Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	bishop_n	call_v	rome_n	1,449	5	6.6115	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34943	The history of the house of Esté, from the time of Forrestus until the death of Alphonsus the last Duke of Ferrara with an account of the pretended devolution of that dutchy unjustly usurped by Clement VIII : wherein likewise the most considerable revolutions of Italy from the year 452 to the year 1598 are briefly touched.	Craufurd, James, 17th cent.; Craufurd, David, 1665-1726.	1681 (1681)	Wing C6853; ESTC R5167	108,756	324

took their Husbands upon their backs declaring as they past through the Camp that these were the only Jewels they desired to secure from Conrard and his Army this generous act of the Princess and her Ladies did so surprize and please the Emperour that he would see his word made good and thereupon not only pardon'd but was reconciled to Gwelfo giving him back some part of his Brothers inheritance Gwelfo afterwards accompanied Conrard in his expedition to the Holy Land which the treachery of the Greeks rendered insuccessfull at his return he made ready an Army to go into Italy to receive the Imperial Crown and designed to carry Gwelfo with him of whose company he seem'd to be very fond because he durst not leave him behind but his journey being put off by his sickness he lived not to receive that honour and though he left a Son yet his Nephew Frederick Barbarossa succeeded him Frederick's first work was to cement all the breaches of Germany which he did with so much equity and discretion that he gave satisfaction to all parties His Mother was of the House of Bavaria and this made him willing to restore that Dutchy to the Son of Henry and to his Uncle Gwelfo he gave all that the Emperours had recovered of Matildis Estate which I confess was a doing right in some measure to the house of Esté but not to that part of it that had suffered most by her This brings us back to Italy which we shall now find the chief Scene of Affairs and Rinaldus of Esté of age to be the chief Actor for whose sake we must give a more particular account of things as they then stood when Frederick came thither The long absence of an Emperour had brought Affairs into great disorder especially in Lombardy where every City form'd it self into a sort of Republick and dissensions naturally arising betwixt them there was no person that had either Authority to determine their differences or power to see his determinations received The City of Milan affected the Dominion over all the rest had already made some submit and was every day encroaching upon others with an insupportable insolence Many complaints were brought to the Emperour from most of the neighbour Cities declaring that they must submit to the Queen of Lombardy for so Milan stiled her self unless they had his protection The Emperour promised to make what hast he could towards them and to put an end to all their quarrels When he came to the Lago di Garda near Verona he received the complements of the Italian Princes amongst others were Boniface Fulco Opizo and Albertus of Esté his Kinsmen by his Mother who had all conferred on them special marks of his favour But we find nothing of Rinaldus the Chief of the Family who it is thought absented himself being highly disgusted that Matildis Estate should be setled by Frederick upon the German Line The Emperour having rebuked those of Milan and Tortona for their late carriage and required them to make reparation for the injuries done their neighbours went towards Rome and being Anno Christi 1155 Crowned Emperour by Adrian the fourth he returned into Germany Fresh troubles in Italy called him soon back but as his presence converted all their Rebellion into Humility and Duty so his being reconciled upon too easie terms to Milan and Brescia the authors of discord encouraged them to renew their practices when he was gone and for Adrian if we honour him for his Countrey as being of our neighbour-nation of England we must condemn him for his malice against this great Emperour in fomenting their Rebellion When Frederick came to Italy the third time Milan and Brescia had several other Towns joyn'd to them and stood out a long siege yet before he left them they were made to accept of what conditions he pleased to impose which yet were much more gentle than they especially Milan did deserve after having twice abused his clemency About this time Adrian the fourth dying the Election of two Popes Alexander the third and Victor the fourth occasioned a new Schism more dangerous than any of the former both writ to the Emperour then besieging Crema to confirm their Election but he out of pure zeal for the peace of the Church refusing to declare for either called a Council at Pavia where they were summoned to appear to have their Cause heard and determined by their Brethren the Bishops Victor came thither at the day appointed but Alexander continued at Rome whereupon the Council offended at his contempt and judging his not appearance to flow from a diffidence in his Cause gave it in favour of Victor whom the Emperour did then confirm and sent Letters to the Kings of France England and Spain to give an account of what was there concluded Alexander was excommunicated by Victor at Pavia Frederick and Victor by Alexander at Rome and the parties being now irreconcilable Alexander sent a Legat to those of Milan to declare them absolved from the Oaths they had lately sworn and not obliged to make good the Articles which necessity had extorted from them Milan and the Confederate Cities took Arms immediately and resolving to carry on a formed War against the Emperour invited Rinaldus Marquess of Esté to be their General who thinking himself injured and neglected by Frederick did too readily undertake the Patronage of so unjust a Cause The Emperour judging his Army too weak to deal with so many gave order for New Levies in Germany which were finished and sent with great expedition to Italy the Kings likewise of Bohemia Denmark and Norway came in person to his assistance with their choicest troops so that when all his forces were united he had no less than seventy thousand Foot and forty thousand Horse the Confederates likewise had made great preparations Rinaldus of Esté their General brought six thousand Foot and four thousand Horse Brescia Bergamo Piacenza Verona Vicenza Padoua and Bologna sent the numbers agreed on the general review was made at Milan where according to most of the Italian Writers they were fifty thousand men well armed the very first night the Emperour sate down before Milan Rinaldus ordered a sally at four several gates which put the Imperial Army into such confusion that the enemy was like to have dispossest them of their Camp Rinaldus perceiving the Confederate Army to dwindle away insensibly partly by Famine and partly by Sickness occasion'd by their being shut up so close in the hottest season of the year called a Council of War where it was resolved That all should be in readiness next morning to bring the business to an issue the whole Army being accordingly assembled in the great Market place Rinaldus led them out into the Imperial Camp a little before noon where falling in upon the Danes and Norvegians that were secure and unfit for action by reason of the great heat he did so great execution that no perswasion could make them continue

Italy called a Councel at Rome where Benedict the ninth Sylvester the third and Gregory the sixth being convicted of several Crimes were all laid aside and Clement the second chosen Pope and for preventing such abuses it was Decreed That none should be admitted for the future except such as the Emperour approved of all that were present at the Council confirmed it by Oath and during the rest of the Reign of Henry the third this method of Election was observed But Henry the fourth being left young under the Government of his Mother the Romans when there was nothing to apprehend forgot their Oath and made choice of Stephen the ninth without consulting the Emperour Soon after they openly declared he was not to meddle either in the nomination or approbation of Popes and this Doctrine never openly taught before in a short time by the Empresses connivence and the countenance it had from Matildis and her Mother was so universally received that Henry when he came of age found his challenging it as a right the source of all his calamities Matildis gave early proof of her blind attachment to the Pope which her Husband either to secure a party upon occasion against the Emperour or to comply with Matildis's inclinations did much encourage at first and grew sensible of his folly in it too late when he saw her forget not only her duty to her Soveraign the Emperour but likewise to himself who was her husband The person that bewitched Matildis was Hildibrand afterwards Gregory the seventh to whose Councils she gave her self up so entirely that her Forces her Money and her Interests were all at his disposal Hildibrand was of mean extraction the Son as Cranzius an accurate writer sayes of a Smith and designed for a Monk but being more enclined to business than devotion or a retired life he abandon'd the Cloister and went to Rome where his natural subtilty and ambition masked with an appearance of virtue and a publick spirit raised him in a few years to such a pitch that whatsoever Pope they chose without his consent was soon dispatch'd and even those whom he advanced if they prov'd not for his purpose had no better luck as Benno and other of their Writers inform us By the means of one Brazutus his old acquaintance in the Magick School no less than six Popes were poison'd in thirteen years Every one could easily discern how well Matildis was like to thrive in such hands The Pope that immediately preceded Hildibrand was Alexander the second formerly Bishop of Luca whom he had set up in opposition to the Emperour but eas'd him of the trouble of governing the Bishops therefore of Lombardy not longer able to see Henries Authority thus contemned the decree of their Council slighted and their oath broken perswaded the Emperour to call a Council at Basil where Alexander was declared an Usurper and Cadolus Bishop of Parma chosen Pope by the name of Honorius the second most of the Prelates and Nobility of Lombardy accompanied Honorius in his journey to Rome but Matildis at the head of an Army opposed him and the Emperour in behalf of Alexander and Hildibrand After many contests both parties agreeing to hold a Anno Christi 1063 Council at Mantoua the Emperour though there present was betrayed for Matildis by Hildibrands direction corrupting one part of the Council and over-awing another in her own City had Honorius cast and Alexander confirmed And Hildibrand not satisfied with the Popes Authority and his Revenue procured a dose to be given Alexander to make way for himself From one raised by such steps they could not but expect extraordinary things at first he seemed to apprehend the Emperours resentment of his illegal election but Matildis offering to sacrifice Life and Fortune in his Cause quickly removed his fears and Anno Christi 1073 encouraged him to write to the Emperour in a style not used by his predecessors nor was this all he summoned him by his New Authority to appear personally at Rome there to answer in a Synod to such Articles as were brought against him threatning that if he refused to come he would pass to the sentence of Excommunication The divisions of Germany made the Emperour unwilling to come to a breach with the Pope who he knew had made sure of Matildis yet no reasonable condescension being able to satisfie Gregory they advised the Emperour to take the start of him and to assemble a Council at Wormes to look first into Gregories actions At the opening of this Assembly strange were the accusations brought in against Gregory and none plainer than those of Hugo one of his Cardinals who presented Letters from Rome signed by many persons of unsuspected integrity shewing at large his Crimes both before and after his coming to the Papacy and how the Election was carried for him by Matildis and her Guards whose acclamations served him to better purpose than the Votes of those who were to chuse All which being impartially examined and considered Gregory as the Abbot of Vrspergh relates was declared an Usurper an introducer of dangerous Novelties and a person of a scandalous life that had no right to his dignity and was no longer to be obeyed The news being brought into Italy several of the Lombard Bishops at Pavia confirmed what had past at Wormes Matildis and Gregory all this while were very hard at work she in raising Forces to defend the Pope if any should attempt to dispossess him and he in laying out her treasure among the Bishops that things might pass against Henry according to their minds in the Synod appointed at Rome Little did they think that any durst have proclaimed the Decree of Wormes in an Assembly composed of Gregories own Creatures and where he in person did preside guarded by Matildis's troops but one Roland a Priest of Parma coming boldly up without paying him any respect required him in the name of the most Religious Emperour and of the most Reverend Bishops of Italy France and Germany to resign the Sacred Charge into which by craft simony and other evil arts he had thrust himself declaring that he was no true Shepherd Father nor Pope but a Thief a Wolf and a Tyrant and while all were in a consternation to hear such words Roland happily made his escape Matildis was now become a widow by the death of the Duke of Lorain and had indeed liv'd as such for several years past her jealousie of the Dukes being no friend to Gregory made her afraid to be advised by him or to allow him leave to meddle in her affairs and her Husband upon the other hand seeing himself neglected and no gainer at all by his great Match retired into his own Countrey full of trouble and survived his Father but a few years Gregory judging it against his interest to have Matildis married to any foreign Prince in whom he could have no confidence proposed to her Azo Marquess of Esté who was the only person