give_v they_o their_o first_o shape_n tree_n may_v be_v prune_v all_o the_o winter_n long_o but_o it_o be_v better_a to_o stay_v till_o the_o hard_a frost_n be_v over_o and_o not_o to_o begin_v till_o the_o end_n of_o february_n in_o the_o wane_n and_o so_o from_o that_o time_n until_o the_o end_n of_o march_n especial_o for_o weak_a and_o tender_a tree_n as_o peach_n and_o apricot_n which_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o the_o frost_n great_a tree_n stand_v in_o the_o open_a air_n may_v be_v prune_v and_o clear_v of_o their_o wood_n until_o the_o end_n of_o april_n but_o if_o any_o great_a bough_n be_v cut_v from_o they_o you_o must_v observe_v to_o cut_v they_o close_o to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o to_o cap_n or_o cover_v they_o present_o for_o if_o the_o wood_n where_o it_o be_v cut_v remain_v uncover_v and_o open_a unto_o the_o air_n it_o rot_v and_o cause_v a_o hollowness_n in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o stem_n which_o increase_v by_o little_a and_o little_a get_v at_o 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false_a sprout_n which_o must_v every_o year_n be_v take_v off_o with_o great_a care_n to_o plash_n young_a tree_n plant_v against_o a_o wall_n after_o that_o the_o useless_a branch_n be_v take_v off_o and_o such_o as_o can_v well_o be_v bring_v unto_o the_o wall_n you_o must_v begin_v with_o the_o master-bough_n which_o must_v form_v the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n this_o must_v be_v place_v straight_o upward_o without_o lean_v towards_o either_o side_n and_o must_v be_v leave_v short_a or_o long_o at_o the_o top_n according_a to_o the_o strength_n of_o it_o and_o of_o the_o tree_n after_o which_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o branch_n must_v be_v put_v in_o order_n on_o either_o side_n and_o some_o of_o they_o lay_v if_o it_o may_v be_v within_o half_a a_o foot_n of_o the_o ground_n to_o cover_v the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n in_o plash_v of_o these_o you_o must_v guide_v they_o all_o like_o the_o finger_n of_o a_o man_n hand_n when_o it_o be_v open_a or_o like_o the_o rib_n of_o a_o fan_n when_o extend_v and_o care_n must_v be_v take_v not_o to_o force_v or_o bend_v they_o bow_v like_o a_o cat_n back_n for_o if_o they_o be_v so_o force_v they_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o elbow_n where_o the_o sap_n stop_v always_o put_v forth_o a_o false_a shoot_n which_o take_v away_o all_o the_o strength_n from_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o bough_n and_o hinder_v its_o growth_n for_o this_o reason_n the_o top_n of_o the_o bough_n must_v never_o be_v fasten_v low_a than_o the_o place_n out_o of_o which_o they_o grow_v but_o must_v still_o be_v conduct_v along_o somewhat_o ascend_v observe_v likewise_o that_o the_o branch_n must_v not_o be_v cross_v nor_o pass_v one_o above_o another_o nor_o two_o fasten_v in_o one_o place_n but_o they_o must_v be_v separate_v from_o each_o other_o and_o set_v a_o convenient_a distance_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o they_o and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o ttree_n sometime_o nevertheleless_a the_o gardinar_n be_v constrain_v when_o the_o tree_n be_v old_a and_o unfurnish_a with_o bough_n in_o the_o middle_n to_o turn_v the_o small_a branch_n upward_o and_o to_o bring_v they_o towards_o the_o stem_n to_o preserve_v the_o beauty_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o hide_v such_o place_n as_o be_v void_a and_o unfurnished_v this_o want_n of_o bough_n do_v ordinary_o befall_v to_o the_o tree_n through_o the_o ignorance_n of_o the_o gardener_n for_o want_v of_o his_o guide_v they_o well_o at_o the_o first_o or_o through_o his_o negligence_n in_o prune_v they_o take_v away_o their_o shoot_n and_o plash_v they_o in_o such_o season_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o they_o for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o most_o tree_n become_v not_o unfurnished_v of_o bough_n but_o only_o because_o they_o have_v be_v neglect_v or_o else_o cut_v and_o plash_v inconvenient_o and_o out_o of_o season_n and_o experience_n let_v we_o see_v that_o it_o be_v easy_a with_o a_o little_a care_n and_o skill_n to_o keep_v they_o always_o fair_a and_o well_o furnish_v with_o bough_n and_o to_o make_v they_o last_v a_o very_a long_a while_n bear_v fair_a fruit_n in_o prune_v and_o stop_v the_o growth_n of_o the_o bough_n care_n must_v be_v take_v further_o to_o cut_v one_o short_a betwixt_o two_o long_a one_o that_o be_v unequal_a when_o they_o come_v to_o spring_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n may_v be_v the_o better_o furnish_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n must_v the_o branch_n of_o dwarf-stander_n be_v cut_v because_o that_o each_o branch_n which_o be_v cut_v do_v put_v forth_o many_o more_o and_o therefore_o be_v cut_v all_o of_o the_o same_o height_n they_o cause_v a_o confusion_n of_o branch_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o remain_v unfurnished_v because_o the_o sap_n desire_v always_o to_o ascend_v and_o run_v more_o willing_o into_o the_o high_a bough_n than_o into_o those_o that_o be_v low_o for_o which_o reason_n it_o must_v be_v stop_v by_o this_o unequal_a cut_n of_o the_o branch_n the_o prune_n depend_v principal_o upon_o the_o prudence_n of_o the_o gardener_n which_o he_o ought_v diverse_o to_o practise_v according_a to_o the_o different_a quality_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o according_a to_o their_o strength_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o must_v be_v cut_v more_o or_o less_o short_a according_a as_o their_o force_n be_v i_o have_v see_v some_o tree_n which_o the_o gardener_n dare_v not_o cut_v nor_o stop_v very_o much_o because_o that_o be_v in_o very_o good_a ground_n their_o sap_n be_v so_o plentiful_a that_o if_o it_o be_v stop_v never_o so_o little_a it_o will_v cast_v itself_o into_o the_o bud_n which_o will_v have_v bear_v fruit_n and_o make_v they_o grow_v into_o wood_n for_o this_o cause_n the_o prune_n must_v be_v perform_v with_o skill_n and_o judgement_n and_o not_o without_o great_a care_n for_o it_o contribute_v very_o much_o not_o only_o to_o the_o fairness_n of_o the_o fruit_n but_o be_v further_a absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o keep_n of_o the_o tree_n a_o long_a time_n strong_a and_o vigorous_a the_o importance_n of_o this_o care_n be_v not_o so_o visible_a in_o the_o first_o year_n because_o at_o the_o first_o the_o tree_n do_v always_o spring_v with_o great_a force_n and_o do_v appear_v fair_a although_o they_o be_v not_o well_o order_v but_o when_o this_o first_o vigour_n be_v past_a man_n may_v present_o begin_v to_o perceive_v a_o great_a difference_n for_o they_o see_v such_o as_o have_v be_v neglect_v to_o diminish_v and_o come_v to_o nought_o in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o always_o in_o their_o strength_n it_o be_v a_o effect_n of_o their_o cut_n which_o renew_v the_o tree_n by_o little_a and_o little_a from_o year_n to_o year_n pear-tree_n may_v be_v prune_v all_o the_o winter_n long_o but_o the_o best_a season_n of_o do_v it_o be_v as_o i_o say_v before_o that_o of_o the_o wane_n in_o february_n this_o prune_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n diverse_o according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o tree_n for_o sometime_o the_o bough_n must_v be_v cut_v short_a when_o they_o shoot_v forth_o too_o abundant_o sometime_o also_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v off_o the_o young_a wood_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o old_a that_o they_o may_v bear_v the_o soon_o and_o sometime_o it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o cut_v off_o the_o old_a worn-out_a bough_n which_o have_v no_o strength_n leave_v and_o to_o let_v the_o young_a one_o grow_v in_o their_o place_n that_o the_o tree_n may_v be_v renew_v and_o as_o it_o be_v make_v young_a again_o and_o again_o sometime_o it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o clear_v they_o by_o take_v away_o
almond_n to_o incculate_v upon_o they_o peach_n and_o pavy_n but_o these_o be_v very_o subject_a to_o a_o gum_n which_o gather_v about_o the_o scutcheon_n or_o bud_n so_o that_o if_o the_o gardener_n be_v not_o very_o careful_a to_o take_v it_o away_o or_o prevent_v it_o the_o bud_n be_v oftentime_o enoke_v and_o kill_v by_o it_o true_a it_o be_v that_o when_o they_o do_v take_v they_o bear_v very_o fair_a fruit_n and_o among_o other_o admirable_a nectarine_n for_o this_o cause_n the_o best_a and_o sure_a stock_n for_o these_o kind_n of_o fruit_n be_v that_o of_o damson_n and_o the_o s._n julien_n but_o especial_o that_o of_o damson_n because_o it_o last_v long_a and_o have_v the_o sweet_a sap_n this_o sort_n of_o stock_n be_v breed_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o damson-tree_n and_o the_o s._n julien_n which_o do_v put_v forth_o many_o sucker_n the_o almond-tree_n be_v likewise_o not_o bad_a for_o this_o purpose_n in_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v hot_a and_o sandy_a but_o it_o prove_v not_o ordinary_o from_o a_o nursery_n because_o that_o be_v replant_v it_o take_v again_o but_o very_o seldom_o it_o be_v for_o this_o cause_n necessary_a to_o breed_v it_o in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o must_v stand_v which_o be_v do_v by_o sow_v sweet_a almond_n there_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o march_n after_o they_o have_v lie_v in_o sand_n to_o bud_v during_o the_o winter_n and_o there_o likewise_o to_o inoculate_v they_o with_o a_o scutcheon_n a_o bud_n the_o bud_n not_o shoot_v forth_o that_o very_a year_n at_o the_o end_n of_o august_n or_o the_o beginning_n of_o september_n when_o the_o great_a force_n of_o the_o sap_n be_v past_a or_o else_o the_o second_o year_n if_o they_o be_v too_o weak_a the_o first_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o stone_n of_o peach_n or_o apricot_n may_v be_v sow_v and_o inoculate_v and_o these_o without_o stay_v for_o the_o month_n of_o march_n may_v be_v put_v into_o the_o ground_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o fruit_n be_v eat_v but_o the_o tree_n graft_v upon_o they_o last_v not_o so_o long_o as_o upon_o a_o almond-stock_n peach-tree_n and_o pavy_n may_v also_o be_v bring_v up_o from_o a_o stone_n but_o they_o do_v very_o often_o degenerate_a and_o there_o be_v no_o peach_n but_o those_o of_o pau_n persique_n violet-peache_n and_o the_o common_a peach_n which_o do_v ordinary_o take_v this_o way_n apricot-tree_n although_o they_o may_v be_v graft_v upon_o all_o sort_n of_o plum-stock_n do_v nevertheless_o bear_v the_o fair_a fruit_n upon_o those_o that_o have_v the_o big_a plum_n and_o especial_o when_o they_o be_v white_a when_o they_o be_v inoculate_v upon_o damson_n their_o fruit_n be_v dry_a and_o more_o firm_a those_o apricot-tree_n which_o come_v of_o a_o stone_n bring_v forth_o less_o apricot_n but_o early_o ripe_a and_o of_o a_o quick_a taste_n than_o other_o which_o make_v some_o to_o esteem_v they_o the_o more_o but_o they_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o ground_n and_o be_v better_o in_o those_o that_o be_v hot_a than_o in_o the_o rich_a soil_n the_o good_a sort_n of_o plum_n may_v be_v graft_v upon_o all_o kind_n of_o plumme-tree_n except_o such_o as_o bear_v small_a sour_a plum_n because_o their_o sap_n be_v too_o harsh_a to_o make_v nursery_n of_o cherry-tree_n and_o other_o red_a fruit_n you_o must_v plant_v the_o sucker_n of_o white_a and_o red_a a_o they_o merisier_n because_o their_o sap_n be_v more_o pleasant_a and_o nourish_a then_o that_o of_o the_o black_a merisier_n there_o be_v nevertheless_o a_o sort_n of_o the_o red_a merisier_n who_o fruit_n be_v bitter_a upon_o which_o the_o ordinary_a cherry_n and_o hart-cherry_n be_v graft_v the_o tree_n become_v as_o strong_a and_o as_o big_a as_o upon_o other_o stock_n but_o there_o grow_v a_o great_a knob_n about_o the_o joint_n of_o the_o graft_n which_o mar_v the_o beauty_n of_o the_o tree_n and_o show_v that_o this_o sort_n of_o merisier_n have_v its_o sap_n very_o sharp_a and_o bitter_a because_o its_o stock_n increase_v not_o in_o proportion_n to_o the_o graft_n the_o best_a stock_n to_o inoculate_v or_o graft_v may-cherry_n upon_o be_v that_o of_o the_o sucker_n of_o forward_a cherry_n though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o thereby_o the_o fruit_n become_v not_o so_o big_a or_o fair_a nor_o the_o tree_n itself_o so_o strong_a as_o those_o which_o be_v graft_v upon_o good_a merisier_n the_o cherry-stock_n be_v also_o better_o than_o the_o merisier_n to_o graft_v a_o griote_n morella-cherry_n upon_o because_o that_o tree_n ordinary_o bloom_a much_o and_o bear_v but_o little_a it_o come_v by_o be_v graft_v upon_o a_o cherry-stock_n to_o bear_v more_o plentiful_o and_o preserve_v its_o fruit_n better_o because_o the_o sap_n of_o a_o cherry-stock_n be_v not_o so_o plentiful_a as_o that_o of_o the_o merisier_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o have_v procure_v good_a plant_n if_o care_n be_v not_o take_v to_o plant_v they_o in_o a_o good_a soil_n to_o this_o purpose_n a_o soft_a earth_n must_v be_v choose_v somewhat_o fresh_a and_o which_o be_v rich_a enough_o to_o be_v plant_v upon_o without_o dung_v especial_o when_o in_o it_o you_o will_v plant_v nursery_n of_o pear-tree_n and_o appletree_n bring_v up_o from_o kernel_n for_o the_o dung_n breed_v in_o the_o ground_n great_a white_a worm_n which_o eat_v the_o root_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o die_v beside_o that_o earth_n too_o fat_a and_o too_o much_o manure_v breed_v canker_n in_o the_o bark_n of_o the_o tree_n which_o destroy_v they_o utter_o but_o if_o the_o earth_n be_v not_o otherwise_o good_a enough_o of_o its_o self_n without_o be_v amend_v it_o be_v better_a to_o stay_v till_o the_o plant_n have_v put_v forth_o its_o three_o leaf_n before_o it_o be_v dung_v because_o that_o after_o three_o year_n it_o will_v be_v strong_a enough_o to_o resist_v those_o worm_n which_o the_o dung_n breed_v the_o ground_n most_o proper_a to_o plant_v a_o nursery_n in_o be_v such_o as_o have_v neither_o be_v too_o much_o cultivate_v nor_o too_o light_a but_o contrary_o that_o be_v the_o best_a which_o have_v a_o body_n and_o provide_v that_o you_o have_v some_o short_a small_a mould_n to_o put_v about_o the_o root_n in_o plant_v that_o which_o be_v new_o break_v up_o and_o have_v lie_v long_o be_v the_o most_o excellent_a of_o all_o have_v then_o find_v a_o good_a plot_n of_o ground_n proper_a to_o make_v a_o nursery_n you_o must_v there_o open_a trench_n of_o the_o largeness_n and_o depth_n of_o a_o spade-bit_n place_v they_o three_o foot_n or_o three_o foot_n and_o half_n from_o one_o another_o and_o observe_v as_o much_o as_o you_o can_v to_o make_v they_o so_o that_o one_o of_o the_o end_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o north_n for_o be_v thus_o dispose_v and_o the_o nursery_n well_o graft_v that_o be_v the_o graff_n set_v with_o their_o back_n towards_o the_o south_n which_o must_v always_o be_v observe_v if_o you_o will_v graft_v well_o or_o as_o near_o it_o as_o be_v possible_a the_o tree_n do_v the_o better_o uphold_v one_o another_o and_o defend_v themselves_o much_o better_o from_o the_o great_a wind_n of_o the_o south_n the_o ground_n be_v thus_o prepare_v you_o must_v in_o the_o month_n of_o november_n or_o december_n choose_v a_o fair_a day_n to_o plant_v it_o in_o because_o that_o in_o fair_a weather_n the_o earth_n be_v short_a easy_a to_o work_v and_o better_o enclose_v the_o root_n of_o the_o plant_n but_o in_o such_o soil_n as_o be_v moist_a and_o lateward_a it_o be_v better_a to_o stay_v till_o the_o end_n of_o february_n before_o you_o plant_v because_o too_o much_o moisture_n and_o water_n corrupt_a and_o rot_v the_o root_n during_o winter_n for_o this_o reason_n therefore_o in_o cold_a and_o moist_a country_n the_o water_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v drain_v out_o and_o the_o earth_n heighthen_v in_o the_o form_n of_o ridge_n upon_o which_o the_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v but_o the_o hot_a and_o early_a ground_n must_v be_v plant_v in_o november_n that_o the_o root_n begin_v before_o winter_n while_o the_o warm_a weather_n last_v to_o put_v forth_o some_o small_a filament_n may_v so_o unite_v themselves_o with_o the_o earth_n that_o the_o tree_n at_o spring_n may_v thereby_o grow_v and_o flourish_v much_o the_o better_o have_v choose_v a_o good_a soil_n a_o proper_a season_n and_o a_o fair_a day_n he_o that_o will_v plant_v a_o nursery_n of_o apple_n and_o pear-stock_n bring_v up_o of_o kernel_n must_v observe_v to_o cut_v off_o half_a the_o root_n of_o the_o plant_n and_o to_o pare_v off_o the_o top_n to_o about_o seven_o inch_n then_o to_o place_v they_o in_o the_o trench_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o seven_o or_o eight_o inch_n betwixt_o each_o twig_n and_o to_o put_v they_o no_o
half_a a_o foot_n afterwards_o all_o the_o root_n must_v be_v handsome_o extend_v without_o force_v or_o constrain_v they_o and_o if_o it_o be_v a_o wall-tree_n the_o foot_n of_o it_o must_v be_v place_v at_o ten_o or_o twelve_o inch_n from_o the_o wall_n and_o so_o lay_v that_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o stem_n or_o branch_n may_v come_v within_o two_o inch_n of_o it_o that_o the_o new_a branch_n may_v by_o that_o mean_n be_v the_o more_o commodious_o plash_v against_o it_o when_o the_o tree_n be_v so_o place_v the_o root_n must_v all_o be_v draw_v outward_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v and_o bring_v from_o the_o wall_n that_o they_o may_v thereby_o find_v the_o more_o nourishment_n and_o be_v more_o plentiful_o water_v with_o the_o reins_n during_o the_o summer_n after_o this_o the_o root_n must_v be_v cover_v with_o good_a mould_n soft_a and_o light_a mix_v with_o some_o other_o mould_n from_o a_o bed_n thorough_o rot_v if_o such_o be_v to_o be_v have_v for_o this_o cause_v they_o to_o take_v again_o the_o soon_o and_o put_v forth_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o fibrous_a root_n care_n must_v also_o be_v take_v to_o furnish_v they_o well_o with_o mould_n so_o as_o no_o void_a space_n may_v remain_v betwixt_o the_o root_n to_o this_o end_n after_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o earth_n the_o tree_n must_v be_v lift_v up_o a_o little_a and_o shake_v with_o your_o hand_n that_o the_o mould_n be_v short_a and_o movable_a may_v fall_v and_o slip_v between_o the_o root_n to_o fill_v up_o entire_o all_o the_o hole_n the_o gardener_n must_v as_o i_o say_v observe_v in_o plant_v not_o to_o sink_v the_o tree_n into_o the_o ground_n more_o than_o half_a a_o foot_n for_o the_o ground_n be_v always_o better_a above_o than_o downward_o the_o root_n do_v there_o find_v the_o more_o nourishment_n and_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o be_v rot_v and_o spoil_v by_o too_o much_o moisture_n beside_o that_o be_v near_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n they_o be_v more_o 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to_o resist_v it_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o cover_v they_o by_o make_v a_o bank_n of_o ordinary_a mould_n a_o foot_n high_a above_o they_o for_o the_o wideness_n of_o four_o foot_n round_o about_o the_o stem_n the_o top_n whereof_o must_v be_v lay_v plain_a that_o the_o water_n may_v the_o better_o stop_v there_o and_o pierce_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o tree_n it_o be_v further_a needful_a in_o march_n after_o this_o earth_n have_v be_v well_o stir_v to_o spread_v upon_o it_o some_o long_a dung_n that_o be_v not_o hot_a the_o breadth_n of_o three_o foot_n about_o the_o stem_n and_o four_o inch_n thick_a or_o if_o such_o dung_n be_v not_o to_o be_v have_v to_o lay_v some_o fern_n upon_o it_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o june_n so_o that_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v keep_v fresh_a and_o the_o root_n preserve_v from_o the_o too_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n but_o if_o neither_o dung_n nor_o fern_n can_v be_v have_v whererewith_o to_o cover_v these_o bank_n of_o earth_n than_o 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be_v plant_v too_o low_a so_o that_o the_o graff_n come_v to_o be_v within_o the_o ground_n they_o will_v put_v forth_o root_n and_o thereby_o cause_v the_o tree_n insensible_o to_o partake_v of_o the_o graff_n and_o so_o to_o change_v their_o nature_n in_o cold_a and_o moist_a ground_n the_o trench_n must_v be_v raise_v be_v it_o for_o wall-fruit_n or_o a_o they_o counter-hedge_n 2_o foot_n high_o than_o the_o ordinary_a ground_n upon_o which_o the_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v plant_v to_o the_o end_n that_o be_v further_o from_o the_o water_n their_o fruit_n may_v be_v better_a and_o fair_a colour_v for_o they_o can_v have_v a_o good_a taste_n grow_v in_o such_o ground_n as_o be_v always_o moist_a and_o wet_a for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o the_o side_n of_o hill_n and_o high_a situation_n be_v the_o most_o advantageous_a for_o the_o goodness_n of_o fruit_n because_o the_o water_n run_v from_o they_o with_o the_o more_o facility_n there_o may_v likewise_o be_v lay_v in_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o trench_n a_o bed_n of_o stone_n of_o a_o foot_n deep_a or_o else_o so_o much_o stony_a and_o gravelly_a earth_n to_o draw_v the_o water_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o drain_v away_o upon_o which_o it_o must_v be_v fill_v up_o with_o sharp_a sand_n or_o plaster-stone_n and_o marl_n mix_v with_o good_a mould_n to_o diminish_v the_o too_o abundant_a moisture_n and_o make_v the_o tree_n to_o profit_v the_o more_o and_o to_o bring_v forth_o their_o fruit_n of_o a_o better_a colour_n and_o taste_v it_o be_v also_o very_o good_a in_o such_o moist_a soil_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o november_n when_o the_o earth_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o wall-tree_n have_v be_v stir_v to_o spread_v some_o marl_n upon_o it_o half_o a_o foot_n deep_a and_o six_o foot_n broad_a which_o be_v to_o be_v bury_v at_o spring_n when_o the_o winter-frost_n and_o snow_n have_v pass_v upon_o it_o after_o that_o the_o tree_n be_v plant_v with_o the_o care_n abovementioned_a if_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o tall_a plant_n be_v any_o thing_n feeble_a it_o will_v be_v needful_a to_o strike_v in_o a_o stake_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o each_o of_o they_o which_o must_v be_v strong_a and_o of_o the_o length_n of_o five_o foot_n above_o ground_n to_o keep_v the_o tree_n steady_a and_o hinder_v the_o wind_n from_o shake_v they_o but_o this_o stake_n must_v be_v short_a than_o the_o stem_n of_o the_o tree_n lest_o it_o wry_a the_o branch_n that_o shoot_v forth_o it_o be_v further_a necessary_a in_o such_o place_n where_o beast_n be_v pasture_v to_o put_v thorn_n about_o each_o tree_n to_o keep_v the_o beast_n from_o come_v near_o it_o or_o rub_v themselves_o against_o it_o but_o because_o these_o thorn_n may_v grate_v and_o hurt_v the_o bark_n which_o be_v yet_o tender_a and_o so_o breed_v canker_n in_o the_o tree_n which_o kill_v they_o their_o whole_a stem_n must_v before_o the_o thorn_n be_v put_v about_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o long_a litter_n or_o fodder_n and_o then_o be_v bind_v about_o with_o straw_n the_o same_o course_n must_v be_v take_v with_o those_o tree_n that_o have_v be_v breed_v in_o a_o nursery_n where_o have_v be_v always_o shade_v and_o cover_v from_o the_o sun_n their_o bark_n be_v so_o tender_a and_o delicate_a that_o if_o it_o be_v on_o a_o sudden_a expose_v to_o hard_a frost_n and_o to_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n especial_o in_o a_o soil_n that_o be_v dry_a and_o hot_a it_o become_v wither_v and_o base_a whitish_a and_o mossy_a for_o this_o reason_n it_o be_v that_o to_o preserve_v it_o neat_a and_o handsome_a it_o must_v for_o six_o year_n be_v cover_v with_o straw_n until_o the_o tree_n
make_v application_n of_o my_o rule_n upon_o tree_n or_o cause_v some_o other_o to_o do_v it_o in_o his_o sight_n here_o he_o will_v find_v in_o short_a all_o that_o which_o my_o own_o experience_n and_o the_o acquaintance_n which_o i_o have_v have_v all_o my_o life_n long_o with_o the_o master_n of_o this_o art_n can_v gain_v unto_o i_o after_o so_o long_a a_o time_n and_o will_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n make_v his_o advantage_n of_o that_o pain_n which_o i_o have_v daily_o continue_v for_o so_o many_o year_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o a_o long_a study_n and_o great_a practice_n be_v require_v to_o make_v observation_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o must_v be_v learn_v by_o experience_n and_o reason_n both_o together_o and_o in_o which_o a_o man_n must_v oftentime_o attend_v many_o year_n to_o make_v one_o single_a experiment_n especial_o where_o scarce_o any_o one_o have_v go_v before_o from_o who_o he_o may_v take_v instruction_n with_o assurance_n but_o he_o that_o find_v gather_v into_o one_o all_o that_o a_o man_n can_v get_v by_o his_o own_o experience_n during_o his_o whole_a age_n and_o that_o long_o enough_o or_o draw_v from_o the_o communication_n of_o other_o will_v find_v these_o thing_n very_o easy_a by_o make_v use_n of_o his_o labour_n to_o who_o at_o the_o first_o they_o be_v very_o hard_a i_o say_v not_o this_o as_o pretend_v to_o boast_v that_o i_o have_v set_v down_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v of_o this_o matter_n for_o than_o shall_v i_o have_v write_v more_o than_o i_o know_v myself_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o be_o thorough_o persuade_v that_o i_o may_v yet_o learn_v many_o thing_n entire_o new_a wherefore_o i_o do_v with_o much_o earnestness_n entreat_v all_o those_o that_o be_v able_a to_o add_v to_o my_o observation_n or_o else_o can_v correct_v they_o as_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o there_o be_v many_o who_o can_v i_o entreat_v such_o i_o say_v not_o to_o envy_v their_o skill_n to_o those_o that_o love_v gardening_n and_o to_o myself_o inparticular_a since_o i_o so_o free_o communicate_v unto_o they_o all_o that_o which_o i_o myself_o have_v get_v i_o know_v there_o be_v some_o great_a personage_n of_o these_o time_n who_o be_v of_o the_o most_o know_v in_o this_o affair_n who_o as_o they_o have_v all_o their_o life_n long_o mix_v this_o divertisement_n with_o their_o public_a employment_n and_o profound_a study_n of_o the_o high_a science_n i_o do_v conjure_v that_o they_o will_v be_v please_v not_o to_o deny_v a_o few_o hour_n more_o of_o their_o leisure_n to_o instruct_v such_o as_o follow_v they_o in_o their_o inclination_n and_o that_o they_o will_v not_o refuse_v to_o adorn_v those_o garden_n which_o they_o have_v always_o so_o much_o love_v with_o the_o beauty_n of_o our_o language_n which_o they_o have_v in_o such_o perfection_n or_o at_o least_o that_o they_o will_v permit_v somewhat_o of_o this_o subject_a to_o fall_v from_o their_o hand_n among_o so_o many_o noble_a work_n which_o daily_o proceed_v thence_o and_o do_v ravish_v into_o admiration_n all_o such_o as_o behold_v they_o it_o be_v not_o that_o i_o think_v of_o enter_v the_o list_n with_o they_o or_o dispute_v against_o they_o the_o prize_n of_o agriculture_n for_o although_o i_o know_v that_o it_o be_v this_o sort_n of_o contention_n which_o be_v esteem_v good_a and_o profitable_a among_o man_n by_o one_o of_o those_o ancient_a philosophical_a poet_n who_o authority_n i_o have_v make_v use_n of_o at_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o preface_n notwithstanding_o i_o have_v no_o other_o thought_n in_o it_o but_o that_o of_o excite_v they_o to_o appear_v in_o this_o field_n be_v ready_a to_o yield_v they_o the_o pâ—ace_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v please_v to_o take_v it_o and_o shall_v believe_v that_o i_o have_v entire_o satisfy_v that_o passion_n which_o i_o have_v always_o â—ad_a to_o be_v serviceable_a to_o the_o gardiner_n if_o i_o may_v be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o procure_v for_o they_o so_o good_a master_n the_o manner_n of_o order_v fruit-tree_n chap._n 1._o concerning_o nursery_n the_o first_o and_o principal_a care_n which_o they_o ought_v to_o take_v who_o will_v have_v store_n of_o plant_n and_o those_o fair_a be_v to_o have_v nursery_n of_o their_o own_o in_o which_o they_o may_v bring_v up_o tree_n wherewith_o to_o plant_v their_o garden_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o tree_n take_v from_o such_o domestic_a nursery_n thrive_v much_o better_a than_o other_o procure_v from_o abroad_o because_o that_o be_v replant_v present_o after_o they_o have_v be_v take_v up_o and_o meet_v with_o earth_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o that_o to_o which_o they_o have_v be_v accustom_v they_o do_v thereby_o grow_v again_o with_o the_o great_a facility_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a tree_n bring_v from_o afar_o off_o be_v always_o much_o change_v in_o the_o transportation_n their_o root_n often_o batter_v and_o spoil_v and_o run_v a_o hazard_n of_o be_v hurt_v by_o frost_n so_o that_o they_o grow_v again_o with_o much_o more_o difficulty_n and_o ordinary_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o die_v beside_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a advantage_n to_o a_o planter_n to_o be_v assure_v of_o the_o goodness_n of_o his_o tree_n and_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o their_o fruit_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n to_o avoid_v the_o displeasure_n which_o oftentime_o befall_v those_o that_o buy_v of_o be_v force_v to_o replant_v new_a tree_n or_o to_o graft_v again_o such_o as_o they_o have_v buy_v when_o they_o may_v have_v expect_v to_o enjoy_v their_o fruit_n to_o which_o may_v also_o further_o be_v add_v that_o such_o as_o bring_v not_o up_o nursery_n of_o their_o own_o can_v make_v large_a plantation_n without_o great_a cost_n some_o judge_n it_o more_o advantageous_a to_o take_v such_o tree_n as_o have_v be_v bring_v up_o in_o a_o dry_a and_o barren_a soil_n to_o replant_v they_o in_o a_o better_a than_o to_o choose_v they_o from_o a_o good_a ground_n be_v persuade_v that_o these_o thirsty_a tree_n meet_v with_o a_o fresh_a earth_n do_v immediate_o perceive_v that_o change_n and_o spring_n with_o the_o great_a vigour_n but_o reason_n and_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o tree_n bring_v up_o in_o a_o hungry_a ground_n find_v but_o little_a nourishment_n there_o do_v likewise_o put_v forth_o but_o few_o root_n and_o can_v therefore_o have_v but_o a_o small_a growth_n of_o body_n and_o that_o yellowish_a and_o mossy_a and_o although_o they_o be_v afterwards_o replant_v in_o a_o excellent_a soil_n have_v but_o few_o root_n they_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o draw_v abundant_o that_o good_a nourishment_n which_o there_o they_o meet_v with_o and_o consequent_o of_o grow_v to_o any_o purpose_n beside_o that_o their_o bark_n be_v already_o dry_a and_o wither_a for_o want_n of_o nourishment_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o small_a moisture_n which_o they_o find_v in_o that_o barren_a ground_n can_v easy_o receive_v the_o sap_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o ascend_v into_o the_o branch_n on_o the_o contrary_a experience_n let_v we_o see_v that_o tree_n take_v from_o a_o good_a ground_n have_v always_o good_a store_n of_o root_n the_o body_n strong_a and_o vigorous_a and_o that_o when_o they_o be_v replant_v in_o a_o soil_n as_o good_a be_v it_o by_o nature_n or_o art_n they_o do_v take_v again_o very_o easy_o and_o sprout_v with_o great_a force_n chap._n ii_o the_o manner_n of_o plant_v nursery_n and_o keep_v they_o in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o good_a nursery_n care_n must_v be_v have_v especial_o of_o three_o thing_n the_o first_o be_v to_o choose_v good_a plant_n the_o second_o to_o place_v it_o in_o a_o good_a soil_n and_o the_o three_o to_o dress_v it_o well_o because_o the_o want_n of_o either_o of_o these_o three_o render_v the_o two_o other_o useless_a to_o bring_v up_o a_o nursery_n of_o pear-tree_n and_o *_o wild_a appletree_n for_o high-stander_n and_o proper_a for_o the_o produce_n of_o large_a tree_n you_o must_v choose_v pear_n and_o apple-stock_n of_o one_o year_n growth_n only_o these_o come_v of_o the_o kernel_n of_o those_o fruit_n which_o to_o that_o end_n must_v be_v sow_v in_o march_n upon_o bed_n of_o earth_n well_o prepare_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o gardener_n sow_v their_o seed_n these_o kernel_n so_o sow_v and_o weed_v during_o the_o summer_n will_v put_v forth_o a_o twig_n strong_a enough_o to_o be_v plant_v in_o a_o nursery_n the_o winter_n follow_v the_o way_n to_o procure_v such_o kernel_n with_o ease_n be_v to_o sift_v the_o husk_n or_o remainder_n of_o apple_n and_o pear_n when_o the_o perry_n and_o cider_n be_v press_v from_o they_o but_o without_o take_v this_o trouble_n you_o may_v buy_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o normandy_n both_o these_o sort_n of_o plant_n already_o grow_v where_o they_o
sow_v great_a quantity_n of_o they_o the_o best_a plant_n to_o graft_v such_o appletree_n upon_o as_o you_o will_v have_v to_o grow_v against_o a_o wall_n in_o pallisade_n or_o hedge_n and_o such_o as_o you_o desire_v to_o keep_v low_a for_o dwarf-tree_n be_v that_o of_o the_o b_o coddle_v paradise-apple-tree_n which_o grow_v but_o little_a into_o wood_n bear_v quick_o and_o much_o fruit_n these_o kind_n of_o plant_n be_v bring_v up_o of_o sprig_n or_o cut_n put_v into_o the_o ground_n as_o also_o those_o of_o quince-tree_n whereof_o i_o shall_v speak_v hereafter_o the_o a_o diulcain_n sweeting_n be_v another_o kind_n of_o appletree_n which_o come_v very_o near_o to_o that_o of_o the_o paradise-apple_n and_o which_o likewise_o grow_v from_o a_o sprig_n but_o the_o plant_n of_o it_o be_v not_o good_a for_o this_o purpose_n because_o it_o grow_v too_o much_o into_o wood_n and_o can_v be_v keep_v low_a as_o a_o dwarf_n or_o shrub_n to_o graft_v such_o pear-tree_n upon_o as_o be_v proper_a to_o be_v plant_v against_o a_o wall_n and_o b_o walk_n in_o hedge_n or_o to_o be_v keep_v low_a for_o dwarf-stander_n the_o plant_n of_o a_o quince-tree_n prove_v the_o best_a because_o the_o quince_n be_v natural_o of_o a_o dwarfish_a stature_n and_o may_v very_o easy_o be_v keep_v low_a c_o apple_n tree-stock_n be_v not_o so_o proper_a for_o this_o use_n because_o they_o by_o nature_n shoot_v up_o too_o fast_o and_o if_o you_o cut_v off_o any_o branch_n to_o stop_v their_o growth_n and_o keep_v they_o low_o they_o put_v forth_o divers_a other_o with_o more_o force_n and_o so_o till_o they_o arrive_v at_o their_o full_a growth_n do_v produce_v nothing_o but_o wood_n and_o very_o little_a fruit_n and_o further_o that_o small_a quantity_n of_o fruit_n which_o they_o do_v bear_v be_v ordinary_o green_a more_o lateward_a and_o worse_o colour_v than_o that_o of_o such_o tree_n as_o be_v graft_v upon_o the_o quince-stock_n except_o the_o portail_n which_o graft_v upon_o a_o pear-stock_n 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force_n and_o therefore_o in_o such_o ground_n they_o will_v soon_o bear_v some_o do_v more_o esteem_v those_o peartree_n that_o be_v graft_v upon_o a_o tree-stock_n than_o those_o that_o be_v graft_v upon_o a_o quince_n because_o they_o think_v the_o fruit_n of_o these_o latter_a to_o be_v harsh_a and_o less_o delicate_a than_o the_o other_o experience_n nevertheless_o teach_v we_o that_o this_o opinion_n be_v not_o true_a and_o that_o the_o harshness_n which_o be_v sometime_o find_v in_o those_o fruit_n that_o be_v graft_v upon_o a_o quince_n be_v not_o natural_a to_o they_o but_o be_v either_o cause_v by_o the_o over-moist_a and_o gross_a earth_n which_o nourish_v they_o or_o by_o the_o too_o great_a quantity_n of_o dung_n wherewith_o the_o ground_n be_v manure_v when_o they_o be_v plant_v and_o indeed_o we_o may_v easy_o mark_v that_o this_o harshness_n grow_v less_o and_o pass_v away_o as_o the_o dung_n consume_v and_o the_o tree_n grow_v old_a it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n therefore_o that_o tree_n ought_v never_o to_o be_v dung_v when_o they_o be_v plant_v unless_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n for_o it_o because_o the_o dung_n render_v their_o fruit_n less_o delicate_a there_o be_v three_o several_a sort_n of_o quince-tree_n the_o first_o be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o apple-quince-tree_n which_o bear_v a_o small_a fruit_n flat_a and_o round_o like_o a_o apple_n this_o kind_n be_v not_o good_a to_o graft_v pear_n upon_o because_o its_o nature_n incline_v to_o that_o of_o the_o appletree_n agree_v not_o with_o the_o pear_n so_o that_o we_o see_v the_o scion_n which_o be_v graft_v on_o it_o do_v languish_v or_o die_v immediate_o this_o sort_n of_o quince-tree_n may_v be_v know_v by_o its_o leaf_n which_o be_v round_o and_o small_a and_o by_o its_o wood_n which_o be_v rough_a and_o full_a of_o sucker_n as_o also_o by_o its_o bark_n which_o be_v whitish_a the_o other_o two_o sort_n of_o quince-tree_n though_o both_o good_a to_o graft_v pear_n upon_o and_o both_o bear_v fair_a fruit_n be_v yet_o very_o different_a the_o sap_n of_o the_o one_o be_v much_o sweet_a than_o that_o of_o the_o other_o and_o consequent_o better_a this_o difference_n may_v be_v observe_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o old_a graft_a tree_n one_o of_o these_o sort_n not_o wax_v big_a according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o graft_n it_o bear_v and_o therefore_o make_v a_o knobbe_v round_o about_o the_o join_n of_o the_o graft_n in_o the_o fashion_n of_o a_o roll_n which_o spoil_n the_o shape_n of_o the_o stem_n and_o show_v that_o this_o kind_n of_o quince-tree_n have_v not_o the_o sap_n so_o plentiful_a nor_o so_o good_a as_o that_o which_o increase_v equal_o with_o the_o graft_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v easy_o conclude_v that_o this_o last_o kind_n be_v the_o best_a of_o all_o the_o three_o and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o true_a quince-stock_n upon_o which_o a_o pear_n shall_v be_v graft_v it_o be_v a_o certain_a sign_n that_o the_o sap_n be_v the_o most_o pleasant_a and_o most_o conformable_a of_o all_o other_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o pear-tree_n because_o both_o of_o they_o be_v so_o perfect_o join_v together_o and_o do_v grow_v equal_o great_a this_o best_a kind_n of_o quince-tree_n may_v be_v know_v by_o its_o fruit_n which_o be_v long_o and_o big_a then_o that_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n it_o may_v also_o be_v know_v by_o its_o bark_n which_o be_v smooth_a black_a and_o clear_a and_o by_o its_o leaf_n which_o be_v long_o and_o big_a than_o the_o other_o quince-stock_n may_v be_v raise_v by_o sow_v the_o kernel_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o but_o the_o best_a and_o more_o ready_a way_n be_v to_o have_v they_o from_o shoot_v to_o which_o end_n you_o must_v plant_v great_a stock_n of_o the_o best_a sort_n of_o quince-tree_n about_o four_o foot_n asunder_o and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n in_o march_n cut_v they_o at_o a_o inch_n above_o ground_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v put_v forth_o store_n of_o young_a shoot_v which_o must_v neither_o be_v strip_v nor_o prune_v for_o fear_n of_o wither_v but_o after_o they_o be_v shoot_v up_o to_o the_o height_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a they_o must_v be_v cover_v a_o foot_n high_a with_o good_a earth_n to_o which_o must_v be_v mingle_v a_o little_a rot_a bedmould_n to_o make_v they_o take_v root_v the_o soon_o the_o winter_n follow_v if_o these_o young_a sprout_n have_v put_v forth_o any_o root_n they_o may_v be_v take_v away_o though_o feeble_a and_o plant_v in_o the_o nursery_n after_o these_o shoot_n be_v all_o take_v off_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o cover_v the_o old_a stock_n all_o the_o winter_n with_o a_o little_a earth_n and_o to_o uncover_v they_o again_o in_o february_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v put_v forth_o new_a shoot_v which_o when_o grow_v up_o must_v be_v heap_v with_o earth_n as_o the_o former_a and_o by_o this_o mean_n you_o may_v gather_v every_o year_n good_a store_n of_o plant_n there_o be_v yet_o another_o way_n of_o raise_v quince-stock_n in_o good_a ground_n by_o couch_v some_o of_o the_o bough_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o the_o earth_n in_o winter_n time_n as_o they_o do_v with_o vine_n the_o same_o course_n may_v be_v take_v to_o raise_v young_a plant_n of_o the_o paradise-apple_n but_o they_o be_v long_o in_o grow_v then_o the_o quince_n the_o plant_n proper_a for_o such_o nursery_n as_o be_v design_v for_o the_o graft_n of_o peach_n a_o stone_n pavy_n apricot_n and_o plum_n be_v those_o of_o young_a damson-tree_n and_o s._n julien-plum_n because_o their_o sap_n be_v more_o pleasant_a than_o that_o of_o other_o plum_n and_o also_o because_o they_o last_v the_o long_a some_o there_o be_v that_o plant_n stock_n of_o apricot_n and_o