people_n be_v find_v dead_a in_o their_o sled_n the_o cold_a also_o endure_v a_o long_a time_n the_o frost_n ordinary_o begin_v with_o november_n but_o break_v not_o up_o till_o april_n i.e._n till_o the_o sun_n have_v be_v some_o considerable_a time_n above_o their_o horizon_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o their_o plant_n and_o whatsoever_o be_v underground_o in_o winter_n be_v ready_a to_o thrust_v itself_o into_o the_o air_n as_o soon_o as_o it_o have_v liberty_n their_o rye_n for_o this_o reason_n they_o sow_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o snow_n and_o ice_n be_v melt_v it_o may_v spring_v and_o have_v time_n to_o ripen_v but_o all_o their_o other_o corn_n which_o require_v not_o so_o much_o maturation_n they_o sow_v not_o till_o may._n and_o it_o be_v by_o stranger_n much_o take_v notice_n of_o that_o even_o almost_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o snow_n be_v go_v the_o field_n be_v all_o green_a and_o plant_n spring_n much_o fast_o than_o 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author_n affirm_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o well_o people_v as_o it_o may_v be_v partly_o because_o of_o their_o war_n which_o devour_v always_o great_a quantity_n of_o they_o and_o partly_o because_o they_o be_v lazy_a and_o take_v more_o care_n themselves_o to_o live_v in_o ease_n and_o plenty_n then_o to_o multiply_v their_o nation_n or_o employ_v more_o hand_n then_o of_o needs_o they_o must_v these_o forest_n must_v needs_o be_v very_o well_o store_v with_o beast_n and_o fowl_n their_o beast_n be_v elk_n which_o the_o german_n call_v elans_n and_o olan_n and_o the_o russes_z lozzi_n not_o much_o unlike_a to_o the_o rain-deer_n wild_a bull_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o bisontes_n of_o the_o ancient_n boar_n bear_n of_o a_o prodigious_a magnitude_n strength_n and_o cruelty_n both_o white_a and_o black_a wolf_n also_o too_o many_o for_o in_o a_o hard_a winter_n both_o the_o bear_n who_o sleep_v not_o when_o hunger_n pinch_v they_o and_o wolf_n be_v very_o pernicious_a to_o 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so_o many_o in_o all_o as_o the_o tatar_n to_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o slaughter_n fill_v nine_o great_a sack_n with_o their_o right_a ear_n and_o the_o arabian_a author_n say_v they_o amount_v to_o 270000_o which_o be_v manifest_o false_a if_o speak_v of_o this_o battle_n if_o of_o all_o the_o war_n may_v have_v some_o probability_n this_o battle_n be_v fight_v v._o id._n apr._n 1241_o at_o a_o place_n thence_o call_v walstad_n a_o mile_n from_o lignitz_n the_o tatar_n also_o be_v so_o weaken_v that_o they_o stir_v not_o out_o of_o their_o camp_n for_o fifteen_o day_n space_n to_o cure_v their_o man_n and_o to_o deliberate_v whither_o they_o shall_v march_v next_o and_o they_o resolve_v upon_o moravia_n to_o be_v near_o to_o their_o general_n the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n raise_v what_o man_n he_o can_v send_v they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o very_a valiant_a and_o expert_a soldier_n jaroslaus_n a_o sternberg_n to_o defend_v such_o place_n as_o be_v most_o 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after_o this_o make_v a_o attempt_n upon_o austria_n and_o endeavour_v to_o swim_v a_o great_a river_n he_o be_v drown_v other_o that_o go_v against_o the_o greek_a emperor_n he_o be_v overthrow_v however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v agree_v that_o his_o army_n return_v back_o and_z seizing_z upon_o all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o boristhenes_n and_o volga_n and_o the_o taurica_n chersonesus_n which_o before_o they_o very_o much_o waste_v there_o settle_v unto_o this_o day_n be_v call_v crim-tartar_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o chersonesus_n call_v crim_n and_o precopense_n from_o precop_n which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v a_o ditch_n such_o a_o one_o be_v draw_v across_o the_o isthmus_n to_o cut_v of_o that_o peninsula_n from_o the_o continent_n the_o tartar_n at_o first_o be_v lord_n yet_o not_o absolute_a for_o they_o acknowledge_v the_o superiority_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n the_o chief_a heir_n of_o gingis-chan_n till_o lochtan-chan_n one_o of_o the_o descendant_n from_o batu_n refuse_v obedience_n to_o he_o and_o take_v upon_o himself_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o all_o those_o place_n except_o some_o few_o city_n in_o taurica_n which_o notwithstanding_o their_o conquest_n remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o genovese_n their_o inhabitant_n till_o about_o the_o year_n 1574_o when_o mahomet_n ii_o emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n take_v they_o a_o little_a before_o that_o they_o have_v forsake_v their_o old_a religion_n of_o gingis-chan_n by_o the_o practice_n of_o hedegh_n and_o sida-hameth-chan_n their_o emperor_n and_o embrace_v the_o mahometan_a yet_o the_o common_a people_n be_v not_o very_o zealous_a in_o it_o to_o this_o day_n but_o make_v use_n of_o their_o little_a puppet-idol_n of_o felt_n etc._n etc._n and_o continue_v many_o other_o pagan_a custom_n of_o their_o former_a religion_n mahomet_n the_o great_a fear_v they_o shall_v grow_v too_o powerful_a for_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o take_v in_o the_o city_n of_o caffa_n possess_v by_o the_o genovese_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o chersonesus_n and_o of_o the_o city_n of_o azoph_n or_o azek_n a_o strong_a place_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o tanais_n afterward_o the_o crim-tartar_n aid_v selimus_n i._o who_o marry_v his_o daughter_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o man_n against_o his_o father_n and_o then_o the_o two_o nation_n make_v a_o league_n that_o the_o tartar_n shall_v assist_v the_o turk_n when_o require_v with_o 50000_o horse_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o make_v war_n except_o against_o the_o muscovite_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o turk_n that_o they_o shall_v yearly_o pay_v to_o the_o turk_n a_o tribute_n of_o three_o hundred_o christian_n some_o fur_n butter_n and_o such_o other_o thing_n and_o the_o turk_n shall_v pay_v they_o 5500_o ducat_n and_o the_o cham_n shall_v succeed_v to_o the_o turkish_a empire_n if_o the_o male_n of_o the_o ottoman_a line_n shall_v fail_v but_o this_o last_v not_o long_o for_o amurath_n iii_o in_o the_o year_n 1584._o quarrel_v mahomet_n the_o crim-tartar_n as_o if_o he_o design_v to_o intercept_v osman_n bassa_n in_o his_o return_n from_o persia_n to_o constantinople_n authorize_v osman_n to_o invade_v he_o who_o take_v he_o and_o his_o two_o son_n strangle_v they_o and_o set_v up_o islan_n the_o brother_n of_o mahomet_n under_o such_o condition_n as_o the_o grand_a signior_n please_v the_o tartar_n do_v enjoy_v also_o all_o the_o country_n of_o budziak_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o niester_n and_o boristhenes_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o the_o turk_n have_v seize_v upon_o that_o so_o that_o now_o their_o dominion_n reach_v only_o between_o dnieper_n or_o boristhenes_n and_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n and_o of_o this_o that_o peninsula_n call_v taurica_n chersonesus_n be_v the_o chief_a part_n that_o peninsula_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o or_o chersonesus_n be_v call_v taurica_n because_v inhabit_v by_o a_o sort_n of_o scythian_n call_v tauri_n and_o tauro-scythae_a afterward_o the_o greek_n mingle_v among_o they_o and_o bring_v the_o country_n into_o great_a beauty_n and_o fame_n but_o their_o name_n and_o action_n belong_v to_o the_o ancient_a geography_n the_o genovese_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o great_a feud_n of_o the_o greek_n among_o themselves_o in_o the_o year_n 1266_o or_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o holy-war_n take_v caffa_n and_o plant_v a_o considerable_a interest_n in_o the_o country_n the_o tartar_n either_o permit_v they_o because_o of_o the_o gain_n they_o make_v by_o their_o traffic_n principal_o of_o slave_n which_o they_o furnish_v to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o especial_o to_o egypt_n who_o general_o have_v all_o their_o mamaluke_n as_o long_o as_o that_o government_n last_v from_o this_o place_n or_o not_o be_v skill_v in_o besiege_v of_o town_n especial_o such_o as_o can_v be_v perpetual_o relieve_v and_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o genovese_n for_o have_v beside_o this_o a_o great_a plantation_n at_o pera_n near_o constantinople_n they_o thereby_o enjoy_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o the_o black-sea_n till_o as_o we_o say_v they_o be_v ruin_v by_o the_o turk_n since_o which_o time_n i_o can_v find_v that_o it_o have_v suffer_v any_o considerable_a alteration_n we_o shall_v therefore_o describe_v it_o be_v by_o christian_n a_o unfrequented_a country_n out_o of_o mart._n broniovius_n who_o be_v send_v ambassador_n twice_o thither_o from_o stephanes_n battori_n king_n of_o poland_n from_o which_o such_o little_a information_n as_o we_o meet_v with_o since_o do_v not_o considerable_o differ_v this_o chersonesus_n then_o be_v about_o fifty_o league_n long_o and_o thirty_o where_o broad_a the_o first_o town_n at_o the_o entrance_n upon_o the_o east_n be_v przecop_n call_v by_o the_o tartar_n or_o situate_v upon_o the_o dyke_n in_o the_o narrow_a part_n of_o the_o isthmus_n where_o it_o be_v not_o above_o a_o mile_n wide_a ancient_o call_v eupatoria_n pompeiopolis_n beside_o other_o name_n it_o be_v now_o a_o small_a town_n of_o about_o four_o hundred_o fire_n it_o have_v a_o stone_n castle_n but_o not_o strong_a wherein_o the_o cham_n have_v continual_o he_o beg_v or_o palatine_n who_o command_v the_o guard_n upon_o the_o river_n of_o boristhenes_n and_o tanais_n as_o also_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o plain_n betwixt_o he_o also_o examine_v all_o stranger_n suffer_v none_o to_o pass_v without_o the_o cham_n letter_n sachingeri_fw-la the_o great_a cham_fw-mi here_o overthrow_v the_o nagay-tartar_n and_o raise_v seventeen_o fort_n upon_o the_o dyke_n some_o of_o they_o of_o the_o skull_n and_o bone_n of_o the_o slay_v coslow_n situate_v near_o unto_o the_o black_a sea_n be_v a_o town_n of_o traffic_n have_v near_o two_o thousand_o house_n and_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o cham._n ingerman_n be_v now_o only_a a_o castle_n but_o have_v be_v a_o great_a town_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o ruin_n among_o which_o
be_v many_o cave_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o rock_n well_n and_o old_a building_n of_o the_o greek_n witness_v by_o their_o inscription_n there_o very_o frequent_a it_o be_v now_o a_o inconsiderable_a place_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o turk_n sari-germen_a by_o the_o turk_n by_o the_o tartar_n topetarkan_n ancient_o chersonesus_n and_o corsuna_n the_o noble_a and_o most_o ancient_a city_n of_o all_o the_o peninsula_n be_v still_o compass_v with_o a_o strong_a stone-wall_n and_o divers_a aqueduct_n and_o other_o noble_a building_n entire_a but_o without_o inhabitant_n the_o turk_n every_o day_n fetch_v away_o the_o marble_n and_o stone_n for_o other_o building_n volodomir_n the_o grand_a tzar_n take_v this_o town_n from_o joannes_n zimisces_n and_o among_o other_o rich_a plunder_v carry_v away_o two_o large_a royal_a brazen_a gate_n to_o kiow_n from_o whence_o boleslaus_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n transfer_v they_o to_o gnesna_n where_o they_o still_o remain_v they_o say_v also_o that_o volodomir_n be_v here_o baptize_v balachey_n or_o balaclawa_n by_o the_o genovese_n call_v jamboli_n or_o the_o tower_n of_o fish_n the_o sea_n there_o be_v very_o well_o store_v situate_a under_o the_o mountain_n baba_n the_o genovese_n take_v it_o without_o any_o loss_n from_o the_o greek_n and_o make_v it_o a_o very_a commodious_a beautiful_a and_o strong_a haven_n the_o turk_n at_o this_o day_n build_v here_o their_o galley_n and_o ship_n though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o poor_a town_n at_o most_o but_o of_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o fire_n the_o inhabitant_n turk_n jew_n and_o greek_n mangut_n or_o mancus_fw-la be_v a_o very_a magnificent_a city_n though_o not_o by_o the_o seashore_n but_o first_o by_o the_o turk_n and_o afterward_o by_o a_o great_a fire_n it_o be_v so_o waste_v that_o nothing_o now_o remain_v of_o it_o except_o one_o high_a tower_n and_o a_o strong_a stone-house_n whereinto_o the_o cham_n thrust_v the_o russ-ambassador_n as_o often_o as_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o quarrel_v his_o master_n there_o be_v some_o few_o turk_n jew_n and_o greek_n that_o inhabit_v there_o in_o all_o about_o sixty_o fire_n there_o remain_v still_o upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o some_o of_o the_o church_n the_o picture_n of_o divers_a of_o the_o greek_a emperor_n and_o other_o famous_a man_n cercessigerman_n be_v a_o small_a turkish_a fort_n not_o far_o from_o mancop_n the_o palace_n of_o the_o cham_n be_v situate_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o country_n baciasaray_v baccasaray_v be_v a_o town_n of_o about_o two_o thousand_o house_n wherein_o be_v a_o meschite_a and_o divers_a sepulchre_n of_o the_o cham_n very_o magnificent_a as_o be_v their_o palace_n build_v with_o great_a charge_n by_o their_o former_a prince_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o country_n very_o proper_a for_o hunt_v and_o fowl_v and_o be_v noble_o adorn_v with_o garden_n orchard_n bath_n etc._n etc._n almasaray_v be_v another_o house_n whither_o he_o sometime_o retire_v in_o a_o town_n of_o about_o seventy_o fire_n there_o be_v also_o divers_a little_a castle_n where_o his_o own_o brethren_n child_n and_o their_o wife_n be_v keep_v sortasse_fw-la be_v a_o town_n where_o the_o ambassador_n of_o foreign_a prince_n have_v many_o time_n liberty_n to_o divert_v themselves_o at_o creme_a or_o crim_n ancient_o taphros_n and_o taphrae_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v crim-tartar_n be_v his_o mint_n and_o a_o very_a strong_a castle_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o town_n be_v most_o inhabit_v by_o turk_n in_o all_o about_o a_o hundred_o house_n sidagios_n or_o sudacum_fw-la be_v a_o very_a noble_a and_o strong_a city_n situate_v in_o the_o mountain_n take_v by_o the_o genovese_n from_o the_o greek_n so_o set_v one_o family_n against_o another_o that_o they_o will_v not_o come_v to_o the_o same_o church_n the_o turk_n by_o a_o long_a and_o difficult_a siege_n take_v it_o from_o the_o genovese_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o wine_n grow_v thereabouts_o caffa_n or_o theodosia_n still_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o peninsula_n have_v betwixt_o five_o and_o six_o thousand_o house_n inhabit_v most_o part_n by_o christian_n who_o have_v about_o forty-five_o church_n greek_n armenian_n and_o remainder_n of_o the_o italian_n some_o turk_n and_o few_o tartar_n all_o under_o a_o turkish_a sangiac_n slave_n they_o reckon_v there_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o a_o town_n of_o great_a traffic_n about_o two_o day_n sail_v from_o constantinople_n yet_o be_v it_o nothing_o to_o what_o it_o be_v under_o the_o genovese_n kerky_n be_v a_o little_a town_n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o about_o a_o hundred_o family_n upon_o the_o straight_o call_v ancient_o bosphora_n cimmerius_n which_o be_v here_o about_o three_o league_n broad_a this_o town_n be_v open_a for_o the_o grand_a signior_n will_v not_o allow_v the_o tartar_n to_o have_v any_o fortify_v town_n beside_o przecop_n over_o against_o this_o be_v taman_a a_o town_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o continent_n in_o the_o country_n call_v ancient_o colchis_n now_o the_o circassian_n or_o petigor-tartar_n karasu_n belong_v to_o the_o cham_n and_o have_v above_o a_o thousand_o house_n tusla_n be_v among_o the_o saltwork_n and_o have_v about_o eighty_o house_n arabet_fw-la or_o orbotec_n be_v a_o double_a castle_n near_o to_o which_o the_o cham_n keep_v his_o stud_n or_o breed_v of_o horse_n which_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v about_o seventy_o thousand_o the_o country_n towards_o the_o south_n be_v mountainous_a and_o consequent_o well_o water_v the_o rest_n plain_a and_o good_a pasture_n but_o want_v water_n for_o that_o near_a at_o hand_n be_v brackish_a and_o their_o good_a water_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o very_o deep_a well_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o want_n dug_n by_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o chersonesus_n przecop_n the_o country_n of_o przecop_n without_o this_o the_o crim-tartar_n enjoy_v all_o betwixt_o boristhenes_n nieper_n and_o tanais_n don_n which_o from_o ossove_n upon_o the_o don_n to_o the_o nieper_n in_o a_o strait_a line_n be_v account_v about_o four_o hundred_o english_a mile_n but_o the_o nieper_n fetch_v a_o great_a compass_n eastward_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o this_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a and_o even_a ground_n and_o rich_a pasturage_n without_o any_o town_n or_o constant_a habitation_n or_o propriety_n only_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o cham_fw-mi by_o his_o officer_n appoint_v what_o part_n shall_v be_v till_v and_o in_o february_n proclamation_n be_v make_v among_o all_o the_o tartar_n that_o if_o any_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o till_o any_o ground_n they_o shall_v get_v all_o their_o matter_n ready_a by_o such_o a_o day_n when_o they_o will_v go_v to_o such_o a_o place_n commodious_a for_o that_o purpose_n and_o according_o some_o do_v go_v and_o the_o rest_n attend_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o be_v not_o disturb_v betwixt_o this_o plain_a and_o russia_n lie_v waste_v a_o great_a country_n as_o they_o say_v require_v twenty_o day_n to_o cross_v it_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n and_o sometime_o under-water_n which_o be_v the_o great_a security_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o empire_n the_o government_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o cham._n crim-tartar_n the_o government_n of_o the_o crim-tartar_n the_o cadi_n determine_v lesser_a cause_n but_o capital_a and_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o cham_n himself_o with_o his_o council_n he_o be_v of_o easy_a access_n and_o reasonable_o just_a he_o always_o choose_v a_o galga_n who_o be_v next_o to_o he_o alive_a and_o succeed_v after_o death_n this_o be_v common_o his_o son_n or_o brother_n according_a to_o merit_v if_o any_o one_o have_v better_a pretension_n he_o fly_v to_o the_o grand_a signior_n who_o judge_n the_o cause_n his_o young_a son_n be_v sultan_n and_o be_v bring_v up_o by_o such_o as_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o their_o wife_n with_o who_o they_o be_v educate_v till_o of_o sufficient_a strength_n and_o according_a to_o their_o fitness_n they_o be_v furnish_v with_o command_n either_o in_o his_o own_o country_n or_o be_v recommend_v to_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n who_o willing_o receive_v they_o part_v also_o be_v hostage_n with_o the_o turk_n when_o the_o family_n of_o gingis-chan_n be_v numerous_a and_o potent_a they_o choose_v always_o the_o chan_n but_o sachibgerei_fw-la and_o deuletigerei_fw-la chans_n make_v away_o with_o most_o of_o they_o and_o settle_v the_o dominion_n in_o their_o own_o posterity_n the_o chan_n have_v many_o officer_n and_o counsellor_n hamiat_fw-la be_v those_o who_o take_v care_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o foreign_a prince_n captain_n also_o coracei_n vlans_n and_o the_o best_a of_o the_o murse_n be_v call_v to_o council_n the_o vlans_n be_v those_o of_o a_o ancient_a family_n of_o chans_n but_o be_v deprive_v of_o it_o by_o the_o gierey_n the_o name_n of_o the_o
shall_v be_v summon_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o interrex_n of_o poland_n that_o in_o every_o such_o election_n the_o lithuanian_a and_o polish_v nobility_n shall_v have_v equal_a power_n in_o give_v of_o voice_n that_o whoever_o by_o a_o majority_n of_o voice_n of_o both_o nation_n shall_v be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n shall_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v pronounce_v great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n that_o the_o election_n shall_v always_o be_v have_v in_o some_o place_n near_o the_o confine_n of_o both_o country_n that_o the_o parliament_n shall_v sit_v in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n by_o turn_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o the_o moscovite_n make_v many_o and_o terrible_a incursion_n into_o lithuania_n which_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o that_o success_n that_o a._n d._n 1655_o he_o take_v vilna_n this_o hold_v he_o keep_v till_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o swede_n who_o oppress_v he_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n drive_v he_o out_o and_o make_v he_o retreat_n as_o far_o as_o the_o confine_n of_o moscovy_n however_o the_o war_n cease_v not_o till_o in_o january_n 1667_o a_o truce_n for_o thirteen_o year_n be_v agree_v on_o upon_o these_o condition_n that_o polockz_n vitepski_n duneburg_n and_o the_o hither_o liefland_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o polander_n provide_v that_o nevel_n vieliss_n and_o sebisch_n be_v except_v from_o the_o palatinate_v of_o polockz_n and_o vitepski_n that_o the_o moscovite_n shall_v retain_v smolensko_n sevir_n and_o all_o the_o vkrain_n beyond_o boristhenes_n that_o kiow_n after_o two_o year_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n etc._n etc._n the_o country_n be_v full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n soil_n soil_n which_o yield_v good_a store_n of_o venison_n and_o fish_n the_o forest_n also_o afford_v they_o great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n and_o pitch_n the_o land_n be_v tolerable_o fruitful_a but_o the_o extreme_a cold_a too_o often_o spoil_v their_o harvest_n the_o great_a trade_n of_o lithvania_n lie_v in_o pitch_n commodity_n commodity_n tar_n and_o timber_n which_o be_v transport_v into_o holland_n and_o other_o foreign_a nation_n for_o these_o they_o receive_v in_o salt_n and_o wine_n for_o all_o other_o necessary_n they_o be_v well_o enough_o provide_v be_v well_o stock_v with_o great_a herd_n of_o cattle_n though_o they_o be_v not_o so_o large_a as_o in_o germany_n and_o other_o their_o neighbour_a country_n and_o considerable_a flock_n of_o sheep_n beside_o the_o wood_n furnish_v they_o with_o ermine_n sable_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o fur_n to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o otherwise_o intolerable_a sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n the_o lithvanians_n seem_v to_o have_v nature_n proportionate_a to_o their_o quality_n people_n temperâ—â—_n the_o people_n for_o the_o noble_n be_v as_o proud_a and_o domineer_a and_o the_o commonalty_n as_o sneak_v and_o mean_v spirit_v here_o as_o in_o any_o part_n of_o europe_n the_o reason_n of_o such_o inequality_n of_o temper_n proceed_v from_o the_o unreasonable_a slavery_n that_o landlord_n force_v their_o tenant_n to_o undergo_v if_o you_o have_v but_o a_o good_a train_n of_o attendance_n you_o may_v uncontrolable_o plunder_v any_o peasant_n house_n in_o the_o land_n and_o if_o you_o please_v give_v he_o a_o kick_n into_o the_o bargain_n he_o dare_v not_o open_a his_o mouth_n except_o to_o give_v you_o thanks_o for_o give_v over_o when_o you_o be_v weary_a they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n five_o or_o six_o day_n in_o the_o week_n and_o if_o he_o spare_v they_o as_o be_v usual_o monday_n they_o must_v work_v on_o sunday_n for_o themselves_o if_o any_o ask_v they_o a_o reason_n why_o they_o labour_v that_o day_n they_o will_v ready_o reply_v ought_v we_o not_o to_o eat_v on_o sunday_n as_o well_o as_o other_o day_n in_o their_o war_n with_o poland_n they_o give_v a_o sad_a testimony_n of_o their_o barbarous_a cruelty_n the_o usual_a attendant_n of_o a_o low_a spirit_n by_o deny_v quarter_n to_o all_o captive_n rip_v up_o woman_n with_o child_n murder_v of_o infant_n etc._n etc._n they_o be_v perfidious_a to_o their_o prince_n and_o regardless_o of_o oath_n and_o promise_n nova_fw-la totius_fw-la livoniae_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n the_o rustic_n eat_v bread_n make_v of_o the_o ear_n of_o wheat_n not_o winnow_v nor_o thresh_v this_o they_o call_v duonos_n a_o gift_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o the_o polander_n call_v bread_n bozydar_n and_o the_o german_n gottes-gab_a the_o gift_n of_o god_n and_o not_o proverb_n be_v more_o ordinary_a in_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o lithvanians_n then_o dieva_n dave_v dantes_fw-la dosi_fw-la duonos_fw-la i_o e._n god_n that_o give_v tooth_n will_v give_v bread_n the_o rest_n of_o their_o diet_n be_v flesh_n herb_n and_o root_n of_o which_o they_o have_v plenty_n the_o most_o general_a drink_n of_o the_o country_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o brandy_n make_v of_o corn._n beside_o this_o they_o have_v some_o beer_n and_o a_o sort_n of_o mead_n boil_v with_o hops_n which_o be_v keep_v sometime_o a_o hundred_o year_n together_o in_o nobleman_n house_n of_o late_o there_o have_v be_v bring_v hither_o great_a quantity_n of_o spanish_a and_o french_a wine_n from_o konigsberg_n and_o other_o place_n near_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o lithvanians_n general_o as_o well_o in_o city_n as_o village_n speak_v the_o russian_a language_n and_o write_v all_o plead_n and_o proceed_n of_o courts-judicature_n in_o that_o tongue_n however_o there_o be_v a_o great_a mixture_n of_o latin_a word_n in_o their_o talk_n which_o seem_v to_o confirm_v the_o story_n of_o palaemon_n so_o for_o ignis_fw-la they_o say_v ugnis_fw-la unda_fw-la wanda_fw-la aer_fw-la oras_fw-la sol_fw-la soul_fw-mi mensis_fw-la menuo_fw-la dies_fw-la diena_fw-la ros_fw-fr rasa_fw-la deus_fw-la diewas_n vir_fw-la viras_n etc._n etc._n beside_o they_o have_v many_o polish_v word_n though_o these_o two_o language_n be_v not_o original_o the_o same_o the_o latin_a tongue_n be_v as_o common_a here_o as_o in_o poland_n and_o you_o shall_v not_o meet_v a_o lithvanian_a from_o a_o duke_n to_o a_o ploughman_n that_o can_v give_v you_o a_o answer_n in_o that_o language_n it_o be_v probable_a the_o greek_n first_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o write_v for_o they_o call_v letter_n goomata_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d unless_o perhaps_o they_o have_v they_o more_o immediate_o from_o the_o russian_n who_o use_v the_o same_o word_n no_o nation_n in_o europe_n have_v be_v more_o besot_v with_o idolatry_n than_o lithvania_n among_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o false_a god_n they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ancient_a egyptian_n greek_n roman_n and_o indian_n be_v great_a worshipper_n of_o serpent_n and_o many_o of_o they_o continue_v so_o till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n of_o which_o signismund_n baron_n of_o herberstein_n in_o comment_n rer_n 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footstep_n of_o this_o idolatry_n for_o in_o many_o village_n both_o in_o lithvania_n and_o prussia_n you_o shall_v meet_v with_o poor_a boar_n that_o keep_v adder_n in_o their_o house_n to_o which_o they_o though_o profess_a christian_n pay_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a superstitious_a respect_n and_o fancy_v some_o great_a misfortune_n will_v befall_v they_o if_o these_o laria_n take_v any_o harm_n beside_o the_o ancient_a lithvanians_n have_v a_o idol_n call_v by_o they_o percune_n to_o who_o they_o keep_v a_o continual_a fire_n burn_v with_o as_o much_o caution_n and_o diligence_n as_o ever_o the_o vestal_a fire_n be_v keep_v at_o rome_n for_o if_o the_o waidelot_n or_o priest_n that_o be_v to_o attend_v the_o altar_n shall_v happen_v to_o let_v the_o fire_n out_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o die_v for_o it_o the_o like_a ceremony_n be_v perform_v in_o remembrance_n of_o kiern_n one_o of_o their_o prince_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n near_o dziewaltow_n these_o
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some_o of_o which_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n who_o further_o inform_v we_o that_o this_o conrad_n predecessor_n who_o name_n he_o omit_v write_v a_o topographical_n description_n of_o this_o city_n and_o bishopric_n beyond_o the_o bay_n appear_v the_o island_n schutenes_n three_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n but_o scarce_o half_a a_o one_o in_o breadth_n between_o this_o island_n which_o have_v in_o it_o several_a considerable_a village_n and_o the_o continent_n run_v up_o a_o narrow_a frith_n to_o bergen_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n to_o liedt_n van_fw-mi berghen_fw-mi to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o staffenger_n belong_v the_o province_n of_o tillemarch_n or_o thylemarch_n which_o give_v procopius_n the_o first_o ground_n for_o that_o assertion_n of_o he_o which_o he_o defend_v with_o so_o great_a vehemency_n viz._n that_o scandinavia_n take_v in_o its_o large_a extent_n of_o which_o thylemarch_n be_v a_o very_a inconsiderable_a part_n be_v the_o ancient_a 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that_o berghen_n in_o the_o norwegian_a language_n signify_v mountain_n and_o berghenhusen_a a_o company_n of_o house_n among_o the_o hill_n the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n be_v exceed_o mean_a and_o contemptible_a most_o of_o they_o of_o wood_n cover_v with_o green_a turf_n and_o therefore_o frequent_o burn_v down_o but_o of_o late_a the_o hamburgher_n lubecker_n hollander_n and_o other_o that_o trade_n this_o way_n have_v beautify_v the_o town_n with_o a_o exchange_n and_o a_o great_a many_o private_a house_n of_o credit_n the_o most_o peculiar_a trade_n of_o this_o city_n lie_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o stockfish_n catch_v upon_o these_o coast_n and_o thence_o call_v usual_o by_o the_o norway_n merchant_n berghenvisch_n this_o the_o fisherman_n take_v in_o winter_n common_o in_o january_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o dry_v it_o in_o the_o cold_a and_o sharp_a air_n beside_o hither_o fur_n of_o all_o sort_n and_o vast_a quantity_n of_o dry_a
marquess_n earl_n lord_n etc._n etc._n on_o who_o they_o please_v and_o to_o grant_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o what_o ordersoever_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o own_o kingdom_n to_o any_o who_o they_o fancy_n deserve_v their_o favour_n but_o in_o this_o the_o emperor_n surpass_v they_o all_o in_o that_o he_o challenge_v a_o power_n of_o create_v king_n which_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o authority_n never_o pretend_v to_o by_o any_o other_o potentate_n thus_o the_o emperor_n otho_n iii_o make_v poland_n a_o kingdom_n in_o the_o year_n 1001_o which_o before_o that_o time_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o duke_n henry_n iv_o do_v the_o like_a for_o bohemia_n in_o the_o year_n 1086_o and_o charles_n the_o brave_a duke_n of_o burgundy_n desire_v the_o same_o kindness_n of_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n iii_o but_o can_v not_o obtain_v it_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n lay_v claim_n to_o this_o prerogative_n as_o appear_v from_o their_o frequent_a excommunicate_v and_o depose_n of_o king_n in_o every_o country_n in_o christendom_n nay_o they_o go_v further_o and_o challenge_v a_o power_n of_o depose_v the_o emperor_n himself_o at_o their_o pleasure_n and_o create_v a_o new_a one_o in_o his_o place_n as_o have_v be_v sufficient_o show_v in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n but_o how_o empty_a and_o vain_a these_o pretension_n be_v may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o single_a example_n of_o pope_n pius_n v._n who_o endeavour_v to_o create_v cosmo_n di_fw-fr medici_n great_a duke_n of_o tuscany_n for_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n ii_o oppose_a the_o design_n and_o first_o make_v cosmo_n receive_v the_o title_n from_o he_o and_o afterward_o force_v the_o pope_n to_o confess_v that_o he_o have_v exceed_v and_o transgress_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o power_n if_o any_o prince_n in_o germany_n chance_v to_o be_v a_o notorious_a delinquent_n and_o disturber_n of_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o 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money_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o these_o free_a state_n nor_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o advance_v a_o subject_a of_o any_o of_o these_o state_n to_o any_o honour_n but_o what_o shall_v be_v consistent_a with_o the_o allegiance_n he_o owe_v to_o that_o particular_a prince_n or_o city_n who_o more_o immediate_a subject_n he_o be_v in_o time_n of_o war_n he_o can_v command_v any_o free_a state_n or_o prince_n to_o assist_v he_o with_o man_n or_o money_n but_o must_v be_v force_v to_o undergo_v the_o whole_a burden_n thereof_o himself_o except_o it_o be_v the_o private_a interest_n of_o some_o peculiar_a prince_n to_o stand_v by_o he_o however_o though_o they_o be_v not_o very_o ready_a to_o take_v his_o part_n in_o every_o offensive_a quarrel_n he_o engage_v himself_o in_o yet_o must_v of_o they_o stick_v close_o to_o he_o when_o invade_v by_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o the_o empire_n lie_v at_o stake_n and_o indeed_o it_o near_o concern_v the_o free_a state_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o be_v cautious_a of_o assist_v and_o encourage_a the_o emperor_n engage_v himself_n in_o any_o other_o than_o a_o defensive_a war_n for_o if_o he_o shall_v by_o conquest_n enlarge_v his_o dominion_n they_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o be_v curb_v and_o bring_v under_o but_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o victory_n shall_v go_v on_o the_o enemy_n side_n they_o will_v all_o certain_o suffer_v as_o his_o accomplice_n the_o overgrow_a authority_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n have_v among_o other_o encroachment_n upon_o the_o imperial_a prerogative_n robe_v the_o emperor_n of_o his_o ancient_a right_n of_o confer_v ecclesiastical_a benefice_n and_o bishopric_n on_o who_o he_o please_v it_o be_v well_o know_v in_o what_o subjection_n the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n live_v under_o the_o government_n of_o their_o ancient_a emperor_n however_o they_o have_v lord_v it_o for_o these_o late_a year_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n the_o great_a remove_v the_o empire_n from_o rome_n to_o constantinople_n the_o pope_n begin_v to_o have_v more_o elbow-room_n and_o take_v hold_v of_o the_o opportunity_n lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o their_o own_o greatness_n upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o decay_a power_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o italy_n another_o advantage_n they_o make_v of_o the_o blind_a zeal_n of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n who_o be_v exceed_v fervent_a in_o carry_v on_o the_o catholic_a cause_n till_o they_o have_v enable_v the_o pope_n to_o arrogate_v to_o themselves_o the_o title_n of_o universal_a bishop_n but_o still_o the_o lombard_n who_o have_v overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o italy_n keep_v these_o usurper_n under_o until_o pepin_n and_o his_o son_n charlemaigne_n undertake_v their_o protection_n and_o add_v to_o their_o riches_n the_o revenue_n of_o several_a town_n and_o province_n take_v from_o the_o lombard_n these_o good_a office_n oblige_v the_o roman_a bishop_n to_o a_o return_n of_o gratitude_n which_o they_o express_v by_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o say_a prince_n for_o the_o territory_n of_o ravenna_n and_o pentapolis_n or_o romagna_n which_o pepin_n have_v liberal_o bestow_v on_o they_o and_o make_v over_o to_o charles_n the_o great_a for_o ever_o the_o right_a and_o prerogative_n of_o choose_v pope_n after_o this_o emperor_n death_n some_o of_o the_o ambitious_a clergy_n who_o find_v they_o have_v not_o interest_n enough_o in_o the_o emperor_n court_n to_o compass_v their_o end_n go_v to_o rome_n where_o they_o get_v themselves_o choose_v pope_n and_o prevail_v with_o the_o easy_a emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o confirm_v the_o election_n from_o these_o beginning_n they_o arise_v by_o degree_n to_o that_o height_n as_o to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o power_n of_o elect_v and_o degrade_n of_o emperor_n at_o their_o pleasure_n nay_o of_o trample_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o emperor_n under_o their_o foot_n as_o pope_n alexander_n iii_o serve_v frideric_n barbarossa_n and_o we_o can_v imagine_v that_o they_o who_o have_v thus_o magnify_v themselves_o above_o all_o temporal_a monarch_n as_o they_o be_v please_v to_o distinguish_v shall_v stick_v to_o the_o old_a decree_n of_o accept_v the_o popedom_n at_o the_o emperor_n hand_n according_o leo_fw-la ix_o have_v receive_v the_o bishopric_n of_o rome_n from_o the_o hand_n of_o henry_n iv_o repent_v of_o his_o so_o do_v and_o divest_v himself_o of_o his_o papal_a robe_n march_v to_o rome_n as_o a_o private_a person_n where_o he_o be_v elect_v anew_o by_o the_o clergy_n after_o which_o time_n the_o pope_n begin_v to_o invert_v charles_n the_o great_a be_v statute_n order_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v honour_v and_o obey_v as_o lawful_a emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o those_o who_o receive_v the_o imperial_a crown_n at_o their_o hand_n and_o some_o of_o they_o be_v so_o insolent_a as_o to_o affirm_v that_o there_o be_v as_o much_o difference_n between_o pope_n and_o emperor_n as_o betwixt_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n intend_v from_o thence_o to_o infer_v that_o as_o the_o moon_n have_v no_o light_n but_o what_o she_o borrow_v from_o the_o sun_n so_o the_o emperor_n have_v no_o power_n or_o majesty_n but_o what_o the_o pope_n bestow_v on_o he_o but_o they_o do_v on_o it_o always_o meet_v with_o such_o tame_a emperor_n as_o will_v undergo_v their_o yoke_n and_o since_o charles_n the_o five_o time_n who_o take_v the_o pope_n of_o rome_n prisoner_n there_o have_v not_o be_v one_o emperor_n that_o have_v fetch_v his_o crown_n from_o rome_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n recover_v the_o ancient_a power_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o german_a emperor_n and_o probable_o the_o pope_n authority_n will_v have_v decay_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o in_o this_o time_n have_v not_o the_o jesuit_n who_o swarm_v in_o the_o court_n of_o vienna_n be_v diligent_a in_o work_v the_o mild_a temper_n of_o their_o
tell_v we_o of_o they_o contain_v as_o many_o incredible_a thing_n as_o the_o most_o romantic_a popish_a legend_n however_o the_o saxon_a commonalty_n have_v still_o their_o memory_n and_o name_n in_o great_a veneration_n and_o will_v as_o soon_o part_v with_o christmas-day_n as_o st._n ansgar_n which_o be_v the_o eight_o of_o february_n out_o of_o their_o almanac_n st._n wilhad_n day_n be_v keep_v on_o the_o eight_o of_o november_n and_o st._n rembert_n on_o the_o four_o of_o february_n 6._o rembert_n be_v succeed_v by_o one_o adelgar_a a_o monk_n of_o corbey_n of_o who_o nothing_o be_v record_v worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o 7._o hoyer_n who_o be_v elect_v into_o the_o archbishops_n see_v in_o the_o year_n 909_o and_o die_v the_o year_n follow_v the_o bremen_n chronicle_n report_v that_o about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o his_o death_n his_o grave_n be_v open_v where_o nothing_o be_v find_v but_o a_o pillow_n which_o have_v be_v lay_v under_o his_o head_n and_o a_o cross_n both_o fresh_a and_o uncorrupted_a whereupon_o the_o monk_n of_o bremen_n conclude_v that_o his_o body_n be_v immediate_o after_o his_o death_n snatch_v up_o into_o heaven_n 8._o reginward_a 9_o vnni_n who_o go_v to_o convert_v the_o infidel_n in_o sweden_n die_v at_o birca_n in_o gothland_n 10._o adaldag_n 11._o libentius_fw-la a_o italian_a 12._o vnwan_n call_v by_o some_o wimar_n 13._o libentius_fw-la ii_o 14._o hermannus_n 15._o bezeline_n 16._o albert_n son_n of_o one_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n 17._o liemar_n or_o leimar_n a_o bavarian_a nobleman_n the_o fourteen_o and_o last_o archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n for_o when_o at_o the_o request_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o denmark_n the_o pope_n have_v erect_v a_o archbishop_n see_v at_o lunden_n in_o schonen_fw-mi the_o bishop_n of_o denmark_n sweden_n and_o norway_n be_v subject_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o only_o lubec_n schwerin_n lebus_n and_o ratzenburg_n remain_v suffragans_fw-la to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n who_o thereupon_o for_o ever_o quit_v the_o title_n of_o archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n 18._o humbert_n the_o first_o that_o ever_o style_v himself_o bare_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n 19_o frideric_n 20._o adalbar_fw-la 21._o hartwic_n 22._o baldwin_n who_o successor_n some_o have_v make_v one_o barthold_n but_o without_o any_o good_a authority_n 23._o sifrid_n son_n to_o albrecht_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 24._o hartwic_n ii_o 25._o woldemar_n duke_n and_o bishop_n of_o sleswic_n 26._o gerhard_n former_o bishop_n of_o osnabrug_n 27._o gerhard_n ii_o earl_n of_o lip_n 28._o hildebold_n or_o hildebrand_n earl_n of_o broch-hausen_a 29._o giselbert_n 30._o henry_n i._n 31._o florentius_n de_fw-mi brunchor_v against_o who_o appear_v bernherd_v earl_n of_o wolpe_n who_o some_o historian_n make_v archbishop_n instead_o of_o florentius_n â—at_a lose_v the_o day_n 32._o john_n bishop_n of_o lunden_n and_o provost_n of_o roschild_n in_o denmark_n 33._o burchard_n 34._o otto_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n and_o delmenhorst_n 35._o gotfrid_n earl_n of_o arnsberg_n he_o have_v great_a quarrel_n with_o maurice_n earl_n of_o oldenburg_n for_o the_o see_v which_o when_o he_o can_v not_o peaceable_o enjoy_v he_o resign_v to_o 36._o albrecht_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n choose_v archbishop_n in_o the_o life-time_n of_o his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o year_n 1359._o 37._o otto_n ii_o 38._o john_n ii_o 39_o nicolas_n earl_n of_o delmenhorst_n 40._o baldwin_n 41._o gerhard_n iii_o earl_n of_o hoga_n 42._o henry_n iii_o earl_n of_o schwartzburg_n 43._o john_n iii_o 44._o christopher_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n 45._o henry_n iu._n duke_n of_o saxony_n engeren_n westphalia_n etc._n etc._n 46._o john_n adolph_n duke_n of_o holstein_n etc._n etc._n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n be_v regent_n duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o thereupon_o quit_v the_o see_v of_o bremen_n in_o the_o year_n 1596_o leave_v the_o place_n to_o his_o brother_n 47._o john_n frideric_n who_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n bishop_n of_o lubec_n and_o have_v enjoy_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty-eight_a year_n die_v in_o the_o monastery_n near_o buxtehude_n in_o the_o year_n 1634_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o sleswic_n 48._o the_o last_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n be_v frideric_n duke_n of_o holstein_n son_n to_o christian_a iu._n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o father_n to_o the_o present_a danish_a king_n christian_n v._n but_o before_o this_o frideric_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n he_o have_v nothing_o leave_v but_o the_o bare_a title_n of_o a_o archbishop_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1644_o the_o prevail_a force_n of_o the_o swedish_n king_n overrun_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o bishopric_n of_o vehrden_n as_o they_o have_v before_o many_o other_o province_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n afterward_o in_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o ut_fw-la satis_fw-la fieret_fw-la serenissimae_fw-la reginae_fw-la sueciae_fw-la pro_fw-la locorum_fw-la hoc_fw-la bello_fw-la captorum_fw-la restitutione_n pacique_fw-la publicae_fw-la in_o imperio_fw-la restanrandae_fw-la condignè_fw-la prospiceretur_fw-la as_o it_o be_v word_v in_o the_o ten_o article_n of_o that_o treaty_n among_o other_o place_n there_o mention_v the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n and_o bishopric_n of_o vehrden_n shall_v be_v for_o ever_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o annex_v to_o their_o own_o territory_n and_o dominion_n sub_fw-la solitis_fw-la quidem_fw-la insigniis_fw-la sed_fw-la titulo_fw-la ducatus_fw-la and_o thus_o the_o archbishopric_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o dukedom_n which_o title_n it_o still_o retain_v whence_o the_o city_n of_o bremen_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v so_o call_v bremen_n city_n of_o bremen_n there_o be_v several_a different_a opinion_n among_o the_o german_n writer_n some_o of_o which_o for_o the_o reader_n be_v diversion_n i_o shall_v hear_v repeat_v leave_v it_o to_o himself_o to_o embrace_v any_o one_o or_o reject_v all_o as_o he_o shall_v see_v cause_n one_o tell_v we_o there_o be_v former_o a_o ferry_n across_o the_o weser_n in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o great_a bridge_n at_o bremen_n now_o stand_v and_o therefore_o will_v have_v the_o city_n so_o call_v from_o the_o flat_a bottom_v boat_n in_o the_o tongue_n of_o the_o neder-saxons_a name_v praman_n wherewith_o they_o use_v to_o ferry_v over_o passenger_n another_o fancy_v bremen_n may_v be_v fetch_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o broom_n in_o their_o tongue_n brame_n which_o grow_v in_o this_o country_n m._n martinius_n a_o man_n of_o no_o contemptible_a part_n and_o learning_n guess_v that_o because_o the_o land_n of_o bremen_n be_v the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n towards_o the_o ocean_n therefore_o the_o city_n be_v call_v ein_fw-ge brame_n which_o word_n signify_v proper_o the_o outmost_a seam_n or_o selvidge_n of_o a_o garment_n to_o omit_v the_o impertinence_n of_o other_o etymologist_n all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o ptolomy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whence_o ever_o that_o word_n have_v its_o original_n be_v the_o same_o with_o bremen_n cluverius_n allow_v of_o this_o opinion_n add_v further_a nec_fw-la nomen_fw-la omnino_fw-la abhorret_fw-la nam_fw-la dempta_fw-la priore_fw-la syllaba_fw-la reliquum_fw-la biranum_fw-la satis_fw-la aperta_fw-la vestigia_fw-la gerit_fw-la vocabuli_fw-la bremen_n et_fw-la quid_fw-la scio_fw-la anon_o apud_fw-la ptolomaeum_n m_n corruptum_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o n_n integrumque_fw-la vocabulum_fw-la fuerit_fw-la fabiramum_fw-la among_o the_o old_a rubbish_n of_o ancient_a german_a writer_n antiquity_n antiquity_n and_o the_o small_a fragment_n of_o antiquity_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o that_o country_n it_o will_v be_v a_o difficult_a task_n to_o find_v out_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a one_o great_a part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o s._n stephani_n statt_n be_v of_o a_o late_a foundation_n than_o the_o main_a body_n of_o the_o town_n and_o another_o grand_a accession_n call_v die_v new_a statt_fw-mi or_o the_o new_a city_n have_v be_v add_v within_o these_o hundred_o year_n what_o time_n this_o city_n be_v first_o fortify_v we_o have_v no_o other_o account_n then_o in_o the_o general_n that_o the_o city_n of_o saxony_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n bremen_n among_o the_o rest_n be_v first_o wall_v round_o by_o the_o order_n of_o henry_n duke_n of_o saxony_n surname_v auceps_fw-la or_o the_o fowler_n about_o the_o year_n 1000_o for_o this_o prince_n have_v find_v by_o experience_n that_o his_o naked_a town_n be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v the_o fury_n and_o outrage_n of_o the_o vandal_n who_o in_o those_o day_n miserable_o infest_a the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n all_o the_o modern_a historian_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o suburb_n of_o st._n nicolas_n which_o at_o this_o day_n make_v up_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o