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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
cause_n begin_v great_a time_n 1,599 5 3.2122 3 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A24159 Essayes of natural experiments made in the Academie del cimento, under the protection of the Most Serene Prince Leopold of Tuscany / written in Italian by the secretary of that academy ; Englished by Richard Waller ... Accademia del cimento (Florence, Italy); Waller, Richard. 1684 (1684) Wing A161; ESTC R6541 101,627 224

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the_o admirable_a design_n and_o find_v out_o all_o the_o measure_n and_o proportion_n of_o so_o beautiful_a a_o order_n when_o he_o aim_v to_o penetrate_v too_o deep_a into_o the_o truth_n frame_v to_o himself_o a_o indefinite_a number_n of_o falsity_n which_o proceed_v from_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o his_o ambition_n to_o take_v those_o wing_n nature_n never_o design_v perchance_o fear_v to_o be_v some_o time_n or_o other_o discover_v by_o he_o unwilling_o in_o the_o preparation_n of_o her_o great_a work_n yet_o upon_o these_o he_o begin_v to_o raise_v himself_o and_o though_o charge_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o material_a body_n stretch_v forth_o these_o pinion_n to_o soar_v high_a than_o the_o scale_n of_o sense_n lead_v and_o fix_v himself_o upon_o that_o light_n who_o ray_n too_o powerful_a for_o his_o eye_n dazzle_v and_o blind_v he_o thus_o we_o see_v from_o man_n rashness_n the_o first_o seed_n of_o false_a notion_n come_v from_o which_o yet_o it_o happen_v not_o that_o 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wonderful_o intend_v the_o freeze_a and_o if_o beside_o the_o strong-water_n you_o add_v salt_n it_o will_v prove_v most_o powerful_a nay_o sugar_n produce_v such_o a_o effect_n but_o not_o much_o in_o comparison_n of_o common_a salt_n nitre_n and_o sal-armoniac_a which_o we_o find_v much_o more_o successful_a in_o the_o operation_n of_o freeze_a than_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o six_o experiment_n touch_v what_o metal_n preserve_v ice_n best_a put_v ice_n in_o vessel_n of_o several_a different_a metal_n to_o observe_v which_o keep_v it_o the_o long_a unthaw_v yet_o of_o this_o we_o can_v obtain_v nothing_o certain_a though_o we_o may_v say_v at_o large_a from_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o experiment_n which_o we_o make_v that_o it_o be_v preserve_v best_o of_o all_o in_o lead_n very_o well_o in_o tin_n argento_n but_o a_o short_a time_n in_o copper_n and_o iron_n less_o in_o gold_n and_o yet_o a_o lesser_a time_n in_o silver_n nevertheless_o at_o sometime_o this_o order_n be_v 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upon_o the_o first_o immersion_n into_o cold_a water_n or_o ice_n yet_o they_o not_o only_o subside_o again_o to_o the_o former_a height_n but_o continue_v to_o do_v so_o for_o many_o degree_n till_o at_o last_o sometime_o after_o a_o little_a rest_n sometime_o without_o any_o they_o all_o remount_v oil_n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n except_v until_o the_o whole_a freeze_a be_v finish_v this_o effect_n be_v by_o some_o attribute_v to_o a_o cause_n much_o favour_v by_o several_a follow_a experiment_n their_o apprehension_n be_v that_o the_o appearance_n of_o this_o sudden_a motion_n in_o water_n and_o other_o fluid_n be_v not_o real_o from_o any_o intrinsic_n alteration_n of_o rarity_n or_o density_n at_o that_o moment_n wrought_v in_o their_o natural_a temperament_n by_o the_o power_n of_o any_o tab._n 15._o p._n 105._o contrary_a quality_n of_o the_o outward_o apply_v ambient_fw-la which_o some_o by_o a_o note_a word_n call_v antiperistasis_n but_o rather_o to_o speak_v first_o of_o 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vessel_n be_v first_o sensible_a of_o cold_a or_o heat_n by_o shrink_v or_o enlarge_n itself_o also_o first_o be_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o phenomenon_n of_o the_o rise_n or_o fall_v as_o it_o become_v more_o straight_o or_o large_a to_o the_o contain_v liquor_n yet_o not_o vitiate_a by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o ambient_fw-la this_o opinion_n be_v render_v more_o probable_a to_o we_o by_o the_o follow_a experiment_n a_o experiment_n prove_v that_o in_o the_o instant_a that_o the_o external_n heat_v or_o cold_a dilate_v or_o contract_v the_o vessel_n yet_o than_o the_o natural_a temperament_n of_o the_o liquor_n therein_o contain_v be_v unaltered_a smalto_n we_o include_v in_o a_o globe_n of_o glass_n fill_v with_o water_n several_a small_a bubble_n of_o colour_a glass_n empty_a and_o seal_v hermetical_o these_o be_v all_o near_a the_o specific_a gravity_n of_o the_o water_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o air_n they_o have_v in_o they_o whence_o the_o floater_n upon_o the_o top_n 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after_o its_o abatement_n upon_o the_o first_o impression_n of_o heat_n begin_v to_o rise_v again_o and_o when_o after_o its_o rise_n upon_o the_o impression_n of_o cold_a it_o begin_v to_o subside_o again_o a_o argument_n to_o insinuate_v that_o the_o water_n and_o so_o any_o other_o fluid_n in_o this_o first_o motion_n do_v not_o real_o move_v themselves_o but_o only_o obey_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o vessel_n they_o be_v contain_v in_o yet_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o these_o first_o alteration_n do_v real_o proceed_v from_o the_o inward_a change_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o though_o discernible_a by_o the_o eye_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o small_a neck_n of_o the_o vessel_n yet_o be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o be_v discern_v in_o change_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la of_o the_o bubble_n of_o which_o it_o may_v be_v think_v that_o in_o that_o very_a instant_n they_o begin_v real_o to_o move_v though_o in_o their_o first_o part_n from_o rest_n the_o eye_n can_v not_o perceive_v it_o to_o this_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o true_a rarifaction_n and_o the_o true_a condensation_n of_o the_o water_n that_o be_v able_a to_o make_v it_o rise_v or_o fall_v so_o very_o little_a a_o space_n as_o it_o do_v rise_v or_o fall_v at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o icey_n mixtture_v or_o hot_a water_n be_v sufficient_a to_o alter_v the_o aequilibrium_fw-la also_o between_o it_o and_o the_o bubble_n apparent_o to_o the_o eye_n and_o indeed_o when_o the_o water_n real_o rise_v or_o fall_v from_o a_o true_a rarifaction_n or_o condensation_n the_o bubble_n likewise_o begin_v correspondent_o to_o move_v before_o ever_o it_o come_v to_o the_o same_o degree_n at_o which_o the_o same_o bubble_n remain_v immovable_a it_o stand_v at_o the_o instant_n of_o its_o first_o immersion_n nevertheless_o the_o discovery_n of_o this_o effect_n ought_v not_o to_o cause_n in_o we_o the_o least_o scruple_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o our_o thermometer_n since_o the_o whole_a contraction_n or_o dilatation_n in_o vessel_n contain_v a_o ounce_n and_o half_a at_o most_o amount_n but_o to_o a_o grain_n whence_o proportionable_o how_o small_a will_v that_o be_v in_o vessel_n of_o a_o few_o grain_n content_a such_o as_o our_o thermometer_n of_o 50_o deg_n which_o be_v the_o most_o convenient_a and_o exact_a and_o upon_o that_o account_n most_o make_v use_v of_o to_o discover_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n now_o to_o manifest_v by_o divers_a way_n even_o to_o sense_n the_o truth_n of_o this_o phenomenon_n we_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n which_o first_o found_v in_o the_o theory_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o effect_n the_o first_o experiment_n show_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o size_n of_o a_o brass-ring_n put_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o in_o ice_n its_o figure_n still_o remain_v unaltered_a there_o be_v order_v to_o be_v cast_v a_o ring_n of_o brass_n 3_o and_o by_o turn_v it_o be_v fit_v exact_o to_o a_o cilind_a of_o the_o same_o metal_n this_o be_v put_v in_o the_o fire_n for_o a_o short_a space_n and_o then_o be_v put_v upon_o the_o cilind_a while_o hot_a it_o be_v sensible_o loose_a be_v dilate_v by_o the_o heat_n into_o a_o ring_n of_o the_o same_o shape_n it_o be_v of_o before_o but_o its_o concavity_n be_v 9_o 100_o part_n large_a when_o it_o have_v remain_v some_o time_n upon_o the_o cilind_a and_o have_v communicate_v its_o heat_n thereto_o between_o the_o increase_n of_o that_o and_o the_o shrink_n of_o the_o ring_n by_o little_a and_o little_a as_o it_o cool_v they_o not_o only_o come_v to_o fit_v as_o at_o first_o but_o be_v so_o firm_o unite_v that_o before_o they_o be_v quite_o cold_a a_o considerable_a force_n be_v but_o requisite_a to_o separate_v they_o the_o contrary_a in_o all_o respect_v happen_v when_o we_o intense_o freeze_v the_o ring_n the_o second_o experiment_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o body_n be_v dilate_v by_o the_o imbibe_v of_o moisture_n as_o well_o as_o by_o the_o insinuation_n of_o heat_n 5._o we_o make_v a_o conical_a ring_n of_o box_n who_o concave_a superficies_n be_v curious_o turn_v and_o polish_a there_o be_v also_o make_v a_o stock_n or_o conical_a mandril_n of_o steel_n turn_v and_o well_o smooth_v and_o nice_o divide_v with_o many_o circle_n parallel_v to_o the_o base_a fit_v the_o ring_n upon_o this_o we_o mark_v which_o of_o those_o circle_n the_o bottom_n thereof_o just_a touch_v take_v it_o off_o we_o let_v it_o lie_v in_o water_n three_o whole_a day_n that_o it_o may_v have_v time_n to_o penetrate_v through_o the_o whole_a stubstance_n of_o the_o wood_n then_o we_o put_v it_o on_o again_o and_o observe_v that_o the_o concavity_n be_v stretch_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o ring_n fall_v much_o low_a upon_o the_o stock_n than_o it_o do_v at_o first_o this_o ring_n be_v make_v two_o several_a way_n in_o one_o the_o ligneous_a fibres_n be_v perpendicular_a in_o the_o other_o parallel_n to_o the_o plane_n of_o the_o basis_n the_o first_o after_o soak_v in_o the_o water_n keep_v its_o spherical_a figure_n exact_o the_o other_o come_v near_o to_o a_o oval_a and_o put_v upon_o the_o stock_n sink_v down_o much_o short_a of_o the_o former_a observe_v to_o make_v these_o ring_n of_o firm_a clear_a wood_n that_o be_v without_o knot_n and_o of_o a_o uniform_a hardness_n especial_o when_o the_o fibre_n be_v cut_v transvers_o that_o so_o all_o be_v swell_v by_o the_o steep_v their_o enlargement_n may_v be_v the_o more_o sensible_a note_v also_o as_o be_v say_v at_o first_o that_o the_o ring_n must_v lie_v so_o long_o in_o the_o water_n as_o their_o whole_a substance_n may_v be_v penetrate_v for_o the_o effect_n will_v be_v different_a if_o those_o that_o be_v but_o a_o little_a soak_v on_o the_o outside_n be_v put_v upon_o the_o stock_n because_o they_o will_v not_o slide_v down_o so_o far_o as_o when_o they_o be_v dry_a therefore_o let_v they_o be_v well_o impregnate_v and_o satiate_v with_o moisture_n that_o their_o dilatation_n may_v be_v the_o more_o visible_a the_o three_o experiment_n which_o discover_v more_o evident_o the_o readiness_n of_o glass_n to_o contract_n and_o dilate_v itself_o upon_o heat_n and_o cold._n brac._n there_o be_v make_v a_o hollow_a ring_n of_o glass_n as_o in_o the_o figure_n about_o two_o foot_n in_o diameter_n with_o two_o funnel_n that_o when_o the_o liquor_n be_v pour_v in_o at_o one_o the_o air_n may_v have_v vent_n at_o the_o other_o then_o be_v make_v a_o cross_n of_o glass_n just_a to_o touch_v with_o its_o extremity_n the_o concave_a of_o our_o hollow_a ring_n ciambella_n and_o fill_v the_o vessel_n with_o hot_a water_n by_o the_o funnel_n as_o it_o proceed_v in_o dilate_v itself_o so_o visible_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o of_o the_o glass_n rod_n lose_v their_o hold_n for_o they_o do_v not_o bear_v equal_o
stiff_a against_o the_o instrument_n and_o at_o last_o both_o be_v loosen_v so_o that_o the_o cross_n be_v at_o liberty_n fall_v down_o upon_o the_o table_n whereon_o we_o set_v the_o instrument_n within_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o ring_n after_o this_o pour_v the_o hot_a water_n out_o we_o fill_v it_o with_o a_o mixture_n of_o salt_n and_o ice_n dissolve_v and_o it_o not_o only_o hold_v the_o cross_n again_o but_o with_o great_a firmness_n than_o at_o first_o the_o four_o experiment_n to_o find_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o metal_n 1._o have_v bend_v a_o small_a plate_n of_o tin_n like_o a_o stirrup_n and_o hang_v it_o up_o so_o as_o the_o two_o extremity_n may_v touch_v a_o plane_n put_v under_o they_o upon_o which_o we_o draw_v two_o line_n where_o the_o aforenamed_a extremity_n must_v necessary_o strike_v if_o they_o have_v be_v prolong_v we_o than_o put_v a_o live_v cole_n over_o the_o bend_n of_o the_o plate_n and_o attentive_o observe_v one_o of_o the_o point_n we_o discern_v that_o by_o little_a and_o little_a it_o part_v from_o the_o line_n draw_v within_o it_o and_o this_o be_v when_o the_o convex_a of_o the_o plate_n only_o be_v heat_v dilate_a itself_o and_o the_o concave_n be_v contract_v but_o when_o it_o have_v penetrate_v which_o it_o soon_o do_v the_o whole_a thickness_n of_o the_o tin_n be_v then_o equal_o dilate_v the_o point_n not_o only_o again_o reach_v the_o line_n but_o pass_v beyond_o it_o more_o or_o less_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o heat_v communicate_v by_o the_o fire_n to_o the_o bend_n of_o the_o stirrup_n the_o five_o experiment_n to_o observe_v by_o the_o sound_a the_o like_a dilatation_n in_o a_o stirrup_n of_o glass_n 2._o we_o fit_v a_o minikin_n to_o a_o broad_a stirrup_n of_o glass_n as_o in_o the_o figure_n and_o tune_v it_o a_o octave_n to_o the_o string_n of_o a_o guitarre_n and_o apply_v the_o heat_n to_o it_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o do_v to_o the_o stirrup_n of_o tin_n when_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o affect_v the_o concave_a superficies_n thereof_o but_o only_o the_o convex_a tab._n 16._o p._n 110._o the_o tone_n be_v flatter_v because_o as_o in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n the_o aperture_n be_v lessen_v and_o consequent_o the_o string_n slacken_v but_o when_o the_o heat_n have_v penetrate_v quite_o through_o the_o string_n be_v straighten_a so_o as_o the_o sound_n be_v sharp_a than_o the_o first_o tune_v the_o six_o experiment_n discover_v the_o same_o effect_v more_o clear_o to_o the_o eye_n 3._o we_o fasten_v to_o the_o same_o string_n with_o a_o bit_n of_o thread_n a_o small_a leaden_a plummet_n and_o put_v under_o it_o a_o little_a plate_n of_o glass_n so_o as_o not_o quite_o to_o touch_v the_o weight_n and_o apply_v fire_n to_o the_o usual_a place_n the_o effect_v as_o to_o the_o stirrup_n be_v the_o very_a same_o as_o at_o other_o time_n for_o be_v at_o first_o draw_v together_o the_o cord_n become_v slack_a and_o the_o weight_n rest_v upon_o the_o plate_n of_o glass_n but_o at_o last_o extend_v the_o aperture_n it_o strain_v the_o cord_n and_o raise_v up_o the_o plummet_n the_o contrary_a effect_n be_v wrought_v by_o ice_n make_v use_v of_o instead_o of_o the_o coal_n but_o sensible_o less_o in_o proportion_n as_o its_o activity_n be_v less_o than_o the_o fire_n the_o seven_o experiment_n show_v the_o same_o effect_n in_o wire_n string_n minugie_a ricotto_n a_o leaden_a plummet_n be_v fasten_v to_o a_o nealed_a brass-wire_n and_o hang_v over_o a_o glass_n plate_n at_o a_o little_a distance_n therefrom_o draw_v near_a to_o touch_v it_o as_o the_o wire_n become_v heat_v by_o apply_v a_o light_a candle_n to_o it_o and_o still_o retire_v from_o it_o upon_o every_o little_a rub_v with_o ice_n ottone_v in_o like_a manner_n two_o wire_n of_o mix_a brass_n tune_v unison_n so_o that_o one_o be_v strike_v the_o other_o sound_v be_v make_v discordant_a either_o by_o approach_v to_o one_o of_o they_o a_o live_v coale_n or_o a_o piece_n of_o ice_n that_o by_o lengthen_v the_o wire_n make_v the_o tone_n flatter_v and_o this_o by_o shorten_v it_o sharpen_v the_o sound_n thereof_o the_o eight_o experiment_n whereby_o from_o the_o appearance_n of_o a_o contrary_a effect_n it_o be_v confirm_v that_o the_o first_o motion_n of_o liquor_n come_v from_o the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n be_v alter_v in_o the_o instant_n of_o immersion_n it_o may_v happen_v upon_o the_o first_o immersion_n of_o vessel_n into_o the_o ambient_fw-la hot_a or_o cold_a body_n that_o the_o level_n of_o the_o contain_v liquor_n show_v a_o different_a effect_n from_o that_o beforenamed_n that_o be_v that_o it_o may_v immediate_o rise_v in_o a_o hot_a ambient_fw-la 4._o and_o subside_o in_o a_o cold_a one_o this_o will_v be_v always_o if_o the_o vessel_n be_v make_v in_o the_o shape_n represent_v by_o the_o figure_n in_o this_o upon_o the_o first_o touch_n of_o warm_a water_n the_o liquor_n will_v present_o rise_v because_o in_o the_o lateral_a angle_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o thick_a of_o metal_n in_o comparison_n of_o the_o hollow_a face_n the_o heat_n act_v first_o upon_o the_o outward_a superficies_n lessen_v those_o angles_n as_o we_o say_v before_o it_o do_v to_o the_o stirrup_n of_o glass_n and_o so_o necessary_o come_v to_o stretch_v the_o thin_a hollow_v part_n which_o dilate_v inward_o happen_v at_o first_o to_o lessen_v the_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n and_o to_o raise_v the_o liquor_n in_o the_o neck_n which_o fall_v again_o from_o that_o space_n new_o fill_v when_o the_o heat_n have_v penetrate_v the_o whole_a substance_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o the_o vessel_n begin_v to_o enlarge_v itself_o uniform_o return_v to_o its_o first_o size_n and_o large_a and_o at_o last_o the_o liquor_n rise_v again_o when_o impregnate_v with_o the_o fiery_a corpuscel_n it_o begin_v to_o rarify_v and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o contrary_a to_o this_o be_v observe_v from_o cold_a the_o same_o cause_n act_v contrary_o and_o note_v that_o 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