Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	begin_v	great_a	king_n	1,466	5	3.5201	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16718	Enquiries touching the diuersity of languages, and religions through the cheife parts of the world. Written by Edw. Brerewood lately professor of astronomy in Gresham Colledge in London	Brerewood, Edward, 1565?-1613.; Brerewood, Robert, Sir, 1588-1654.	1614 (1614)	STC 3618; ESTC S106411	137,209	224

part of Afrique adioyning to Aegypt was full of Greeke Citties These were the places where the Greeke tongue was natiuely and vulgarly spoken Hieroni● Loco supra citato either originally or by reason of Colonies But yet for other causes it became much more large and generall One was the loue of Philosophie and the liberall arts written in a manner onely in Greeke Another the exceeding great trade and traffique of Grecians in which aboue all nations except perhaps the old Phenicians to whom yet they seeme not to haue beene inferior they imployed themselues A third beyond all these because those great Princes among whom al that Alexander the Great had conquered was diuided were Grecians which for manie reasons could not but exceedingly spreade the Greeke tongue in all those parts where they were Gouernors among whom euen one alone Seleucus by name is registred by Appian to haue founded in the East parts vnder his gouernement Appian L. de Bel●s Syriac at least 60 Citties al of them carrying Greeke names or else named after his father his wiues or himselfe And yet was there a fourth cause that in the after time greatly furthered this inlargement of the Greeke tongue namely the imployment of Grecians in the gouerment of the prouinces after the translation of the Imperiall seate to Constantinople For these causes I say together with the mixture of Greeke Colonies dispersed in many places in which fruitfulnesse of Colonies the Grecians far passed the Romanes the Greeke tongue spred very farre especially towards the East In so much that all the Orient which yet must be vnderstoode with limitation namely the Orientall part of the Romane Empire or to speake in the phrase of those times the dioces of the Orient which contained Syria Palestine Cilicia and part of Mesopotaneia and of Arabia is said by Hierome Hieror bisuper to haue spoken Greeke which also Isidore specially obserueth in Aegypt and Syria to haue beene the Dorique dialect I●●dor Origin L. 9 C. 1. And this great glory the Greeke tongue held in the Apostles time and long after in the Easterne parts till by the inundation of the Saracens of Arabia it came to ruine in those prouinces about 640 yeares after the birth of our Sauiour namely in the time of the Emperour Heraclius the Arabians bringing in their language together with their victories into all the regions they subdued euen as the Latine tongue is supposed to haue perished by the inundation and mixture of the Gothes and other barbarous nations in the West Of the Decaying of the ancient Greeke tongue and of the present vulgar Greeke CHAP. 2. BVt at this day the Greeke tongue is very much decayed not onely as touching the largenesse and vulgarnesse of it but also in the purenesse and elegancy of the language For as touching the former First in Italie Fraunce and other places to the West the naturall languages of the countries haue vsurped vpon it Secondly in the skirts of Greece it selfe namely in Epirus and that part of Macedon that lieth towards the Adriatique sea the Sclauonique tongue hath extinguished it Thirdly in Anatolia the Turkish tongue hath for a great part suppressed it And Lastly in the more Eastward and South parts as in that part of Cilicia that is beyond the riuer Piramus in Siria Palestine Aegypt and Libia the Arabian tongue hath abolished it Abolished it I say namely as touching any vulgar vse for as touching Ecclesiasticall vse many Christians of those parts still retaine it in their Leiturgies So that the parts in which the Greeke tongue is spoken at this day are in few words but these First Greece it selfe excepting Epirus and the West part of Macedon Secondly the Isles of the Aegaean sea Thirdly Candie the Isles Eastward of Candie along the coast of Asia to Cyprus although in Cyprus diuers other languages are spoken beside the Greeke and likewise the Isles Westward of Candia along the Coastes of Greece and Epirus to Corfu And Lastly a good part of Anatolia But as I said the Greeke tongue is not onely thus restrained in comparison of the ancient extention that it had but it is also much degenerated and impaired as touching the purenesse of speech being ouergrowne with barbarousnesse But yet not without some rellish of the ancient elegancie Neither is it altogether so much declined from the antient Greeke Bellon Obseruat L. 1. c. 3 Turcogroec L. 3. 5. as the Italian is departed from the Latine as Bellonius hath also obserued and by conferring of diuers Epistles of the present language which you may finde in Crusius his Turcograecia with the ancient tongue may be put out of question which corruption yet certainely hath not befallen that language through any inundation of barbarous people as is supposed to haue altered the Latine tongue for although I know Greece to haue beene ouerrunne wasted by the Gothes yet I finde not in histories any remembrance of their habitation or long continuance in Greece of their coalition into one people with the Grecians without which I conceaue not how the tongue could be greatly altered by them And yet certaine it is that long before the Turkes came among them their language was growne to the corruption wherein now it is for that in the writings of Cedrenus Nicetas and some other late Greekes although long before the Turkes inuasion there is found notwithstanding they were learned men a strong rellish of this barbarousnesse Insomuch that the learned Grecians themselues Ge●●ach in epist ad Crusi●m TurcoGrae● L. 7. pag. 489. acknowledge it to bee very ancient and are vtterly ignorant when it began in their language which is to me a certaine argument that it had no violent nor sodaine beginning by the mixture of other forrain nations among thē but hath gotten into their language by the ordinarie change which time and many common occasions that attend on time are wont to bring to all languages in the world for which reason the corruption of speech growing vpon them by little and little the change hath beene vnsensible Yet it cannot be denied and * ● Zygomalos in Epist. ad Cius Turcog pag. some of the Grecians themselues confesse so much that beside many Romane words which from the translation of the imperiall seate to Constantinople began to creepe into their language as we may obserue in diuers Greeke writers of good antiquitie some Italian words also and Slauonian and Arabique and Turkish and of other nations are gotten into their language by reason of the great traffique and commerce which those people exercise with the Grecians For which cause as Bellonius hath obserued Bello● Obseruat L. 1. C 3. it is more altered in the maritime parts and such other places of foraigne concourse then in the inner region But yet the greatest part of the corruption of that language hath beene bred at home and proceeded from no other cause then their owne

had full possession of the city and presently fourteene Ministers of the Gospell in one day were by force and violence thence eiected But the condition of the Protestants residing amongst the Cantons of Heluetia and their confederates the city of Geneua the towne of S. Gall the Grisons Valesians or seuen communities vnder the Bishop of Sedune is a great deale more happie and setled in so much that they are two third parts hauing the publique and free practise of Religion for howsoeuer of the 13. Cantons onely these fiue b Thesaur Pol. Apot. 49. Zuricke Schaf●use Glarona Basile Abatistella are entirely Protestant yet these in strength and amplenesse of territory much exceede the other seuen and hence Zuricke the chiefe of the fiue in all publicke meetings and Embassages hath the first place Already then we find the state of Orthodox professors of the Gospell to be such that we neede not complaine of their paucitie and if wee further proceede to view the many regions of the Empire we shall haue cause to magnifie the goodnesse of God for their multitudes The whole Empire excluding Bohemia and Austria because the King of the one is rather an Arbiter in the election of the Emperour then an Elector in this sole case giuing his voice when the other six Electors are equally diuided and the Archduke of the other hath onely a kind of extraordinary place in the Dyet amongst the Ecclesiasticall Princes as sometimes the Duke of Loraine had consisteth of three Orders or States the Princes Ecclesiasticall the Princes Temporall and the free Cities The last of these before some of them come to be possessed by the French Polonian Heluetians and others were in number about a Liberae ciuitates quae non alium principē praeter Imperatorē agnoscunt suis vtuntur quaeque legibus olim erant 88. lam vero pauc●o res sunt alijs a Galliarū Poloniae Regibus alijs occupatis Thes. polit apot 6. 88. and although in regard of this multitude at this present they are much diminished yet the remainders of them are so potent that a few of them termed the Hanse-Citties seated in the Notherne part of Germany inclusiuely betweene Dantisck eastward Hamburg westward and ioyned in an offensiue and defensiue league haue been able to make good their opposition against some mightie neighbour Princes infringing immunities These with the rest of the b Protestantiū partes sequuntur liberae Ciuitates seculares Principes ferē omnes Catholico●um à secularibus Principes pauci v● 〈◊〉 Cl●●●nsis Thesaur Pol. Apot 6. Free Citties which are of some number and strength doe all in a manner either in whole or part for in some of them as in Ratisbone Argentine Augusta Spire Wormes Francfort vpon Moen both Papists and Protestants make publique profession embrace the sincere doctrine of the Gospell And if wee passe ouer the Ecclesiasticall Princes who excepting the three Electour Ar●hbishops of Colen Mentz and Triuers the Archbishops of Wer●zburg and Saltsburg and some elect Bishops or Administrators of bishopricks being laymen and of the reformed Religion are of small power all the Princes Temporall of the Empire none of note excepted besides the Duke of Bauaria are firmely Protestantes Now what the multitudes of subiects are professing the same faith with these Princes we may guesse by the amplenes of the dominions vnder the gouernmēt of such only as for their cōmands are chiefe and most eminent amongst them As of the Prince Elector Palatine the Duke of Saxonie the Marquesse of Brandeburge the Duke of Wirtenburg Landgraue of Hesse Marquesse of Baden Prince of Anhalt Dukes of Brunswicke Holst Luenburg Meckleburge Pomerane Sweyburge Nauburge amongst whom the Marquesse of Brandeburge hath for his Dominion not only the Marchasate it selfe contayning in circuit about 520. miles furnished with fiftie cities and about threescore other walled Townes but likewise part of Prussia for which he is feudatarie vnto the king of Poland the Region of Prignitz the Dukedome of Crossen the Signories of Sternberg and Cotbus the Countie of Rapin and lately the three Dukedomes of Cleue Gulick and Berg of which the two former haue either of them in circuit 130. miles Neare adioyning vnto these three last Dukedomes are those Prouinces of the low Countries gouerned by the States namely Zutphen Vtrech Oberyssel Groningham Holland Zeland West-frizland in which onely Protestants haue the publicke for otherwise Arrians Anabaptists Socinians are here priuately tolerated and free exercise of their Religion as also in the neighbour dominion of the Earle of East Freezland But to passe from these vnited Prouinces vnder the States vnto France in this mighty kingdome those as they usually stile them of the Religion besides the Castels and fortes that doe belong in propertie vnto the Duke of Bullen the Duke of Rohan Count of Laual the Duke of Trimouile Mounsieur Chastillion the Mareshall of Digners the Duke of Sully and others are seased of above 70. Townes hauing Garrisons of souldiers gouerned by Nobles and Gentlemen of the Religion they haue 800. Ministers receiuing pensions out of the publicke Finance and are so dispersed through the chiefe prouinces of the kingdome that in the Principalitie of Orange Poincton almost all the Inhabitants in Gasconynie halfe in Languedoc Normandie and other westerne Prouinces a strong partie professe the Euangelicall trueth Which multitudes although they are but small and as it were an handfull in comparison of all bearing the names of Papists throughout the spacious continent of France yet in regard of such as are entirely Popish they haue some proportion For to omitte a great part of French Papists who in heart beleeue the sincerity of the Gospell but dare not make profession thereof for worldly respects as to obtaine great Offices to auoide penalties and iniustice in their litigious suites almost all the lawyers a Vide instruct Missin's des Roys Tres ch●s●●ns ●eleurs Ambassadeu●s concernant le Councile de Trent Bor●ellum l. 4 de decret Ecclesiae Gallicae ● ti 21.22 Dua reuam li. 2 de benefi cap. 10 11. ● 5 cap. 11. and learned sort who no doubt haue many adherents of lesse knowledge hold That the Bishop of Rome was aunciently the first and chiefest Bishop according to the dignity of precedencie and order not by any diuine Institution but because Rome was the chiefe Citty of the Empire That he obtained his primacy ouer the Westerne Church by the guift and clemency of Pipine Charles the great and other Kings of France and hath no power to dispose of Temporall things That it belongeth to Christian Kings and Princes to call Ecclesiasticall Synods and to establish their decrees to make Ecclesiasticall lawes for the good of the Church reforme the abuses therein and to haue the same power and authority ouer sacred persons in causes Ecclesiasticall as was exercised by Iosias and Constantine the Great who said he was a Bishop ouer the outward things of the Church

and perfect coalition into one with the Italian people yet certainly the Italian tongue was more ancient then so for besides that there remains yet to be seen as mē * Lips de Pronuntiat Ling. lat cap. 3. Merul. par 2. Cosmogr l. 4. c. 18. worthie of credit report in the K. of Fraunce his Librarie at Paris an Instrument written in the Italian tongue in the time of Iustinian the first which was before the comming of the Langbards into Italie another euidence more vulgar to this effect is to be found in Paulus Diaconus his miscellane history Paul Diacon hist. Miscel. l. 17. longe ante med where we read that in the Emperour Mauritius his time about the yeare 590 when the Langbards had indeed entred and wasted Gallia Cisalpina but had not inuaded the Roman dition in Italie that by the acclamation of the word Torna Torna plaine Italian which a Roman souldier spake to one of his fellowes afore whose beast had ouerturned his burthen the whole armie marching in the darke began to crie out torna torna and so fell to flying away But the French tongue if that afore mentioned were the cause of it began a little before in the time of Valentinian the 3 when in a maner all the West part of the Empire fell away and among the rest our Country of England being first forsaken of the Romans themselues by reason of grieuous warres at their owne doores and not long after conquered and possessed by the Saxons whose posteritie for the most part we are namely about the yeare 450 Fraunce being then subdued and peaceably possessed by the Franks and Burgundions nations of Germanie the Burgundions occupying the Eastward and outward parts of it toward the riuer of Rhene and the Franks all the inner region For although Fraunce before that had beene inuaded by the Wandali Sueui and Alani and after by the Gothes who hauing obtained Aquitayn for their seate and habitation by the grant of the Emperor Honorius expelled the former into Spaine about An. 410 yet notwithstanding till the Conquest made by the Franks and Burgundions it was not generally nor for any long time mingled with strangers which after that Conquest beganne to spread ouer Fraunce and to become natiue Inhabitants of the Country But of all the Spanish tongue for this cause must necessarilie be most ancient for the Wandali Alani being expelled Fraunce about the yeare 410 began then to inuade and to inhabite Spaine which they held possessed many yeares till the Gothes being expelled by the Franks and Burgundians out of France into Spaine expelled them out of Spaine into Afrique the Barbarous nations thus like nailes driuing out one another and not onely them but with them all the remnants of the Roman garrisons and gouernment and so becomming the entier Lords and quiet possessours of all the Country from whom also the Kings of Spaine that now are be descended Notwithstanding euen they also within lesse then 300 yeares after were driuen by the Saracens of Afrique into the northerne and mountainous parts of Spaine namely Asturia Biscay and Guipuscoa till after a long course of time by little and little they recouered it out of their hands againe which was at last fully accomplished by Ferdinand not past 120 yeares ago there hauing passed in the meane time from the Mores first entrance of Spaine at Gibraltar till their laft possession in Granada about 770 yeares Whereby you may see also when the Romane tongue began to degenerate in Afrique if that also as is supposed spake vulgarly the Latine tongue and if the mixture of barbarous people were cause of the decay corruption of it namely about the yeare 430 for about that time the Wandali and Alani partly wearied with the Gottish warre in Spaine and partly inuited by the Gouernour Bonifacius entred Afrique vnder the leading of Gensericus a part whereof for a time they held quietly for the Emperour Valentinianus guift But shortly after in the same Emperours time when all the West Prouinces in a maner fell vtterly away from the Empire they also tooke Carthage and all the Pronince about it from the Romanes And although the dominion of Afrique was regained by Bellisarius to the Empire almost 100 yeares after in Iustinians time yet in the time of the Emperour Leontius almost 700 yeares after our Sauiours birth it was lost againe being anew conquered and possessed by the Sarracens of Arabia and to this day remaineth in their hands bringing together with their victories the language also and religion Mahumetanisme into all that coast of Afrique euen from Aegypt to the Strait of Gibraltar aboue 2000 miles in length About which time also namely during the gouernment of Valentinian the 3. Bulgaria Seruia Boscina Hungarie Austria Stiria Carinthia Bauaria and Sueuia that is all the North-border of the Empire along the riuer Danubius and some part of Thrace was spoiled and possessed by the Hunnes who yet principally planted themselues in the Lower Pannonia whence it obtained the name of Hungarie Out of which discourse you may obserue these two points First what the Countries were in which those wandring and warring nations after many transmigrations from place to place fixed at last their finall residence and habitation Namely the Hunnes in Pannonia the Wandales in Afrique the East Gothes and Langbards in Italie the West Gothes in Aquitaine and Spaine which being both originally but one Nation gained these names of East and West Gothes from the position of these Countries which they conquered and inhabited the other barbarous nations of obscurer names being partly consumed with the warre and partly passing into the more famous appellations And Secondly you may obserue that the maine dissolution of the Empire especially in Europe and Afrique fell in the time of Valentinian the third about the yeare 450. being caused by the barbarous nations of the North as after did the like dissolution of the same Empire in Asia by the Arabians in the time of Heraclius about the yeare 640 and together with the ruine of the Empire in the West by the inundation of the foresaid barbarous Natitions the Latine tongue in all the Countries where it was vulgarly spoken if it were rightly spoken any where in the West became corrupted Wherefore if the Spanish French and Italian tongues proceeded from this cause as a great number of learned men suppose they did you see what the antiquity of them is But to deliuer plainly my opinion hauing searched as farre as I could into the originals of those languages and hauing pondered what in my reading and in my reason I found touching them I am of another minde as some learned men also are namely that all those tongues are more auncient and haue not sprung from the corruption of the Latine tongue by the inundation and mixture of barbarous people in these prouinces but from the first vnperfect impression and receauing of it in those forraine