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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A55902	The history of France under the ministry of Cardinal Mazarine containing all the remarkable and curious passages in the government of that state, from the death of King Louis XIII, which happened in the year 1643, to the death of the cardinal, which was in the year 1664 / written in Latine by Sieur Benjamin Priolo ... ; done into English by Christopher Wase.; Ab excessu Ludovici XIII de rebus Gallicis historiarum libri XII. English	Priolo, Benjamin, 1602-1667.; Wase, Christopher, 1625?-1690.	1671 (1671)	Wing P3506A; ESTC R7055	242,261	471

afterwards fell upon all that lay in their way in general without so much as regarding the situation of Places This War proved unproportionable to the expectation of the German Nation whose valour heretofore victorious over the Romans at this juncture appeared to have been superannuated At the same time Enguien scarcely having a beard and but newly writing man seemed both to have dispatched Germany and to enter upon Triumphs in all places rowing along the conquered Rhyne Like fire which having preyed upon the obvious Wood is checked by the intervention of a River The Inroad a while stopped at Mariandale the neighbouring Inhabitants call it Mergenstheim There Thurenne Enguien was a great way off being straightned for provision had dispersed his Forces for Forrage whilst himself secure of the Enemies consulted what was to be done The Austrians and Bavarians under the Conduct of Merck and Hans Werth suddenly assault him He gathering together what Forces the pressing necessity would permit refused not to stand the utmost tryal Thurenne acting the part both of Commander and Souldier stoutly seconded by Rosa withstood the Enemy charging with desperate rage and at length when he could not be safe even in Merindol leaving behind him his Baggage and Artillary retired to the parts about the Main with his Horse Trac did gallant service in heartning the Souldiers The rest of ours escaped towards Flesburg and having passed the Rhyne at Spire got safe to Mentz to joyn with Thurenne Enguien being certified of this unfortunate Engagement obliged Conismark the Swede and Guez Colonel of the Hessians although they were averse and pressed after returning home into their Country to tarry but so long with him till he had got a pass upon the Nicer Glen was come up to re-inforce the Enemies Army not a little puffed up with their success at Merindol Enguien having left all his Baggage at Wisloque designed to surprise Hailbrun between the Danube and Rhyne The Enemies which had a suspicion of some such intention march with unwearied haste and pitch upon a Hill not far off from the Walls of Hailbrun lying so that the Nicer running before them ours could neither enter Hailbrun nor assail the Enemy Therefore it is resolved to march on towards Frankendale and the Danube Conismark left our Army and followed his own designs The Hessians endeavouring to do the like but being restrained and countermanded by the Landgravinne stayed with us After many Proposals debated on all sides it is resolved to beat the Enemy up as far as the Danube and return to Hailbrun but both Armies each day marching in a parallel line there were not wanting light Skirmishes A long time they shot their Guns off in view of each other A Moor lying between hindred their engaging Ours bent their course towards Norling the Enemies towards Donavert Enguien had an intention to turn for Hailbrun when of a sudden he is informed that the Enemy came on eager upon fighting and was between the River of Weran and our Army Enguien might easily have avoided it had he not been resolved for the Encounter His cheerfulness filled the hearts of all with hope Never was he more undaunted never more secure both Armies fell to prayers after a laudable custom to encourage the Souldiers who having performed this duty appear to fall on more couragiously although God called upon in due order doth not always come in to assistance Grammont led the light Wing Thurenne the left the Foot in the main Body was commanded by Marsin Chastea●n●●f and Bellenauw the Hessians with their Guez and Heems in the Rear Chabot brought on the Reserve Moussay delivered Enguiens orders on every part But what shall I speak of the presages in the minds of mortal men At Paris before the ●ight the Victory was published nor were there hidden the imminent signs of the destined success The like hath been heretofore remarked among the Romans A Village with a Castle lying between both Armies was furiously battered with our Canon Thither came down the Enemies from the top of the Hill and ours at the same time The Dispute seemed to have been about the surprising a paultry Dorp Enguien was every where conspicuous in his most noted Coat of Armour and rid among his Troops commending or reproving as every one merited and stoutly inforced what parts were weakned by the Enemies execution When our Army seemed to decline Grammont comes in who having restored the day is with Chatre taken Prisoner and carried to Muncken the Metropolis of Bavaria The right Wing had bin utterly lost unless new courage had been infused into the Souldiers by the valour of Thurenne who commanded the left Thither also comes up Enguien twice wounded and having had two Horses killed under him The Enemy having shewed what stubbornness they could were compelled to retire towards Donavert which Town having plundered they past the Danube never thinking themselves safe till they had got on the other side It was not judged prudential to pursue Their Guns and Baggage were taken the evidence of a compleat Victory Merck the General was slain Glen taken and the Duke of Holsten 4000 destroyed 2000 taken Enguien having transferred the whole glory upon Thurenne possessed Norling How should ●onismark be vexed at our prosperity to have been absent because he had not appeased with Austrain blood the Swedes that is his Country-mens Ghosts and had not washed the field a few years before stained with so much gore for our Army stood upon the same ground as the Swedes had done before The same furrows were once more watered Once more Norlingue saw Armies drawn up in Battalia and that petty City in it self ignoble was ennobled by having its Plains scoured over with a double pitched fight but the news of the success was carried with such speed that the King knew his having vanquished before his having been engaged and the news of the Victory out-run the message of the danger but in truth as hath been already said it was presage not the swiftness of the Post After Enguien had wearied his body with so many toils he fell into a sickness but being soon recovered of that he returned to Paris The City rung of nothing but Enguien his excellent accomplishments of mind that ripeness wherein he● so early surpassed great Commanders his resolution in running through dangers his expedition in laying and executing designs his faith in keeping Articles clemency towards Prisoners temperance even in lawful pleasures His maligners gave out that all these good qualities were spoiled by his hearkning to paultry Counsellors his following debauched Treats his deriding vertuous and grave men with bitter jests his being more penurious than his Father Such were the rash speeches of some men It was believed by the wiser that his accumulated successes were the causes of all the Troubles that afterwards he fell into to his great prejudice the Princes mind having been depraved by Flatterers who presuming too much upon himself and false Counsel

but in the morning embraced and kissed Cinque-Mars and had talked very courteously to de Thou having naturally that quality and being practised to disgust his anger under fine language The King being glad when the matter was over but perplexed till it was put in execution parts from Narbo The same was done to de Bouillon at ●asailles The Prisoners are brought to Lyons where by chosen Judges that were resolved to do Richlieu's work before ever they heard the impeachment they are condemned to lose their lives De Bouillon got off by the Surrender of Sedan Cinque-Mars and de thou pay dear for their destructive friendship with the loss of their lives Whether Cinque-Mars practised de Thou to draw him into the Plot or whether de Thou was contented enough to be wrought upon doth not appear However both were upon a Scaffold beheaded with great compassion of the Standers by and lamentation of all the Country De Thou bore his condition not stoutly but with a Christian sense was long and earnest at his prayers which now might receive no comfortable return No Criminal hath been known to suffer with more pity of the Beholders D'Effiat received his Fate resolutely in the prime of his Youth by his own vertues and others vices running headlong upon Fame The King was then onward in his Journey on the way to Paris Richlieu that was ever satisfied with punishment never with repentance ordered the execution and almost looked on to see it done and as if he took content to hear their dying groans was loth to depart from Lyons certified the King by Letter that Perpignan was taken and his Enemies cut off Which was an unhandsom expression Reason indeed there is to blame for ingratitude and indiscretion D'Effiat especially who might easily have compassed by time only what he attempted with over-hastiness and by ill practices against the Laws both of God and man The two poor men are worthily condemned for being Traitors but the principal cause of their death was because they could not brook with a slavish tameness to avow the fatal baseness of their Country The one was Son to a Mareshal of France The other received a great addition to his splendor from James Augustus Thuanus our most eminent Historian of an Illustrious Family among those of the long Robe prime President of the Parliament of Paris a person renowned of great vertue and by his ancient Linage allied to many honourable Houses of France Richlieu either haunted or stung in conscience at the remembrance of so many Executions never free from discontent gives out that the tenderness to his Country imported him beyond all private affections And now more like a Sceleton than his Eminence being carried upon the shoulders of men hath houses broken down to make him room to come in at so much French blood lost at home so much shed in the field disquiets and dejects his spirit now imprisoned in a languishing body I have but one request to make the Readers of this Story that they would not suffer so many Noble men executed to pass off in oblivion as though they stole out from the Stage of the World Let Persons of Honour challenge this Priviledge that as they are distinguished from the Vulgar by their Funerals so they may receive a peculiar memorial in recording their fall I mean the Vendosmes the Ornani the Marillaes the Montmorancies upon whom I judge it best not to dilate the Cramaillaes the Bassompeirres the Vistries the Chastelneufs with innumerable others basely imprisoned At length this scarcely breathing Corps nothing benefited by the Waters of Borbogne is brought to Paris carrying about it the incentive of its own pain in a spirit more exulcerated than the body Many marks of exasperation formerly smothered then burst out Distrust of the King a desire to remove such as were not Confidents imposing upon his Masters ear by Chavigny growing daily fierce through an habitual and implanted arrogancy whilst Lewis suspected Armand Armand did no less suspect Lewis A matter of Scandal In the mean time Richlien's distemper grew upon him Many discoursed of the benefits of Liberty The greatest number past their censure who were likely to succeed in favour all called for Peace cryed out against Wars which had been commenced against the House of Austria not so much out of desire to enlarge the Empire or upon any considerable expectation as for the establishing the power of Richlieu Some few days before his last His Majesty came to Town to visit the sick Cardinal Many tears past on both sides and tokens of affection The King thought it his best course to lay aside his displeasure and not to grate the memory of a dying man with any disgustful words Therefore during the whole time of his sickness he visited him by Messengers oftner than Kings are wont and sent to him his principal Physitians were it out of care or to observe his condition The last day frequent intelligence was brought of his declining No body imagining he would be so curious to enquire what he should be sorry to hear yet His Majesty put on his Countenance an appearance of sadness when he was sure that his grudge was satisfied and conceiving he might now be safely kind constrained himself to let fall a tear and forced groans from a joyful breast Armand du Plessis Richlieu was born at Paris of a noble and untainted Extraction his Father was Francis du Plessis his Mother Susanne du Port he had a fair Estate which he wasted First an Abbot afterwards Bishop No excellent Preacher having fed upon the Chimaera's of the Sorbon unacquainted with the more polite Learning while the Marques d'Ancres was in favour Secretary to the Queen Mother Then confin'd to Avignon Recalled from thence by her means was made prime Minister of State Shortly after the poor Lady found her favours over-hastily heaped upon him for she being by his means chased out of the Kingdom an Exile having wandered thorow Holland and England without any certain abode at length in Cologne broken with afflictious changed an unhappy life for a desirable death But this by the way To return to Richlieu whole shape if Posterity shall be so curious as to enquire was comely and tall nor wanted he gravity tempered with a graceful aspect He lived 57 years was in favour 18. Having passed a middle age in respect of glory and eternal fame may be judged to have run the longest period of life For he had obtained whatever could be wished for What could Fortune heap upon one so succcssful and accomplished What was more blessed than for him continuing in Honour flourishing in Fame to secure future Events seeing that nothing in Nature is so fickle as Power that depends upon anothers pleasure After the decease of Richlieu the Cabinet-Counsel to the King were Cardinal Julius Mazarine a Roman by birth Leo Bouthillier Chavigny and Soublet Noyer both Secretaries of State This Triumvirate did not agree Some courting by

some that four or five of the prime Ring-leaders of the Faction should be executed and when they were taken off that the rest would fall in pieces Mazarine opposed affirming that the common people would contend more earnestly for avenging them when they were dead than to advance their Honour whilst they were alive Here they declare in a great Train that would take the Parliaments part First Elbaeuf slips from the Court and relying on his three Children offers the Parliament his Service not without good hopes as he gave out to draw the Duke of Orleans into his party which device soon after came to nothing Bouillon laying off his Mask with a voice pretending to truth swears to be at the Parliaments devotion presents his Wife and Children as Hostages to be sureties for that word which was never certain So much could Madame de Longueville prevail that she brought over to the Party her Brother Conti her Husband with Rochefoucault and Mermont though to her great danger The people triumphed in mirth for the coming of so many Grandees The Duke of Longueville was fretted at the Honour so hastily done d'Elboeuf in the Parliament and at that very moment thought of his Government of Normandy whither he retired shortly after having made many fair offers of services only with a design of getting somewhat from the King and left off to stickle for the Faction which he never followed with any earnestness None was more easily drawn to take up a Party none did with less regret lay it down again Beaufort who had escaped being imprisoned by keeping secret rides into the Town on Horseback with so great applause that the common People run along by his side as once they flocked after the Duke of Guise Mareschal de la Motte either through the instigation of the Duke of Longueville to whom he was much obliged or through the memory of his Imprisonment at Lyons joyned with the Faction The Archbishop of Corinth was more powerful than any of them in Dependents Authority and Eloquence His desig● was to render himself terrible to them Elboeufs to rake money Bouillons to be bought off to the Court-party at a high rate Longuevilles to scre● out somewhat though never so small Contys nothing but to comply with his Sister Rochefouca●● gaped after his own profit without having bee● any ways disobliged The Dutchess of Longueville followed that inclination which is the most sweet in Nature her modesty always survived her affections though Fame was not afraid to be lye her which she afterwards enjoyed unstained to the increasing Honour of her Posterity Thus past on a few days Some in the nature of Commissioner● came from the one and the other side forward and backward to treat of an Accommodation Again troublesom Contests were renewed some were of advice that the War should be soon dispatched others that the Rebels should be consumed with 〈◊〉 longer harassing In the City came out divers Libels against Mazarine In the Court men did not confute those reproaches with words but blows The face of preparations on both sides were unequalled matched Here were a throng hudled together and new-raised Forces All full of confusion mens looks either fearing or designing some barbarous attempt Despair hurried them into resolutions of horrour whilst they reflected upon the obscurity of their Souldiery Far other was the appearance of the Royal Camp Majesty the Cause so many Princes so many Dukes Commanders with more warrantable Commissions gained reverence Great hopes in Conde as one renowned for Martial experience and not inferiour in Wit being come to maturity in prudence for counsel did advance the reputation of the Royal Party by the Excellency of his Name Intent upon every imployment even the meanest laid claim to nothing of his high Birth but his Spirit hazarding his person for the publick safety The Mutineers thought they could carry all with more ease if he were taken off or withdrawn His Sister the Dutchess of Longueville within the Town was as active and couragious as her Brother in the opposite part She renders herself in the Parliament House and her Boy born in the troubles newly dropt into the world as pledges of her faithfulness Presently restoring a countenance to the party which her pangs whilst she was in labour had swallowed up The Officers and common Souldiers stood promiscuously about the bed where she lay in She so artificially dispenses her smiles and glances that no one in that great confluence might think himself neglected or disregarded Their spirits broken with the publick Confusions yet did not desist from a stubborn defence In the mean time the Bastille is taken by the Faction upon Surrender De Trambley the Governour being not sorely pressed is supposed to have fought as one that was not desirous of Victory Nothing did so much exasperate their spirits as the lamentable face of the Country about Paris depopulated by the insolency of the Souldiers No place in the world surpasseth it for quality A sweet Air no poysonous Vermine abundance of Springs Rivers and Brooks do refresh and environ it The Dog-days do not scorch it with drought nor the Winter nip it with frost but the ju●● ground doth enrich the Husband-man with a plentiful crop It is a great relief to the Inhabiters of that fortunate Isle that wherever the Palaces and Halls leave any space there are most rich pastures well stocked and wooded This Country thus fairly planted the rude Souldier of a sudden laid wast to such a pass did discord bring the poor Citizens When will the common People grow wiser and detest all counsels of disloyalty In the mean time Normandy was of no small moment to the War with its Governor Longueville who although he did ill agree with the ocher Leaders of the Faction yet had at that time no small interest in Rouen and all over that Country Harcourt comes there to take possession of it by the Kings order one of a hasty resolution and elevated with his sudden Commission with his old Troops engaged the raw and forward Bands of Longueville without success so much were all incensed against Mazarine Part of the Parliament of Rouen went to Vernon upon the Seyne part tarried without regard at S. Germans waiting for the Kings Orders the remainder dispersing not knowing where to render themselves waited to see the issue of Affairs The Coast of Normandy doth for the generality lie upon the Ocean There is great abundance of pastures and fruit and so rich a soil 〈◊〉 that it satisfies both its Natives and Neighbours and much more would it satisfie them unless they were immoderate in eating and such were the condition of the Clime as did require much meat A flatulent people is conceited of it self as if it fed the Imperial City and had the famine or plenty of Paris in its power when as it pays indeed tribute rather than maintenance and doth not so properly keep as drudge for the victorious people The

chief Commander in Alsatia over an Army compounded partly of French but principally of 〈◊〉 veterane Band of Germans He being summonel by divers Letters of the King frames dilatory Excuses then apparently prolonges time in slow Marches not without ground judging that to what side soever he should take he would turn the scale 〈◊〉 that side De Bouillon upon disgust for the loss of Sedan gave his Brother evil counsel Thuren●●● that had so often deserved great matters did perhaps not untruly complain that performances had not come up to promises Mazarine was aware of Thurennes disaffection therefore he sends into his Camp Harwald that should pay the Germans and separate them to his Majesties Service Those of that Nation being unacquainted with fraud preferred solid and massive honour before vain and uncertain fancies So Thurenne being deserted by his Army scarcely escaped with his life discomposed with the ill success of his undertakings Hereupon turning aside into by-ways with a small Retinue he bore the punishment of his indigested Plot. One that was afterwards to countervail a small miscarriage gloriously with so many gallant Actions Often happy always brave The Troops were anew sworn to obey the King and intrusted to the Conduct of Rosa Kantzow an Holsteiner that is next door to 〈◊〉 Dane having through all the steps of military Preferment gotten also the dignity of being Marescha of France which is rare for a Stranger then Governor of the Town and Fort of Dunkirk as hath been already specified a huge Argument of Trust is believed upon occasion of these Troubles to have held Intelligence with the Spaniard to the rendering his ears nocent but with a mind impenetrable to revolt In his drink he poured out many expressions especially against Conde whom he believed not without reason to bear a Pique against him This was the cause of Rantzows disgrace For Conude taking hold of the occasion thrust the Dane headlong who being called presently cometh before the King without indenting before-hand confident because he was not conscious to himself of any crime He was conveyed to the Prison at Vincennes where he contracted an incurable disease through Melancholy and fretting so that well-nigh all his limbs cut off by the Chirurgion The Trunk of his Carcass had more generous indignation than the entire bodies of many His Wife cherishing her grief instead of an Husband takes pleasure in her-tears and sustains the want of her Lord by laudable comforts setting an Example of Honour and Constancy At S. Germans the principal Lords of the Kings Council did earnestly treat of Peace with the Parliaments Commissioners Mazarine being excluded as already pre-condemned by publick Acts some Courtiers most violently drawing that way that they might engross to themselves the Honour of having procured the Quiet of the State The Queen opposed it strongly and at length when he was taken in March 11. 1649. the Articles were agreed to the great content and joy of the common People That an Act of Oblivion for past miscarriages be made That all things be restored to their former estate That the King be brought home again to Paris Taxes diminished a Treaty of Peace with the Spaniard consented to and some Member of the House worshipful for Age and Experience of the principal ones be joyned in the Transaction to see it concluded upon good and firm Terms The other Particulars the Reader that is curious of such matter may extract out of the Publick Journals So the present Tumult being composed almost without blood-shed the Parliament-men returned into the City joyful as if through their Dignity and Policy they had made the Conditions better to be gained Certain it is that those Articles were dishonourable to the King who being ready by force of Arms to dispatch that Hydra yielded to it after it was lai● flat those Concessions which it would have despaired to obtain when it was strong and erect But that any fair issue was put ro the business mu●● be imputed to the Policy of Mazarine that perceived all was unsound in the great Courtiers and could not set bounds to the Ambition of Conde THE FOURTH BOOK OF THE HISTORY OF FRANCE The CONTENTS The Sedition at Paris is hardly quiet The Faction works in new Plots There is a Rising in Provence and especially in Guyenne against their Governors which Conde under-hand abets Crossing Mazarine openly every way defeats all his Designs and Marriages treated for his Nieces till at length growing burdensom to the Court and more to the Slingers be procures himself his own Brother and hit Brother in Law Imprisonment to the grief of but few ALL that time which immediately followed the Pacification agreed on at S. Germans was disquieted with divers Attempts of stirring up Faction and such was the state of the City as seem● rather no War than any Peace There was indee● no fighting no plundering no firing of Town All things were carried without effusion of blood yet not with a hearty composure of affections The City had more plentiful supply of provision an● every one was delivered from fear of an immine●● Famine But the minds of men were observed 〈◊〉 stand diversly affected according to their sever●● Interests and the inconveniences of War broke out though not in ouvert Action yet by covert designs Conde although he were discovered by many pregnant presumptions and were looked upon generally and discoursed of as inclining to disaffected party yet continued to bear as formerly 〈◊〉 seeming respect towards Mazarine Beaufort the Head of the Slingers in the Town delighted in the popular Applause The Duke of Vendosme and Mercoeur his eldest Son being tired out with trouble that had lain long and heavy upon them avowedly courted the Favour and Alliance of Mazarine as the only remedy of their distressed estate The Dutchess of Mancini his Niece occasioned this disturbance whilst some were for the matching her with Mercoeur others drew against it From hence came that seed which afterwards grew into a plentiful crop of troubles Mazarine perceiving the affections of all Parties so unsound towards him was resolved to confirm his interest by some potent Alliance and that the rather because the Queens pleasure stood that way inclined Here it was judged fit to advance in Offices and Wealth Mercoeur that first offered himself being of the Blood Royal. The Queen was at the present inverted in the Admiralty ever since the death of Breze for the avoiding of quarrels between the Competitors She is content to devest her self of that in favour of the Match whether the charge were bestowed on Vendosme or his Son Mercoeur Beaufort the more to endear himself to the people decrys the purpose of both the Father and his eldest Son the Father was glad that he had a double support in his two Sons The Abbot de la Rivieres prevailed upon Orleans to give his consent to the Match whereupon Mazarine carrieth it on with the confidence supposing too that he had been sure of