woulde not admit hym and fought very valiantly with Metellus that was sent against hym of Sylla and being couragious to anye feate elected a Senate of thrée hundred of his present friends which he called the Romaine Senate in dispight whereof hee named it the Choice Counsell Sylla being dead and after hym Lepidus Sertorius hauing another army of Italians which Perpenna brought vnto him as a Pretor of Lepidus he had an opinion to be able to make warre vppon Italy which the Senate fearing sente another armye and another Pretor whiche was Pompey to the army that was before in Iberia who being but a yong Gentleman was renowmed for the seruice he had done vnder Sylla in Libya and in Italy He passed the Alpes very boldly not that way that Anniball did so notablye but brake another way by the fountaines of Rodanus and Eridanus both the whiche floudes haue theyr springs not far asunder from the high Alpes Rodanus runneth by the Frenchemen that he beyond the Alpes into the Tirrâ—ne sea the other within the Alpes flowing to Ionia and in stéede of Eridanus is called Padus Being come into Iberia Sertorius straight did ouerthrowe one legion goyng a foraging with their baggage and slaues The Citie of Lauâ—one in Pompeius sighte he spoiled and ouerthrew At this siege a woman being missused of a souldior with courage beyonde nature of hir kinde pulled out hys eies Sertorius hauing vnderstanding of the chaunce putte to death the whole baÌ„d being counted corrupted in like things though it were al of the Romaines then winter comming on they rested The Spring approching they came forth Metellus and Pompey froÌ„ the mount Pirinei and Sertorius with Perpenna from Lusitania They met at a Citie called Sura where giuing battell though an horrible thunder in y clere aire which is maruellous lightnings out of reason did flash vpon theÌ„ yet they as expert souldiors without fearâ— kept y fight made great murder one of another til Metellus had ouerthrown Perpenna and scattered his men Sertorius ouercome Pompey who was hurt in y thigh with a darte and escaped wyth much daÌ„ger This was the end of the first battel Sertorius had a white Harte tame to him very louing the which being loste he tooke it for an euill token woulde not come forth for griefe thinking his Hart had bin takeÌ„ of his enimies who scorned him for it but when y Hart was séene again came running to him by by as by y prouoked he set vpoÌ„ his enimies made diuers light fightes Shortly after they fought a great battel about SaguÌ„tia froÌ„ noone till night in y which he ouercame Pompey in the battel of horsmeÌ„ flew .vj. M. of his enimies lost halfe so many of his own Metellus of that other side killed .v. M. of PerpeÌ„nas camp The nexte day Sertorius with an huge nuÌ„ber of Barbarians a little before night set vpoÌ„ Metellus had brokeÌ„ his campe if Pompey had not approched made him leaue his bold enterprise These thinges being done in soÌ„mer they retired to their winter harborow The yere folowing being y Clxvj. Olimp. 2. of y coÌ„federed nations did fal to the Romaines Bythinia giuen by Nicomedes Cyrene by Tolomeus Lagus called Appion leauing it to theÌ„ by Testament On the other side great enimies discouered against them Sertorius in Spain Mithridates in y East rouers ouer al that sea a stir in Creta a tumult of the FeÌ„ce-players of Italy very sodain and sharp The Romains diuiding their power for this purpose set .ij. legions into Iberia which being come Metellus Pompey remoued froÌ„ their wintrings at y mount Pirenei into Iberia Sertorius Perpenna came froÌ„ Luâ—itania at the which time many fled froÌ„ Sertorius to Metellus with the which Sertorius being grieued he haÌ„dled many cruelly barbarously wherby he grew into hate of the army the rather for that he remoued the Romains froÌ„ the custody of hys body put the Celtiberians in their place They could not abide to be reproued of vnfaithfulnesse though they serued an ennimy to Rome but this thing chiefly grieued theÌ„ that they were counted rebels to their couÌ„try for his sake yet suspected of him that with him ther was no difference betwene a fugitiue a faithful The Celtiberians also vsed theÌ„ dispitefully taunted them as vnfaithful notwithstaÌ„ding the Romains did not vtterly forsake him bycause of their commodities for there was not a more valiaÌ„t nor fortunate captaine than hee in somuche as the Celtiberians woulde call hym Anniball for hys promptnesse who was the moste politicke and forwarde Capitayne that they coulde rehearse After this sort stoode the army with Sertorius Metellus people did daily molest the Cities coÌ„pell many to yéelde vnto theÌ„ Pompeius besieged Palantia and wyth tymber had made waye to scale the wall Sertorius came to the reliefe and remoued the siege â–ª Pompey burned hys timber worke destroyed the walles and retyred to Metellus Sertorius repaired the Citie and spéedilye weÌ„t toward Calagyrus where encouÌ„tring with theÌ„ that lay there he killed 3000. of them And these were the doings in Iberia this yere The yere following the Romaine capitaines with greater courage set vpoÌ„ the Cities that held with Sertorius tooke some of theÌ„ other they sought to get by pollicie as they did not vsing theyr whole force at euery atteÌ„pt But the yere folowing came stronger to the field did their things with more confideÌ„ce Nowe Sertorius began to decay God being against hym and hee omitting the laws trauailes of a captain gaue himselfe to delicatenesse and womeÌ„ feasting drinking for these causes he was many times ouercome falling into furies rages for euery trifle suspected euery man Wherefore PerpeÌ„na y from the faction of Aemilius came vnto him with a gret army begaÌ„ to doubt of him conspired against him wyth tenne other the which béeyng discouered some were hanged and some escaped but Perpenna not beeyng named as was his maruellous good hap perseuered the rather in hys purpose he desired Sertorius to a banquet and although he neuer wente withoute hys Guarde yet at the seaste little respect being had and hee and all they ouerladen with Wine Perpenna cut off his heade in the place where he feasted The armye wyth great ire and tumulte rose againste Perpenna chaunging theyr hate into loue of the Capitaine for though before they hadde us greate lykyng of hym now that hee was deade remembraunce of his vertue tourned their mindes to pitie And in thys present case they contemned Perpenna as a priuate man and thinking their only weale did consist in Sertorius they could not abide Perpenna not only they but the Lusitanes and other Barbarians thought as much whome Sertorius chiefly vsed in the warre and when the tables of his Testament were
he killed they being much gréeued at it Being conueyed by shippe he fledde to Pontus and gathering some Sâ—ythians and Sauromatians tooke Theudocia and Panticapaea His old aduersarie Asandro comming againe vpon him and his horsemen wantyng horse and not vsed to fight on foote they were ouercome Pharnâ—ces alone fighting valiauntlye till hée was wounded and died when he was fiftye yeares olde and xâ— yeares king of Bosphorus This Pharnaces loste his kingdome whiche C. Caesar gaue to Mithridates of Pergamo that had holpen hym well in Aegipt Nowe they be frée but to Pontus and Bythinia a president is sent euery yeare The other coutries that Pompey had giuen although Caesar blamed them for taking Pompeys parte against him yet he let them haue it sauing the spiritual office of Comagene which he translated from Archelous to Nicomedes but not long after bothe these and those that C. Caesar and M. Antonius gaue to other wer made prouinces of the Romaynes by Augustus Caesar when he hadde wâ—â—â—e Aegipt the Romaines taking lighte occasions againste euery man Therfore their dominion encreasyng by thys warre of Mithridates into Pontus Euxinus and to the sandes of Aegipt and the floude Euphrates from the Hiberians that be at the pillers of Hercules it maye wel be called a greate Victorie and Pompey the Captaine euen so They haue also Affrica to Sirene which Appion the king of the house of Lagida being base gaue them by his Testament only Aegipt was left for the compasse of their inwarde sea ⸪ The ende of the Romaine ciuill vvarres vvith King Mithridates ¶ The Romanes warre with the Spanyardes by Appian of Alexandria THe mountaynes of Pyrene stretche from â—he Toscâ—ne sea to the North Ocean The Celtes which now be called Galles do inhabit part of them toward the East The Iberians and Celtiberians from the Toscane Sea also to the pilloures of Hercules and the North Ocean be towarde the Weast so as Iberia is compassed with the Sea except the mouÌ„taines of Pyrene which be the greatest and highest hilles of Europe The nations make a nauigation with this compasse and come to the pillers of Hercules They doe not go by the winter and Weast Ocean but to passe into Brittayne whyche they doe by the commoditie of the tydes going and comming and this passage is made by sayling halfe a day Other places of this Ocean neyther the Romanes themselues nor none of their Empire haue passed Therefore the greatnesse of Iberia which now is called Spayne being confedered as one prouince is almost incredible for the breaâ—th of it is terme thousand furlongs and the length as muche Manye nations inhabite it and be diuers in names and there be many nauigable flouds in it What people did inhabite first or who got it after and suche other matter I am not minded to shew but only so much as may apperteyne to the Romanes Only this I will saye that I suppose the Celtes passed the Pyrenian hilles aud dwelled among the other inhabitants of the Countrey of the whiche it is manifest that the name of the Celtiberians came and the Phoenitians long before sayling often thither I thinke did inhabite a part of it Likewise other Grecians that sayled to Tartessus to Arganthonius king of the same did stay in Iberia for as I suppose Arganthonius reigned then in Spayne at Tartessus whiche was then a Citie at the Sea coast that is nowe named Carptesse And I beléeue that the Temple of Hercules was builded of Iphenia in that place which is called the pillers in the whiche at this day Ceremonies be vsed after the manner of the Phoeniâ—ians and he that was borne at Tirus not he that was borne at Thebes was counted the God of that Countrey But we leaue this to them that haue care to search antiquities This coast so plentifull and rich the Carthagies deuised to get before the Romanes and subdued one parte and vexed the other with continuall inuasions till the Romanes put the out possessed al their places Other townes after ward came to their Empire by muche labour and long time whiche reuolting diuers times were againe suâ—â—ued by the Romanes who diuided that region into thrée parts and sent to many presidents to it Now they got euery place and what warre they kepte with the Carthagies and then with the Iberians and Celtiberians I will shew in this volume The Romanes firste made warre with the Carthagies but bycause that warre was made for Spayne I must nedes shew it in this historie whiche I wright of Spayne and for that cause I haue comprehended in the booke of the warre of Sicelie what â—doe was betwéene the Romanes and Carthagies for that Islande and that was when the Romanes sayled into Sicelie to subdue that place The first warre with the Carthagies was in Sicelie for the dominion of that Island The second was in Spayne for the possession of it at the whiche tyme eyther of them inuaded others lands wyth greate armyes and Nauie The Carthagies destroying Italy and the Romanes Liâ—ya This warre beganne aboute the Câ—L Olimpiad when the Carthagies had broken the truce that was made in the warre of Sicelie the cause whereof was this Amilchar surnamed Barcha promised great rewards to the Celtes and Libyans that were with him in Sicelie the whiche rewardes being required of Amilchar when he was come to Carthage was the cause of the warre with Affrike in the whiche the Carthagies suffered muche hurte for they delyuered Sardinia to the Romanes for the iniurie they had done to the Romane Merchantes in that warre For these causes when Amilchar Barcha was accused of the contrary faction as by whome came so greate detriment of the Citie he by the fauoure of them that gouerned the common wealthe whereof Hâ—sdruball called the Greate was one to whome he had giuen his daughter in marriage and well beloued of the people was not only pardoned but also chosen a Captayne togither with Hanno that was called Great against the Numidians the accusation yet depending by the whyche Amilchar muste gyue an accompte of his doyngs in the warre When the warre of Numidia was ended and Hanno called to Caâ—thage for certayne complayntes Amilchar remayned Captayne of the army alone hauing wyth hym Asdrâ—â—aâ— hys sonne in lawe And wyth thys armye he sayled to Gâ—dâ—s and did molest the Iberians spoyling theyr lande not that they hadde deserued anye such thing but that he soughte occasion to be absente from hys Countrey making that warre to wynne the fauour of the people For deuiding the pray he gaue parte of it to the Souldyoures that were with him and parte hée sente to Carthage and parte he gaue to the chiefe of the Citie that fauoured hym Whilest he dyd thus certayne of the greate men and others of Iberia conspired togither anâ— kylled hym thus They sent certayne Cartes laden wyth wodde whyche they followed wyth their armoure At thys the
After Apuleius and the rest were killed the Senate and the people decréede to call home Metellus but P. Furius Tribune not borne of a frée man to his father but made frée of a bond man boldly did resist them and reiected his sonne Metellus beséeching him with teares vpon his knées in the sight of all the people which yong man for that pitifull acte was euer after called Metellus the dutifull Caius Canuleius Tribune the next yeare did accuse Furius and the people that would not tarrie to haue him tried by iudgement did teare him in péeces Thus euer one mischiefe or other was committed in the common place Metellus was called home and as they say a daye did not suffice for them that came to welcome hym home at the gates of the Citie Thus the thirde sedition after the two former made of the two Graccâ—â— begunne by Apulesus and working muche trouble to the Romaynes was ended In the meane tyme kyndled a stirre called the fellowes warre whiche as it was sodayne so it shortlye grewe verye great and caused dissention to ceasse at home for feare of trouble abrode and when it was ended it raysed newe turmoyles and workers of discorde not for makyng of Cities or creating of officers among the people but wyth myghtye armyes séekyng one anothers destruction the whyche I thought good to ioyne with thys Hystorie bycause it procéeded of ciuill dissention and increased to a farre greater tumulte the begynnyng whereof was thys Fuluiuâ— Flaccus béeyng Consull was the fyrste that openly encouraged the Italians to aske the fréedome of Rome that of subiectes they myghte bée coequall in authoritie And bycause hée was so earnest in the cause the Senatoures sente hym to a forrayne warre where hée laboured to bée Tribune When hys office shoulde ende and broughte to passe that hée was chosen Tribune wyth Gracchus the yonger both the whyche going aboute to make lawes in the fauoure of the Italians were slayne as yée haue hearde whereby the Italians were the more sharplyesette takyng it gréeuouslye that they were rather vsed lyke vnderlyngs than fellowes and that Fuluius and Gracchus for theyr sakes were so destroyed after whome Liuius Drusus a noble man and Tribune hadde promised the Italians to make a lawe in theyr fauoure touchyng the freedome of the Citie whereof they were verye desirous as the onely meane of Seruauntes to bée made Superioures To gratifye the people of Rome the Tribune ledde newe inhabitances as well into Italie as Sicelie determined before but tyll that tyme deferred Hée also tooke in hande to make pacification betwéene the Senatoures and the Gentlemen whyche were fallen out for authoritie of iudiciall matters and when hée sawe hée coulde not directlye restore the Senate to theyr former iurisdiction he vsed a policie wyth them both for where the Senate by reason of sedition were scarcely the number of thrée hundred hée deuised that so many more shoulde bée chosen of the Gentlemen and of them all Judges to bee chosen in tyme to come to heare matters of corruption whyche was nowe no more regarded for men were waxen so shamelesse as it was thoughte no faulte but thys policie hadde contrarie successe for the Senate was gréeued that so many Gentlemen shoulde so suddaynely bée made theyr fellowes béeyng vnlyke that they in lyke authoritie would agrée with them The Gentlemen were afrayde that the whole order of iudgementes should be in the Senate the which thing now hauing tasted of great gaine with much authoritie they began not without cause to suspect besideforth an emulation grew among themselues which of theÌ„ shoulde be thought worthier than other to be chosen to the thrée C. and he that was was sure to be enuied but nothing did more trouble them than that the triall of corruption shoulde be called agayne to the ordinary court the which was now out of vse and in this the Senate and the Gentlemen though they agréed not among themselues yet they both conspired agaynste Drusus The people was pleased wyth theyr newe habitations But the Italians for whose sakes the Tribune hadde begunne all these things could not away with the placing of newe habitacions for if the diuision of common land should ceasse the rich men some by force and some by fraude woulde winne it and streight get it from them and be euill neyghbours to them that would with-holde them The Tuscanes and the Vmbrians hauing the like affection were brought of the Consull inpretence to dispatche Drusus but in very déde to resist the lawe againste the which they openly cryed and expected the day of determination When the Tribune hearde of this he came not abroade but gaue audience at home in a darke gallerie and in an euening dismissing the people it hapned so that he cryed I am hurt and with y word he fell downe dead it was found that he was strickeÌ„ with a Shomakers knife in y flanke Thus Drusus the Tribune was slayne The Gentlemen of this determination tooke occasion to picke quarels against their enimies and induced Q. Valerius the Tribune to take vppon him to accuse all them that eyther priuily or apertly had furthered the Italians in the publique matters hoping thereby the great men should haue bin brought into slaunders and diffamation and they be their Judges whych being ridde away they shoulde yet haue greater power in the common wealth And whereas other Tribunes did refuse to propound the lawe the Gentlemen with swords in hand did coÌ„passe the place and caused the law to be made which as soone as they had obteyned they brought in accusers againste the Senatours whereof one Bestius woulde not obey but wente into voluntarie banishment as he that would not giue himselfe into the hands of his enimies Cotta appeared in iudgement and when hée had very boldly declared his seruice for the common wealth and reprehended the Gentlemen before he shoulde be cast out by decrée he wente away willingly Mummius that euercame Greece being promised of the Gentlemen to be released was deceyued and forced with shame to flée iudgement and to leade his lyfe in the I le of Delos The people began to be gréeued at this disorder increasing dayly against the best men lamenting that so many and so good CitizeÌ„s should be so suddainely taken from them The Italians hearing of Drusus death and the cause of so many mens exile thinking no longer to be suffered that such a sort of their chiefe patrones should be thus vsed and not hoping any other way to obteyne the fréedome of the Citie determined to leaue the Romaines and to make warre vpon them At the beginning of this confederacie they secretely gaue hostages for assurance of their faith which thing was long hidde to the Romaines bycause of their dissention and iudiciall causes but when it was perceyued they sente diuers abroade to vnderstand the thyng closely one of the whiche marking that
all our truste in thée as in Caesars friende and nexte him most acquainted in the seruice of warre and nowe our Generall and for al respects most sit for it When our enimies did rise and boldly force Syria and Macedonia and prepared mony and men against vs and the Senate maintainyng Decimus and thou consuming the tyme in contention with Caesar Octauius not without cause we were afraide that in tyme to come thys dissention â—etwéene you woulde raise a greater warre than hathe beene and gyue occasion to our ennimies to do what they woulde againste vs all the whyche seeyng thy selfe doest vnderstande we beséeche thee that for Casars sake and for oure loue whiche hath doone nothing to offend thée and for the commodities that may rise both to thée and vs that whilest thou mayest thou wouldest agrée with Octauius whiche onlye is sufficient entending to be reuenged of the strykers The whiche thing cleare of all care shall stay thée in aucthoritie and place vs in securitie that now are in doubt both for thée and for oure selues The chiefetaynes hauyng sayde thus muche Antony thus aunswered What beneuolence and loue I haue euer borne to Caesar in all hys causes offeryng my selfe to moste perills of all other you that haue béene in Souldiour fare with me and present to euery thing that hathe bin done can well testifie How muche loue and good will he shewed to me euen till his last day I shall not néede to repeate For his quellers waying both thâ—se meâ—utâ— to haue kylled me with him as thoughe I being a â—â—â— they coulde not thinke their intentes to â–ª consiste in safetye And if anye manne dydde affraye them from that mynde it was not doone for desire and care of my life but for a respecte onelye that they woulde not séeme to persecute their ennimies but to dispatche a Tyran Who then can thinke that I doe forgette Caesar my benefactour or haue more estéemed his enimies than him or woulde willingly forgyue them his death that haue sought mine as this new Caesar thinketh How then commeth the obliuion of his deathe and their aduancemeÌ„t to prouinces for this he obiecteth against me and not the Senate Heare you then how it hathe come to passe Caesar being slayne in the Senate house euery man was afrayd and I most of all for Caesars friendship and ignorance of the facte for I neyther hearde of the comuration nor vnderstoode howe manye were of the conspirancie The people was in tumulte and the strikers with the swordplayers tooke the Capitoll and made themselues fast and the Senate was of their side whyche is nowe more euident bycause they decréed honors to them as to the killers of a Tyrant and if Caesar were a Tyrant then must we haue bin destroyed strayght as friends to a Tyrante So I béeyng troubled with tumult with feare and sorrow coulde not vse reason nor bée without perplexitie as you maye perceyue if you will consider for on the one side was néede of boldnesse vehemente and on the other dissimulation extreame Firste thys was to be done the residue easlie followyng to take away the honor to be gyuen to the strikers againste thâ— whiche I onely standyng resisted both the Senate and them and broughte to passe with greate payne vsing eindente courage onely offering my selfe to that perill supposing that wée Caesars friendes should be in suretie if heâ— were not condemned as a Tyrant The lyke feare troubled our enimies and the Senate that if he were not iudged a Tyrant they shoulde be accompted manquellers And for thys contention I thoughte it best to gyue place and to allow obliuion of hys death in stead of honor to be giuen to them that I mighte wynne of them as muche as by necessitie I coulde And this was the manner of my doings that neyther I dyd suffer Caesars name to be abolished nor his substance to bée confiscate nor his adoption in the whiche this man nowe most gloryeth to be dissolued nor his testament to be frustrated Hys bodye I caused to be buryed princely and honoures due vnto him before to be consecrated as immortall and all his actes and decrées to be kept firme and sure and hys sonne and our friends the Captaynes and the Souldioures to be in good safetie and to liue in honor in stead of rebuke Thinke you the obteyning of these thynges of the Senate for Obliuion were but small and trifles or doe you thynke wythout Obâ—uion the Senate would haue graunted them whyche for these causes I thynke is playnely to bee performed for a true dealyng wyth the strikers and for animmortall glory of Caesar and all oure weale and suretie The whyche I haue not done of that purpose but to turne the course to the contrarye For when I hadde brought the Senate to that that was profitable to vs and allowed the killers to remayne in quiet I did ouerthrowe the Obliuion not by decrée nor statute for that I coulde not but by an earnest iealousie of the people bringing Caesars bodye to be buryed in the common place and causing hys woundes to bée séene of the multitude shewyng his vesture bloudy and mangled and declaring his vertue and beneuolence to the people wéeping when I made the mourning Oration I called hym by the name of a kylled god These were my wordes and workes whereby the people was so prouoked as in stead of Obliuion they tooke fire and wente to the quellers houses and in the ende drone them out of the Citie Howe thys was contrarye to the Senate they béeyng gréeued wyth it it was euidently séene For they accused me first of ambition and appoynted prouinces to Brutus and Cassius Syria and Macedonia whyche were full of greate armyes And least they shoulde séeme to make hast before theyr tyme they gaue them pretence to prouide grayne for the Citie Wherefore a greater feare dyd yet trouble me for lacke of an appoynted armye as menne naked to syghte wyth so manye well armed my fellowe béeyng a man suspected and disagréeyng from me and one of the conspirators agaynste Caesar and appoynted to bée héere at the daye of hys deathe For these thyngs béeyng in great trouble and séekyng with spéede to disarme oure enimies and to arme oure selues I kylled Amatius I thoughte good to call home Pompey that by thys meane I mighte ioyne the Senate agayne Yet not much trustyng them I persuaded Dolobelia to aske Syria not of the Senate but of the people by a lawe to bée made and in hys sute I furthered hym of a friende to make hym an enimie to the strikers and that it shoulde séeme verye vnfytte for the Senate to denye me Macedonia séeyng they hadde graunted Syria to Dolobella for otherwise woulde they not haue graunted mée that prouince nor delyuered me that armye excepte they hadde firste graunted to Dolabella the same to goe agaynste the Parthians nor they woulde not haue taken from Brutus and Cassius Syria and Macedonia vnlesse they hadde appoynted some
which being decréed they brake vp euen as already Antony had being an enemy in déede no Tribune daring speake for him the next daye Wherefore his wife and hys mother wyth his sonne being yet yong and his other friendes and familiars all the night went to the great mens houses to beséech them and the next daye came to the Senate house suing to euerye man falling to their féete with wéeping and wayling in blacke habite they cryed out at the counsel dore and some for the lamentable voyces and behauiour for the sodennesse of the matter were moued with compassion wherefore Cicero being afrayde he spake thus vnto the Senate What we ought to decrée of Antony yesterday we did determine for when we gaue honour to his aduersaries we coÌ„demned him as an enimie Saluius was only an impediment against vs eyther for that he thinketh himselfe more wise than we or for the friendship he beareth to Antony or for ignoraÌ„ce of the matter Euerye one of these is to our great shame that al we should haue lesse wit than one and also to Saluius if he do prefer his friendship before the coÌ„mon wealth But wheÌ„ he hath not well vnderstand this present case he should haue giuen credite to the Consul the Pretors and to the Tribunes his fellowes and to the other Senatoures in number and worthinesse so manye who for oure age and experience oughte to knowe Antonie â–ª better than Saluâ—o In publique causes and iudgementes the more parte euer hath the right but if causes muste vee knowne and nowe learned agayne I wyll repeate them briefelye and touche the moste principall matter When Caesar was deade Antony tooke awaye oure common money the rule of Macedonia he hadde by vs but into Fraunce he entred violently without vs The army that was delyuered hym againste the Thracians hée brought into Italie againste vs requiring these deceitfully of vs and not obtayning hee did them of himselfe At Brunduse heâ— ordained a princelye bande to be aboute hym and openlye in Rome men in armour dyd guarde and watche hym vnder ensignes He broughte from Brunduse an other armye to the Cittie readye to all attemptes aspiring to the things that Caesar whom hée lamented coueted and when yong Caesar prepared againste hym another armye hee was afrayde and wente into Fraunce as a place fittest to vse force againste vs bycause Caesar from that place did inuade vs and got the rule ouer vs and giuing terrour to his armye that they mighte sticke to him in all hys vnlawfull dooyngs by lotte hee caused them to dye neither making anye mutinie nor forsaking their charge and order in battell for the whiche onelye the lawe of armes I thinke hath appoynted that punishemente whyche fewe Capitaynes scarcelye in greate perills woulde vse for necessitie But hee at a worde and a ieste giueth death to Citizens and death not of them that deserue but of suche as he woulde choose wherefore they that coulde haue forsaken hym and you yesterdaye dyd determine to rewarde them as those that hadde doone well They that coulde not escape awaye for feare doe dwell with him and as enimies inuade youre lande and besiege youre armye and youre generall and whom you appoynted to remaine in Fraunce Antony commaundeth hym to departe Whether then haue we iudged Antony an ennimye or doeth hée vse vs as enimyes Oure Tribune wyll not know this tyll Decimus be deade and tyll that prouince so greate and so nygh vnto vs and after the prouince the armye also of Decimus maye be in Antonies power to worke hys hope agaynste vs For by lyke the Tribunes wyll not â—o soone decrée hym to be an ennimye tyll hee bée Lorde ouer vs. Whyle Cicero was thus saying hys friendes made a greate noyse continuallye and woulde not suffer anye manne to speake agayne tyll Piso rose vppe when as the Senate for the reuerence of him commaunded silence and then the Ciceronians stayde and Piso thus beganne to speake The lawe O Senatours doth allowe the accused to haue hys cause heard and when he hath aunswered for himselfe to be iudged accordynglye Cicero the moste vehement Oratoure I doe chalenge who durste not accuse Antony when he was presente and in hys absence hath layde greate matter to his charge the greatest and doubtfullest whereof I wyll note and wyth shorte aunswere shewe them to bée false Hee sayeth that Antony after Caesar â–ª deathe dyd take the publique money as hys owne the lawe calleth suche one â— Theefe and not an enimye appointyng the payne Therefore when Brutus hadde slayne Caesar and accused hym to the people for spoyling the common money and leauing the â—teâ—â—â— nothyng Antony by and by did decrée that the matter 〈…〉 â—t searched 〈…〉 approued hys sentence by publique 〈…〉 appointyng a rewarde of the tenthe 〈…〉 to them that woulde declare it whych we wyll double if any man can accuse Antony of that And thus much concerning the money The prouince of Fraunce we did not appoint to Antony the people did by lawe Cicero being present in such sort as manye other be giuen and heretofore gaue the same to Caesar in like maner Part of the decrée is that Antony should make warre vpon Decimus if he would not giue place vnto him and that the army prepared against the Thracians who stirreth not shoulde be led against him if he resisted Cicero doth not iudge Decimus an enemye that maketh warre againste the lawe but Antony that obeyeth the lawe If he condemneth hym hee condemneth them that made the lawe whome hee ought by persuasion to pacific and not to prouoke by contumelie Neither ought he to credite that place to Decimus whoÌ„ the people haue bannished for murder discredite Antony to whom the people haue giuen it by law It is no good counsel to make diuision with the people especially in dauÌ„gerous times nor to forget that this belongeth chiefly to the people to iudge of friendes and foes for by the auntient lawes the people only is Lord of war and peace in the whiche at this time notwithstanding they haue not appointed nor commaunded nor vsed their priuiledge ouer vs But he saith Antony killed certain Souldiours being general and appointed therevnto by you Neuer was there Captaine generall that was charged wyth that offiÌ„ce For the lawes haue not thought it méete that the Captaine should be subiect to the Souldiours and there is nothing worse in a campe than disobedience by the whiche some conquerours haue bene ouerthrowen None of them that were punished haue complayned nor none of their friendes or kinsfolke But Cicero hath accused and finding fault at their death instead of such honor as hath ben wont to be giuen to such executers he wil haue Antony exclaymed an enimy How Antonies army was disordered how they disâ—ayned hym it is enâ—deÌ„t by the two legions y are fled froÌ„ him whoÌ„ you coÌ„manded to serue vnder him â— they contrary to y law of souldiers haue not fled froÌ„ him to you
rouffes and chunmes or sat close with deepe silence vnder heapes of tyles some were as muche afrayde of their wiues or children that bare them no good will as they were of the killers some of their frée made me some of their bondmeÌ„ some creditours of their debtours some of their neyghbours coueting their groundes what souer had bin kept in before theÌ„ it burst forth a cruell and confused mutation of Senators of Consuls of Pretours of Tribunes of newe elect to those ostices or of them that had borne office It was to sée them fal at a slaues féete with teares namyng him sauiour and good maister and more pitifull it was that when they hadde done all this they could get no grace there was all shapes of miserie not as in sedition or sacking of a Cittie where men myghte feare their foes and enimies and trust their families but here they were more afrayde of them than of the killers The whiche beyng voyde of feare otherwise than in tumulte and warre they sodainelye of friendes were made enimies eyther for hydden hate or for the proclaymed rewards or for the gold and siluer in their houses for by thys occasion euerye man waxed extremely vnfaythful to his maister and their reward did ouerwhelme naturall dewty toward the same and he that was faythfull and wel willing was afrayde to help to hyde or conceale for the crueltie of the punishment The former feare of the seuentéene men did amaze them againe for then non being named but many sodaynly taken all were afrayde of the like and therefore sought togither for defence For vpon these proscriptions some were by and by giuen in pray to euery man and some being sure of themselues and desirous of the gaine hunted out the other to haue reward of the killers The reste of the common sorte some spoyled the houses of them that were killed which profit drew their minds from common féeling of present mischief some more temperate and mylde were astonished and amazed It séemed wonderful to them to consider that other â—â—ttâ—es being â—â—done by sâ—dâ—â—iâ—â— haue bin preserued againe by agreement Thiâ— Câ—â—tieâ—â— theâ—â—uision of the rulers hadde consumed and their agréement broughte it to desolation some dyed resisting the killers some withoute reuenge as not knowing by whome they were maimed There were some that killed themselues with voluntarie hunger some vsed halters some drowned their bodies some threwe themselues downe from the house toâ—â—â— some leapt into the fyre some offered themselues to the strykers some tarryed when they were called some hid and disgrated themselues vnséemelye some resisted the euill and thoughte to haue boughte it out some besyde the sentence of the thrée men of ignorance or deceit were dispatched as it did appeare by one that was slaine and not condemned when the head was shewen The condemned persons heads were brought before the seats in the common place that they that had brought them might receiue their goods On the other syde there was as much care and vertue bothe of women children brethren and seruauntes sauing and shifting for many and dying with them if they could not bring to passe what they ment and some killed that came to kill them Oh them that fledde some were drowned in the Sea Fortime being in all againste them some beyonde all hope retourned to offices in the Cittie to be Capitaines in warre and triumphes â–ª Suche demonstration made that season of things to be wondred at And these were done not in a priuate Citie nor in a weake and little kingdome but in the moste mightye and the Ladye of so manye nations bothe by lande and sea God himselfe did stirre it to bring it to that good order that nowe it is in There were suche thinges done of Sylla and before him of Marius the chiefe of the which I haue shewed in their liues and then men laye vnburyed But these doings for the worthynesse of these thrée men especiallye for the vertue and fortune of one of them whiche brought the Empire to a sure scate and left a stockâ— and name to them that now remaine after him a man may worthily think to be far of more importance which as they were more or lesse notable and be more fresh in memorie and lately done I wil declare yet not al for they be not worthy the telling â–ª that touche the simple death fléeing of them that were pardoned of the thrée men whiche after they retourned liued a life vnknowne but the moste maruellous that may make a manâ—frayd and cause credite to that is spoken before They bée manye and manye of the Romaines haue in many bookes written these of themselues of the which I wil shew briefely a fewe of the greateste in euerye sorte for the reliefe of the same and for the happynesse of the tyme that now is The euil began at the firste brunte â–ª of them that were yet in office And 〈◊〉 the Tribune was the firste that was kylled whose power was sacred and sure by lawe excéeding the reste so as the Tribunes haue committed some Consuls to prison This was the Tribune that fyrste forbadde that Antony shoulde be declared an ennimye after the whiche tyme hée stucke altogither to Cicero Understanding the intelligence of the thrée men and theyr approche to the Cittie hée made a feaste to his friendes as one that shoulde not ofte so doe againe The Souldioures running into the house they arose with feare and trouble The Capitaine of the bande commaunded them to be quiet and still but Saluius as he sate he tooke by the heare till he mighte dispatch hym and vppon the table cutte off hys heade and commaunded them within to make no businesse leaste if anye trouble were raysed they shoulde suffer the lyke and they béeyng astonished remained after the Captaine was gone til midnight with the Tribunes Coryse The seconde that was kylled was Minutius a Pretor setting in iudgement in the common place Understandyng that the Souldioures were commyng hée leapte downe and thinking where be mighte hide hymselfe hée chaunged hys garment and ranne into a shoppe sending awaye hys seruauntes and hys shewes of office They for reuerence and pitie tarying stil agaynst their wil made the killers the â—â—â—â—er to finde their mayster â–ª Annalis an other Pretor goyng about with his Sonne that labored to be a treasurer to few to them that gaue voyces hys friendes that were with hym and they that bare the maces of his office vnderstandyng he was condemned forsoke hym â–ª Hée fledde vnto a tenaunt of hys whiche had a straight and a homely house in the Suburbs for all purposes very fifte and was hid safe till hys Sonne that thought he was fled thyther brought the strykers to the house and was rewarded of the thrée menne with his Fathers goods and chosen a Chamberlayne of the Citie who beyng after very dronke and troubling the Souldiors the same killed him that dispatched his Father Choranius not
put them in daunger of choking with that which being yet troubled the soldiours were in desperatiō But Cornificius cōforted them tolde thē there was a well at hand so they put backe those rude people till they came to the well which they found possessed with other enimies of like sort Then they were vtterly out of hope For they saw an army cōming and could not tell whether it was fréend or foe but it was Zaronius whom when they that kept the well saw they fled fearing to be interclosed Whereat the weary soldiours made great ioy with shoutes cryes which Laronius answered They runne on heapes to the wel Their Captayne 's forbidding thé to drinke too hastily they that would not folow that coūsel died presently Thus beyonde all hope Cornificius broughte his army safe to Myla to Agrippa who had taken Tyndarida furnished wyth all things necessary and fitte for the warre by Sea whither Caesar sent both footemen and Horse He had in Sicelie one and twenty Legions twenty thousande horsemen and aboue fiue thousande light Horse Pompey held yet with garrisons Mylas Nauloco and Peloro and all the Sea coast who being afrayde of Agrippa kept continuall fyres to vse against the Ships He kept the mouthes of Taurominio and Myla and shutte the pathes of Mountaynes with walles He also molested Caesar beyōd Tyndarida who would not yet fight and supposing that Agrippa would arriue he went with speede to Peloro leauing the streightes of Myla whiche Caesar forthwith did take with a little towne called Dianio notable by the tale of the goodly Oxen which were taken away when Vlysses slept When the noyce of Agrippa his comming was ceassed and that Pompey heard the streightes of Myla were possessed hée called for Tifieno with his army Caesar going to encounter wyth him missed his way in the nighte in the hill of Myconio where he lay without a tent And whereas the rayne was very greate as is wont in Autumne he stoode all night vnder a French target the Souldyoures holding it ouer him The horrible and fearefull sounds of the hill Mongibello were heard and the flashing of fire was séene and y sauoure of y brimstone was felt in so much as the Germanes lept out for feare and thought it no tale that they had heard of that hyll After this he wasted the Countrey of Palesteno where he mette with Lepidus taking vp corne and they both layde séege to Messana Many skirmishes there were but no great battell Then Caesar sente Taurus to kéepe victuall from Pompey and take the Cities that remained for hym by the which difficultie being driuen to his tryal he determined to aduenture all at one fight And bycause he thoughte himselfe too weake by land he sent his Herald to require the fighte by Sea. And albeit Caesar had no good will to match by sea hauing hitherto had euill lucke yet thinking it dishonorable to refuse him he appoynted a day to the fighte with thrée hundred shippes on a side furnished with all weapons and defence that they coulde deuice Agrippa inuented a graple that is a raster of fiue cubites long layd ouer with yron hauing a cricle or ring in eyther ende and in the one a crooked hooke of yron and in the other many ropes which drew the hooke by gynnes when it was cast with a sling agaynst the enimies Shyppes When the day was come the first onset was of the small vessels not withoute escries throwing dartes and stones and shotte fyred as well by hand as by engine The ships rushed one against another some on the sides some on the sterne and other on the Poupe thereby the Souldyoures were shaken and the vessels broken Some vsed their shotte and dartes a farre off and there were little boates to take vp all that fell in the water The Souldyoures and the Marriners contended who should do best The exhorting of the Captaynes did good and the engines did help most of all the graple whiche reached the small Ships a farre off for the lightnesse and held them fast drawyng them by the ropes neyther coulde it be cutte off bycause it was couered with yron nor the ropes be touched bycause of theyr length Neyther was this engine knowen that they might haue armed their weapons with yron They rowed on the suddaine thrusting their Ships on the sterne to get aloose When the enimies did so then was the force of mē equal but when the graple came it was a thing by it selfe The Ships fought ioyned togither and leaping out of one into another and scarcely coulde the one be knowne from the other Their armour and weapōs was alike their shape was all one Their priuie token was vnderstood to both which was cause of muche deceyt and after of confusion for they distrusted their owne for feare to be deceyued and so did not know what they might do In the meane time the hurt was great the sea was full as well of men as of armoure and rumes of the broken and crushed vessels For after they came to fyghte at hande they threw no more fire Both the armyes of footemen stoode vppon the shore wyth doubtfull mynde whyther the victory woulde encline for in a multitude of syxe hundred Shyppes they coulde not discerne béeyng all alyke excepte it were the couloure of theyr toppes wherein they onely differed and onely they coniectured by the markes they hadde and by the noyses and voyces howe the matter went But when Agrippa vnderstoode that Pompey had the worse hée exhorted hys Souldyoures to stande to it that they myghte obteyne the victory whyche was in theyr handes and so they dyd wyth suche furie and violence as the enimie fledde and ranne themselues a ground where they were eyther taken or burned whiche when they that kepte the Sea dyd see they yeelded Then the Nauie of Caesar sang the song of victory the whych the footemen on the shore aunswered with no lesse gladnesse but Pompey perceyuing the ouerthrowe fledde to Messina not remembring his forces of footemen the which by and by yéelded to Caesar and shortly after the Horsemenne did the lyke The whyche when Pompey hearde he commaunded to put all things into the seauentéene Shyppes that were lefte and leauing the habite of a Generall woulde flée to Antony whose mother hée hadde saued in lyke daunger And that he myghte bée the better welcome he sente to Plennius to bring the eyght legions that hée had at Lelisbeo whyche he woulde leade wyth hym But when he perceyued that his friends and Souldyoures did continually yéelde to Caesar and that the enimie was entred the narrow sea although he was in a strong and well furnished Citie yet hée would not tarrie for Plennius but fledde wyth hys seauentéene shippes After he was gone Plennius came to Messina and kept that Citie This was the end of this last fighte by sea in the
a yong man of the Citie of Asculi was deliuered to an other citie as pledge he did vtter it to Seruilius the President of that prouince for at that time it should séeme that the Romaines had presidents in diuers partes of Italy whiche manner Hadriane when he was Emperoure desired to renue but it coÌ„tinued not loÌ„g after his time Seruilius came in great anger to Asculi at a feast and sharply rebuked them wherevpon they killed him bycause they were discouered by hym They killed also Fonteius that was his legate They had the name of Legates among the Romaines that were sent in commission to the Presidents of the Countrey After these two were slayne there was as little courtesie shewed to the rest of the Romaines for they were al killed and their goodes set to spoyle The conspiracie being now opened all the neighboures about Asculi wente to armes The Marsians the Malinians the Vestinians the Marucians and beside them the Picentines the Ferentines the Husians the Pompeyans the Venusians the lapigianes and the Samnites whiche people before had euer bin enimies and hurtfull to the Ramaines All other nations from the floud Lario which floweth as I take it at Linterno to the Gulfe of Ionia did send theyr Embassadors to the Romaines complayning that where the Senate had vsed their seruice and trauell alwayes in getting theyr great Empire they made no regard of it nor for all their paines thought them worthy to be partaker of their Citie To whome the Senate sharply answered that if they repented theyr former doings they shoulde send Embassadors if not they shoulde sende none They as men desperate prepared for the warre and made a common army of all the Cities one of footemen and an other of Horsemen to the number of one hundred thousande The Romaines made power as greate againste them partly of their owne and partlye of the Confederate Cities that yet remayned in league Sextus Iulius Caesar and Publius Rutilius Lupus then Consulles were leaders both as in a warre at hande and daungerous The rest remayned at home to defende the gates and the walles and bycause mens mindes were enâ—angâ—ed thys waye and that waye by reason of the newe lawe they appoynted assistantes to the Consulles whome they called Legates menne of the best â—orte To Rutilius was ioyned Cneus Pompeyus father to Pompey that was surnamed Greateâ— Quintus Capiâ— Caâ—â—s Perpenna and Valerius Messala To Sextus Caesar P. Lentulus brother of the sayde Caesar Titus Didius Licinius Crassus and Cornelius Sylla And beside these Marcus Marcellus These many appoynted to the Consuls serued as Lieutenantes in seuerall places and the Consuls wente ouer all to whome and to the other the Romaines sente euer newe supplyes as in a trouble of greate danger The Italians hadde theyr Captaynes out of euerye Citie besyde the whyche as in a generall cause these were the Generalles T. Afranius C. Ponâ—ilius Marius Ignatius Quintus Pompedius C. Papius M. Lampronius C. Iudacilius Hirius Asinius and Vetius Cato These deuidyng theyr armyes togyther wente agaynste the Romayne Captaynes many tymes with the aduantage and many tymes wyth the losse the chiefe of both the whyche brieflie to declare were these Vetius Cato putte to flighte Sextus Iulius kylied two thousande of hys menne and droue him to Asâ—rniâ— a Citie of the Romayne deuotion where standyng to theyr defence L. Scipio and L. Acilius in slaues apparell fledde awaye and the enimies wyth tyme and hunger consumed them Marius Ignatius tooke Venafro by treason and kylled two companies of the Romaines P. Presenteius dyd ouerthrowe Perpenna a leader of tenne thousande kylled foure thousande and tooke the armoure from the moste parte of the rest Wherefore Ratilius the Consull discharged Perpenna of hys leading and commytted the remnaunte of the Armye to C. Marius M. Lamponius slewe eyghte hundred of them that were with Licinius Crassus and chased the other to the Citie of Grumentâ— C. Papius gâ—tâ— Nola by treacherie and made Proclamation to two thousande Romaines that were there to come and serue whyche they dyd and hée accepted them but the Captaynes that refused to obey hys Proclamation hée tooke and famished them to deathe He waâ—â—e also Castabuli Minturnio and Salerno that were habitations of Rome and caused all the prisoners and Captyues to serue in hys Campe. He burned all aboute the compasse of Nuceria whyche caused the nexte Cities to yéelde for feare Hée requyryng an armye of them they sente hym tenne thousande menne and one thousande Horse wyth the whyche hée beséeged Acerre â–ª Sextus Caesar wyth tenne thousande Frenche footemen and manye Numidian Horsemenne approched to Acerre Papius broughte out of Venusio Oxintha sonne to Iugurthe sometyme Kyng of Numidia where hée was kepte of the Romaines and claddyng hym wyth Purple shewed hym manye tymes to the Numidianes that were wyth Caesar of the whyche manye fledde thycke vnto hym as to theyr kyng Wherefore Caesar sente awaye the rest as suspected into theyr Countrey after the whiche Papius came vppon hym wyth contempte and bette downe parte of hys trenche Hée sente hys Horsemenne aboute whyche kylled syxe thousande of Papius Souldyoures whiche done Caesar remoued the Campe from Acerre To Iudacilius in Iapigia the Canusians Venusians and manye other Cyties dyd yeelde some that woulde not hée ouercâ—me and as manye noble menne of the Romaynes as he founde hée slewe the Commons and the slaues hée vsed in hys 〈◊〉 Rutilius the Consull and C. Marius made Brydges not farre asunder to passe ouer the Riuer of Liris Vetius Cato camped nigh the bridge of Marius and layde an ambushe ouer agaynste the Consuls bridge In the morning he suffered him to passe ouer and set vpon him with that sleyght and many of his people he killed on the lande many also he drowned in the flaud The Consull in this conflict was hurt in the head and dyed shortlye after Marius being at the other bridge and perceyuing y chance by the bodyes that were brought by the streame passed the floud with great speede and set vppon Catos Camp kept off a few and made him lodge the nighte where he had wonne the day from whence for lacke of victuall he was compelled to depart Futilius corpse and many other Gentlemen being sent to Rome to be burned it was an heauie sight to sée the Consull and so many other destroyed and cause of many daies mourning wherefore the Senate decréede that they that dyed in the warre should be buryed there least the other by the sight should be made afraide to goe to the fielde No successor was made to Rutilius that yeare bycause Sextus Caesar had no leysure to goe to the election but hys host the Senate appointed Caius Marius and Q. Caepio to rule Q. Pompedius lying against Caepio fledde as a ruÌ„nagate and brought two slaues as pledges cladde in purple as his sonnes and to haue the more credite
one houre and in the meane tyme sette Ladders to the walles whyche were made of woodde and at the ende of the houre sette them on fyre They béeyng afrayde yéelded yet he spoyled it bycause they yéelded not of good will but of necessitie Other that yéelded he receyued till he had subdued all the Hirpian nation Then he wente againste the Samnites not that way which Mutâ—luâ— their Captaine kepte but an other vnknowen by a compasse and came vppon them suddainely and killed many of them and the other ranne hither and thither and Mutilus was hurt and with a few fledde to Asernia Sylla went against the Brianes where the common counsell of the factions were kept This Citie had thrée fortresses and whyles the Brianes came wholly against Sylla he sente aboute certayne whome he willed to take any of the fortresses that they coulde and to signifye it by a smoke whiche being done he gaue a hote assault on the front thrée houres togither and gote the Towne These things that Sommer were happily done of Sylla and toward winter he went to Rome to stand for the Consulship C. Pompeius subdued the Marsians Marusians and the Venusians C. Cossonius a Lieutenant did burne Salapia and tooke Canue By the comming of the Samnites with whome he fought valiantly till many dyed on both sides He was fayne to leaue the séege of Canutiâ— and goe to Canue Trebatius the Captayne of the Samnites sente vnto Cossonius that eyther he should come ouer the riuer that deuided their armies to fight or goe backe that he might come to him he weÌ„t backe and when Trebatius was comming ouer Cossonius set vppon him and had the better in the fight and as he woulde haue fledde ouer againe he killed fiftéene thousande of Trebatius men who with them that were left fledde to Canusio Cossonius hauing spoyled the landes of the Larineans Venutians and Asculans inuaded the Podiceans whome he wanne in two dayes Cecilius Metellus became his successor to his army who went against the Iapigians and ouerthrew them by battayle in the which Pompedius one of the Generalles of the reuolted people was killed the rest fled by heapes to Caecilius This was the sharpe contention in Italy called the fellowes warre till all the same were receyued into the ciuilitie of Rome Except the Lucanes and Samnites the whyche as it should séeme were after receyued also and were appointed to their seuerall companies as the former least beyng ioyned with the olde they should being more in number haue the vpper hand in elections Now beganne the Usurers to contende one against an other in the Citie bycause some had bought debtes with the interest beyng forbidden to take vsurie vpon vsuries by an olde law and a payne appoynted to him that so woulde vse his vsuries It should seeme that the olde Romaines detested vsurie as muche as the Greekes as a matter intollerable to the poore and cause of debate and euill will. The Persians also by like reason did accompte it full of fraude and leasing but vsurie being confirmed by custome and time they required it accordingly The other alleadged cause of delay through war and sedition and some threatned the vsurers with the statute Asellio a Judge to whome that iurisdiction belonged sought to agrée them but coulde not wherefore he gaue them leaue to trie the controuersie by lawe putting the Judges in remembrance as well of the custome as of the law as a thing doubtfull When the Usurers hearde Asellius make mention of the olde law they were gréeued and kylled him after this manner It was his turne to make oblation in the common place to Iupiters children the multitude standing about the sacrifice one of the former threw a stone at him and hit him wherefore he flong downe the vessell of sacrifice and ranne toward the Temple of Vesta where being preuented and excluded be fledde into a shoppe and there they slew him Many that went after him thinking he had bin fledde among the Virgines ranne into places where it was not lawfull for men to come Thus Asellio a Judge sacrificing and cladde with an holy vesture of golde as in such solemnities is wont was killed the second houre among the Temples in the miost of the common place The Senate made Proclamation that who so euer woulde bewray the killer if he were a fréemaÌ„ he should haue siluer if he were bond he shoulde haue fréedome if he were priuie to it he shoulde haue pardon but no maÌ„ would do it for the Usurers kept it secrete These murthers and ciuill dissentions hapned yet now and then but afterward Captaynes of sedition with great armies contended togither by law of warre their Countrey staÌ„ding as a pray to them that could catch it the beginning procéeding whereof after the followes warre was this When Mithridates King of Pontus and other nations hadde inuaded Bithinia Phâ—â—gia and Asia confining to the same as I haue shewed in my Booke of that matter it was by lotte assigned to Sylla the Consull béeyng yet in Rome to gouerne the armye in Asia in that warre of Mithridates But Marius who thoughte thys warre woulde be easie to dispatch and very muche worth desirous also of the Generalles roome attempted P. Sulpitius Tribune of the people with manye promises to be hys friende And he putte the newe Citizens of Italy in good hope that were inferioure in elections to be distributed thorough all the Companies not shewing that hée wente aboute any matter of his owne that hée myghte vse them as faithfull ministers in all assayes Sulpitius straightway propounded a law for it which if it had taken place Marius and Sulpitius should haue had their willes in all bycause the new Citizens did so farre excéede the olde which thing the auntients perceiuing did stoutely resist the new and both sides vsed stones and staues in their defence This euill growing still greater and the Consuls fearing the passing of the law that was at haÌ„d did proclayme a vacation for many dayes as in festiuall tymes was wont to be done that some intermission mighte be hadde of this lawe and inconuenience Sulpitius coulde not abyde thys vacation and therefore willed hys faction to come to the common place with weapons hidde and do as should fall out not sparing the very Consuls if néede were Thys done he spake agaynste the vacation as a thing contrarye to the lawe and bad the Consulles Sylla and Q. Pompey forthwyth to reuoke it that he mighte procéede to the approbation of the lawe A tumulte began and they béeyng prepared drewe their daggers and threatned to kyll the Consulles if they spake agaynste them wherefore Pompey secretely fledde and Sylla went asyde as to take aduice But Pompeys sonne béeyng sonne in lawe to Sylla was kylled of Sulpitius faction bycause hée spake somewhat liberally agaynste them Then Sylla returned and reuoked the vacation and
but many moe were wounded Norbanus fledde to Capua Sylla and Metellus being at Theano Lucius Scipio came with an other armye verye faintly and desired peace might be made They that were wyth Sylla sent to Scipio to agrée vpon articles not so much hoping so to do any good as bycause they thought his army woulde rather reuolt by reason of their discouragemeÌ„t yet they met Scipio tooke hostages for the agréemeÌ„ts went came into the field Thrée of eyther side did conferre so as it was not knowen what they dyd Scipio thought good to send Sertorius to Norbanus his felow to signifie what was spoken of both armies remaining in quiet loking for answere Sertorius in his iourney tooke Swessa that was a towne of Syllas Sylla sent a messenger to complaine with Scipio He either priuie to the fact or doubting of the answere as a thing not fitte for Sertorius sent the hostages againe to Sylla His army being offended at this déede of Sertorius in a time of treaty and at the sending againe of the hostages not being required layde al the blame vpon the Consuls priuily coÌ„pacted to reuolt to Sylla if he would draw néere which he doing they al weÌ„t vnto him leauing Scipio the Consull Lucius his sonne in the tente were taken of Sylla Me thinke it is a strange thing farre vnfitte for a Captayne to be ignoraÌ„t of such a practise of his whole army WheÌ„ Sylla could not persuade Scipio he did let him his sonne goe without hurte sent other meÌ„ to Norbanus to treate of conditions eyther bycause he was afraid of the force of Italy y conspired with the Consuls or y he went about to deceiue him as he had done Scipio but no man coÌ„ming with answer bycause it séemeth Norbanus feared the like blame of his army Sylla marched toward him wasting al things as an enimie Norbanus did the like but toke other wayes Carbo made hast to the Citie proclaimed Metellus other that were gone to Sylla Rebels At this time the Capitoll was on fire some say it was Carboes worke or the Consuls some say Sylla sente to do it but the certeÌ„tie is vnknowen I could neuer learne which way it came Sertorius being before choseÌ„ Pretor of Iberia after he had deteined Swessâ— he fled into his prouince and the former Prefors not receiuing him it caused the Romaines to haue much to do The army of y Consuls encreased euery day froÌ„ the more part of Italy from the hither side of France aboute Eridanus the Riuer Sylla was not idle but sente some of his into euery place of Italy He gote many for loue some for feare some for money and some for hope and thus was the rest of that Sommer consumed The yeare folowing Paptrius Carbo agayne and Marius nephew to the mighty Marius being xxvij yeares old were chosen Consuls the Winter the cold continuing long did deuide theÌ„ asunder At the beginning of the Spring about the floud Aesis froÌ„ morning tyl midday was a greate battaile fought betwixt Metellus and Carinna one of Carbos Pretors at the which Carinna losing manye fled away all the Countrey yéelded to Metellus forseâ—ke the Consuls Carbo came vpoÌ„ Metellus beseged him til he heard y Marius the other Consull had a great ouerthrow at Preneste Then he remoued his CaÌ„p toward Arimino y rereward wherof was set on of Pompeius and greately distressed Sylla tooke Settâ— Marius who was lodged nigh him withdrew by little little til he was come to the place called Holy Port there he set his meÌ„ in order and gaue Sylla a battel in y which he fought very fearcely til his left wing began to giue backe of the which fiue baÌ„ds of footemen two of HorsemeÌ„ not loking for any other turne threw downe their ensignes fled to Sylla this was the cause of Marius ruine for after many were slayne y rest fled to Preneste whom Sylla followed in chace The Prenestines did receyue them that came first but when they saw Sylla at hand they shut the gates tooke in Marius with ropes The other about the walles were al slayne taken wherof many being Samnites Sylla coÌ„manded to be killed as antient enimies to the Romaines At this time also the residue of Carbes army was ouercome of Metellus fiue bands whiles they fought reuolting vnto him Pompeius ouerthrewe Marcius at Sena sacked the Citie Sylla hauing Marius shut in Preneste made a treÌ„ch about the Citie a great wall a good way off appointing Lucretius Offella to y charge not otherwise meaning to deale with Marius but with famine Marius not loking for any help would néedes kill his priuate enimies and sent to Brutus the Pretor of y Citie to assemble theÌ„ for another purpose to kil Pub. Ant stius the other Papirius Carbo Lucius Domitius Lucius Sceuola the great Bishop of the Romaines These two were slayne in couÌ„sell as Marius commanded Domitius fléeing was strickeÌ„ at his going out Sceuola was slaine a little before the Senate house Their bodies were cast into the Riuer for now it was out of vse to burie theÌ„ that were killed Sylla sent his army seuerally by diuers wayes to Rome willed theÌ„ to take the gates of the Citie if they were repulsed to retyre to Ostia The Cities receiued theÌ„ as they came with great feare and opened their Gates wheÌ„ they would come in and wheÌ„ they came to the Citie it selfe they opened the Gates for being pined wyth hunger and oppressed with desperation of presente euils they were in vre to suffer the mightier power whiche Sylla when hée knew came forward with his Camp and planted it in the fielde of Mars before the gates and entred All the contrarye faction fléeing out of the Citie their goodes he made common or caused them to be sold by Trumpet He called the people to a Counsell and lamenting the present time badde them be of a good chéere for he woulde set all in quiet and bring the common wealthe to better estate and whatsoeuer he should ordeyne all should be for the best Hauing thus disposed his matters leauing certayne of his friends to garde the Citie he went to Clusio where the remnant of the warre was In the meane time certayne Spanishe Horsemen sente from the Captaynes of Iberia came to the Consuls with whome Sylla making a fight on Horsebacke he kylled fiftie of them at the floud Clanâ—â— and two hundred and 70. fledde vnto him the residue Carbo destroyed eyther hating the suddaine reuolting of that natioÌ„ or fearing the like losse by them At that time with the other part of his armyes Sylla ouercame his enimies about Saturnia and Metellus comming to Rauenna by shippe did winne the region of the Vritanes abundante with grasse and Corne. Certayne other of Syllas people entring Naples
before him like a Proconsull very fondly went to Manlius taking vp souldiours by the way Now was it thought good to Lentulus his coÌ„panions as soone as they heard Cateline to be at Fesule that Lentulus himself Cethegus should beset Ciceros house early in the morning with weapons hid that they being let in bicause of their dignities should speake with him by talke draw him a good way off and when they had him from other coÌ„pany to kil him Then should Lucius Sextius a Tribune by by cal an assemblie by the ordinarie officers accuse Cicero as a maÌ„ feareful troublesome a disturber of the citie when there was no such cause and the night after this Oration of Sextius to set the citie a fire in other .xij. places to spoyle it kil the best me This was y opinioÌ„ of Lentulus Cethegus Statilius Sextius chiefe of y coÌ„spiracie wayted for the time There were embassadours of Sauâ—â— â–ª to coÌ„plain of their gouernours which by Lentulus were admitted to â— conspiracie y they should stirre their couÌ„trie against the Romanes Lâ—â—uâ—us sent Vuiturtius of Croâ—one with theÌ„ to Cateline carying letters without any name The Embassadours being afraide did coÌ„municate with Fabrus Sanga who was their patrone as euery other citie had in Rome Cicero vnderstaÌ„ding this by Sanga appreheded both them Vulturtius as they were goyng away a brought them to the Senate to whom they coÌ„fessed al they had learned of Lentulus and with much â—â—o bewrayed that Cornelius Lentulus had oft sayde y by destâ—â—te â—â— Cornelius should be Monarches of Rome whereof â— were past Cinn Sylla When these things were declared the Senate put Lentulus out of his office Cicero coÌ„mitted euery of the to the houses of the pretors straight returned called ter sentece There was much ado about the counsell house for y truth was not yet knowne â–ª the conspiratours were afraide of themselues The seruaunts fréemade meÌ„ of Lentulus Câ—tâ—â—gus got many artificers with theÌ„ and weÌ„t to the backe sides of the Pretors houses to haue taken away their maisters whiche when Cicero heard he ran out of the counsell house hauing set garde in euery place came againe and hastned the iudgement Syllanus spake first as he that was elected to be Consull next for it was the Romaines maner to haue him speake first that should folow in the Consuls office bicause as I think he should comâ—nly crecute the decrées therby coÌ„sider the more ripely morely of euery of them Syllmus was of opinion y these men should haue extreme punishment and many other consented to his iudgement till Nero muste say his minde who thought it good to kéepe them in prison til Cateline were ouerthrowen and the thing throughly knowne C. Caeser who was not without suspition to be priuie to this coÌ„spiracie with whom Cicero durst not contend bycause he was so accepted to the people added more that Cicero shoulde place them in such Cities of Italie as he thought good til Cateline were dispatched and then to be brought to iudgemente that no eâ—tremitye shoulde be vsed againste so noble men that myghte seeme voyde of cight or reason This sentence seming indistereÌ„t manâ— allowed of it and rashly consented to it til Cato plainely had discouered the suspitioÌ„ against Caesar and Cicero fearing that this night some trouble would folowe that the multitude that were acquainted with the matter and then remayned doubtful in the common place would do mischiefe and for some inconuenience as wel of the one as of the other determined to execute the without iudgement as apparant offenders Cicero brought euery one of them the Senate yet sitting to the coÌ„mon prison and without knowledge of the people put them to death Then he went to theÌ„ that were in the common place and told theÌ„ they haue liued wherat they dispersed with feare were glad to hide theÌ„selues as wel as they could so the citie that at that present was in great feare â–ª receyued a little comfort Cateline had nowe gathered xx M. and armed the fourth part of them was going into 〈◊〉 for more preparation but Antonie the other Consul encountred him in the Alpes and without great ado ouerthrew him as one that suriously had taken so horrible a thing in hand whiche when it came to the triall without order erecuted the sâ—â—ne although neither he nor none other of the nobles that were of that conspiracie would agrée to flée but running among the enimies were slâ—in in the middest of them Thus the rebellion of Cateline which had almost brought the Cittie to vtter destruction was dissolued Cicero y before was only notable for his eloquence nowe also both for worde and deede was extolled and playnly appeared the preseruer of his perishing countrie wherfore thankes were giuen him in the whole assembly and diuerse sholutes of prayse made vnto him wheras Cato thought hym worthy the name of father of the country the people confirmed it with a cry This honorable name being giueÌ„ first to Cicero is nowe attributed also to such Emperors as be worthy For this title is not giueÌ„ to euery king with the rest of his other stile but in tyme with great ado is decreede vnto him as a perfecte 〈◊〉 mony of hys excellent vertue Caesar was chosen Liuetenant for Spaine and of hys cred 〈…〉 was staide in Rome for so much did he owe more than h◠〈◊〉 worth as they report he saide hee had neede of twoo 〈◊〉 and fiue hundred millions to haue nothing yet agreeing 〈◊〉 hys creditours as well as he could he went into Spâ—â—â—e where he did not deale wyth Citie matters or by sessions take order for their causes thinking that nothing serued hys purpose bâ—â— thered men and in tyme subdued all the rest of Spaâ—â—â— til hee had brought it subiect and tributarie to the Romaines He sent muche money to the common treasure of Rome wheresore the Senate graunted him a triumphe he made preparation of a great shew in the suburbs of Rome The tyme of election of newe Consulls was come and he that stode for the office must be present and if he were once entred he could not returne agayne to make triumphs He being very desirous of the Consulship and not yet ready for the triumph sente to the Senate and desired he might aske the office by his friends in his absence although it were against the Lawe But Cato spake againste it so as the lasâ—e day of the election was spent in reasoning Wherefore Caesar set aside the triuÌ„ph and came running to the election desired the office At thys time Pompey was in great power and glory for his victory againste Methridates he required that many things which be had graunted to Kings Princes and other estates might hee confirmed by acte of Parliament The
declared Consul and requested of the Senate a little longer tyme for hys office in Fraunce or at the least for parte of it But Marcellus that was Consull after Pompey was agaynst it the whiche when it was tolde Caesar be layde hys hande vpon the hilte of his sworde as they say and answeared Then thus shall gyue it me Hes buylded newe Como night vnto the Alpes with the priuiledges of Italie whiche is that so many as be officers a yéere shall be Cittizens of Rome whiche was a greate prerogatiue to Italie One of newe Como that had thus borne office and thereby thought to be frée at Rome Marcellus in despight of Caesar did beate with roddes whiche the Romaines doe not suffer formo cause and in rage he bewraying his harte bad him take this token of hospitalitie and goe shewe it to Caesar This spight vsed Marcellus and perswaded to sende successours to his prouinces before the time expyred But Pompey was agaynst that vnder a shewe of conueniencie and beneuolence that it was not méete that so noble a man so many wayes profitable to hys Countrey shoulde be thus maligned for so shorte a tyme and decréed that with tyme Caesar shoulde gyue ouer hys rule After this Caesars chiefe enimies were chosen Consuls Aemilius Paulus and Calidius Marcellus cousin to the former Marcellus Curio an other greate enimie of Caesar was elected Tribune well beloued of the people a great speaker Caesar coulde not winne Claudius for no money but Paulus he made hys friende with an hundered and fiftye talentes that he shoulde neyther doe wyth hym nor against hym it coste him more to win Curio bycause he was so muche in debt Wyth this money Paulus builded a publique place called Paulus Palaice one of the fayre workes of Rome Curio that he shoulde not be discouered by change of the sodaine required the office of making and pauing of many and long high wayes and to be ouerséer of the same fiue yeares togither knowing he should obtaine none of these and trusting that Pompeys friends would speake against him so haue some pretence against PoÌ„pey which things coÌ„ming to passe indéed as he thought he had an occasioÌ„ of offeÌ„ce Claudius propounded to send successours to Caesars prouinces for the time was now at hand Paulus said nothing Curio seeming to disseÌ„t froÌ„ both praised Claudius opinion as agréeing to it said it was meete that Pompey shoulde giue ouer both prouince and armye as well as Caesar for so should the state of the Citie bée cleare and out of feare on bothe sides Many being against this as not right bicause Pompeys time was not yet expired Curio theÌ„ shewed himselfe plainely and sharply that it was not reason to sende successours to Caesar vnlesse Pompey did giue ouer for being suspitious the one of the other the Citie shoulde neuer haue sure peace vnlesse all men were priuate Thus he spake bicause he knewe that Pompey would not leaue his power and bycause he saw them offended with him for hys iudgementes of corruption Thys opinion beyng honest the people praysed Curio as the only man that for the common weale cared for neyther of their displeasure and they brought him home casting floures as vpon a champion of a great and difficult cause For at that tyme nothyng séemed more daungerous than to dissent from Pompey who passing about Italy somewhat sickely subtitlye sente vnto the Senate praysing Caesars actes and rehearsing his owne froÌ„ the beginning and that the thirde Consulshippe being giuen hym and prouinces with an army accordingly he did not séeke it but was called to it beyng thought méete for the redresse of the common wealth and that I quoth he receiued vnwillingly I doe willingly giue ouer to them that will haue it before my time prefixed The manner of this writing wrought a good lyking to Pompey and a misliking to Caesar that woulde not giue ouer when his time was ended When Pompey was come to the Citie he spake as muche in effect and then promised to giue it ouer and as a friend and welwiller to Caesar toke in hand that hée also would leaue with glad mind For now being in yeares and hauing taken greate paines in the armies againste most fierce nations and wonne great honor to his Countrey he would séeke rest with the offices and sacrifices of the Citie Thus he spake that successours might be straight sent to Caesar and he standing vpon his promise only But Curio correcting his sutteltie sayd it was not ynough to promise but to giue ouer in déede nor that Caesar shoulde be put from his armye before he were in priuate state neyther shoulde it be commodious for him to mainteyne priuate eâ—mitie neyther for the Romaines that suche a power shoulde be with one rather than with the other that if eyther of them woulde hurt the Citie the other shoulde haue to resist and nowe holding in no longer he openly reprooued Pompey as a séeker of tyrannie and if it were not nowe that he gaue ouer hys army for feare of Caesar he would not giue it ouer at all therfore he thought good that if they disobeyed they should both be declared enimies and an army gathered against them by this talke be couered that he was corrupted by Caesar Pompey being gréeued and threatning went angerly away into the suburbes The Senate now had them both suspected but thought Pompey the more tractable Caesar they misliked bycause of their suspition in his Consulship and therefore did not thinke it safe to dissolue Pompeys power vnlesse Caesar did resigne being abroade and of a more aspiring mind but Curio was against it and that it was expedient that after Pompey Caesar also should giue ouer all which when he could not obteyne he brake vp the counsell leauyng all vnperfite for so might a Tribune do Wherfore Pompey repented him that he had restored the Tribuneship to the auntient power which Sylla had made very sleÌ„der Only this was decréed at their departure that Caesar and Pompey shoulde be sente into Siria to â—â—â—â—e the Countrey bycause of Crossâ—â— misfortune And Pompey vâ—â—â—â— policie required his legion againe that he had lente Caesar â—â—â—â—r the loâ—se of 〈…〉 and Câ—tta hys Captaynes 〈…〉 gaue euery man two hundred Drammes and sent them to 〈…〉 and with them sente another of hys owne but beeyng vnderstanded y there was no danger in Syria they went to winter at Capua They that were sente of Pompey for them to Caesar tolde many hard tales againste Caesar and made Pompey beléeue that Caesars army being wasted with wéerâ—nesse and long payne was desirous to come home and when they were come on thys syde the Alpes they would reuolte to Pompey Thus they talked eyther of ignorance or being corrupted but euery man was sure to Caesar in promptnesse and painefulnesse both for the continuance of seruice for the gaynes that
therfore they counselled him to go to Egipt a nation nygh of great dominion fertyl and aboundant of grayne money and nauye whose kings though they were children yet friends to him for his fathers sake and so for this cause he sayled into Egipt At this time Cleopatra being eiected out of the kingdome by hir brother with whom she shoulde ioyntly haue raigned prepared an army in Syria againste him Ptolomeus Cleopatras brother was at a place in Egipt called Cassium and did lye in campe to resist his sisters forces and as fortune wold Pompey was driueÌ„ thither When he perceiued an army aland he stayed his ship and thought as it was in déede that the king was there hée sent vnto him to shewe of the amity betwéene hys father and him The king was thirtéene yeare olde one Achillas did gouerne his army and Photinus and Cnuch was his Treasurer They beganne to consulte what was beste to be done wyth Pompey There wasâ—also Theodotus of Samos an Drator and Scholemaâ—ster to the king who dyd perswade the wicked acte to deceyue and kyâ— Pompey to gratifye Caesar This counsel preuayled they sent a simple boate as though the roughnesse of y Sea would not suffer a greater Some of the kings seruauntes wente into the beate and with them Semprouius a Romayne who had serued vnder Pompey and was nowe wyth the kyng He offered his hande in the kings name to Pompey and wylled hym to come as to his son and friende As this was done the army was set in order and drewe neare the sea as to honoure Pompey and the king was set in the midst in a purple vesture to be séene of all Pompey suspected all both the ordering of the army and the meanes of the vessel chiefly bycause the king came not toward him nor sent any of his noble men he spake a verse of Sophâ—cles VVho to a Tiranne goes His slaue he is though free he rose And then he entred that boate Euery man being silent in y passage he rather suspected and chiefly Sempronius eyther bycause he knew him to be a Romaine and hauing serued vnder hym or bycause he did coniecture it séeing him only staÌ„ding according to souldiours discipline who doe not set when the chiefe is by Then he turned to him and sayd surely I should know thée O Souldier He nodded at hym agayn and as he turned was the first that stroke him then the other His wife and friends séeing this a farre off cried and held vp their handes to the gods reuengers of friendshippe broken and sayled away streyght as from enimies lande They that were about Photino cut of Pompeis heade and kept it for Caesar as a great gratification but he worthily reuenged this wicked déed vpon them The rest of his body was buryed at the sea bancke and a silly Sepulchre was made to the which one wrote this Epitaph Lo here he lyeth in simple graue A Temple that deservde to haue In processe of tyme the graue was couered with sand and certaine Images of Brasse which the inhabitants did afterwarde set vp to Pompey vnder the Hil Cassius were taken away and layde vppe in a secrete place of a Temple In my tyme Adrianus the Romaine Emperour in hys iourney that way did cause it to be sought and found out and made the graue to be amended so as euery man might see it and erected the Images that were dedicated to Pompey This was the end of Pompey by whom so many great battayles had bene fought and the Romaine Empire so increased as he had the surname of Great neuer being ouercome before but from his youth still inuincible and happy and froÌ„ thrée and twenty to eight and fiftie yeares he ruled like a king but in opinion supposed to gouerne like a populare man for the emulation of Caesar Lucius Scipio Pompeis father in Lawe and all the other noble men that did escape the battayle fledde to Cato to Corcyra who was generall of another army and thrée hundred Gallies being left there as a prudent Counsellour The noblest of Pompeis friendes deuided the Nauye Cassius sayled to Pontus to Pharnaces to stirre him against Caesar Scipio and Cato wente into Libya trusting vppon Varus and his army and Iuba king of Numidia his confederate Pompey Pompeis eldest sonne and Labienus wyth him and Scapula hauing a part wente into Spaine to make it against Caesar and they got him another army of Iberians and Celtiberians and slaues to haue the preparation greater so mighty a power of Pompeis army was yet left which he by his infelicitie did abandon when he fled away â–ª They that were in Lybia did chose Cato for the general Captaine who for y presence of suche men as had bene Consuls and others that had bene Lieuetenaunts and he only a Pretor in Rome refused the same So L. Scipio was made general and a great army was gathered and trayned and these were the chiefest preparations in Libya and Iberia gathered against Caesar After the victorie Caesar aboade two dayes in Pharsalo sacrificing and recreatyng hys wearye armye and there made the Thessalians frée that had serued him and pardoned the Athenians at their sute vsing these wordes Howe often hath the glorie of your auncestours saued you wheÌ„ you haue deserued destruction The third day he remoued towarde the East following the fame of Pompeis flighte and for wante of Gallies sayled ouer Hellespont in little boates Cassius with his number of Gallies met him as he was going to Pharnaces and although he might with his Gallies haue had the aduantage of those little boates yet for feare of Caesars felicitie and valiantnesse he was amazed and suspecting that Caesar had come of purpose to finde him he helde vp his handes and came from his Gallies into the boates to aske hym pardoÌ„ and deliuer him all his Gallies So much force had the glorye of Caesars felicitie for I sée none other reason nor can iudge any other meane in so great difficultie of time to haue such fortune that he should so afray Cassius a valiaunt man comming vppon him with scauentâ—e Gallies vtterly vnprouided that he durste not medle with him For as cowardly as he did now yéeld vnto him vpoÌ„ the Sea so after did he as cruelly kyl him wheÌ„ he was Lord of all at Rome Wherefore it is euident that he was then ouerborne with the feare of his felicitie Caesar thus being saued against all hope and past Hellespont he pardoned the Ionians Aetolians and other nations that inhabite greate Cherroneso which by one name is called Asia y lower He forgaue them that sent embassadours to craue it Understanding that Pompey was gone to Egipt he went to the Rhodes where he would not tarry for the reste of his armye that was comming to him by parts but with the Gallies of Cassius and the Rhodes and such men as he presently hadde he
Citie and of Antony the Consull leaste he would vse the people only leauing the Senate and worke them some displeasure being thus bestad they wente to the Capitoll with the swordeplayers where consulting what was best to be done it seemed good to giue a largesse to the people hoping that if some beganne to prayse their act the other wold folow for loue of liberty and the desire of common wealth for they thoughte y people of Rome to be as sincere now as they had heard it was when olde Brutus expelled the Kings not vnderstanding that they loked for two things contrarye in themselues that they that loue libertie and would be corrupted should be profitable to them at this present wherof the one was more easie to be had as in a state for the most part corrupted for now the people was mirt with strangers a libertyne was equal with a Citizen the fashion of a seruant like to the maisters for y Senate ercept the rest was indiffereÌ„t to the seruantes Further y distribution of corne which was vsed only in Rome to be giuen to y poore had brought that idle néedie vacabonds of Italy to Rome Again a nuÌ„ber of olde worne souldiers out of wages were not deuided into their couÌ„tries as they wer wont seuerally bicause some had serued in vniust wars but would go into coÌ„mon habitations take other mens land houses remayning togither in teÌ„ples coÌ„mon places vnder one baÌ„ner one chiefe that might apoint theÌ„ a prouince selling away their own to be the more redy to go they were sone bought for reward Therfore it was not hard for Cassius to gather a nuÌ„ber of such men bring them into the coÌ„mon place albeit they were hired yet durst they not prayse that was done for feare of Caesars glory others deuotion but for the coÌ„mon welth sake they cried for peace earnestly exhorted the rulers vnto it for thys was the deuise of the kyllers to worke theyr owne safetye And there coulde bée no peace vnlesse there were a forgetting standyng in these termes Cynna a Pretor and a kinsemanne by maryage to Caesar beyonde all opinion came among them hauing on hys vesture of office which he threw of as giuen him of a Tiran and called Caesar the Tiranne and them that kylled hym killers of a Tiranne and praysed the facte as moste like to their progenitours and that those men were to be called from the Capitoll and to be honoured with dew rewardes This Cinna sayde but they séeing the vncorrupted people was not myxte wyth them did not call them from the Capitol nor did anye thing else but onely exhorted to peace Then Dolabella a yong man and a noble appointed to be Consull after Caesar had ben gone for the reste of the yeare hauing on the garment of a Consul and the Maces of his office was the second that spake euill and pretended he was priuie to the deuise and only sorte that his hand was not at the doing of it and as some saye hee decréed that that daye shoulde be honoured as the byrth day of the Citie Then the hyred men toke harte when they saw both a Pretor and a Consul to forgiue them they called Cassius and the rest out of the Temple who were glad of Dolabella a yong noble man a Consul being most méete to match with Antony only there came downe Cassius and Marcus Brutus with his bloudy hand for they had striueÌ„ who should giue Caesâ—r moste woundes and when they were amiddest the people they spake nothing humbly but as in noble and euident things one praysed another calling the Citie now blessed attributing muche to Decimus that in so fitte a time bad serued them with swordplayers Then they stirred the people that they woulde do things worthy their auncestours whiche had expelled kings not reigning by violence as Caesar did but being chosen lawfully they also propouÌ„ded that Sextus Pompey sonne to Pompey the greate that hadde made warre agaynste Caesar for the common wealth myght be called home beyng yet in armes in Spayne againste Caesars Captaines and lykewyse Câ—setius and Marulâ—â—s that were depriued and banished by Caesar being Tribunes of the people When they hadde thus sayde they wente vppe againe to the Capitoll for they dyd not truste verye muche in that multitude Then their friendes and kinsfolke might repaire vnto them into the Temple of whom they chose the most auntient to send to Lepidus and Antony for reconciliation and regarde of libertie and to saue the Countrey from the euils that might growe vnlesse they be foreseene This much did the messengers require not praysing the thing that was done for they durst not to Caesars friends but desired to haue it borne with for the worthynesse of the doers not for hate to him but for the loue of their countrey and pitie of the Citie nowe consumed with continuall sedition of whiche one more would vtterly destroy all good men of the same and that it was not right that for any hate amongst a few they shoulde worke the publike destruction but rather that for publike commodities priuate enmities mighte be wiped away Antonius and Lepidus as I sayde minded to reuenge Caesars deathe eyther for friendships sake or for a practise betwéene them or for desire of rule and thynkyng all things would be the easier to them if such notable men might be ridde out of the way yet they feared their friendes and theyr kinsfolkes and the Senate that enclined to them and most of all Decimus whome Caesar hadde appoynted to gouerne France theyr neyghboure whereby he hadde a mighty armye Therfore they thought it best to tarry for a better occasion and deuise to gette Decimus army that was so valiant and expert with laboures neuer left Hauing this fetch Antony thus aunswered the messengers For priuate displeasure we will worke nothing but for offence and matter wherein we are all sworne to Caesar to bée kéepers of his body and defend it against violence it is requisite by our oth to follow the fact that is done and the rather to lyue with a few pure than all to be in daunger of those execrations yet for their honor that be of that opinion we will debate with you in the Senate house and take the way for the Citie that by common consent shall séeme good Thus Antony aunswered safelye They gaue thankes and departed with sure hope that al should haue gone well and that the Senate woulde haue fauoured their cause throughly â–ª Antony in the meane time caused the officers to make watche for the Citie all nighte and by turne to kéepe their seates as was wante in the daye and to haue fires ouer all the Citie by meane whereof the friends of the offendoures went to euery Senatoures house and requested them for themselues and for the Countreys common wealth There ranne abroade also the Captaynes of suche
more made request for peace to whom he thus sayd Of that we will consider as shall be fitte to be and what it is that it may auayle but the suretie of it is hard to be found since neyther oth nor execration could profit Caesar and to them that called for reuenge he turned and commended them as more carefull of their othes and honestie I would be quoth he youre Captayne and crye as you do but that I am a Consul to whome belongeth rather to speake for profite than for iustice for so doe they within persuade vs and so Caesar himselfe for the profite of the Citie sparing them that he hadde taken in warre was of the same destroyed Thus wrought Antony artificially they that thoughte the fact to be punished required Lepidus that he would punishe it Lepidus intending to speake they that stoode farre off prayed hym to goe into the common place that all might heare him indifferently He wente straight forth with opinion that the peoples minds were new turned and when he was come to the place of spéech he lamented wéeping and thus sayd Heere I was yesterday with Caesar and now am I héere to enquire of Caesars deathe what will you haue done many cryed that they should reuenge Caesar The hyred men cryed for peace in the Citie to whome hée sayd we will so but what peace speake you of with what othes can it be sure for all our Countrey othes we haâ—e sworne to Caesar and we that are compted the least of them that did sweare haue troden all vnder the foote Then he turned to them that cryed for reuenge â–ª Caesar sayd he is gone from vs an holy and honored man in déede and we be afrayd to hurte the Citie and them that be left This do the Senate treate of and manye thinkes it good then they cryed that he alone should take it in hand I wyll sayd he for it is a iust oth to me alone but it is not ynough that I and you alone doe will it or that we alone can fulfill it â—andling the matter thus craftâ—ly the hyred men knowing that he was ambitioue praysed him and exhorted him to take the office of Caesars Priesthode of the which he being very glad sayde You shall remember me of this héereafter if I shall be worthy of it They that were hired were the more instant for peace bycause of the liberall spéech of the Priesthoode Then sayde he although it be vniust and wicked yet will I doe it bycause you will me This said he returned into the Senate house where Dolabella all that time had bin importune for the continuance of his office Antony gathering the peoples humor looked ouer hym wyth a smiling countenance and finding them to dissent among themselues and the people to doe nothing earnestly hauing beholden all sufficiently he determined to saue the meÌ„ hiding one necessitie with another that both they shuld be saued by especial grace and that Caesars actes should be coÌ„firmed by decrée the Senates orders take effect therfore silence being coÌ„manded he sayd thus Of the Citizens offendoures you men of equall honor in this your consultation I haue sayd nothing but to them that contrarywise desired a tryall of Caesar I put forthe onely one of his decrées which hath not withoute cause kept you in contention tyll this time for if we doe refuse those offices we shall confesse so many worthy men vnworthily to haue receyued them Then coÌ„sider that is not easie to be hard and number in your mindes the Cities the nations the kingdomes the regions and as I maye say all things froÌ„ the East to the Weast y Caesar had by his vertue vanquished for vs and all that by his power subdued the same by law clemencie and curtesie he made assured vnto hym Which of these do you thinke wil beare to be depriued y things they haue enioyed vnlesse you wil fyll all with warres that are desirous to heale youre countrey that is nowe most féeble wyth disease Those that be farre off and kepte downe with feare and fight I wil omitte to touch but those that be not at haÌ„d only and as I may say euen at home through out all Italy some haue receyued rewards of victory and by multitudes with the armies wherewith they serued be of Caesar appoynted habitations by the same institution whereof many a thousand be within this citie what do you thinke they wil do if you take from them that they had or that they looked to haue of Cities and Countreys Thys last night did shew vs an Image of this matter for wheÌ„ you did intreate for the offendoures they on the contrary ranne aboute with threatnings Do you thinke they can abide to sée Caesars body violated torne vnburyed for these things by law are wente to be done againste Tyrants whiche haue serued in the warres with him and to haue the gayne gotten by the victories of France and England confirmed vnto them when he that was the gyuer of them is so despightfully handled what thinke you the people of Rome will do what thinke you the Italians what hate shal you haue both of God and man if you do so defile your empire enlarged from the Oceane sea to the people vnknowen for you shall not lacke reproufe and blame for this youre inconstancie more than they that thinke you worthy honor that killed a Consull in the Counsell house an holye man in an holy place Senatoures being the doers in the sighte of the Gods and dishonor him that of his enimies is most honored from these things as vnlawfull and not in your power I do warne you to refrayne Then thys sentence I giue that Caesars actes and decrées doe remayne firme and stable that the offenders be praysed in no wise for it is not godly iust not consonant Caesars actes being ratified that of mercye onely you will pardon them for their friends and kinsfolkes sake so as they do so accept it and will of theÌ„ confesse it in thaÌ„keful part When Antony had said this with great contention and vehemency the decrée was made all other being silent and content That there should be no action for Caesars death That all his actes and decrées should be confirmed so as they were commodious for the citie And this with much adoe did the friends of the offendoures cause to be added for their safetie that they were not more kepte for iustice sake than for profite Antony gaue place vnto it These being decrées they that were heads of men to be set in habitations desired a priuate decrée by common authoritie that their places of inhabitance myghte bée made sure vnto them and Antony was not agaynste it shewing some feare with the Senate This decrée was made and another like for them that went to their inhabitations The Counsell being thus broken vp there were some that persâ—oded Lucius Piso to whome Caesar had lest his Testamente that it
into Aegipt brought from thence foure legions whiche being scattered after the ouerthrowe of Crassus and Pompey or else lefte of Caesar wyth Cleopatra Cassius comming suddaynely vpon hym compelled him to deliuer his Legions in Palestina being afrayd with foure Legions to fighte with eyghte So Cassius beyonde expectation was Lord of twelue full Legions and Dolobella going out of Asia into Liodicea where for frendship he was receyued he followed and beséeged whiche thyng when the Senate hearde they were glad In Macedonia Caius Antonius brother to Antonius Marcus dyd make warre with Brutus hauing one Legion of armed Citizens and being inferioure to Brutus he layde traynes for hym which Brutus escaping did catch him with the like traynes and doing nothing to him nor them that he had taken he badde his owne Souldioures to be familiar with their enimies but they refusing that familiaritie and not admitting their conuâ—rsation he suffered them freely to departe when he had them at advantage They goyng another way he appeared suddaynely vnto them in another straight where he dyd not touche them but gently receyued them They remembring that he was euer thought to be the most courteous Citizen and worthy the opinion that he had of wisedome and mildenesse they accepted hys courtesie and gaue themselues vnto him Caius also yéelded to hym and was in honor with Brutus till he was founde manye times corruptyng the army and so put away Thus Brutus to his former army had syxe Legions and praysing the Macedonians he gathered of them two legions more whome he exercised after the Italian manner These thyngs were done in Siria and Macedonia In Italiâ— Caesar tooke it euill that Decimus was made Generall agaynste Antonie before him â–ª He hidde hys anger and desired that hée myghte make a Triumph for the feates hée hadde done and béeing reiected of the Senate for requiring greater thynges than belonged to hys age hée was afraide least if Antonie were ouerthrowen they woulde more despise him and therefore desired to haue conference with hym as Pansa counselled hym when hée dyed All the Souldioures and Captaynes of Antonies that he had taken hée vsed courteously and tooke them as hys owne and them that woulde he sente to Antonie as a signification that he was no enimie to hym To Ventidius that was friend to Antonie and hadde broughte thrée legions he drewe nygh wyth hys army and when he had made hym afrayde he did nothing to hym but graunted hym eyther to ioyne with hym or to goe to Antonie fréely with hys armie and to protest that for lacke of knowledge he had â—mitted the common profite When Ventidius heard thys he wente to Antonie In the meane tyme Octauius Caesar honoured Decius one of Antonies Captaynes whome hée hadde taken at Mutina He gaue hym leaue to goâ— to Antonie if he woulde and he demaunding of hys mynde towarde Antonie hée sayde he had shewed sufficiente and manye tokens to them that coulde percâ—yue and to them that woulde be ignorante more woulde not suffice Thus dyd Caesar signifye to Antonie To Leâ—idus and Asinius he more playnely signifyed of the despight against hym and of the myghtie preparation of the kyllers makyng them afrayde that to increase Pompeis faction all Caesars friendes one after another shoulde be serued as Antonie was whych he through ignoraunce and suspition of a feare did longer suffer He allowed well they shoulde obey the Senate for a fashion but for theyr owne suretie they shoulde agrée togyther whylest they myghte and that they shoulde héerein reprooue Antony and to vse the manner of the legionaries not to departe from them when the seruice was done nor to leaue the trade of warre and disseuer leaste thereby the Enimie myghte take some aduantage but rather togither inhabite others places thereto desirous for their power than seuerally euery man in his countrey consume his owne This did Caesar send to Lepidus and Asinius Deciâ—us armye olde and famished was full of sicknesse and loosenesse of bodye and the newe Souldioures were yet vnexercised â–ª but Plancus with his ordinarie armye drew nigh vnto him Decimus wrote to the Senate that Antonie shoulde be caught in his snares béeing tyred with things past Pâ—mpeys friends hearing of this did maruellously reioyce crying now to be time to restore their Countreys libertie Euerye man made sacrifices and elected tenne men to punishe Antonies power And this was a forme to abolish Caesars decrées whiche Antonie put in vre by his remembrances doing little or nothing of himselfe whiche thing the Senate well perceyuing did by occasion disanull some and so they hoped to dissolue all and the tenne men did commaund that whosoeuer hadde receyued anye thing by Antonies authoritie contrarye to the Senate they should restore it and declare it and to them that disobeyed a punishment was threatned Pompeys secte required the rule of Consuls in stead of Hirtius and Pansa for the rest of the yeare Caesar did the like not of the Senate but of Cicero priuately sendyng to him and exhorting him to be in office with him bycause he was more sage more experte and better acquainted with the office than he and that he only would thinke it a benefyte to beare the name that he might haue an honest pretence to leaue his armye for the which cause he had required a triumph Cicero héereby being blowen vp with ambition sayde he perceyued a conspiracie to be wrought by the Captayne 's abroade and therefore he thought good to pleasure this yong man béeyng not well intreated and Lorde of a greate armye and rather to graunte him an office in the Citie before his time than to force him to be in armes least he might do something that should not content the Senate and wished some of the wise antients might be appoynted as a maister of his yong yeares But the Senate laughed at Ciceros ambition and the kinsmen of the killers were against it â—earing that Caesar would accuse them when he should be Consull and for diuerse lawfull causes made delay in the election Antonie in this tyme passed the mountaines Hauing persuaded Culeo a Capitaine of Lepidus and keper of the passage to credite hym he drewe nighe the â—ioude where Lepidus was and lay without trenche or ditche bicause he would shew he was friend to him Diuerse messages were sent betwéene them Antony recording diuers friendshippes and pleasures affirmed that if he woulde not agrée all they of Caesars 〈◊〉 shoulde be broughte to the like calamitie Lepidus being afraide of the Senate that hadde commaunded hym to make warre vppon Antoâ—â— affyrmed yet that he 〈◊〉 it againste his will. Now Lepidus his army reuerâ—â—cing the dignitie of Antonie and perceiuing the messengers betwéene them and delighting in the quietnesse of his souldiours secretly firste mingled among theÌ„ after openly as with their fellow citizens and souldiors and when they were forbidden by the
the Tribute Thus Tharsus and Laodicea were punished Cassius and Brutus consultyng togither it séemed best to Brutus to remoue the armie from thence into Macedonia for greater consideration Bycause it was sayde theyr enimies had fourty legions and that eyght of them were past the Ionian sea Cassius thought the multitude of the enimie not to be passed of bycause in tyme their number shoulde be their destruction for wante and therefore that they shoulde sette vpon the Rodians and Licians friends to their enimies and hauing nauies least they should come vpon their backes when they had agreed they deuided their armies Brutus went against the Licians Cassius agaynst the Rodians for hée was brought vp there learned the Gréeke tongue And bicause they were very strong vpon the Sea he prepared exercised hys owne ships at Guido The wise men of the Rodes were afrayd to come to fight with the Romanes but the people was lusty recounting their former feats against other maner of men than these Their shippes also they gathered of the beste of the whiche were .xxxiij. when they had done so they sente some to Mindo to Cassius requesting him he woulde not reiect the Rhodes a Citie that euer did reuenge such as contemned them nor the coÌ„uentions betwene the Rhodians and the Romanes that one shoulde not beare armes against the other and if he did alleage any thyng for societie of warre that they woulde vnderstande of the Senate of Rome and they commaunding it they sayde they would do it Thus much they sayde He answeared that for the rest warre must iudge in stéede of wordes where the league coÌ„maunded they should not leauie armes one against another the Rhodians did conspire with Dolobella and ayded him against Cassius But where it coÌ„maundeth that one should help another and now that Cassius requireth it they vse a shifte by the Romane Senate which is scatered and at this present destroyed by the Tyrannes that be in the Citie which should be punished and so should the Rhodians taking their partes onlesse they did as he commaunded them Thus sayde Cassius WheÌ„ this was knowne at Rhodes the auncient men were the more afrayd The people were persuaded by one AlexaÌ„der Manasses remeÌ„bring vnto them that Mithridates came against theÌ„ with many moe ships before him Demetrius Therfore they made Alexander their chief officer called Prytanâ—o Manasses their Admiral Neuerthelesse they sent Archelaus embassadour to Cassius who was his schoolemaster in the Gréeke to intreate him familiarly and when he had taken him by the hande he spake to him as to hys acquayntance Thou that art a louer of the Gréeke language do not disturbe a Gréeke citie nor the Rhodes being a louer of libertie nor deface the Dorian dignitie neuer yet blemished since it firste began nor forget y goodly historie which thou diddest learne at Rhodes and Rome At Rhodes howe muche the Citizens of the same haue euer stoode to their defence against nations kings and such as were thought inuincible as Demetrius Mithridates for their libertie for y whiche thou sayst thou trauaylest In Rome what we haue done for you as wel against other as Antiochus the great there be pillers set vp of you as monumeÌ„ts of vs And thus much may he sayd to you O Romanes of our natioÌ„ of our worthinesse of our state neuer yet in seruitude of our societie choyse of you But in thée now Cassius a certaine great reuereÌ„ce I say remayneth toward this citie thy nurse thy scole thy Phisitian house wher thou didst dwell to my scole my self to other things wherein I toke paynes Now you well requite al this vpoÌ„ my countrie y it be not forced to make warre with thée that was nourished brought vp in it nor put vs to y necessitie of one of two things either that y Rhodians shal all be destroyed or Cassius ouercome I aduise thée further beside y I haue prayed thée that hast takâ— in hand this feate for the coÌ„mon welth of Rome y thou always make the Gods the guydes in so great a cause You Romanes did call the Gods to witnesse when by Caius Caesar ye made soleÌ„ne league with vs and by othe coÌ„firmed the same gaue vs your right hands which enimies performe shal not frieÌ„ds and felowes dâ— it Refraine now for Gods cause for the glory among men seing nothing is more barbarous than breach of league which make the offendours to séeme vnfaithfull both to friend foe WheÌ„ the old man had thus sayd he did not let Cassius hand go but he wept wiped his eyes with it that with that manner he might moue Cassius who for reuereÌ„ce was abashed with some passioÌ„ sayd thus If thou diddest not persuade the Rodians to doe me any iniurie then thy selfe hast done it but if thou diddest exhort and aduise them couldest not persuade them then I do reuenge thée I haue bene iniured euidently firste bycause I asking helpe of them that nourished and taught me am contemned and despised then bycause they preferred Dolobella whome they neyther taught nor brought vp before me and that that is the more haynous not onely before me but Brutus and other noble men whome you knowe well to be fledde from Tirannie and to be ready to fight for libertie of our countrie You the Rodianes louers of libertie preferred Dolobella before vs he séekyng to take the same from other and vs whome now you ought to fauour you pretend you will not deale with ciuill warre It were ciuill if we did couet vnlawfull power but now opeÌ„ warre is made of peoples rule against Tirannes state and you that haue popular gouernment do forsake the same and of them that do labour for their lawes and beare good will to the Romanes and be condemned to death without iudgement that be prescribed confiscate you haue no pitie at all But you answeare you will vnderstand the Senates minde which is now destroyed and can not helpe it self For ye knew the Senate had decréed to Brutus and me that al the inhabitants betwéene Ionia and the East should obey our coÌ„maundements Thou makest a rehearsal what you haue done for vs at our waÌ„ts for with good will you haue receyued reward againe But you forget that you denie help to vs that suffer iniurie for the sauing of our liberty whom you ought if there had bene no friendship betwirt vs but would now haue begon it to haue ayded the coÌ„mon cause of Rome few beyng of the Dorean libertie You bring foorth also leagues lacking other matter that Caius Casar the first author of Tirannie did make with you and say that the Romanes and Rodians should help one an other in their necessities Helpe you then nowe the Romanes that in greatest cause be in moste perill Cassius a Romane borne and a president of the Romanes dothe chalenge that league accordyng to the
not accompted of Caesar for hys youth like to archieue any matter and remayned in Spayne He in companye wyth a fewe théeues roued on the Sea and was not knowen to be Pompeys sonne The number of the Roners increasing and hauing a good bande he confessed he was Pompeys chylde Wherefore all the remnant of hys fathers and brothers armye resorted to him as to a familiar Captayne Arabion béeyng dispeopled in Libya came vnto hym as wée haue sayde and hée hauyng thys multitude hys actes were estéemed greater than as of a Pyrate and Pompeys name sounded ouer all Spayne full of people so as the officers of Caesar durst not meddle wyth hym whyche when Caesar hearde he sente Carina wyth a greater armye to ouerthrowe Pompey But he béeyng armed for the lyghte attemptes suddaynely sette vppon hym and troubled hym and tooke Cities both small and greate for the whyche cause Caesar sente Abnius Pollio to succéede Carina and to warre with Pompey whyche at the time that Caesar was killed did trie their power after the which Pompey was reuoked of the Senate and then he went to Massilia to heare what was done who being chosen Admirall as his father he gathered all the Shippes he could get togither and kept the Seas but would not come to Rome And when the thrée mens power began he sayled into Sicelie and beseeged the Captayne Bythinicus that woulde not receyue him till Hirtius and Fannius condemned by proscription and fledde from Rome caused that place to be giuen to Pompey Thus Pompey was Lord of Sicelie hauing a Nauie and Iland nigh to Italy and a great army both of them he had before and also of them that fledde from Rome both bond and frée and such as the Cities of Italie sent him that were giuen in pray to the Souldioures for these did detest in theyr hearts the conquest of the thrée men and as much as they could secretly wrote against them And as many as might get out of the Countrey being nowe no more of their Countrey fledde to Pompey being at hande and most accepted to the Romaines of that time There came also to him Seamen from Libya and Iberia skylfull in the water in so muche as Pompey was full of Captaynes Shippes Souldioures and money Of the whyche when Caesar vnderstoode he sente Saluidienus with a Nauy thinking it to be an easie matter to put Pompey from the Sea and he passed through Italy to help Saluidienus from Reggio Pompey came againste Saluidienus with a greate nauie and making the fyghte hard at the shallowes of the I le aboute Scyleion Pompeys Shippes were lighter and excéeded in the promptnesse and experience of the skilfull Seamen The Romanes were heauyer and greater and the more vnfitte as the manner of the shallow Sea is to whirle aboute that the billowes breake on eyther side the water Pompeys were the lesse troubled for custome to the surgies but Saluidienus Shippes could neyther stand firme for lacke of that experience nor able to vse their â—ares nor hauing fitte sternes for to turne at will were sore troubled Wherfore towarde the Sunne sette Saluidienus first withdrew and Pompey also did the like The losse of shippes was equall The other that were brused and broken Saluidienus repayred lying at the port of that narow sea Balaron Caesar came and gaue greate fayth to the Reggians and Ipponeans that they should be exempt from them that were gyuen in victorie for he feared them most bycause they were so nigh that narow cut But when Antony sente for hym in haste he sayled to him to Brunduse hauyng on his lefte hand Sicelie entendyng then not to matche with Pompey Murcus when Caesar came that hée shoulde not be inclosed of Antony and him wente a little from Brunduse waytyng by the way the great shippes that carried the armie to Macedonia whiche were wayted of the Galleys the winde being great euen as they coulde wish They sayled away chéerefully without any néede of any Galleys whereat Murcus was grieued and wayted for their returne empty But they bothe then and after caried ouer the army with full sayle till all the army with Caesar and Antony were passed Murcus being thus hindred by fortune as he thought taried for other passages and preparations of new Souldiours from Italy to hinder as much as he coulde the prouisions and the army lefte and to him Domitius Oenobarbus one of Cassius Capitaynes came as to a seruice of great moment with fifty shippes one other legion and Archers that Caesars army not hable to be victualed otherwise sufficiently but from Italie it might as he thought be stopped from thence Thus they with one hundreth and twentie galleys and more shippes of burden with a great army did scoure those seas Ceditius and Norbanus whome Caesar and Antony sente with viij legions into Macedonia and from thence to Thracia went aboue the hilles a hundred and .xl. myles tyll they came beyonde Philip and tooke the streyghts of Torpido and Salapian the beginnyng of Rascopolinus lande and the onely knowen way betwene Europe and Asia and that was a let to Cassius army goyng from Castius to Abydus Rascopolis and Rascus were brethren of the bloud of the Thracian kings and being Princes of one region they differed in opinion Raseos fauoryng Antony and Rascopolis Cassius eyther of them hauyng thrée thousand horse Cassius Capitaynes askyng of the way â—â—sâ—â—polâ—â— sayde The shorte and playne way goeth from hence to Maronaea and leadeth to the streights of Salamina beyng possessed by the enimie is not to be passed There is another way thrice so muche aboute and harde to passe where the enimie can not goe for lacke of victuall from whence they might goe to Thracia and Macedonia When they hearde thys they wente by Aeno and Maronaea to Lysimachia and Cardia that receyue the strayght of Cherronesus as twoo gates and the nexte day they came to the gulfe of Mellana where they mustered their men They had ninetene legions of armed meÌ„ Brutus tenne and Cassius nine none full but with twoo thousande at the moste to bée filled so as they had about fourescore thousande The horsemen of Brutus were foure thousand Celtians and Lucitanians twoo thousande Parthenians Thessalians Thracians and Iâ—irians Cassius of Iberians and Celtians had twoo thousande of Arabians Medians and Parthians Archers on horsebacke foure thousande The Kings and Princes of the Galatians in Asia were their confederates and folowed them with a greate hoste of footemen and horsemen aboue fiue thousande This great armie of Brutus and Cassius was set in order at the gulfe of Melane with the whiche they procéeded to the warre appoyntyng other menne for other necessities They purged the army by Sacrifice accordyng to the manner and fulfilled promises made for money giuyng libecally to winne mennes hartes as they might well hauyng suche plenty of richesse bycause there were many that
place trayâ—â—â— theyr Army Antony came on with great hast insending to get Amphibolâ—â— for the stay of the warre which finding possessed of Nâ—râ—anus he was glad and there he lefte the furniture for the warre wyth one Legion which Pâ—â—arius ledde He wente on boldly and Camped in the fielde but a myle from his enimies and streighte was séene the want and abundance of both armies The one was aboue in frutefull ground the other beneath in a bottome They had wodde from the Mountaynes these from the Fenne They had their water from the Riuer these from the pooles and pittes which they digged for the time They hadde their victuals from Thaso a fewe furlongs from them these from Amphipole aboue fiftie myles off It séemed that Antony was driuen thus to do bycause there was no more good grounde and the playne béeing hollowe in the whych by reason of the ouerflowyng of the floud sometime he found the water both swéete and sufficiente by making welles and pittes Thys boldnesse although it procéeded of necessitie yet it astonished his enimies that so nygh and so soone he was encamped with suche a contempte wherefore they made manye Trenches and fortifyed euery place with walles and rampyers Cassius séeyng Antonyes furie so greate entrenched that was left to the Fenne being omitted for the streightenesse so that no parte was vndefenced but a syde of Brutus whyche was hyllie Cassius hadde the Fenne and the Sea all the rest béeyng taken in with Trenches ditches and gates Thus they both were placed Onely wyth their Horsemen sometime they skirmished When all things were prouided and Caesar some yet not able to fighte for he came in a litter to hys armye hys Captayne 's sette themselues in order to fyghte and Brutus dyd the lyke from the higher place easie to be séene and yet intended not to come downe but to waste theyr Enimie wyth wante either of them had ninetéene legions of armed footemen But they that were with Brutus were the selver in number they that were with Caesar were the more Of Thracia hors meÌ„ there were with Caesar and Antâ—nie aboue thirtene thousand with Brutus and Cassius twenty thousand so as for multitude of men for boldenesse and vertue of Captaines for armoure and furniture of Souldioures there was most goodly shew on both sides Yet they did nothing many daies bycause Biutus woulde not strike the battell but consume them with stopping of victuall from their enimies They hadde al Asia to serue them and the nighe places to bring them all thing by the sea but the enimie hadde little neither susficient nor certain For from Aegipt they could receiue nothing bicause of the dearth that had wasted the couÌ„trey nor froÌ„ Spaine nor Affrica bycause of Pompey nor froÌ„ Italy bycause of Murcus Domitius and Macedonia Thessalia could not by a great deale supplie their want whiche places they onely had for their succor And that was the cause why Brutus refused battaile Antonie fearing this determined in any wise to giue the battel if it were possible to make the Fen passable that he might come vpon the backe of the enimy and take their victuall that came from Thase Therfore on a tyme bringing his men foorth in order of battaile with banner displayde he appointed a parte of his armye bothe by night and daye to make a straighte pathe in the same cutting downe the réedes and laying tymber and stones of eyther side so as they shoulde not shrinke The foundation wherof he pyled and made strong with maruellous silence The thicknssee of the réeds tooke away the sight of the worke And when theâ— had wrought tenne dayes he sent certaine bandes the direct way and the space lefte betwéene he tooke and made many Towers Cassius maruelling at the deuise and pollicie and intending to defeate the Castells made of Antony entrenched all the residue of the Fenne beginning from the campe to the sea pauing and making bridges and ditches vpon the sure ground taking in also the waye that Antony hadde made that neyther they that were there could go abroad nor he helpe them though he woulde Antony perceyuing this about midde day in a rage and furie brought his whole army being otherwise appointed and turned theâ— vppon the forâ—ification of Cassius between the Campe and the Fenne bringing engins and scales as though he woulde charge vppon his Campe. In doing this betwéene both armies with great boldnesse Brutus Souldioures were grieued thinking it a shame for them to let them so escape and wythoute comm â—â—â—ement sauing of one Capitaine they sette vppon theyr flaâ—ke Brutus menne hauyng thus begonne the matter gaue a charge vppon Caesars army that was in a readinesse and putte them from their place and tooke their Campe whiche was common to Caesar and Antony Caesar hymselfe was absent shifting off that day for a dreame he hadde as hée writeth in his booke of Remembraunces Antony séeing the fight to be begunne was gladde he had brought the enimie to it yet he thoughte not good to turne into the playne leaste hée shoulde disturbe his battaile Therefore to doe the rest wyth that fierâ—enesse he beganne in running manner he marched and mounted vp for all the resistaunâ—e that was made and by very vehement force beat backe the battaile of Cassius kéepyng the order that was appointed them they being astonished at thys feate done beyonde all reason When Antony hadde thus broken them he brake down the ouerthwart trench with vtolence filling the ditche and stinging downe the rampires and all the rest to the gate where he diâ—â—ressed the warders and entred for all the weapons that were throwne vppon him Some passed ouer the broken walles some ouer the dead bodyes and al was doone so ftercelye and so sodainelye as they that came oute of the Fenne to helpe them were driueâ— backe againe of them that had gotte the wall wyth the lyke vehemencie and they only that were with Antony entred into Cassius Campe the other stil fighting without The campe was thought to be stroÌ„g therefore fewe kept it whiche was the cause why it was the more easily taken The soldtors of Cassius being thus put to the worse and knowing that their campe was taken fled verye coÌ„fusedly the matter was equal on both sids for Erutus ouercame Caesars battell and lodged in his campe Antony ouerthrew Cassius with a maruellous bolâ—enesse and spoyled his campe The slaughter was confused for by the greatnesse of y playne raysing of the duste one knewe not another till sometimes they asked and then called them to their due places Some retourned loaden with gere like Cariers rather than soldiors which some threw away tooke from them There was no reioycing one with another bicause it was not wel knowne what was doâ—â— so there was much confusion On Cassius side numbring siaues al sorts was slaine â–ª viij M. of Caesars twice
very déede it was to enrich his horsemen And when the Palmirians had vnderstanding of it they conueyed away their goods and garded them with Archers wherin they excelled The horsemen finding the Citie voyde went away emptie and vnhurtfull Of thys occasion the warres of Parthia séemed to ryse many of the tyrannes of the countreye of Syria resorting to them For this countrey till Antiochus the good and his sonne was vnder Kings successoures of Seleucus but being brought into the forme of a prouince they had Scaurus their President â–ª to whome the Senate sent other successours and among them Gabiâ—â—â—s which made warre vpon the Alexandrians Crassus succéeded Gabinius which was after slayne of the Parthians But after the death of Caesar and sedition rysing euery City was holden by an vsurper the Partheans helping them And nowe hadde they entred Syria Crassus being deade one alluring another from whence Antonie droue them away and made them flée to the Parthians Which being done he put tributes vpon the people and did not pacifie the prouince after the commotion of the Palmirians but diuided his armye into wintering places He went to Cleopatra into Egipt of whome being princely receyued he taried the Winter with hir lyke a priuate man in an other mans kingdome eyther to shewe that the rule perteyned not to him or to be the more fitte to frequent the feastful dayes of the Winter And leauing all cares of a Captaine he put on a Greekes robe and such a garment as the Athenteâ—ses and Egiptians Priestes do vse And he resorted onely to temples scooâ—es and assemblies of Philosophers keping company with the Grecians that obeyed Cleopatra for whose cause hée had as hée sayde made that voyage Caesar Octauian in the meane time fell sicke in his iourney to Rome and verie dangerously at Brundusiâ— where it was sayd he was deade Being recouered he entred the Citie and deliuered Antonies letters to his Captaines who strayght commaunded Calenus to deliuer two legions to Octauian and wrote into Africa to Sextius to deliuer that prouince both the which were done Then dyscharging Lepidus of his suspition he committed Africa to his gouernement and solde such goods of the condemned men as were not yet bought Going about to place his Souldiors in their dwellings and to diuide their landes he founde greate troubles For the Soldiors required euery best Citie in Italie as they were chosen before the warre Contrary those Cities required that all Italy might be contributarie to this diuision or the places of dwelling might be apointed by lot The soldiors also required the valewe of the lands bycause there was no coÌ„mon pay Both olde and yong women and children assembled togither in the Temples and publique places lamenting and complayning that they being natiue of Italy should be putte from theyr houses and landes as prisoners in the warre The people wepte for these miseries and moste of all when they remembred that it was not done for the common wealth but for the priuate lust of a fewe the whiche had ouerthrowne the common weale and now gaue their Soldiours rewardes that they by that gifte should be ready to serue their turnes and stil kâ—epe downe the common state Caesar appeased the Cities and shewed the cause of necessitie and that all was not sufficient And hée sayth truth for the neyghbours were oppressed of the soldiours goyng beyond their boundes catching more than was giuen them taking euer the best Neyther were they frayed by Caesars rebukes nor coÌ„tented with new gifts for they did now litle force of the princes who had néede of their helpe to hold vp their ambition For now the ende of the fiue yeares approched euery one had néede of seuerall helpe to maintayne his Lordship The Soldiours had néede of them to kéepe stil that which was giuen them they had néede of the Souldiours fauour to confirme their rule Caesar also comforted the néedy Soldiours with other gifts borowyng money of Temples wherby he wonne their hartes they beyng thankefull to him as of whome they had receyued their landes and goodes and they that were spoyled crying out vpon him whiche he suffred for the Soldiours sakes Lucius brother to Antonie beyng Consull and his wife Fuluia and Manius that had the ouersight of his things in his absence that this benefite might not séene to be onely of Octauian nor he haue only the thanke and the other generall be defrauded of the fauour of the Soldiours vsed subtill meanes that the placyng of the inhabitauntes might be deferred till Antonies commyng Whiche when it séemed vnpossible for the haste of the Souldiours they desired of Octauian that they mighte place Antonies Souldiours although by agréement it was graunted to Caesar Octauian by Antonie â–ª whiche they denied to be true Therefore bryngyng Fâ—â—luia with Antonies litle children to the campe they besought them instantly not to suffer Antonie to be defrauded of his thankes and renowne that he had gotten Antonies name was then very glorious among the Soldiours and others for the victory at Philippi was attributed to Antonie onely bycause of Caesars sicknesse Though Octauian sawe that couenaunt was broken yette for Antonies sake hée was content to gyue place So Antonies legions were placed wyth very much licence that they shoulde not seeme to bée inferiour to the benefite of Caesar There were other Cities neare to these whose lands were deuided to the Souldiours whiche suffered many iniuries of the Souldiours the Citizens crying to Octauian that diuision of landes was nowe more cruell than proscriptions of lyfe For then enimies were punished now innocentes are plagued Caesar did well perceyue the iniurie but coulde not remedie it For neyther had hée money wherewith to pay the possessours of the lande neyther could the rewardes of victory be deferred for the warres that myght ensue Pompey beyng Lorde of the Sea who caused famine in the Cittie all victuall beyng kepte away Aenobarbus and Murcus hauyng an other army and gatheryng an other nauie and the Souldiours the more vnwillyng excepte they haue promyse kepte and the space of fiue yeares was almoste come so as they muste haue néede of Souldiours and therefore bare with their insolencie In so muche as in the Theatre a common Souldiour wantyng a proper seate wente and satte in the place of a Gentleman The people noted it and Caesar raysed hym The Souldiours were angry at it and when Caesar came from the passe tyme they compassed him and requyred their felow Souldiour whome they thought to be destroyed But when hée came they sayde he came out of pryson whiche bycause hée denied they sayde hée was hyred so to say and was a Traytour to hys company This rudenesse was vsed in the Theatre Beyng called to the diuision into the campe of Mars and comming to it by night they were angry that Caesar tarried so long Nonius a Capitayne rebuked them and tolde them
them forth at breake of day with many scales and engins of yron and other to fill the ditches and climbe the trenches and wyth all kind of weapons to throw Thus they issued with great violence and filled the ditches withoute stoppe and casting their engins to the wall some did beate downe the trenche some set vp their scales and some assaulted the toures and without all respect of death fought it out notwithstanding the great resistaunce that was made with the shotte on the contrary parte This fight was in diuers places so as the defeuce was the weaker The fight was fierce vpon the bridge which they passed and also scaled the rampire and were like to haue done some desperate feate except the most valiaÌ„t of Caesars host had with like courage come to the resistaÌ„ce euer being relieued with fresh men the other at length being tyred were thrown from the trench and their engins broke and yet they stucke to it without shrinking though strength and voice fayled them Yet not being able to resist and ashamed to giue place they abode it til Lucius did blow the retreat at the which when Caesars souldiours did make great token of gladnesse Lucius men stroken with shame tooke their scales again and approched the wal but not able to do any good Lucius againe did cal them backe y they shoulde not caste away their liues in vaine Then with heauye harts and against their wils they retired This was the end of this sharpe assaulte Caesar then appointed souldioures to warde at the frenche and at a token to leape vppe to the wall whyche they dyddeÌ„ thoughe they hadde none dâ—casion exercising themselues and discouraging their foes Lucius Souldioures remained sadde and the wards were negligentlye kepte so as diuers fledde into the Campe not onely of the common sorte but also some Capitaynes Lucius was inclined to peace pitying the multitude that perished one thing hindred it that Caesars enâ—â—ies were afraid of themselues but wheÌ„ it was heard that he vsed the fugitiues geÌ„tly and that he was desirous of no mans death theÌ„ Luius thought it expedient without anye further respect to seeke peace And least the people woulde deliuer hym for all he thoughte he would proue their mindes and thus saide My desire and intent was O souldiour fellowes to haue reduced the common wealth to that state y our ancestors left it bycause I sawe the office of the thres men tourned into Tirannye and not amended after the death of Brutus and Cassius by whome they made their pretence of warre For Lepidus being remoued from their Collegeship Antony occupyed in far parts this man alone dothe here what he listeth the lawes bée onely pretences and shades I seeking remedye for these incommodities and minding to haue restored the commoÌ„ wealth I required that the souldiors hauing their due rewardes the power of one might haue bin abolished which bicause I coulde not do I wente aboute to doe it by force and power Then thys man accused me to the army as one that pitied the antieÌ„t inhabitance of the which accusation being ignorant not beléeuing it when I hearde of it bycause I was sure you receyued landes by my diuision yet many beléeued that false accusation and ioyned with him to make warre against vs which one day they shal find to be done against themselues For I am witnesse that you following the better part haue labored for theÌ„ aboue your strength Yet we be ouercome not of the eunimye but of hunger and as it were forsaken of our Captains It should haue become me to haue abiden the vttermost for my country therby in the ende haue had the prayse of my good wil but I can not for you whose safetie I preferre before my glory Therfore I wyll send Ambassadors to the victour and I will require him to punish me only and let you go that he would giue you y forgiuenesse which I do not aske for my selfe You being Citizens as he is sometime his souldiours not nowe offending but hauing a iuste cause of war be ouercome not with fight but with famine When be had thus said he sent by by thrée of the offiters that were chiefe The rest of the multitude lamented eyther their own case or the Generalls which meant wel as they did and seemed to be a friende of the common wealth and fayne to giue place to extreame necessitye The Ambassadoures that were sent to Caesar remembred to him their common country their common souldiourfare passed the friendships of the noble men of both sids the custome of their ancestors abhorring from suche deadly Oissentions and other things to thys purpose Caesar knowing that his enimies hoste consisted in olde and young souldiors vsed arte and saide he pardoned all Antonies souldiors the other he required to submitte to his discretion Thus he spake opeÌ„ly but secretly to Furnio he signified he would pardon al except his priuate enimies which priuate talk with Furniâ—s they had in suspition and saide that war was not made for displeasure but for common cause and required Lucius either to haue general peace or martial war. Lucius hauing pitie of those noble men that were equall in dignitie with the other praised them and saide he woulde sende other Ambassadors to him and bycause he thought none so fit as hymselfe he woulde go alone without an Heraulte When it was tolde Caesar that Lucius was comming to hym he went straight to méete him and they bothe came in sight accompanied with their friends in the habite of a General Then Lucius sending aside all hys friends wente on with two Sergeants signifying what he meant and Caesar following that beneuolence shewed the lyke token of modestie And when he saw Lucius come within his trenche that so he might shew himselfe to be in his power he firste wente oute of the Trenche that Lucius might be frée to saue hymselfe Thys they dyd outwardly by tokens of courtesy and when they were come to the ditche and had saluted eche other Lucius thus begaÌ„ If I had made this warre with straungers I would haue bin ashamed O Caesar to haue bin ouercome and more ashamed to yéelde myselfe from the whiche ignominie I woulde easilye haue deliuered my life But bicause I haue dealt with a Citizen of lyke authoritie and that for my country I thinke it no shame for such a cause to be ouercome of such a manne which I speake not that I refuse to suffer any thyng that thou writ put vpon mee beyng come to this campe wythout an Herauld but to aske pardon for other iuste and commedious for thyne estate Whych that thou mayste vnderstande the more playnly I wyll separate theyr cause from mine that after thou shalt vnderstand that I am the onelye cause thou mayste exercise thine anger vppon me Thinke not that I will inuey againste thee licentiously which now were oute of tyme
but wyll onelye tell the truth which I cannot dissemble I tooke thys warre agaynste thée not that I woulde bée a Prince if I hadde dispatched thée but that I myghte haue broughte the Common wealth to the rule of the Senate whyche is nowe taken awaye by the power of thrée as thou thy selfe canste not denye For when you begunne it confessyng it vnlawfull you sayde it was necessarye for a tyme Cassius and Brutus beyng alyue who coulde not be reconciled vnto you They being taken awaye the reste if any rest there be being afraide of you and takyng armes not agaynste the Common wealth and youre tyme beeyng ended I requyred that the oppressed Senate myghte be restored not regardyng my brother before my Countrey For I hoped to haue perswaded him at his retourne and I made haste to doe it in the tyme of myne offyce If thou wouldest haue doone so thou shouldest haue hadde the glorye alone but bycause I could not perswade thée I wente to the Cittye and thought to gette it by strength and force being a Senatoure and a Consull These were the onelye causes of this warre not my brother not Manius not Fuluia nor the landes diuided to the Souldyoures that wanne the fielde at Philippi not the pitie of the olde possessioners cast out of the landes for by myne authoritie some were appoynted to landes for my brothers Legions the olde owners spoyled But thys calumniation thou dyddest deuise that thou myghtest putte the faulte of the warre from thy selfe to me and the newe inhabiters And by thys arte wynnyng the heartes of the olde Souldyoures thou hast wanne also the victory for it was persuaded them that I woulde putte them out by violence These deuices were to be vsed when thou madest warre agaynste me Nowe béeyng Conqueroure if thou bée an ennimie of thy Countrey make mée an enimie also that coulde not remedie it béeyng lette by famyne And thys I speake fréelie gyuing my selfe as I sayde into thy handes shewyng what I thought of thée before and nowe also béeyng with thée alone Thus much of my selfe Now as concernyng my friendes and the whole army if thou wilte beléeue me I wyll gyue thée most profitable councell Doe not vse them hardly for my cause and matter and séeyng thou arte a man and subiect to vnstable fortune make not thy friendes the flower to venture for thée if they shall sée examples gyuen of thée nothyng to be hoped but to the Conqueroures And if thou reiect all my councell as of thyne enimie I maye not bée ashamed to craue pardon of thée that thou wouldest not exacte punishmente of my friendes for my faulte or missefortune but rather turne all vppon mée whyche am the cause of all these troubles for I haue lefte them behynde me of purpose least if I shoulde speake these things in theyr hearyng I shoulde séeme to séeke myne owne cause To thys Caesar aunswered When I sawe thée come to mée withoute an Heraulde I came apace out of my campe that thou myghtest fréelie doe that myghte bée for thy good And séeyng thee acknowledgyng thy faulte thou commyttest thy selfe to my power I néede not confute the thyngs whyche thou hast obiected againste me firmely but falsely hurting mée now as thou 〈◊〉 before For if thou haddest come to make confederation thou shouldest haue come to an angrye Conqueroure not without a cause But now séeing without any condition thou giuest thy selfe thy friends and army to vs al anger is taken awaye al necessitie of truce is cutte off For nowe I muste consider not so much what you haue deserued as what is seemly for mee to doe whyche I hadde rather doe eyther for Gods cause for my cause or for thy sake O Lucie neither will I deceiue the expectation that thou haste broughte with thée Thus much do I find in the dayly notes of the Chronicles of that time in this matter Caesar maruelled at the noble stout courage of Lucius ioyned with prudence and Lucius maruelled at the clemencie and quicke briefenesse of Caesar the other gathered comecture of their talke by the countenaunce of them bothe Then Lucius sent to the chiefe Captaynes that they shoulde receiue the watche worde of Caesar They brought a booke of the number for so was the manner as it is now that when the captaine asketh the watche word he offereth to the Prince a booke of hys number euery day Receyuing the watch worde they did not leaue the wented watches for so Caesar commaunded that they should kéepe watche seuerally The nexte day Caesar sacrificed and Lucius sent the hoste to Caesar carying their harnesse but going in their common apparel and a farre off they saluted Caesar as Generall and stayde legion by legion as Caesar hadde appointed for he deuided the olde legions from the young When he hadde sacrificed he sate in the Generals seate and commanded euery one to lay down their armour which beeing done hée commaunded the old souldiors to drawe nighe that he mighte reproue their vnkindnesse and make them afraide yet his meaning was knowne well ynough Then whither it was of purpose or of affection Caesars souldioures came â—ute of theyr places and embraced Lucius souldiors and wept and sued to Caesar for them and they woulde not leaue but stil cryed vppon Caesar so as there was muche mourning But Caesar chaunging hys minde and appeasing the multitude said thus You my fellowe Souldyers haue alwayes so well serued me as I can not deny you anything The yong Souldyers whiche I thinke haue serued iustly vnder Lucius standerd I remitte but those that haue héeretofore bin ioyned wyth you in warre and now be saued by your meane I woulde aske what miurie I haue done them or what grace denyed them that they shoulde serue another and beare armoure against me and you and theÌ„selues for I suffered all the paynes for diuision of the landes of the which these were partakers whose lâ—udenesse nowe if you will sufferme I will punish But they denying that and coÌ„tinually calling for pardon I graunt quoth he that you demaunde let them goe frée so as heereafter they agree with you whyche beyng promised on both partes thanks were cryed to Caesar who was contente that some shoulde be lodged in houses The common sorte he wylled to lye in theyr Campe where they fyrste were placed tyll he sente them to wintering Then sitting in the hygh seate he called Lucius and the chiefe out of Perugia among whome were many Senatoures and Gentlemen all in heaâ—ie shape who béeyng out of the Towne a garrison entred When they were come Caesar tooke Lucius to hym the other were committed to hys friendes and officers béeyng warned to keepe them in honest and secrete custody The Perugians crying for pardon ouer the wall he commaunded to come without the Senate only whyche béeyng done he pardoned them The Senatoures were putte in prison and after kylled except Lucius Aaemilius who being
infinite and incomparable but bycause of the short time it was like a bright lightning The whiche beyng diuided into manye Prouinces part of them continued noble a good whyle But our kings only dyd maintaine two hundred thousande footeinen fortie thousand horsemen thrée hundred Elephants vsed to the warre two thousande armed Chariots and so muche armoure as woulde serue thrée hundred thousande Besides this prouision for the lande they had two thousande of the small vessels and of galleys little and greate a thousande fyue hundreth with double furniture eyghte hundred shippes of shewe whiche they vsed for pompe with stems and sternes of golde seauen hundred and fortie talents of Egipt in their treasure al the whiche appeareth by the Princes recordes which be yet extant The seconde king of Egipt after Alexander who of al other was moste able to spende most bountifull to bestow most desirous to get lefte this behinde him Other Princes were not muche inferiour but by mutuall discorde of their posteritie which is the onely destruction of great kingdomes they came to nothing But the Romane Empire passed for greatnesse and felicitie for continuaunce and wisedom in the Senate neither wanted they manhoode nor patience nor painefulnesse til they had established their power nor gaue place to misfortune they loste sometime twenty thousande sometyme fortie and fiftye thousand at a battaile â–ª diuerse tymes the Citie was in daunger by famine pestilence and sedition Yet all this woulde not abate their ambition by the space of seauen hundred yeares stryuing with paine and perill till they brought their dominion kéeping stilâ—one â—rade â–ª to this heigth as they receyue moste ample fruits of their wisedome and happinesse These things many Gretians and Romanes haue put in writing and the Historie is farre excéeding the Macedonians and where as I haue considered their valiauntnesse and would sée it in euery nation my penne hath carried me from Lybia to Vberia from Iberia into Sicilie or Macedonie or to embassages confederacies of sundrye nations and then brought me againe as a forced man to Sicilie and to Carthage and eftsoones carried mee away from these vnperfect til I had gathered by partes howe of tthey sent ambassadours or armyes into Siâ—ily and what they did in that Iland til they had conquered it TheÌ„ how many ambassages how many leagues were made betwéen them what ouerthrowes on bothe sides were giuen till Carthage was ouercome and Africa made a prouince and then Carthage restored againe to the state that it is nowe I haue done the like in euerye prouince bycause I would know what the Romaines did euery where that I might sée the manhoode or fayntnesse of al natioÌ„s and the vertue and fortune of them that conquered and whatsoeuer other matter chaunced Thinking this woulde be acceptable to other also to vnderstand the Romaines actes after thys sorte I haue written of euery nation by it selfe leauing to write what was done in the meane time of other placyng them seuerally To set the times to euery thing I thought it too much the moste notable I will expresse by their distance of time At the firste the Romaines had one name as al other after came another and at length the thirde also was added to some of them to be known by some marke of body or vertue of mind as the Grecians had surnames ioyned to their names Some time I wyll put all chiefly of the noble men that they may be the better knowen the most I will name by the one or the other as shal be moste fitte And where there be thrée bokes that declare the Romaines doings in Italie I call them thrée the Romaines actes with the Italians and for the multitude of matter are thus diuided The firste conteyneth the reignes of the seauen kings therefore I call them The Historie of the Romane Kings Then followeth the Booke of matters done in Italy beside them that dwell in the coast of Ionia the which Booke for a difference is called The Romanes warre after the Kings The last of all in that land were the Samnites next the Ionian sea a nation most fierce and warlike fighting with the Romanes fourescore yeares till they and the Grecians their fellowes that inhabite Italy were subdued and this booke for the difference from the other two is called The Romanes warres with the Samnites All the other haue their seuerall titles as The Romanes warre with the Galles the Sicilians the Iberians with Hanniball with Carthage with Macedonia and so forthe The order of the whiche is after the order of the time in the which they were done though that many other things happened by the way The ciuill seditions and warre among themselues most horrible of all the rest shall be declared by their names that were chiefe doers of the same as Marius and Sylla Pompey and Caesar Antony and Caesar Augustus and the killers of Caesar the elder Then shall be shewed of Antony and Caesar whiche made an end of ciuill warre when Aegipt came vnder the Romanes dominion So all the warres are diuided into bookes of their nation or to the names of the Captaines if they be ciuill The last booke shall declare what armies they haue what reuenue they take of euery Nation â–ª what charges they be at with their ordinarie garrisons by sea and suche other And séeing I shall wright of their vertue it shall be fitte to beginne of theyr originall Who I am that haue written these things many knowe I haue shewed it before and to tell it more playnely â–ª I am of Alexandria accepted in my Countrey and exercised at Rome in causes of Justice touching the Emperoures til it pleased them to thinke ine worthy their seruice He that will know the rest may learne it of the Bookes that I haue written ¶ The Romanes warre with Mithridates King of Pontus by Appian of Alexandria WHen the Romanes had ouercome Mithridates the King after xlâ—j yeares warre they made Bithinia Cappadocia and other nations bordering vppon theÌ„ inhabiting the sea called â—â—xinuâ— subiecte vnto them And in the same warre they wonne of Cilicia those that were not yet of their obedience and of Syria Phoenitia Coelosiria and Palestina and the midde land to the floud Euphrates not béeing vnder Mithridates but by the violence of that victory And to some they put tributes by and by to some afterward Paphlagonia Galatia and Phrygia and Mysia ioyning to Phrygia and after them Lydia and Caria and Ionia and all the rest of Asia that is aboute Pergamo and old Grecia and Macedonia whiche Mithridates hadde gotten they recouered soone agayne and to manye of them appointed tributes that neuer had payd any For that which I thinke they call this chiefly the greate warre and the victory of it also greate and the Captayne of it that was Pompey in their proper language they name greate to this day for the number of the
be comforted And so Spayne was decréed vnto hym as by a foresyght that he would do some thing worthy the noblenesse of hys mynd which the antients did not call greatnesse of minde but rashnesse rather of courage Which when Scipio perceyued he spake to the people again after that sorte that he spake of himself before adding this that his youth should be impedunent to no man He exhorted the Elders to take that prouince if any of them woulde he willingly gaue place But wheÌ„ no man was found to take it he went with the more estimation and admiration of all men into his prouince into the whiche hée led with him â—M footemen and fiue hundred horsemen For Annibal vexing Italie a greater number could not be spared He had mony for their wages and other furniture with eightéene Galleis wyth the which hée sayled into Spaine where reteining the footemen and horsemen that were left he putte them to other and mustered and purged his whole army and then spake to them very nobly so as hys fame wente shortelye ouer all Spaine whiche was wearye of the Carthagies rule The vertue of the Scipians stucke in their mindes and they thought the house of Scipio was sent to them by the will of god Whiche thyng Scipio vnderstanding pretended he did all things by diuine instigation And when he vnderstoode that hys enimies were lodged in foure sundrye places and that in euery campe was fiue twenty thousande footemen and two thousande horse and further that al mony munition as well for Sea as land and also the captiues and pledges of Spaine were in the Cittie that béefore was called Sagunt and nowe named Carthage and that Mago was there to kéep that treasure with .x. M. meÌ„ he thought good to make his â—â—st attempt there being moued by the small number the great abundance and the seate of that Cittie to be as a Forte and a receipte of the warre both by sea and land against Spaine the shorter passage into Libyâ— By these considerations conferring wyth no man he marched at the sunne set riding all night toward this Carthage by daye he was there and made a ditche and treâ—che about it the Carthagies being amazed and the same daye prepared to giue the assaulte He sette engins scales against al parts but only one where the wall was very lowe but compassed with a poole the sea wherefore that place was negligently kepte of the souldiors but y they made it strong in that night with arrowes and stones Scipio tooke the streightes of the Porte that the enimies ships should not escape as hee that trusting in his vertue haped to take the Citie Before day he commanded part of the souldiors to mount the engines to throwe vpon the enimies from aboue other to run the engines at the wall by lawe by sorce Of the other side Mago placed r. M. men at the gates which taking their occasion should sally with their swords only bicause in those streights thei could not vse spears other he coÌ„maunded to kéepe the wals and towers and they there with their engines stones darts arrows boldlye abyd y nÌ„ght The alarm being made both parts omitted no endeuor whiles the stones or arrows were cast from hands or engines Some vsed slings and euerymâ—n did his best in that kinde of armoure that he coulde handle A band of Scipio was hardly handled for y Carthagies that kept the gates issued with their swords made a hotte fray with them that brought the engines and did as much hurt as they tooke till the Romaynes whose courage encreaseth â—â—pâ—rilâ— made them to retire they that defended that wall beâ—â—â—â—tâ—â—ed and they that fought without slâ—â—ng the Romaynes mighte easâ—â—â—e sette their engines to the wall Agaynst whom they that hadde skirmished wente vppe to the wall and so againe the Râ—maâ—nes were putte to fighte Scipio that looked aboute him and exhorted them in all places â–ª perceiued toward y south the place where the wall was low and that the water did fall froÌ„ it according to the course of the sea so that the was before to the breast was now but to the â—â—d legge Whiche thing being perceyued and the matter diligently examined he spent the rest of the day that the sea did encrease by going aboute and encouraging his souldyoures to doe it My Souldyoures sayde he nowe is the time and whilest the help of God commeth to vs scale the wall on this side where the Sea openeth a way vnto vs I will goe before you and saying thus he toke the ladders first with the which he beganne to mount before any other but his gaâ—d and others staying him and the souldyoures takyng the matter in hand the Romanes got vp whome when he perceyued to be vpon certayne towers he badde the trumpetours and drummes goe vp the wall and encourage the Romanes wyth their noyse This thing affraying the enimie they fledde as the Citie had bin taken some of the Romanes fought with them seme ranne and opened the gate to Scipio who entred with his army They of the Citie fledde into houses and other places Mago broughte his souldyoures into the market place whiche béeyng soone ouercome fledde into the Castell with a few which when Scipio assaulted he not being able to defend it all his men vtterly discouraged he yéelded to Scipio This so greate a Citie beyng taken in one day which was the fourth day after his comming he was extolled with infinite prayse of all men beléeuing that he did all things rather by the councell of the gods than of men and so he persuaded himselfe the which opinion he mainteyned all his life taking beginning at this time For this cause hée woulde many times goe alone into the Capitoll and shutte the dores as to be taught of god Wherefore at this day only Scipio â–ª image is broughte out of the Capitoll whereas all others are taken from the common place Then Scipio hauing taken the Citie whiche shoulde be as a receptacle and a storehouse of all things for warre and peace in the whiche greate plentie of armoure shotte and engines and furniture for the Name and thirtie and thrée shippes and corne and manye other things were layde vp as in a common market beside â—â—â—rie golde â–ª and siluer as well coyned as vncoyned and the pledges of Spayne and the captiues of Rome He made sacrifice to God and the next day triumphed Then after he had praysed his souldyoures hée turned his tale to the townesmen renuing the memorie of the Scipios and deliuering all them that were in bondage that wâ—eÌ„ they came to their countreys they mighte winne them to hym These things being thus done he rewarded him most liberally that firste mounted the wall and to the seconde he gaue halfe so much and to the third and others by like proportion The yuorie gold siluer that was left of the pray he put in shippes and
and when he came to the porte the Carthages whiche were come before him brought out their Gallies vnknowen to Syphax against Scipiâ— but he hauing the benefite of the winde with full sayle entred the port before them Syphax receyued them both courteously and talking priuately with them and giuing his faith sent them away He commaunded the Carthagies that layd new traynes againste him to be stayd This perill Scipio escaped when he came to the coast and when he went from thence And it is said that whilest Scipio was with Syphax he sate at the table wyth Asdruball who when he hadde asked him many questions hee greatly wondered at the sight and modestie of him and turnyng to his friends sayd that he was a man to be scared not onely in the warre but also at a table At this time some of the â—â—erians and Celtiberians did yet serue vnder Hanno with whome Martius did encounter and kylled a thousande fiue hundred of them the rest fledde home other seauen hundred horsemen and seauen thousand footemen being with Hanno Martius droue into an hyll where wanting all necessaries they sent to Martius for composition whome hée commaunded to delyuer their Captayne Hanno and the sugitiues and â—â—en tell their message so they tooke Hanno that was hearing of matters and deliuered him and the fugitiues to Martius â–ª he required also the captiues whome when he had receyued he commaunded the Souldyoures to bring a certaine summe of siluer into a playne bycause it was not fitte for them that aske pardon to keepe highe places whiche when they were descended Martius sayde vnto them you are well worthy deathe for where as euery of you haue youre countreys subiect to vs you had rather make warre against vs than oure enimies yet I am content and giue you leaue to goe safe putting off youre armour Whiche when they hearde being all gréeued with it and denying to do it a sharp fight was made in the which halfe of them were slayne the other halfe escaping to Mago He not long before was come to Hannos Campe wyth sixtie Shippes but hearyng of hys calamitie he returned to Gades where beyng in wante he was put in greate feare and there hée rested Sillanus was sente to the Citie of Castaces where when hée was receyued as an enimie he sette hys Campe before the Towne and made Scipio to knowe of it who sending afore what was fytte for the séege followed and by the way gotte the Citie of Illiturga the whyche in the tyme of olde Scipio was friende to the Romanes and when hée was slayne they reuolted priuily and pretendyng to receyue the Romanes armys as a friende delyuered it to the Carthagies Wherfore Scipio béeyng angrie ouercame it in foure houres and tooke it Héere Scipio hadde a wounde in hys necke but not so greate as hée woulde departe from the fyghte tyll hée hadde gotte the Citie for thys cause the armye despising the pray kylled women and children and vtterly destroyed it When they came to Castace he beséeged it in thrée partes but dyd not assaulte it that hée myghte gyue the Castaces tyme to repente bycause he heard they were aboute suche a matter And when they hadde kylled the Captain of the garrison which resisted they deliuered the Citie to Scipio he leauing a certayne honest man of the Citie to kéepe it wente towarde Carthage sending Sillanus and Martius to the Sea to spoyle and wast all that they could There was a Citie called Astapa whiche was alwayes of the Carthagies deuotion When they sawe they were beséeged and knewe that if they came vnder the Romanes power they shouÌ„lde be solde as slaues they brought all theyr goodes and riches into the market place and compassing the same wyth wodde they badde their wiues and children goe vp to it and sware fiftie of the chiefe of the Citie that if the Citie were taken they shoulde kyll their wiues and chyldren sette the wodde on fyre and burne them and themselues When they hadde called the Gods vnto witnesse of the same they issued vppon Martius looking for no suche thyng with the whyche violence the shotte and the Horsemen were putte to flighte The footemen stayd The Astapeans fought valiantlye withoute hope of remedye The Romanes were more in number but the Astapeans were not inferioure in vertue who when they were all slayne the fiftie whyche were in the Citie kylled all the women and chyldren and then kindled the fyre and lepte into it Martius maruelling at the vertue of them refrayned from burning their houses After these doyngs Scipio fell sicke and Martius ruled the army and so the Souldyoures that had spente all vppon pleasure and thought they hadde not receyued worthy rewardes for theyr seruice bycause they hadde nothyng lefte and to whome Scipio ascribed the glory of all hys noble actes they reuolted from Martius and hadde their Campe by themselues and manye of the garrisons and nygh Castels ioyned vnto them and some were sente of Mago with money to persuade them to him They receyued the money but makyng Captaynes and officers of themselues they did all thyngs of their owne authoritie and bounde them to it by oth Scipio hearing of thys wrote vnto them that were authoures and sayde hée coulde not yet rewarde them as they were worthy bycause of his sicknesse and to other he wrote to appease them that were in rage and wrote to all generally as though they had now bin reconciled that he woulde shortly rewarde them all and willed them so soone as might be to come to Carthage for forage These letters being redde some suspected some euill other thinking no hurt thought good to giue credite to them and agréed to goe to Carthage whither when Scipio vnderstoode they were comming he commanded all the Senatoures that were with him that cache one of them should goe with one of the Authoures of sedition and receyuing them into their tentes in shewe of friendshippe to take them priuily Then he commaunded the Tribunes of the souldyoures that the next morning euery of them with their most trusty friendes with their swordes shoulde goe priuily and place them in diuers partes of the citie and when they had fitte places not looking for any other commaundement shoulde immediately kill them if they made any stirre while he spake hys Oration When it was daye he called all the Souldyoures to an assemblie and caused himself to be borne to the Generalles seate They hearing the sounde of the trumpet being ashamed not to awayte vppon their Generall being sicke and thinking they shoulde haue receyued their rewardes came from euerye place part without swords part couered with a little coate bycause they had not time to make them ready Scipio hauing a garde secretely aboute him did firste rebuke them for their déede then said he would put all the blame in the authors of the sedition whome O Souldyoures by your helpe I will
had Philip of Macedome in suspition being ouercome of them not long before And in the league with the Cartheginians they had no great trust Anniball being with Antiochus And of their other subiects they had some doÌ„ubt least the glory of Antiochus should make them séeke new attemptes Therefore they senâ—e garrisons to euery one to gouerne them in peaceable manner and sente Captaynes to the armyes whome they call of sixe axies bycause the Consuls hadde twelue and twelue roddes as the olde Kyngs vsed and bycause these officers had halfe authoritie they hadde halfe the shewe And as in a greate feare carefull for Italy least some disturbance mighte happen to them eyther by the violence or fauour of Antiochus they sente a greate bande of footemen to Tarento there to bée ready at all assayes and a Nauie sayled ouer all the coast So great a feare of Antiochus was at the first When they hadde thus at home giuen order in all things at the begynning they gathered theyr army againste Antiochus Of themselues they hadde twenty thousand of theyr confederates twice so many with the whyche they woulde passe into Ionia And in thys preparation they spente the whole Winter Antiochus wente into Thessalia and being come vnto Cynochâ—phalia where the Macedonians hadde a greate ouerthrowe of the Romanes he honorably buryed thâ—se that laye vnburyed thynkyng thereby to winne the Macedonians to him and withdrawe them from Philip that hadde lefte hys Souldyoures vnburyed that serued vnder hys Standerd Philip hearyng thys was in a greate perplexitie wyth hymselfe whyche parte he shoulde take but yet dyd cleaue to the Romanes and streyghte sente to Bebius a Captayne of the Romanes lying not farre off to come to hym to a certayne place assuring hym that hée woulde take the Romanes parte against the Kyng For the whyche Bebius thanking hym was the more bolde to sende Appius Claudius out of Macedonte into Thessaly with two thousande footemen And when Appius was at Tempe and perceyued where Antiochus lay wyth his army he made many fyres to couer the fewnesse of hys armye But Antiochus thynkyng that Bebius and Philip hadde bene come togyther was afrayde and brake vp hys Campe making Winter the pretence and wente to Calcida There hée was caughte wyth the loue of a mayde béeyng aboue fiftye yeares of age and hauyng so greate a warre in hande hée woulde néedes marry hyr and make pastymes whereby hée broughte hys armye to greate ydlenesse and change that Winter When the Spring was come hée wente to Aâ—arnania where he perceyued that hys armye was vtterly vnprofitable through ydlenesse and then repented hym of hys marriage and feastings and when hée hadde gotten some of the Countrey to hys obedience and subdued the rest hearing that the Romanâ—s were passed into Ionia hée returned to Chalcide The Romanes wyth diligence and two thousande good Horsemen and thirtie thousande footemen and some Elephantes Acinius Manius Glabrie béeyng Generall from Brunduse arriuing at Appolonia wente to Thessalie and delyuered the Cities of theyr enimies And where they founde any garrisons of the Macedonians they put them out and Philippus of Magalopolis was taken prisoner hopyng yet for the kingdome of Macedonia and they tooke thrée thousande of Antiochus men And whyles Manius did this Philip inuaded Athamania and made it all subiect Amynander fleeing into Ambracia Whyche when Antiochus hearde and the speedy doyng of the thyngs hee was in feare bycause of the suddayne change and alteration and then vnderstoode that Annihall gaue hym good counsell Therefore hée sente one after another to Polyxenida to stirre with all spéede and hée gathered as many as hée coulde in all places and thys done hee hadde of his owne footemen tenne thousande and fyue hundred Horse wyth the whyche and some confederates he tooke Thermopyle that hys enimies might haue the harder passage and hée tarrie for hys armye out of Asia Thermopyle is a streighte and a long passage the whyche a rough Sea withoute portes dothe partly compasse and a Fenne déepe and without way Two toppes it hathe in the rockes of the hylles the one is called Tichiunta and the other Callidromus The place hathe welles of hâ—te water and thereof is called Thermopyle Antiochus made a wall double at it and placed engines at the wall and sente the Aetolians to the toppes of the Mountaynes that no man shoulde passe by that that was called Atropos where Xerxes came agaynste Leonida the Captayne of the Lâ—cedemonians when no man kepte the hylles The Aâ—tolians placed one thousande in eyther toppe and wyth the rest beséeged the Citie Heraclea When Manius perceyued thys preparation of the enimies hée gaue order to fyghte the nexte morning and commaunded two of hys Tribunes that is Marcus Cato and Lucius Valerius that they shoulde assayle in the nyghte whyche of the hylles they woulde and if they coulde dryue the Aâ—tolians from the toppes Lucius was repulsed from Tiâ—hiunta the Aâ—tolians there béeyng too good for hym Marcus Cato wente againste Callidramâ—s and passed the enimies being asléepe to the last watche and then hadde a greate conflict striuing to gette the high and rocky places and the enimies to kéepe hym backe Manius ledde hys armye on the face of Antiochus diuided into small bandes for so coulde he only doe in the streightes The Kyng commaunded the lighte harnessed and target men to fyghte before the mayne battell the whyche hée placed before the Camp. On the righte side he sette the slingers and archers in the hygh places and the Elephantes on the lefte syde and the bande that was euer about hym he wylled to stande at the Sea side The fyghte being begunne the shotte running hyther and thyther dyd muche trouble Manius but hée â—esisting manfully and gyuing backe and agayne commyng on hée putâ—e them to flighte Then the battell of the Macedonians opening themselues receyued them and closed agayne and thrust forthe theyr long pykes 〈…〉 togyther in order By thys manner the Lacedemontans vnder Alexander and Philip dyd trouble their enimies that dâ—râ—â— not approche to the pykes so long and so many Then of a suddayne was séene the fléeing and crying of the Aetolians dryuen to Antiochus Campe the whyche at the firste was not knowen what it was whyche ignorance caused trouble and doubte till Cato appeared followyng them wyth a greate shoute and béeyng come to the Kyngs Campe Antiochus menne that hadde hearde muche of the Romanes valiantnesse were afrayde and acknowledged theyr owne ydlenesse and delicatenesse the Wynter passed to be the cause why they thys time were the worse to doe theyr office and not séeyng perfitlye what number Cato hadde and for feare thinking he had more than he had and beyng afrayde of the Campe they fledde to it out of order to keepe away the enimie The Romanes comming vppon them entred the Campe wyth them Then was there another â—oule fléeyng of Antiochus
prouoke the Romanes into hate of the Embassadors They fel vpon the earthe and with their hands and heads did beate it some tore their garments and defiled their bodies as driuen beside themselues When the passion was paste a great silence and astonishmeÌ„t appeared as though they had bin dead The Romanes were amazed and the Consulls knew they were stricken wyth the strange commandement wold be in that passion for a time perceiuing very well that greatest griefs doe strike most vehemently at the first but in time necessitie causeth boldnesse to obey Thus were the Carthaginians asflicted and with their silence féeling greater matter they ceased their disdainefulnesse fel to wéeping and lamenting themselues and their children and their wiues by name and their Country as though it hadde hearde them as a man speaking many lamentable things The priests called vppon their holy things and their Gods as thoughe they had bin present laying their destruction vppon them There was a confused and miserable mourning of them that broughte both publique and priuate things that it made the Romaynes themselues to wéepe The Consulls were also stricken wyth suche humaine mutation and with seuere manner abode the fulnesse of the matter When they had ceased wéeping they waxed silent again considering that their city was naked and vnarmed hauing neither ship sword dart nor engine nor meÌ„ sufficient to resist .l. M. being destroyed of late straungers ayde had they none nor friend nor confederate nor tyme Their enimies had all their children their armour their land and came armed againste their Citie with Shyppes footmen engines and horse 〈◊〉 another enimye was at their sides They refraâ—d from rage and choller as nothing profiting in calamities They turned againe to reasoÌ„ And Hanno that is called Gylla obtaining 〈◊〉 to speak said thus If there be any regarde with you O Romanes of oure former spéeches we would speake not as they that can bring forth any thing to â—ustiâ—e vs for there is no resistaunce in tyme to the afflicted but that you maye learne it is not without reason or cause that you shoulde haue pittie of vs We hauing dominion in Libya and the sea haue manye times contended with you for the Soueraintie and aâ— length gaue place to Scipio when we deliuered our ships and Elephants to you and agréed to giue you tribute and gaue them in time Then forthe Gods â—hâ—t be iudges spare vs spare vs also for the othe that Scipio made vs that the Romanes should be friends and consederates to the Carthaginians There is not wherein we haue offended we haue neither ships nor Elephants nor haue lefte oure tributes but wée haue taken your part against iij. Kings and it ought not to displease you if wée saide thys before when we deliuered you â—â—r armoure For misery maketh men speake muche nothyng is more strong in supplications â–ª than couenaunts made nor wée haue any other thing for our refuge but words séeyng we haue deliuered to you all oure strength Of these former thinges 〈◊〉 O Romanes was our assuraunce Of the present you Consuls be â—â—â—â—ours and witnesse with vs You required pledges and he brought them to you of the beste sorte You requyred armour and you haue it al which they that are tâ—ken with â—iege wil not willingly deliuer we haue trusted the Romane custome and manner for the â—â—â—nate commaunded vs and you when â—â—u required pledges â—aâ—â—e that 〈◊〉 shoulde be frée when you hadde them but if it were added that we shoulde receyue the reste of the commaundements â–ª it is not right that you affyrmyng in plaine speeche that â—ure Cittie shoulde bee frée after the reâ—â—it of the pledges to appointe the ouerthrowe of Carthage it self If you thinke you may desiroy it how can you giue it libertie or to be of it selfe as you say This wée haue to saye of the former league and of that your selues haue donâ— If thys will not be accepted of you wée gyue ouer all and that which is onely lefte to men in miserye we flée to complainte and prayer Much prayer is requisite for the multitude of euills Wée béeseeche you for the auntient Citie inhabited by the Oracle of the Gods and for the great glorie that it had and the name that is spred ouer all the earth and for the holy things that be so manye in it and for the Goddes that haue not offended whose solemnities pompes and feastes do not spoile nor the sepultures and funeralls since none of the deade men haue done you anye iniurie If any pitie be in you saying you pitie vs if you suffer vs to haue dwelling place spare the place of publique assemblye spare the Countrey Ceremonies spare the God of Counsell and all other that to them that be aliue be fruiteful and honorable What néede you haue anye feare of Carthage when you haue oure Shippes armoure and our Elephantes that be enuied Touching our habitation if you wil so comfort vs is it impossible for men that haue liued in the sea to dwel in y maine land of them an infinite number doth occupy the sea We giue you a choice more for our contentation and your glorie Suffer the Cittie to stande â–ª that hathe hurte none of you and kill vs whom you woulde haue remoue So shall you séeme to be angry with men and not with holy things Gods and Sepulchres and the Cittie that hathe not offended You Romanes haue had regard of good fame and rightwisenesse in all your workes and you shewe modestie in prosperitie add this you vse toward all that you take Remembre Iupiter and the other Goddes that yet haue Carthage and doe not bring euills vppon you and youre children do not blotte your good fame first vppon vs nor deface youre glorye wyth suche an acte euill to be done and euill to bée hearde of and begon first of you afore all other lyuing There haue béene manye warres betwéene the Gretians and the Barbarians and manye béetwéene you Romanes and others yet was there neuer anye that defaced a Citye giuing their handes afore fight and deliuering theyr armour and children and if there be any hurte in the worlde to sufer it patiently Bringing to you the Goddes sworne the fortune of man and the moste fearfull Goddes of reuengeaunce to them that be in felicitie Wée beséeche you not to dishonoure your selues vpon our state that hath prospered neyther to bring youre felicitie into infamye giue vs leaue if you will not suffer vs to haue oure Cittie to sende Embassadoures againe to the Senate to make intercession You sée a little distance of time but bringing an heape of long torments in a shorte while for the duety of the thing to come For it is in youre power to doe what you will either nowe or shortly after Let pittie and humanitie be present with you This said Hanno The Consulls euidently séemed sad all the while he spake bycause they could graunt them nothing and
from the holy money wintered in Cappadocia Mithridates sent to Rome to the Senate to Sylla to coÌ„playne of Murenas doings who in y time passed the floud Aly that was great and theÌ„ very déepe bicause of y raine and spoiled 400. of Mithridates townes the king not yet méeting with him but loking for his Embassadors from Rome Hauing got a great bootie he went into Phrigia Cappadocia whither Calidius came to him from Rome touching Mithridates complayntes but brought him no decrée onely sayde vnto him in the midst of the hearers that y Senate coÌ„manded him to spare the king their confederate When he hadde said thus he was séene to speake to him alone And Murenas ceassed not of his inuasion but still molested y land of the king who euidently perceyuing that he was vsed as an enimie of the Romanes he bad Gordius to take the nigh townes He gathered many beastes of cariage munition priuate men and souldyours and camped at the floud ouer agaynst Murena Neither of them began y fight til Mithridates came with a great army then was there a mighty fight at the floud Mithridates by violence passed the floud being otherwise too good for Murena who fled the kings force into a strong hill and hauyng lost many departed by the mountaynes withoute anye way into Phrigia being followed oppressed This victory being euident quickly gotten was soone spred abroade and turned many to Mithridates He putting out Murenas garrisons of euery place with great spéede did make his sacrifice to Iupiter y warriour after y maner of his couÌ„trey in y top of an hil wher they make a great pile of wood to y which the kings bring the first stick Then they make another lesse in a circle Vpon the higher they put hony milke wine oyle all kind of perfumes they giue bread and meate of the best to them that be present And they make y pile after y fashioÌ„ of the Persian kings sacrifice in Rarsardis the which for the greatnes is euidently sene to many a thousand furlongs off and y one caÌ„ not come nigh the place many days after y aire is so hote This sacrifice did he make after the custome of hys countrey Sylla not coÌ„tent that Mithridates being in league should haue war made vpoÌ„ him sent Aulus Gabinius to coÌ„mand Murena not to molest Mithridates and that he should agrée Mithridates Ariobarzanes Mithridates at y méeting making sure a sonne of Ariobarzanes of .iiij. yeares of age and by y meane holding still that he had in Cappadocia getting more feasted all put gold in y cup and y meate for the iesters singers al other as his vse was of y which only Gabinius touched none Thus y second war of Mithridates did end at y thirde yeare Being now at quiet he subdued Bosphorus apointed theÌ„ his son Macharis for their king He inuaded the Acheans that be aboue Colchos which seme to be of them that fledde from Troy and lost theyr way and losing twoo partes of hys armie with fighte and colde and deceiptes he returned and sente to Rome to haue the league ratified Ariobarzanes sente also eyther of hymselfe or stirred of others that hée had not receyued Cappadocia but that Mithridates kepte yet the better parte from hym Sylla commaunded Mithridates to gyue place in Cappadocia and hée did so and sente other Embassadours for to haue the conditions of peace registred but Sylla being dead and the Senate not to be assembled bycause of the vacation he sent to Tigranes his sonne in law to inuade Cappadocia as of himself This cautele was not vnknowen to the Romanes The Armenian compassing Cappadies as with a neste ledde away thrée hundreth thousande men into Armenia and made them dwell with other at a place where he first toke the Crowne of Armenia and of hys name called it Tigranocertos whiche is the Citie of Tigranes And these were the doyngs in Asia Sertorius a Captayne in Spayne dyd stirre it and all the places about it against the Romanes and made a Senate of them that were with him for to counterfeyte the Romanes Two of his faction Lucius Manius and L. Fanius persuaded Mithridates to ioyne with Sertorius putting him in hope of a greate parte of Asia and the nations about him He being persuaded sent to Sertorius He ledde the Embassadoures into his Senate and made a glorious tale that his renoume spredde as farre as Pâ—ntus and that he beséeged the Romanes from the West to the East He couenanted to giue Mithridates Asia and Bithinia Paphlagonit and Cappadocia and Gallogrecia sent him a Captayne Marcius Varius and Lucius Manius and L. Fanius that were of that counsel With these dyd Mithridates begin the thrid and last war with the Romanes in the which he lost al his kingdome Sertorius being dead in Spayne and Generals sent from Rome first Lucullus that was admiral of Syllas Nauie then Pompey vnder whome all that Mithridates had and all that was nigh it to the floud Euphrates by the pretence violence of the war against Mithridates did fall to the Romanes Mithridates hauing proued so oft what the Romanes were and thinking that this war made without cause and of the sodaine would not be appeased made al the preparation that hee coulde as now to try the whole and the rest of the somer al y winter he made shippes and armoure he brought to the sea ij C. M. Medimnes of grayne and got confederates beside hys former power the Chalibyans the Armenians the Scythians the Taurians Achuians Heniochans Leucosyrians and all that inhabite about the floud Thermodon that was called the land of the Amazones These had he gotte in Asia to them he had before and going into Europe the Sarmatians Basileans Iazugeans and Coralleans and al the nations of the Thracians that inhabite aboute Hister Rodope and Aemos and the Basternans a most valiaunt people These hadde Mithridates in Europa he hadde gathered an hundreth and fortie thousande footemen and sixtéene thousande horsemen another great number of venturers piouers victualers When the Spring was come he viewed his nauy and sacrificed to Iupiter warriour the vsuall sacrifice and to Neptunus he did cast into the sea a Chariot of white horses and wente to Paphlagonia Taxilus and Eumocrates being his Generalls When he was come he made a solempne oration to the armye setting forth his progenitors and himselfe verye highly that he had enlarged his kingdome from little to great and was neuer ouercome of the Romanes being presente whome he accused for their ambition and vnsatiablenesse by the whiche said he they haue made Italy and their Countrey seruile He repeated the last conditions whiche they woulde not subscribe Séekyng tyme to inuade him againe and making this the cause of the warre hee extolled his power and prouisioÌ„ and shewed the Romanes troubles
being molested in Spayne by Sertorius and at home in Italie by ciuil warre Therefore saide he thorough their negligence the Sea hathe long tyme béene full of Pyrates Confederates haue they none nor willingly auye wil be vnder them Do you not sée these noble men sayde hée shewing Varius and the Lucians to be enimies to their Country and friends to vs When he had said thus and stirred his armye hée wente into Bythinia Nicomedes beyng dead without a chylde and leauyng his kingdome to the Romanes And Cotta that was presidēt there a man of litle skill in warre fledde to Calchida with his power and Bithynia was agayne vnder Mithridates all the Romanes fléeing to Cotta into Calchide And Mithridates comming thither Cotta for lacke of experience came not foorth Nudus his admirall with part of the army tooke the stronger parte of the fielde from the whiche beyng driuen hée fled to the gates of Chalcide by many hedges with great paine At the gate there was great thrust of them that would get in so as no darte was caste in vayne of them that folowed Wherefore the kéepers beyng afrayde of the gates they let the barres fall from the tower and tooke vp Nudus and other Capitaynes by ropes The other did perishe betwéene their fréendes and their enimies holdyng vp their hāds to the other Mithridates vsing the course of good fortune brought his shippes that day to the porte and breakyng the barre that was of yron he burned foure of the enimies shippes and tooke the other thrée score neyther Cotta nor Nudus resistyng kéepyng thēelues within the walles Thrée thousand were slayne of the Romanes Lucius Manlius a Senatour Mithridates loste twentie of the Basternians that first wente into the porte L. Lucullus beyng Consull and chosen generall of this warre brought one legion from Rome and had two of Fimbrias and beside them two more hauing in all thirtie thousand footemen and sixtene hundred horsemen and encamped agaynst Mithridates at Cyzico And vnderstandyng by the fugitiues that the king had thrée thousande men and his victuals brought by the foragers and from the sea he sayde to them that were aboute him that he would take his enimies without any payne and bad them remember it He espied an hill very fitte for his campe from the which he might get forage and kéepe it from his enimie He entended to get it as by it to winne victorie without daunger Beyng but one way very straight to it Mithridates kepte it with strength For so did Taxiles the other Capitaynes aduise him Lucius Manius that came frō Sertorius and made league with Mithridates Sertorius being now dead reuolted secretly to Lucullus sayth beyng receyued he perswaded Mithridates to lette the Romanes go and campe where they would for the two legions that were Fimbrias would straight reuolt and come to the kyng then what néede he vse force and slaughter when he might ouercome without fight Mithridates consenting to this very vnwisely and vncircumspectly suffered the Romanes to passe the streight without feare and to encampe at the hyll by hauyng of the whiche they might haue victuals behinde them brought without feare and Mithridates beyng shut with fennes hilles and floudes could haue none by lande but very litle neyther hauyng way to do it easily nor by force to compell Lucullus for the hardenesse of the passage whiche when he had in his power hée neglected winter beyng at hande the commyng of it by Sea woulde fayle Which when Lucullus perteyued hée put his fréendes in remembraunce of his promise and that hée spake to bée as it were performed Mithridates mighte then peraduenture haue passed thorough the middes of hys enimies with hys multitude but hée lette that passe also and gaue himselfe onely to the gettyng of Cyzico thynkyng by that to remedy bothe the wante and harde way and hauyng plentie of Souldiours wente aboute it by all meanes possible His nauie hée enclosed with a double wall and entrenched the rest of the Citie and set vp many rampiers and engines vpon them and towers and rammes couered and one called Helepolis of an hundred cubites vpon the which an other tower was set casting arrowes and stones diuerse weapons At the portes two Gallies ioyned togither bare an other tower from the which bridges were caste from the engine nigh the wall When all this was ready hée sente thrée prysoners to Cyzicus in shippes to the citie holding vp their hands and praying them to spare the people that were in daunger till Lisistratus their Captaune came to the walles and by a trumpette exhorted them to beare patiently their mischaunce When Mithridites was deceyued of this purpose hée brought the engine by shippes which threwe sodenly bridges vpon the wall and foure men ranne vpon them at the whiche the Cyzians amased for the straungers gaue place but no more commyng forth they tooke courage againe and killed those foure without and threwe fire and pitch vpon the shippes and made them tourne with theyr engine This at this enterprise of the sea the Cyzians had the better That day the third time he brought al his engines by lande at once they within labouring and putting them backe for all their violence The rammes they bet with stones or put them by with collats and brake their dint with peltes of wooll The fierie dartes they quenched with vineger and water and other with clothes cast against them or with sayles wrapped togither stopped the throwe They lefte nothing vndone that menne might doe and although they suffered all labour and resisted the euill yet at night parte of the wall was burned and fell but no manne durste enter for the heate and their Cyzianes made it vp again in the night And not long after a great storme of wind did breake the reste of the kings engines It is reade that this Cittie was in dowrie of Iupiter to Proserpine and the Cyziens honour hir most of all gods When their feast day came that they should sacrifice a blacke cowe they not hauing one made one of paaste when as a blacke cowe came to them by sea whyche going vnder the barre of the hauen ranne into the Cittie came to the temple and stoode at the aulter The which the Cyzians sacrificed with good hope Mithridates friendes counselled him to go from the Cittie being holy but he would not He went to Dindimus an high hill and made a trench from it to the Cittie and set it with towers and with mines digged the wall He sente hys horses leane for lacke of meate and lame for labour into Bythinia Lucullus mette with them as they wente to Rindacus and killed and toke many prisoners of men fiftéene M. of horses sixe thousand and many beasts of burden At this time Eumachus a Captaine of Mithridates ranne ouer Phrygia and slewe the Romanes both women and children then he inuaded Pisidus and