seynge they be of all other mooste cruell me thynke it shulde be greatter pleasure for them to suffer vs to lyue thus wretchedly than to slee vs. Wee beseche the noble capitaine that it maye bee lefull for vs to lyue in nedynesse that it may be lefull for vs seyng our goodes be gone after the maner of our forefathers to haue our bodies at lybertie that the vsurers beynge contente wyth our goodes shall not desyre our lyues and bloude to be spylte that seynge they haue berefte vs of all that euer we had that they also take not from vs this lyght common to vs all Whych thynge worthye capitaine if we can not opteyne wee haue determined rather to dye wyth manye then to peryshe alone ¶ Q. Marcius answered the ambassadours and sayde that they had done bothe folyshelye and proudelye that they of their owne myndes agaynste the lawes and maners of their forefathers had armed them selfes It behoued them if they wolde haue had any thynge to haue asked it of the Senate and not to haue runne to harneys The Senate and the people of Rome haue alway ben founde mercifull and that nowe also if they wolde require any thynge they shulde fyrste laye awaye theyr harneys leste it shoulde seme that they eyther by vyolence or els for drede wolde opteyne theyr purpose And so than in lowly and humble wise to go vnto the Senate and aske forgyuenesse for theyr offences and that he doubted not but they shulde optayne what soo euer they desyred of the senate For the Senate hath alway vsed suche iustice and gentilnes that they neuer denyed any man theyr helpe that iustely desyred it And that theyr parlyament house had alwaye ben for al nations and namely for such as were in misery and wanted succour a castel and refuge The ambassadours with that answere returned ageyne to Manlius ¶ The fury and fiersenesse of Catiline Cap. xvi AND all be it fierce Catiline sawe the cytie strongelye kepte and defended wythe good watche and warde and the consull verye circumspecte and diligente to make prouision to withstande hym yet he prepared and attempted his purpose his cruell mynde was stil occupied thervppon But he did nothinge he pursued nothinge he wente about or pretended nothynge but M. Cicero knewe it and dyd lette it yet for al that he woulde not cesse to folowe hys wycked will and purpose Such a greate fury the companion of mischiefe and audacitie had embraced his vnbridled minde and importune nature that no dreede no reason no peryll none aduersitie nor all thinges that went ageinste hym coude make him reuoke his vehemente desire Therefore when he this hopeloste sawe that none of his attemptates went forward he thought now to proue what he coulde do apertlye and by open warre for those thynges that he had attempted priuely came foule and crokedlye to passe He determyned to take his iourney to Manlyus and to augmente the army before the Pretours had gathered theyr strengthe togther and withe baners displayed to haste theym to the citye ¶ And soo in the deade tyme of the nighte he assembled together in the house of M. Lecca all the chiefe of the conspiracy to councel with them how this warre shuld be maynteyned This nighte of all times was mooste sharpe and bitter Than all the partes and prouinces of Italie were distributed than the daye that Catiline shulde take his iourneie to the armye was appoynted than they ordered in what state all other shulde stande that remayned behynd than they constituted a description throughe al the citie of slaughter and burninge But those thynges were after this maner and fourme diuided amonge them that Catiline shoulde take his iourney to the army That Antonius shulde take and posses Tuscayne Marcus Ceparius Apulia C. Marcellus Capua and other shulde haue other places of Italie Lentulus shuld remayne in the citye Cassius and Statilius shulde set fyre on .xij partes of the citie Cetegus and with hym Gabinius shoulde haue the procurement of the murther and slaughter that shulde bee done The nighte that they intended to accomplisshe these thinges they ordeined also that whan Catiline with his armie shulde approche the citie L. Beastia shuld make an oracion to stere the people to the enuye and hatred of Cicero bycause he hadde worthfully prouoked Catiline to reyse warre and by that token the same nyght folowinge euery man shulde go about hys busynesse These thynges thus ordeyned and done Catiline saide one thynge letted hym moche that Cicero lyued and that his mynde and wil was before he tooke his iourneye to the armye to oppresse hym for with his wytte and counsell he wolde be a greate lette and hynderaunce to them Than C. Cornelius and L. Vargunteius knightes of Rome desyred that they might haue the doinge therof and promysed that they wolde go erelye in the mornyng to salute hym and so for good loue and amitie beinge let in they wolde sle hym in his bed But the consull hauynge knowledge of this thynge by Q. Curius fortified and fenced his house with greate strengthe of men and kepte his gates shutte agaynste theym that came to slee hym in the morninge Some write that it was not L. Vargunteyus but C. Cethegus with C. Cornelius that vndertoke to slee the consull But it appereth in Saluste and Cicero that they erre in thys as they do in many other thynges ¶ Whan the conspiratoures had orneyned instituted and prepared those thynges the consulles myndes was troubled with wante great and greuous thoughts whithe wolde not suffer hym to take rest neyther night nor daye Fyrst he was verye careful how he myghte defende the common weale whiche was at that tyme a great thing and right diffieile seinge he had to do with a man so valiante so vehement so cruel so wylye and so watchfull aboute myschiefe Secondly he was careful for the treason and snares that were daylye so dyuysed and layde for hym that it semed they coulde by no meanes be eschewed for the secrete and hid hatreds are more peryllous than the manifest and open For he that is an open ennemye in takinge good hede may easely be eschewed but the cloked ennemyes often tymes oppressen before it can be perceyued what it is Wherfore seinge that al the conspiratours desyred much to destroye the consul and who they were was verye harde to knowe he must nedes mistruste some of his frendes This also was an other cause whyche much moued the mynde of the righte worthy consull that he coude with no diligence with no defence with noo meanes turne Catilines courage Wherefore the consul beinge vered and troubled weth these so manie and so great difficulteis and that at one selfe tyme determyned to dysclose the matter to the sanete for so moche as those matters whiche he wolde declare and semed vnto some incredithe greate heynousenes of the mischiefe in the ofte and manye thynges openynge to the Senate his wordes shulde be the better beleued
a thing warre is what yuels chanceth to them that are conquered the virgins rauished the yong babes and children vyolently pulled out of the fathers and mothers armes the honeste wyues must suffre what soo euer please the subduers the temples and houses are spoyled slaughter and burnynges are done finally all thinges fylled with armour carcases bloud and lamentations But tell me I praye you wherto serueth that oration was it to stomake you ageynst the conspiracy If so greate and so cruell a dede will not moue a mans spirites shall an oration kendell hym It is not lykely Nor there is no mortall creature that thinkethe his wronges littell many haue taken these their iniuries more greuousely than ryght required But some thinge honorable fathers may better be suffered in some men than in other some If the priuate persons that lyue obscurely vnknowen coÌ„mit through anger any dishoneste dede Fewe knowe it Their fame fortune are egal The greate rulars and hygh gouernours all men knowe their actes So in hyghest felycitie is least libertye to do a mysse It besemeth suche menne not to be spitefull not to beare hatred but in no wyse to be angry The affection which in other is called anger in the hygh rulars is named Pride and crueltie Surely honorable fathers I deme all turmentes lasse than their detestable dedes But many men remeÌ„bring the last punishementes and forgettinge the mischeuous dede of the transgressours they reason of the peyne whether it be more cruell than it shulde be I surely knowe that what so euer the honorable and moste valiant man D. Syllanus hathe sayde he spake it for the great affection that he beareth to the common weale Neyther hath he in so weyghty a cause said any thynge for fauour nor yet for hatred I know his maners and sobrenes to be suche Truly his sentence to me semeth not cruel for what cruelty can be done to suche menne but yet not all thynge agreable to the common weale For certeynely either dreade or iniury hath constreyned you Syllanus chosen consull for the yere to come to adiudge the conspiratours to suffer a new kynde of punishement As touchyng feare to reason therof it were but in vayne namely sith the great dyligence of the noble consul hathe soo strongly warded and defended the cyty with men of armes As concernynge their punishment I may speke as the truthe is that death to those that be in heuynes and misery is not a tourmente but rather a quyet and rest from all wofull wretchednes For death fynishethe all griefes and euyls that mortall creatures endure But I pray you Syllane why dyd you not adde that they shulde be fyrst beaten was it bycause the lawe Portia or some other lawes do prohibit it Lykewyse the lawes forbyd that citezins condemned shulde be put to death but they commaunde to banishe them Left ye that vnspoken bycause it is more greuous to be beaten than to be put to deathe And yet what punyshemente is to cruell or greuous to men conuicte of soo greate and detestable a deede But if you spake not of beatynge bycause it is easier howe inconuenient is it to feare the lawe in the lesse busines and to neglecte it in the greater For who shall reprehend that that is decreed ageynst traitours to the common weale Tyme day fortune after whose luste nations are ruled To them what soo euer euyll hapneth chanceth accordyng to their deseruinges But consider honorable fathers what lawes ye ordeyne for other All euyl examples take their beginning of good thiÌ„ges for after imperial gouernaunce instituted by good meÌ„ came to the handling of those that were euyl the new exaÌ„ple was transferred from the worthy and mete to the vnworthy vnmet persones Whan the Lacedemonians had subdued the Athemenses they ordeyned .xxx. menne to rule the common weale They at the fyrst put no man to death but suche as for their offences were iustely condemned The people was ryght glade of this law and sayde it was very well done But after this licence increasinge by littell and littel they slewe for their pleasure as well good men as bad and put the other in feare and so the citie beynge oppressed with bondage and thraldome they greuously repented theyr former folyshe gladnes ¶ We remembre Sylla hauynge the vpper hande commaunded Dasippus and suche other hope lostes that were growen riche to the great hurte of the common weeale to be put to dethe Who dyd not preyse hys dede They sayd vngratious and detestable persons and such as with sediâ—ions troubled the common weale were well and iustely put to dethe But that thinge was the beginning of a greate mischefe For if any of Syllas souldiours coueted to haue any mans house in the citye manour in the countrey iewell or garmente they dyd their endeuoure that he whose good they desired might be amonge the nombre of theym that were proscripted So that they whiche reioysed at the death of Damasippus were sone after brought to the same end Neyther was there any ende of slaughter vntyll that Sylla had aboundantly satisfied hys souldiors wyth ryches But I neither feare this thing in M. Tullius nor at this tyme but in a greate cytie many and diuerse are the wittes An other tyme an other beynge consul and hauinge an army at his commaundemente some thynge false may be beleued to be trewe whan suche a consull after this example by decree of the senate shall drawe out his sworde who shall make hym put it vp or who shall moderate hym Our auncestours honorable fathers wanted at any tyme neyther councell nor boldnes neyther pryde letted theym to folowe the lawes and maners of other nacions yf they were allowable Armur and weapons of warre they toke of the Sainnites many ornamentes belongynge to the great offycers and rulars they receyued of the Tuscayns Finally where so euer they sawe any mete or conuenient thyng amonge their frendes or foes the same with great dilygence they vsed at home They wolde rather folow than enuy those that were good But oure auncestours folowyng the maners of the Greekes punished their citizins with beatynges and put to deathe suche as were condemned After the publike weale increased and that partakenge amonge the people began to grow by reason of the multitude the innocentes began to be circumuented and other such lyke mischifes to be practised than the lawe Portia and other lawes were ordeined by the which exyle was granted to them that were condemned Therfore I thynke this cause mooste honorable fathers to be very great wherby we shall not nede to take any new councell Verily there was more vertu and wysedome in them that of so small ryches brought this impire to soo greate welth and renoume than in vs whiche can scasely maynteyne and kepe thinges well wonne Is it therfore my mind that they shulde be let go and increase Catilines army No truly But my iudgemente is that their goodes be forfete and they to remayne
lordeshyp honour and authorite by fraude and falshode rather then by very vertue or good meanes and laudable After such maner as if the offyce of a hye Juge of a Tresourer a Cōsull a Prouost and all suche other great offices were noble excellente of them selfe And nat in maners as if suche offices shulde be counted of worthines and dignite after as the vertue and honour is of such as rule in the same offices and by rowmes But playnlye affirmynge the treuth the man maketh the office noble and worsshypefull yf his maners shyne by vertue But yf his conuersacion be contrary no offyce no rowme can make hym noble nor worshypfull But this omittyng I haue proceded in this prologue wyth ouer ferre circumstaunce and also wyth somewhat to moche libertie of wordes more than in a preface is requisite for that it pyteeth me of these tedious maners of this oure citye of Rome But now wyl I come to my mater purposed and fyrst interpryse begonne ¶ Of what matter Salust intendeth to treate in proces of hys boke and what causes moueth hym of suche mater to wryte The fyrste Chapter IN this warke I purpose to wrytte of the warre whiche the Romaynes had an executed agaynste the tyrannye Iugurthe wronfully vsurpyng the name of a kynge ouer the lande of Numidy Many causes moueth me by writinge to commend this warre to perpetuall memory Fyrst for that in the same was foughten at many tymes with greate multitude of men on eyther partie with moche cruell murdre and variable victorye the Romaines sometyme sometyme the Iugurthius preuaylyng in victory Forthermore bycause that fyrst at this batayle and from thens forwarde the commen people of Rome matched with the princes resistynge theyr pryde For where as before this tyme the noble men of Rome oppressed subdued the commens with vnresonable rigoure the commens elect one named Marius a man of basse byrth to be cōsul of Rome and captayne in this batayle whiche after he had obtayned victory ouer Iugurth with greate glorye triumph and fauoure of the commentie he supported thē in suche wyse agaynst the noble men that of the same rose a cyuile bataile and greuous discorde betwene the noble men and commens of Rome Marius maintenyng the commens partie and Silla susteyninge that partie of the noble men In somoch that finallye bytwene these two partes and captayns of the same was foughten an vnkynde vnnaturall and cruell batell to the greuous ruine of the Romaine empire and subuercion of the cōmen wele whiche contention and variaunce confounded bothe the lawes of god and man and by the same were all good ordinaunces disordred And this same furious debate and folye proceded at last to so vnresonable madnesse excecate fury that it neuer desisted nor this varyaunce and discencion bytwene the noble men and commens neuer ceased tyll tyme that cruell mortall batayle foughten bytwene both parties tyl tyme that also distructiō of the land of Italy compelled both parties at last to consyder theyr owne blynde folye and cruell furor so finallye to mittigate and fynishe theyr debate and vnresonable dyssencion But fyrst or I begyn to write of this batell I shall repeate and declare a few thinges done before this war began to th entent that al thinges moost chiefe worthye expedient to be knowē may be more euidēt open clere to the reders ¶ How the kynge Massinissa came into the fauoure of the Romayns and howe the lande of Numydy was commytted vnto hym The second Chapter THe Romayns had thre notable famous batayls agaynste the Carthaginences in whiche the same Romayns had great dāmage Howe be it in conclusion of euery batayle they wanne victorye of theyr ennemyes in the seconde of these batailes what tyme Haniball duke and captayne of the Carthaginences wasted the welth and riches of Italy more thā any other enemy had euer done before after the Romayns beganne to haue any greate name and to delate theyr dominion A famous prince named Massinissa kynge of the lande of Numydy was receyued into frindshippe and fauour of the Romaynes by one Publius Scipio captayne of the sayd Romaynes whiche Scipio afterward for his manhode was named Scipio affrycan bycause he ouer came and subdued the lande of Affrike This Massinissa so receyued into fauour of the Romayns in the foresayde batayle dyd many noble and famous actes of chyualry with hygh valiantise and corage For whiche dedes after the Romayns had ouercome the Carthaginences and theyr citie and after they had taken prisoner the king Sciphax which had in Affrik a worthy great and large impire the people of Rome gaue frely vnto the same kynge Massinissa all suche cities and landes as they had taken and wone in batayle For whiche benefites so magnificent and ample Massinissa cōtinued vnto them in profitable and faythful frendshyp hys life induring but at last his lyfe ended and the welth of his empire decayed also with hym This kynge departyng lefte behynd hym thre sonnes whose names were Macipsa Manastaball and Galussa of whome Micipsa suceded his father and alone obtayned the kyngedome after that the other two brethern Manastabal and Galussa were departed frome this lyfe by sickenesse This Micipsa had two sonnes named Adherball Hiempsall But Manastaball his brother which departed as sayd is left behynd him one sonne nat lauflly borne but a bastarde begoten of his cōcubine wherfore departing he lefte hym orbate withoute lande or lyuelode This consyderinge Micipsa suffered hym nat to faute nor decaye but forasmoche as he was his brothers sonne receyued hym into his court hym cherished in lyke wise as he dyd his owne sonnes Adherbal Hiemsal This Iugurth after that he was a lytel growen vp to age was myghty in strength comely and fayre of face but moost of all excellente of wyt wysedome Nor he gaue nat hym selfe to be corrupte with lust nor incraftye slouthe but as is the custome maner of the people of Numidi hymselfe he exercised somtyme in rydyng somtime in castyng the dart iustyng somtyme in ronnyng wrestlynge with his companyons of lyke age And nat with standyng that in laud and prayse he passed al his peres yet none enuied hym but he was derely beloued cheryshed lauded of al men Moreouer he passed moche of his tyme in huntynge of wyld bestes which in that land habounded he was the firste or one amonge the firste which durst assaile and stryke the lyon and other cruell and wylde bestes he dyde moche lytel sayd or bosted of hymselfe For suche demeanour his vncle Micipsa at first begynnynge was gladde and ioyefull supposynge that in tyme to come the manly behauour strength of Iugurth shuld be glory honour to al his kyngdome But afterwarde in processe of tyme whan he cōsydred vnderstode his lyfe approchinge fast to ende hys naturall sonnes yonge and vnexperte And this yonge man Iugurth in honour and fauour dayly encreasing more and more
be laded with bottels full of water and other vessels mete to be caried with water Moreouer ouer all the contrey he gathered togyder as many tame bestes as he coude get and them laded with empty vessels of euery sort Many of them were treene vessell which he had done to be gathered among the villages of the Numidiens Farthermore he commaunded thinhabitantes of those marches whiche after the flight of Iugurth had yelded them to him that they shulde make them redy to folowe the hoost euery man with asmuche water as they myght beare And assigned them a daye and place where they shulde be redy vnder payne of deathe Whan Metellus was come to the sayd flod which was fifty mile from the towne of Thala nerest water therto as I haue said before he dyd all the beestes to be laded of the same water And so went towarde Thala his hoost set in order and aray so that if any ieopardy apered he was euer redy at defence but afterwarde whan he was come to that place where he had apoynted the Numidiens to mete him with the water wherwith they were laded and folowed the host And whan his tentes were pitched set and defended about with treÌ„ches cut tres bowes and stakes after the polycie of warre sodeinlye from the heauen descended greate violence and plentie of rayne water that it was more than sufficient to all the armye as well to men as beastes Moreouer their vitayles were more plentefull then they trusted or looked after For the Numidians which newly were yelded were so much the more seruisable redy to minister euery thyng necessary to the army And no maruell for euery thyng is quicke at the beginnyng which often fadeth at the ende But the souldiours and men of warre were more glad to occupye the rayne water for deuocion than suche water which was brought to them in vessels by cariage For thei supposed that their goddes loued and fauored them whiche in so drye a countrey and in suche a chaunce sente to them so greate plentie of water besyde prouision of theire captayne This thynge greatlye conforted the myndes of them all and incouraged them with boldenesse strengthe and dilygence to ouercome all difficulties whyche remayned Thys conforte kyndelynge theyr myndes they sped them selfe so forward that on the nexte daye after they came to the towne of Thala contrary vnto the opinion or knoweledge of Iugurthe The inhabitauntes whiche thought them selfe surelye defended by the sharpenesse and difficultie of the place were sodeinly abashed and astonied for that great vnwonte and vnprouided case Neuertheles they made prouision to batail as quickly as they might by sufferance of the time The Romains addressed them in the same maner But kyng Iugurth anone cast in his mynde that to Metellus was nothing vnprouided nor vnable to be done as he that by his craft diligence polycie had ouercome both wepen armour place and tyme. And also nature it selfe which ruleth other thinges longing vnto men Iugurth this aduysing and reuoluyng in his mynde fled priuely by nyght forthe of the towne with his children and agreat part of his treasour Nor after this tyme he neuer taryed in one place paste the space of a daye or of a night fayning that he fled so froÌ„ one place to an other bycause of his present besynesse but the ryght cause of his remouyng was for that he feared treason whiche he thought best to auoyd and eschue by continuall chaungyng of places For suche counsels of treason can not be taken without deliberacion proces of tyme and conueniens or oportunyte of places where princes dothe longe soiourne and continue ¶ But whan Metellus sawe that thinhabitantes wer redy to batayle and also that the towne was strongly defended bothe by crafte of mannes handes and by nature of the place Anone he compased aboute the towne on euery syde with profounde dychesse trenches and herdels of sharpe stakes the poyntes vpwarde to th entent that none of thinhabitantes shulde breke out nor escape by night as Iugurth had done before nor that no vitels shulde be conuayed into them wherby they might the longar resyst hym and indure the sege After warde he commaunded scaffoldes to be made about the walles specially in such places as were most conuenient and penteses of sheldes conioyned in maner of vynes to be driuen to the walles vpoÌ„ wheles And about the sayd scaffoldes to be cast a hepe of grauell and stones and toures of tymbre and bulwarkes set vpon them and other souldiors he assigned to defend the worke and theÌ„ also that laboured there vpon These scaffoldes pentyses and pauasies were made to thenteut that vnder theÌ„ the Romayns myghte vndermine the walles withoute great peryll or dammage On the other syde the garnison and inhabitantes hastely labored to resiste the Romains and to defende them selfe and their towne manfully So that on both parties was nothing forgotten able to be done touchinge their defence But briefely to speke the Romains weried with much labour and batayle .xl. daies after they were come thither at last wan the towne But all the pray ryches of the towne was destroyed by them which were within the towne in garnison of the Romayns which had fled from Metellus to Iugurth whiche speciallye had assigned them to defende the towne These traytours whan they sawe the walles vndermined and brused with diuerse ingens of batayle their fortune was brought to extremite and no socours nor hope remayned Than they assembled and caried together all the treasour and ryches of the towne as golde syluer with other precious ornaments or iewels into the palays of Iugurth and there fylled themselfe with wine and other delycate meates And at conclusion whan they were full saturate and ingorged they set fyre on the palaice and wylfully brente and destroyed the ryches the palayce and them selfe wythall So that suche punyshemente as they dreeded to suffer of theyr ennemyes they voluntarely suffered the same wyth their owne handes to auoyde the subieccion and daunger of their ennemies by desperate folye and presumptuous madnesse the custome of sydoni which they maintayned and kept styll somuche the more easely by cause they dwelled seperat in the extreme and vtter partes of the contrey far from the court and frequentacion of kinges of Numidy For bytwene this cyte of Leptis and the wel inhabited partes of Numidy be many places deserted and wyde wyldernesses vnhabyted for dryenes of the contrey ¶ The descripcion of that place of Affryke whyche is named the Pheleâ—â—utres and for what cause the same place was fyrste so named The .xlvi. Chapter BVt for asmuche as by occasyon of this besynes of the cite of Leptis and their embassadoures I haue made mencyon of their cite and partlye discrybed the sytuacion of the same Nowe me thynke it a thynge conuenient and not vnworthy to recount an excellent and merueylous dede done in the same coostes by two brethern borne at the cite of Carthage and
namely bycause the place is called the Phylen auters me thynketh it requisyte to declare the cause of that denominacion For this place of our hystorie so requireth ¶ What tyme the Carthaginēses had in possession and wer lordes ouer the moost part of Affryke at the same season the Cirenenses also were great and famous of name and abundant of welth riches Than betwene the costes of these two cities was a great and large feld all ouer spred with sande without diuision perticion or difference But bytwene them was neyther flod nor mountayne whiche myght discerne the boundes and marches of bothe their coostes whiche thyng caused cōtinuall and longe warre often and great batayls bytwene bothe parties But after that manye armies on both sydes were ouercome slayne or put to flight bothe by land by sea and whan bothe people had somewhat wasted the one the other by spoylyng and murder than began they to perceiue their owne foly on both partes fearing lest some other nacion anone after shuld assaile them both the ouercommers and them that were ouer come when they were wasted and weried wyth batails and brought to extremitie Wherfore this cōsidred they toke truce bytwene them both and to auoide that longe variaunce betwene them they made agremente and couenant that messengers or embassadours of bothe parties shulde depart out of their cities at one certaine day and houre assigned And that same place wher the messengers of both the cities shuld meete together shuld be for euer after taken for the bowndes marches of the contrey of both the nacions and cities without more cōtencion or variance To bryng this apointment to effect and cōclusion forth of the citie of Cyren were chosen .ij. for their parte and send forth at the daye and houre appointed And in lykewyse out of Charthage were sende two brethern named Phelen which swyftely sped them in their iourney But the Cirenenses wente much more slowely whether it so fortuned by negligence or chaunce I know but lytle the truth But this is knowen for certayne that aboute those costes tempeste of wynd wether is wonte to let men and prolonge their iourney in lykewyse as vpon the sea and that for this cause For whan by those euen places wyde and bare without any thyng growyng on them the wynd ryseth and styrreth the small sand from the ground the same sande moued by greate violence of the wynde is wonte to fyll the faces mouthes and eyes of such as passe that waye with dust and sande And thus often by lettyng of their sight their iournay is prolonged hyndred But after whan the Cyrenenses sawe themselfe some what ouer slowe and late in their iourney they fered punishemēt at their retournynge home for their negligēce And blamynge they accused the Carthaginenses obiectyng and saying that they had come forth of their citye before the tyme assigned and thus they troubled al the mater and brake the ordynance But shortly to speke these Cirenenses concluded rather to suffre death and to do any thynge possible than to retourne home again ouercome Wherfore the Carthaginenses desired some other condicion or apointment to be made indifferēt and equal bytwene both the parties The Cirenenses consented therto and put the Carthaginenses in choyse whyther they wolde be quicke buryed in that same place whiche they desired for their marches boūdes or els that the Cirenenses vnder the same condicion shuld procede forward to that place whiche they desyred for their marches and there to be quicke buryed vnder the same maner The .ii. bretherne both named Phelene alowed and graunted the condicion subduyng and abandonyng their bodyes to death for the profet and we le of their contrey and cite of Carthage and so were they buryed quicke Wherfore the Carthaginenses in the same place where they were buryed raysed and halowed .ii. auters in worshyp and remembrance of these two brethern whiche set more by encrese of their contrey than by their owne liues These auters to this present day be called the Phylene auters after the name of the .ii. brethern named Phylenis ther vnder buryed as sayd is for wele of their contrey Also besyde this memorial within the cite of Carthage were many other thyngs ordained to the great honour of thē and remembrance of theyr worthy dede ¶ But now I wyll leaue this matter and returne to my purpose ¶ How Iugurth assembled a new army of the rude Getulians agaynst the Romayns and how he associated to hym Bocchus kynge of the Mauriens to strength hym in batayle agaynst Metellus The .xlvii. Chapter WHan Iugurth had loste the citie of Thala one of the strongest cities of his land as sayd is before then he considered wel that in al his kyngdome was no place stronge ynough to resyst the myght of Metellus Wherfore he hasted hym with a small cōpany through deserts great wyldernesses flying from his owne contrey And at last he came to the land of Getulia which is a maner of people rude wyld and wythout order or maners at that season naught knowing of the preeminent honor fame of the Romain empire Of thys people Iugurth assembled a multitude together and by lytle lytle enduced taughte them by costume exercise to folowe the order of chiualry to kepe araye to insue their standerds to obaye the cōmaundements of their captaines to decerne haue knowledge of the signifiyng of the soundes of trūpettes to obserue al other pointes belōging to warfare chiualry These thinges with other lyke necessary to bataile Iugurthe ceassed not to prepare and ordaine with all diligence ¶ Moreouer he prouoked to hys fauour feloweshyp by great rewardes and much greater promises such as wer most nere frindes to Bocchus kyng of the Mauriens by whose help he hym selfe went to kyng Bocchus desired hym in his quarel with hym to warre ageinst the Romains To which request of Iugurth Bocchus agreed so much the more for as muche as at the first beginninge of the same warre this Bocchus sente vnto Rome embassadours to desire of the Romains amitie and a bond of continuall peace betwene him and them But notwithstanding that this peticion and peace was muche expedient and necessary to the Romains for dyuerse consideracions and namely because of this war Not the lesse it was not graunted by me me of a fewe such as at Rome blynded with auarice wer wont to sel for money euery thinge both honest dishonest Also before this time the doughter of Iugurth was spoused to the sayd Bocchus But this bond of friendshyp or affinitie amonge the Numidiens Mauriens is reputed but of lytel or none effecte because they are wont euery mā to haue diuers mani wiues according to their substance riches Some .x. and some mo after as they ar of abilitie or power to meinteine But the kinges because they are of most power substance therfore they haue mo than other Thus is their
mynd fauour distracte and diuersly deuided from all their wiues for the multitude of thē and because they haue so many that they reserue none for their speciall bedfelow Wherfore they al ar reputed vyle litle set by after one maner Thus the affinitie betwene these .ij. kinges Iugurth Bocchus was lytle set by and smal auayled in this busines Not withstanding both they and their hostes came together in one place apointed therto wher after they had geuen and takē faith truth one to other of fidelitie to be obserued betwene thē Iugurth inhaunced lifted vp the minde of Bocchus with his words saying that the Romaines were vniust grounded in auarice without suffisance or measure cōmon enemies to euery man to euery contrey that they had as much quarel againste Bocchus as against hym and one selfe cause to war against thē both and also against manye other nacions which cause was but only the plesure of great lordshyp and riches So that for the same cause al kyngdoms to thē were aduerse contrary that he hym selfe to thē was enemy for the same cause And not long before that tyme the Carthaginenses afterward Perses kyng of Macedony were subdued and vndone by the Romains without any iust tytle or cause of bataile saue only ambicion and enuy which the Romaines had against thē And that in tyme to come euerye nacion whiche shulde haue welth and riches shuld become enemies to the Romains for their inordinate pride insaciable couetise ¶ Wyth these wordes and other lyke Iugurth moued the mynde of Bocchus agaynste the Romaynes In so muche that anone a daye was appointed betwene both the kynges to procede forthe together to the towne of Cyrtha and to assayle the same wyth bothe their powers conioyned Thys towne they purposed firste of all to besiege because Metellus had lefte within the same towne prayes and prisoners whiche he hadde taken of Iugurth And also muche of his owne ordinaunce had he lefte there to auoyde impedimente in his voyage Thus Iugurth thoughte mooste expediente to do For if he myght wynne the towne by assaulte before the rescous of Metellus he thoughte that shulde be moste to hys honour and profite Or elles if the Romayne captayne Metellus and hys armie shulde come to succour the towne than thoughte he that there bothe hym selfe and Bocchus shoulde geue batayle to Metellus Iugurthe for crafte and subtyltie hasted thereto so muche the moare to tangle Bocchus in the warre before anye place shulde be moued bytwene him and the Romayns And lest the same Bocchus by prolōging of the time might rather encline to peace than to warre after he at leasour shulde haue taken better counsell and aduisement For Iugurth suspected at beginninge that Metellus in proces of time wolde desyre this Bocchus not to medyll in this war assistyng the part of Iugurth nor mentayning his cause ¶ How Metellus vsed hym selfe heryng that these two kynges were confederate agaynste hym and howe after he was certified that the prouince of Numidy was assigned to Marius the new consull he ceassed the warre for the nonce The .xlviii. Chapter WHan Metellus knewe that the two kinges were associate together he thought not to fyght with them rashely without prouision nor in euery place for his aduantage or not as he was wont to do often tymes before after the first time that he had ouercome Iugurth But within his feldes well and surely defended he kept him selfe abydinge the commynge of the two kinges and that not farre from the towne of Cirtha This dyd he thinking it best to knowe the myght maners and condicions of the Mauriens firste or he wolde fyght with them bycause the were but newe enemies and therfore their maners vnknowen to him And whan he saw his best auantage than thought he to gyue them bataile ¶ In the meane time while Metellus taryed the comminge of the two kinges letters wer brought vnto him from Rome whiche certefied hym that the prouince of Numidi was cōmitted and giuen to Marius the new consull For he had herde long before this time that the sayd Marius was elect consull but this was the firste time that he vnderstode the prouince of Numidy committed to him For this cause was Metellus moued and displeased muche more than longed to measure or honesty In somuche that he coude neyther refraine his eyes from wepyng nor measure his tong from speking yll by Marius This Metellus was a synguler noble worthy man in all other cōdicions but the displeasure of his minde he toke ouer womanly and tenderly to his hert and namely in this cause Whiche condicion some reputed to procede of a proude hert of Metellus And other some thought it no meruayle though his noble hert wer moued and kindled with anger for this iniury and wrong done to hym And many sayd that Metellus toke so great sorow and displeasure bycause the victorie whiche he had almoost optayned shulde be pulled out of his handes his selfe hauing the labour parill and an other man the tryumphe and honour But to be playne in the mater indifferently to write it was not vnknowen to the wisest Romains but that the dignite auancement and honour of Marius greued Metellus much more thā dyd his owne iniury And that he wold not haue taken it so heuely if the prouince of Numidy which was taken from him had ben giuen to any other noble man than to Marius Wherfore Metellus was let from his first besines for the sayd displeasure so that he purposed not to vexe himselfe from thensforth with out thanke or profet And also he thought it foly to take in hande the charge of another mannes mater to his owne paryll labour paine Wherfore he sende messangers to the king Bocchus desiring him not to become ennemy to the Romains without occasion And saieng that he was yet in suche case that he myght adioine with the Romayns felowshyp loue and amitie whiche shulde be muche better to hym and more profitable And how beit he trusted gretly in his power rychesse and treasour yet ought he not to change certayne thynges for thynges incertayne For euery batayle to begyn is easy and lyght but it is a very hard thynge to ende the same whan it is ones begon The begynning and endynge therof is not alway in the power of one same man For warre may be begon of a cowarde or of any other wretch but it can not be left of againe nor ceassed but whan it pleaseth him which is strongest and is maister hauynge the vpper hand And finally he had him better to prouide for himselfe and for his kingdom than he began to do and not to adioyne nor myngle his goodes treasour and fortune which were in estate royall florishyng with the goodes and fortune of Iugurth whiche were lost and distroyed to the vttermost The embassadours of Metellus came to king Bocchus and shewed him their capitains wyl as is said
and vanyssheth awaye wythin shorte tyme. But contrarely the excellente and worthy actes belonging to mans wyt be immortall and euerlastyng as the soule is immortall And finally in lykewyse as the begynning of the gyftes corporall or naturall and of the gyftes of fortune is caduke vayne and vncertayne ryght so is the ende of the same mutable transitory And all thynges whiche be borne and springyng agayne decayeth and approcheth to deth whan these same be growē and increased to the high of theyr perfectiō agayne they begyne to decay and consume by age and debilite But the mynde and soule beynge incorrupte eternal and gouernoure of mankynde ruleth and weldeth al thynges but it selfe can nat be violently ruled nor compelled by any thynge erthly consyderyng the frewyll whiche it optayneth of his creatour For whiche consyderation the frowarde iniquite of them is more to be maruayled which subdued to the ioyes and pleasures of the body passe forthe the time of theyr lyfe in carnall lustes and ydelnes But towchyng theyr wyt whiche is the best gyfte and grettest treasure graūted to mankynde that suffre they to slomber and to slepe wythout exercise in slouthe and ydelnes whose dulnes surely is somoch more to be blamed namely sith so many diuers noble exercises occupacions of the mynd be by whom most clere nobles and fame vndefiled may be optayned But of suche diuers exercises concernyng the mynd some are better refused thā procured in troublous tymes inquiet And namely in this tyme turbulent and season vnquiet great offyces lordeshyppes rowmes to commaunde and rule and brefely to speke All maner cure concerning the administracion of thynges appartenyninge to the commen wele semeth vnto me nat at all to be coueted or desyred of any wyse man For neyther is honour giuen vnto vertue as condigne rewarde and worthy therto belongynge nother such as haue gotten iurisdictiō and honoure by fraude and vnlaufull meanes in lyke case can nat be moore sure nor more honest by meane of such honour so vnryghtwysly obtayned For certenly a man to rule hys countrey kynred by myght and violence all if he haue power so to do and also though he ryght wysly correct the crimes of the transgressours and misdoers Neuertheles so to do it is vnbehouefull and vnexpediente And often at conclusion more perylous and daungerous than it is sure or profytable and namelye syth all mutacions of thynges and chaunges of gouernours pretende threten slaughter of some exile or wylfull flyghte imprisonmente wyth othere lyke crueltyes more belongyng to ennemies of a commen wele than to defenders of the same Than forthermore a man to labour to the vttermost of his power and all in vayne And in weryenge him selfe to get noughte els but euyll wyll and hatred it is a point of extreme vtter madnes excepte parchaunce it be suche one whiche hath a disshonest a foule and perelous pleasur to cast away for nought hys owne worshyppe libertie for pleasure of a fewe mighty men vsurpers of dominion and lordshyp But amōg all other besinesse whiche are exercised by mannes wyt the redyng of hystories and the reducing of the same to memory is moch more necessary and profitable to al degrees beryng rule of a commen wele but most namely vnto princes Of power profet and commodite wherof I purpose at this tyme to passe ouer with silence bycause many other authours haue wrytten of the same befor my time And also that no mā shuld suppose my selfe by prid or insolēce to bost mine owne study vainly laudīg the same But meche contrarye I beleue rather that some enuious malygners shal be hereafter which shal obiect ascribe a name of slouth and negligence to this my laboure Nowe great and profitable so euer it be that bycause I haue determyned to lede my lyfe solitarely fre from medlyng with the commen wele Certaynly as I suppose they onely shall impute and ascribe suche name to me to this my labour which thinketh it a most great and singular craft or practised wysedome to wynne beniuolence by salutyng the commen people and by dyssimulate reuerence done to euery man passyng by them or els to get fauour by feastynge and flateryng the commenty Whiche enuious maligners yf they wolde consider bothe in what maner seasons and in what ieopardous tymes I haue obtayned offices rownes of auctorite and what men wolde gladly and yet myght nat obtayne suche rowmes Moreouer yf they call to mynd what maner of men afterwarde came into the order of senatoures For certayne if my wyllers consider indifferently these premisses than shall they thinke that I haue chaunged the purpose of my mynd more for cause reasonable and by good aduisement thā for slouth and cowardise and they shall fynde that more profete shall come to the commen wele by this my study which they count but ydelnes and tyme mysspente than of the laboure and besynes whiche other men take vpon them fayntly and iniustlye administrynge the common wele And they shall fynde that my writing shal proue it selfe more laudable and profitable to the comentie thā theyr vndiscrete gouernaunce For often haue I harde of the famous prynces Quintus Maximus and Publius Scipio and besyde these of many other ryght famous and worthy men of the cytie of Rome whiche whā they behelde the ymages of theyr forefathers made of stone of waxe or of metall erecte into hye trones in memoriall of the valiaunte and magnificente actes by them doone for the commen wele the sayde princes in aduisinge suche ymages weere wonte to saye vnto suche as stode nere by them that theyr myndes were gretlye kyndeled to vertue and nobles in contemplynge of the same The case is playne that suche figures of metall stone or waxe had nat such operatiō nor myght within them selfe But such hygh courage and flame was kindeled and increased in the hardye hertes of suche noble men and valiante warrious by remembraunce of the gloryous dedes of theyr forefathers in theyr lyfe tyme done and represented to their memory by such ymages in so moche that this flame kyndled in theyr hertes to vertue coude neuer be slaked nor saciate in thē tyl tyme that they were equall with their forefathers in vertue fame and glory Than how moch more ought the clere description of hystores to kyndell vnto boldnes vertu the myndes of noble men by redyng of the same But moche contrary yf we aduert the worlde as it is nowe amonge all men whiche lyue and conforme them selfe to the maners vsed nowe adayes where shall we fynde one but that wyll striue and contende wyth theyr forefathers to ouercome them other in couetise and superfluous ryches or els in prodigalite and wastfull expences and nat in honest and laudable lyfe good excercises and diligence And moreouer genty linē of the fyrst hed whiche were wont to preuente auncient noble men and ascende vnto vertue and nobles by vertuous maners suche laboure nowe to
hystorie shall afterwarde declare But after the kynges funerall exequies were magnificentlye ended as appertayned to his state royal The thre princes that is to say Adherball Hiempsall Iugurth anone assembled to the intent to commen and treate of busynesses of the royalme concernynge particion separation of the same and all other thinges conuenient But whan they shuld sytte and take theyr places in order Hiempsal yongest of the thre was somewhat fiers of nature disposed to statelynesse And in mynd longe before this time he disdained the ignobilitie of Iugurth for asmoche as he was vnlike vnto them of birth towchinge his mothers side and a bastard borne as is said before wherefore he disdained that the same Iugurthe shulde haue the place of moost honoure amonge them whiche were naturall sonnes of a kinge and also laufully borne and so in contempte of Iugurth he set him selfe downe on the ryght hande his brother Adherball to thintent that Iugurth shulde not syt in the myddes bytwene them whiche rowme the Numidiens count of most honour And afterwarde howe be it his brother Adherball requyred him ofteÌ„ to giue place to Iugurth bycause of his age yet vnnethes coude he with moche paine induce hym therto but at last fatygate by requestes of his brother of other noble men of the realme he chaunged his place and set hym vpon the other side with countenance declarynge his mynde not contented And thus at last satte Iugurth for his age in the middes bitwene them bothe as in place of moost honoure Whan the thre prynces were thus sette and had communed of many thinges concernynge the administracion of the kyngdome amonge many and dyuers other thinges Iugurth sayde that all the statutes and ordinaunces which the kynge Micipsa had made fyue yeres before his deth ought of congruence to be adnulled as of none effecte For in that season as sayde he hys witte what for age what for syckenesse was feble dull and of small valoure And therfore suche thinges as he had in that space enacted were done without wisdome or reason Whan Hiempsall herde Iugurth thus speke he answered sayenge that it pleased him right well that it shuld so be done For within the same thre yeres said he our father Micipsa hath adopted you to his sonne in his testament ordained you to be partiner of his kiÌ„gdome whiche was the worst and most vnaduised dede that euer he dyd yonge or olde wherfore Iugurthe according to youre owne ordinaunce this must fyrst af al be adnulled and broken whiche done my brother and I shall not greatly contende for the remenaunt These wordes of Hiempsal pearsed the hart of Iugurth more profouâ—dely than any man there thoughte or suspected Wherfore frome that tyme forwarde what for wrathe of these wordes and for drede of losse of his porcyon of the kyngdome his mynde was in great trouble and anguyshe In somoche that from thens forthe he went aboute ymagyned ordained and onely reuoulued in his mind by what gile or treasoÌ„ Hiempsal might be caught in his daunger But whan his purpose proceded but slowly forwarde considerynge that the frowarde desire and vnresonable appetite of his mynde coud not be mytigated nor pacified he coÌ„cluded to bring his enterprise to effect by any maner meanes other by preuye treason and gyle or els by euydent and open violence force of armes But to retourne agayne where I lefte In thys first assemble of the thre princes of whiche I spake before it pleased them all that the treasours of kinge Micipsa shulde be deuided among them bicause of this dissencion And also that the marches and boundes of eche of theyr dominions seuerally shulde be assigned to eche of them hys porcion wherfore the tyme was appoynted and prefixed whanne bothe shulde be doone but the tyme to departe the treasoures was sooner assigned than to deuyde and limitte the boundes of they re dominions This appointement made the princes departed company the mynde of Iugurth not a lytell inquieted for the sayde checke of Hiempsall for whiche cause he awayted his tyme to reuenge hym ¶ Howe Iugurth by reason murdred Hiempsall the yonger sonne of â—ynge Micipsa The .viii. Chapter WHan the thre prynces were departed in soÌ„der as I haue sayd before they soiourned in sondrye places that nere to the towre where the treasure laye Hiempsall drewe him to a towne named Thirmida not far distant In whiche towne he had a dwellyng place thaÌ„ as happened in the same towne was a man of the gard longing to Iugurth of his lorde ryght derele beloued and with him greatly in fauour This seruaunt of Iugurth was moche conuersaunte familyer in the house of Hiempsall whan Iugurth by chaunce remembred this oportunite to his myscheuous purpose he called secretly vnto hym his sayde seruaunte And after many wordes spoken to serche his minde at last by promesse of large rewardes he induced him to consente to go as if it were to visite the house of Hiempsall as he had often done before tyme and bi some meanes craft to counterfayte the kayes of the gates and brynge them vnto hym For the right kayes after the gates were locked nyghtly were delyuered vnto Hiempsall hym selfe soo myght they nat be vnmyssed the space of a nyght whan Iugurth had induced the Numidian to consent to this dede he promysed hym self win short time after to come to the sayd lodgyng of Hiempsal what tyme the case shuld requyre with great power of armed men The Numydyan in shorte tyme perfourmed the commaundemente of Iugurth in somoche that he brought vnto hym the counterfayted keys as he had apoynted Iugurth here of was gladde in mynde and anone prepared secretly a great company of armed men whome he commaunded to bringe vnto him the heed of Hiempsal trenched from the body in executynge of this dede he commaunded them al to be ruled by the Numidyan which had counterfayted the keys This done the sayd Numidian connayed these armed men preuyly by nyght into the house of Hiempsall lyke as he was infourmed by Iugurth Whan this tratoure satellyte was entred with his company had broken into the in warde edifices diuers of them serched for the prince Hiempsal som murdred his seruauntes as they lay slepenge in theyr beddys suspectynge no suche treason some other a wakened with the dynne stert vp mette theyr enemyes defendynge them selfe but al in vayne for they had no leyser to arme theÌ„selfe And therfore were they slayne anone vnarmed of men armed apointed to myschefe whan the treatours had longe sought Hiempsall and myght nat fynde hym than serched they more nerely euery hyd corner and secret close places they braste open all was full of dynne mengled with noyse and clamour So moche they sought and so nerely that at last they founde out Hiempsal hyd in the cotage of a poore seruynge woman to whiche place he had fled at begynnyg of this affraye as a man astonyed for drede and ignorant
wretched persoÌ„ but also against you your empire Suffre not the kingdoÌ„ of Numidy which is youre owne to decay be destroied by cruel tiraÌ„ny of Iugurth by the effusioÌ„ of blod murdre of the linage of Massinissa somtyme most faythfull and constant friend of this your empire ¶ How the embassadours of Iugurth replied against these wordes of Adherbal what direccion was taken for bothe partes of the Senatours of Rome The .xi. Chapter AFter that Adherbal in forme aboue writeÌ„ had ended his coÌ„plaint anone the embassadours of Iugurth arose answered brefely in few wordes as they whiche had more trust and confidence in theyr greate giftes giuen befoore to manye of the rulers of Rome than in any right of theyr cause thus they replyed in effecte saieng before the senatours that Hiempsall was slayne of the Numidians for his owne hastynes cruelte and not by knowlege of Iugurth and as touchyng Adherbaâ— he began warre agaynst Iugurth of his owne froward mynde without any occasion but after he was ouercome in batayle bycause he was not able to reuenge him self nor to make his partie good he fled vnto Rome to complayne hym to the senatours of Iugurth where al the faute was in himselfe in none other concernyng the partie of Iugurth they requyred the senatours in his behalfe in his absence to count him none other than he was proued knowen in the warre of Numance that they wold not set more by the wordes of his ennemy than by his dedes magnificently proued This saide anone after bothe parties departed in sonder from the court Immediatly the Senatours toke couÌ„sell what best was to be done in the cause The fauourers of Iugurth of his embassadours and more ouer a great part of the Senatours wer corrupt before by parcialite fauour and rewardes of Iugurth so deprauat that they contemned set at nought the wordes of Adherball exaltyng coÌ„mendynge the manhode of Iugurth with laude fauour couÌ„tenaunce voyce all other signes And so finally they laboured by al maner of meanes for an other myscheuous vice cruell crime to defende the same as if it had ben in defence of theyr owne honor worshyp honeste But on the other part were a fewe other whiche set more by iustice honeste than by false goten riches these counselled to socour Adherbal sharply to punisshe reueÌ„ge the death of HieÌ„psall But amonge al other of this opinion was one named Emilius Scaurus a man of noble byrth redy to disturbe euery busynes debatfull besye desirous of power of authorite of honour of riches but crafty in cloking of these his fautes After this Emiliê° Scaurê° sawe his gyueng of brybes of Iugurth so shamfully openly knowne he fered lest the corrupcion of the Senatours and head rulers of Rome might ingendre enuie debate and slaughter betwene them and the commons lyke as in suche cases often had fortuned in tymes before Wherefore in this consideracion he refrained his mynde at this tyme from his accostumed vnlawful lustes Neuertheles among the Senatours in this counsell the worste parte preuayled and that part which set more by fauour and rewardes then by right and equitie ouercame the other part whiche labored to sustaine the ryght without any fauour or parcialitie And so the fauorers of Iugurthe optayned their purpose and hys crueltie had no punyshement Neuertheles it was concluded and decreed that .x. embassadours shuld be sente into Numidie to deuide the kingdome which longed to Micipsa betwene Iugurth and Adherbal The principal of this ambassad was one named Lucius Opimus a man of noble fame of greate authoritie and power amonge the Senatours in those daies what tyme Caius Gracchus and Marcus Fuluius great fauorers of the coÌ„mens were slaine of the noble men of Rome for the same cause After victorie of the noble men againste the coÌ„mons the same two princes this L. Opimus enraged greuously with rigorous sharpe inquisicions examinacions against the pore comontie and was one of the chiefe oppressors of them What time this L. Opimus with his companie was come to Numidye Iugurth deuouringe all thinges whiche they maye ouercome But this omittinge I wyll now brefelye declare what maner people firste of all inhabited this couÌ„trey of Affrike what people thither resorted to inhabite nexte after theÌ„ And how the same peoples wer mingled togyder Howe be it that whiche I shall write is moche diuers from the commen fame and opinion of many men neuerthelesse I shall folowe the bokes writen in Affrike langage which as it is sayd belonged to the yong prince Hiempsall whome Iugurth murdred of the same bokes I shall folowe the true interpretacion in this mater and lyke as the inhabitauntes of the same countrey affirme to be true But touchynge the very credence of the truthe of the mater I reporte that to the authours ¶ The first people which inhabited the countrey of Affrike weere named Getulians and Libians a people harde sharpe and vnmanerd These lyued of fleshe of wylde beastes and fedde vpon the grounde as beastes vnresonable And were not ruled by any maners but lyued without lordes or lawes as vagabundes rouers They had no certayne bydinge place but wher as the night toke theÌ„ ther they rested for the time But after that Hercules died in Hispain as the Affricans say his armye whiche was assembled of dyuers nations whan their captayne and heede was lost dispersed theÌ„ abrode anone after his deth and came to dyuers places of the world to seke theyr fortune wher they might optaine any habitacion or lordshyppe Of whiche company the Medeans Perseans and Armenians arriued wyth their shyppes in that coost of Affrike whiche was nerest to the empire of Rome and longe tyme after occupied those costes But the Persians inhabited theÌ„ self more inward in the cuntrei toward the ocean sea in stede of houses thei turned their ships botoms vpward dwelled vnder the same And no marueil for in that cuntrei about theÌ„ grew no timber nor other stuffe mete for building nor of the Spaniards which inhabited next to theÌ„ might they nether bie nor borowe For the sea was so gret teÌ„pesteous betwen theÌ„ their laÌ„gages so diuers vnknowen to either people that by these .ij. iÌ„pedimentes they wer letted froÌ„ the cours of marchaÌ„dise or exchanges betwen theÌ„ These PersieÌ„s by mean of mariages by lytle litle miÌ„gled the GetuliaÌ„s with theÌ„ bicause thei proued ofteÌ„times the coÌ„moditie of their grouÌ„d fildes by often coÌ„mutacioÌ„s changings one with other at last thei named theÌ„ selfe NumidiaÌ„s that is to say herdmeÌ„ diuided And to this preseÌ„t day the cotages or tylmens houses be made long with croked sides or couerturs bowing iÌ„ward as if thei wer belies of ships traÌ„suersed or turned vp set downe Touching the MedeaÌ„s Armeniens thei ioyned theÌ„ self with the LibieÌ„s For the Medeans and Armeniens dwelled before