eight hundred thousand inhabitants made away by Spanish cruelty the women there were murdered which the Indians thought great cowardise 1575 1576 Tetitlan a Prouinâ—e in New Spain 1559 Teulnicham-Prouince 1559 Tharletons perfidie 1382 1383 Testogos a place so called 1242 Tetattecoumoynetto a towne of the Charibes neere the riuer Marwin in America 1285 Thefts basenesse 1153 Theft seuerely punished by the Indians 1870 Theft punished in the English army 1921 Thimogoa Inhahitants of Florida 1604 Thirst in great extremity 1505. Thirst breeding faintnesse and death 1686 Thirty sayle of Ships sent to fit ther the plantation in New England 1832 Thought slayeth a man 1878 St Thomas fabled by the Indians to preach to their ancestors his Chappell and miracle 1219 Three Spanish ships taken by the English Admirall 1960 Three Armadaes of the King of Spaine cast away on the shoald called Osca copos or Catch-chops 1836 Three Spanish ships surprised by the English 1908 Thunders strange effects 1405 Thunders horrid and predigious in the Bermudas 1738 Thunderbolts frequent in the Indies they often cleane great trees 150â— Tiembos fierce and populous Indians neere the riuer of Plate their nature fashion description 1349 Tiguez a Prouince in America 1561 Tillage more necessary then mynes for a new Plantation 1631 Timimino Indians consumed by the Portingals in Brasile 1298 Tipi Indians in Brasile that fight with venomed arrowes 1299 Titicaca an Iland in Peru of infinite riches their precious Temple worship and conceit of the Sunne 1465 Tiuitinas Inhabitants neere Orenoco two sorts of them 1247 1285 Toads and Frogs eaten 1214 1229 1230 1327 The Toad fish 1315 Toalli a Floridan towne and its description its inhabitants and their disposition 1536 Tobaccoes first bringers in vse 1182. Tobacco 1228 1230 1264 1271. Tobacco saue mens liues 1258. Tobacco store 1276 1277. its effects in Physicke and abuse its name of the Holy herbe and the manner how the Indians drinke it 1311. how they blow it in canes one on another to encrease valour 1238. a strange kind of tobacco 1392. Tobacco not profitable in New England the cause why 1871. Tobacco pipe of a Lobsters claw 1662. Tobacco of Virginia how disparaged by Tobacco-mongers 1775 Tobacco worth to Spaine 100000 pound yearly 1821 Tobosos Indians 1561 Tobyas Bay in the Straits of Magellane 1205 1388 Tockwhogh riuer in Virginia 1694 Tocaste towne in America 1531 Tocoman a place in the Indies inhabited by Pigmies 1231. t is esteemed to be the vttâ—rmost part of Brasile where it ioynes to Peru ibid. 1242 Tocoya a towne in the Indies 1258 Tocuâ— a place of America fertile with gold 1419 Tolisbay straits 1233 Tohanna Indians so called 1363 Tonola a prouince in New Spaine 1558 Tomomimos Sauages so called 1217. they liue at Moregoge their townes and warres with the Portingals 1227 Tooth ache cured 1308 Toâ—ira an Indian prouince abounding with gold and emeraulds armour made of siluer the inhabitants worship birds and hearbes they sacrifice to a serpent 1560 Tortoyse its description in Bermudas it liues 24 houres after its head is off 1800 a Tortoyse with 700 egges in his belly taken and eaten 1255. they lay two or three hundred egges at once 1314 Tortoyse nor fish nor flesh 1741 Topinan bazes Sauages like the Petiuares their caruing haire singing 1227. Vide Petiuares Toupin Indians neere the riuer Ienero 1347 Trauelling very easie and strange for a small vallew in the Indies 1242. Trauell-direction in the Indies 1285. more directions for trauell 1286. Trauelling in hot water 1359 A Tree that yeeldeth the inhabitants most of the water they haue 1370 Trees their nature and abundance in Dominica 1158. T 〈…〉 es strange and vnknowne in Port-Ricco 1165. Trees that beare buds greene fruit and ripe fruit with seeds all together 1173. Trees hauing the sense of feeling 1280. Trees good against bruiseâ— and distilling Balsome 1239 trees of exceeding hard wood exceeding great 1256. Trees that haue alwayes greene leaues that beare fruit twice in a yeare called Mangaba trees flowing with milk that might serue for hara Waxe called Marveâ—ge Trees that cause thâ—ir fruit being eaten teeth to fall Trees whose fruit makes haire fall their strange nature and severall names in Brasile 1307 1308 1309. Trees that serue to cure greene wounds having good Balme 1308. For the Colicke for the bloody Fluxe for cold diseases for the Poxe for the Toothake ibid. Trees fruit that killeth any fish in the water that change leaues euery moneth that make Inke that hath in it a riuer of water such strangenesse of trees seâ— 1309. and their names ibid. Trees in Salt-water 1316. vide Plant. â—ase Treacherie in an Irishman 1200. man Englishman 1â—20 Whose miserable end 1221. In a Savage 1251. In the Indians 1256 1258. To themselues 1361. Treachâ—râ—e the losse of a voyage 1â—83 Treacâ—erie in the Indians 1392. vide P 〈…〉 fidie Triana a towne taken and fired by Capt. Parker 1244 Trinity I le pestered with Spanish cruelty and robbea of inhabitants 1584 1585 Trinity harbour Ahanan in the New-found Land 1882 Tripassey a harbour commodious and temperate in the latitude of 46 degrees 1885 Trinidada 1186. the Indians there haue 4 names their commanders now called Captaines inhabited by the Spaniards 1247 Trinity a hauen in Cuba 1500 Trugillo the vtmost towne of the Prouince Valenzuola in America 1419 Truxillo a place in America 1399 Triumphall Uerses of the English deliuerie in 88 1912 Cap Tuberone 11â—6 Tuberones the name of Dog-fish by the Portingals 1209 Tucana a bird like a Pye with a bill a span long very big 1306 Tucanucu Sauage Brasilians 1299 Tuccaman a towne in the river of Plate 230 miles from the entrance its fruitfulnesse its want of gold 1141 Tuckers-terror a shoale on the coast of Uirginia 1648 Capt. Tucker gouernour of the plantation in the Bermudas his acts there 1803 Tulahe a fruitfull country neere Guiana 1248 Tulla a place in Florida 1550 Tullumuchase a great Towne in Florida 1541 Tu'u a place inhabited by the Spaniards neere Cartagena its force 1419 Tumbez a plaine country in Peru 1444. its inhabitants are vitious and luxurious people that idolize Tygers and Lyons 1480 Tune a fruit in Florida on which onely the inhabitants liue three moneths in a yeare 1511 Tunsteroito a towne of Sauages in the West Indies 1285 Tunza a place in America 1419 Tupiguae Brasilians deuoured by the slauery of the Portingals 1298 Tupinaba Indians so called 1298 Tupinaquin Indians inhabiting Brasile 1298 Tuppac Inca Yupanqui Emperor sometime of Peru his valiant acts and attempts conquests and enlarging his Empire ciuilizing many sauage nations his progeny death and successor 1478 1479 Tuppan Bass Sauages so called neere Brasile 1188. their mirth habit life and lodging ibid. Tupac Amaru heire to the Empire of Peru falsly accused and cruelly executed by the Spanish Uiceroy 1488. his well deserued issue ibid. Tupan-boyera a place inhabited by Canibals in Brasile 1227. the Portingals call it Organes ibid. Tupijo Brasilian
wee spoke before The women make them gownes or vpper garments of thinne Cotton almost like our clothes which are some part silke which we call Arras or Burschet They weaue in these diuers shapes of Stags Estridges and Indian sheepe according as euery of them is more skilfull in the art of weauing In these garments they sleepe if the Aire happen to be somewhat cold or putting them vnder them they sit vpon them or vse them at their pleasure for other seruices These women are very faire and venerous When we had stayed there foure dayes this pettie King demanded of our Captaine what our puâ—pose was and whether we would goe to whom he made this answere that he sought Gold and Siluer Therefore he gaue him a Crowne of Siluer weighing a pound and an halfe He gaue him also a plate of Gold of a spanne and an halfe long and halfe a spanbroad and certaine other things made cunningly wrought of Siluer and told our Captaine that he had no more Siluer nor Gold And that these thingâ— wherewith he presented him were the spoiles which in time past he had gotten in war against the Amazones That he made mention of the Amazones and of their riches was very pleasing to vs to heare Our Captaine therefore presently demandeth of the King whether we might come to them by Sea or by the Riuer and how much further we had to goe when wee were to take our journey towards them whereunto he answered that we could not goe to them by water but by land and that in two whole moneths journey 37. These women the Amazones haue only one of their pappes their Husbands come vnto them three or foure times in the yeere And if the woman beeing with child by her Husband bring forth a Male child she sendeth him home again to his Father but if it be a Female she keepeth it with her and seareth the right pap of it that it may grow no more which she doth for this purpose that they may be more fit to handle their Weapons and Bowes For they are warlike women making continuall war with their Enemies These women inhabit an Iland that is very large on euery side compassed with water to whom there is no accesse but by Canoas or Boats The Amazones haue neither Gold not Siluer in this Iland but they are reported to haue great Treasures in the firme land which the men inhabit It is a very populous Nation and is said to haue a King called Iegues and the King of Scherues told vs the name of the place Therefore the Captaine Ernandus Riâ—ffiere desired the King of Scherues to ioyne certaine of his men with vs to carry our bagge and baggage for vs and then we would enter the heart of the Country to seeke those Amazones He willingly assenteth thereunto yet in the meane time admonishing vs that the whole Countrie was now ouerflowed with waters and therefore we should haue a very difficult and vneasiy Iourney vnto them and that wee could not easily at this time come vnto them But we would not giue credite to his words but were instant to haue the Indians ioyned with vs. He therefore gaue twentie men to our Captaine for his owne person to carrie his prouision and necessaries and to euery one of vs he gaue fiue Indians to serue vs and carrie that little which we had For wee were to goe eight dayes Iourney wherein wee should not see any Indian But afterward we came to a certaine Nation called Siberis who in their language and other things were like the Scherues Wee were to goe for these eight whole dayes day and night in the water vp to the knees and sometimes reaching as high as the waste nor could we by any meanes get out of them And if we would make fire we were of necessitie to put it vpon a pile or stacke made of great blockes or pieces of wood and it fell out often that when wee were about to boile our meate both the pot and the fire fell into the water so that after that wee were faine to be without our meate And Gnats also troubled and vexed vs day and night so that we could not doe our necessarie worke or businesse Wee therefore demanded of those Siberis whether wee should yet haue any more waters who answered that wee were yet foure dayes to walke in the waters and afterward were to trauell fiue dayes by Land and at length wee should come to a Nation called Orethuisâ—n They signified also vnto vs that wee were too few in number and therefore that wee should returne But the Scherues would not doe this for wee thought rather to send them backe vnto their Towne who had hitherto accompanied vs but they refused to doe it saying they were enioyned by their King not to leaue vs but should continue with vs vntill wee came out of the Countrie againe These Siberis ioyned ten men with vs who together with the Scherues should shew vs the way to the fore-said Orethuisen Wee were yet seuen dayes more to trauell in the waters which were so hot as if they had beene heat vpon the fire which water also hauing no other wee were compelled to drinke But some might peraduenture thinke that it was Riuer water but at that time showres of raine were so common and vsuall that they filled the whole Countrie with water which is altogether very plaine and euen The ninth day we came vnto a certaine Village of the Nation Orethuisen betweene ten and eleuen of the clocke And at twelue of the clocke being come into the middest of the Towne we came vnto the Princes house At that time a cruell and mightie Plague was very hot whereof Famine was the cause for two yeeres together the Gras-hoppers had so eaten and corrupted all manner of Corne and the fruits of trees that almost nothing was left them which they might eate But our Captaine asked the Petie-King of this Nation how many dayes Iourney we yet had to the Amazones from whence he receiueth answere That wee must yet trauell one whole moneth besides that all the Countrie was full of water The King of these Orethuisen gaue our Captaine foure Plates of gold and foure siluer Rings which they put about their armes but the Indians weare the Plates of gold on their foreheads for ornament as our Nobles doe their Chaines or Câ—llars of Esses hanged about their neckes For these things our Captaine gaue the King of the Indians an Hatchet Kniues and Beades or Pater-nosters Barbers Scizzars and such lâ—ke Wee would willingly haâ—e craued more of them but wee durst not attempt it because wee were but few in number so that wee were forced to stand in feare of them For the multitude of these Indians was very great and the Towne huge in so much as I haue not seene any greater or more populous throughout all India For the Towne was very long
to yeelde her increase then that hillocke for you may take with your hands onely as much as you will to the filling of Bushels and Quarters That euening we cut sailes and ranne through the Passages in the night time Vpon Monday afternoone we made our selues to be not farre from Puerto rico and our desire was to beare in with it in the morning before day that by that meanes we might least of all be discouered For this cause therefore the Scout and the Anthony were sent before to make our landing place and that done to returne which was about midnight His Lordships greatest care was and had bin some dayes to set his men safely and well on land for he doubted not to make them a way if once they were landed without impeachment Himselfe therefore hauing commanded that Sir Iohn Barkley should come aboord with him tooke a Boate and wâ—nt himselfe no otherwise accompanied then with Sir Iohn and the Cocksons gyng to discouer a landing place Without long stay he returned againe so wet that he was forced to change his apparell but withall gaue present commandement that euery Captaine and Ship should put their men into Boates and that they should follow his bloudy colours which he would haue presently landed By eight of the clocke that tuesday being the sixt of Iune his Lordships regiment and most part of Sir Iohn Barkleys were landed which amounted neere to the number of a thousand men We began to march as soone as we could be brought into any order the forlorne hope drawne out which was led by Captaine Andrewes the Commander of his Lordships priuate Company which that day was brought vp in the the Battell by Captaine Powell Lieutenant Colonell of his Lordships regiment The way we marched was along the Sea side commonly on firme sometime on loose sand but yet it was a faire march for three leagues at the least till we met with a blacke-Moore who we hoped should haue bin our Guide and so he was willing to be but he neither spake good English nor good Spanish and besides was affrighted so that a great while he did mislead vs for through most vnpassable rocks and clifts he brought vs for betwixt the clifts where we stood and the Iland wherein the Towne stood there we saw an arme of the Sea in breadth not Calieuer shot but on the other side was a fort with fiue peece of great Ordnance and some though not many Musketeers for both the euening before they had discouered our Nauie and this morning our landing as we were sure by diuers Horsemen whom we saw come forth to view our strength Here there was offer made by some so to plant a number of Musketeers in these rockes as that they might beate them in the fort from their Ordnance this was thought possible and afterwards was done but now deferred because though we had no annoyance of the fort yet we knew not how to get ouer for the depth of the passage meerly vnknown and our Boats yet had not found any landing place neere the fort And while here we were at a flat bay euen at our wits end what course we might take to come to the Towne there was sent a Peece or two of great Ordnance but without any hurt from another fort which standeth vpon the narrowest part of the same arme of the Sea and was the onely passage that was vsed from the maine Iland where we were to the Iland where the Towne is Here the Nigro was so nething comforted and brought to the little wit he had at length with much adoe being made to vnderstand we tooke our selues to be out of the way because wee could not passe that way partly with threatning and partly with promises if he brought vs into a better way to the Town he began againe to leade and we to follow with as nimble mindes as weary bodies for we had marched from morning till now that it was euen in the edge of the euening but we would not be weary At length through many vntroden pathes or rather no pathes but such wodden holes as would haue taught the most proud body to stoope very humbly he brought vs into a beaten sandy way But for all this we were not neere the Bridge which must be passed and diuers euen of our leaders began after so long and troublesome a march to faint so that order was giuen to stay the Vantgard when it pleased God to helpe by one meane or other to as many Horses as kept vs from staying our march There might be seene a poore tyred Iade without Saddle or Bridle onely with a match in his mouth very welcome to them that commanded the best Horses of England But at length we ouercame the length of the way and euen to the Bridge were come but it was so late that that night we were out of hope to passe it being as we had great reason to thinke fortified against vs. Onely the Companies were commanded to keepe their guard till his Lordship in person with Sir Iohn Barkley went as quietly as they could to take view of the place which they found to be narrow and a long Cawse-way leading to a Bridge reaching from the one Iland to the other The Bridge they perceiued to be pulled vp and on the other banke was there a strong Barricado a little beyond which was a Fort with Ordnance But how much or what we could not learne nor by how many men it was held yet perceiued they it absolutely not to be passed but at a low water Our Mariners and Sea-men could say little to the ebbing and flowing in this Countrie and therefore the onely way to know the fit time of assault was to set a continuall watch to giue present information of the ebbe The meane time the Armie was led backe to repose themselues a while In a great Lawne we all sat or lay downe and with fresh water which the first Negro and another that was afterwards taken in this wood led our men to they refreshed themselues some had some Bread his Lordship was no niggard of that he had His lodging that night was his Target I lay at his head and to my remembrance neuer slept better In the morning two houres at least before day the allarum was giuen very quietly and was readily taken for we needed not but to shake our eares The Companies were streight ranged and euery man had forgotten how weary he had bin the last night so forward they were to be in seruice Euen betwixt his Lordship and Sir Iohn Barkeley there grew a little question whether of them should haue the point that day Sir Iohns answer was that his Lordship might command them all and therefore it was at his pleasure to haue or leaue the point but since it had pleased him to diuide the Armie into two Regiments and his Lordshippes Leaders had all the last day had the Point he
secure and quiet in minde but presently thirtie paces distant almost from vs on the right hand wee saw a Lizard on an hill bigger then the body of a man and fiue or sixe foot long Hee being spread all ouer with white and rough scales like Oyster-shells holding vp one of his fore-feet with his head aloft and shining eyes began to behold vs. Wherefore being astonished for none of vs as it then fell out carried a Hand-gunne but had onely our Swords at our sides and Bowes and Arrowes which weapons could not greatly hurt that Monster armed with such hard scales Neuerthelesse fearing left if wee shifted for our selues by flight being swifter then wee he would dispatch vs altogether when the one fearefully beheld the other we stood still in the same place But after that prodigious and fearefull Lizard had beheld vs a quarter of an houre with an open mouth and because it was exceeding hot weather for it was a cleere day almost at noone fetching a deepe groane that wee might easily heare it vpon a sodaine he went vnto the top of a Mountaine with so great noise of the crashing and breaking of twigs and boughs as a Deere running through a Wood would scarce haue made Wee therefore who then were much affrighted not being very carefull to pursue him gaue thankes vnto God who had deliuered vs and proceeded againe on our intended Iourney And embracing their opinion who affirme that the Lizard is delighted with the sight of a man it seemed to me that the beholding of vs pleased that Monster as much as we were â—ormented through his presence There is also a wilde beast bred with them that liueth vpon the prey which they call Ian-ouare This beast hath legs almost as long as an hunting Dog and matcheth him almost in swiftnesse but about the chinne hath long shagged haire with a spotted skinne and faire like vnto a Lynx and also very like in the rest The Barbarians not without iust cause greatly feare that wilde beast For seeing shee is accustomed to the prey as also the Lion if shee catch any of them she teareth him in pieces and deuoureth him But as they are desirous of reuenge and suffer not any of those things vnreuenged which are troublesome vnto them if they take any in hollow trenches which they make for that cause or with any other kinde of Traps or Gins they put her to a lingring death shooting her through with many Arrowes that shee might the longer languish and that it may the better appeare how euilly that wilde beast dealeth with the Barbarians when sometimes fiue or sixe Frenchmen of the companie passed by this way the Americans aduised vs to beware of the Ian-ouare because that very selfe-same weeke shee had cruelly deuoured three men in a certaine Village of theirs I thought good to adde to this Edition that the Americans before the Voyage of Uillagagno had neuer seene Dogs and therefore when they beheld a Dog of the kinde of Hounds which with certaine whelpes we brought thither and that he fauned on vs they were astonished and fled away from him because as I mentioned before hee came neere vnto the shape of the Ian-ouare For that cause also Gomard in-his Generall Indian Historie testifieth that in the yeere 1509. when Christopherus Columbus first arriued at the Iland Beringua called also by the name of Saint Iohn the Indians of this Countrie who made warre with the Spaniards greatly feared a red Dog and that he stood them in as good stead almost as two Harquebussers because he did not onely fiercely assaile the Barbarians but also discerning his companions from the Enemies although being prouoked he was not offensiue vnto them but also taking notice of the Caribas the worst and most detestable nation of all those Countries pursued them fleeing into the middest of the Armie of the Enemies and being so much prouoked tooke no rest vntill he had torne the Enemie in pieces on whom he seized fighting so fortunately for the Spaniards that being accompanied with him they fought so cheerfully against the Indians as if they had had three horsemen in their companie Yet this Dog while hee swam after I know not what Cariba being shot with a poisoned Arrow died and made his Master very sorrowfull and the Indians ioyfull and glad So Uallouas also the most valiant Captaine of the Spaniards when he first discouered the South Sea letting slip the Dogs which hee had against the Indians who withstood him from entring on the Land the Barbarians were stricken with so great a feare that they were compelled to prouide for themselues by flight and the Dogs of Vallouas preuailed as much as the best Souldiers of them all Moreouer many Monkeyes are found on the Brasilian coast little and blacke which they call Cay which I cease to describe because they are very well knowne vnto vs. I will onely declare this one thing that seeing they continually liue in the tops of trees bearing fruits in cods like vnto our Beanes wherewith they are nourished and meete together there in companies especially when the smoaking showres fall it is a pleasant thing to heare them crying and making a noise But seeing at one birth they onely bring forth one young one the Monkey as soone as he commeth into the world is indued with that naturall industrie that he firmely hangeth about the necke of the Syre or the Damme therefore if Hunters come suddenly vpon them the Syre or Dammes leaping through the boughs he also taketh his flight together with them For which cause the Barbarians cannot easily catch Monkeyes of any age whatsoeuer yet they cast them downe from trees wounded with Arrowes and afterward hauing healed them and made them tame a little while at home they exchange and barter them for Merchandises But at the first they are so fierce that they wound the fingers of them that handle them with their teeth so that being bitten they are very often compelled through paine to kill them with strokes There is also another kinde of Monkey among the Americans which they call Sagouin of the bignesse of a Squirrell and of a red haire but as touching the shape in the snout breast necke and almost all the other parts being very like vnto a Lion and also hardie it giueth place in beautie to none of the little beasts which surely I saw there And if it were as easily brought ouer the Sea as the rest it would be of farre greater price and estimation But seeing it is of so weake a little bodie that it cannot indure the working of the ship for it is of that haughtinesse of spirit that if it be offended neuer so little it would die through discontentment yet some are here to be found But that I may freely confesse the matter as it is although I haue beene curious I was not so diligent in obseruing all the liuing creatures of America as I desired neuerthelesse
Indies vnder my Fathers charge and the principall cause of taking the great Carack brought to Dartmouth by Sir Iohn Borrow and the Earle of Cumberlands ships Anno 1592. with others of moment in her other Voyages To vs shee neuer brought but cost trouble and care Hauing made an estimate of the charge of Victuals Munition Imprests Sea-store and necessaries for the said ship consorting another of an hundred tunnes which I waited for daily from the Straites of Giberalter with a Pinnace of sixtie tunnes all mine owne And for a competent number of men for them as also of all sorts of merchandises for trade and traffâ—cke in all places where we should come I began to wage men to buy all manner of victuals prouisions and to lade her with them and with all sorts of commodities which I could call to minde fitting and dispatched order to my seruant in Pilmouth to put in a readinesse my Pinnace as also to take vp certaine prouisions which are better cheape in those parts then in London as Beefe Porke Bisket and Sider The eight of Aprill 1593. I caused the Pilot to set sayle from Black-wall and to vaile downe to Graues-end whither that night I purposed to come And for that shee was very deepe loden and her Ports open the water beganne to enter in at them which no bodie hauing regard vnto thinking themselues safe in the Riuer it augmented in such manner as the weight of the water began to presse downe the side more then the winde At length when it was seene and the sheete flowne she could hardly be brought vpright But God was pleased that with the diligence and trauell of the Companie shee was freed of that danger whiâ—h may be a gentle warning to all such as take charge of shipping euen before they set sayle either in Riuer or Harbour or other part to haue an eye to their Ports and to see those shut and calked which may cause danger for auoiding the many mishaps which daily chance for the neglect thereof and haue beene most lamentable spectacles and examples vnto vs Experiments in the Great Harrie Admirall of England which was ouer-set and sunke at Portsmouth with her Captaine Carew and the most part of his companie drowned in a goodly Summers day with a little flaw of winde for that her Ports were all open and making a small hele by them entred their destruction where if they had beene shut no winde could â—aue hurt her especially in that place In the Riuer of Thames Master Thomas Candish had a small ship ouer-set through the same negligence And one of the Fleet of Sir Francis Drake in Santo Domingo Harbour turned her keele vpward likewise vpon the same occasion with many others which we neuer haue knowledge of Comming neere the South fore-land the winde began to vere to the South-east and by South so as we could not double the point of the Land and being close aboord the shoare and putting our ship to stay what with the chapping Sea and what with the Tide vpon the Bowe she mist staying and put vs in some danger before we could flat about therefore for doubling the Point of any Land better is euer a short boord then to put all in perill Being cleere of the race of Portland the winde began to suffle with fogge and misling raine and forced vs to a short sayle which continued with vs three dayes the winde neuer vering one point nor the fogge suffering vs to see the Coast. The third day in the fogge we met with a Barke of Dartmouth which came from Rochell and demanding of them if they had made any land answered that they had onely seene the Ediestone that morning which lieth thwart of the Sound of Plimouth and that Dartmouth as they thought bare off vs North North-east which seemed strange vnto vs for we made account that wee were thwart of Exmouth within two houres after the weather beganne to cleere vp and wee found our selues thwart of the Berry and might see the small Barque bearing into Torbay hauing ouer-shot her Port which errour often happeneth to those that make the land in foggie weather and vse not good diligence by sound by lying off the land and other circumstances to search the truth and is cause of the losse of many a ship and the sweete liues of multitudes of men That euening wee anchored in the range of Dartmouth till the floud was spent and the ebbe come wee set sayle againe And the next morning early being the sixe and twentieth of Aprill we harboured our selues in Plimouth And in this occasion I found by experience that one of the principall parts required in a Mariner that frequenteth our coastes of England is to cast his Tides and to knowe how they set from point to point with the difference of those in the Channell from those of the shoare After the hurts by a cruell storme in which the Pinnace was sunke and the Daiaties Mast cut ouer-boord repaired I beganne to gather my companie aboord which occupied my good friends and the Iustices of the Towne two dayes and forced vs to search all lodgings Tauerns and Ale-houses For some would euer bee taking their leaue and neuer depart some drinke themselues so drunke that except they were carried aboord they of themselues were not able to goe one steppe others knowing the necessitie of the time faigned themselues sicke others to bee indebted to their Hosts and forced mee to ransome them one his Chest another his Sword another his Shirts another his Carde and Instruments for Sea And others to benefit themselues of the Imprest giuen them absented themselues making a lewd liuing in deceiuing all whose money they could lay hold of which is a scandall too rife amongst our Sea-men by it they committing three great offences First Robberie of the goods of another person Secondly Breach of their faith and promise Thirdly Hinderance with losse of time vnto the Voyage all being a common iniurie to the owners victuallers and companie which many times hath beene an vtter ouerthrow and vndoing to all in generall An abuse in our Common-wealth necessarily to be reformed Master Thomas Candish in his last Voyage in the Sound of Plimouth being readie to set sayle complained vnto mee that persons which had absented themselues in Imprests had cost him aboue a thousand and fiue hundred pounds These Varlets within a few dayes after his departure I saw walking the streetes of Plimouth whom the Iustice had before sought for with great diligence and without punishment And therefore it is no wonder that others presume to doe the like Impunitas peccandi illecebra The like complaint made Master George Reymond and in what sort they dealt with mee is notorious and was such that if I had not beene prouident to haue had a third part more of men then I had need of I had beene forced to goe to the Sea vnmanned or to giue ouer my
Voyage And many of my companie at Sea vaunted how they had cousened the Earle of Cumberland Master Candish Master Reymond and others some of fiue poundes some of tenne some of more and some of lesse And truely I thinke my Voyage prospered the worse for theirs and other lewd persons companie which were in my ship which I thinke might be redressed by some extraordinarie seuere and present Iustice to bee executed on the offenders by the Iustice in that place where they should bee found The greater part of my companie gathered aboord I set sayle the twelfth of Iune 1593. I cannot but aduise all such as shall haue charge committed vnto them euer before they depart out of the Port to giue vnto their whole Fleet not directions for ciuill gouernment but also where when and how to meete if they should chance to lose companie and the signes how to knowe one another afarre off with other points and circumstances as the occasions shall minister matter different at the discretion of the wise Commander by publication of that which is good and necessarie for the guide of his Fleet and people but all secret instructions to giue them sealed and not to be opened but comming to a place appointed Lanching out into the channell the winde being at East and by South and east South-east which blowing hard and a floud in hand caused a chapping Sea and my Vice-admirall bearing a good sayle made some water and shooting off a Peece of Ordnance I edged towards her to knowe the cause who answered me that they had sprung a great leake and that of force they must returne into the Sound which seeing to be necessarie I cast about where anchoring and going aboord presently found that betwixt winde and water the Calkers had left a seame vncalked which being filled vp with Pitch onely the Sea labouring that out had beene sufficient to haue sunke her in short space if it had not beene discouered in time And for more securitie I hold it for a good custome vsed in some parts in making an end of calking and pitching the ship the next tide to fill her with water which will vndoubtedly discouer the defect for no pitcht place without calking can suffer the force and peaze of the water In neglect whereof I haue seene great damage and danger to ensue The Arke Royall of his Maiesties may serue for an example which put all in danger at her first going to the Sea by a trivuell hole left open in the post and couered onely with Pitch In this point no man can be too circumspect for it is the securitie of ship men and goods This being remedied I set sayle in the morning and ranne South-west till wee were cleare of Vsshent and then South South-west till wee were some hundred leagues off where wee met with a great Hulke of some fiue or sixe hundred tunnes well appointed the which my companie as is natural to all Mariners presently would make a prize and loden with Spaniards goods and without speaking to her wished that the Gunner might shoot at her to cause her to amain Which is a bad custome receiued and vsed of many ignorant persons presenâ—ly to gunne at all whatsoeuer they discouer before they speake with them being contrarie to all discipline and many times is the cause of dissention betwixt friends and the breach of Amitie betwixt Princes the death of many and sometimes losse of ships and all making many obstinate if not desperate Comming within the hayling of the Hulke we demanded whence she was whither she was bound and what her loding Shee answered that she was of Denmarke comming from Spaine loden with Salt we willed her to strike her Top-sayles which shee did and shewed vs her Charter-parties and Bils of loding and then saluted vs as is the manner of the Sea and so departed Wee directed our course to the Maderas The Madera Ilands are two the great called La Madera and the other Porto Santo of great fertilitie and rich in Sugar Conserues Wine and sweet Wood whereof they take their name Other commodities they yeeld but these are the principall The chiefe Towne and Port is on the Souther side of the Madera well fortified they are subiect to the Kingdome of Portugall the Inhabitants and Garrison all Portugals The third of Iulie wee past along the Ilands of Canaria which haue the name of a Kingdome and containe these seuen Ilands Grand Canaria Tenerifa Palma Gomera Lancerota Fortenentura and Fierro These Ilands haue abundance of Wine Sugar Conserues Orcall Pitch Iron and other commodities and store of Cattell and Corne but that a certaine Worme called Gorgosho breedeth in it which eateth out the substance leauing the huske in manner whole The head Iland where the Iustice which they call Audiencia is resident and whither all suits haue their appellation and finall sentence is the Grand Canaria although the Tenerifa is held for the better and richer Iland and to haue the best Sugar and the Wine of the Palma is reputed for the best The Pitch of these Ilands melteth not with the Sunne and therefore is proper for the higher workes of shipping Betwixt Fortenentura and Lancerota is a goodly Sound fit for a meeting place for any Fleet. Where is good anchoring and abundance of many sorts of Fish There is water to be had in most of these Ilands but with great vigilance For the naturals of them are venturous and hardie and many times clime vp and downe the steepe Rockes and broken Hills which seeme impossible which I would hardly haue beleeued had I not seene it and that with the greatest arte and agilitie that may bee Their Armes for the most part are Lances of nine or ten foot with a head of a foot and halfe long like vnto Boare-speares saue that the head is somewhat more broad Two things are famous in these Ilands the Pike of Tenerifa which is the highest Land in my iudgement that I haue seene and men of credite haue told they haue seene it more them fortie leagues off It is like vnto a Sugar loafe and continually couered with Snowe and placed in the middest of a goodly Valley most fertile and temperate round about it Out of which going vp the pike the cold is so great that it is vnsufferable and going downe to the Townes of the Iland the heat seemeth most extreme till they approch neere the coast The other is a tree in the Iland Fierro which some write affirme with the dropping of his leaues to giue water for the sustenance of the whole Iland which I haue not seene although I haue beene on shoare on the Iland but those which haue seene it haue recounted this mysterie differently to that which is written in this manner That this Tree is placed in the bottome of a Valley euer flourishing with broad leaues and that round about it are a multitude of goodly high Pines
the Ministers in our behalfe Came wee into the South-sea to put out flags of truce And left we our pleasant England with all her contentments with intention or purpose to auaile our selues of white rags The Captaine and Company were perswaded to resolution and in accomplishment of this promise and determination they perseuered in sustaining the fight all this night with the day and night following and the third day after In which time the Enemy neuer left vs day nor night beating continually vpon vs with his great and small shot Sauing that euery morning an houre before breake of day hee edged a little from vs to breath and to remedie such defects as were amisse as also to consult what they should doe the day and night following This time of interdiction we imployed in repairing our Sayles and Tacklings in stopping our Leakes in fishing and woolling our Masts and Yards in mending our Pumpes and in fitting and prouiding our selues for the day to come though this was but little space for so many workes yet gaue it great reliefe and comfort vnto vs and made vs better able to endure the defence for otherwise our ship must of force haue suncke before our surrendrie hauing many shot vnder water and our Pumpes shot to pieces euery day In all this space not any man of either part tooke rest or sleepe and little sustenance besides Bread and Wine In the second dayes fight the Vice-admirall comming vpon our quarter William Blanch one of our Masters mates with a luckie hand made a shot vnto her with one of our sterne Peeces it carried away his maine Mast close by the deck wherewith the Admirall beare vp to her to see what harme shee had receiued and to giue her such succour as shee was able to spare which we seeing were in good hope that they would haue now left to molest vs any longer hauing wherewithall to entertaine themselues in redressing their owne harmes And so we stood away from them close by as wee could which wee should not haue done but prosecuted the occasion and brought our selues close vpon her weathergage and with our great and small shot hindered them from repairing their harmes if we had thus done they had beene forced to cut all by the boord and it may be lying a hull or to le-wards of vs with a few shot we might haue sunke her At the least it would haue declared to our enemies that we had them in little estimation when able to go from them we would not and perhaps beene a cause to haue made them to leaue vs. But this occasion was let slip as also that other to fight with them sayling quarter winds or before the wind for hauing stood off to Sea a day and a night we had scope to fight at our pleasure and no man hauing sea roome is bound to fight as his enemy will with disaduantage being able otherwise to deale with equalitie contrariwise euery man ought to seeke the meanes hee can for his defence and greatest aduantage to the anoyance of his contrary Now we might with our fore-saile low set haue borne vp before the winde and the enemy of force must haue done the like if he would fight with vs or keep vs company and then should we haue had the aduantage of them For although their Artillery were longer waightier and many more then ours and in truth did pierce with greater violence yet ours being of greater bore and carrying a waightier and greater shot was of more importance and of better effect for sinking and spoyling for the smaller shot passeth through and maketh but his hole and harmeth that which lyeth in his way but the greater shaketh and shiuereth all it meeteth and with the splinters or that which it encountreth many times doth more hurt then with his proper circumference as is plainely seene in the battery by land when the Saker and Demy-coluerin the Coluerin and Demi-canon being peeces that reach much further point blanke then the Canon are nothing of like importance for making the breach as is the Canon for that this shot being ponderous pierceth with difficultie yea worketh better effects tormenting shaking and ouerthrowing all whereas the others with their violence pierce better and make onely their hole and so hide themselues in the Wooll or Rampire Besides our ship being yare and good of steeridge no doubt but we should haue plaied better with our Ordnance and with more effect then did our enemies which was a greater terrour being able to fight with lesse disaduantage and yet to fight with the most that could be imagined which I knew not of neither was able to direct though I had knowne it being in a manner senslesse what with my wounds and what with the agony of the surrendry propounded for that had seldome knowne it spoken of but that it came afterwards to be put in execution The General not being able to succour his Vice-admiral except he should vtterly leaue vs gaue them order to shift as well as they could for the present and to beare with the next Port and there to repaire their harmes Himselfe presently followed the Chase and in short space fetched vs vp and began a fresh to batter vs with his great and small shot The Vice-admirall hauing saued what they could cut the rest by the boord and with Fore-sayle and Myson came after vs also and before the setting of the Sun were come vpon our broad side we bearing all our Sayles and after kept vs company lying vpon our weather quarter and anoying vs what shee could Here I hold it necessary to make mention of two things which were most preiudiciall vnto vs and the principall causes of our perdition the errours and faults of late dayes crept in amongst those who follow the Sea and learned from the Flemings and Easterlings I wish that by our misfortunes others would take warning and procure to redresse them as occasions shall be offered The one is to fight vâ—â—â—med where they may fight armed The other is in comming to fight to drinke themselues drunke Yea some are so mad that they mingle Powder with Wine to giue it the greater force imagining that it giueth spirit strength and courage and taketh away all feare and doubt The latter is for the most part true but the former is false and beastly and altogether against reason For though the nature of wine with moderation is to comfort and re 〈…〉 e the heart and to fortifie and strengthen the spirit yet the immoderate vse thereof worketh quite contrary effects In fights all receits which adde courage and spirit are of great regard to be allowed and vsed and so is a draught of wine to be giuen to euery man before he come to action but more then enough is pernicious for exceeding the meanes it offendeth and infeebleth the sences conuerting the strength which should resist the force of the enemy into weakenesse
signes how that we went to Apalachen and by those signes which he made vs it seemed he ment to signifie that hee was an enemy to them of Apalachen and would aide vs against them We gaue him Crownes Bels and such other things and he gaue the Gouernour the skin which he wore vpon him and so turned backe againe and we followed presently after him That euening we came vnto a Riuer which was very deepe and very broad and ran very furiously and not presuming to passe ouer it vpon rafts we made a Canoa and staied one whole day to passe ouer it so that if the Indians would haue iniured vs they might easily haue disturbed our passage and yet although they holped vs the best they could wee had much trouble One of our Horsemen called Iohn Velasquez a natiue of Cuellar because he would not stay tooke the Riuer with his Horse and the current of the Riuer being very strong cast him from his Horse who catching hold on the raines of the bridle drowned himselfe together with the Horse And those Indians of that Lord called Dulcancellin found the Horse and told vs where we should finde him in the Riuer below and so they went to search for him whose death much discontented vs because vntill that time there was not one man of our company wanting The Horse gaue many their suppers that night And so hauing passed that Riuer the day following we came vnto the people of that Lord who sent vs some of their Maiz. The next day we departed the Indians being fled The Gouernour left by the way an ambuscado of certaine Horsemen which as those Indians passed by issued out vpon them and tooke three or foure who before serued vs for guides and they brought vs through a very troublesome Countrey to trauaile and maruelous to behold where were huge Mountaines and very high Trees whereof so many were fallen to the ground that they intangled and stopped the way in such sort that we could not passe without going farre about to our great trouble and of those trees that were fallen the greater part were cleft from one end to the other through the thunderbolts that fall there great tempests being alwayes in that place with this trouble wee marched vntill the six and twentieth day of Iune at which day we came within the sight of Apalachen before they of the Towne perceiued vs. We rendered great thankes vnto God seeing our selues so neere vnto that place and supposing that to be true which had been spoken and hoping we should there end our great trauailes which wee had passed as well for the long and euill iourney as for the great famine which we had sustained Because although we sometimes found Maiz yet for the most part we went six or eight leagues without finding any And there were many amongst vs that through hunger and wearinesse had wounded their shoulders with continuall wearing of their armes besides the other calamities they daily incountered The Gouernour commanded me to take with me nine horse and fiftie foote and enter the towne which the Controler and I did and found none but little children and women because at that time the men were not there but going a little way from those places the Indians came and began to fight and shoot at vs and slew the Controulers horse but in the end they fled and left vs There we found great quantity of Maiz which stood ready to be gathered and had sufficient of which was dry romeining We found there many skinnes of wilde beasts taken by hunting and some garments of thred little and nought worth wherewith the women couer some parts of their person They had many Mils to grinde Maiz. Among these people there were forty little houses low built and in close places for feare of the great tempests to which that Countrey continually is accustomed The houses are made of straw of stubble and compassed about with Mountaynes standing thicke together and great Trees and many Seas of water where so many and so great Trees are falne that they trouble euery thing and cause that no man is able to trauell there without great incumberance The land from the place where we di barked vnto this people of Apalachen for the most part is plaine and the soyle consisteth of hard and solid sand and throughout all the same many great Trees and famous Mountaines are found where Nut trees are and Labrani and other which they call Laquidambares there are also Cedars Sauine-trees Holme-trees Pines Okes and low Palme-trees like those of Castile Throughout all that Countrey there are many great and little Lakes and some are very troublesome to passe as well for the great depth thereof as also by reason of the many trees which are fallen there The ground or bottome of them is sand and those Lakes which we found in the Prouince of Apalachen are much greater then all the other which we had found vntill then There are many fields of their Maiz in this Prouince and the houses are scattered through the Plaine like those of Gerbe The beasts which we saw there are Deere of three sorts Conies Hares Beares and Lions and other among which we saw one that carrieth her young in a bagge which shee hath in her belly where shee carrieth them all the time that they are little vntill they be able to goe and seeke their meate themselues And if by chance the young stand seeking food without the damme and people come vpon them shee flyeth not before she haue gathered them into her bagge The Countrey is very cold there and there are many good pastures for flockes There are also many sorts of Fowle Goâ—â—ings in great abundance Geese Duckes Herons Black-birds and others of diuers sorts and there we saw many Falcons Ger-falcons Sparrow-hawkes and many other sorts of Birds Two dayes after we came to Apalachen the Indians that were fled returned vnto vs in peace demanding their children and we gaue them all except one Cazique of theirs whom the Gouernour retayned which was the occasion to cause them to depart offended who the day following returned as enemies and assailed vs with such fury and suddennesse that they came to set fire to the house where we were but so soone as wee came forth they fled and retired themselues vnto the Lakes which were very neere thereunto Whereupon by reason of them and the Corne which was very thicke there we could not doe them any hurt saue that we killed one man only The day following other Indians of another people which was on the other side came to vs and assailed vs after the same manner that the other had done before and fled likewise and one of them also was slaine We abode there fiue and twentie dayes in the which we caused three to enter within the Land and found it very poorely peopled and hard trauelling in respect of the troublesome passages
the American parcels the particular relations of which you haue had already and yeeld you the totall summe for a conclusion to our Spanish-Indian Peregrinations §. III. Extracts out of certaine Letters of Father MARTIN PERâ—Z of the Societie of Iesus from the new Mission of the Prouince of Cinoloa to the Fathers of Mexico dated in the moneth of December 1591. With a Letter added written 1605. of later Discoueries SInce my last Letters dated the sixth of Iuly among the Tantecoe on which day wee came into this Prouince of Cinoloa being guided by the Gouernour Roderigo del Rio we passed and trauelled through diuers Castles Countrie Villages Mines of Metall Shepheards houses Townes of Spaniards and certaine Signiories helping our neighbours by our accustomed duties so that wee were alwaies full of businesse Wee passed ouer in eight dayes the rough and hard and painefull Mountaine Tepesnan seeing no liuing creature saue certaine Fowles The cause whereof is the force of certaine Muskitos which trouble Horses whereof is exceeding abundance in all the Mountaine which were most noisome to our Horses There met vs certaine Cuimecht which are warlike Indians which offered vs bountifully such as they had without doing vs any harme There are almost an infinite number of these which wander dispersed vp and downe doing nothing else but hunt and seeke their food And it was told vs that three thousand of them were assembled in a part of the hill which besought the Gouernour that he would cause them to be taught and instructed in the Christian Faith Their Minister which was but onely one came to visite vs. There met vs also a certaine Spanish Captaine which had the gouernment of six Castles or Countrie Villages in a part of the Mountaine who knowing well enough what the societie ment by these missions wrote vnto the father Visitor requesting him to grant him one of the Fathers by whose trauell twenty thousand soules might be instructed which he would recommend vnto him These and other Villages we passed by not without griefe because it was resolued already among vs that we should stay in no other place but in this Prouince A few dayes before our comming thither we wrote to six or seuen Spaniards which dwell there without any Priest and heard Masse onely once a yeare to wit when any Priest dwelling thirtie or forty leagues off came vnto them to confesse and absolue them being penitent who being accompanied with most of the chiefe Indians met vs with exceeding great ioy and gladnesse aboue twenty leagues distant from their dwellings and accompanied vs vnto the second Riuer of this Prouince wherein the towne of Saint Philip and Iacob standeth This Prouince is from Mexico aboue three hundred leagues and is extended towards the North. On the right hand it hath the Mountaines of the Tepesuanes on the left hand the Mediterrane Sea or the Gulfe of California on another part it stretcheth euen to Cibola and California which are Prouinces toward the West very great and well inhabited On one side which regardeth the North new Mexico is but two dayes iourney distant from the vttermost Riuer of this Prouince as we were enformed by the Gouernour which is so famous and renowned and so full of Pagan superstition whereof diuers haue often written They measure and diuide the Prouince of Cinaloa with eight great Riuers which runne through the same The reason of that diuision is this because all the Castels and Villages of the inhabitants are setled neere the bankes and brinkes of the Riuers which are replenished with fish and which in short space doe fall into the Mediterranâ— Sea or Gulfe of California The soyle is apt for tillage and fruitfull and bringeth forth such things as are sowne in it The ayre is cleere and wholesome The Pesants and husband men reape twice a yeare and among other things store of Beanes Gourds Maiz and such kinde of Pulfe whereof wee and they eate so plentifully that there is no speech of the rising of the price of things or of Famine nay rather a great part of the old crop perisheth oftentimes and they cast away their old Maiz to make roome for the new They haue great store of Cotten Wooll whereof they make excellent cloathes wherewith they are apparelled Their apparell is a peece of cloath tyed vpon their shoulders wherewith as with a cloak they couer their whole body after the manner of the Mexicans True it is that though they be all workemen yet for the most part of the yeare they are not couered but goe naked yet all of them weare a broad girdle of the said Cotten cloath cunningly and artificially wrought with figures of diuers colours in the same which the shels of Cockles and Oysters ioyned artificially with bones doe make Moreouer they thrust many threds through their eares whereon they hang earerings for which purpose they bore the eares of their children as soone as they be borne in many places and hang eare-rings round Stones and Corall in them so that each eare is laden with fiftie of these Ornaments at least for which cause they alwayes sleepe not lying on their sides but with their face vpward The women are decently couered from their waste downeward being all the rest naked The men as well as the women weare long haire the women haue it hanging downe their shoulders the men often bound vp and tyed in diuers knots they thrust Corals in it adorned with diuers feathers and cockle shels which adde a certaine beautie and ornament to the head They weare many round Beades of diuers colours about their neckes They are of great stature and higher then the Spaniards by a handfull so that as wee sate vpright vpon our horses without standing on tiptoe they easily could embrace vs. They are valiant and strong which the warres which they had with the Spaniards doe easily shew wherein though they sustained no small damages yet were they not vnreuenged nor without the bloud of their aduersaries When they would fight resolutely for their vttermost libertie they denounced and appointed the day of battell Their weapons are Bowes and poysoned Arrowes and a kinde of clubbe of hard wood wherewith they neede not to strike twice to braine a man They vse also â—ertaine short iauelins made of red wood so hard and sharpe that they are not inferiour to our armed speares And as fearefull and terrible as they be to their enemies so quiet and peaceable are they among themselues and their neighbours and you shall seldome finde a quarrellour or contentious person The Spaniards after certaine conflicts at length made friendship with them leauing their Countrie to them but those eight Spaniards whom I mentioned before liue quietly among them and though they be called Lords yet are they contented with such things as the Indians giue them offering no violence nor molestation to any man Vpon our comming into these Countries the
and that in snowie weather Moreouer they had greater care of him as also of others that haue often gone with them than of themselues saying that if they should chance to dye it would be laid to their charges to haue killed them Such gouernment as we haue spoken of did serue vs for preseruatiues against the Country disease And yet foure of ours died in February and March of them who were of a fretfull condition sluggish And I remember I obserued that all had their lodgings on the West side and looking towards the wide open Port which is almost foure leagues long shaped ouale-wise besides they had all of them ill bedding We had faire weather almost during all the Winter for neither raines nor fogges are so frequent there as here whether it be at Sea or on the land The reason is because the Sun-beames by the long distance haue not the force to raise vp vapours from the ground here chiefely in a Countrey all wooddy But in Summer it doth both from the Sea and the Land when as their force is augmented and those vapors are dissolued suddenly or slowly according as one approacheth to the Equinoctiall line Raines being in those parts rare in that season the Sunne likewise shineth there very faire after the fall of Snowes which we haue had seuen or eight times but it is easily melted in open places and the longest abiding haue beene in February Howsoeuer it be the Snow is very profitable for the fruits of the earth to preserue them against the frost and to serue them as a fur-gowne And as the skie is seldome couered with clouds towards New-found-lands in Winter time so are there morning frosts which doe increase in the end of Ianuary February and in the beginning of March for vntill the very time of Ianuary we kept vs still in our doublets And I remember that on a Sunday the foureteenth day of that moneth in the afternoone wee sported our selues singing in Musicke vpon the Riuer L'Esquelle and in the same moneth wee went to see Corne two leagues off from our Fort and did dine merrily in the Sun-shine I would not for all that say that all other yeares were like vnto this For as that winter was as milde in these parts these last Winters of the yeares 1607. 1608. haue beene the hardest that euer was seene it hath also beene alike in those Countries in such sort that many Sauages died through the rigour of the weather as in these our parts many poore people and trauellers haue beene killed through the same hardnesse of Winter weather But I will say that the yeare before we were in New France the Winter had not beene so hard as they which dwelt there before vs haue testified vnto me Let this suffice for that which concerneth the winter season But I am not yet fully satisfied in searching the cause why in one and the selfe same parallell the season is in those parts of New France more slow by a moneth than in these parts and the leaues appeare not vpon the trees but towards the end of the moneth of May vnlesse wee say that the thicknesse of the wood and greatnesse of Forrests doe hinder the Sunne from warming of the ground Item that the Country where we were is ioyning to the Sea and thereby more subiect to cold And besides that this land hauing neuer beene tilled is the more dampish the trees and plants not being able easily to draw sap from their mother the earth In recompence wherof the Winter there is also more slow as we haue heretofore spoken The cold being passed about the end of March the best disposed amongst vs striued who should best till the ground and make Gardens to sowe in them and gather fruits thereof Which was to very good purpose for wee found great discommodity in the Winter for want of Garden hearbes When euery one had done his sowing it was a marueilous pleasure in seeing them daily grow and spring vp and yet greater contentment to vse thereof so abundantly as wee did so that this beginning of good hope made vs almost to forget our natiue Countrie and especially when the fish began to haunt fresh-water and came abundantly into our brookes in such innumerable quantity that we knew not what to doe with it Whilest some laboured on the ground Monsieur de Poutrincourt made some buildings to be prepared for to lodge them which he hoped should succeede vs. And considering how troublesome the Hand-mill was he caused a Water-mill to be made which caused the Sauages to admire much at it For indeede it is an inuention which came not into the spirit of men from the first ages After that our workmen had much rest for the most part of them did almost nothing But I may say that this Mill by the diligence of our Millers did furnish vs with three times more Herrings then was needefull vnto vs for our sustenance Monsieur de Pontrincourt made two Hogsheads full of them to be salted and one hogshead of Sardines or Pilchers to bring into France for a shew which were left in our returne at Saint Maloes to some Merchants Among all these things the said Monsieur de Pontrincourt did not neglect to thinke on his returne Which was the part of a wise man for one must neuer put so much trust in mens promises but one must consider that very often many disasters doe happen to them in a small moment of time And therefore euen in the Moneth of Aprill he made two Barkes to be prepared a great one and a small one to come to seeke out French-ships towards Campseau or New-found-land if it should happen that no supply should come vnto vs. But the Carpentry-worke being finished one onely inconuenience might hinder vs that is we had no Pitch to calke our Vessels This which was the chiefest thing was forgotten at our departure from Rochel In this important necessitie the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt aduised himselfe to gather in the woods quantity of the gumme issuing from Firre-trees Which he did with much labour going thither himselfe most often with a Boy or two so that in the end hee got some hundred pounds weight of it Now after these labours it was not yet all for it was needefull to melt and purifie the same which was a necessary point and vnknowne to our ship-Master Monsieur de Champ-dore and to his Marriners for as much as that the Pitch we haue commeth from Norwege Suedland and Danzick Neuerthelesse the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt found the meanes to draw out the quintessence of these Gummes and Firre-tree barkes and caused quantity of Brickes to be made with the which he made an open furnace wherein he put a limbecke made with many kettles ioyned one in the other which hee filled with those gummes and barkes Then being well couered fire was put round about
with Wood. To prepare the ground they bruise the barke of the trees neere the roote then doe they scorch the roots with fire that they grow no more The next yeere with a crooked piece of Wood they beat vp the Woods by the roots and in those moulds they plant their Corne. Their manner is this They make a hole in the earth with a sticke and into it they put foure graines of Wheat and two of Beanes These holes they make foure foot one from another Their women and children do continually keepe it with weeding and when it is growne middle high they hill it about like a Hop-yard In April they begin to plant but their chiefe plantation is in May and so they continue till the midst of Iune What they plant in April they reape in August for May in September for Iune in October Euery stalke of their Corne commonly beareth two eares some three seldome any foure many but one and some none Euery eare ordinarily hath betwixt two hundred and fiue hundred graines The stalke being greene hath a sweet iuyce in it somewhat like a Sugar Cane which is the cause that when they gather their Corne greene they sucke the stalkes for as we gather greene Pease so doe they their Corne being greene which excelleth their old They plant also Pease which they call Ass 〈…〉 which are the same they call in Italy Fagioli Their Beanes are the same the Turkes call Gar 〈…〉 s but these they much esteeme for dainties Their Corne they rost in the eare grâ—ene and bruised it in a Morter of Wood with a Polt lap it in roules in the leaues of their Corne and so boile it for a daintie They also reserue the Corne late planted that will not ripe by roasting it in hot ashes the heat thereof drying it In Winter they esteeme it being boiled with Beanes for a rare dish they call Paus 〈…〉 Their old Wheat they first steepe a night in hot water in the morning pounding it in a Morter They vse a small basket for their Temmes then pound againe the great and so separating by dashing their hand in the basket receiue the flower in a platter made of Wood scraped to that forme with burning and shels Tempering this flower in water they make it either in cakes couering with ashes till they be baked and then washing them in faire water they drie presently with their owne heat or else boile them in water eating the broth with the bread which they call Poâ—ap The grouts and pieces of the cornes remaining by fanning in a platter or in the wind away the branne they boile three or foure houres with water which is an ordinary food they call Vstatahamâ—n But some more thriftie then cleanly doe burne the coare of the eare to powder which they call Pungnough mingling that in their meale but it neuer tasted well in bread nor broth There fish and flesh they boile either very tenderly or broâ—le it so long on hurdles ouer the fire or else after the Spanish fashion putting it on a spit they turne first the one side then the other till it bee as drie as their Ierkin beefe in the West Indies that they may keepe it a month or more without putrifying The broth of fish or flesh they eate as commonly as the meat In May also amongst their Corne they plant Pumpeons and a fruit like vnto a Muake Millen but lesse and worse which they call Macocks These increase exceedingly and ripen in the beginning of Iuly and continue vntill September They plant also Maracocks a wilde fruit like a Lemmon which also increase infinitely They begin to ripe in September and continue till the end of October When all their fruits be gathered little else they plant and this is done by their women and children neither doth this long suffice them for neere three parts of the yeere they onely obserue times and seasons and liue of what the Countrey naturally affordeth from hand to mouth c. The mildnesse of the aire the fertilitie of the soile and the situation of the Riuers are so propitious to the nature and vse of man as no place is more conuenient for pleasure profit and mans sustenance Vnder that Latitude or Climate here will liue any beasts as Horses Goats Sheepe Asses Hens c. as appeared by them that were carried thither The waters Iles and shoales are full of safe harbours for ships of Warre or Merchandize for boats of all sorts for transportation or fishing c. The Bay and Riuers haue much merchandable fish and places fit for Salt coats building of Ships making of Iron c. Muscouia and Polonia doe yeerely receiue many thousands for Pitch Tarre Sope ashes Rosen Flax Cordage Sturgeon Masts Yards Wainscot Firres Glasse and such like also Swethland for Iron and Copper France in like manner for Wine Canvas and Salt Spaine as much for Iron Steele Figs Reasons and Sackes Italy with Silkes and Veluets consume our chiefe commodities Holland maintaines it selfe by Fishing and Trading at our owne doores All these temporize with other for necessities but all as vncertaine as Peace or Warres Besides the charge trauell and danger in transporting them by seas lands stormes and Pyrats Then how much hath Virginia the prerogatiue of all those flourishing Kingdomes for the benefit of our Land when as within one hundred miles all those that are to bee had either readie prouided by nature or else to be prepared were there but industrious men to labour Onely Copper we may doubt is wanting but there is good probabilitie that both Copper and better munerals are there to bee had for their labour Other Countries haue it So then here is a place a nurse for Souldiers a practise for Mariners a trade for the Merchants a reward for the good and that which is most of all a businesse most acceptable to God to bring such poore Infidels to the true knowledge of God and his holy Gospel Of the naturall Inhabitants of Virginia and their customes The land is not populous for the men be few their farre greater number is of women and children Within sixtie miles of Iames Towne there are about some 7000. people but of able men fit for their warres scarse 2000. To nourish so many together they haue yet no meanes because they make so small a benefit of their Land be it neuer so fertill seuen or eight hundred â—hough by their owne report they were aboue a thousand haue beene the most which hath beene seene together when they gathered themselues to haue surprised Captaine Smith at Pamavâ—ke hauing but fifteene to withstand the worst of their furie As small as the proportion of ground that hath yet beene discouered is in comparison of that yet vnknowne the people differ very much in stature especially in language as before is expressed Some being very great as the Sesquesahamocks others very little as the Wighcocomococs but generally tall
pretended out of their commisserations to referre him to the Councell in England to receiue a check rather then by particulating his designes make him so odious to the world as to touch his life or vtterly ouerthrow his reputation but he much scorned their charitie and publikely defied the vttermost of their crueltie hee wisely preuented their policies though hee could not suppresse their enuies yet so well hee demeaned himselfe in this businesse as all the Company did see his innocencie and his aduersaries malice and those which had beene subborned to accuse him accused his accusers of subornation many vntruths were alledged against him but being so apparantly disproued begat a generall hatred in the hearts of the Company against such vniust Commanders many were the mischiefes that daily sprung from their ignorant yet ambitious spirits but the good doctrine and exhortation of our Preacher Master Hunt reconciled them and caused Captaine Smith to be admitted of the Councell the next day all receiued the Communion the day following the Sauages voluntarily desired peace and Captaine Newport returned for England with newes leauing in Virginia one hundred the fifteenth of Iune 1607. The names of them that were the first planters were these following Master Edward-Maria Wingfield Captaine Bartholomew Gosnoll Capt. Iohn Smith Capt. Iohn Ratcliffe Cap. Iohn Martin Capt. George Kendall Councellors M. George Piercy M. Robert Hunt Preacher Anthony Gosnoll Capt. Gabrill Archer Rob. Ford William Brustar Dru Pickhouse Iohn Brookes Thomas Sands Iohn Robinson Vstis Clonill Kellam Throgmorton Nathaniell Powell Robert Behethland Ieremy Alicock Thomas Studley Richard Crofts Nicholas Houlgraue Thomas Webbe Iohn Waler William Tankard Francis Snarsbrough Edward Brookes Richard Dixon Iohn Martin George Martin Anthony Gosnold Thomas Wotton Seirg Thomas Gore Francis Midwinter Gentlemen William Laxon Edward Pising Tho. Emry Rob. Small Carpenters Anas Todkill Iohn Capper Iames Read Blacksmith Ionas Profit Sailer Tho. Couper Barber Iohn Herd Brick-layer William Garret Brick-layer Edward Brinto Mason William Loue Taylor Nic. Skot Drum Iohn Laydon William Cassen George Cassen Tho. Cassen William Rods William White Ould Edward Henry Tauin George Golding Iohn Dods Will. Iohnson Will. Vnger Labourers Will. Wilkinson Surgeon Samuell Collier Nat. Pecock Iames Brumfield Rich. Mutton with diuers others to the number of one hundred and fiue BEing thus left to our fortunes it fortuned that within ten dayes scarce ten amongst vs could either goe or well stand such extreame weaknesse and sicknesse oppressed vs. And thereat none need maruell if they consider the cause and reason which was this whilest the ships stayed our allowance was somewhat bettered by a daily proportion of bisket which the Saylers would pilfer to sell giue or exchange with vs for money saxefras furres or loue But when they departed there remained neither Tauerne Beere-house nor place of reliefe but the common kettell Had we beene as free from all sinnes as gluttony and drunkennesse we might haue beene canonized for Saints But our President would neuer haue beene admitted for ingrossing to his priuate Otemeale Sack Oile Aquavitae Beefe Egges or what not but the kettel that indeed he allowed equally to be distributed and that was halfe a pinte of Wheat and as much Barly boiled with water for a man a day and this hauing fryed some six and twentie weekes in the ships hold contained as many wormes as graines so that wee might truely call it rather so much Bran then Corne our drinke was water our lodgings castles in aire with this lodging and diet our extreame toile in bearing and planting Pallisadoes so strained and bruised vs and our continuall labour in the extreamitie of heat had so weakned vs as were cause sufficient to haue made vs as miserable in our natiue Countrey or any other place in the world From May to September those that escaped liued vpon Sturgion and Sea-Crabs fiftie in this time we buried The rest seeing the Presidents proiects to escape these miseries in our Pinnace by flight who all this time had neither felt want nor sicknesse so moued our dead spirits as wee deposed him and established Ratcliffe in his place Gosnoll being dead Kendall deposed Smith newly recouered Martin and Ratliffe was by his care preserued and relieued but now was all our prouision spent the Sturgeon gone all helpes abandoned each houre expecting the fury of the Sauages when God the Patron of all good indeauours in that desperat extreamitie so changed the hearts of the Sauages that they brought such plentie of their fruits and prouision as no man wanted The new President and Martin being little beloued of weake iudgement in dangers and lesse industry in peace committed the managing of all things abroad to Captaine Smith who by his owne example good words and faire promises set some to mow others to binde thatch some to build houses others to thatch them himselfe alwaies bearing the greatest taske for his owne share so that in short time he prouided most of them lodgings neglecting any for himselfe This done seeing the Sauages superfluitie begin to decrease with some of his workmen hee shipped himselfe in the shallop to search the Countrey for trade the want of the language knowledge to mannage his Boat without Sailers the want of sufficient power knowing the multitude of the Sauages apparell for his men and other necessaries were infinite impediments yet no discouragement Being but sixe or seuen in company hee went downe the Riuer to Kecoughtan where at first they scorned him as a starued man and would in derision offer him a handfull of Corne or a piece of Bread for their Swords and Muskets and such like proportions also for their apparell But seeing by trade there was nothing to be had necessitie forced him to exceed his Commission and to vse his Muskets to another kind of trading which made these deriders flye to the Woods Hee hasted to their houses and found store of Corne from which the hungry Souldiers were hardly detained in bastier spoile to haue betrayed themselues to the returning Sauages assault This sixtie or seuenty did presently with hideous noise to the eare and manifold colours painted to the eye singing and dancing with their Okee which was an Idol made with skins stuffed with mosse all painted and hanged with Chaines and Copper borne before them and being well armed with Clubs Targets Bowes and Arrowes they charged the English who so kindly receiued them with their Muskets loaden with Pistoll shot that downe fell their God and diuers of his worshippers lay sprauling on the ground the rest flying to the Woods Soone after they sent one of their Quiyoughcasucks to offer peace and redeeme their Okee Smith agreed that if onely sixe would come vnarmed and load his Boat with Corne hee would be their friend restore their Okee and giue them also Beads Copper Hatchets which on beth sides was performed to mutuall content and they brought him singing and dansing Venison Turkeys wild Fowle Bread
a continuall Spring which is the cause that some few things come not to that maturitie and perfection as were requisite And though the Trees doe shed their leaues yet are they alwayes full of greene Their Corne is the same which they vse almost in all parts of the West Indies to wit Maiz which to such as are vsed to it is more heartie and nourishing then our English Wheate and yeelds a farre greater increase as a pound sometimes of one or two graines Of this Corne and â—iuers other things without either plowing or digging the ground they haue two Haruests euery yeere for they set about March which they gather in Iuly and againe in August which is ripe in December And little slips of Figge Trees and Vines doe vsually beare fruit within lesse then a yeere after they are planted sometimes in halfe a yeere The like fertilitie it hath in other things There is scarce at any time to be perceiued either Frost or Snow nor any extreme heate for there is almost alwayes some wind stirring which cleereth and cooleth the Aire Their Summers and Winters obserue the same times with ours but their longest dayes and nights are shorter then ours in England by two houres and almost a halfe as also their shortest dayes and nights are as much longer then ours for their longest dayes and nights are about fourteene houres and their shortest ten When it is Noone with vs it is Morning with them and when it is about fiue of the clocke in the Euening with vs it is high-noone with them so that whilest the Sun declines with vs it riseth with them as also it doth in Virginia It is apt to Thunder and Lightning all the yeere oft-times more terrible then in England but no man or other liuing creature haue I knowne hurt by it There is no venemous creature in the Countrey the yellow Spider which is there making her Webbe as it were of Silke and bringing forth her young as the Alchimists their stone of Egges like little Balles of Quick-siluer is not perceiued to bee any whit venemous Yet there is a Plant that climbeth Trees like Iuie the leafe also of the same colour but in shape like the Vine that is somewhat venomous but of no great force There is great store and varietie of Fish and so good as these parts of the World affoords not the like which being for the most part vnknowne to vs each man gaue them names as they best liked as one kind they called Rocke-fish another Groopers others Porgie-fish Hog-fish Angle-fish Cauallies Yellow-tayles Spanish Makerell Mullets Breame Connie-fish Morrayes Sting-rayes Flying-fish c. The like they did by the Fowle as Cohooes Sandbirds Herons Ducke and Teale Pemblicoes Castle-boobies Hawkes c. The Countrey when we first beganne the Plantation was all ouer-growne with Woods and Plants of seuerall kinds and to such kinds as were vnknowne to vs which were the most part we also gaue names such as were knowne retayning their olde names as Cedars Palmetoes Black-wood White-wood Yellow-wood Mulberie-trees Stopper-trees Lawrell and Oliue-trees Mangrowes Pepper-trees Yellow-bery-weed Red-weed These and many others wee found naturally growing in the Countrey But since it hath beene inhabited there hath beene brought thither as well from the Indies as from other parts of the World sundry other Plants as Vines of seuerall kinds Sugar-canes Figge-trees Apple-trees Oranges Lemmons Pomegranets Plantanes Pines Parsnips Raddishes Artichokes Potatoes Cassaui Indico and many other Insomuch that it is now become as it were some spacious Garden or Nourcerie of many pleasant and profitable things Now if I should proceed to a more speciall Narration and speake of all these Plants Birds Fishes and other remarkable things particularly I could not but bee much larger then were any wayes expedient in this place Besides I haue long since vnderstood that Captaine Butler the Gouernour there resident hath vndertaken to write of these and the like things a peculiar Treatise This therefore that is spoken touching the nature of the Countrey in generall shall suffice Onely to make choice of two particulars wherof I will speake not so largely as the things require but so farre forth as will be meet and conuenient in this place The first shall bee the Tortoyse which they call a Turtle which hauing some affinitie and resemblance with Fishes Beasts and Fowles shall serue instead of a Historie of them all The other shall be that which they call the prickled Peare-tree which participating in nature and resembling in some things herbs and in other Trees shall likewise serue in stead of the Naturall Historie of them both And first of the Turckle not regarding for breuities sake the large Discourses of others I will onely write what I haue seene and knowne my selfe They are in the shape of their bodie like a Crab-fish and haue foure finnes they are as great as three or foure men can carrie the vpper part of them is couered with a great shell which wee call a Galley-patch weighing as I take it halfe a hundred weight the flesh that cleaueth to the in-side of this being rosted against the fire is excellent meate almost like the Marrow of Beefe but the shell it selfe harder then Horne shee hath also a shell on her belly not so hard but being boy led it becommeth soft like the sinewes or gristle of Beefe and good meate These liue in the Sea spending the Spring time and part of the Summer about these Ilands but the residue of the yeere we know not where They are like to Fowle in respect of the smalnesse and fashion of their heads and neckes which are wrinkled like a Turkeyes but white and not so sharpe billed They also breed their young of Egges which they lay They resemble Beasts in that their flesh is like Veale but more hard and solid and they feed alwayes vpon grasse growing at the bottome of the water neither can they abide any longer vnder water then they hold their breath which the old ones will doe long but the young ones being chased to and fro cannot continue two minutes with out comming vp to breathe Shortly after their comming in the Male and Female couple which wee call cooting this they continue some three dayes together during which time they will scarce separate though a Boat come to them nor hardly when they are smitten Not long after the Shee-Turckle comes vp by night vpon some Sandie Bay and further vp then the water vseth to flow shee digges a hole with her finne in the Sand some two foote deepe and there comming vp seuerall nights layes her Egges some halfe a bushell which are about the bignesse of a Hennes Egge and round as a Ball and each time couers them with Sand very curiously so that a man shall hardly finde the place These Egges as it seemes are afterwards hatched by heate of the Sunne and then by the Prouidence of God the meanes are yet vnknowne to vs are brought out
1745. The religions orders in Bermudas vnder the said Gouernour 1746. Bermudas possession taken their solemnities Preaching Administration of the Sacraments mariage rites c. 1746. Bermudas crosse erected by Sir Thomas 〈◊〉 in memoriall of his deliuerie the inscription 1747. Bermudas plantation by the English 1793 1794. Articles proposed to the plantationers 1795. Bermudas store of Ambergreece 1796. Bermudas geographically described 1798. The soile ibid. With other commodities at large 1799 1800. seq Another desâ—â—iption of its â—auer all excellencies 1806 Bermuda City in Virginia 1767 1768 Berrias making drinke of a restrictiue operation 1739 Berria a Riuer 1206 Beuer-skins very plentifull in Canada and New England 1842 Beuers burnt by Sauages 1644 Biarataca a beast in Brasile that killeth with his stincking smell men and dogs 1303 Biesaie a nation neere the Riuer Parana in the West Indies 1364 Bigrorgia Indians of Brasile 1300 Bird-land one of the Virgin Ilands in the West Indies 1159 Birds incredibly plentifull there 1159 1160 Birds strange in Brasile 1305 1306 Birds that haue two generations that dance that sound like bels that haue three skins that haue hornes ibid. Birds that bring tidings of ships ariuall whose fat is good for loosenesse birds that die and liue againe their seuerall names 1316 1317. Birds in America very delicate and glittering their natures names and diuersities 1329. A bird of a most monstrous bill 1330. A bird no bigger then a Drone Bee that makes most harmonious melody 1330. Birds beleeued by the Barbarians to bee sent from their friends with newes 1330. Birds like Snipes that discouer dangerous sheales 1374. Birds taken with hooke and liue 1383. Their dâ—scription ibid. Birds worshipped as gods 1560 Birds strangely taken in the Bermudas by men yelling and howling 1741 Biscaines a sauage people inhabiting neere Grand Bay on the north of New-found Land 1882 Biscouers vse to fight well 1150 Bishop of Cusco taken prisoner by the English at Cadiz he is set at liberty without ransome 1933 Bishop and his Clerkes certaine Rockes on the north side of Silley so called 1967 Blanches Bay 1386 Blancke a place whither the French Biscaines and Portugals yeerely repaire for Fish neere the South Cape of New-found Land 1886 Blacke-Pinace sunke 1167 Blacke-Rocke a place yeerely fished by three or foure hundred sayle of Spaniards 1837 Blanco Iland 1â—66 Blasâ—â— a Frier of the Order of Franciseus of Siuill being in great extremity through the slauish bondage of the Spaniards was releeued by the Sauages of the I le of Dominica 1833 A Blazing-star in the yeare 1590. Ouer Tercera 1678. Another ouer England Anno 1606 page 1685 Bloody fiâ—x rife and the causes thereof 1149 Blew-beâ—ds wel sold for two or three hundred bushels of corne 1710 Bores in Brasile that haue their nauels on their backes by the sent of which the Dogs hunt and desiroy them 1301 Boates of strange forme and fashion 1504. Bâ—ates onely of â—ollowed trees by the Indians of New France 1633 A Boat that sailed from the Bermudas to Ireland 1803. And there hangd vp for a monument ibid. Boâ—eyua Snakes among the Sauages 1210 Bogs and watry places engendring euill diseases 1623 1624 Boicupecanga a kind of Snake that hath venemous prickles on his backe 1303 Bolus a Riuer in Virginia the commodities and inhabitants 1693 Bonas Ayres a place in the riuer of Plate 1218 Bonito or Spanish Mackarell 1376 Boarding how to bee avoided in a Sea-fight 1405 Borsis a towne taken by Captaine Petuin in the Portugall voyage 1926 Boybona an Indian name of a mountaine in Brasile in English the Rotten Whale 1240 Boycininga and Boiciningpeba certain snakes in Brasile that haue bels in their tailes and are very poysonous 1304 Boyes of the Indians not suffered to take Tobacco their reuerence to their elders their habit c. 1869 Boytiapua a Frog-eating Snake or Serpent wherewith if a barren womans hips be strooke the Indians say she presently conceiues with child 1303 Boynara a place in the Indies 1246 Boisterous Seas not agreeable to London delicacie 1941 Brabisse Riuer and the particular names of the Riuers betweene it and the Amazons and Nations 1286 Bracheo neere the Paretaes in the West Indies 1246 Branco de Malambo 1434 Brasile the Rivers Capes and Ports thereof described their danger or safety for Navigators 1237 1238. seq Brasile when first found and discovered and by whom 1437. The controversie concerning it betweene the Spaniards and Portugals 1437 Brasile the difficulty of sayling thither some times of the yeare 1156 1157 A Brasilian brought to K. Henry the eighth in his wilde accoustrements 1179 Brasile is sixe hundred leagues from the Streights of Mâ—gellane 1193 Brasilian coasts full of Shoales 1195 Brasilian Sauages 1225 1226. seq strange and monstrous Beasts in Brasile their names 1242 1243. Brasilians their nature subâ—â—ction man-eating shooting nakednes flat-heads 1243. plenty of mynes 1243. Brasil and Brasilians described 1289 seq their opinion of an Iland of God of their soule and paradise ibid. Their mariages-rites drinkings diet ruling children liberalitie drunkennesse rudenesse manner of eating 1290. Their lodging nakednesse modestie haire houses child-birth ceremonies loue of children and education 1291. Their entertaining strangers with weeping welcome their hospitalitie their drinking smoake of Petigina their traffiquing ornaments the vsage of their wiues iealousie musicke 1292. Singing instruments loue of poetry their burials and excessiue lamentation tooles weapons archerie their arts quick-sightednesse trauels swimming fishing swords 1293 1294. Their manner of eating mans flesh and divers their ceremonies at large 1295 1296 1297. Their creating Gentlemen the badges thereof and their three titles Abaetes Murubixabâ— Moçacara 1297. Their languages and nations ibid. The climate seasons nature of the soyle 1300 Varietie of strange wilde beasts 1301 1302 1303. Diversity of fearfull Serpents and the venome of â—hat climate 1303 1304. The varietie of Pâ—â—ats and strangenesse of other Bird 1305 1306. Diversities and wonders of their trees and fruits for Physick and 〈◊〉 h 〈…〉 se the severall names of their trees and plants 1307 1308 1309. Rare and admirable plants their severall names and wonders at large 1310 1311 1312. Their multitude and singularitie of fishes and their names at large 1314 1315 seq Their Fish that liveth altogether in Salt-water and their names 1316 1317. The delicate fresh-water of Brasile and Rivers ibid. Theiâ— strange vast and fearfull sea-serpents and their severall names 1317 1318 What Portugall commodities in Brasile 1319. Brasile hath few Lice and Fleas but infinite store of venemous gnats ibid. Articles for the good of Brasile to the Spanish King 1320 seq The want of iustice and the irregularitie of those parts 1321. Their dis-respect of the Iesuits in the matters of counsaile ibid. How cruelly the Brasilians are dealt with by the Portugals 1321. seq Their want of instruction and inhumane slauerie 1324. Brasils beasts plants and other living things described 1325 1326. seq Brasile wood ibid. Difference of