_o the_o rent_n of_o they_o be_v not_o design_v for_o church_n man_n but_o for_o all_o man_n who_o be_v in_o misery_n and_o want_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v as_o many_o kind_n of_o hospital_n as_o there_o be_v calamity_n in_o the_o beginning_n the_o bishop_n have_v the_o care_n of_o these_o monastery_n because_o he_o ought_v to_o provide_v for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o of_o all_o those_o who_o be_v in_o misery_n as_o well_o as_o for_o the_o subsistence_n of_o clerk_n but_o the_o religious_a of_o the_o hospital_n of_o st._n john_n of_o jerusalem_n make_v a_o particular_a body_n in_o the_o church_n which_o have_v to_o this_o day_n its_o particular_a constitution_n to_o speak_v proper_o there_o be_v but_o one_o hospital_n in_o all_o the_o order_n and_o that_o hospital_n be_v at_o present_a repute_v to_o be_v in_o malta_n all_o other_o private_a hospital_n or_o commandery_n be_v but_o member_n of_o that_o hospital_n on_o which_o they_o depend_v and_o therefore_o their_o revenue_n by_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o common_a treasury_n of_o the_o order_n i_o think_v commandery_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o conventual_a prieury_n of_o monk_n commandery_n the_o original_a of_o commandery_n which_o in_o the_o beginning_n be_v only_a administration_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o certain_a place_n distant_a from_o the_o principal_a monastery_n as_o monk_n be_v place_v in_o these_o house_n to_o taâ—e_v care_n of_o the_o rent_n so_o also_o there_o have_v be_v a_o necessity_n of_o send_v knight_n into_o those_o place_n where_o the_o order_n have_v land_n the_o name_n of_o commander_n have_v great_a resemblance_n with_o that_o of_o praepositus_fw-la which_o be_v give_v to_o monk_n who_o manage_v the_o rent_n of_o these_o remote_a house_n beside_o their_o administration_n be_v call_v obedientia_fw-la because_o they_o depend_v whole_o on_o the_o abbot_n who_o give_v they_o that_o commission_n it_o be_v just_o so_o with_o the_o simple_a commander_n of_o malta_n who_o be_v rather_o farmer_n of_o the_o order_n than_o beneficiaries_n they_o have_v nevertheless_o convert_v their_o commission_n or_o farm_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o benetice_n pay_v a_o certain_a acknowledgement_n to_o the_o common_a treasury_n of_o the_o order_n and_o that_o acknowledgement_n be_v call_v responsion_n we_o must_v put_v a_o difference_n then_o betwixt_o hospital_n which_o be_v by_o foundation_n secular_a and_o regular_a hospital_n that_o be_v possess_v by_o religious_a such_o as_o be_v the_o commandery_n we_o speak_v of_o which_o be_v appropriate_v to_o the_o religious_a of_o the_o order_n and_o can_v be_v possess_v by_o other_o nay_o it_o be_v necessary_a also_o that_o those_o of_o the_o order_n be_v qualify_v for_o peaceable_a enjoy_n of_o they_o and_o their_o benefice_n be_v not_o all_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n we_o must_v therefore_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v among_o they_o knight_n chaplain_n and_o serve_v brother_n and_o that_o there_o be_v commandery_n or_o revenue_n assign_v to_o these_o three_o different_a quality_n there_o be_v beside_o the_o great_a officer_n the_o first_o of_o who_o be_v he_o that_o at_o present_a be_v call_v the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o order_n and_o be_v the_o head_n who_o in_o the_o beginning_n be_v the_o master_n of_o the_o hospital_n under_o he_o be_v the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o order_n who_o be_v for_o most_o part_n military_a officer_n because_o of_o the_o employment_n to_o which_o they_o be_v appoint_v such_o as_o the_o admiral_n marshal_z and_o other_o i_o shall_v not_o speak_v here_o of_o the_o bailiff_n or_o conventual_a prior_n who_o be_v of_o the_o great_a cross_n nor_o of_o their_o other_o officer_n because_o the_o institution_n of_o their_o order_n and_o their_o law_n be_v print_v i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o that_o order_n be_v compose_v of_o so_o many_o nation_n yet_o it_o be_v but_o one_o only_a convent_n divide_v into_o several_a tongue_n every_o tongue_n contain_v several_a province_n and_o in_o every_o province_n there_o be_v a_o great_a prior_n who_o from_o time_n to_o time_n hold_v provincial_a chapter_n for_o obtain_v a_o commandery_a one_o must_v be_v of_o the_o nation_n where_o the_o commandery_a lie_n have_v perform_v his_o caravan_n which_o consist_v in_o some_o year_n service_n at_o malta_n and_o be_v of_o the_o quality_n requisite_a for_o the_o commandery_a be_v beside_o bind_v up_o by_o certain_a statute_n but_o they_o be_v often_o dispense_v with_o at_o the_o recommendation_n of_o prince_n who_o have_v also_o make_v concordat_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o malta_n as_o well_o as_o with_o the_o pope_n there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o knight_n who_o also_o enjoy_v church_n land_n marry_v a_o military_a order_n wherein_o one_o may_v marry_v and_o nevertheless_o seem_v neither_o to_o be_v religious_a not_o ecclesiastic_n because_o they_o be_v marry_v they_o call_v themselves_o however_o religious_a and_o have_v their_o law_n as_o other_o religious_a have_v in_o spain_n the_o commander_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n james_n of_o calatrava_n and_o alcantara_n be_v of_o that_o nature_n there_o be_v in_o france_n also_o the_o knight_n of_o st._n lazarus_n who_o may_v marry_v it_o be_v pretty_a difficult_a though_o to_o tell_v upon_o what_o title_n these_o marry_a religious_a possess_v ecclesiastical_a revenue_n unless_o it_o be_v say_v that_o be_v by_o profession_n religious_a they_o ought_v to_o be_v oblige_v to_o chastity_n but_o that_o the_o pope_n who_o according_a to_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o new_a law_n be_v master_n of_o the_o canon_n have_v dispense_v with_o that_o obligation_n and_o that_o by_o a_o apostolical_a privilege_n they_o may_v have_v wife_n which_o be_v conform_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o able_a divine_n who_o think_v that_o the_o pope_n may_v for_o lawful_a cause_n dispense_v with_o monk_n as_o to_o their_o vow_n of_o chastity_n the_o marry_a commander_n of_o these_o order_n must_v then_o be_v reckon_v among_o regulars_n and_o they_o may_v in_o conscience_n enjoy_v under_o the_o title_n of_o regulars_n church_n land_n that_o be_v appropriate_v to_o their_o order_n this_o at_o least_o be_v the_o opinion_n navarre_n opinion_n mart._n navarre_n of_o one_o the_o most_o learned_a and_o strict_a canonist_n of_o our_o age_n who_o call_v philip_n ii_o king_n of_o spain_n the_o great_a prelate_n in_o the_o church_n next_o to_o the_o pope_n because_o he_o be_v the_o chief_a or_o great_a master_n of_o the_o three_o military_a order_n of_o spain_n and_o enjoy_v a_o good_a part_n of_o the_o tithe_n of_o church_n within_o his_o territory_n church_n phil._n 11._o the_o rich_a prelate_n of_o the_o church_n in_o this_o quality_n of_o prelate_n regular_n the_o king_n of_o spain_n be_v the_o rich_a beneficiary_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o see_v he_o be_v not_o only_o great_a master_n of_o the_o order_n of_o st._n james_n calatrava_n and_o alcantara_n but_o be_v also_o king_n of_o spain_n he_o can_v as_o king_n appropriate_a to_o his_o own_o use_n the_o revenue_n of_o his_o commandery_n at_o least_o as_o much_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v he_o live_v like_o a_o king_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o it_o be_v lawful_a according_a to_o the_o maxim_n of_o the_o new_a law_n for_o cardinal_n son_n of_o king_n noble_n and_o man_n of_o letter_n to_o possess_v several_a benefice_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o live_v according_a to_o their_o quality_n from_o all_o that_o hitherto_o have_v be_v say_v it_o be_v easy_a to_o judge_v how_o much_o the_o ecclesiastical_a discipline_n have_v change_v in_o beneficial_a matter_n and_o how_o much_o the_o present_a practice_n differ_v from_o ancient_a custom_n
or_o at_o least_o of_o such_o as_o be_v useful_a to_o the_o church_n for_o these_o union_n still_o subsist_v if_o for_o instance_n a_o priory_n or_o chapel_n be_v so_o ruin_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o restore_v it_o what_o remain_v of_o the_o revenue_n ought_v to_o be_v unite_v to_o another_o church_n if_o the_o prebend_n of_o a_o chapter_n or_o collegiate_n church_n be_v too_o small_a several_a of_o they_o must_v be_v join_v together_o if_o in_o a_o town_n or_o burrough_n there_o be_v too_o many_o cure_n and_o they_o but_o poor_a it_o be_v convenient_a to_o suppress_v some_o of_o they_o and_o give_v the_o revenue_n to_o other_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n a_o simple_a benefice_n may_v be_v join_v to_o a_o poor_a cure_n &_o in_o a_o word_n monastery_n where_o the_o rule_n have_v cease_v may_v be_v join_v to_o a_o bishopric_n that_o have_v not_o a_o competent_a revenue_n but_o in_o all_o these_o union_n the_o advantage_n of_o the_o church_n be_v always_o to_o be_v regard_v and_o the_o right_n of_o superior_n maintain_v otherwise_o they_o be_v abusive_a and_o therefore_o union_n be_v not_o to_o be_v make_v but_o upon_o good_a and_o necessary_a information_n the_o bishop_n have_v right_o to_o make_v these_o union_n unless_o it_o be_v when_o the_o union_n be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o his_o own_o church_n because_o than_o he_o can_v be_v judge_n in_o his_o own_o case_n moreover_o the_o union_n of_o bishopric_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o pope_n though_o reversion_n have_v be_v abolish_v parliament_n of_o the_o indult_n or_o privilege_n of_o member_n of_o parliament_n yet_o there_o be_v in_o france_n privilege_n of_o the_o member_n of_o parliament_n and_o the_o degree_n of_o those_o who_o have_v study_v a_o certain_a time_n in_o the_o famous_a university_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o reversion_n and_o by_o consequent_a be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o right_n of_o ordinary_a collator_n &_o of_o ecclesiastical_a patron_n i_o shall_v not_o speak_v here_o of_o the_o original_a of_o these_o privilege_n only_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o during_o the_o time_n of_o schism_n pope_n grant_v those_o favour_n to_o prince_n to_o great_a man_n that_o be_v powerful_a in_o the_o court_n of_o prince_n and_o to_o such_o as_o may_v be_v a_o hindrance_n to_o they_o in_o their_o settlement_n in_o the_o papacy_n the_o council_n of_o trent_n have_v abolish_v indult_n as_o well_o as_o apostolical_a mandate_n but_o since_o its_o decision_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o france_n the_o privilege_n of_o the_o member_n of_o parliament_n have_v be_v still_o retain_v to_o the_o end_n a_o privilege_n whereof_o we_o be_v speak_v may_v have_v its_o effect_n letter_n must_v be_v procure_v from_o the_o king_n command_v the_o ordinary_a collator_n to_o confer_v on_o he_o who_o have_v the_o privilege_n the_o first_o vacant_a benefice_n of_o his_o collation_n beside_o these_o letter_n must_v be_v intimate_v before_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o benefice_n and_o then_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o collator_n be_v tie_v the_o indultee_n or_o privilege_v person_n have_v six_o month_n to_o require_v the_o benefice_n in_o and_o the_o collator_n can_v be_v charge_v but_o with_o one_o privilege_n during_o his_o life_n or_o if_o it_o be_v a_o community_n which_o die_v not_o than_o it_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o life_n of_o the_o king_n the_o collator_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n can_v former_o oblige_v the_o indultee_n to_o accept_v the_o first_o vacant_a benefice_n provide_v it_o be_v worth_a 200_o franc_n because_o the_o privilege_n be_v de_fw-fr beneficio_fw-la proximè_fw-la vacaturo_fw-la but_o he_o can_v at_o present_v be_v oblige_v to_o it_o unless_o it_o be_v worth_a 600_o franc_n of_o yearly_a rent_n in_o the_o number_n of_o expectative_a grace_n or_o reversion_n may_v also_o be_v reckon_v the_o king_n nomination_n for_o his_o happy_a come_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o his_o nomination_n for_o the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n which_o give_v he_o right_o to_o nominate_v to_o the_o new_a bishop_n after_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o regale_n one_o for_o the_o first_o vacant_a prebend_n degree_n of_o degree_n the_o complaint_n of_o the_o university_n of_o paris_n against_o the_o bishop_n who_o common_o bestow_v benefice_n on_o their_o domestic_n and_o undeserving_a person_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o in_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n it_o be_v decree_v that_o the_o three_o part_n of_o benefice_n shall_v be_v set_v apart_o for_o the_o graduate_n of_o famous_a university_n and_o that_o if_o the_o ordinary_n give_v they_o to_o other_o their_o collation_n shall_v be_v null_a the_o pragmatic_n make_v in_o the_o assembly_n of_o bourge_n ratify_v that_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n but_o with_o this_o qualification_n that_o the_o three_o destine_v for_o graduate_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o that_o two_o three_o of_o that_o three_o shall_v be_v appropriate_v to_o those_o who_o have_v some_o notable_a employment_n in_o the_o university_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o same_o assembly_n that_o the_o university_n shall_v name_v those_o who_o they_o will_v have_v prefer_v and_o thence_o arise_v the_o distinction_n of_o simple_a graduate_n and_o graduate_n name_v the_o concordat_fw-la have_v preserve_v that_o right_n of_o graduate_n but_o because_o fraud_n may_v be_v commit_v in_o the_o three_o of_o benefice_n which_o be_v give_v in_o course_n one_o after_o another_o they_o have_v four_o month_n of_o the_o year_n allot_v to_o they_o to_o wit_n january_n april_n july_n and_o october_n and_o the_o benefice_n that_o fall_v during_o these_o four_o month_n be_v appropriate_v to_o they_o january_n and_o july_n be_v call_v month_n of_o rigour_n because_o the_o collator_n or_o patron_n be_v oblige_v to_o give_v the_o vacant_a benefice_n to_o the_o graduate_n name_v who_o be_v the_o ancient_a and_o have_v most_o right_o whereas_o in_o the_o other_o two_o month_n which_o be_v call_v month_n of_o favour_n he_o be_v free_a to_o give_v the_o vacant_a benefice_n to_o such_o enroll_v graduate_n as_o he_o please_v to_o be_v a_o graduate_n it_o be_v enough_o that_o one_o have_v study_v two_o year_n philosophy_n three_o year_n divinity_n and_o take_v the_o degree_n of_o master_n of_o arts._n yet_o this_o hinder_v not_o but_o that_o their_o bachelor_n graduate_n doctor_n graduate_n graduate_n in_o divinity_n the_o canon_n law_n and_o medicine_n to_o who_o also_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a time_n assign_v and_o in_o case_n of_o competition_n the_o most_o qualify_a graduate_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o other_o though_o it_o be_v sometime_o pretty_a hard_a to_o know_v who_o ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o this_o right_n may_v take_v effect_n the_o letter_n of_o degree_n attestation_n of_o the_o time_n of_o study_n and_o the_o university_n letter_n of_o nomination_n must_v be_v signify_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a patron_n or_o collator_n and_o because_o gentleman_n have_v some_o privilege_n as_o to_o the_o time_n of_o study_n they_o ought_v likewise_o to_o produce_v the_o proof_n of_o their_o quality_n of_o all_o these_o instrument_n and_o act_n the_o patron_n or_o collator_n ought_v to_o keep_v a_o copy_n they_o be_v beside_o oblige_v every_o year_n in_o lent_n to_o renew_v the_o register_n of_o their_o name_n which_o they_o may_v do_v in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a register_n when_o a_o benefice_n fall_v in_o the_o month_n that_o be_v appropriate_v to_o they_o they_o ought_v to_o demand_v it_o within_o six_o month_n and_o that_o be_v expire_v they_o be_v no_o long_o admit_v to_o make_v their_o requisition_n if_o the_o pope_n prevent_v they_o before_o they_o have_v make_v their_o demand_n he_o that_o have_v be_v provide_v by_o the_o pope_n obtain_v the_o benefice_n and_o there_o be_v no_o need_n that_o the_o pope_n shall_v even_o mention_v that_o the_o benefice_n be_v destine_v to_o graduate_n because_o he_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o the_o law_n that_o be_v in_o france_n in_o favour_n of_o graduate_n but_o the_o ordinary_a aught_o to_o specify_v in_o his_o collation_n the_o quality_n of_o the_o graduate_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n for_o which_o he_o give_v the_o benefice_n nevertheless_o he_o may_v still_o put_v question_n to_o the_o graduate_n though_o heretofore_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v exempt_v from_o examination_n but_o the_o easiness_n of_o obtain_v degree_n make_v that_o there_o be_v to_o be_v find_v many_o ignorant_a &_o vicious_a graduate_n and_o therefore_o the_o collator_n and_o even_o the_o patron_n have_v always_o right_a to_o refuse_v they_o if_o they_o judge_v they_o uncapable_a of_o the_o benefice_n which_o they_o have_v demand_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o sort_n of_o benefice_n be_v not_o subject_a to_o graduates_n i._o consistorial_n benefice_n and_o such_o as_o be_v in_o lay-patronage_n be_v exempt_v ii_o the_o
dignity_n of_o cathedral_n church_n but_o among_o these_o dignity_n the_o penitentiary_n be_v not_o reckon_v and_o there_o be_v some_o difficulty_n also_o as_o to_o the_o divinity_n lecture_n though_o there_o be_v judgement_n as_o to_o that_o in_o favour_n of_o graduate_n iii_o the_o right_a of_o graduate_n have_v no_o place_n but_o when_o the_o benefice_n be_v vacant_a by_o death_n iv_o when_o the_o graduate_n have_v a_o benefice_n of_o 400_o franc_n a_o year_n or_o a_o annuity_n of_o the_o same_o value_n which_o stand_v he_o instead_o of_o a_o benefice_n he_o be_v think_v provide_v and_o can_v pretend_v to_o any_o benefice_n in_o quality_n of_o a_o graduate_n unless_o he_o have_v not_o that_o provision_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o degree_n for_o in_o that_o case_n he_o may_v renounce_v his_o benefice_n or_o annuity_n and_o have_v right_a as_o before_o to_o demand_v the_o benefic_n appropriate_v to_o graduate_n the_o reason_n why_o a_o graduate_n have_v a_o benefice_n of_o 400_o franc_n be_v reckon_v provide_v be_v that_o in_o the_o concordat_fw-la 200_o florin_n be_v mention_v which_o have_v be_v value_v at_o 400_o franc_n but_o i_o think_v at_o present_a they_o ought_v to_o be_v value_v at_o 600._o v._n when_o the_o benefice_n that_o fall_v in_o the_o the_o month_n of_o graduate_n be_v under_o rule_n it_o can_v be_v demand_v but_o by_o a_o regular_a graduate_n just_o so_o the_o regular_a can_v demand_v secular_a benefice_n vi_o in_o fine_a if_o a_o indultee_n or_o privilege_v person_n and_o a_o graduate_n demand_v one_o and_o the_o same_o benefice_n the_o indultee_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o graduate_n the_o exemption_n which_o pope_n have_v grant_v to_o several_a church_n exemption_n of_o exemption_n as_o well_o regular_a as_o secular_a have_v also_o much_o derogate_a from_o the_o canonical_a right_n of_o bishop_n because_o abbot_n and_o other_o patron_n confer_v in_o full_a right_o the_o benefice_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o their_o exemption_n and_o they_o fail_v the_o right_o be_v devolve_v on_o the_o pope_n who_o be_v become_v their_o immediate_a superior_a this_o be_v not_o a_o proper_a place_n to_o handle_v these_o exemption_n to_o the_o full_a nor_o to_o speak_v of_o their_o original_a beside_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v somewhat_o as_o to_o that_o subject_a i_o shall_v only_o mention_v what_o relate_v to_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n i._o the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n that_o derogat_n from_o exemption_n be_v not_o receive_v there_o but_o the_o title_n on_o which_o the_o exemption_n be_v found_v be_v examine_v and_o if_o the_o title_n be_v lawful_a the_o privilege_n that_o be_v express_v be_v allow_v ii_o possession_n alone_o be_v not_o enough_o to_o authorise_v these_o privilege_n legal_a title_n must_v also_o be_v produce_v in_o as_o much_o as_o many_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o their_o privilege_n because_o their_o title_n have_v not_o be_v sufficient_o examine_v which_o most_o common_o be_v false_a and_o it_o be_v not_o just_o that_o exemption_n which_o be_v but_o a_o privilege_v right_o shall_v prejudice_v the_o common_a right_n of_o bishop_n unless_o it_o be_v well_o ground_v and_o grant_v for_o lawful_a cause_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v that_o patrocinari_fw-la that_o fraus_fw-la nemini_fw-la debet_fw-la patrocinari_fw-la falsehood_n can_v never_o make_v a_o prescription_n and_o that_o a_o possession_n ground_v on_o a_o bad_a title_n be_v no_o true_a possession_n all_o possible_a rigour_n ought_v to_o be_v use_v then_o against_o the_o right_n of_o exemption_n or_o privilege_n because_o it_o derogate_v from_o the_o common_a law_n and_o nothing_o shall_v be_v grant_v to_o the_o exempt_v but_o what_o be_v express_o set_v down_o in_o their_o title_n of_o exemption_n and_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o the_o privilege_n be_v mention_v in_o plain_a term_n without_o any_o ambiguity_n iii_o the_o more_o ancient_a the_o title_n of_o exemption_n be_v of_o the_o less_o extent_n be_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o exemption_n as_o appear_v by_o ancient_a formulary_n which_o hardly_o contain_v any_o thing_n else_o in_o respect_n of_o monastery_n but_o the_o liberty_n of_o choose_v the_o abbot_n and_o the_o free_a disposition_n of_o all_o their_o revenue_n as_o to_o the_o rest_n they_o be_v entire_o subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n exemption_n as_o we_o find_v they_o now_o a_o day_n begin_v only_o with_o the_o reformation_n of_o cluni_n and_o cisteaux_n who_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o bishop_n by_o the_o title_n of_o their_o foundation_n though_o that_o happen_v in_o a_o disorderly_a time_n yet_o these_o exemption_n be_v not_o meddle_v with_o in_o france_n see_v they_o be_v own_v by_o all_o man_n but_o there_o be_v great_a cause_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o most_o part_n of_o other_o which_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o pope_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o monastery_n there_o be_v but_o few_o of_o they_o that_o be_v true_a in_o their_o full_a extent_n which_o be_v easy_o discover_v when_o one_o set_v serious_o to_o work_v to_o examine_v the_o title_n and_o in_o that_o manner_n peter_n de_fw-fr blois_n arch_n deacon_n of_o the_o church_n of_o bath_n in_o england_n affirm_v that_o the_o exemption_n of_o monastery_n in_o his_o time_n be_v examine_v of_o which_o the_o great_a part_n be_v forge_v by_o the_o monk_n the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n think_v the_o letter_n of_o exemption_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o malmesbury_n to_o be_v false_a quia_fw-la in_o filo_fw-la &_o bulla_n videbantur_fw-la vitiosae_fw-la stilumque_fw-la romanae_fw-la curiae_fw-la minime_fw-la redolebant_fw-la nevertheless_o the_o abbot_n refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o his_o bishop_n fall_v into_o such_o a_o rage_n against_o he_o that_o the_o same_o peter_n de_fw-fr blois_n complain_v of_o it_o in_o his_o letter_n 68_o letter_n petr._n blaes_n epist_n 68_o to_o pope_n alexander_n iii_o to_o who_o upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o abbot_n of_o malmesbury_n he_o represent_v the_o abuse_n of_o exemption_n take_v it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n vile_fw-mi sunt_fw-la abbates_n &_o miseri_fw-la qui_fw-la potestatem_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la non_fw-la exterminant_n cum_fw-la pro_fw-la annua_fw-la auri_fw-la uncia_fw-la plenam_fw-la à _fw-la sede_fw-la romanâ_fw-la possint_fw-la assequi_fw-la libertatem_fw-la by_o this_o it_o be_v apparent_a enough_o that_o monastery_n obtain_v for_o money_n from_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n as_o many_o exemption_n as_o they_o please_v and_o that_o simony_n be_v much_o practise_v by_o the_o monk_n especial_o the_o regular_a abbot_n who_o by_o that_o mean_n shake_v off_o obedience_n to_o their_o bishop_n that_o they_o may_v more_o free_o squander_v away_o the_o revenue_n of_o their_o monastery_n and_o have_v no_o body_n to_o check_v they_o for_o their_o vice_n ibid._n vice_n petr._n blaes_n ibid._n detestantur_fw-la abbates_n habere_fw-la suorum_fw-la excessuum_fw-la correctorem_fw-la vagam_fw-la impunitatis_fw-la licentiam_fw-la amplectuntur_fw-la claustralisque_n militiae_fw-la jugum_fw-la relaxant_fw-la in_o omnem_fw-la desiderii_fw-la libertatem_fw-la hinc_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la monasteriorum_fw-la fere_n omnium_fw-la facultates_fw-la datae_fw-la sunt_fw-la in_o direptienem_fw-la &_o praedam_fw-la these_o and_o many_o other_o reason_n which_o i_o omit_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o no_o great_a favour_n be_v show_v to_o the_o exemption_n of_o monastery_n in_o france_n though_o they_o be_v not_o whole_o reject_v there_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o many_o of_o these_o exemption_n especial_o those_o of_o chapter_n have_v be_v obtain_v in_o the_o time_n of_o schism_n and_o it_o often_o happen_v that_o the_o chapter_n which_o oppose_v its_o bishop_n acknowledge_v one_o pope_n and_o the_o bishop_n another_z and_o that_o be_v to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o title_n of_o exemption_n false_a rule_v how_o to_o distinguish_v true_a exemption_n from_o false_a that_o what_o be_v do_v upon_o occasion_n of_o schism_n may_v not_o be_v authorise_v that_o true_a title_n may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o distinguish_v from_o such_o as_o have_v be_v foist_v and_o counterfeit_v we_o shall_v here_o set_v down_o several_a rule_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v if_o one_o will_v with_o any_o exactness_n make_v that_o distinction_n and_o that_o will_v not_o only_o serve_v to_o discover_v the_o falsity_n of_o privilege_n and_o exemption_n but_o also_o to_o judge_n of_o other_o title_n i._o one_o must_v have_v see_v true_a title_n that_o be_v past_o all_o exception_n according_a to_o which_o be_v to_o be_v examine_v those_o that_o be_v produce_v the_o character_n be_v to_o be_v mind_v if_o it_o be_v a_o original_a piece_n for_o it_o seldom_o happen_v that_o they_o who_o counterfeit_a title_n do_v exact_o imitate_v these_o character_n whether_o it_o be_v that_o they_o write_v too_o hasty_o or_o that_o they_o be_v satisfy_v to_o do_v somewhat_o that_o come_v near_o they_o but_o which_o be_v not_o altogether_o like_a ii_o the_o difference_n of_o
stile_n that_o occur_v betwixt_o true_a piece_n and_o counterfeit_n be_v very_o useful_a for_o distinguish_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o for_o instance_n one_o must_v know_v in_o what_o manner_n prince_n in_o different_a time_n begin_v their_o letter_n and_o how_o they_o finish_v they_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o stile_n have_v not_o be_v always_o the_o same_o beside_o they_o have_v also_o express_v themselves_o in_o different_a manner_n in_o several_a time_n as_o to_o the_o body_n and_o content_n of_o their_o letter_n iii_o the_o way_n of_o date_v letter_n have_v much_o vary_v and_o that_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o have_v not_o be_v always_o mind_v by_o those_o who_o have_v counterfeit_v false_a i_o riviledge_n they_o have_v for_o most_o part_n follow_v the_o custom_n of_o their_o time_n iv_o chronology_n and_o â—he_n subscription_n of_o the_o write_n or_o deed_n be_v to_o be_v mind_v examine_v if_o they_o who_o have_v subscribe_v it_o live_v all_o in_o that_o time_n and_o if_o they_o can_v probable_o be_v all_o together_o in_o the_o place_n speak_v of_o or_o if_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n report_v suit_n with_o the_o custom_n and_o practice_n of_o those_o time_n v._o one_o must_v not_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o time_n when_o certain_a way_n of_o speak_v begin_v to_o be_v in_o use_n for_o it_o be_v easy_o perceive_v that_o a_o piece_n be_v new_a when_o it_o contain_v new_a term_n and_o expression_n vi_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o history_n and_o especial_o what_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o pope_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o write_n do_v not_o attribute_v to_o the_o pope_n who_o grant_v the_o privilege_v some_o right_n which_o he_o do_v not_o as_o yet_o enjoy_v and_o that_o happen_v common_o in_o ancient_a privilege_n because_o they_o who_o have_v counterfeit_v they_o have_v squâ—red_v themselves_o according_a to_o their_o own_o time_n and_o not_o the_o time_n of_o the_o pope_n who_o name_n they_o have_v borrow_v vii_o one_o ought_v to_o know_v chronology_n history_n the_o manner_n of_o beginning_n and_o date_v of_o write_n the_o diversity_n of_o style_n and_o of_o subscription_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o different_a time_n but_o also_o of_o different_a place_n and_o person_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o these_o thing_n have_v vary_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n and_o person_n prince_n do_v not_o always_o agree_v in_o that_o with_o pope_n and_o bishop_n and_o prince_n differ_v also_o among_o themselves_o for_o instance_n the_o manner_n of_o begin_v the_o year_n have_v not_o be_v uniform_a in_o all_o place_n nor_o in_o all_o time_n date_n and_o subscription_n be_v very_o different_a according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n and_o person_n and_o that_o have_v make_v those_o who_o have_v be_v ignorant_a of_o those_o different_a custom_n fall_v into_o such_o gross_a fault_n that_o the_o falsity_n of_o the_o deed_n which_o they_o have_v counterfeit_v stare_v in_o one_o face_n viii_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o common_a than_o to_o see_v counterfeit_a mark_n or_o monograms_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o have_v true_a one_o to_o make_v a_o distinction_n of_o the_o real_a from_o the_o false_a which_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v in_o seal_n that_o have_v be_v often_o counterfeit_v it_o must_v not_o for_o all_o that_o be_v conclude_v that_o a_o deed_n be_v good_a because_o nothing_o seem_v want_v to_o the_o subscription_n nor_o to_o the_o seal_n for_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o easy_a heretofore_o than_o to_o remove_v the_o seal_n from_o one_o deed_n to_o another_o see_v the_o seal_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o parchment_n and_o that_o there_o be_v no_o counter-seal_n the_o seal_n be_v easy_o take_v off_o without_o hurt_v the_o impression_n by_o heat_n the_o parchment_n a_o little_a it_o be_v true_a in_o after_o time_n that_o falsisication_n be_v remedy_v by_o mean_n of_o a_o counter-seal_n and_o a_o little_a string_n that_o tie_v the_o seal_n to_o the_o parchment_n but_o for_o all_o the_o care_n that_o can_v be_v take_v it_o be_v impossible_a altogether_o to_o prevent_v falsification_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o easy_a than_o to_o keep_v the_o subscription_n and_o seal_n entire_a and_o with_o some_o water_n or_o essence_n to_o wash_v out_o all_o the_o writing_n and_o to_o suppose_v another_o title_n in_o what_o manner_n one_o please_v the_o reality_n then_o of_o the_o subscription_n and_o seal_n be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a proof_n but_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a also_o to_o consider_v whether_o the_o parchment_n have_v not_o receive_v some_o alteration_n or_o whether_o the_o ink_n be_v not_o too_o new_a or_o different_a from_o that_o wherewith_o the_o subscription_n have_v be_v make_v ix_o the_o counterfeit_n of_o a_o deed_n have_v sometime_o be_v find_v out_o by_o the_o newness_n of_o the_o parchment_n that_o have_v some_o mark_n to_o make_v it_o know_v by_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o who_o have_v affect_v to_o have_v title_n too_o ancient_a and_o have_v for_o that_o end_n write_v their_o privilege_n on_o the_o bark_n of_o tree_n have_v render_v themselves_o ridiculous_a because_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v make_v out_o that_o at_o that_o time_n when_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v write_v there_o be_v no_o use_n make_v of_o the_o rind_n of_o tree_n at_o least_o in_o europe_n x._o they_o also_o who_o have_v join_v many_o date_n together_o think_v thereby_o to_o render_v their_o title_n more_o authentic_a mark_v the_o year_n of_o prince_n and_o emperor_n with_o the_o indiction_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n and_o time_n wherein_o they_o live_v think_v to_o have_v impose_v on_o other_o by_o a_o odd_a and_o unseasonable_a exactness_n do_v i_o not_o fear_v to_o be_v too_o tedious_a i_o will_v give_v instance_n for_o confirmation_n of_o all_o these_o rule_n but_o that_o deserve_v a_o separate_a work_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v some_o remark_n concern_v cartulary_n because_o i_o perceive_v man_n too_o credulous_o believe_v they_o and_o mind_v not_o that_o part_n of_o the_o title_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o cartulary_n be_v either_o false_a or_o corrupt_v cartulary_n be_v the_o roll_n or_o register_n of_o church_n or_o monastery_n cartulary_n of_o what_o authority_n be_v cartulary_n wherein_o be_v record_v the_o contract_n of_o buy_v sell_v exchange_n privilege_n immunity_n exemption_n and_o other_o deed_n and_o charter_n these_o cartulary_n be_v long_o posteriour_a to_o most_o part_n of_o the_o act_n contain_v in_o they_o and_o they_o be_v only_o make_v for_o preservation_n of_o the_o act_n and_o that_o posterity_n may_v have_v recourseâ—_n to_o they_o but_o there_o be_v strong_a reason_n to_o doubt_v of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o those_o who_o have_v compile_v the_o cartulary_n because_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o false_a or_o corrupt_a title_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n see_v in_o the_o begin_n the_o custom_n of_o write_v title_n or_o act_n of_o foundation_n and_o immunity_n or_o privilege_n be_v not_o as_o yet_o introduce_v the_o compiler_n of_o cartulary_n who_o see_v that_o they_o enjoy_v several_a land_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o some_o privilege_n without_o have_v any_o title_n for_o they_o have_v not_o fail_v to_o make_v and_o to_o insert_v they_o in_o their_o cartulary_n i_o believe_v it_o be_v for_o that_o reason_n that_o the_o title_n which_o be_v in_o the_o cartulary_n attribute_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n of_o the_o first_o race_n be_v almost_o all_o false_a and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n also_o we_o ought_v to_o mistrust_v the_o primitive_a exemption_n which_o be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v suspect_v that_o they_o appear_v the_o more_o ancient_a the_o lawsuit_n that_o bishop_n have_v have_v with_o the_o abbot_n of_o monastery_n have_v also_o much_o contribute_v to_o the_o augmentation_n of_o false_a title_n for_o to_o back_v their_o several_a cause_n they_o spare_v no_o pain_n in_o falsify_v of_o deed_n in_o the_o second_o place_n the_o compiler_n of_o cartulary_n have_v not_o always_o insert_v the_o act_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o original_a write_n which_o be_v easy_o prove_v by_o compare_v the_o original_n with_o the_o copy_n that_o be_v register_v in_o the_o cartulary_n or_o even_o by_o compare_v ancient_a cartulary_n with_o other_o more_o modern_a for_o the_o late_a they_o be_v of_o the_o great_a extent_n they_o be_v we_o find_v for_o instance_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o casaure_n otherwise_o call_v of_o st._n clement_n in_o the_o 6._o the_o ital._n sacr._n tom._n 6._o six_o volume_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o italy_n and_o in_o the_o title_n of_o that_o foundation_n some_o charter_n of_o immunity_n privilege_n and_o