xxxiiii_o ¶_o of_o the_o buff_n or_o tarandus_n the_o lycaon_n and_o the_o thos_n in_o scythia_n there_o be_v a_o beast_n call_v tarandus_n which_o change_v likewise_o colour_n as_o the_o chamaeleon_n and_o no_o other_o creature_n bear_v hair_n do_v the_o same_o unless_o it_o be_v the_o lycaon_n of_o india_n which_o by_o report_n have_v a_o mane_v neck_n as_o for_o the_o thoe_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o wolf_n somewhat_o long_a than_o the_o other_o common_a wolf_n and_o short_a legged_a quick_a and_o swift_a in_o leap_v live_v altogether_o of_o the_o venison_n that_o they_o hunt_v &_o take_v without_o do_v any_o harm_n at_o all_o to_o man_n they_o may_v be_v say_v not_o so_o much_o to_o change_v their_o hue_n as_o their_o habit_n and_o apparel_n for_o all_o winter_n time_n they_o be_v shag-haired_a but_o in_o summer_n bare_a and_o naked_a the_o tarandus_n be_v as_o big_a as_o a_o ox_n with_o a_o head_n not_o unlike_a to_o a_o stag_n but_o that_o it_o be_v great_a namely_o carry_v branch_v horn_n cleave_v hoof_v and_o his_o hair_n as_o deep_a as_o be_v the_o bear_n the_o hide_n of_o his_o back_n be_v so_o tough_a and_o hard_a that_o thereof_o they_o make_v brest-plate_n he_o take_v the_o colour_n of_o all_o tree_n shrub_n plant_n flower_n and_o place_n wherein_o he_o lie_v when_o he_o retire_v for_o fear_n and_o therefore_o seldom_o be_v he_o catch_v but_o when_o he_o list_v to_o look_v like_o himself_o and_o be_v in_o his_o own_o colour_n he_o resemble_v a_o ass_n to_o conclude_v strange_a it_o be_v that_o the_o bare_a body_n of_o a_o beast_n shall_v alter_v into_o so_o many_o colour_n but_o much_o more_o strange_a it_o be_v and_o wonderful_a that_o the_o hair_n also_o shall_v so_o change_v chap._n xxxv_o ¶_o of_o the_o porkpen_n the_o porkpen_v come_v out_o of_o india_n and_o africa_n a_o kind_n of_o urchin_n or_o hedgehog_n they_o be_v arm_v with_o prick_n they_o be_v both_o but_o the_o porkpen_n have_v the_o long_a sharp_a point_a quill_n and_o those_o when_o he_o stretch_v his_o skin_n he_o send_v and_o shoot_v from_o he_o when_o the_o hound_n press_v hard_o upon_o he_o he_o fly_v from_o their_o mouth_n and_o then_o take_v vantage_n to_o lance_n at_o they_o somewhat_o far_o off_o in_o the_o winter_n he_o lie_v hide_v as_o the_o nature_n be_v of_o many_o beast_n to_o do_v and_o the_o bear_n above_o the_o rest_n chap._n xxxvi_o ¶_o of_o the_o bear_n and_o how_o they_o breed_v and_o bring_v forth_o their_o young_a they_o engender_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o winter_n not_o after_o the_o common_a manner_n of_o other_o fourfooted_a beast_n but_o lie_v both_o along_o clasp_v and_o embrace_v one_o another_o then_o they_o go_v apart_o into_o their_o den_n and_o cave_n where_o the_o she_o bear_v thirty_o day_n after_o be_v discharge_v of_o her_o burden_n and_o bring_v forth_o common_o five_o whelp_n at_o a_o time_n at_o the_o first_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o lump_n of_o white_a flesh_n without_o all_o form_n little_o big_a than_o ratton_n without_o eye_n &_o want_v hair_n only_o there_o be_v some_o show_n and_o appearance_n of_o claw_n that_o put_v forth_o this_o rude_a lump_n with_o lick_v they_o fashion_n by_o little_a &_o little_a into_o some_o shape_n &_o nothing_o be_v more_o rare_a to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o world_n than_o a_o she_o bear_v bring_v forth_o her_o young_a and_o this_o be_v one_o cause_n that_o the_o male_a bear_n be_v not_o to_o be_v see_v in_o 40_o day_n nor_o the_o female_a for_o 4_o month_n if_o they_o have_v no_o hole_n and_o den_n for_o the_o purpose_n they_o build_v themselves_o cabin_n of_o wood_n gather_v together_o a_o deal_n of_o bough_n &_o bush_n which_o they_o couch_v and_o lay_v artificial_o together_o to_o bear_v off_o any_o shower_n so_o as_o no_o rain_n be_v able_a to_o enter_v and_o those_o they_o strew_v upon_o the_o floor_n with_o as_o soft_a leaf_n as_o they_o can_v meet_v withal_o for_o the_o first_o 14_o day_n after_o they_o have_v take_v up_o their_o lodging_n in_o this_o manner_n they_o sleep_v so_o sound_o that_o they_o can_v possible_o be_v waken_v if_o a_o man_n shall_v lay_v on_o and_o wound_v they_o in_o this_o drowsiness_n of_o they_o they_o grow_v wondrous_a fat_a this_o their_o grease_n and_o fat_a thus_o get_v be_v it_o that_o be_v so_o medicineable_a and_o good_a for_o those_o that_o shed_v their_o hair_n these_o 14_o day_n once_o past_a they_o sit_v upon_o their_o rump_n or_o buttock_n and_o fall_v to_o suck_v of_o their_o fore-feet_n and_o this_o be_v all_o their_o food_n whereof_o they_o live_v for_o the_o time_n their_o young_a whelp_n when_o they_o be_v stark_o and_o stiff_o for_o cold_a they_o huggle_v in_o their_o bosom_n and_o keep_v close_o to_o their_o warm_a breast_n much_o like_a to_o bird_n that_o sit_v upon_o their_o egg_n a_o strange_a and_o wonderful_a thing_n it_o be_v to_o be_v tell_v and_o yet_o theophrastus_n believe_v it_o that_o if_o a_o man_n take_v bear_v flesh_n during_o those_o day_n and_o see_v or_o bake_v the_o same_o if_o it_o be_v set_v up_o and_o keep_v safe_a it_o will_v grow_v nevertheless_o all_o this_o time_n they_o dung_n not_o neither_o do_v there_o appear_v any_o token_n or_o excrement_n of_o meat_n that_o they_o have_v eat_v and_o very_o little_a water_n or_o aquositie_n it_o find_v within_o their_o belly_n as_o for_o blood_n some_o few_o small_a drop_n lie_v about_o the_o heart_n only_o and_o none_o at_o all_o in_o the_o whole_a body_n beside_o now_o when_o spring_n be_v come_v forth_o they_o go_v out_o of_o their_o den_n but_o by_o that_o time_n the_o male_n be_v exceed_v overgrow_v with_o fat_a and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o can_v be_v ready_o render_v for_o as_o we_o say_v before_o they_o have_v no_o more_o but_o that_o fortnight_n sleep_n to_o fat_v they_o withal_o be_v now_o get_v abroad_o the_o first_o thing_n that_o they_o do_v be_v to_o devour_v a_o certain_a herb_n name_v aron_n i_o wake-robin_n and_o that_o they_o do_v to_o open_v their_o gut_n which_o otherwise_o be_v clunge_v and_o grow_v together_o and_o for_o to_o prepare_v their_o mouth_n and_o tooth_n again_o to_o eat_v they_o whet_v and_o set_v the_o edge_n of_o they_o with_o the_o young_a shoot_n and_o tendron_n of_o the_o brier_n and_o bramble_n subject_a they_o be_v many_o time_n to_o dimness_n of_o sight_n for_o which_o cause_n especial_o they_o seek_v after_o honey_n comb_n that_o the_o bee_n may_v settle_v upon_o they_o and_o with_o their_o sting_n make_v they_o bleed_v about_o the_o head_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n discharge_v they_o of_o that_o heaviness_n which_o trouble_v their_o eye_n the_o lion_n be_v not_o so_o strong_a in_o the_o head_n but_o bear_v be_v as_o weak_a and_o tender_a there_o and_o therefore_o when_o they_o be_v chase_v hard_o by_o hunter_n &_o put_v to_o a_o plunge_n ready_a to_o cast_v themselves_o headlong_o from_o a_o rock_n they_o cover_v and_o arm_v their_o head_n with_o their_o fore-feet_n and_o paw_n as_o it_o be_v with_o hand_n and_o so_o jump_v down_o yea_o and_o many_o time_n when_o they_o be_v bait_v in_o the_o open_a shewplace_n we_o have_v know_v they_o lay_v streak_v for_o dead_a with_o one_o cuff_n or_o box_n of_o the_o ear_n give_v they_o with_o a_o man_n fist_n in_o spain_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o certain_a that_o in_o their_o brain_n there_o be_v a_o venomous_a quality_n and_o if_o it_o be_v take_v in_o drink_n drive_v man_n into_o a_o kind_n of_o madness_n so_o as_o they_o will_v rage_v as_o if_o they_o be_v bear_n in_o token_n whereof_o whensoever_o any_o of_o they_o be_v kill_v with_o bait_v they_o make_v sure_a work_n and_o burn_v their_o head_n all_o whole_a when_o they_o list_v they_o will_v go_v on_o their_o two_o hinder_a foot_n upright_o they_o creep_v down_o from_o tree_n backward_o when_o they_o fight_v with_o bull_n their_o manner_n be_v to_o hang_v with_o all_o their_o four_o foot_n about_o their_o head_n and_o horn_n and_o so_o with_o the_o very_a weight_n of_o their_o body_n weary_v they_o there_o be_v not_o a_o live_a creature_n more_o crafty_a and_o foolish_a withal_o when_o it_o do_v a_o shrewd_a turn_n we_o find_v it_o record_v in_o the_o annal_n of_o the_o roman_n that_o when_o m._n piso_n and_o m._n messala_n be_v consul_n domitius_n aenobarbus_n and_o aedile_n curule_n upon_o the_o 14_o day_n before_o the_o calends_n of_o october_n exhibit_v 100_o numidian_a bear_n to_o be_v bait_v &_o chase_v in_o the_o great_a cirque_fw-la and_o as_o many_o aethiopian_a hunter_n and_o i_o marvel_v much_o that_o the_o chronicle_n name_v numidian_a since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o no_o bâ—…rs_n come_v out_o of_o africa_n chap._n xxxvii_o ¶_o of_o the_o rat_n of_o
both_o kind_n and_o not_o accompany_v together_o unless_o they_o taste_v the_o milk_n and_o suck_v the_o damn_n when_o they_o be_v young_a of_o that_o kind_n which_o they_o will_v cover_v and_o for_o this_o purpose_n they_o use_v to_o steal_v away_o either_o the_o young_a ass_n fole_n and_o set_v they_o in_o the_o dark_a to_o the_o teat_n of_o the_o mare_n or_o else_o the_o young_a colt_n to_o suck_v of_o the_o she_o ass_n for_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o mule_n also_o that_o come_v of_o a_o stone_n horse_n and_o a_o female_a ass_n but_o of_o all_o other_o they_o be_v untoward_a and_o unruly_a and_o so_o slow_a withal_o that_o it_o be_v unpossible_a to_o bring_v they_o to_o any_o good_a service_n and_o much_o more_o as_o all_o thing_n else_o if_o they_o be_v far_o in_o age_n when_o they_o engender_v if_o when_o a_o she_o ass_n have_v take_v the_o horse_n and_o be_v speed_v there_o come_v a_o ass_n and_o cover_v she_o again_o she_o will_v cast_v her_o fruit_n untimely_a and_o lose_v all_o but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o if_o a_o horse_n cover_v she_o after_o a_o ass_n it_o be_v note_v &_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o seven_o day_n after_o a_o ass_n have_v fole_v be_v the_o best_a time_n to_o put_v the_o male_a unto_o she_o and_o then_o soon_a will_n she_o be_v speed_v as_o also_o that_o the_o he_o ass_n be_v weary_a with_o travail_n will_v better_o cover_v the_o female_n than_o otherwise_o be_v resty_a that_o ass_n be_v hold_v for_o barren_a which_o be_v not_o cover_v nor_o conceive_v before_o she_o have_v cast_v her_o suck_a or_o fole_n tooth_n whereby_o the_o age_n be_v know_v as_o also_o she_o that_o stand_v not_o to_o the_o first_o cover_n but_o lose_v it_o in_o old_a time_n they_o use_v to_o call_v those_o hinuli_fw-la which_o be_v beget_v between_o a_o horse_n and_o a_o ass_n and_o contrariwise_o mule_n such_o as_o be_v engender_v of_o a_o ass_n and_o a_o mare_n moreover_o this_o be_v observe_v that_o if_o two_o beast_n of_o diverse_a kind_n engender_v they_o bring_v forth_o one_o of_o a_o three_o sort_n and_o resemble_v none_o of_o the_o parent_n also_o that_o such_o beget_v in_o this_o manner_n what_o kind_n of_o creature_n soever_o they_o be_v be_v themselves_o barren_a and_o fruitless_a unable_a either_o to_o bear_v or_o beget_v young_a and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o she_o mule_n never_o breed_v we_o find_v very_o in_o our_o chronicle_n that_o oft_o time_n mule_n bring_v forth_o young_a fole_n but_o it_o be_v always_o take_v for_o a_o monstrous_a and_o prodigious_a sign_n and_o yet_o theophrastus_n say_v that_o in_o cappadocia_n ordinary_o they_o do_v bear_v and_o bring_v forth_o fole_n but_o they_o be_v a_o kind_n by_o themselves_o mule_n be_v break_v of_o their_o fling_n and_o wince_a if_o they_o use_v often_o to_o drink_v wine_n it_o be_v find_v write_v in_o many_o greek_a author_n that_o if_o a_o he_o mule_n cover_v a_o mare_n there_o be_v engender_v that_o which_o the_o latin_n call_v hinnus_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o little_a mule_n between_o mare_n and_o wild_a ass_n make_v tame_a there_o be_v engender_v a_o kind_n of_o mule_n very_o swift_a in_o run_v and_o exceed_v hard_o hoof_v lank_a and_o slender_a of_o body_n but_o fierce_a and_o courageous_a and_o unneath_o or_o hardly_o to_o be_v break_v but_o the_o mule_n that_o come_v of_o a_o wild_a ass_n and_o a_o female_a tame_a ass_n pass_v all_o the_o rest_n as_o for_o wild_a ass_n the_o very_o best_a &_o flower_n of_o they_o be_v in_o phrygia_n and_o lycaonia_n in_o africa_n the_o flesh_n of_o their_o fole_n be_v hold_v for_o excellent_a good_a meat_n and_o such_o they_o call_v lalisiones_fw-la it_o appear_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o athens_n that_o a_o mule_n live_v 80_o year_n and_o report_v thus_o much_o there_o be_v of_o it_o that_o when_o they_o build_v the_o temple_n within_o the_o citadel_n thereof_o this_o old_a mule_n be_v for_o age_n able_a to_o do_v nothing_o else_o will_v yet_o accompany_v other_o mule_n that_o labour_v and_o carry_v stone_n thither_o and_o if_o any_o be_v ready_a to_o fall_v under_o their_o load_n will_v seem_v to_o relieve_v and_o hold_v they_o up_o and_o as_o it_o be_v encourage_v they_o to_o his_o power_n insomuch_o as_o the_o people_n take_v so_o great_a delight_n and_o pleasure_n therein_o that_o they_o make_v a_o decree_n and_o take_v order_n that_o no_o corn-master_n that_o buy_v and_o sell_v grain_n shall_v beat_v this_o mule_n from_o their_o range_a sive_n when_o they_o cleanse_v or_o winnow_v their_o corn_n but_o that_o he_o may_v eat_v under_o they_o chap._n xlv_o ¶_o of_o bull_n cow_n and_o oxen._n the_o boeuf_n of_o india_n be_v as_o high_a by_o report_n as_o camel_n and_o four_o foot_n broad_a they_o be_v betwixt_o the_o horn_n in_o our_o part_n of_o the_o world_n those_o that_o come_v out_o of_o epirus_n be_v most_o commend_v and_o bear_v the_o great_a price_n above_o all_o other_o and_o namely_o those_o which_o they_o say_v be_v of_o the_o race_n &_o breed_v of_o king_n pyrrhus_n who_o that_o way_n be_v very_o curious_a for_o this_o prince_n because_o he_o will_v have_v a_o principal_a good_a breed_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o bull_n to_o come_v unto_o the_o cow_n and_o season_n they_o before_o they_o be_v both_o four_o year_n old_a mighty_a big_a they_o be_v therefore_o and_o so_o they_o continue_v of_o that_o kind_n unto_o this_o day_n how_o beit_n now_o when_o they_o be_v but_o heifer_n of_o one_o year_n or_o two_o year_n at_o the_o most_o which_o be_v more_o tolerable_a they_o be_v let_v go_v to_o the_o fellow_n and_o breed_v bull_n may_v well_o engender_v and_o serve_v cow_n when_o they_o be_v 4_o year_n old_a and_o one_o of_o they_o be_v able_a all_o the_o year_n long_o to_o go_v with_o ten_o cow_n and_o serve_v their_o turn_n they_o say_v moreover_o that_o a_o bull_n after_o he_o have_v leap_v a_o cow_n and_o do_v his_o kind_n if_o he_o go_v his_o way_n towards_o the_o right_a hand_n he_o have_v get_v a_o ox_n calf_n but_o contrariwise_o a_o cow_n calf_n if_o he_o take_v the_o left_a hand_n cow_n common_o take_v at_o their_o first_o season_v but_o if_o it_o chance_v that_o they_o miss_v and_o stand_v not_o to_o it_o the_o 20_o day_n after_o they_o seek_v the_o fellow_n and_o go_v a_o bull_n again_o in_o the_o ten_o month_n they_o calf_n and_o whatsoever_o fall_v before_o that_o term_n never_o prove_v nor_o come_v to_o good_a some_o write_v that_o they_o calf_n just_a upon_o the_o last_o day_n of_o the_o ten_o month_n complete_a seldom_o bring_v they_o forth_o two_o calf_n at_o a_o time_n their_o season_v time_n common_o continue_v 30_o day_n namely_o from_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o dolphin_n star_n unto_o the_o day_n before_o the_o nones_n of_o januarie_n howbeit_o some_o there_o be_v that_o go_v to_o fellow_n in_o autumn_n certes_o in_o those_o country_n where_o the_o people_n live_v altogether_o of_o milk_n they_o order_v the_o matter_n so_o that_o their_o cow_n calf_n at_o all_o time_n so_o as_o they_o be_v not_o without_o their_o food_n of_o fresh_a milk_n all_o the_o year_n long_o bull_n willing_o leap_v not_o above_o two_o cow_n at_o most_o in_o one_o day_n boeufe_n alone_o of_o all_o live_a creature_n can_v graze_v go_v backward_o and_o very_o among_o the_o gamarant_n they_o never_o feed_v otherwise_o cow_n live_v not_o above_o 15_o year_n at_o the_o utmost_a bull_n and_o ox_n come_v to_o 20_o they_o be_v at_o their_o â—…ll_a strength_n when_o they_o be_v 5_o year_n old_a it_o be_v say_v that_o they_o will_v grow_v fat_a if_o they_o be_v bathe_v with_o lot_n water_n or_o if_o a_o man_n slit_v their_o hide_n and_o with_o a_o reed_n or_o pipe_n blow_v wind_n between_o the_o flesh_n and_o the_o skin_n even_o into_o their_o entrails_n cow_n bull_n and_o ox_n be_v not_o to_o be_v despise_v as_o unkind_o although_o they_o look_v but_o ilfavored_o and_o be_v not_o so_o fair_a to_o the_o eye_n for_o in_o the_o alps_n the_o least_o of_o body_n be_v the_o best_a milch_n cow_n and_o the_o best_a labour_a ox_n be_v they_o which_o be_v yoke_v by_o the_o head_n and_o not_o the_o neck_n in_o syria_n they_o have_v no_o dewlap_n at_o all_o hang_n under_o the_o neck_n but_o bunch_n stand_v up_o on_o their_o back_n in_o stead_n thereof_o they_o of_o caria_n also_o a_o country_n of_o asia_n be_v ill-favoured_a to_o sight_n have_v between_o their_o neck_n and_o shoulder_n a_o tumour_n or_o swell_a hang_v over_o beside_o their_o horn_n be_v loose_a and_o as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o joint_n and_o yet_o by_o report_n they_o be_v pass_v good_a of_o deed_n and_o labour_v most_o stout_o furthermore_o it_o be_v general_o hold_v
cavallerie_n change_v the_o gift_n and_o reward_n represent_v unto_o valiant_a soldier_n for_o their_o brave_a service_n and_o at_o what_o time_n coronet_n of_o gold_n be_v see_v the_o chamber_n of_o the_o foresay_a judge_n consist_v of_o diverse_a estate_n and_o degree_n distinguish_v all_o by_o several_a name_n for_o first_o and_o foremost_a there_o be_v of_o they_o call_v tribuni_fw-la aeris_fw-la as_o it_o be_v general_n receiver_n or_o treasurer_n second_o selecti_fw-la choose_v from_o among_o the_o senator_n and_o last_o of_o all_o those_o who_o simple_o be_v name_v judices_fw-la or_o judge_n take_v from_o among_o the_o knight_n or_o man_n of_o arm_n over_o and_o beside_o these_o they_o have_v other_o called_z nongenti_fw-la choice_a man_n select_v from_o out_o of_o all_o the_o estate_n who_o have_v the_o keep_n of_o those_o chist_n or_o casket_n wherein_o be_v put_v the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n in_o their_o solemn_a election_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o proud_a humour_n in_o man_n choose_v themselves_o name_n to_o their_o own_o like_n great_a division_n and_o faction_n arise_v in_o this_o house_n and_o chamber_n of_o the_o foresay_a judge_n while_o one_o will_v needs_o be_v call_v nongentus_fw-la another_o selectus_fw-la and_o a_o three_o glory_v in_o the_o title_n of_o tribune_n or_o receiver_n but_o at_o length_n in_o the_o nine_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n tiberius_n caesar_n the_o whole_a estate_n of_o the_o gentry_n or_o cavallerie_n of_o rome_n be_v reduce_v to_o a_o uniformity_n and_o a_o order_n be_v set_v down_o whereby_o it_o be_v know_v who_o may_v wear_v ring_n and_o who_o may_v not_o which_o fall_v out_o to_o be_v in_o that_o year_n when_o c._n asinius_n pollio_n and_o c._n antistius_n vetus_n be_v consul_n together_o and_o in_o the_o 775_o year_n alter_v the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n city_n and_o very_o this_o uniform_a regularity_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o trifle_a cause_n to_o speak_v of_o and_o whereat_o we_o may_v well_o marvel_v and_o thus_o stand_v the_o case_n c._n sulpitius_n galba_n desirous_a in_o his_o youth_n to_o win_v some_o credit_n with_o the_o foresay_a emperor_n tiberius_n and_o namely_o by_o devise_v mean_n how_o to_o bring_v taveâ—…_n cook_n shop_n and_o victual_v house_n in_o danger_n of_o the_o law_n and_o to_o forfeit_v penalty_n plead_v against_o 〈◊〉_d and_o complain_v before_o the_o senate_n that_o those_o who_o be_v the_o undertaker_n and_o tenant_n 〈◊〉_d â—…re_o of_o the_o foresay_a tavern_n etc._n etc._n and_o make_v their_o gain_n thereby_o have_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o bearâ—…â—…mselues_n out_o nor_o plea_n to_o defend_v their_o fault_n and_o disorder_n but_o their_o ring_n the_o senate_n take_v knowledge_n hereof_o ordain_v a_o act_n that_o none_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o wear_v the_o say_a ring_n unless_o he_o be_v free_a bear_v and_o that_o both_o himself_o his_o father_n and_o grand_a sire_n by_o the_o father_n side_n be_v assess_v in_o the_o censor_n book_n 400000_o sesterce_n and_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o law_n julia_n as_o touch_v the_o public_a theatre_n have_v right_a to_o sit_v and_o behold_v the_o play_n in_o the_o first_o and_o foremost_a 14_o rank_n or_o seat_n for_o knight_n appoint_v howbeit_o afterward_o every_o man_n labo_fw-la red_a and_o make_v mean_n one_o with_o another_o to_o be_v allow_v to_o wear_v this_o ornament_n of_o a_o ring_n now_o in_o regard_n of_o these_o disorder_n and_o variance_n above_o rehearse_v prince_n caius_n caligula_n the_o emperor_n adjoin_v to_o the_o former_a four_o a_o five_o decurie_n and_o short_o after_o man_n gtew_n to_o that_o height_n and_o pride_n in_o this_o behalf_n of_o wear_v ring_n and_o the_o company_n so_o surcrease_v that_o whereas_o in_o augustus_n caesar_n day_n there_o can_v not_o be_v find_v knight_n and_o gentleman_n sufficient_a throughout_o all_o rome_n to_o furnish_v those_o decuries_n by_o this_o time_n they_o can_v not_o be_v contain_v all_o within_o the_o chamber_n of_o judge_n or_o decuries_n abovesaid_a insomuch_o as_o now_o adays_o no_o soon_o be_v there_o any_o slave_n manumise_v and_o affranchise_v but_o present_o by_o their_o good_a will_n they_o must_v be_v at_o their_o ring_n a_o thing_n that_o never_o before_o be_v know_v in_o rome_n for_o aforetime_o when_o a_o man_n speak_v of_o the_o iron_n ring_n he_o be_v understand_v present_o to_o point_n at_o the_o gentleman_n and_o judge_n before_o name_v but_o the_o say_a ornament_n or_o badge_n become_v so_o common_o to_o be_v take_v up_o by_o one_o as_o well_o as_o another_o that_o a_o gentleman_n of_o rome_n flavius_n proculus_n by_o name_n indite_v 400_o at_o once_o before_o claudius_n caesar_n censor_n for_o the_o time_n be_v and_o declare_v against_o they_o for_o this_o abuse_n and_o offence_n see_v what_o inconvenience_n ensue_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o ring_n for_o while_o thereby_o a_o distinction_n be_v make_v between_o that_o degree_n &_o other_o freeborn_a citizen_n streightway_n base_a slave_n leap_v in_o and_o be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o take_v that_o ornament_n upon_o they_o and_o here_o by_o the_o way_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o two_o gracchi_n tiberius_n and_o caius_n brethren_z upon_o a_o certain_a desire_n and_o inbred_a affection_n that_o they_o have_v to_o maintain_v and_o nuzzle_v the_o people_n in_o sedition_n and_o to_o bear_v a_o side_n always_o against_o the_o senate_n for_o to_o curry_v favour_n with_o the_o commons_o and_o to_o do_v they_o a_o pleasure_n devise_v first_o to_o have_v all_o they_o call_v judge_n who_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o foresay_a statute_n or_o edict_n may_v wear_v ring_n and_o this_o he_o do_v to_o cross_v and_o beard_n the_o cause_n senat._n but_o after_o the_o fire_n of_o tbis_fw-la sedition_n be_v quench_v and_o the_o popular_a author_n thereof_o who_o stir_v &_o blow_v the_o coal_n be_v murder_v the_o denomination_n of_o these_o criminal_a judge_n after_o diverse_a trouble_n and_o sedition_n with_o variable_a and_o alternative_a fortune_n fall_v in_o the_o end_n to_o the_o publican_n and_o farmer_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o state_n and_o be_v thus_o devolue_v upon_o they_o there_o continue_v insomuch_o as_o for_o a_o good_a while_o the_o say_a publican_n make_v up_o the_o three_o degree_n between_o the_o senator_n and_o the_o commons_o howbeit_o m._n cicero_n when_o he_o be_v consul_n reestablish_v the_o knighthood_n &_o cavallerie_n of_o rome_n in_o their_o former_a estate_n and_o place_n and_o so_o far_o prevail_v that_o he_o reconcile_v they_o again_o unto_o the_o senate_n give_v out_o open_o that_o he_o himself_o be_v come_v of_o that_o degree_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n by_o a_o certain_a popularity_n seek_v to_o draw_v they_o all_o to_o side_n with_o he_o from_o this_o time_n forward_o the_o man_n of_o arm_n be_v install_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o three_o estate_n of_o rome_n insomuch_o as_o all_o edict_n and_o public_a act_n pass_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o senate_n people_n and_o cavallerie_n of_o the_o city_n and_o for_o that_o these_o knight_n or_o gentleman_n be_v last_o incorporate_v into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commonweal_n this_o be_v the_o only_a reason_n that_o even_o now_o also_o they_o be_v write_v in_o all_o public_a instrument_n after_o the_o people_n as_o touch_v the_o name_n or_o title_n attribute_v to_o this_o three_o estate_n or_o degree_n of_o horseman_n or_o man_n of_o arm_n it_o have_v be_v change_v and_o alter_v oftentimes_o for_o in_o the_o day_n of_o romulus_n and_o other_o kk_n of_o rome_n they_o be_v call_v celeres_fw-la afterward_o flexumine_v and_o in_o process_n of_o time_n trossuli_n by_o occasion_n that_o these_o horseman_n without_o any_o aid_n at_o all_o of_o the_o infantry_n have_v win_v a_o town_n in_o tuscan_a nine_a mile_n on_o this_o side_n volsinij_fw-la call_v trossuli_n which_o name_n continue_v in_o the_o cavallerie_n of_o rome_n until_o the_o time_n of_o c._n gracchus_n and_o afterward_o and_o very_o junius_n who_o upon_o the_o great_a amity_n between_o gracchus_n and_o he_o be_v syrname_v gracchanus_n have_v leave_v these_o word_n in_o write_v as_o touch_v this_o matter_n concern_v the_o degree_n of_o knight_n quoth_v he_o those_o who_o now_o be_v call_v equites_fw-la i._o horseman_n beforetime_o have_v to_o name_n trossuli_n the_o change_n of_o which_o name_n arise_v upon_o this_o that_o many_o of_o these_o gentleman_n ignorant_a in_o the_o original_n and_o first_o occasion_n of_o the_o foresay_a name_n trossuli_n and_o what_o the_o meaning_n thereof_o be_v be_v ashamed_a so_o to_o be_v call_v he_o allege_v moreover_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o say_a name_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o quoth_v he_o they_o can_v away_o with_o the_o name_n at_o this_o day_n but_o be_v so_o call_v against_o their_o will_n to_o come_v again_o unto_o our_o former_a discourse_n of_o
conception_n and_o child_n within_o the_o womb_n the_o sign_n how_o to_o know_v whether_o a_o woman_n go_v with_o a_o son_n or_o a_o daughter_n before_o she_o be_v deliver_v 7._o of_o the_o conception_n and_o generation_n of_o man_n 8._o of_o agrippae_fw-la i._o those_o who_o be_v bear_v with_o the_o foot_n forward_o 9_o of_o strange_a birth_n namely_o by_o mean_n of_o incision_n when_o child_n be_v cut_v out_o of_o their_o mother_n womb_n 10._o of_o vopisci_n i._o such_o as_o be_v twin_n be_v bear_v alive_a notwithstanding_o the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v dead_a before_o 11._o history_n of_o many_o child_n bear_v at_o one_o burden_n 12._o example_n of_o those_o that_o be_v like_o one_o to_o another_o 13._o the_o cause_n and_o manner_n of_o generation_n 14._o more_o of_o the_o same_o matter_n and_o argument_n 15._o of_o woman_n monthly_a term_n 16._o the_o manner_n of_o sundry_a birth_n 17._o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o man_n body_n and_o notable_a thing_n therein_o observe_v 18._o example_n of_o extraordinary_a shape_n 19_o strange_a nature_n of_o man_n 20._o of_o bodily_a strength_n and_o swiftness_n 21._o of_o excellent_a sight_n 22._o who_o excel_v in_o hear_v 23._o example_n of_o patience_n 24._o who_o be_v singular_a for_o good_a memory_n 25._o the_o praise_n of_o c._n julius_n caesar._n 26._o the_o commendation_n of_o pompey_n the_o great_a 27._o the_o praise_n of_o cato_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n 28._o of_o valour_n and_o fortitude_n 29._o of_o notable_a wit_n or_o the_o praise_n of_o some_o for_o their_o singular_a wit_n 30._o of_o plato_n ennius_n virgil_n m._n varro_n and_o m._n cicero_n 31._o of_o such_o as_o carry_v a_o majesty_n in_o their_o behaviour_n 32._o of_o man_n of_o great_a authority_n and_o reputation_n 33._o of_o certain_a divine_a and_o heavenly_a person_n 34._o of_o scipio_n nasica_n 35._o of_o chastity_n 36._o of_o piety_n and_o natural_a kindness_n 37._o of_o excellent_a man_n in_o diverse_a science_n and_o namely_o in_o astrology_n grammar_n and_o geometry_n etc._n etc._n 38._o item_n rare_a piece_n of_o work_n make_v by_o sundry_a artificer_n 39_o of_o servant_n and_o slave_n 40._o the_o excellency_n of_o diverse_a nation_n 41._o of_o perfect_a contentment_n and_o felicity_n 42._o example_n of_o the_o variety_n and_o mutability_n of_o fortune_n 43._o of_o those_o that_o be_v twice_o outlaw_v and_o banish_v of_o l._n sylla_n and_o q._n metellus_n 44._o of_o another_o metellus_n 45._o of_o the_o emperor_n augustus_n 46._o of_o man_n deem_v most_o happy_a above_o all_o other_o by_o the_o oracle_n of_o the_o god_n 47._o who_o be_v canonize_v a_o god_n while_o he_o live_v upon_o the_o earth_n 48._o of_o those_o that_o live_v long_o than_o other_o 49._o of_o diverse_a nativity_n of_o man_n 50._o many_o example_n of_o strange_a accident_n in_o malady_n 51._o of_o the_o sign_n of_o death_n 52._o of_o those_o that_o revive_v when_o they_o be_v carry_v forth_o to_o be_v bury_v 53._o of_o sudden_a death_n 54._o of_o sepulcher_n and_o burial_n 55._o of_o the_o soul_n of_o ghost_n and_o spirit_n 56._o the_o first_o inventor_n of_o many_o thing_n 57_o wherein_o all_o nation_n first_o agree_v 58._o of_o antique_a letter_n 59_o the_o beginning_n of_o barber_n first_o at_o rome_n 60._o the_o first_o deviser_n of_o dial_n and_o clock_n in_o sum_n there_o be_v in_o this_o book_n of_o story_n strange_a accident_n and_o matter_n memorable_a 747._o latin_a author_n allege_v varrius_z flaccus_n cn._n gellius_n licinius_n mutianus_n mutius_n massurius_n agrippina_n wife_n of_o claudius_n m._n cicero_n asinius_n pollio_n messala_n rufus_n cornelius_n nepos_n virgil_n livy_n cordus_n melissus_n sebosus_n cernelius_n celsus_n maximus_n valerius_n trogus_n nigidius_n figulus_n pomponius_n atticus_n pedianus_n asconius_n sabinus_n cato_n censorius_n fabius_n vestalis_fw-la foreign_a writer_n herodotus_n aristeus_n beto_n isigonus_n crates_n agatharcides_n calliphanes_n aristotle_n nymphodorus_n apollonides_n philarchus_n damon_n megasthenes_n ctesias_n tauron_n eudoxus_n onesicratus_n clitarchus_n duris_n artemidorus_n hypocrates_n the_o physician_n asclepiander_n the_o physician_n hesiodus_n anacreon_n theopompus_n hellanicus_n damasthes_n ephorus_n epigenes_n berosus_n pessiris_n necepsus_fw-la alexander_n polyhistor_n xenophon_n callimachus_n democritus_n duillius_fw-la polyhistor_n the_o historian_n strato_n who_o write_v against_o the_o proposition_n and_o theorem_n of_o ephorus_n heraclides_fw-la ponticus_n asclepiades_n who_o write_v tragodamena_n philostephanus_n hegesias_n archimachus_n thucydides_n mnesigiton_n xenagoras_n metrodorus_n scepsius_n anticlides_n and_o critodemus_n ¶_o in_o the_o eight_o book_n be_v contain_v the_o nature_n of_o land_n beast_n that_o go_v on_o foot_n chap._n 1._o of_o land_n creature_n the_o good_a and_o commendable_a part_n in_o elephant_n their_o capacity_n and_o understanding_n 2._o when_o elephant_n be_v first_o yoke_v and_o put_v to_o draw_v 3._o the_o docilitie_n of_o elephant_n and_o their_o aptness_n to_o learn_v 4._o the_o clemency_n of_o elephant_n that_o they_o know_v their_o own_o danger_n also_o of_o the_o felnesse_n of_o the_o tiger_n 5._o the_o perceivance_n and_o memory_n of_o elephant_n 6._o when_o elephant_n be_v first_o see_v in_o italy_n 7._o the_o combat_n perform_v by_o elephant_n 8._o the_o manner_n of_o take_v elephant_n 9_o the_o manner_n how_o elephant_n be_v tame_v 10._o how_o long_o a_o elephant_n go_v with_o young_a and_o of_o their_o nature_n 11._o the_o country_n be_v elephant_n breed_v the_o discord_n and_o war_n between_o elephant_n and_o dragon_n 12._o the_o industry_n and_o subtle_a wit_n of_o dragon_n and_o elephant_n 13._o of_o dragon_n 14._o serpent_n of_o prodigious_a bigness_n of_o serpent_n name_v boae_n 15._o of_o beast_n engender_v in_o scythia_n and_o the_o north_n country_n 16._o of_o lion_n 17._o of_o panther_n 18._o the_o nature_n of_o the_o tiger_n of_o camel_n and_o the_o pard-cammell_n when_o it_o be_v first_o see_v at_o rome_n 19_o of_o the_o stag-wolfe_n name_v chaus_n and_o the_o cephus_n 20._o of_o rhincceros_n 21._o of_o once_z marmoset_n call_v sphinx_n of_o the_o crocute_v of_o common_a marmoset_n of_o indian_a boeufe_n of_o leucrocute_v of_o eale_n of_o the_o aethiopian_a bull_n of_o the_o best_a mantichora_n of_o the_o sicorne_n or_o unicorn_n of_o the_o catoblepa_n and_o the_o basilisk_n 22._o of_o wolf_n 23._o of_o serpent_n 24._o of_o the_o rat_n of_o india_n call_v ichneumon_a 25._o of_o the_o crocodile_n and_o skink_v and_o the_o river-horse_n 26._o who_o show_v first_o at_o rome_n the_o water-horse_n and_o the_o crocodile_n diverse_a reason_n in_o physic_n find_v out_o by_o dumb_a creature_n 27._o of_o beast_n and_o other_o such_o creature_n which_o have_v teach_v we_o certain_a herb_n to_o wit_n the_o red_a deer_n lizard_n swallow_n tortoise_n the_o weasel_n the_o stork_n the_o boar_n the_o snake_n the_o panther_n the_o elephant_n bear_n stocke-dove_n house-dove_n crane_n and_o raven_n 28._o prognostication_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v take_v from_o beast_n 29._o what_o city_n and_o nation_n have_v be_v destroy_v by_o small_a creature_n 30._o of_o the_o hiaena_fw-la the_o crocuta_n and_o mantichora_n of_o biever_n and_o otter_n 31._o of_o frog_n sea_n or_o sea-calue_n and_o stellion_n 32._o of_o dear_a both_o red_a and_o fallow_a 33._o of_o the_o tragelaphis_n of_o the_o chamaeleon_n and_o other_o beast_n that_o change_v colour_n 34._o of_o the_o tarand_n the_o lycaon_n and_o the_o wolf_n call_v thoes_n 35._o of_o the_o porc-espines_a 36._o of_o bear_n and_o how_o they_o bring_v forth_o their_o whelp_n 37._o the_o rat_n and_o mouse_n of_o pontus_n and_o the_o alps_o also_o of_o hedgehog_n 38._o of_o the_o leontophones_n the_o once_z gray_n badger_n and_o sqirril_n 39_o of_o viper_n snail_n in_o shell_n and_o lizard_n 40._o of_o dog_n 41._o against_o the_o bite_n of_o a_o mad_a dog_n 42._o the_o nature_n of_o horse_n 43._o of_o ass_n 44._o of_o mule_n 45._o of_o cow_n bull_n and_o oxen._n 46._o of_o the_o boeufe_n name_v apis._n 47._o the_o nature_n of_o sheep_n their_o breed_n and_o generation_n 48._o sundry_a kind_n of_o wool_n and_o clothes_n 49._o of_o sheep_n call_v musmone_n 50._o of_o goat_n and_o their_o generation_n 51._o of_o swine_n and_o their_o nature_n 52._o of_o park_n and_o warren_n for_o beast_n 53._o of_o beast_n half_o tame_a and_o wild_a 54._o of_o ape_n and_o monkey_n 55._o of_o hare_n and_o coney_n 56._o of_o beast_n half_o savage_a 57_o of_o rat_n and_o mouse_n of_o dormouse_n 58._o of_o beast_n that_o live_v not_o in_o some_o place_n 59_o of_o beast_n hurtful_a to_o stranger_n in_o sum_n there_o be_v in_o this_o book_n principal_a matter_n story_n and_o observation_n worth_a the_o remembrance_n 788._o latin_a author_n allege_v mutianus_n procilius_n verrius_n flaccus_n l._n piso_n cornelius_n valerianus_n cato_n censorius_n fenestella_n trogus_n actius_n columella_n virgil_n varro_n lu._n metellus_n scipio_n cornelius_n
be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o ocean_n which_o notwithstanding_o clasp_v round_o about_o all_o the_o midst_n thereof_o yield_v forth_o and_o receive_v again_o all_o other_o water_n beside_o and_o what_o exhalation_n soever_o that_o go_v out_o for_o cloud_n and_o feed_v withal_o the_o very_a star_n so_o many_o as_o they_o be_v and_o of_o so_o great_a a_o bigness_n what_o a_o mighty_a space_n think_v you_o will_v it_o be_v think_v to_o takeup_v and_o inhabit_v and_o how_o little_o can_v there_o be_v leave_v for_o man_n to_o inhabit_v sure_o the_o possession_n of_o so_o vast_a and_o huge_a a_o deal_n must_v needs_o be_v exceed_v great_a and_o infinite_a what_o say_v you_o then_o to_o this_o that_o of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v leave_v the_o heaven_n have_v take_v away_o the_o great_a part_n for_o whereas_o there_o be_v of_o the_o heaven_n five_o part_n which_o they_o call_v zone_n all_o that_o lie_v under_o the_o two_o utmost_a to_o wit_n on_o both_o side_n about_o the_o pole_n namely_o this_o here_o which_o be_v call_v septentrio_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o north_n and_o the_o other_o over_o against_o it_o name_v the_o south_n it_o be_v overcharge_v with_o extreme_a and_o rigorous_a cold_a yea_o and_o with_o perpetual_a frost_n and_o ice_n in_o both_o zone_n it_o be_v always_o dim_a and_o dark_a and_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o more_o mild_a and_o pleasant_a planet_n be_v divert_v clean_o from_o thence_o the_o light_n that_o be_v sheweth_z little_a or_o nothing_o and_o appear_v white_a with_o the_o frost_n only_o now_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n whereas_o the_o sun_n have_v his_o way_n and_o keep_v his_o course_n scorch_a and_o burn_v with_o flame_n be_v even_o parch_a and_o fry_v again_o with_o the_o hot_a gleam_n thereof_o be_v so_o near_o those_o two_o only_a on_o either_o side_n about_o it_o namely_o between_o this_o burn_a zone_n and_o the_o two_o freeze_a be_v temperate_a and_o even_o those_o have_v not_o access_n and_o passage_n the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o burn_a heat_n of_o the_o say_a planet_n thus_o you_o see_v that_o the_o heaven_n have_v take_v from_o the_o earth_n three_o part_n and_o what_o the_o ocean_n have_v pluck_v from_o it_o beside_o no_o man_n know_v and_o even_o that_o one_o portion_n remain_v unto_o we_o i_o wot_v not_o whether_o it_o be_v not_o in_o great_a danger_n also_o for_o the_o same_o ocean_n enter_v as_o we_o will_v show_v into_o many_o arm_n and_o creek_n keep_v a_o roar_n against_o the_o other_o gulf_n and_o sea_n within_o the_o earth_n and_o so_o near_o come_v unto_o they_o that_o the_o arabian_a gulf_n be_v not_o from_o the_o egyptian_a sea_n above_o 115_o mile_n the_o caspian_a likewise_o from_o the_o pontic_a but_o 375._o yea_o and_o the_o same_o flow_v between_o and_o enter_v into_o so_o many_o arm_n as_o that_o thereby_o it_o divide_v africa_n europe_n and_o asia_n asunder_o now_o what_o a_o quantity_n of_o land_n it_o take_v up_o may_v be_v collect_v and_o reckon_v at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o measure_n and_o proportion_n of_o so_o many_o river_n and_o so_o great_a meres_n add_v thereto_o both_o lake_n and_o pool_n and_o withal_o take_v from_o the_o earth_n the_o high_a mountain_n bear_v up_o their_o head_n aloft_o into_o the_o sky_n so_o as_o the_o eye_n can_v hardly_o reach_v their_o height_n the_o wood_n beside_o and_o steep_a descent_n of_o the_o valley_n the_o wilderness_n and_o waste_n wilde_v leave_v desert_n upon_o a_o thousand_o cause_n these_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o rather_o as_o most_o have_v write_v this_o little-pricke_a of_o the_o world_n for_o sure_o the_o earth_n be_v nothing_o else_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o whole_a be_v the_o only_a matter_n of_o our_o glory_n this_o i_o say_v be_v the_o very_a feat_n thereof_o here_o we_o seek_v for_o honour_n and_o dignity_n here_o we_o exercise_v our_o rule_n and_o authority_n here_o we_o covet_v wealth_n and_o riches_n here_o all_o mankind_n be_v set_v upon_o stir_n and_o trouble_n here_o we_o raise_v civil_a war_n still_o one_o after_o another_o and_o with_o mutual_a massacre_n and_o murder_n we_o make_v more_o room_n in_o the_o earth_n and_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o public_a furious_a rage_n of_o nation_n abroad_o this_o be_v it_o wherein_o we_o chase_v and_o drive_v out_o our_o neighbour_n borderer_n and_o by_o stealth_n dig_v turf_n from_o their_o soil_n to_o put_v unto_o our_o own_o and_o when_o a_o man_n have_v extend_v his_o land_n and_o get_v whole_a country_n to_o himself_o far_o and_o near_o what_o a_o goodly_a deal_n of_o earth_n enjoy_v he_o and_o say_v that_o he_o set_v out_o his_o bound_n to_o the_o full_a measure_n of_o his_o covetous_a desire_n what_o a_o great_a portion_n thereof_o shall_v he_o hold_v when_o he_o be_v once_o dead_a and_o his_o head_n lay_v low_a chap._n lxix_o ¶_o that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o world_n that_o the_o earth_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n it_o appear_v by_o manifest_a and_o undoubted_a reason_n but_o most_o evident_o by_o the_o equal_a hour_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a for_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n the_o astrolabe_n and_o instrument_n call_v diophae_fw-la have_v prove_v that_o night_n and_o day_n can_v not_o possible_o be_v find_v equal_a and_o those_o abovesaid_a instrument_n above_o all_o other_o confirm_v the_o same_o see_v that_o in_o the_o equinoctial_a by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o line_n both_o rise_n and_o set_v of_o the_o sun_n be_v see_v but_o the_o summer_n sun_n rise_v and_o the_o winter_n set_v by_o their_o own_o several_a line_n which_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n happen_v but_o that_o the_o earth_n rest_v in_o the_o centre_n chap._n lxx_o ¶_o of_o the_o unequal_a rise_n of_o the_o star_n of_o the_o eclipse_n both_o where_o and_o how_o it_o come_v now_o three_o circle_n there_o be_v enfold_v within_o the_o zone_n afore_o name_v which_o distinguish_v the_o inequality_n of_o the_o day_n namely_o the_o summer_n solstitial_a tropic_n from_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o zodiac_n in_o regard_n of_o we_o towards_o the_o north_n climb_v and_o against_o it_o another_o call_v the_o winter_n tropic_n towards_o the_o other_o southern_a pole_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o equinoctial_a which_o go_v in_o the_o mid_n of_o the_o zodiac_n circle_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o rest_n which_o we_o wonder_v at_o be_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o very_a earth_n which_o together_o with_o the_o water_n be_v by_o the_o same_o argument_n know_v to_o be_v like_o a_o globe_n for_o so_o doubtless_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o with_o we_o the_o star_n about_o the_o north_n pole_n never_o go_v down_o and_o those_o contrariwise_o about_o the_o meridian_n never_o rise_v and_o again_o these_o here_o be_v not_o see_v of_o they_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n swell_v up_o in_o the_o mid_n between_o again_o trogloditine_n and_o egypt_n confine_v next_o upon_o it_o never_o set_v eye_n upon_o the_o north_n pole_n star_n neither_o have_v italy_n a_o sight_n of_o canopus_n name_v also_o berenice_n hair_n likewise_o another_o which_o under_o the_o empire_n of_o augustus_n man_n surname_v caesaris_fw-la thronon_n yet_o be_v they_o star_n there_o of_o special_a mark_n and_o so_o evident_o bend_v the_o top_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o the_o rise_n that_o canopus_n at_o alexandria_n seem_v to_o the_o beholder_n elevate_v above_o the_o earth_n almost_o one_o four_o part_n of_o a_o sign_n but_o if_o a_o man_n look_v from_o rhodes_n the_o same_o appear_v after_o a_o sort_n to_o touch_v the_o very_a horizon_n and_o in_o pontus_n where_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o north_n pole_n be_v high_a not_o see_v at_o all_o yea_o and_o this_o same_o pole_n at_o rhodes_n be_v hide_v but_o most_o in_o alexandria_n in_o arabia_n all_o hide_v it_o be_v at_o the_o first_o watch_n of_o the_o night_n in_o november_n but_o at_o the_o second_o it_o show_v in_o meroe_n at_o midsummer_n in_o the_o evening_n it_o appear_v for_o a_o while_n but_o some_o few_o day_n before_o the_o rise_n of_o arcturus_n see_v it_o be_v with_o the_o very_a dawn_n of_o the_o day_n sailor_n by_o their_o voyage_n find_v out_o and_o know_v these_o star_n most_o of_o any_o other_o by_o reason_n that_o some_o sea_n be_v opposite_a unto_o some_o star_n but_o other_o lie_v flat_a and_o incline_v forward_o to_o other_o for_o that_o also_o those_o pole_n star_n appear_v sudden_o and_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v hide_v before_o under_o the_o wind_a compass_n as_o it_o be_v of_o a_o ball_n for_o the_o heaven_n rise_v not_o aloft_o in_o this_o high_a pole_n as_o some_o man_n have_v give_v out_o else_o shall_v
moreover_o little_o less_o than_o 25000_o stadia_fw-la chap._n cix_o ¶_o the_o harmonical_a measure_n and_o circumference_n of_o the_o world_n dionysidorus_n in_o another_o kind_n will_v be_v believe_v for_o i_o will_v not_o beguile_v you_o of_o the_o great_a example_n of_o grecian_a vanity_n this_o man_n be_v a_o melian_n famous_a for_o his_o skill_n in_o geometry_n he_o die_v very_o age_v in_o his_o own_o country_n his_o near_a kins-woman_n who_o by_o right_n be_v his_o heir_n in_o remainder_n solemnize_v his_o funeral_n &_o accompany_v he_o to_o his_o grave_n these_o woman_n as_o they_o come_v some_o few_o day_n after_o to_o his_o sepulchre_n for_o to_o perform_v some_o solemn_a obsequy_n thereto_o belong_v by_o report_n find_v in_o his_o monument_n a_o epistle_n of_o this_o dionysidorus_n write_v in_o his_o own_o name_n to_z they_o above_o that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o the_o live_n and_o to_o this_o effect_n namely_o that_o he_o have_v make_v a_o step_n from_o his_o sepulchre_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o that_o it_o be_v thither_o 42000_o stadia_fw-la neither_o want_v there_o geometrician_n who_o make_v this_o interpretation_n that_o he_o signify_v that_o this_o epistle_n be_v send_v from_o the_o middle_a centre_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o which_o place_n downward_o from_o the_o uppermost_a aloft_o the_o way_n be_v long_a and_o the_o same_o be_v just_a half_a the_o diametre_fw-la of_o the_o round_a globe_n whereupon_o follow_v this_o computation_n that_o they_o pronounce_v the_o circuit_n to_o be_v 255000_o stadia_fw-la now_o the_o harmonical_a proportion_n which_o force_v this_o universalitic_a and_o nature_n of_o the_o world_n to_o agree_v unto_o itself_o add_v unto_o this_o measure_n 7000_o stadia_fw-la and_o so_o make_v the_o earth_n to_o be_v the_o 96000_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n the_o three_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o nature_n write_v by_o c._n plinius_n secundus_fw-la the_o proem_n or_o preface_n hit_v herto_o have_v we_o write_v of_o the_o position_n and_o wonder_n of_o the_o earth_n water_n and_o star_n also_o we_o have_v treat_v in_o general_a term_n of_o the_o proportion_n and_o measure_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n now_o it_o follow_v to_o discourse_v of_o the_o part_n thereof_o albeit_o this_o also_o be_v judge_v a_o infinite_a piece_n of_o work_n nor_o light_o can_v be_v handle_v without_o some_o reprehension_n and_o yet_o in_o no_o kind_n of_o enterprise_n pardon_n be_v more_o due_a since_o it_o be_v no_o marvel_n at_o all_o if_o he_o who_o be_v bear_v a_o mortal_a man_n know_v not_o all_o thing_n belong_v to_o man_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v not_o follow_v one_o author_n more_o than_o another_o but_o every_o one_o as_o i_o shall_v think_v he_o most_o true_a in_o the_o description_n of_o each_o part_n forasmuch_o as_o this_o have_v be_v a_o thing_n common_a in_o manner_n to_o they_o all_o namely_o to_o learn_v or_o describe_v the_o situation_n of_o those_o place_n most_o exact_o where_o themselves_o be_v either_o bear_v or_o which_o they_o have_v discover_v and_o see_v and_o therefore_o neither_o will_v i_o blame_v nor_o reprove_v any_o man_n the_o bare_a name_n of_o place_n shall_v be_v simple_o set_v down_o in_o this_o my_o geographic_a and_o that_o with_o as_o great_a brevity_n as_o i_o can_v the_o excellency_n as_o also_o the_o cause_n and_o occasion_n thereof_o shall_v be_v defer_v to_o their_o sever_n all_o and_o particular_a treatise_n for_o now_o the_o question_n be_v as_o touch_v the_o whole_a earth_n in_o generality_n which_o my_o intent_n be_v to_o represent_v unto_o your_o eye_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v have_v thing_n thus_o to_o be_v take_v as_o if_o the_o name_n of_o country_n be_v put_v down_o nâ—…ked_a and_o void_a of_o renown_n and_o fame_n and_o such_o only_a as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o beginning_n before_o any_o act_n there_o do_v and_o as_o if_o they_o have_v indeed_o a_o indument_n of_o name_n but_o respective_a only_o to_o the_o 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nepos_n cornelius_n have_v report_v that_o the_o breadth_n thereof_o where_o it_o be_v narrow_a be_v seven_o mile_n over_o but_o ten_o mile_n where_o it_o be_v broad_o from_o so_o small_a amouth_n a_o wonder_n to_o consider_v spread_v the_o sea_n so_o huge_a and_o so_o vast_a as_o we_o see_v and_o withal_o so_o exceed_v deep_a as_o the_o marvel_n be_v no_o less_o in_o that_o regard_n for_o why_o in_o the_o very_a mouth_n thereof_o be_v to_o be_v see_v many_o bar_n and_o shallow_a shelf_n of_o white_a sand_n so_o ebb_n be_v the_o water_n to_o the_o great_a terror_n of_o ship_n and_o sailor_n pass_v that_o way_n and_o therefore_o many_o have_v call_v those_o straits_n of_o gibraltar_n the_o entry_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n of_o both_o side_n of_o this_o gullet_n near_o unto_o it_o be_v two_o mountain_n set_v as_o frontier_n and_o rampier_n to_o keep_v all_o in_o namely_o abila_n for_o africa_n calpe_n for_o europe_n the_o utmost_a end_n of_o hercules_n labour_n for_o which_o 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hill_n cleave_v asunder_o in_o a_o earthquake_n and_o in_o the_o chink_n thereof_o be_v find_v a_o body_n stand_v 46_o cubit_n high_a some_o say_v it_o be_v the_o body_n of_o orion_n other_o of_o otus_n we_o find_v in_o chronicle_n &_o record_n of_o good_a credit_n that_o the_o body_n of_o orestes_n be_v take_v up_o by_o direction_n from_o the_o oracle_n be_v seven_o cubit_n long_o and_o very_o that_o great_a and_o famous_a poet_n homer_n who_o live_v almost_o 1000_o year_n ago_o complain_v half_a and_o give_v not_o over_o that_o man_n body_n be_v less_o of_o stature_n even_o then_o than_o in_o old_a time_n the_o annal_n set_v not_o down_o the_o stature_n and_o bigness_n of_o naevius_n pollio_n but_o that_o he_o be_v a_o mighty_a giant_n appear_v by_o this_o that_o be_v write_v of_o he_o namely_o that_o it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o wonderful_a strange_a thing_n that_o in_o a_o great_a rout_n &_o press_n of_o people_n that_o come_v run_v together_o upon_o he_o he_o have_v like_a to_o have_v be_v kill_v the_o tall_a man_n that_o have_v be_v see_v in_o our_o age_n be_v one_o name_v gabbara_n who_o in_o the_o day_n of_o prince_n claudius_n late_a emperor_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o arabia_n nine_o foot_n high_a be_v he_o and_o as_o many_o inch_n there_o be_v in_o the_o time_n of_o augustus_n caesar_n 2_o other_o name_v signify_v pusio_n and_o secundilla_n high_a than_o gabbara_n by_o half_a a_o foot_n who_o body_n be_v preserve_v and_o keep_v for_o a_o wonder_n in_o a_o charnel_n house_n or_o sepulchre_n within_o the_o garden_n of_o the_o salustian_n while_o the_o same_o augustus_n sit_v as_o precedent_n his_o niece_n julia_n have_v a_o little_a dwarfish_a fellow_n not_o above_o 2_o foot_n and_o a_o hand_n breadth_n high_a call_v conopas_n who_o she_o set_v great_a store_n by_o and_o make_v much_o of_o as_o also_o another_o she_o dwarf_n name_v andromeda_n who_o sometime_o have_v be_v the_o slave_n of_o julia_n the_o princess_n and_o by_o she_o make_v free_a m._n varro_n report_v that_o manius_n maximus_n and_o m._n tullius_n be_v but_o two_o cubit_n high_a &_o yet_o they_o gentleman_n and_o knight_n of_o rome_n and_o in_o truth_n we_o ourselves_o have_v see_v their_o body_n how_o they_o lie_v embalm_v and_o chest_v which_o testify_v no_o less_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o there_o be_v some_o that_o natural_o be_v never_o but_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a other_o again_o somewhat_o long_o and_o to_o this_o height_n they_o come_v in_o three_o year_n which_o be_v the_o full_a course_n of_o their_o age_n and_o then_o they_o die_v we_o read_v moreover_o in_o the_o chronicle_n that_o in_o salamis_n one_o euthimenes_n have_v a_o son_n who_o in_o three_o year_n grow_v to_o be_v three_o cubit_n high_a
they_o horn_n but_o some_o be_v not_o but_o in_o those_o which_o be_v horn_v a_o man_n may_v know_v their_o age_n by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o knot_n therein_o more_o or_o less_o and_o in_o very_a truth_n the_o not_o she_o goat_n be_v more_o free_a of_o milk_n archelaus_n write_v that_o they_o take_v their_o breath_n at_o the_o ear_n and_o not_o at_o the_o nostril_n also_o that_o they_o be_v never_o clear_a of_o the_o ague_n and_o this_o haply_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o they_o be_v hot_a mouth_v and_o have_v a_o strong_a breath_n than_o sheep_n and_o more_o egre_n in_o their_o rut_n man_n say_v moreover_o that_o they_o see_v by_o night_n as_o well_o as_o by_o day_n therefore_o they_o that_o when_o evening_n be_v come_v see_v nothing_o at_o all_o recover_v their_o perfect_a sight_n again_o by_o eat_v ordinary_o the_o liver_n of_o goat_n in_o cilicia_n and_o about_o the_o syrtes_n the_o people_n clad_v themselves_o with_o goat_n hair_n for_o there_o they_o shere_v they_o as_o sheep_n 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barrel_n or_o earthen_a vessel_n and_o so_o they_o will_v continue_v good_a till_o new_o come_v as_o for_o all_o other_o plum_n as_o they_o be_v soon_o ripe_a so_o they_o be_v as_o soon_o go_v it_o be_v not_o long_o since_o that_o in_o the_o realm_n of_o granado_n and_o andalusia_n they_o begin_v to_o graft_v plum_n upon_o appletree_n stock_n and_o those_o bring_v forth_o plum_n name_v apple-plum_n as_o also_o other_o call_v almond-plum_n graff_v upon_o almond-stock_n these_o have_v within_o their_o stone_n a_o kernel_n like_o a_o almond_n and_o very_o there_o be_v not_o a_o fruit_n again_o wherein_o be_v see_v a_o witty_a devise_n to_o conjoin_v and_o represent_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o subject_n two_o diverse_a sort_n as_o for_o the_o damascene-plum_n take_v name_n of_o damascus_n in_o syria_n we_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v thereof_o in_o our_o treatise_n of_o strange_a tree_n and_o yet_o long_o since_o they_o have_v be_v know_v to_o grow_v in_o italy_n which_o although_o they_o have_v a_o large_a stone_n and_o little_a carnosity_n about_o they_o yet_o they_o never_o wither_v into_o wrinkle_n and_o rivel_n when_o they_o be_v dry_a for_o that_o they_o want_v the_o full_a strength_n of_o the_o kind_a sun_n which_o they_o have_v in_o syria_n we_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o write_v together_o with_o they_o of_o the_o fruit_n sebesten_n which_o also_o come_v from_o the_o same_o syria_n albeit_o now_o of_o late_o they_o begin_v to_o grow_v at_o rome_n be_v graff_v upon_o soruice_n as_o touch_v peach_n in_o general_a the_o very_a name_n in_o latin_a whereby_o they_o be_v call_v persica_fw-la do_v evident_o show_v that_o they_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o persis_n first_o and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o fruit_n not_o ordinary_a either_o in_o greece_n or_o anatolia_n but_o a_o mere_a stranger_n there_o contrariwise_o wild_a plum_n as_o it_o be_v well_o know_v grow_v every_o where_o i_o marvel_v therefore_o so_o much_o the_o more_o that_o cato_n make_v no_o mention_n thereof_o consider_v that_o of_o purpose_n he_o show_v the_o manner_n how_o to_o preserve_v and_o keep_v diverse_a wild_a fruit_n till_o new_o come_v for_o long_o it_o be_v first_o ere_o peach_n tree_n come_v into_o these_o part_n and_o much_o ado_n there_o be_v before_o they_o can_v be_v bring_v for_o to_o prosper_v with_o we_o see_v that_o in_o the_o island_n rhodes_n which_o be_v their_o place_n of_o habitation_n next_o to_o egypt_n they_o bear_v not_o at_o all_o but_o be_v altogether_o barren_a and_o whereas_o it_o be_v say_v that_o peach_n be_v venomous_a in_o persia_n &_o do_v cause_n great_a torment_n in_o they_o who_o do_v eat_v thereof_o as_o also_o that_o the_o kk_n of_o persia_n in_o old_a time_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v transport_v over_o into_o egypt_n by_o way_n of_o revenge_n to_o plague_v that_o country_n and_o notwithstanding_o their_o poisonous_a nature_n yet_o through_o the_o goodness_n of_o that_o soil_n they_o become_v good_a and_o wholesome_a all_o this_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o mere_a fable_n &_o a_o loud_a lie_n true_a it_o be_v indeed_o that_o the_o best_a writer_n who_o have_v be_v painful_a above_o other_o to_o search_v out_o the_o truth_n have_v report_v so_o much_o concern_v the_o tree_n persia_n which_o be_v far_o different_a from_o the_o peach_n three_fw-mi persica_fw-la &_o bear_v fruit_n like_o to_o sebesten_n of_o colour_n red_a and_o willing_o will_v not_o grow_v in_o any_o country_n without_o the_o east_n part_n and_o yet_o the_o wise_a &_o more_o learned_a clerk_n do_v hold_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o tree_n persia_n which_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o persis_n into_o egypt_n for_o to_o annoy_v and_o plague_v the_o country_n but_o that_o it_o be_v plant_v first_o by_o k._n perseus_n at_o memphis_n whereupon_o it_o come_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a ordain_v that_o all_o victor_n who_o have_v win_v the_o prize_n at_o any_o game_n there_o shall_v be_v crown_v with_o a_o chaplet_n of_o that_o tree_n to_o honour_v the_o memorial_n of_o his_o great_a grandsire_n father_n but_o how_o ever_o it_o be_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o this_o tree_n continue_v green_a all_o the_o year_n long_o and_o bear_v evermore_o fruit_n one_o under_o another_o new_a and_o old_a together_o and_o to_o return_v again_o to_o our_o plum-tree_n evident_a it_o be_v that_o in_o cato_n time_n they_o be_v not_o know_v in_o italy_n but_o all_o the_o plum-tree_n which_o we_o now_o have_v be_v come_v since_o he_o die_v chap._n xiiii_o ¶_o of_o nine_o and_o twenty_o kind_n of_o fruit_n contain_v under_o the_o name_n of_o apple_n of_o apple_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o fruit_n that_o have_v tender_a skin_n to_o be_v pare_v off_o there_o be_v many_o sort_n for_o as_o touch_v pome-citrons_a together_o with_o their_o tree_n we_o have_v already_o write_v the_o greek_n call_v they_o medica_fw-la according_a to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n from_o whence_o they_o first_o come_v in_o old_a time_n as_o for_o jujube_n as_o also_o the_o fruit_n tuberes_fw-la they_o be_v likewise_o stranger_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n and_o long_o it_o be_v not_o since_o they_o arrive_v first_o in_o italy_n the_o one_o sort_n out_o of_o africa_n the_o other_o namely_o jujube_v out_o of_o syria_n &_o sextus_n papinius_n who_o myself_o in_o my_o time_n see_v consul_n of_o rome_n be_v the_o first_o man_n that_o bring_v they_o both_o into_o these_o part_n namely_o in_o the_o late_a end_n of_o augustus_n caesar_n the_o emperor_n and_o plant_v they_o about_o the_o rampier_n of_o his_o camp_n for_o to_o beautify_v the_o same_o howbeit_o to_o say_v a_o truth_n their_o fruit_n resemble_v rather_o berry_n than_o apple_n yet_o they_o make_v a_o goodly_a show_n upon_o the_o rampier_n and_o no_o marvel_n since_o that_o now_o adays_o whole_a grove_n of_o tree_n begin_v to_o overtop_v and_o surmount_v the_o house_n of_o private_a person_n concern_v the_o fruit_n tuberes_fw-la there_o be_v two_o sort_n thereof_o to_o wit_n the_o white_a and_o the_o red_a call_v also_o sericum_fw-la of_o the_o colour_n of_o silk_n the_o apple_n name_v lanata_n be_v hold_v in_o manner_n for_o stranger_n in_o italy_n and_o be_v know_v to_o grow_v but_o in_o one_o place_n thereof_o and_o namely_o within_o the_o territory_n of_o verona_n cover_v they_o be_v all_o over_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o down_o or_o fine_a cotton_n which_o albeit_o both_o quince_n and_o peach_n be_v clad_v and_o overgrow_v with_o in_o great_a plenty_n yet_o these_o alone_o carry_v the_o name_n thereof_o for_o otherwise_o no_o special_a property_n be_v they_o know_v by_o to_o commend_v they_o a_o number_n of_o apple_n there_o be_v beside_o that_o have_v immortalize_v their_o first_o founder_n and_o inventor_n who_o bring_v they_o into_o name_n &_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v know_v abroad_o in_o the_o world_n as_o if_o therein_o they_o have_v perform_v some_o worthy_a deed_n beneficial_a to_o all_o mankind_n in_o which_o regard_n why_o shall_v i_o think_v much_o to_o rehearse_v &_o reckon_v they_o up_o particular_o by_o name_n for_o if_o i_o be_v not_o much_o deceive_v thereby_o will_v appear_v the_o singular_a wit_n that_o some_o man_n employ_v in_o graft_n tree_n and_o how_o there_o be_v not_o so_o small_a a_o matter_n so_o it_o be_v well_o and_o cunning_o do_v but_o be_v able_a to_o get_v honour_n to_o the_o first_o author_n yea_o and_o to_o eternise_v his_o name_n for_o ever_o from_o hence_o it_o come_v that_o our_o best_a apple_n take_v their_o denomination_n of_o matius_n cestius_n manlius_n &_o claudius_n as_o for_o the_o quince-apple_n that_o come_v of_o a_o quince_n graff_v upon_o a_o apple_n stock_n they_o be_v call_v appiana_n of_o one_o appius_n who_o be_v of_o the_o claudian_a house_n and_o first_o devise_v and_o practise_v that_o feat_n these_o apple_n carry_v the_o smell_n with_o they_o of_o quince_n they_o bear_v in_o quantity_n the_o bigness_n of_o the_o claudian_a apple_n and_o be_v in_o colour_n red_a now_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v think_v that_o this_o fruit_n come_v into_o credit_n by_o reason_n only_o of_o partial_a favour_n for_o that_o the_o first_o inventor_n be_v a_o man_n descend_v from_o so_o ancient_a &_o noble_a a_o family_n let_v he_o but_o think_v of_o the_o apple_n sceptiana_n which_o be_v in_o as_o great_a request_n as_o they_o for_o their_o pass_a roundness_n and_o they_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o one_o sceptius_n their_o first_o inventor_n who_o be_v no_o better_a than_o the_o son_n of_o a_o slave_n late_o enfranchise_v cato_n make_v mention_n of_o apple_n call_v quiriana_n as_o also_o of_o scantiana_n which_o he_o say_v the_o manner_n be_v to_o put_v up_o in_o vessel_n and_o so_o keep_v they_o but_o of_o all_o other_o the_o last_o that_o be_v adopt_v and_o take_v name_n of_o their_o patron_n and_o inventor_n be_v
fire_n than_o to_o fly_v from_o it_o to_o the_o leaf_n of_o the_o ash._n a_o wonderful_a goodness_n of_o dame_n nature_n that_o the_o ash_n bloom_v and_o flourish_v always_o before_o that_o serpent_n come_v abroad_o and_o never_o shed_v leaf_n but_o continue_v green_a until_o they_o be_v retire_v into_o their_o hole_n and_o hide_a within_o the_o ground_n chap._n xiiii_o ¶_o of_o the_o line_n or_o linden_n tree_n two_o sort_n thereof_o great_a difference_n there_o be_v every_o way_n between_o the_o male_a &_o female_a linden_n tree_n for_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o male_a be_v hard_a and_o knotty_a of_o a_o red_a colour_n also_o and_o more_o odoriferous_a than_o the_o female_a the_o bark_n moreover_o be_v thick_a and_o when_o it_o be_v pluck_v from_o the_o tree_n it_o be_v stiff_a and_o will_v not_o bend_v it_o bear_v neither_o seed_n nor_o flower_n as_o the_o female_a do_v which_o also_o be_v round_a and_o big_a in_o body_n and_o the_o wood_n be_v white_a more_o fair_a and_o beautiful_a by_o far_o than_o be_v the_o male_a a_o strange_a thing_n it_o be_v to_o consider_v that_o there_o be_v no_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o world_n will_v touch_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o linden_n tree_n and_o yet_o the_o juice_n both_o of_o leaf_n and_o bark_n be_v sweet_a enough_o between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o wood_n of_o this_o tree_n there_o be_v thin_a pellicle_n or_o skin_n lie_v in_o many_o fold_n together_o whereof_o be_v make_v band_n &_o cord_n call_v brazen_a rope_n the_o fine_a of_o these_o pelican_n or_o membrans_fw-la serve_v in_o old_a time_n for_o to_o make_v label_n and_o ribbon_n belong_v to_o chaplet_n and_o it_o be_v repute_v a_o great_a honour_n to_o wear_v such_o the_o timber_n of_o the_o linden_n or_o tillet_n tree_n will_v never_o be_v worm-eaten_a tallness_n the_o tree_n itself_o be_v nothing_o tall_a but_o of_o a_o mean_a height_n howbeit_o the_o wood_n be_v very_o commodious_a chap._n xv._n ¶_o ten_o kind_n of_o the_o maple_n tree_n the_o maple_n in_o bigness_n be_v much_o about_o the_o linden_n tree_n the_o wood_n of_o it_o be_v very_o fine_a and_o beautiful_a in_o which_o regard_n it_o may_v be_v range_v in_o the_o second_o place_n and_o next_o to_o the_o very_a citron_n tree_n of_o maples_n there_o be_v many_o kind_n to_o wit_n the_o white_a and_o that_o be_v exceed_o fair_a and_o bright_a indeed_o grow_v about_o piedmont_n in_o italy_n beyond_o the_o river_n po_n &_o also_o beyond_o the_o alps_o and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o french_a maple_n a_o second_o kind_n there_o be_v which_o have_v a_o curl_a grain_n run_v too_o and_o fro_o with_o diverse_a spot_n the_o more_o excellent_a work_n whereof_o resemble_v the_o eye_n in_o the_o peacock_n tail_n thereupon_o take_v also_o the_o name_n and_o for_o this_o rare_a and_o singular_a wood_n the_o country_n of_o istria_n and_o rhaetia_n be_v chief_a as_o for_o that_o which_o have_v a_o thick_a and_o great_a grain_n it_o be_v call_v crassivenium_fw-la of_o the_o latin_n and_o be_v count_v to_o be_v of_o a_o base_a kind_n the_o greek_n distinguish_v maples_n by_o the_o diverse_a place_n where_o they_o grow_v for_o that_o of_o the_o champion_n or_o plain_a country_n which_o they_o name_v glinon_n be_v white_a and_o nothing_o crisp_v contrariwise_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o mountain_n maple_n be_v hard_a and_o more_o curl_a and_o namely_o the_o male_a of_o that_o sort_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v in_o great_a request_n for_o most_o exquisite_a and_o sumptuous_a work_n a_o three_o sort_n they_o name_n zygia_n which_o have_v a_o red_a wood_n and_o the_o same_o easy_a to_o cleave_v with_o a_o bark_n of_o a_o swear_v it_o colour_n and_o rough_a in_o handle_v other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v no_o maple_n but_o rather_o a_o tree_n by_o itself_o and_o in_o latin_a they_o call_v it_o carpinus_n chap._n xvi_o ¶_o of_o the_o boss_n wen_n and_o nodosity_n call_v bruscum_fw-la and_o molluscum_fw-la of_o the_o wild_a fistic_n or_o bladder_n nut-tree_n call_v staphylodendron_n also_o three_o kind_n of_o the_o box_n tree_n the_o bunch_n or_o knurre_n in_o the_o maple_n call_v bruscum_fw-la be_v pass_v fair_a but_o yet_o that_o which_o be_v name_v molluscum_n excel_v it_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o swell_v like_o a_o wen_n out_o of_o the_o maple_n as_o for_o the_o bruscum_fw-la it_o be_v curl_v and_o twine_v after_o a_o more_o crawl_v and_o wind_a manner_n whereas_o the_o molluscum_n be_v spread_v with_o a_o more_o direct_a and_o strait_a course_n of_o the_o grain_n and_o certes_o if_o there_o may_v be_v plank_n hereof_o find_v broad_a enough_o to_o make_v table_n doubtless_o they_o will_v be_v esteem_v and_o prefer_v before_o those_o of_o the_o citron_n wood_n but_o now_o it_o serve_v only_o for_o write_v table_n for_o painel_n also_o and_o thin_a board_n in_o wainscot_n work_v to_o set_v out_o bed_n head_n and_o ceiling_n and_o such_o be_v seldom_o see_v as_o for_o bruscum_fw-la there_o be_v table_n make_v of_o it_o incline_v to_o a_o blackish_a colour_n moreover_o there_o be_v find_v in_o alder_a tree_n such_o nodosity_n but_o not_o so_o good_a as_o those_o by_o how_o much_o the_o wood_n of_o the_o alder_n itself_o be_v inferior_a to_o the_o maple_n for_o beauty_n and_o costlines_n the_o male_a maples_n do_v put_v forth_o leaf_n and_o flourish_n before_o the_o female_a yea_o and_o those_o that_o grow_v upon_o dry_a ground_n be_v ordinary_o better_o esteem_v than_o those_o of_o moist_a and_o waterish_a place_n in_o like_a sort_n as_o the_o ash_n beyond_o the_o alps_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o bladder_n nut-tree_n whereof_o the_o wood_n be_v very_o like_a to_o the_o white_a white_a maple_n and_o the_o name_n of_o it_o be_v staphylodendron_n it_o bear_v certain_a cod_n and_o within_o the_o same_o kernel_n in_o taste_n like_o the_o filberd_n or_o hazellnut_n now_o for_o the_o box_n tree_n the_o wood_n thereof_o be_v in_o as_o great_a request_n as_o the_o very_o best_a seldom_o have_v it_o any_o grain_n crisp_v damask-wise_a and_o never_o but_o about_o the_o root_n the_o which_o be_v dudgeon_n and_o full_a of_o work_n for_o otherwise_o the_o grain_n run_v straight_o and_o even_o without_o any_o wave_a the_o wood_n be_v sad_a enough_o and_o weighty_a for_o the_o hardness_n thereof_o and_o pale_a yellow_a colour_n much_o set_v by_o and_o right_v commendable_a as_o for_o the_o tree_n itself_o gardener_n use_v to_o make_v arbour_n border_n and_o curious_a work_n thereof_o three_o sort_n there_o be_v of_o the_o box_n tree_n the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o french_a box_n it_o grow_v taper-wise_a sharp_a point_a in_o the_o top_n and_o run_v up_o to_o more_o than_o ordinary_a height_n the_o second_o be_v altogether_o wild_a and_o they_o name_v it_o oleastrum_n good_a for_o no_o use_n at_o all_o and_o beside_o careith_n a_o strong_a and_o stink_a savour_n with_o it_o the_o three_o be_v our_o italian_a box_n and_o so_o call_v of_o a_o savage_a kind_n i_o take_v this_o to_o be_v also_o howbeit_o by_o set_v and_o replant_n bring_v to_o a_o gentle_a nature_n this_o spread_v and_o branch_v more_o broad_a and_o herewith_o a_o man_n shall_v see_v the_o border_n and_o partition_n of_o quarter_n in_o a_o garden_n grow_v thick_a and_o green_a all_o the_o year_n long_o and_o keep_v orderly_o with_o cut_v and_o clip_v great_a store_n of_o box_n tree_n be_v to_o be_v see_v upon_o the_o pyrenaean_a hill_n the_o cytorian_a mountain_n and_o the_o whole_a berecynthian_a tract_n the_o thick_a and_o big_a box_n tree_n be_v in_o corsica_n and_o they_o bear_v a_o lovely_a and_o amiable_a flower_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o honey_n of_o that_o island_n be_v so_o bitter_a there_o be_v not_o a_o beast_n that_o will_v eat_v the_o fruit_n or_o grain_n thereof_o the_o box_n of_o olympus_n in_o macedon_n be_v more_o slender_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o but_o low_a of_o growth_n this_o tree_n love_v cold_a ground_n yet_o lying_z upon_o the_o sun_n the_o wood_n be_v as_o hard_a to_o burn_v as_o iron_n it_o will_v neither_o flame_n nor_o burn_v clear_a itself_o nor_o serve_v to_o make_v charcoal_n of_o chap._n xvii_o ¶_o of_o the_o elm_n four_o kind_n between_o these_o wild_a tree_n abovesaid_a and_o those_o that_o bear_v fruit_n the_o elm_n be_v reckon_v of_o a_o middle_a nature_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o timber_n that_o it_o afford_v as_o also_o of_o the_o friendship_n &_o acquaintance_n that_o it_o have_v with_o vine_n the_o greek_n acknowledge_v two_o sort_n thereof_o namely_o one_o of_o the_o mountain_n which_o be_v the_o tall_a and_o the_o big_a and_o the_o other_o of_o the_o plain_n &_o champion_n which_o be_v rather_o more_o like_o a_o shrub_n the_o branch_n that_o it_o shoot_v forth_o be_v so_o small_a and_o slender_a
pineapple_n or_o nut_n which_o cleave_v and_o open_v upon_o the_o tree_n be_v call_v zamiae_fw-la and_o well_o may_v they_o be_v so_o name_v for_o unless_o they_o be_v pluck_v they_o hurt_v and_o corrupt_v the_o rest_n the_o only_a tree_n that_o bear_v no_o fruit_n at_o all_o that_o be_v to_o say_v not_o so_o much_o as_o seed_n be_v these_o the_o tamariske_n good_a for_o nothing_o but_o to_o make_v beesom_n of_o the_o poplar_n alder_n atinian_n elm_n and_o the_o alaternus_n which_o have_v leave_v resemble_v the_o holm_n and_o partly_o the_o olive_n as_o for_o such_o tree_n which_o neither_o at_o any_o tâ—…me_n be_v set_v or_o plant_v nor_o yet_o bear_v fruit_n they_o be_v hold_v for_o unfortunate_a accurse_a and_o condemn_v in_o such_o sort_n as_o there_o be_v no_o use_n of_o they_o in_o any_o sacrifice_n or_o religious_a service_n cremutius_n write_v that_o the_o almond_n tree_n whereon_o lady_n phyllis_n hang_v herself_o have_v never_o after_o green_a leaf_n on_o it_o such_o tree_n as_o yield_v gum_n after_o they_o have_v put_v forth_o their_o bud_n do_v cleave_v and_o open_v howbeit_o the_o gum_n that_o issue_v out_o never_o come_v to_o any_o thickness_n until_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o be_v gather_v young_a tree_n common_o bear_v not_o so_o long_o as_o they_o shoot_v and_o grow_v the_o date_n tree_n the_o fig_z tree_n the_o almond_n tree_n the_o apple_n tree_n and_o the_o pyrrie_a do_v soon_o of_o all_o other_o let_v their_o fruit_n fall_v before_o it_o be_v full_o ripe_a semblable_o the_o pomegranate_n tree_n which_o be_v so_o tender_v beside_o that_o with_o every_o thick_a and_o heavy_a dew_n white_a frost_n and_o foggy_a time_n she_o will_v be_v bite_v &_o shed_v the_o blossom_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o folk_n use_v to_o bend_v the_o bough_n thereof_o downward_o to_o the_o ground_n that_o both_o dew_n and_o time_n may_v soon_o fall_v off_o which_o light_n upon_o they_o and_o otherwise_o will_v over-load_n and_o hurt_v they_o the_o pyrrie_a and_o the_o almond_n tree_n can_v abide_v close_o and_o cloudy_a weather_n especial_o if_o the_o wind_n be_v southerly_a although_o no_o rain_n do_v fall_v for_o in_o such_o day_n if_o they_o chance_v to_o blossom_n they_o not_o only_o shed_v their_o flower_n but_o lose_v their_o fruit_n new_o knit_v but_o the_o sallow_a or_o withie_a tree_n be_v of_o all_o other_o most_o ticklish_a and_o soon_o forego_v the_o seed_n or_o chat_n that_o it_o bear_v before_o it_o come_v to_o any_o ripeness_n for_o which_o cause_n call_v it_o be_v of_o homer_n â—…rugiperda_fw-la loose-fruit_n or_o spill-fruit_n howbeit_o the_o age_n ensue_v naught_o as_o it_o be_v have_v interpret_v that_o epithet_n of_o he_o in_o another_o sense_n according_a to_o the_o wicked_a experience_n they_o have_v of_o it_o whereby_o it_o be_v find_v that_o the_o seed_n thereof_o cause_v barrainesse_n in_o woman_n and_o hinder_v conception_n but_o in_o this_o regard_n nature_n have_v well_o do_v also_o to_o prevent_v this_o mischief_n and_o inconvenience_n in_o that_o she_o have_v not_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o preserve_v the_o seed_n and_o yet_o for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o whole_a kind_n she_o have_v endue_v it_o with_o this_o gift_n to_o grow_v very_o quick_o if_o a_o man_n do_v prick_v into_o the_o ground_n but_o a_o cut_n or_o twig_n thereof_o and_o yet_o by_o report_n there_o be_v one_o willow_n in_o candie_n and_o namely_o about_o the_o very_a descent_n of_o jupiters_n cave_n which_o be_v wont_n ordinary_o to_o carry_v the_o grain_n or_o seed_n thereof_o until_o it_o be_v full_a ripe_a and_o then_o be_v it_o of_o a_o rough_a and_o writhen_a shape_n of_o a_o wooden_a and_o hard_a substance_n and_o withal_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o cich_a pease_n moreover_o some_o tree_n there_o be_v that_o prove_v barren_a and_o fruitless_a by_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o imperfection_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o territory_n where_o they_o grow_v and_o namely_o in_o the_o isle_n paros_n there_o be_v a_o whole_a wood_n or_o coppise_v that_o usual_o be_v lop_v and_o cut_v but_o it_o never_o bear_v any_o fruit_n the_o peach_n tree_n in_o the_o island_n rhodos_n blossom_n only_o and_o otherwise_o be_v fruitless_a over_o and_o beside_o this_o difference_n of_o tree_n that_o some_o be_v fruitful_a and_o other_o barren_a arise_v of_o the_o sex_n also_o for_o common_o the_o male_n bear_v not_o howsoever_o some_o affirm_v clean_o contrary_a and_o say_v they_o be_v the_o male_a only_o that_o be_v fruitful_a and_o the_o female_a barren_a furthermore_o it_o fall_v out_o many_o time_n that_o tree_n be_v fruitless_a either_o because_o they_o grow_v too_o thick_a one_o by_o another_o or_o else_o be_v overcharge_v and_o too_o rank_n with_o bough_n and_o branch_n but_o of_o such_o as_o do_v bear_v some_o bring_v forth_o their_o fruit_n both_o at_o the_o side_n and_o also_o at_o the_o very_a tip_n and_o end_n of_o their_o branch_n as_o the_o pear_n tree_n pomegranate_n tree_n fig_n tree_n and_o myrtle_n as_o for_o other_o they_o be_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o corn_n and_o pulse_n for_o the_o one_o grow_v in_o the_o ear_n or_o spike_n alone_o the_o other_o by_o the_o side_n &_o not_o otherwise_o the_o date_n tree_n only_o as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o contain_v fruit_n within_o certain_a pellicle_n and_o the_o same_o hang_v down_o in_o cluster_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o grape_n other_o tree_n bear_v their_o fruit_n under_o the_o leaf_n for_o their_o safeguard_n and_o defence_n except_o the_o fig_n tree_n which_o have_v her_o fig_n above_o the_o leaf_n because_o it_o be_v so_o large_a and_o overshadowie_a moreover_o the_o leaf_n of_o the_o fig_n tree_n come_v forth_o after_o the_o fig_n one_o notable_a thing_n be_v report_v of_o a_o kind_n of_o figge-tree_n in_o cilicia_n cyprus_n and_o hellas_n to_o wit_n that_o they_o have_v this_o property_n singular_a by_o themselves_o to_o bring_v forth_o their_o perfect_a fig_n under_o leaf_n and_o their_o green_a abortive_a fig_n that_o come_v to_o no_o proof_n after_o the_o leaf_n the_o fig_n tree_n bear_v moreover_o certain_a hasty_a fig_n which_o the_o athenian_n call_v prodromos_fw-la i_o vantcourriers_a or_o forerunner_n because_o they_o be_v long_o ripe_a before_o other_o the_o laconian_a fig_n tree_n bring_v the_o fair_a and_o great_a figs._n chap._n xxvii_o ¶_o of_o tree_n that_o be_v be_v twice_o and_o thrice_o in_o one_o year_n also_o what_o tree_n soon_o wax_v old_a and_o of_o their_o age_n in_o the_o same_o country_n abovenamed_n there_o be_v fig_n tree_n also_o that_o bear_v fig_n twice_o in_o one_o year_n and_o in_o the_o island_n cea_n the_o wild_a fig_n tree_n bear_v thrice_o in_o the_o same_o year_n for_o the_o second_o increase_n be_v put_v forth_o on_o the_o first_o and_o the_o three_o upon_o the_o second_o and_o by_o this_o three_o fruit_n the_o fig_n of_o the_o tame_a fig_n tree_n receive_v their_o maturity_n by_o way_n of_o caprification_n and_o those_o wild_a green_a fig_n of_o they_o come_v forth_o above_o the_o leaf_n moreover_o there_o be_v some_o pyrry_n and_o apple_n tree_n that_o bring_v forth_o fruit_n twice_o a_o year_n as_o also_o there_o be_v other_o of_o the_o hasty_a kind_n which_o do_v bear_v both_o pear_n and_o apple_n betimes_o in_o the_o year_n there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o crab_n tree_n â—…lso_o or_o wilding_n that_o in_o like_a manner_n bear_v twice_o a_o year_n and_o the_o late_a fruit_n be_v ripe_a present_o after_o the_o midst_n of_o september_n especial_o in_o place_n lie_v well_o upon_o the_o sun_n as_o touch_v vine_n there_o be_v of_o they_o also_o that_o after_o a_o sort_n bear_v three_o time_n in_o the_o year_n which_o thereupon_o man_n call_v insanas_fw-la i._o the_o mad_a or_o foolish_a vine_n for_o while_n some_o of_o the_o grape_n be_v ripe_a other_o begin_v to_o swell_v and_o wax_v big_a and_o a_o three_o sort_n again_o be_v but_o then_o in_o the_o flower_n m._n varro_n write_v that_o in_o smyrna_n by_o the_o sea_n side_n there_o be_v a_o vine_n that_o bare_a fruit_n twice_o a_o year_n as_o also_o a_o apple_n tree_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o consentia_n but_o this_o be_v a_o ordinary_a thing_n throughout_o all_o the_o country_n about_o tacapa_n in_o africa_n and_o never_o be_v it_o see_v otherwise_o there_o so_o fertile_a be_v the_o soil_n but_o thereof_o will_v we_o write_v more_o at_o large_a hereafter_o in_o another_o place_n as_o for_o the_o cypress_n tree_n they_o fail_v not_o but_o come_v with_o fruit_n thrice_o in_o one_o year_n and_o their_o berry_n be_v gather_v in_o januarie_n may_n and_o september_n and_o all_o of_o a_o diverse_a bigness_n one_o from_o the_o other_o over_o and_o beside_o the_o very_a tree_n themselves_o be_v not_o lade_v with_o fruit_n after_o one_o and_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o the_o arbut_n
come_v out_o of_o the_o balear_n island_n for_o a_o modius_n of_o that_o wheat_n yield_v in_o bread_n 30_o pound_n weigâ—…_n yet_o otherwhiles_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o some_o kind_n of_o wheat_n be_v blend_v two_o sort_n together_o 〈◊〉_d namely_o that_o of_o cyprus_n and_o alexandria_n whereof_o neither_o exceed_v little_a or_o nothing_o more_o than_o 20_o pound_n weight_n to_o the_o modius_n that_o the_o bread_n make_v thereof_o will_v arise_v to_o the_o ordinary_a proportion_n for_o the_o cyprian_a wheat_n be_v not_o bright_a but_o brown_a and_o duskish_a and_o therefore_o make_v a_o black_a kind_n of_o bread_n in_o which_o regard_n the_o alexandrian_a wheat_n which_o be_v fair_a and_o white_a be_v mix_v with_o it_o and_o so_o both_o together_o do_v yield_v in_o bread_n 25_o pound_n weight_n the_o wheat_n of_o thebes_n add_v a_o surplusage_n thereto_o of_o one_o pound_n as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o work_v and_o knead_v dough_n i_o like_v not_o their_o fashion_n who_o take_v sea_n water_n for_o that_o purpose_n as_o most_o do_v that_o inhabit_v the_o sea_n coast_n think_v thereby_o to_o save_v the_o charge_n of_o salt_n for_o i_o hold_v this_o very_a hurtful_a and_o dangerous_a neither_o do_v i_o think_v that_o upon_o any_o other_o cause_v man_n body_n be_v make_v more_o subject_a to_o malady_n than_o by_o this_o mean_n in_o france_n &_o spain_n when_o the_o brewer_n have_v steep_v their_o wheat_n or_o frument_n in_o water_n and_o mash_v it_o for_o their_o â—…urmi_fw-la drink_n of_o diverse_a sort_n as_o heretofore_o have_v be_v show_v they_o take_v the_o barm_n scum_n or_o froth_n that_o gather_v aloft_o by_o the_o work_n of_o the_o wort_n and_o use_v the_o same_o in_o stead_n of_o leven_a for_o to_o make_v their_o bread_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o their_o bread_n be_v light_a and_o more_o houve_v up_o than_o any_o other_o moreover_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o wheat_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o straw_n or_o stalk_n that_o bear_v it_o for_o the_o thick_a that_o it_o be_v and_o more_o full_a the_o better_a be_v the_o corn_n take_v to_o be_v the_o thracian_a wheat_n be_v enclose_v and_o well_o clad_v as_o it_o be_v with_o many_o tunicle_n and_o coat_n thorough_o provide_v by_o that_o mean_n and_o good_a cause_n why_o to_o resist_v the_o excessive_a cold_a of_o that_o climate_n which_o give_v the_o thracian_n just_a occasion_n also_o to_o cast_v about_o and_o devise_v to_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o wheat_n that_o remain_v upon_o the_o ground_n not_o above_o three_o month_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o snow_n overspread_v the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n all_o the_o year_n â—…esides_v and_o very_o this_o kind_n of_o corn_n be_v come_v into_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o light_o within_o three_o month_n after_o it_o be_v sow_v you_o shall_v have_v it_o ready_a to_o be_v reap_v a_o practice_n well_o know_v all_o the_o alps_n over_o and_o in_o other_o cold_a and_o winterly_a region_n where_o by_o report_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n this_o kind_n of_o corn_n do_v wondrous_a well_o and_o none_o prosper_v better_a or_o grow_v more_o rank_n than_o it_o over_o and_o beside_o there_o be_v another_o kind_n of_o wheat_n that_o put_v up_o from_o every_o root_n one_o stalk_n and_o no_o more_o in_o any_o place_n whatsoever_o the_o manner_n be_v to_o sow_v it_o in_o no_o ground_n but_o that_o which_o be_v light_n and_o it_o never_o miss_v also_o about_o the_o thracian_a gulf_n there_o be_v wheat_n that_o within_o 40_o day_n after_o the_o sow_v will_v be_v ripe_a and_o thereupon_o it_o be_v call_v the_o two-month_n wheat_n and_o will_v you_o hear_v a_o wonder_n there_o be_v no_o wheat_n more_o weighty_a than_o it_o and_o beside_o it_o yield_v no_o bran_n at_o all_o in_o sicily_n and_o achaia_n both_o there_o be_v great_a use_n thereof_o and_o namely_o among_o the_o mountainer_n of_o those_o two_o country_n much_o seek_v also_o there_o be_v after_o that_o corn_n in_o the_o isle_n euboea_n about_o carystus_n see_v how_o much_o columella_n be_v deceive_v who_o think_v that_o there_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v so_o much_o as_o any_o kind_n of_o three_o month_n wheat_n whereas_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o such_o have_v be_v of_o old_a and_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n the_o greek_n also_o have_v a_o proper_a name_n for_o it_o and_o call_v it_o trimenon_n furthermore_o it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o country_n bactriana_n there_o be_v some_o corn_n of_o that_o bigness_n that_o every_o grain_n be_v full_a as_o much_o as_o one_o of_o the_o ear_n of_o we_o but_o to_o return_v again_o to_o our_o husbandry_n of_o all_o spiked_a corn_n barley_n be_v sow_v first_o but_o i_o purpose_v to_o set_v down_o the_o very_a just_a time_n and_o season_n apropriat_a to_o each_o kind_n according_a to_o the_o several_a nature_n of_o every_o sort_n which_o may_v meaning_n also_o be_v to_o declare_v mean_o while_o i_o can_v omit_v that_o there_o be_v among_o the_o indian_n barley_n both_o sow_v and_o also_o wild_a whereof_o they_o make_v the_o best_a bread_n that_o they_o have_v as_o for_o we_o italian_n to_o say_v a_o truth_n we_o set_v most_o store_n by_o rice_n whereof_o be_v husked_a and_o cleanse_v we_o make_v groat_n like_v for_o all_o the_o world_n to_o those_o which_o other_o man_n beside_o do_v make_v of_o barley_n husked_a the_o leave_v very_o that_o this_o grain_n rice_n do_v bear_v be_v pulpous_a and_o fleshy_a resemble_v porret_fw-la or_o leek_n but_o that_o they_o be_v broad_a the_o stem_n grow_v a_o cubit_n high_a the_o flower_n be_v of_o purple_a colour_n and_o the_o root_n round_o like_o a_o gem_n or_o pearl_n barley_n husked_a be_v the_o most_o ancient_a meat_n in_o old_a time_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o ordinary_a custom_n of_o the_o athenian_n according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o menander_n as_o also_o by_o the_o addition_n or_o surname_n give_v to_o sword-fencer_n who_o upon_o their_o allowance_n or_o pension_n give_v they_o in_o barley_n be_v call_v hordearij_fw-la i._o barley-man_n the_o ordinary_a dry_a grout_n or_o meal_n also_o polenta_fw-la which_o the_o greek_n so_o high_o commend_v be_v make_v of_o nothing_o else_o but_o of_o barley_n and_o the_o prepare_v thereof_o be_v after_o sundry_a way_n the_o manner_n that_o the_o greek_n use_v be_v first_o to_o steep_v the_o barley_n in_o water_n and_o give_v it_o one_o night_n dry_v the_o morrow_n after_o they_o parch_v or_o fry_v it_o and_o then_o ground_n it_o in_o a_o mill_n other_o there_o be_v who_o when_o it_o be_v well_o fry_a and_o parch_a hard_a besprinkle_v it_o once_o again_o with_o a_o little_a water_n and_o then_o dry_v it_o before_o it_o be_v ground_n there_o be_v some_o again_o who_o take_v the_o ear_n of_o barley_n when_o they_o be_v green_a beat_z &_o drive_v the_o corn_n out_o and_o while_o it_o be_v fresh_a and_o new_a cleanse_v it_o pure_a which_o do_v they_o infuse_v it_o in_o water_n and_o while_o it_o be_v wet_a bray_v it_o in_o a_o mortar_n then_o they_o wash_v it_o well_o in_o osier_n panier_n and_o so_o let_v the_o water_n run_v from_o it_o and_o be_v dry_v in_o the_o sun_n they_o pound_n or_o stamp_v it_o again_o and_o be_v thorough_o husk_v and_o cleanse_v grind_v it_o into_o meal_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a now_o when_o it_o be_v thus_o prepare_v one_o way_n or_o other_o to_o twenty_o pound_n of_o this_o barley_n they_o put_v of_o line_n seed_n three_o pound_n of_o corâ—…ander_n seed_n half_o a_o pound_n of_o salt_n about_o two_o 〈◊〉_d ounce_n and_o two_o dram_n and_o after_o they_o have_v parch_a they_o all_o well_o they_o blend_v they_o together_o and_o grind_v they_o in_o a_o quem_fw-la they_o that_o will_v have_v this_o meal_n to_o keep_v long_o put_v up_o into_o new_a earthen_a vessel_n all_o together_o both_o flower_n and_o bran_n but_o in_o italy_n they_o never_o use_v to_o steep_v or_o soak_v it_o in_o water_n but_o present_o parch_v it_o and_o grind_v it_o small_a into_o a_o fine_a meal_n put_v thereto_o the_o former_a ingredient_n and_o the_o grain_n of_o millet_n beside_o as_o for_o bread_n of_o barley_n so_o much_o use_v of_o our_o forefather_n in_o old_a time_n the_o posterity_n that_o live_v after_o find_v to_o be_v naught_o and_o condemn_v it_o in_o such_o sort_n as_o they_o allow_v it_o for_o provender_n only_o to_o feed_v their_o beast_n and_o cattle_n with_o but_o in_o stead_n thereof_o come_v up_o the_o use_n of_o 〈◊〉_d husked_a barley_n to_o be_v sod_v for_o gruel_n so_o high_o commend_v as_o a_o most_o nutritive_a and_o strong_a meat_n and_o withal_o pass_v wholesome_a for_o man_n body_n insomuch_o as_o hypocrates_n who_o for_o skill_n and_o knowledge_n be_v the_o prince_n of_o all_o physician_n have_v write_v one_o whole_a book_n in_o the_o praise_n
there_o be_v who_o drink_n the_o same_o for_o to_o purge_v both_o upward_a and_o downward_o for_o otherwise_o a_o enemy_n it_o be_v to_o the_o stomach_n in_o which_o potion_n if_o there_o be_v put_v some_o salt_n it_o do_v evacuat_a phlegm_n but_o with_o salt_n petre_n it_o void_v choleric_a humour_n if_o the_o patient_a have_v a_o mind_n to_o purge_v by_o siege_n he_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o drink_v the_o juice_n of_o tithymall_a in_o water_n and_o vinegar_n mingle_v together_o but_o if_o he_o be_v dispose_v to_o vomit_v it_o be_v better_a to_o drink_v it_o in_o cuit_n or_o mead_n the_o ordinary_a dose_n be_v three_o obol_n thereof_o in_o a_o potion_n but_o the_o better_a way_n be_v to_o take_v the_o fig_n prepare_v as_o be_v beforesaid_a after_o meat_n and_o even_o so_o take_v in_o some_o sort_n the_o juice_n do_v sting_v the_o throat_n and_o set_v it_o on_o fire_n for_o to_o say_v a_o truth_n of_o so_o hot_a a_o nature_n it_o be_v that_o alone_a of_o itself_o be_v apply_v outward_o unto_o any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n it_o raise_v pimple_n and_o blister_n no_o less_o than_o fire_n in_o which_o regard_n it_o be_v use_v for_o a_o caustick_a or_o potential_a cautery_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o the_o tithymall_a be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n myrsinites_n which_o other_o call_v caryites_n the_o reason_n of_o the_o one_o name_n be_v this_o for_o that_o it_o bear_v sharp_a point_v and_o pricky_a leaf_n in_o manner_n of_o the_o myrtle_n but_o that_o they_o be_v somewhat_o more_o tender_a and_o the_o same_o grow_v in_o rough_a place_n like_o as_o the_o former_a the_o bushy_a head_n or_o tuft_n of_o this_o tithymall_a will_v be_v gather_v when_o barley_n begin_v to_o swell_v in_o the_o ear_n &_o so_o they_o be_v let_v to_o take_v their_o dry_n in_o the_o shade_n 9_o day_n together_o for_o in_o the_o sun_n they_o will_v be_v wither_v in_o that_o space_n the_o fruit_n which_o this_o plant_n bear_v do_v not_o ripen_v all_o together_o in_o one_o season_n but_o some_o part_n thereof_o remain_v against_o the_o next_o year_n and_o the_o say_a fruit_n be_v call_v the_o tithymal_a nut_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o greek_n have_v impose_v upon_o it_o that_o second_o name_n caryites_n the_o proper_a time_n to_o gather_v and_o cut_v down_o this_o herb_n be_v when_o corn_n be_v ripe_a in_o the_o field_n and_o ready_a to_o be_v reap_v or_o mow_v which_o be_v wash_v must_v afterward_o be_v lay_v forth_o a_o dry_n &_o so_o they_o use_v to_o give_v it_o with_o two_o part_n or_o twice_o as_o much_o of_o black_a poppy_n yet_o so_o as_o the_o whole_a dose_n may_v not_o exceed_v one_o acetable_a this_o tithymall_a be_v nothing_o so_o strong_a a_o vomitory_n as_o the_o former_a no_o more_o be_v the_o rest_n whereof_o i_o will_v speak_v anon_o some_o there_o be_v who_o give_v the_o leaf_n also_o with_o black_a poppy_n after_o the_o foresay_a proportion_n &_o the_o very_a nut_n or_o fruit_n itself_o alone_o in_o mead_n or_o cuit_n or_o else_o if_o they_o put_v any_o thing_n thereto_o it_o must_v be_v sesame_n and_o true_o in_o this_o manner_n it_o send_v phlegmatic_a &_o choleric_a humour_n away_o by_o siege_n this_o tithymal_n be_v singular_a for_o the_o sore_n in_o the_o mouth_n but_o for_o cankerous_a and_o corrosive_n ulcer_n indeed_o which_o corrode_v deep_o into_o the_o mouth_n it_o be_v good_a to_o chew_v and_o eat_v the_o same_o with_o honey_n the_o three_o kind_n of_o tithymall_a be_v call_v paralius_n or_o tithymalis_fw-la this_o herb_n put_v forth_o round_o leave_v rise_v up_o with_o a_o stalk_n a_o span_n or_o hand_n full_a high_a the_o branch_n be_v red_a and_o the_o seed_n white_a which_o ought_v to_o be_v gather_v when_o the_o grape_n begin_v to_o show_v black_a upon_o the_o vine_n and_o be_v dry_v and_o make_v into_o powder_n be_v a_o sufficient_a purgation_n so_o it_o be_v take_v inward_o to_o the_o measure_n of_o one_o acetable_a the_o four_o theophrast_n kind_n be_v name_v helioscopium_n the_o leaf_n whereof_o resemble_v purcellane_n and_o from_o the_o root_n it_o put_v forth_o 4_o or_o 5_o small_a upright_a branch_n which_o be_v likewise_o red_a and_o half_a a_o foot_n high_a the_o same_o also_o be_v full_a of_o juice_n or_o milk_n this_o herb_n delight_v to_o grow_v about_o town_n side_n bear_v a_o white_a seed_n wherein_o dove_n &_o pigeon_n take_v exceed_o great_a pleasure_n which_o also_o be_v ordinary_o gather_v when_o the_o grape_n make_v some_o show_n of_o ripen_v it_o take_v this_o name_n helioscopium_n for_o that_o it_o turn_v the_o head_n which_o it_o bear_v round_o about_o with_o the_o sun_n half_a a_o acetable_a thereof_o take_v in_o oxymel_n purge_v choler_n downward_o and_o in_o other_o case_n use_v it_o be_v like_v as_o the_o former_a tithymall_a name_v characias_fw-la the_o five_o man_n call_v cyparissias_n for_o the_o resemblance_n that_o the_o leaf_n have_v to_o those_o of_o the_o cypress_n tree_n it_o rise_v up_o with_o a_o double_a or_o threefold_a stem_n and_o love_v to_o grow_v in_o champain_n place_n of_o the_o same_o operation_n and_o virtue_n it_o be_v that_o helioscopium_n and_o characias_n beforenamed_a the_o six_o tithymal_n be_v common_o call_v platyphyllos_n although_o some_o name_n it_o corymbite_v other_o amygdalites_n for_o the_o resemblance_n that_o it_o have_v to_o the_o almond_n tree_n there_o be_v not_o a_o tithymal_n have_v broad_a leaf_n than_o it_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o first_o and_o usual_a name_n platyphyllos_n it_o be_v good_a to_o diose_fw-la kill_v fish_n it_o purge_v the_o belly_n if_o either_o the_o root_n leaf_n or_o juice_n be_v take_v in_o honey_a wine_n or_o in_o mead_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o four_o dram_n a_o special_a virtue_n it_o have_v to_o draw_v water_n downward_o from_o all_o other_o humour_n the_o seven_o be_v call_v common_o dendroide_n and_o yet_o some_o give_v it_o the_o name_n cobion_fw-la other_o leptophyllon_n ordinary_o it_o be_v find_v grow_v upon_o rock_n and_o of_o all_o other_o carry_v the_o fair_a head_n likewise_o the_o stem_n be_v red_a and_o the_o seed_n show_v in_o most_o plenty_n the_o effect_n be_v all_o one_o with_o those_o of_o characias_n as_o touch_v the_o plant_n call_v apios_n ischas_n or_o rhaphanos-agria_a i._n the_o wild_a radish_n it_o put_v forth_o two_o or_o three_o stalk_n like_o bent_n or_o rush_n spread_v along_o the_o ground_n and_o those_o be_v red_a and_o the_o leaf_n resemble_v rue_v the_o root_n be_v like_o a_o onion_n head_n but_o that_o it_o be_v large_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o some_o have_v call_v it_o the_o wild_a radish_n this_o root_n have_v a_o white_a fleshy_a substance_n within_o but_o the_o skin_n or_o rind_n thereof_o be_v black_a it_o grow_v usual_o upon_o rough_a mountain_n and_o otherwise_o in_o fair_a green_n 〈◊〉_d full_a of_o grass_n the_o right_a season_n to_o dig_v up_o this_o root_n be_v in_o the_o spring_n which_o be_v stamp_v and_o strain_v they_o use_v to_o put_v in_o a_o earthen_a pot_n where_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o stand_v &_o look_v what_o it_o cast_v up_o and_o swim_v aloft_o they_o scum_v off_o and_o throw_v away_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o juice_n thus_o clarify_v purge_v both_o way_n if_o it_o be_v take_v to_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o obolus_fw-la &_o a_o half_a in_o mead_n or_o honey_a water_n and_o in_o that_o manner_n prepare_v it_o be_v give_v to_o those_o that_o be_v in_o a_o dropsy_n the_o full_a measure_n of_o one_o acetable_a the_o powder_n also_o of_o the_o root_n dry_v be_v good_a to_o spice_n a_o cup_n for_o a_o purgation_n and_o as_o they_o say_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o root_n purge_v dioscor_n choler_n upward_o by_o vomit_n whereas_o the_o nether_a part_n do_v it_o by_o siege_n downward_o now_o for_o the_o pain_n and_o wring_v which_o oftentimes_o torment_v the_o poorebelly_n all_o the_o kind_n of_o panace_n and_o betony_n be_v singular_a to_o assuage_v and_o allay_v they_o plain_a unless_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v occasion_v by_o crudity_n and_o indigestion_n as_o for_o the_o juice_n of_o harstrang_a it_o dissolve_v ventosity_n for_o it_o break_v wind_n upward_o and_o cause_v one_o to_o rift_v so_o do_v the_o root_n of_o calamus_fw-la acorus_n also_o carot_n if_o they_o be_v eat_v in_o a_o salad_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o oil_n lettuce_n for_o the_o infirmity_n proper_a to_o the_o gut_n &_o namely_o the_o worm_n there_o breed_v laudanum_n of_o cypress_n be_v sovereign_a to_o be_v take_v in_o drink_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o powder_n of_o gentian_n drink_v in_o warm_a water_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o a_o bean_n plantain_n likewise_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n if_o there_o be_v take_v of_o it_o first_o in_o a_o morning_n to_o the_o quantity_n of_o 2_o
it_o to_o exhibit_v a_o spectacle_n whereat_o the_o world_n shall_v lament_v and_o cry_v out_o in_o detestation_n of_o fortune_n no_o less_o iwis_o than_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o bone_n and_o relic_n of_o king_n alexander_n the_o great_a his_o corpse_n to_o be_v lay_v solemn_o in_o his_o sepulchre_n and_o herein_o he_o please_v himself_o not_o a_o little_a titus_n petronius_n late_a consul_n of_o rome_n when_o he_o lie_v at_o the_o point_n of_o death_n call_v for_o a_o fair_a broad-mouthed_a cup_n of_o cassidoine_n which_o have_v cost_v he_o beforetime_n talent_n three_o hundred_o thousand_o sesterce_n and_o present_o break_v it_o in_o piece_n in_o hatred_n and_o despite_n of_o nero_n for_o fear_n lest_o the_o same_o prince_n may_v have_v seize_v upon_o it_o after_o his_o disease_n and_o therewith_o furnish_v his_o own_o board_n but_o nero_n himself_o as_o it_o become_v a_o emperor_n indeed_o go_v beyond_o all_o other_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o excess_n who_o buy_v one_o 〈◊〉_d drink_v cup_n that_o stand_v he_o in_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o festerce_n a_o memorable_a matter_n no_o doubt_n that_o a_o emperor_n a_o father_n and_o patron_n of_o his_o country_n shall_v drink_v in_o a_o cup_n so_o dear_a but_o before_o i_o proceed_v any_o far_a it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o we_o have_v these_o rich_a cassidoine_a vessel_n call_v in_o latin_a murrâ—…ina_n from_o out_o of_o the_o levant_n for_o find_v they_o be_v in_o many_o place_n of_o the_o east_n part_n and_o those_o otherwise_o not_o great_o renown_v but_o most_o within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o parthia_n howbeit_o the_o principal_a come_v from_o out_o of_o carmania_n the_o stone_n whereof_o these_o vessel_n be_v make_v be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o certain_a humour_n thicken_v and_o bake_v as_o it_o be_v within_o the_o ground_n by_o the_o natural_a heat_n thereof_o in_o no_o place_n shali_fw-la a_o man_n meet_v with_o any_o of_o these_o stone_n large_a than_o small_a tablement_n of_o pillar_n or_o counting-bourds_a and_o seldom_o be_v they_o so_o thick_a as_o to_o serve_v for_o such_o a_o drink_a cup_n as_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o already_o resplendent_a they_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n but_o that_o brightness_n be_v not_o pierce_v and_o to_o say_v a_o truth_n it_o may_v be_v call_v rather_o a_o polish_n gloss_n or_o lustre_n than_o a_o radiant_a and_o transparent_a clearness_n but_o that_o which_o make_v they_o so_o much_o esteem_v be_v the_o variety_n of_o colour_n for_o in_o these_o stone_n a_o man_n shall_v perceive_v certain_a vein_n or_o spot_n which_o as_o they_o be_v turn_v about_o resemble_v diverse_a colour_n incline_v partly_o to_o purple_a and_o partly_o to_o white_a he_o shall_v see_v they_o aâ—…o_o of_o a_o three_o colour_n compose_v of_o they_o both_o resemble_v the_o flame_n of_o fire_n thus_o they_o pass_v from_o one_o to_o another_o as_o a_o man_n hold_v they_o in_o so_o much_o as_o their_o candescenâ—…e_n purple_a seem_v to_o stand_v much_o upon_o white_a and_o rubâ—…_n their_o milky_a white_a to_o bear_v as_o much_o upon_o the_o purple_a some_o esteem_v those_o cassidoine_n or_o murrhene_a stone_n rich_a which_o represent_v as_o it_o be_v certain_a reverberation_n of_o sundry_a colour_n meet_v all_o together_o about_o their_o edge_n and_o extremity_n such_o as_o we_o observe_v in_o rainbow_n other_o be_v delight_v with_o cerataine_a fatty_a spot_n appear_v in_o they_o and_o no_o account_n be_v make_v of_o they_o which_o show_v either_o pale_a or_o transparent_a in_o any_o part_n of_o they_o for_o these_o be_v reckon_v great_a fault_n and_o blemish_n in_o like_a manner_n if_o there_o be_v see_v in_o the_o cassidoine_n any_o spot_n like_o corn_n or_o grain_n of_o salt_n if_o it_o contain_v resemblance_n of_o wert_n although_o they_o bear_v not_o up_o but_o lie_v flat_a as_o they_o do_v many_o time_n in_o our_o body_n final_o the_o cassidoine_a stone_n be_v commend_v in_o some_o sort_n also_o for_o the_o smell_n that_o they_o do_v yield_v as_o touch_v crystal_n it_o proceed_v of_o a_o contrary_a cause_n namely_o of_o cold_a for_o a_o liquor_n it_o be_v congeal_v by_o extreme_a frost_n in_o manner_n of_o ice_n and_o for_o the_o proof_n hereof_o you_o shall_v find_v crystal_n in_o no_o place_n else_o but_o where_o the_o winter_n snow_n be_v freeze_v hard_o so_o as_o we_o may_v bold_o say_v it_o be_v very_a ice_n and_o nothing_o else_o whereupon_o the_o greek_n have_v give_v it_o the_o right_a name_n crystallos_n i._o ice_n we_o have_v this_o crystal_n likewise_o out_o of_o the_o east-part_n but_o there_o be_v none_o better_a than_o that_o which_o india_n send_v to_o us._n engender_v it_o be_v also_o in_o asia_n and_o namely_o about_o alabanda_n ortosia_n and_o the_o mountain_n adjoin_v but_o in_o request_n it_o be_v not_o no_o more_o than_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o cyprus_n howbeit_o there_o be_v excellent_a crystal_n within_o europe_n and_o namely_o upon_o the_o crest_n of_o the_o alps._n king_n juba_n write_v that_o in_o a_o certain_a island_n lie_v beyond_o the_o red_a sea_n over-against_o arabia_n name_v neâ—…n_o neron_n there_o grow_v crystal_n as_o also_o in_o another_o thereby_o which_o yield_v the_o chrysolite_n topase_o precious_a stone_n where_o pythagoras_n lieutenant_n or_o governor_n under_o king_n ptolemy_n dig_v forth_o a_o piece_n which_o carry_v a_o cubit_n in_o length_n cornelius_n nepos_n bocchus_n affirm_v that_o in_o portugal_n upon_o certain_a exceed_a high_a mountain_n where_o they_o sink_v pit_n for_o the_o level_a of_o the_o water_n there_o be_v find_v great_a crystal_n quarter_n or_o mass_n of_o a_o wonderful_a weight_n but_o marvelous_a be_v that_o which_o xenocrates_n the_o ephesian_a report_v namely_o that_o in_o asia_n and_o cyprus_n there_o be_v piece_n of_o crystal_n turn_v up_o with_o the_o very_a plough_n so_o ebb_v it_o lierh_n within_o the_o ground_n a_o incredible_a thing_n consider_v that_o beforetime_n no_o man_n believe_v that_o ever_o it_o can_v be_v find_v 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